Musculoskeletal medicine Books

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTS: 1 Computer Asssisted Spine Surgery - A New Era of Innovation 2 Navigation in Occipital and Cervical Spine Surgery - 3 Spinal Trauma and Navigation 4 Navigated Deformity Correction 5 Navigation of Tumor and Metastatic Lesions in the Thoracolumbar Spine 6 Navigated Lateral Interbody fusion - 7 Pulse 8 Robotic Assisted Spinal Deformity Correction 9 Robitic Assistated Mininally Invasive Spine Surgery, Percutaneous Fixation 10 Traumatic Spinal Injury and Robotic Reconsutrction 11 Cost Effectiveness of Robotic and Navigation Systems 12 Virtual Reality and Augemented Reality in Spine Surgery

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This second edition covers most of the important details that comprise successful total knee replacement. The accompanying ebook provides useful imaging enhancement and topic searching. The last edition was published in 1990." ©Doody's Review Service, 2023, Samuel J. Chmell, MD (University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine)Table of ContentsSection I Preoperative Considerations 1. Patient Considerations: Comorbidities and Optimization 2. Modify What's Modifiable: Smoking, Obesity, Opioid Dependence, and Nutritional Deficiencies 3. Optimizing Important Comorbidities: Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Cardiac Disease 4. Assessment of Surgical Difficulty 5. Preoperative Planning From Medical Issues to Implants Section II Issues and Considerations on the Day of Surgery 6. Setting Up an Outpatient or Same-Day Discharge Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) Program 7. Surgical Procedure 8. Bone-Cutting Technique 9. TKA Balancing 10. New Technology and Surgical Technique in TKA 11. Cement Technique Section III Postoperative TKA Considerations 12. Avoiding Peri- and Postoperative Management After Total Knee Arthroplasty 13. Complications of Total Knee Arthroplasty and Evidence Basis for Outcomes of Knee Arthroplasty Index

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Ultrasound Basic Principles 3. Fluoroscopy Basic Principles 4. Principles of Injection Therapy 5. Autologous Tissue Harvesting Techniques: bone marrow aspirate and adipose tissue 6. Autologous Tissue Harvesting Techniques: Platelet Rich Plasma 7. Autologous Orthobiologics 8. Allogenic Orthobiologics 9. Therapeutic dextrose injection: Prolotherapy, perineural injection therapy and hydrodissection 10. Sclerosing agents 11. Toxins for orthopedics 12. Cervical Injection Techniques 13. Thoracic Injection Techniques 14. Lumbar Injection Techniques 15. Sacrocoggyeal Injection Techniques 16. Shoulder Injection Techniques 17. Elbow Injection Techniques 18. Wrist Injection Techniques 19. Hand Injection Techniques 20. Pelvis Injection Techniques 21. Knee Injection Techniques 22. Ankle Injection Techniques 23. Foot Injection Techniques 24. Calcific Tendon Barbotage/Lavage 25. High Volume Ultrasound Guided Capsular Distention for Adhesive Capsulitis 26. Ultrasound Guided Needle Tenotomy and Ultrasound Guided Tenotomy and Debridement with Tenex Health TX System 27. High Volume Image Guided Injections 28. Fascia/Ligament release 29. Compartment Pressure Testing 30. Ultrasound-Guided Anterior and Lateral Compartment Fasciotomies for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome 31. Principles of Perineural Injections 32. CTS release 33. Percutaneous bone spur removal 34. Intraosseous injection 35. Advanced and Emerging Interventional Techniques 36. Mini-arthroscopy 37. Post-Procedure Rehabilitation 38. Advanced imaging in interventional orthopedics

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsChapter 1: A Word of Caution Chapter 2: The Principles behind Mechanical Alignment Chapter 3: Have We Been Shooting at the Wrong Target? Chapter 4: Philosophy and Principles of Kinetic Alignment Chapter 5: Philosophy and Principles of KA - Q&A Chapter 6: Surgical Technique: Standard Instrumentation Chapter 7: Surgical Technique: Custom Jigs Chapter 8: Handling Instability Chapter 9: Surgical Technique: Using Navigation Assisted Techniques Chapter 10: Surgical Technique: Using Robot Assisted Surgery Chapter 11: Surgical Technique: Tibia First Chapter 12: Surgical Technique: Kinematic Light Chapter 13: Post-Operative Rehabilitation and Clinical Evaluation of the KA TKA Chapter 14: Kinematic Alignment in the Complex Knee Chapter 15: Revising a KA Knee: Surgical Considerations Chapter 16: Revising a MA Aligned Knee into KA: Early Experience and Indications Chapter 17: Kinematic Alignment: Q&A on Surgical Techniques Chapter 18: Future Trends in KA Chapter 19: Literature Review and Highlights of Key Findings

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsTitle Prelims Introduction Section 1 Clavicle Ch 1 Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocations Technique: Allograft stabilization Tech: Allograft docking technique Ch 2 Medial Clavicle Fractures Tech: Medial Hook Plate Ch3 Midshaft Clavicle Fractures Tech: ORIF with plate Tech: ORIF with IMN Ch4 Lateral Clavicle Fractures Tech: Hook Plate Tech: ORIF with CC "tightrope" Ch5 AC joint Instability Tech: ORIF with CC "tightrope" Tech: Anatomic ligament recon Section 2 Scapula Ch6 Scapula Body Tech: ORIF scapula Ch7 Floating Shoulder, Acromion, and Coracoid: The SSSC Ch8 Scapulothoracic Dissociation Section 3 Glenohumeral joint instability Ch9 Anterior Instability Evaluation and Decision Making Tech: Arthroscopic labral repair Tech: Arthroscopic Remplissage Tech: Arthroscopic Latarjet Ch10 Posterior instability Tech: Open reduction and bone grafting of reverse hill sachs Section 4 Proximal Humerus Ch11 Treatment Algorithm for Proximal humerus fractures Tech: Nonoperative rehab Tech: ORIF with plate/screws Tech: ORIF with IMN Tech: RSA for fracture Tech: Endosteal allograft for complex reconstruction Section 5 Humeral Shaft Ch12 Humeral Shaft fractures Tech: Non-op treatment with functional bracing Tech: Posterior approaches Tech: Anterolateral Approach Section 6 Distal Humerus Ch13 Adult Distal humerus fractures Tech: Principle Based Internal Fixation of Distal Humerus Fractures Tech: TEA for distal humerus fracture Section 7 Elbow Ch14 Traumatic elbow ligamentous injury (incl PMRI and PLRI) Tech: LUCL repair Tech: LUCL recon Tech: UCL recon Ch15 Isolated Radial Head/neck Fractures Tech: ORIF radial head and neck-- Techniques for exposure, avoiding the PIN. Fixation options for head fractures. Plate options and approach options for neck fractures Tech: Radial Head Arthroplasty Ch16 Coronoid fractures and The Terrible Triad: An Algorithm for Successful Management Tech: Terrible triad Tech: ORIF medial coronoid fracture Tech: Approach to chronic elbow instability Ch17 Proximal Ulna fractures and fracture-dislocations (monteggia) Tech: ORIF Comminuted Olecranon fracture--Dual plating and triceps off-loading Tech: ORIF with intramedullary fixation Tech: ORIF trans-olecranon fracture/dislocation-Pattern recognition and fixation options Tech: ORIF Monteggia Section 8 Forearm and Wrist Ch18 Essex-Lopresti-When do all three levels require attention? Tech: Interosseous Ligament Reconstruction Ch19 Radial and Ulnar Shaft Fractures: Choice of approach, Nails vs Plates, Compression tips and tricks Tech: ORIF both bones forearm fracture approaches Ch20 Distal Radius fractures Tech: ORIF inta-articular distal radius fracture Tech: Bridge plating Tech: Application of wrist external fixator for distal radius/carpal injuries Ch21 Distal Radioulnar joint Instability and Galeazzi Fractures Tech: ORIF Galeazzi Ch22 Galeazzi Fractures Tech: Tips and tricks for predicting which will be unstable; repair options for the DRUJ/TFCC after radial fixation Ch23 Distal Radius Fractures Tech: Volar plate, dorsal plate, spanning plates, fragment specific options Ch24 Radiocarpal Dislocations Dumontier type 1 vs type 2; when and how to fix the radial styloid fragment; neutralization device options Section 9 Hand and Digits Ch25 Scaphoid Fractures Tech: Volar vs. Dorsal, Open vs. percutaneous; Bone graft options Ch26 Perilunate and Lunate Dislocations Tech: Lesser vs. Greater arc injuries; volar vs. dorsal approach - when and how; fixation options for intercarpal stabilization Ch27 Metacarpal Fractures Tech: Pins vs. plates vs. intramedullary devices - when and how Ch28 Metacarpophalangeal Joint Dislocations Tech: Volar vs. dorsal approaches Ch29 Phalanx Fractures Tech: Pins vs. screws vs. plates - when and how Ch30 Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations Tech: ORIF (seattle seat belt) vs. extension block pinning vs. dynamic external fixation Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsChapter 1: Classifications of Fractures, Dislocations, and Sports-Related Injuries Chapter 2: Musculoskeletal Diseases and Related Terms Chapter 3: Imaging Techniques Chapter 4: Orthopaedic Tests, Signs, and Maneuvers Chapter 5: Laboratory Evaluations Chapter 6: Casts, Splints, Dressings, and Traction Chapter 7: Prosthetics and Orthotics Chapter 8: Anatomy and Orthopaedic Surgery Chapter 9: The Spine Chapter 10: The Hand and Wrist Chapter 11: The Foot and Ankle Chapter12: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Chapter 13: The Research Enterprise Appendix A: Orthopaedic Abbreviations Appendix B: Anatomic Positions and Directions Appendix C: Etymology of Orthopaedics Bibliography

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewDoody's Core Titles® 2022 "This is a very complete book on a large topic. Its bullet-point format is very readable and it contains excellent sketches and pictures. The online version is enhanced by 100 well-done videos, which are useful for students, residents, and fellows. The new videos make this edition worth the update." ©Doody's Review Service, 2022, Daniel Mass, MD (University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine)Table of Contents1.Anesthesia of the Hand 2.Fasciotomy for Compartment Syndrome of the Hand and Forearm 3.Finger Amputations 4.Drainage of Septic Arthritis (Including Fight Bite) and Septic Tenosynovitis 5.Kirschner Wire Fixation of Mallet Fractures (Ishiguro Extension Block Technique) 6.Closed Reduction with Kirschner Wire Fixation of Extraarticular Phalangeal Fractures 7.Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Extraarticular Phalangeal Fractures 8.Dynamic External Fixation of Fracture-Dislocation of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint 9.Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Intraarticular Phalangeal Fractures 10.Volar Plate Arthroplasty of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint 11.Hemi-Hamate Arthroplasty 12.Closed Reduction with Kirschner Wire (K-wire) Fixation of Metacarpal Neck and Shaft Fractures 13.Percutaneous Intramedullary Fixation of Metacarpal Head and Neck Fractures 14.Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Metacarpal Shaft Fractures 15.Open Reduction for Metacarpophalangeal Joint Dislocation 16.Corrective Osteotomy of Metacarpal Fracture Malunion 17.Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthroplasty Using Pyrocarbon Implants 18.Reconstruction of Acute and Chronic Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Thumb 19.Closed Reduction with Kirschner Wire Fixation of Bennett and Rolando Fractures 20.Wrist Arthroscopy 21.Scapholunate Ligament Repair 22.Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction 23.Lunotriquetral Ligament Reconstruction Using Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon 24.Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Acute Scaphoid Fracture 25.Treatment of Scaphoid Nonunion 26.Open Reduction and Fixation of Acute Lunate or Perilunate Dislocation With or Without Fracture 27.Scaphoid Excision and Four-Corner Fusion 28.Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome 29.Distal Radioulnar Joint Reconstruction Using the Palmaris Longus Graft 30.Procedures for Avascular Necrosis of the Lunate 31.Operative Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures 32.Corrective Osteotomy of Radius Malunion 33.Cross Intrinsic Tendon Transfer, Extensor Tendon Centralization, and Metacarpophalangeal Joint Synovectomy 34.Tendon Transfers for Rheumatoid Tendon Attrition Rupture 35.Correction of Swan-Neck Deformity 36.Correction of Boutonniere Deformity 37.Capsulotomy for Proximal Interphalangeal Contracture 38.Silicone Metacarpophalangeal Arthroplasty (SMPA) 39.Proximal Interphalangeal Arthroplasty 40.Distal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis 41.Joint Fusion for Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Instability 42.Reconstruction for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Instability Using Flexor Carpi Radialis (Littler Procedure) 43.Trapeziectomy and Abductor Pollicis Longus Suspensionplasty 44.Distal Ulnar Resection (Darrach Procedure) 45.Sauvé-Kapandji Procedure 46.Hemiresection Ulnar Arthroplasty 47.Proximal Row Carpectomy 48.Total Wrist Arthroplasty 49.Total Wrist Fusion 50.Wrist Denervation 51.Open Carpal Tunnel Release 52.Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release 53.Revision Carpal Tunnel Release and Coverage Using a Hypothenar Fat Pad Flap 54.Decompression Procedures for Ulnar Compressive Neuropathy 55.Radial Nerve Decompression 56.Primary Nerve Repair and Nerve Grafting for Traumatic Nerve Injuries 57.Tendon Transfers for Low Median Nerve Palsy : Opponensplasty 58.Tendon Transfers for High Median Nerve Palsy 59.Tendon Transfers for Low and High Ulnar Nerve Palsy 60.Tendon Transfers for Radial Nerve Palsy 61.Distal Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN) Transfer to Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve 62.Triple Nerve Transfer for Brachial Plexus Injuries 63.Wide Awake Approach to Hand Surgery for Commonly Performed Procedures 64.Acute Repair of Flexor Tendon Injuries in Zones I-V 65.Two-Stage Flexor Tendon Reconstruction with Silicone Rod 66.A2 Flexor Tendon Pulley Reconstruction with Free Tendon Graft 67.Tenolysis of Flexor Tendons 68.Acute Repair of Extensor Tendon Injuries: Zones I to VII 69.Stabilization of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Subluxation with Extensor Retinaculum 70.Release of Trigger Finger 71.Release of de Quervain Tenovaginitis 72.Flap Coverage of Fingertip Injuries 73.Flap Coverage of Thumb Defects 74.Dorsal Metacarpal Artery Flap and Dorsal Metacarpal Artery Perforator Flap 75.Pedicled Forearm Flap 76.Pedicled and Free Groin Flap 77.Lateral Arm Flap 78.Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap 79.Revascularization and Replantation of Digits 80.Digital Artery Sympathectomy for Raynaud Phenomenon 81.Ulnar Artery to Superficial Arch Bypass with a Vein Graft 82.Enzymatic Treatment with Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Injection 83.Percutaneous Needle Aponeurotomy for Dupuytren Contracture 84.Limited Open Fasciectomy for Dupuytren Contracture 85.Dermatofasciectomy for Dupuytren Contracture 86.Deltoid to Triceps Transfer and Biceps to Triceps Transfer 87.Biceps and Brachialis Lengthening 88.Brachioradialis to Extensor Carpi Radialis Tendon Transfer 89.Adjunctive Thumb Procedures in Tetraplegia 90.Fractional Lengthening of Flexor Tendons and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis to Flexor Digitorum Profundus Transfer 91.Brachioradialis/Pronator Teres to Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon Transfer 92.Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Transfer to Flexor Digitorum Profundus 93.Release of Finger Syndactyly Using Dorsal Rectangular Flap 94.Duplicated Thumb and Finger Treatment 95.Pollicization for Thumb Hypoplasia 96.Camptodactyly Correction 97.Correction of Constriction Ring 98.Centralization for Radial Longitudinal Deficiency 99.Cleft Hand Reconstruction 100.Arthrogryposis Reconstruction 101.Lumps and Bumps of the Hand and Wrist 102.Excision of Vascular Lesions of the Hand 103.Excision of Metacarpal Enchondroma 104.Excision of Peripheral Nerve Schwannoma 105.Treatment of Malignant Skin Cancer of the Hand

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book is a great addition for physicians performing injections for diagnosis or for the management of pain. It is simple and complete. The approach to each block helps the readers to understand with learning enhanced by the figures." ©Doody's Review Service, 2022, Robert R. Gaiser, MD (Yale School of Medicine)Table of ContentsHead and Neck Shoulder Elbow and Forearm Wrist and Hand Chest Wall, Trunk, Back and Abdomen Hip and Pelvis Knee and Lower Extremity Ankle and Foot

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSECTION 1: ARTHRITIS INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 4 Introduction to Arthritis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR EROSIVE 10 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Axial Skeleton B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 16 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Shoulder and Elbow B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 22 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist and Hand B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 28 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Hip B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 32 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Knee B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 36 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Ankle and Foot B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 40 Robust Rheumatoid Arthritis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 41 Felty Syndrome B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 42 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 48 Adult Still Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR PRODUCTIVE 50 Osteoarthritis of Axial Skeleton B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 54 DISH B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 60 OPLL B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 64 Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis 66 Osteoarthritis of Shoulder and Elbow B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 70 Osteoarthritis of Wrist and Hand B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 74 Osteoarthritis of Hip B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 80 Osteoarthritis of Knee B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR MIXED EROSIVE AND PRODUCTIVE 86 Ankylosing Spondylitis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 92 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Arthritis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 98 Psoriatic Arthritis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 104 Chronic Reactive Arthritis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR DUE TO BIOCHEMICAL DISORDERS OR DEPOSITIONAL DISEASE 110 Gout Eva M. Escobedo, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, and Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR 116 Pyrophosphate Arthropathy B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 122 Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 128 Amyloid Deposition B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 134 Hemochromatosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 135 Ochronosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 136 Wilson Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 137 Oxalosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR MISCELLANEOUS JOINT DISORDERS 138 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS) B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 144 Intraarticular Chondroma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 148 Nodular Synovitis (Intraarticular) B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 152 Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 153 Synovial Vascular Malformation B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 154 Synovial Chondromatosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 160 Charcot (Neuropathic) B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 166 Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 172 Complex Regional Pain Syndr B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR SECTION 2: OSSEOUS TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 180 Bone Tumors: Diagnosis, Staging, and Biopsy B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 188 Bone Tumors: Treatment Options and Follow-Up B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR BONE-FORMING TUMORS 194 Enostosis (Bone Island) B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 198 Osteoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 204 Osteoid Osteoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 210 Osteoblastoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 216 Conventional Osteosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 222 Parosteal Osteosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 228 Periosteal Osteosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 232 Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 236 Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 240 High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 242 Secondary Osteosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR CARTILAGE-FORMING TUMORS 246 Enchondroma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 252 Osteochondroma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 258 Multiple Hereditary Exostoses B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 264 Chondroblastoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 268 Chondromyxoid Fibroma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 272 Periosteal Chondroma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 278 Chondrosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 284 Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 286 Periosteal Chondrosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 288 Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR MARROW TUMORS 290 Plasmacytoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR and Chris Hanrahan, MD, PhD 296 Multiple Myeloma Chris Hanrahan, MD, PhD 302 POEMS B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 304 Ewing Sarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 310 Leukemia: Osseous Manifestations B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 314 Lymphoma of Bone B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 320 Metastases: Bone Marrow B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR OTHER OSSEOUS TUMORS 326 Desmoplastic Fibroma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 330 Del_Liposclerosing Myxofibrous Tumor B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 332 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 336 Fibrosarcoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 338 Intraosseous Lipoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 342 Giant Cell Tumor B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 348 Adamantinoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 352 Hemangioma: Intraosseous B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 358 Epithelioid Hemangioma 362 Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of Bone B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 364 Angiosarcoma: Osseous B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 368 Chordoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS 372 Paget Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 378 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 384 Fibrous Dysplasia B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 390 Osteofibrous Dysplasia B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 396 Simple Bone Cyst B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 402 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 408 Fibroxanthoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR TUMORS BENIGN ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS 430 Lipoma: Soft Tissue Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 436 Lipomatosis Catherine C. Roberts, MD 442 Lipomatosis: Nerve Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 446 Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa Catherine C. Roberts, MD 450 Lipoma Arborescens: Knee Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 454 Lipoblastoma/Lipoblastomatosis Catherine C. Roberts, MD 456 Hibernoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 460 Parosteal Lipoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR INTERMEDIATE ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS 464 Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD MALIGNANT ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS 468 Myxoid Liposarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 472 Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 473 Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD FIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMORS BENIGN FIBROUS TUMORS 474 Nodular and Proliferative Fasciitis Catherine C. Roberts, MD 475 Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation Catherine C. Roberts, MD 476 Elastofibroma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 480 Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy Catherine C. Roberts, MD 481 Myofibroma/Myofibromatosis Catherine C. Roberts, MD 482 Fibromatosis Colli Catherine C. Roberts, MD 483 Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis Catherine C. Roberts, MD 484 Fibroma of Tendon Sheath Catherine C. Roberts, MD 488 Desmoplastic Fibroblastoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 490 Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 492 Myositis Ossificans/Heterotopic Ossification B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR INTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE) FIBROUS TUMORS 498 Superficial Fibromatoses Catherine C. Roberts, MD 502 Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING) FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS 508 Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Hemangiopericytoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 514 Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Catherine C. Roberts, MD 518 Infantile Fibrosarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD MALIGNANT FIBROUS TUMORS 520 Fibrosarcoma: Soft Tissue Catherine C. Roberts, MD 524 Myxofibrosarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 528 Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 530 Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 534 Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Catherine C. Roberts, MD SO-CALLED FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS BENIGN FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS 538 Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, Extraarticular Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 544 Diffuse-Type Giant Cell Tumor (Extraarticular PVNS) Catherine C. Roberts, MD 546 Deep Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD MALIGNANT FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS 548 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma With Prominent Inflammation Catherine C. Roberts, MD SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN 550 Leiomyoma: Superficial and Deep Catherine C. Roberts, MD SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT 554 Leiomyosarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR PERICYTIC (PERIVASCULAR) TUMORS 560 Glomus Tumor Catherine C. Roberts, MD 564 Angioleiomyoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN 566 Rhabdomyoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT 568 Rhabdomyosarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC TUMORS BENIGN VASCULAR TUMORS 574 Vascular Malformations Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 580 Hemangioma 584 Angiomatosis Catherine C. Roberts, MD 586 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome Catherine C. Roberts, MD 590 Lymphangioma Catherine C. Roberts, MD INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING) VASCULAR TUMORS 594 Kaposi Sarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 598 Hemangioendothelioma: Soft Tissue Catherine C. Roberts, MD MALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMORS 600 Angiosarcoma: Soft Tissue B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR CHONDROOSSEOUS TUMORS 604 Chondroma: Soft Tissue Catherine C. Roberts, MD 606 Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 608 Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION BENIGN TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION 612 Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor 614 Myxoma B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR INTERMEDIATE TUMORS (RARELY METASTASIZING) OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION 620 Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma 622 Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor Catherine C. Roberts, MD MALIGNANT TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION 624 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 628 Synovial Sarcoma Stephanie Bernard, MD, Catherine C. Roberts, MD, and Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR 634 Epithelioid Sarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 638 Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 642 PNET/Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS NONNEOPLASTIC 644 Morton Neuroma Catherine C. Roberts, MD 648 Traumatic Neuroma Catherine C. Roberts, MD NEUROFIBROMA 650 Neurofibroma Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR SCHWANNOMA 656 Schwannoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR 662 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Catherine C. Roberts, MD SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS LESIONS 666 Epidermoid/Epidermal Inclusion Cyst Catherine C. Roberts, MD 668 Rheumatoid Nodule Catherine C. Roberts, MD 672 Metastases: Soft Tissue Catherine C. Roberts, MD 676 Melanoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD SOFT TISSUE TUMOR MIMICS 682 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Infection/Inflammation Catherine C. Roberts, MD 686 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Vascular Catherine C. Roberts, MD 690 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Crystal Disease Catherine C. Roberts, MD 694 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Other Catherine C. Roberts, MD 700 Xanthoma Catherine C. Roberts, MD SECTION 4: CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES GENERAL 706 Arthrogryposis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 707 Amniotic Band Syndrome B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 708 Cerebral Palsy B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 709 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 710 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 711 Muscular Dystrophy B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 712 Neurofibromatosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 718 Osteogenesis Imperfecta B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 724 Turner Syndrome B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR UPPER EXTREMITY 725 Glenoid Hypoplasia B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 726 Madelung Deformity B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 730 Ulnar Variance B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR LOWER EXTREMITY 734 Developmental Dysplasia of Hip B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 740 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 746 Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 750 Osgood-Schlatter Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 751 Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 752 Blount Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 754 Pes Planus (Flatfoot) B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 760 Club Foot (Talipes Equinovarus) B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 764 Congenital Vertical Talus (Rocker-Bottom Foot) B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 765 Pes Cavus B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 766 Tarsal Coalition B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR SECTION 5: DYSPLASIAS SKELETAL DYSPLASIA DWARFISM DYSPLASIA 774 Introduction to Dwarfing Dysplasias Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 778 Achondroplasia Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 782 Pseudoachondroplasia Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 783 Achondrogenesis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 784 Thanatophoric Dwarfism Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 786 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy of Jeune Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 787 Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld) Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 788 Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 792 Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA NONDWARFING DYSPLASIAS 796 Ollier Disease Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 800 Maffucci Syndrome Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 801 Chondrodysplasia Punctata Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 802 Cleidocranial Dysplasia Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 803 Caffey Disease Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 804 Fong Disease (Nail Patella Syndrome) Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA SCLEROSING DYSPLASIAS 806 Melorheostosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 810 Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 814 Osteopetrosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 820 Pycnodysostosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 824 Osteitis Condensans Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 826 Osteitis Pubis: Non-Traumatic Origin Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 828 Intramedullary Osteosclerosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 829 Other Sclerosing Conditions of Bone Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA SECTION 6: SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITH MSK INVOLVEMENT GENERAL 832 Complications of Paraplegia Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 836 Acroosteolysis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 840 Sickle Cell Anemia B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 846 Thalassemia B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 852 Myelofibrosis Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, and Stephanie Bernard, MD 856 Hemophilia B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 862 Diabetes B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 868 HIV/AIDS B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 874 Sarcoidosis: Bone Sandra Moore, MD 878 Sarcoidosis: Muscle Sandra Moore, MD 880 Sarcoidosis: Joint Sandra Moore, MD 881 Sarcoidosis: Soft Tissue Sandra Moore, MD 882 Mastocytosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 884 Tuberous Sclerosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR STORAGE DISORDERS 888 Gaucher Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 892 Mucopolysaccharidoses B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS 894 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 898 Systemic Sclerosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 902 Inflammatory Myopathy B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 908 Overlap Syndrome/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 909 Homocystinuria B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 910 Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 912 Erdheim-Chester Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR SOFT TISSUE DISORDERS 914 Denervation Hypertrophy Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA VASCULAR 916 Embolic Disease B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 917 Meningococcemia B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR SECTION 7: ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS OR ARTHRODESIS ARTHROPLASTIES AND ARTHRODESIS 920 Introduction to Arthroplasties B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 928 Hip Implant B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 934 Revision Arthroplasty B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 938 Knee Implant B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 944 Shoulder Implant B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 948 Elbow Implant B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 950 Ankle Implant B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 952 Ankle Arthrodesis Julia R. Crim, MD 954 Small Joint Implants and Arthrodesis: Hand and Toes B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR INTERNAL FIXATION 960 Hallux Valgus Corrections Julia R. Crim, MD 962 Intramedullary Nail/Rod Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 966 Plate Fixation Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 970 Screw Fixation Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 976 Cement and Bone Fillers Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 982 Wire/Cerclage/Cable Fixation Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 983 Anchoring Devices Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA SECTION 8: INFECTION OSTEOMYELITIS 986 Acute Osteomyelitis: Child Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 990 Acute Osteomyelitis: Adult B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 996 Spinal Infections Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1002 Chronic Osteomyelitis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA SOFT TISSUE AND JOINTS 1006 Septic Arthritis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1012 Infectious Tenosynovitis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1013 Infectious Bursitis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1014 Soft Tissue Infection B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1018 Necrotizing Fasciitis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR SPECIFIC PATHOGENS 1020 Tuberculosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1026 Fungal Infection Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1027 Brucellosis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1028 Madura Foot Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1029 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR Syphilis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1032 Polio B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1033 Parasitic Infection Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA CONDITIONS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY 1034 SAPHO Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1035 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR SECTION 9: BONE MARROW DISTRIBUTION PATTERN 1038 Marrow Distribution: Normal Sandra Moore, MD 1042 Increased or Decreased Marrow Cellularity Sandra Moore, MD 1048 Diffuse Marrow Infiltration and Replacement Sandra Moore, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1054 Focal Marrow Infiltration and Replacement Sandra Moore, MD SECTION 10: BONE MARROW EDEMA AND NECROSIS BONE MARROW EDEMA 1060 Transient Bone Marrow Edema and Regional Migratory Osteoporosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA OSTEONECROSIS INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1062 Introduction to Osteonecrosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1066 Bone Infarct B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1070 Osteonecrosis of Hip Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1076 Osteonecrosis of Shoulder Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1077 Osteonecrosis of Knee Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1078 Osteonecrosis of Wrist Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1082 Osteonecrosis of Ankle and Foot Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1086 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease Brady K. Huang, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, and Stephanie Bernard, MD SECTION 11: METABOLIC BONE DISEASE INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1094 Introduction to Metabolic Bone Disease Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA DISEASES OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS 1100 Hyperparathyroidism Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1106 Osteomalacia and Rickets Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1110 Renal Osteodystrophy Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1116 Dialysis-Related Disease, Metastatic Calcification Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1117 Dialysis-Related Disease, Spondyloarthropathy Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1118 Hypoparathyroidism, Pseudo- and Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA OSTEOPOROSIS 1120 Primary Osteoporosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1124 Disuse Osteoporosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1125 Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1126 Anorexia Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1127 Osteoporosis: Other Causes Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA PITUITARY DISORDERS 1128 Pituitary Disorders: Acromegaly and Growth Hormone Deficiency Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA THYROID DISEASE 1130 Hypothyroidism and Cretinism Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1132 Hyperthyroidism Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1133 Thyroid Acropachy Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA MISCELLANEOUS METABOLIC CONDITIONS 1134 Hypophosphatasia Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1136 Cushing Syndrome Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 1137 Tumoral (Idiopathic) Calcinosis Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA SECTION 12: DRUG-INDUCED AND NUTRITIONAL MSK CONDITIONS DRUG-INDUCED EMBRYOPATHY 1140 Medications 1144 Warfarin (Coumadin): Complications B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1145 Alcohol B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR DRUG-INDUCED CONDITIONS 1146 Substance Abuse 1150 Anticonvulsants 1154 Corticosteroids B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1155 Bisphosphonates Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1156 Prostaglandins 1157 Hypervitaminosis A and Retinoids B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1158 Vitamin D B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1159 Retinoid-Associated Osteoarthritis B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1160 Statins 1164 Metals and Minerals B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1165 Fluoride: Complications B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1166 Voriconazole B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR 1167 Quinolones B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY 1168 Scurvy B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Book introduction: Major trends in vitamin D research; 2. Evolution of human skin pigmentation and vitamin D; 3. Photobiology of vitamin D; 4. The activating enzymes of vitamin D metabolism (25- and 1a-hydroxylases); 5. CYP24A1: structure, function, and physiological role; 6. Alternative pathways for vitamin D metabolism; 7. Vitamin Debinding protein; 8. Regulation of renal vitamin D metabolism; 9. Regulation of extra-renal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D; 10. Structural basis for ligand activity in vitamin D receptor; 11. Genome-wide perspectives on vitamin D receptor actions; 12. Vitamin D, chromatin, and epigenetics; 13. The diverse genomic mechanisms of action of the vitamin D receptor; 14. Vitamin D and microRNAs; 15. Pathway based-analysis of transcriptomic data from vitamin D studies 16. Vitamin D and the kidney; 17. Vitamin D and the calcium-sensing receptor; 18. Regulation of intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption by vitamin D; 19. Vitamin D and FGF23; 20. Osteoclastogenesis and vitamin D; 21. Vitamin D activity in osteoblasts and osteocytes; 22. Cartilage; 23. Vitamin D and bone: an integrated approach; 24. Vitamin D in dentoalveolar and oral health; 25. Role of vitamin D in skin and hair biology; 26. Vitamin D and the cardiovascular system; 27. Vitamin D, brain development and function; 28. Vitamin D, VDR, and adipose tissue: focus on cellular mechanisms; 29. Vitamin D and skeletal muscle; 30. Understanding vitamin D from mouse knockout models; 31. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of vitamin D; 32. Vitamin D as a modifier of genomic function and phenotypic expression during pregnancy; 33. The role of vitamin D physiology in regulating calcium and bone metabolism in mother and child: pregnancy, lactation, postweaning, fetus, and neonate; 34. Vitamin D and the placenta; 35. Consequences of perinatal vitamin D deficiency on later bone health; 36. Adolescence and acquisition of peak bone mass; 37. The role of vitamin D in orthopedic surgery; 38. Vitamin D and muscle performance in athletes and older adults; 39. Role in reproductive biology and dysfunction in women; 40. Vitamin D, reproductive endocrinology, and male reproductive organ function in health and disease; 41. Vitamin D and the renineangiotensin system; 42. Vitamin D: presence and function in the eye; 43. Adult vitamin D deficiency and adverse brain outcomes 44. Vitamin D and the lung; 45. Design and synthesis of vitamin D analogs; 46. Structure function relationships of VDR ligands; 47. Modulating vitamin D receptore coregulator binding with small molecules; 48. Mass spectrometry assays of vitamin D metabolites; 49. Measurement and quality assessment of total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 50. Vitamin D tissue distribution by mass spectrometry imaging; Index for Volume 1

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Book SynopsisArthritis For Dummies is a book for the millions who suffer from chronic joint conditions classified under arthritis looking for lasting relief.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: Getting a Grip on Types of Arthritis. Chapter 1: Looking at Arthritis Basics. Chapter 2: Osteoarthritis, the Most Common Form. Chapter 3: Fighting a War Within: Rheumatoid Arthritis. Chapter 4: Investigating Other Forms of Arthritis. Chapter 5: Exploring Other Conditions Linked to Arthritis. Part II: Tests and Treatments: What to Expect. Chapter 6: Your Doctor and You: Allies Against Arthritis. Chapter 7: Judging Joint Health with Low- and High-Tech Tests. Chapter 8: From Aspirin to Steroids: Medicines for Arthritis. Chapter 9: Cuts That Cure: Surgeries for Arthritis. Chapter 10: Overcoming the Ouch: Strategies for Pain Management. Part III: Is Complementary Medicine for You? Chapter 11: Exploring Complementary Medicine. Chapter 12: Discovering Herbs and Homeopathy. Chapter 13: Making the Most of Hands-On Healing Methods. Chapter 14: Other Complementary Approaches. Part IV: The Arthritis Lifestyle Strategy. Chapter 15: Fighting the Pain with Foods and Supplements. Chapter 16: Oiling Your Joints with Exercise. Chapter 17: Protecting Your Joints through Good Posture and Movement. Chapter 18: Controlling Your Stress, Aggression, and Depression. Chapter 19: Living with Arthritis Day-to-Day. Part V: The Part of Tens. Chapter 20: Ten Tips for Travelling with Arthritis. Chapter 21: Ten Drug-Free Ways to Reduce Pain and Stiffness. Chapter 22: Ten Professionals Who Can Help You Fight Arthritis. Chapter 23: Ten Crackerjack New Treatments. Part VI: Appendixes. Appendix A: Glossary. Appendix B: Resources. Appendix C: Weight Loss and Management Guide. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe pain you suffer from fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is not in your imagination. FMS is a real medical problem that can be as debilitating and demoralizing as it is mysterious.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: The What, When, and Why of Fibromyalgia 7 Chapter 1: Yes, Fibromyalgia Is Real 9 Chapter 2: Recognizing Key Symptoms of Fibromyalgia 21 Chapter 3: Understanding Possible Causes of Fibromyalgia 37 Chapter 4: Understanding Fibromyalgia Pain 57 Part II: Finding Out Whether You Have Fibromyalgia 67 Chapter 5: Who Gets Picked to Have Fibromyalgia? 69 Chapter 6: Identifying Diseases Often Confused with Fibromyalgia 75 Chapter 7: Working with a Good Fibromyalgia Doc: You Need a True Believer 93 Chapter 8: Getting Physical: Your Initial Exam and Diagnosis 105 Part III: Looking At All Your Treatment Options 119 Chapter 9: Medicating the Problem: Over-the-Counter Drugs May Help 121 Chapter 10: Prescribing Health with Medications 131 Chapter 11: Using Hands-On Therapies 147 Chapter 12: Considering Alternative Remedies and Treatments 161 Part IV: Modifying Your Lifestyle: Small Changes, Big Results 175 Chapter 13: Depressurizing Yourself: Controlling the Stress-Eyed Monster 177 Chapter 14: Sweet Dreams! Combating Sleep Disorders 189 Chapter 15: Exercising, Losing Weight, and Avoiding Trigger Foods and Drinks 203 Chapter 16: Coping with Emotions: Your Own 217 Part V: Managing Fibromyalgia at Work and at Home 227 Chapter 17: Working with Fibromyalgia — Or Going on Disability 229 Chapter 18: Helping Loved Ones Deal with Your Fibromyalgia 243 Chapter 19: Helping Someone You Care About Who’s Hurting 257 Chapter 20: Parenting a Child or Adolescent with Fibromyalgia 267 Part VI: The Part of Tens 279 Chapter 21: Ten Alternative Remedies That Help People with Fibromyalgia 281 Chapter 22: Ten Mistakes to Avoid When You Have Fibromyalgia 287 Chapter 23: Ten Ways to Beat the Effects of Brain Fog 293 Chapter 24: Ten Myths about Fibromyalgia 297 Part VII: Appendixes 301 Appendix A: Glossary 303 Appendix B: Fibromyalgia Medications 307 Appendix C: Resources and Support 315 Index 321

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection 1 INJECTION THERAPY - THE EVIDENCE The evidence base for injection therapy Corticosteroids and local anaesthetics Other substances used for injection therapy Landmark and image guided injections Aspiration and miscellaneous injections Safety, drugs and sport, medicolegal issues Section 2 PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR INJECTION THERAPY Overview How to use this book Contraindications to injection therapy Preparation protocol Injection technique flowchart References Section 3 UPPER LIMB INJECTIONS Examination of the upper limb The shoulder The elbow The wrist and hand Temporomandibular joint Summary of suggested upper limb dosages Section 4 LOWER LIMB INJECTIONS Examination of the lower limb The hip The knee The ankle and foot Summary of suggested lower limb dosages Section 5 SPINAL INJECTIONS Spinal injection guidelines Examination of the spine Spinal injection techniques Summary of suggested spinal dosages References Appendix 1 Landmark technique accuracy and outcome studies Appendix 2 Injection Survey Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSECTION 1 Musculoskeletal Anatomy 1.1 Cardinal Planes 1.2 Joint Movements 1.3 Musculoskeletal Anatomy 1.4 Bones of the Hand and Foot 1.5 Muscle Innervation Chart SECTION 2 Musculoskeletal Assessment 2.1 Dermatomes 2.2 Myotomes 2.3 Reflexes 2.4 Upper and Lower Motor Neurone Lesions 2.5 Medical Research Council Scale 2.6 Peripheral Nerve Sensory Innervation 2.7 Nerve Pathways 2.8 Neurological Tests 2.9 Neurodynamic Tests 2.10 Cranial Nerves 2.11 Glossary of Neurological Terms 2.12 Modified Ashworth Scale 2.13 Trigger Points 2.14 Visceral Referral Patterns 2.15 Flags in Back Pain 2.16 Vascular Assessment 2.17 Musculoskeletal Tests 2.18 Common Vascular Tests 2.19 Diagnostic Criteria and Clinical Scoring Systems 2.20 Fractures 2.21 Subjective Assessment 2.22 Physical Assessment SECTION 3 Musculoskeletal Regional Conditions 3.1 Spine 3.2 Shoulder 3.3 Elbow 3.4 Hand and Wrist 3.5 Hip 3.6 Knee 3.7 Foot and Ankle 3.8 Regional Musculoskeletal Conditions: Shorts SECTION 4 Systemic Conditions 4.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis 4.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) 4.3 Sjögren's Syndrome 4.4 Spondyloarthropathy 4.5 Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis 4.6 Fibromyalgia 4.7 Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) 4.8 Gout 4.9 Pseudogout 4.10 Osteoporosis 4.11 Osteomalacia 4.12 Paget's Disease 4.13 Hypercalcaemia 4.14 Diabetes Mellitus 4.15 Hypothyroidism 4.16 Hyperthyroidism 4.17 Hyperparathyroidism 4.18 Motor Neurone Disease 4.19 Multiple Sclerosis 4.20 Peripheral Neuropathy 4.21 Multiple Myeloma 4.22 Primary Bone Cancer 4.23 Metastatic Bone Cancer 4.24 Lymphoma 4.25 Leukaemia 4.26 Soft Tissue Sarcoma 4.27 Systemic Conditions: Shorts SECTION 5 Diagnostics 5.1 Imaging 5.2 Nerve Conduction Studies and Electromyography 5.3 Summary of Blood Tests SECTION 6 Pain Medications 6.1 Amitriptyline 6.2 Aspirin 6.3 Baclofen 6.4 Buprenorphine 6.5 Celecoxib 6.6 Codeine Phosphate 6.7 Diazepam 6.8 Diclofenac 6.9 Dihydrocodeine 6.10 Duloxetine 6.11 Etoricoxib 6.12 Fentanyl 6.13 Gabapentin 6.14 Ibuprofen 6.15 Meloxicam 6.16 Morphine Sulphate 6.17 Naproxen 6.18 Oxycodone 6.19 Paracetamol 6.20 Pregabalin 6.21 Tramadol SECTION 7 Appendices 7.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations 7.2 Prefixes and Suffixes 7.3 Laboratory Values 7.4 National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) 7.5 Adult Basic Life Support 7.5.1 Adult Basic Life Support in Community Settings 7.5.2 Adult Choking 7.6 Paediatric Basic Life Support 7.6.1 Paediatric Basic Life Support (Hospital) 7.6.2 Paediatric Out-of-Hospital Basic Life Support 7.6.3 Paediatric Foreign Body Airway Obstruction 7.7 Body Mass Index Chart 7.8 Suspected Cancer - Recognition and Referral Further Readings Index

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Book SynopsisThere are more than 500,000 carpal tunnel surgeries done annually in the United States but approximately 30 percent of these patients will be no better as a result. The truth is, most physicians are too quick to consider surgery as the first line of defence against carpal tunnel and other repetitive-strain injuries. In this comprehensive guide to recognizing and treating these debilitating conditions, Dr. Scott Fried takes a strong position against surgery and offers self-healing alternatives that have better results. From understanding the signs and symptoms at an early stage to modifying work and lifestyle from proven alternative therapies and helpful medications to nutrition and exercise, The Carpal Tunnel Helpbook provides authoritative advice and practical, up-to-date information to spare many patients the ordeal of surgery to treat their injuries.

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Book SynopsisOver the past twenty years, treatment of back pain has become ever more expensive and intensive. Use of MRI scans, narcotic painkillers, injections, and invasive spine surgery have all grown by several hundred percent. In some areas of medicine, newer treatments have improved quality and duration of life, but as back pain is treated more aggressively, annual surveys of people with back pain report steadily worse impairments. In Watch Your Back!, Richard A. Deyo, MD, proposes an approach to managing back pain, which most adults in the United States experience at some point, that empowers the individual and leads more directly to effective care. Though it may seem counterintuitive, fewer medical interventions may produce better results. Expecting a probe, a pill, or a procedure to cure back pain is usually unrealistic, yet entire industries promote the notion that someone else will fix you. Watch Your Back! exposes these flaws in the current approach to back pain,Trade Review[Starred Review] Deyo (Oregon Health and Science Univ.Hope or Hype) methodically looks at the most frequently used methods of diagnosis and treatment and finds the evidence often lacking, negative, or distorted. With no stake in any particular treatment, the author cites numerous research studies, quotes experts he has interviewed, and provides anecdotes about sufferers, including President John F. Kennedy and Chair of Medicine at Harvard Medical School Jerome Groopman. The author's consistent message is that there is no magic bullet, that more isn't always better, and that patients should be informed partners in any decision. VERDICT Concise, clearly written, and evidence based, Deyo's work would be invaluable to those facing the onset of back pain and the dizzying range of treatment choices, as well as to practitioners and policy makers. * Library Journal *Table of Contents1. Back Pain Nation 2. Even the Best and Brightest 3. What's Wrong? What’s Not? Can We Tell the Difference? 4. Painkillers: Easy Solutions Sometimes Aren’t 5. Painkillers and the Marketing of Pain 6. Pain Management, Now That’s Money 7. Stabbed in the Back 8. Surgical Gadgets and the Explosion of Fusion Surgery 9. The Pointed Search for Relief: Injections, Ablations, and Blocks, Oh My! 10. Why Would You Get Better after Useless Therapy? 11. Manipulating the Pain: Chiropractic and Other "Alternative" Treatments 12. Nobody Takes It Seriously! 13. Boot Camp 14. Amplifying Your Voice 15. Some Policy ImplicationsNotes Index

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Book SynopsisExplains the causes and complexities of back pain and the various paths to diagnosis and treatment. Stressing the importance of individualized treatment, this title discusses the process of establishing a treatment plan that is acceptable to the person with pain as well as the attending physician.Trade ReviewNeurosurgeon Gokaslan and orthopedist Riley... frequently reassure readers that back pain is usually self-limited, without major treatments or surgery, and they offer recommendations for finding authoritative information, including web sites from national spine organizations. Diagnostic and imaging tests are described, as are pain relief and nonsurgical treatments; physical therapy is strongly promoted both as treatment and as prevention. Gokaslan and Riley give a general overview of back surgeries, placing particular emphasis on matching patient and physician expectations of realistic outcomes. A large amount of information is packed into this slim volume. Although the reading level is high, it should be a popular addition to consumer health collections. Library Journal 2008 A complete and comprehensive guide to the back, it provides an excellently researched manual... A must for any who are facing back pain and are evaluating their options fully. Midwest Book Review 2009 The authors do a good job of describing the full range of treatments from physical therapy to surgery. Also included are a useful index and an interesting section describing how to choose an appropriate and helpful Web site. Another section on how to talk to a physician should be helpful for anyone who has encountered difficulties. Choice 2009Table of ContentsIntroduction: As Common as the Common Cold and Twenty Times More PainfulPart I: What's Causing Your Symptoms?1. Twenty-Four Vertebrae and Twenty-Three Discs2. Who Gets Back Pain, and What Causes It?3. Things That Go Wrong in the Back4. Spinal Tumors and Metastatic CancerPart II: Getting a Diagnosis and Seeking Treatment5. What's Wrong with Me, and What Should I Do about It?6. Pain Relief and Nonsurgical Treatment7. Physical Therapy for Pain, Strength, and Function8. Making the Decision about Surgery9. Back Surgery and RecoveryIndex

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Book SynopsisNeck pain is a common and debilitating problem. This guide to the nonsurgical treatment of neck pain tells people what they need to know to become a partner in charting an effective course of treatment. It identifies the various causes of pain and details the range of medical treatments and physical and alternative therapies available.Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgments1. Anatomy of the Neck and Upper Back: What You Need to Know2. What's Causing Your Neck and Upper Back Pain?3. How Physical Therapy Can Help4. Electrical Treatments: Some Stimulating Options5. Manual Therapy: Hands-On Relief6. The Right Medications7. Getting to the Point with Injection Therapy8. Complementary and Alternative Therapies: Healing the Body, Mind, and Spirit9. Putting It All TogetherWeb SitesGlossaryIndex

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Book SynopsisMary Felstiner went to bed one night an active professional and healthy young mother and woke the next morning literally out of joint. With hands and arms no longer working right, she had discovered a first sign of rheumatoid arthritis. This book tells both the personal and the public story of this prevalent yet neglected disease.Trade Review"Felstiner brings a feminist's eye and a historian's tool kit to this narrative of her decades-long struggle with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a crippling autoimmune disease that afflicts more than two million Americans. . . . The book's total effect is powerful, and her major chords strike true: RA is a devastatingly disabling condition with steep private and public costs; its disproportionate effects on women have not been adequately addressed; its social, political, and interpersonal implications are significant. In the end, Felstiner's story is as much about the complexities of belonging—as a woman, a feminist, a Jew, an intellectual—as it is about her illness. So it has something to discover for any reader, pained joints or otherwise."—Publishers Weekly"Felstiner proves not only an able historian but a powerful memoirist, deftly combining the private and the public. . . . Particularly compelling are her vivid accounts of how it actually feels to be her: not only the pain that can stop her from doing simple tasks or her problems with side effects of medications, but the tensions chronic illness can create in a marriage and the anxious fears that can flood the mind. . . . If chronicles of triumph over illness may be too upbeat a model for afflictions that worsen over time, Felstiner proves there is something to be gained from any experience, and something more to be gained from examining and writing about it."—Merle Rubin, Los Angeles Times"Our species likes to make sense of things, to find a story to explain even sickness, even storms. In Out of Joint: A Private & Public Story of Arthritis, history professor Mary Felstiner looks for her story within the larger story of her disease. Like many people visited by illness, Felstiner, diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at age 28, wants to know why. In this artful and intelligent book, she examines this question from many angles—personal, medical historical. . . . Her candor and her research, as well as her sharp and graceful writing style, make Out of Joint an evocative and provocative read."—Frances Lefkowitz, Body + Soul"Out of Joint is superbly written and a must for anyone wishing to better understand rheumatoid arthritis."—ForeWord“Out of Joint reminds us that the words we use as health professionals can have a profound negative effect on the recipient’s appraisal of the situation. . . . . This book is inspiring and easy to read.”—Sarah Ryan, Nursing StandardTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPreviewPart I. Getting Hurt Shock, 1969 Tops, 1959-69 Fatigue, 1971-74 Promises, 1975-76 Alternatives, 1979Part II. Getting Wise Inflammation, 1980-84 Immunity, 1985 Shame, 1986 Stiffness, 1987 Distrust, 1987-88 Morbidity, 1988 Mortality, 1989Part III. Getting Back Access, 1993 Despair, 1993 Moves, 1994-95 Truths, 1996 Pieces, 1996-97 Wondeer, 1941-49 Falsehood, 1950-59 Pain, 1960-68 Stress, 1997Part IV. Getting Help Family, 1997 Partners, 1998 Time, 1998 Revolution, 1999 Rights, 1999 Hands, 1999Part V. Getting Past Healing RetrospectNotesResources

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Book SynopsisWritten with wisdom, genuine humor, and downtoearth observations, We Know How This Ends is far more than a memoir about life with ALS. It is a dignified, courageous, and unflinching look at how acceptance of loss and inevitable death can lead us all to a more meaningful and fulfilling life.Trade Review "Security and immortality are both superstitions; the best we can do is make an adventure of our lives. In this exquisite book, Bruce H. Kramer finds adventure in the most unlikely of places: the death sentence that is ALS. We Know How This Ends is a moving tale that teaches us more about living well than any self-help book ever can."—Dan Buettner, New York Times best-selling author of The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer from the People Who’ve Lived the Longest "The revelatory journey that Bruce H. Kramer and Cathy Wurzer take us on is full of insight, wisdom, sorrow—and joy. This beautiful book should be required reading for all patients, caregivers, and clinicians to better understand that there can be growth and peace and exuberant life even while dying."—Jon Hallberg, M.D., University of Minnesota "As Bruce’s yoga teacher, student, and friend, I have witnessed the story behind this magnificent tale of becoming. I have watched his strength, his grace, and his willingness to love. Bruce’s prose is courageous and penetrating, elegant and unprecedented. This book will change your life."—Matthew Sanford, author of Waking: A Memoir of Trauma and Transcendence "Bruce H. Kramer turns his diamond-hard diagnosis like a prism, reflecting light and joy in surprising places. We need to hear this story now. The honesty and clarity of Kramer and Cathy Wurzer invite us to consider how we live in the face of impending death or unwanted change."—Susan Allen Toth, author of No Saints around Here: A Caregiver’s Days "Yet what comes through most powerfully in Kramer's story is not the pain but the quiet surge of gratitude and joy he has discovered in confronting his imminent death."—Next Avenue, Twin Cities Public Television"Poetic and practical in embracing the inevitable."—MinnPost"Kramer is an excellent writer, a former college professor of education, spinning language in fascinating ways to make the reader stop and think, fell, and explore the profound lessons of a man facing death. He show great wisdom, and the lessons presented in his book apply to all."—Mainstay"We Know How This Ends is a hopeful book. And a serious, joyful, literate, nuanced, bracing and funny book."—The Huffington Post"There are so many true words of wisdom in this book. "—The Caregivers’ Living Room"Kramer is a powerful writer with a gift for crafting fresh descriptions, situations and emotions that are often reduced to clichés. He provides anyone with a terminal disease, and anyone caring for someone with one, with an eloquent guidebook on how to cope with eventual loss and embrace the days that are left."—The National Book Review"A gripping account."—Star TribuneTable of ContentsContentsPrologueCathy Wurzer1. Parallel Lives2. The Footman Snickers3. A House Built on Sand4. A Delicate Dance5. Disease and Dis Ease6. Faith, Part I: Fulfilling What Is Meant to Be7. The Tell8. It Isn’t Just about You9. The Gift10. Happy Anniversary11. Faith, Part II: It’s Your Choice12. Handbook for the Recently Dis Eased13. Time Traveling14. Tripping the Light Fantastic15. Killing the Buddha16. The Gravity of It All17. Ready to Fall18. The Metrics of Measurement19. A Death-Defining Feat20. The Non–Bucket List21. The Widening Gyre22. Faith, Part III: Wrestling with Angels23. Inside Out24. Dis Ease Yoga25. Faith, Part IV: What’s Love Got to Do with It?26. We Know How This EndsAcknowledgments

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Book SynopsisAn informative and enjoyable book explaining the experience of breaking a bone to children and their families, providing comfort, hope, and key information. Featuring easy to understand language, helpful facts and fun color illustrations, this book is part of the series The Strength of My Scars by surgeon, Maria Baimas-George.Table of ContentsBroken Bones – Mei and the Monkey Bars.

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Book SynopsisNow in an updated eighth edition, Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism comprehensively covers key diseases of the bone and disorders of mineral metabolism.Table of ContentsContributors x Primer Corporate Sponsors xxii Preface to the Eighth Edition of the Primer: Clifford J. Rosen xxiii About ASBMR xxiv President s Preface: Lynda F. Bonewald xxv About the Companion Website xxvi Section I: Molecular, Cellular, and Genetic Determinants of Bone Structure and Formation 1 Section Editor Karen M. Lyons 1 Skeletal Morphogenesis and Embryonic Development 3 Yingzi Yang 2 Signal Transduction Cascades Controlling Osteoblast Differentiation 15 David J.J. de Gorter and Peter ten Dijke 3 Osteoclast Biology and Bone Resorption 25 F. Patrick Ross 4 Osteocytes 34 Lynda F. Bonewald 5 Connective Tissue Pathways That Regulate Growth Factors 42 Gerhard Sengle and Lynn Y. Sakai 6 The Composition of Bone 49 Adele L. Boskey and Pamela Gehron Robey 7 Assessment of Bone Mass and Microarchitecture in Rodents 59 Blaine A. Christiansen 8 Animal Models: Genetic Manipulation 69 Karen M. Lyons 9 Animal Models: Allelic Determinants for BMD 76 Robert D. Blank 10 Neuronal Regulation of Bone Remodeling 82 Florent Elefteriou and Gerard Karsenty 11 Skeletal Healing 90 Michael J. Zuscik 12 Biomechanics of Fracture Healing 99 Elise F. Morgan and Thomas A. Einhorn 13 Human Genome-Wide Association (GWA) Studies 106 Douglas P. Kiel 14 Circulating Osteogenic Cells 111 Robert J. Pignolo and Moustapha Kassem Section II: Skeletal Physiology 119 Section Editor Ego Seeman 15 Human Fetal and Neonatal Bone Development 121 Tao Yang, Monica Grover, Kyu Sang Joeng, and Brendan Lee 16 Skeletal Growth and Peak Bone Strength 127 Qingju Wang and Ego Seeman 17 Ethnic Differences in Bone Acquisition 135 Shane A. Norris, Lisa K. Micklesfi eld, and John M. Pettifor 18 Calcium and Other Nutrients During Growth 142 Tania Winzenberg and Graeme Jones 19 Growing a Healthy Skeleton: The Importance of Mechanical Loading 149 Mark R. Forwood 20 Pregnancy and Lactation 156 Christopher S. Kovacs and Henry M. Kronenberg 21 Menopause 165 Ian R. Reid Section III: Mineral Homeostasis 171 Section Editor Ego Seeman 22 Regulation of Calcium and Magnesium 173 Murray J. Favus and David Goltzman 23 Fetal Calcium Metabolism 180 Christopher S. Kovacs 24 Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23) 188 Kenneth E. White and Michael J. Econs 25 Gonadal Steroids 195 Stavros C. Manolagas, Maria Almeida, and Robert L. Jilka 26 Parathyroid Hormone 208 Robert A. Nissenson and Harald Juppner 27 Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein 215 John J. Wysolmerski 28 Ca2+-Sensing Receptor 224 Edward M. Brown 29 Vitamin D: Production, Metabolism, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Requirements 235 Daniel Bikle, John S. Adams, and Sylvia Christakos Section IV: Investigation of Metabolic Bone Diseases 249 Section Editor Douglas C. Bauer 30 DXA in Adults and Children 251 Glen Blake, Judith E. Adams, and Nick Bishop 31 Quantitative Computed Tomography in Children and Adults 264 C.C. Gluer 32 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone 277 Sharmila Majumdar 33 Radionuclide Scintigraphy in Metabolic Bone Disease 283 Gary J.R. Cook, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, and Ignac Fogelman 34 FRAX(R): Assessment of Fracture Risk 289 John A Kanis 35 Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Osteoporosis 297 Pawel Szulc, Douglas C. Bauer, and Richard Eastell 36 Bone Biopsy and Histomorphometry in Clinical Practice 307 Robert R. Recker 37 Diagnosis and Classifi cation of Vertebral Fracture 317 James F. Griffi th, Judith E. Adams, and Harry K. Genant 38 Approaches to Genetic Testing 336 Christina Jacobsen, Yiping Shen, and Ingrid A. Holm Section V: Osteoporosis 343 Section Editors Paul D. Miller and Socrates E. Papapoulos 39 Osteoporosis Overview 345 Michael Kleerekoper 40 The Epidemiology of Osteoporotic Fractures 348 Nicholas Harvey, Elaine Dennison, and Cyrus Cooper 41 Overview of Pathogenesis 357 Ian R. Reid 42 Nutrition and Osteoporosis 361 Connie M. Weaver and Robert P. Heaney 43 The Role of Sex Steroids in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis 367 Matthew T. Drake and Sundeep Khosla 44 Translational Genetics of Osteoporosis: From Population Association to Individualized Prognosis 376 Bich H. Tran, Jacqueline R. Center, and Tuan V. Nguyen 45 Prevention of Falls 389 Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari 46 Exercise and the Prevention of Osteoporosis 396 Clinton T. Rubin, Janet Rubin, and Stefan Judex 47 Calcium and Vitamin D 403 Bess Dawson-Hughes 48 Estrogens, Estrogen Agonists/Antagonists, and Calcitonin 408 Nelson B. Watts 49 Bisphosphonates for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 412 Socrates E. Papapoulos 50 Denosumab 420 Michael R. McClung 51 Parathyroid Hormone Treatment for Osteoporosis 428 Felicia Cosman and Susan L. Greenspan 52 Strontium Ranelate in the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures 437 Rene Rizzoli 53 Combination Anabolic and Antiresorptive Therapy for Osteoporosis 444 John P. Bilezikian and Natalie E. Cusano 54 Compliance and Persistence with Osteoporosis Medications 448 Deborah T. Gold 55 Cost-Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Treatment 455 Anna N.A. Tosteson 56 Future Therapies of Osteoporosis 461 Kong Wah Ng and T. John Martin 57 Juvenile Osteoporosis 468 Nick Bishop and Francis H. Glorieux 58 Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Disease 473 Robert S. Weinstein 59 Inflammation-Induced Bone Loss in the Rheumatic Diseases 482 Steven R. Goldring 60 Secondary Osteoporosis: Other Causes 489 Neveen A.T. Hamdy 61 Transplantation Osteoporosis 495 Peter R. Ebeling 62 Osteoporosis in Men 508 Eric S. Orwoll 63 Premenopausal Osteoporosis 514 Adi Cohen and Elizabeth Shane 64 Skeletal Effects of Drugs 520 Juliet Compston 65 Orthopedic Surgical Principles of Fracture Management 527 Manoj Ramachandran and David G. Little 66 Abnormalities in Bone and Calcium Metabolism After Burns 531 Gordon L. Klein Section VI: Disorders of Mineral Homeostasis 535 Section Editors Marie Demay and Suzanne M. Jan de Beur 67 Approach to Parathyroid Disorders 537 John P. Bilezikian 68 Primary Hyperparathyroidism 543 Shonni J. Silverberg 69 Familial Primary Hyperparathyroidism (Including MEN, FHH, and HPT-JT) 553 Andrew Arnold and Stephen J. Marx 70 Non-Parathyroid Hypercalcemia 562 Mara J. Horwitz, Steven P. Hodak, and Andrew F. Stewart 71 Hypocalcemia: Defi nition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management 572 Anne L. Schafer and Dolores Shoback 72 Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism 579 Mishaela R. Rubin and Michael A. Levine 73 Pseudohypoparathyroidism 590 Harald Juppner and Murat Bastepe 74 Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis 601 Mary D. Ruppe and Suzanne M. Jan de Beur 75 Vitamin D Related Disorders 613 Paul Lips, Natasja M. van Schoor, and Nathalie Bravenboer 76 Vitamin D Insuffi ciency and Defi ciency 624 J. Christopher Gallagher 77 Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD MBD) 632 Keith A. Hruska and Michael Seifert 78 Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD MBD) 640 Hala M. Alshayeb and L. Darryl Quarles 79 Disorders of Mineral Metabolism in Childhood 651 Thomas O. Carpenter 80 Paget s Disease of Bone 659 Ethel S. Siris and G. David Roodman Section VII: Cancer and Bone 669 Section Editor Theresa A. Guise 81 Overview of Mechanisms in Cancer Metastases to Bone 671 Gregory A. Clines 82 Clinical and Preclinical Imaging in Osseous Metastatic Disease 677 Geertje van der Horst and Gabri van der Pluijm 83 Metastatic Solid Tumors to Bone 686 Rachelle W. Johnson and Julie A. Sterling 84 Hematologic Malignancies and Bone 694 Rebecca Silbermann and G. David Roodman 85 Osteogenic Osteosarcoma 702 Jianning Tao, Yangjin Bae, Lisa L. Wang, and Brendan Lee 86 Skeletal Complications of Breast and Prostate Cancer Therapies 711 Catherine Van Poznak and Pamela Taxel 87 Bone Cancer and Pain 720 Patrick W. O Donnell and Denis R. Clohisy 88 Radiation Therapy-Induced Osteoporosis 728 Jeffrey S. Willey, Shane A.J. Lloyd, and Ted A. Bateman 89 Skeletal Complications of Childhood Cancer 734 Ingrid A. Holm 90 Treatment and Prevention of Bone Metastases and Myeloma Bone Disease 741 Jean-Jacques Body 91 Radiotherapy of Skeletal Metastases 754 Edward Chow, Luluel M. Khan, and Oyvind S. Bruland 92 Concepts and Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease 760 Kristy Weber and Scott L. Kominsky Section VIII: Sclerosing and Dysplastic Bone Diseases 767 Section Editor Richard W. Keen 93 Sclerosing Bone Disorders 769 Michael P. Whyte 94 Fibrous Dysplasia 786 Michael T. Collins, Mara Riminucci, and Paolo Bianco 95 Osteochondrodysplasias 794 Yasemin Alanay and David L. Rimoin 96 Ischemic and Infi ltrative Disorders 805 Richard W. Keen 97 Tumoral Calcinosis Dermatomyositis 810 Nicholas Shaw 98 Fibrodysplasia Ossifi cans Progressiva 815 Frederick S. Kaplan, Robert J. Pignolo, and Eileen M. Shore 99 Osteogenesis Imperfecta 822 Joan C. Marini 100 Skeletal Manifestations in Marfan Syndrome and Related Disorders of the Connective Tissue 830 Emilio Arteaga-Solis and Francesco Ramirez 101 Enzyme Defects and the Skeleton 838 Michael P. Whyte Section IX: Approach to Nephrolithiasis 843 Section Editor Rajesh V. Thakker 102 Renal Tubular Physiology of Calcium Excretion 845 Peter A. Friedman and David A. Bushinsky 103 Epidemiology of Nephrolithiasis 856 Murray J. Favus 104 Diagnosis and Evaluation of Nephrolithiasis 860 Stephen J. Knohl and Steven J. Scheinman 105 Kidney Stones in the Pediatric Patient 869 Amy E. Bobrowski and Craig B. Langman 106 Treatment of Renal Stones 878 John R. Asplin 107 Genetic Basis of Renal Stones 884 Rajesh V. Thakker Section X: Oral and Maxillofacial Biology and Pathology 893 Section Editor Laurie K. McCauley 108 Development of the Craniofacial Skeleton 895 Maiko Matsui and John Klingensmith 109 Development and Structure of Teeth and Periodontal Tissues 904 Petros Papagerakis and Thimios Mitsiadis 110 Craniofacial Disorders Affecting the Dentition: Genetic 914 Yong-Hee P. Chun, Paul H. Krebsbach, and James P. Simmer 111 Pathology of the Hard Tissues of the Jaws 922 Paul C. Edwards 112 Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaws 929 Hani H. Mawardi, Nathaniel S. Treister, and Sook-Bin Woo 113 Periodontal Diseases and Oral Bone Loss 941 Mary G. Lee and Keith L. Kirkwood 114 Oral Manifestations of Metabolic Bone Diseases 948 Roberto Civitelli and Charles Hildebolt Section XI: The Skeleton and Its Integration with Other Tissues 959 Section Editor Mone Zaidi 115 Central Neuronal Control of Bone Remodeling 961 Shu Takeda and Paul Baldock 116 The Pituitary Bone Connection 969 Mone Zaidi, Tony Yuen, Li Sun, Terry F. Davies, Alberta Zallone, and Harry C. Blair 117 Skeletal Muscle Effects on the Skeleton 978 William J. Evans 118 Glucose Control and Integration by the Skeleton 986 Patricia Ducy and Gerard Karsenty 119 Obesity and Skeletal Mass 993 Sue Shapses and Deeptha Sukumar 120 Neuropsychiatric Disorders and the Skeleton 1002 Itai Bab and Raz Yirmiya 121 Vascular Disease and the Skeleton 1012 Dwight A. Towler 122 Spinal Cord Injury: Skeletal Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues 1018 William A. Bauman and Christopher P. Cardozo 123 Hematopoiesis and Bone 1028 Benjamin J. Frisch and Laura M. Calvi 124 Bone and Immune Cell Interactions 1036 Brendan F. Boyce Index 1043

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Book SynopsisMusculoskeletal X-rays for Medical Students provides the key principles and skills needed for the assessment of normal and abnormal musculoskeletal radiographs. With a focus on concise information and clear visual presentation, it uses a unique colour overlay system to clearly present abnormalities.Table of ContentsPreface, vii Acknowledgements, viii Part 1: Introduction, 1 1 Musculoskeletal X-rays, 3 Introduction, 3 Basic principles of requesting plain radiographs of bones and joints, 4 Basic principles of examining and reporting plain radiographs of bones and joints, 6 Normal anatomy on musculoskeletal X-rays, 8 Part 2: Pathology, 21 2 Trauma, 23 Bone and joint injuries, 23 Specific injuries, 41 Spine, 58 Paediatric fractures, 67 Fractures in child abuse, 73 Further reading, 76 3 Arthritis, 77 Osteoarthritis, 77 Rheumatoid arthritis, 80 Crystal arthropathy, 83 Gout, 83 Calcium pyrophosphate disease, 86 Psoriatic arthritis, 91 Axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis), 95 4 Tumours and tumour-like lesions, 98 Radiological evaluation of the patient, 98 X-rays – general principles, 101 Malignant tumours, 105 Bone metastases, 105 Multiple myeloma, 107 Plasmacytoma, 108 Osteosarcoma, 110 Chondrosarcoma, 111 Ewing’s sarcoma, 113 Benign tumours, 114 Exostosis (Osteochondroma), 115 Osteoid osteoma, 116 Tumour-like lesions, 117 Simple bone cyst, 118 Infection, 119 5 Metabolic bone disease, 120 Osteoporosis, 120 Osteomalacia, 121 Hyperparathyroidism, 122 Chronic kidney disease metabolic bone disorder, 124 Haemochromatosis, 126 6 Infection, 128 Routes of spread, 128 Causative organisms, 128 Osteomyelitis, 129 Septic arthritis, 134 Infective discitis, 136 7 Non-traumatic paediatric conditions, 138 Developmental dysplasia of the hip, 138 Perthes’ disease, 140 Tarsal coalition, 141 Osteochondritis dissecans, 143 8 Other bone pathology, 144 Paget’s disease of bone, 144 Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (HOA), 147 Avascular necrosis, 147 9 Joint replacement, 149 Hardware failure and aseptic loosening, 149 Infection, 154 Malalignment and instability, 155 Periprosthetic fracture, 156 Part 3, 157 Self-assessment questions, 159 Self-assessment answers, 172 Index, 185

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Book SynopsisThe first complete textbook and atlas of the vitally important technique of bone age assessment utilizing MRI for children''s hand and wrist This latest volume in the growing Wiley Current Clinical Imaging series is a must-have resource that collects, in a single volume, all that is currently known and applicable about the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of bone age. Presented in two parts, Text-Atlas of Skeletal Age Determination: MRI of the Hand and Wrist in Children first focuses on the anatomic, social, and legal aspects of bone age, providing a concise overview of the use of bone age determination in medical, legal, and social systems.??It then covers the clinical use and application of MRI in assessing bone age. The book offers complete chapter coverage on endocrinology, puberty, and disorders of pubertal development; bone marrow maturation in healthy and diseased states; growth failure and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease; sTable of ContentsContributors, ix Introduction, xiii Preface, xv 1 Anatomic Aspects of Bone Ossifi cation and their Magnetic Resonance Counterparts, 1Guido Carpino, Ernesto Tomei, Richard C. Semelka, and Eugenio Gaudio 2 Bone Age: Medico-legal Issues, 7Serenella Serinelli, Paolo Arbarello, Sofia Battisti, Ernesto Tomei, and Richard C. Semelka 3 Endocrinology, Puberty, and Disorders of Pubertal Development, 17Antonio Radicioni, Gilda Ruga, Sofia Battisti, Richard C. Semelka, Ernesto Tomei, and Andrea Lenzi 4 MR Assessment of Skeletal Age in Healthy Children, 23Ernesto Tomei, Sofia Battisti, Milvia Martino, and Richard C. Semelka 5 Maturation of Individual Bones of the Hand and Wrist in Healthy Children, 57Milvia Martino, Sofia Battisti, Richard C. Semelka, and Ernesto Tomei 6 Musculoskeletal Findings in Young Athletes, 77Sofia Battisti, Milvia Martino, Alessandro Sartori, Ernesto Tomei, and Richard C. Semelka 7 Bone Marrow Maturation in Healthy and Diseased States, 85Sofia Battisti, Ernesto Tomei, Antonello Rubini, Milvia Martino, Andrea Laghi, and Richard C. Semelka 8 Nutrition and Growth, 93Silvia Migliaccio, Sofia Battisti, Alessandro Pinto, Lorenzo Maria Donini, Ernesto Tomei, and Richard C. Semelka 9 MRI Skeletal Age Estimation in Celiac Disease, 99Monica Montuori, Maria Bavestrelli, Margherita Bonamico, Milvia Martino, Richard C. Semelka, and Ernesto Tomei 10 Growth Failure and Pediatric Infl ammatory Bowel Disease, 105Marina Aloi, Salvatore Cucchiara, Milvia Martino, Richard C. Semelka, and Ernesto Tomei 11 Adult Bone Diseases That Begin in Childhood, 109Salvatore Minisola, Vincenzo Carnevale, Najwa Al Ansari, Ernesto Tomei, and Richard C. Semelka 12 Skeletal Findings in Neurometabolic Disease, 117Mario Mastrangelo, Sara Bertino, Sofia Battisti, Richard C. Semelka, Ernesto Tomei, and Vincenzo Leuzzi 13 Skeletal Findings in Genetic Disease, 123Luigi Tarani, Natascia Liberati, Chiara Mancini, Francesca Mancini, Michela Martini, Chiara Mattiucci,Giovanni Parlapiano, Leonardo Pimpolari, Richard C. Semelka, and Fiorenza Colloridi 14 Skeletal Findings in Pediatric Oncology Patients, 133Anna Clerico, Giulia Varrasso, Carlo Alberto Cappelli, Milvia Martino, Richard C. Semelka, and Ernesto Tomei 15 Bone Mineral Density Measured with DXA Method in Pediatric Infl ammatory Bowel Diseases, 137Carlina V. Albanese and Richard C. Semelka 16 MRI of the Symptomatic Hand and Wrist, 143Daniel B. Nissman 17 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Principles and Techniques, 149Daniel B. Nissman and Brian M. Dale Index, 155 A color plate section falls between pages 144 and 145

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Book SynopsisThe authoritative reference to bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism, revised and updated Now in its ninth edition,The Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolismoffers anupdated and comprehensive guide tobone and mineral health. Since it was first published 30 years ago, the Primer has become the leading reference on the topic. With contributions from noted experts, the text explores basic biological factors of healthy development and disease states and makes the information accessible for clinical interventions. The ninth edition provides concise coverage of the widest possible spectrum of metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. The new edition of this invaluable reference expands coverage and includes the most recent developments in the field that help to strengthen its usefulness and ensure that thePrimer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolismmaintains its place as the pre-eminent referencTable of ContentsContributors xi Preface to the Ninth Edition of the Primer:John P. Bilezikian xxiv About ASBMR xxv President’s Preface Michael J. Econs xxvi About the Companion Website xxvii Section I Molecular and Cellular Determinants of Bone Structure and Function 1Section Editor Karen Lyons 1 Early Skeletal Morphogenesis in Embryonic Development 3Yingzi Yang 2 Endochondral Ossification 12Courtney M. Karner and Matthew J. Hilton 3 Local and Circulating Osteoprogenitor Cells and Lineages 20Naomi Dirckx and Christa Maes 4 Osteoblasts Function, Development, and Regulation 31Elizabeth W. Bradley, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Andre J. van Wijnen, and Amel Dudakovic 5 Osteocytes 38Lynda F. Bonewald 6 Osteoclast Biology and Bone Resorption 46Hiroshi Takayanagi 7 Signal Transduction Cascades Controlling Osteoblast Differentiation 54David J.J. de Gorter, Gonzalo Sánchez‐Duffhues, and Peter ten Dijke 8 The TGF‐β Superfamily in Bone Formation and Maintenance 60Ce Shi and Yuji Mishina 9 Recent Developments in Understanding the Role of Wnt Signaling in Skeletal Development and Disease 68Zhendong A. Zhong, Nicole J. Ethen, and Bart O. Williams 10 Mechanotransduction in Bone Formation and Maintenance 75Whitney A. Bullock, Lilian I. Plotkin, Alexander G. Robling, and Fredrick M. Pavalko 11 The Composition of Bone 84Adele L. Boskey and Pamela G. Robey 12 Assessment of Bone Mass, Structure, and Quality in Rodents 93Jeffry S. Nyman and Deepak Vashishth 13 Skeletal Healing Cellular and Molecular Determinants 101Alayna E. Loiselle and Michael J. Zuscik 14 Biomechanics of Fracture Healing 108Elise F. Morgan, Amira I. Hussein, and Thomas A. Einhorn Section II Skeletal Physiology 115Section Editor Ego Seeman 15 Human Fetal and Neonatal Bone Development 117Tao Yang, Monica Grover, Kyu Sang Joeng, and Brendan Lee 16 Skeletal Growth a Major Determinant of Bone’s Structural Diversity in Women and Men 123Ego Seeman 17 Racial Differences in the Acquisition and Age‐related Loss of Bone Strength 131Shane A. Norris, Marcella D. Walker, Kate Ward, Lisa K. Micklesfield, and John M. Pettifor 18 Calcium, Vitamin D, and Other Nutrients During Growth 135Tania Winzenberg and Graeme Jones 19 Mechanical Loading and the Developing Skeleton 141Mark R. Forwood 20 Pregnancy and Lactation 147Christopher S. Kovacs and Henry M. Kronenberg 21 Menopause and Age‐related Bone Loss 155Carlos M. Isales and Ego Seeman Section III Mineral Homeostasis 163Section Editors David Goltzman and Harald Jüppner 22 Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis 165Line Vautour and David Goltzman 23 Magnesium Homeostasis 173Aliya Aziz Khan, Asiya Sbayi, and Karl Peter Schlingmann 24 Fetal Calcium Metabolism 179Christopher S. Kovacs 25 FGF23 and the Regulation of Phosphorus Metabolism 187Kenneth E. White and Michael J. Econs 26 Gonadal Steroids 194Stavros C. Manolagas and Maria Schuller Almeida 27 Parathyroid Hormone 205Thomas J. Gardella, Robert A. Nissenson, and Harald Jüppner 28 Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein 212John J. Wysolmerski and T. John Martin 29 Calcium‐Sensing Receptor 221Geoffrey N. Hendy 30 Vitamin D Production, Metabolism, Action, and Clinical Requirements 230Daniel D. Bikle, John S. Adams, and Sylvia Christakos Section IV Investigation of Metabolic Bone Diseases 241Section Editors Douglas C. Bauer and Klaus Engelke 31 Techniques of Bone Mass Measurement in Children with Risk Factors for Osteoporosis 243Nicola J. Crabtree and Leanne M. Ward 32 Standard Techniques of Bone Mass Measurement in Adults 252E. Michael Lewiecki, Paul D. Miller, and Nelson B. Watts 33 Advanced Techniques of Bone Mass Measurements and Strength in Adults 260Kyle K. Nishiyama, Enrico Dall’Ara, and Klaus Engelke 34 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone 272Sharmila Majumdar 35 Trabecular Bone Score 277Barbara C. Silva and William D. Leslie 36 Reference Point Indentation 287Adolfo Diez‐Perez and Joshua N. Farr 37 Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Osteoporosis 293Pawel Szulc, Douglas C. Bauer, and Richard Eastell 38 Scintigraphy and PET in Metabolic Bone Disease 302Lorenzo Nardo, Paola A. Erba, and Benjamin L. Franc 39 Bone Histomorphometry in Clinical Practice 310Robert R. Recker and Carolina Aguiar Moreira 40 Diagnosis and Classification of Vertebral Fracture 319James F. Griffith and Harry K. Genant 41 FRAX Assessment of Fracture Risk 331John A. Kanis, Eugene V. McCloskey, Nicholas C. Harvey, and William D. Leslie Section V Genetics of Bone 341Section Editor Rajesh V. Thakker 42 Introduction to Genetics 343Paul J. Newey, Michael P. Whyte, and Rajesh V. Thakker 43 Animal Models Genetic Manipulation 351Karen Lyons 44 Animal Models Allelic Determinants for Bone Mineral Density 359J. H. Duncan Bassett, Graham R. Williams, and Robert D. Blank 45 Transcriptional Profiling for Genetic Assessment 367Aimy Sebastian and Gabriela G. Loots 46 Approaches to Genetic Testing 373Christina Jacobsen, Yiping Shen, and Ingrid A. Holm 47 Human Genome‐Wide Association Studies 378Douglas P. Kiel, Emma L. Duncan, and Fernando Rivadeneira 48 Translational Genetics of Osteoporosis From Population Association to Individualized Assessment 385Bich Tran, Jacqueline R. Center, and Tuan V. Nguyen Section VI Osteoporosis 393Section Editors Paul D. Miller, Socrates E. Papapoulos, and Michael R. McClung 49 Osteoporosis an Overview 395Michael R. McClung, Paul D. Miller, and Socrates E. Papapoulos 50 The Epidemiology of Osteoporotic Fractures 398Nicholas C. Harvey, Elizabeth M. Curtis, Elaine M. Dennison, and Cyrus Cooper 51 Fracture Liaison Service 405Piet Geusens, John A. Eisman, Andrea Singer, and Joop van den Bergh 52 Sex Steroids and the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis 412Matthew T. Drake and Sundeep Khosla 53 Juvenile Osteoporosis 419Francis H. Glorieux and Craig Munns 54 Transplantation Osteoporosis 424Peter R. Ebeling 55 Premenopausal Osteoporosis 436Adi Cohen and Elizabeth Shane 56 Osteoporosis in Men 443Eric S. Orwoll and Robert A. Adler 57 Bone Stress Injuries 450Stuart J. Warden and David B. Burr 58 Inflammation‐Induced Bone Loss in the Rheumatic Diseases 459 Ellen M. Gravallese and Steven R. Goldring 59 Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis 467Kenneth Saag and Robert A. Adler 60 Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Bone 474Michael T. Yin and Todd T. Brown 61 Effects on the Skeleton from Medications Used to Treat Nonskeletal Disorders 482Nelson B. Watts 62 Diabetes and Fracture Risk 487Serge Ferrari, Nicola Napoli, and Ann Schwartz 63 Obesity and Skeletal Health 492Juliet Compston 64 Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis 498Gustavo Duque and Neil Binkley 65 Management of Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease 505Paul D. Miller 66 Other Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis 510Neveen A. T. Hamdy and Natasha M. Appelman‐Dijkstra 67 Exercise for Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention and Management 517Robin M. Daly and Lora Giangregorio 68 Prevention of Falls 526Heike A. Bischoff‐Ferrari 69 Nutritional Support for Osteoporosis 534Connie M. Weaver, Bess Dawson‐Hughes, Rene Rizzoli, and Robert P. Heaney 70 Estrogens, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, and Tissue‐Selective Estrogen Complex 541Tobias J. de Villiers 71 Bisphosphonates for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 545Andrea Giusti and Socrates E. Papapoulos 72 Denosumab 553Aline Granja Costa, E. Michael Lewiecki, and John P. Bilezikian 73 Parathyroid Hormone and Abaloparatide Treatment for Osteoporosis 559Felicia Cosman and Susan L. Greenspan 74 Combination Anabolic and Antiresorptive Therapy for Osteoporosis 567Joy N. Tsai and Benjamin Z. Leder 75 Strontium Ranelate and Calcitonin 573Leonardo Bandeira and E. Michael Lewiecki 76 Adverse Effects of Drugs for Osteoporosis 579Bo Abrahamsen and Daniel Prieto‐Alhambra 77 Orthopedic Principles of Fracture Management 588Manoj Ramachandran and David G. Little 78 Adherence to Osteoporosis Therapies 593Stuart L. Silverman and Deborah T. Gold 79 Cost‐Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Treatment 597Anna N.A. Tosteson 80 Future Therapies 603Michael R. McClung Section VII Metabolic Bone Diseases 611Section Editors Suzanne M. Jan de Beur and Peter R. Ebeling 81 Approach to Parathyroid Disorders 613John P. Bilezikian 82 Primary Hyperparathyroidism 619Shonni J. Silverberg, Francisco Bandeira, Jianmin Liu, Claudio Marcocci, and Marcella D. Walker 83 Familial States of Primary Hyperparathyroidism 629Andrew Arnold, Sunita K. Agarwal, and Rajesh V. Thakker 84 Non‐Parathyroid Hypercalcemia 639Mara J. Horwitz 85 Hypocalcemia Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management 646Anne L. Schafer and Dolores M. Shoback 86 Hypoparathyroidism 654Tamara Vokes, Mishaela R. Rubin, Karen K. Winer, Michael Mannstadt, Natalie E. Cusano, Harald Jüppner, and John P. Bilezikian 87 Pseudohypoparathyroidism 661Agnès Linglart, Michael A. Levine, and Harald Jüppner 88 Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis 674Mary D. Ruppe and Suzanne M. Jan de Beur 89 Rickets and Osteomalacia 684Michaël R. Laurent, Nathalie Bravenboer, Natasja M. Van Schoor, Roger Bouillon, John M. Pettifor, and Paul Lips 90 Pathophysiology and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone Disorder 695Mark R. Hanudel, Sharon M. Moe, and Isidro B. Salusky 91 Disorders of Mineral Metabolism in Childhood 705Thomas O. Carpenter and Nina S. Ma 92 Paget Disease of Bone 713Julia F. Charles, Ethel S. Siris, and G. David Roodman 93 Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Nephrolithiasis 721Murray J. Favus and David A. Bushinsky 94 Immobilization and Burns Other Conditions Associated with Osteoporosis 730William A. Bauman, Christopher Cardozo, and Gordon L. Klein Section VIII Cancer and Bone 737Section Editors Theresa Guise and G. David Roodman 95 Mechanisms of Osteolytic and Osteoblastic Skeletal Lesions 739G. David Roodman and Theresa Guise 96 Clinical and Preclinical Imaging in Osseous Metastatic Disease 743Siyang Leng and Suzanne Lentzsch 97 Metastatic Tumors and Bone 752Julie A. Sterling and Rachelle W. Johnson 98 Myeloma Bone Disease and Other Hematological Malignancies 760Claire M. Edwards and Rebecca Silbermann 99 Osteogenic Osteosarcoma 768Yangjin Bae, Huan‐Chang Zeng, Linchao Lu, Lisa L. Wang, and Brendan Lee 100 Skeletal Complications of Breast and Prostate Cancer Therapies 775Catherine Van Poznak and Pamela Taxel 101 Bone Cancer and Pain 781Denis Clohisy and Lauren M. MacCormick 102 Radiotherapy‐Induced Osteoporosis 788Laura E. Wright 103 Skeletal Complications of Childhood Cancer 793Manasa Mantravadi and Linda A. DiMeglio 104 Medical Prevention and Treatment of Bone Metastases 799Catherine Handforth, Stella D’Oronzo, and Janet Brown 105 Radiotherapy of Skeletal Metastases 809Srinivas Raman, K. Liang Zeng, Oliver Sartor, Edward Chow, and Øyvind S. Bruland 106 Concepts and Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease 816Kristy Weber and Scott L. Kominsky Section IX Sclerosing and Dysplastic Bone Diseases 823Section Editor Michael P. Whyte 107 Sclerosing Bone Disorders 825Michael P. Whyte 108 Fibrous Dysplasia 839Michael T. Collins, Alison M. Boyce, and Mara Riminucci 109 The Osteochondrodysplasias 848Fabiana Csukasi and Deborah Krakow 110 Ischemic and Infiltrative Disorders of Bone 853Michael P. Whyte 111 Tumoral Calcinosis – Dermatomyositis 861Nicholas J. Shaw 112 Genetic Disorders of Heterotopic Ossification: Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva and Progressive OsseousHeteroplasia 865Frederick S. Kaplan, Robert J. Pignolo, Mona Al Mukaddam, and Eileen M. Shore 113 Osteogenesis Imperfecta 871Joan C. Marini 114 Fibrillinopathies Skeletal Manifestations of Marfan Syndrome and Marfan‐Related Conditions 878Gary S. Gottesman and Michael P. Whyte 115 Hypophosphatasia and Other Enzyme Deficiencies Affecting the Skeleton 886Michael P. Whyte Section X Oral and Maxillofacial Biology and Pathology 891Section Editor Laurie McCauley 116 Craniofacial Morphogenesis 893Erin Ealba Bumann and Vesa Kaartinen 117 Development and Structure of Teeth and Periodontal Teeth 901Petros Papagerakis and Thimios Mitsiadis 118 Genetic Craniofacial Disorders Affecting the Dentition 911Yong‐Hee Patricia Chun, Paul H. Krebsbach, and James P. Simmer 119 Pathology of the Hard Tissues of the Jaws 918Paul C. Edwards 120 Osteonecrosis of the Jaw 927Sotirios Tetradis, Laurie McCauley, and Tara Aghaloo 121 Alveolar Bone Homeostasis in Health and Disease 933Chad M. Novince and Keith L. Kirkwood 122 Oral Manifestations of Metabolic Bone Diseases 941Erica L. Scheller, Charles Hildebolt, and Roberto Civitelli 123 Dental Implants and Osseous Healing in the Oral Cavity 949Takashi Matsuura and Junro Yamashita Section XI Integrative Physiology of the Skeleton 957Section Editors Mone Zaidi and Clifford J. Rosen 124 Integrative Physiology of the Skeleton 959Clifford J. Rosen and Mone Zaidi 125 The Hematopoietic Niche and Bone 966Stavroula Kousteni, Benjamin J. Frisch, Marta Galan‐Diez, and Laura M. Calvi 126 Adipocytes and Bone 974Clarissa S. Craft, Natalie K. Wee, and Erica L. Scheller 127 The Vasculature and Bone 983Marie Hélène Lafage‐Proust and Bernard Roche 128 Immunobiology and Bone 992Roberto Pacifici and M. Neale Weitzmann 129 Cellular Bioenergetics of Bone 1004Wen‐Chih Lee and Fanxin Long 130 Endocrine Bioenergetics of Bone 1012Patricia F. Ducy and Gerard Karsenty 131 Central Neuronal Control of Bone Remodeling 1020Hiroki Ochi, Paul Baldock, and Shu Takeda 132 Peripheral Neuronal Control of Bone Remodeling 1028Katherine J. Motyl and Mary F. Barbe 133 The Pituitary–Bone Axis in Health and Disease 1037Mone Zaidi, Tony Yuen, Wahid Abu‐Amer, Peng Liu, Terry F. Davies, Maria I. New, Harry C. Blair, Alberta Zallone, Clifford J. Rosen, and Li Sun 134 Neuropsychiatric Disorders and the Skeleton 1047Madhusmita Misra and Anne Klibanski 135 Interactions Between Muscle and Bone 1055Marco Brotto Index 1063

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