Medieval Western philosophy Books

Book SynopsisThis new Companion to Aquinas features entirely new chapters written by internationally recognized experts in the field. It shows the power of Aquinas''s philosophical thought and transmits the worldview which he inherited, developed, altered, and argued for, while at the same time revealing to contemporary philosophers the strong connections which there are between Aquinas''s interests and views and their own. Its five sections cover the life and works of Aquinas; his metaphysics, including his understanding of the ultimate foundations of reality; his metaethics and ethics, including his virtue ethics; his account of human nature; his theory of the afterlife; his epistemology and his theory of the intellectual virtues; his view of the nature of free will and the relation of grace to free will; and finally some key components of his philosophical theology, including the incarnation and atonement, Christology, and the nature of original sin.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Eleonore Stump, Thomas Joseph White, OP; Part I. Life and works: 1. Thomas Aquinas: a life pursuing wisdom Dominic Legge, OP; Part II. Metaphysics and the ultimate foundation of reality: 2. First principles: hylomorphism and causation Jeffrey Brower; 3. Essence and being, God's simplicity and Trinity Thomas Joseph White, OP; 4. Goodness and being, transcendentals, participation Gaven Kerr; 5. The metaphysics of creation: secondary causality, modern science James Dominic Rooney, OP; 6. The nature of human beings Eleonore Stump; Part III. Epistemology: 7. The nature of cognition and knowledge Therese Cory; 8. Intellectual virtues: acquiring understanding Angela Knobel; 9. Intellect and will: free will and free choice Michael Gorman; Part IV. Ethics: 10. Grace and free will Tobias P. Hoffman; 11. Metaethics and from metaethics to normative ethics Colleen McCluskey; 12. Infused virtues, gifts and fruits Andrew Pinsent; Part V. Philosophical Theology: 13. Original sin Brian Leftow; 14. The incarnation Timothy Pawl; 15. Evil, sin, and redemption Thomas Williams; 16. Resurrection and eschatology Simon Gaine, OP.

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Book SynopsisThomas Aquinas''s Questions on the passions form part of the Summa Theologiae, Aquinas''s best-known work. This first standalone edition shows, through a translation that is both rigorously accurate and mirrors the rapid tempo of Aquinas''s Latin, what Aquinas says in his landmark treatment of the passions. Aquinas sets the parameters and terms of debate for numerous later theorists of the passions, including Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza and Hume. Some have alleged that Paul and later Christians have (in Nietzsche''s words) ?an evil eye for the passions,? judging them as ''dirty, disfiguring and heartbreaking''. Yet readers of the present translation will perceive that Aquinas regards the passions as part of created nature, and thereby good in their essence. As they encounter Aquinas''s treatment, they will also deepen their knowledge of particular passions-including love, hatred, desire, aversion, pleasure, sorrow, hope, despair, fear, and anger.

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Book SynopsisSaint Bonaventure''s Journey of the Soul into God is one of the most important works in the Christian mystical tradition. Highly regarded for it clarity, rational organization, and subtle insights, it is also one of the key theological treatises of the high Middle Ages. In this volume, Randall Smith provides the first comprehensive commentary in English of Bonaventure''s classic text. He situates the work within its historical, intellectual, and cultural contexts, showing how a consideration of Bonaventure''s sources helps us appreciate his text. Smith also provides an extended analysis not only of the intellectual content of the Journey of the Soul into God, but also its structure and creative use of imagery. Analyzing how Bonaventure employed and adapted the methods of thirteenth century sermo modernus-style of preaching to produce a deftly condensed work, he demonstrates how his text is at once a profound work of mysticism as well as a sophisticated and thoughtful work of medieval theology.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers an original contribution to debates about the problem of evil and the existence of God. It develops a Thomistic, Christian theodicy, the aim of which is to help us better understand not only why God allows evil, but also how God works to redeem it.In the authorâs view, the existence of evil does not generate any intellectual problem that theists must address or solve to vindicate God or the rationality of theism. This is because acknowledging the existence of evil rationally leads us to acknowledge the existence of God. However, understanding how these two facts are compatible still requires addressing weighty, wide-ranging questions concerning God and evil. The author draws on diverse elements of Aquinasâs philosophy and theology to build an argument that evil only exists within Godâs world because God has created and continues to sustain so much good. Moreover, God can and does bring good out of all evil, both cosmically and within the context of our own, i

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Book SynopsisThis book argues that the moral quality of an act comes from the agentâs inner states. By arguing for the indispensable relevance of intention in the moral evaluation of acts, the book moves against a mainstream, objective approach in normative ethics.It is commonly held that the intentions, knowledge, and volition of agents are irrelevant to the moral permissibility of their acts. This book stresses that the capacities of agency, rather than simply the label agent, must be engaged during an act if its moral evaluation is to be coherent. The author begins with an ontological argument that an act is a motion or a causing of change in something else. He argues that the source of an actâs moral meaning is in the agent: specifically, what the agent, if aware of relevant facts around her, aims to accomplish. He then moves to a series of critical chapters that consider arguments for mainstream approaches to act evaluation, including Thomsonâs dismissal of the agent knowledge and vo

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the key themes in Greek and Roman science, medicine, mathematics and technology. A distinguished team of specialists engage with topics including the role of observation and experiment, Presocratic natural philosophy, ancient creationism, and the special style of ancient Greek mathematical texts, while several chapters confront key questions in the philosophy of science such as the relationship between evidence and explanation. The volume will spark renewed discussion about the character of ''ancient'' versus ''modern'' science, and will broaden readers'' understanding of the rich traditions of ancient Greco-Roman natural philosophy, science, medicine and mathematics.Trade Review'… this Cambridge Companion is an excellent introductory guide to many areas of science-style inquiry in classical antiquity, and it is especially useful for less well known domains like botany, music, mechanics, or meteorology. In another way its authors' diverse choices offer a snapshot of our current relationship to Greco-Roman philosophical and scientific activity: our questions about its history are open-ended, even if a high proportion of them are still about Aristotle.' Philippa Lang Isis, Isis, a Journal of the History of Science SocietyTable of ContentsIntroduction Liba Taub; 1. Presocratic natural philosophy Patricia Curd; 2. Reason, experience and art: the Gorgias and On Ancient Medicine James Allen; 3. Towards a science of life: the cosmological method, teleology and living things Klaus Corcilius; 4. Aristotle on the matter for birth, life and the elements David Ebrey; 5. From craft to nature: the emergence of natural teleology Thomas Johansen; 6. Creationism in antiquity David Sedley; 7. What's a plant? Laurence M. V. Totelin; 8. Meteorology Monte Ransome Johnson; 9. Ancient Greek mathematics Nathan Sidoli; 10. Astronomy in its contexts Liba Taub; 11. Ancient Greek mechanics and the mechanical hypothesis Sylvia Berryman; 12. Measuring musical beauty: instruments, reason and perception in ancient harmonics Massimo Raffa; 13. Ancient Greek historiography of science Leonid Zhmud.

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Book SynopsisThis is a fully revised edition of one of the most successful volumes in the Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought series. Incorporating extensive updates to the editorial apparatus, including the introduction, suggestions for further reading, and footnotes, this third edition of More's Utopia has been comprehensively re-worked to take into account scholarship published since the second edition in 2002. The vivid and engaging translation of the work itself by Robert M. Adams includes all the ancillary materials by More's fellow humanists that, added to the book at his own request, collectively constitute the first and best interpretive guide to Utopia. Unlike other teaching editions of Utopia, this edition keeps interpretive commentary - whether editorial annotations or the many pungent marginal glosses that are an especially attractive part of the humanist ancillary materials - on the page they illuminate instead of relegating them to endnotes, and provides students withTrade Review'Adams and Logan's edition has always stood head and shoulders above the crowd for its fluent translation and scrupulous annotation, now superbly updated for the 500th anniversary of the initial publication of More's masterpiece. The ideal edition for students in all disciplines of the humanities.' John Guy, Clare College, CambridgeTable of ContentsPreface; Textual practices; Introduction; Chronology; Suggestions for further reading; Thomas More to Peter Giles; Book I; Book II; Ancillary materials from the first four editions; Index.

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Book SynopsisHegel's Encyclopaedia Logic contains the most explicit formulation of his enduringly influential dialectical method and of the categorical system underlying his thought. This volume presents it in a new translation with a helpful introduction and notes.Trade Review"....Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline is an outstanding and inspiring guide through Hegel’s work. This book is a very valuable resource and will spark an industry of debate and elaboration." --George Lazaroiu, PhD, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities and Social SciencesTable of ContentsIntroduction: Hegel's Encyclopaedia Logic; Translators' note; Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline: Volume 1: Logic by G. W. F. Hegel: Preface to the first edition; Preface to the second edition; Foreword to the third edition; Introduction; Preliminary conception; First subdivision of the logic: the doctrine of being; Second subdivision of the logic: the doctrine of essence; Third subdivision of the logic: the doctrine of the concept; Glossary.

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Book SynopsisThis is a fully revised edition of one of the most successful volumes in the Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought series. Incorporating extensive updates to the editorial apparatus, including the introduction, suggestions for further reading, and footnotes, this third edition of More's Utopia has been comprehensively re-worked to take into account scholarship published since the second edition in 2002. The vivid and engaging translation of the work itself by Robert M. Adams includes all the ancillary materials by More's fellow humanists that, added to the book at his own request, collectively constitute the first and best interpretive guide to Utopia. Unlike other teaching editions of Utopia, this edition keeps interpretive commentary - whether editorial annotations or the many pungent marginal glosses that are an especially attractive part of the humanist ancillary materials - on the page they illuminate instead of relegating them to endnotes, and provides students withTrade Review'Adams and Logan's edition has always stood head and shoulders above the crowd for its fluent translation and scrupulous annotation, now superbly updated for the 500th anniversary of the initial publication of More's masterpiece. The ideal edition for students in all disciplines of the humanities.' John Guy, Clare College, CambridgeTable of ContentsPreface; Textual practices; Introduction; Chronology; Suggestions for further reading; Thomas More to Peter Giles; Book I; Book II; Ancillary materials from the first four editions; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis collection of specially commissioned new essays philosophically examines Aquinas's major work on evil. The first book-length English-language study of Aquinas's work on evil, the chapters examine a diverse range of issues relevant to disciplines including medieval philosophy, ethics, philosophy of action, metaphysics, history of philosophy, and theology.Trade Review'This volume contains insightful and well-argued essays … illuminating the nature and application of the claims that Thomas makes in De malo. Readers of Thomas will be grateful for its appearance.' Robert C. Miner, Baylor University, Texas'The collection of essays found in this book examines Aquinas's 'Disputed Questions on Evil' from a variety of angles and will be of great interest to those who wish to learn more about the theologian of the Catholic Church. … Recent years have seen an increased interest in Aquinas's 'Disputed Questions on Evil'. This book helps us appreciate all that is distinctive about this great theological work.' Pravin Thevathasan, Catholic Medical QuarterlyTable of ContentsIntroduction M. V. Dougherty; 1. Metaphysical themes in De malo, 1 John F. Wippel; 2. Weakness and willful wrongdoing in Aquinas's De malo Bonnie Kent and Ashley Dressel; 3. Free choice Peter Furlong and Tobias Hoffmann; 4. Venial sin and the ultimate end Steven J. Jensen; 5. The promise and pitfalls of glory: Aquinas on the forgotten vice of vainglory Rebecca Konyndyk DeYoung; 6. The goodness and evil of objects and ends Thomas M. Osborne, Jr; 7. Evil and moral failure in De malo Carl N. Still and Darren E. Dahl; 8. Attention, intentionality, and mind-reading in Aquinas's De malo, q. 16, a. 8 Therese Scarpelli Cory; 9. Evil as privation: the Neoplatonic background to Aquinas's De malo, 1 Fran O'Rourke; 10. Moral luck and the capital vices in De malo: gluttony and lust M. V. Dougherty; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisAnyone interested in the history of logic, and the history of philosophy more generally, will greatly benefit from this volume which focuses on an extremely rich period in the history of logic: the medieval period. A must-read for students as well as scholars of the history of philosophy.Table of ContentsList of contributors; Introduction Catarina Dutilh Novaes and Stephen Read; Part I. Periods and Traditions: 1. The legacy of ancient logic in the Middle Ages Julie Brumberg-Chaumont; 2. Arabic logic up to Avicenna Ahmad Hasnawi and Wilfrid Hodges; 3. Arabic logic after Avicenna Khaled El-Rouayheb; 4. Latin period up to 1200 Ian Wilks; 5. Logic in the Latin thirteenth century Sara L. Uckelman and Henrik Lagerlund; 6. Logic in the Latin West in the fourteenth century Stephen Read; 7. The post-medieval period E. Jennifer Ashworth; Part II. Themes: 8. Logica vetus Margaret Cameron; 9. Supposition and properties of terms Christoph Kann; 10. Propositions: their meaning and truth Laurent Cesalli; 11. Sophisms and insolubles Mikko Yrjönsuuri and Elizabeth Coppock; 12. The syllogism and its transformations Paul Thom; 13. Consequence Gyula Klima; 14. The logic of modality Riccardo Strobino and Paul Thom; 15. Obligationes Catarina Dutilh Novaes and Sara L. Uckelman; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a rich and fascinating overview of medieval debates on moral dilemmas which were pursued by philosophers, theologians and canon lawyers. It will be valuable not only to advanced students and specialists of medieval thought, but also to those interested in the history of ethics.Trade Review'Dougherty's exposition and choice of figures is excellent. The reconstruction of Aquinas is also highly plausible and valuable … But perhaps the chief value of the study for contemporary theorists is to be found in the very richness of the medieval treatments of moral dilemmas, a richness which Dougherty manages to convey with admirable skill.' Stephen Boulter, Philosophy in Review'This book attempts to correct the impression one may gain from many histories of ethics that sophisticated moral dilemma theory did not exist in the Middle Ages. M. V. Dougherty examines the debates in the years following 1150 among philosophers, theologians, and canon lawyers. He shows that moral dilemmas were discussed in these debates, given that some human wrongdoing is inescapable and one must choose the lesser evils.' The European Legacy: Toward New ParadigmsTable of ContentsPreface; Introduction; 1. Gratian and his Glossators on conflicts in the natural law; 2. Twenty moral dilemmas from two early 13th-century summaries of theology: William of Auxerre's Summa aurea and the Franciscan Summa Halesiana; 3. Raymond Lull and moral ensnarement in the Vita coaetanea; 4. Thomas Aquinas, moral dilemmas, and a missing article from Quodlibet XII; 5. Thomas Aquinas on failures of practical reasoning: why synderesis doesn't inoculate agents against malformed conscience dilemmas; 6. Moral dilemmas in the early Thomistic tradition: Johannes Capreolus and the deceiving demon dilemma; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis rich and comprehensive volume surveys and illuminates the numerous and complicated interconnections between philosophical and scientific thought as both were radically transformed in the period from the late sixteenth to the mid-eighteenth century.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines tragedy and tragic philosophy from the Greeks through Shakespeare to the present day. It explores key themes in the links between suffering and ethics through postcolonial literature. Ato Quayson reconceives how we think of World literature under the singular and fertile rubric of tragedy. He draws from many key works Oedipus Rex, Philoctetes, Medea, Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear to establish the main contours of tragedy. Quayson uses Shakespeare''s Othello, Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Tayeb Salih, Arundhati Roy, Toni Morrison, Samuel Beckett and J.M. Coetzee to qualify and expand the purview and terms by which Western tragedy has long been understood. Drawing on key texts such as The Poetics and The Nicomachean Ethics, and augmenting them with Frantz Fanon and the Akan concept of musuo (taboo), Quayson formulates a supple, insightful new theory of ethical choice and the impediments against it. This is a major book from a leading critic in literary studies.Trade Review'… [This book] is a powerful insight, suggestive enough, one would have thought, to fuel a book-length inquiry into the distinctiveness of postcolonial tragedy.' Rajeswari Sunder Rajan, Modern Philology'The book's connections to the fields of literature, philosophy, and history are apparent, as is its layered, meticulously crafted thesis. Relevant and applicable to a variety of critical reassessments in various fields within the humanities. Recommended.' J. Neal, Choice'The contribution of Ato Quayson's book is undoubtedly found in the dialogue and the pooling of plural knowledge, reporting on the suffering and ethnic discriminations of which colonized populations have been victims.' Jean Zaganiaris, Anabases (translated from French)JeanTable of Contents1. Introduction. Tragedy and the maze of moments; 2. Shakespeare: Ethical cosmopolitanism and Shakespeare's Othello; 3. Chinua Achebe: History and the conscription to colonial modernity in Chinua Achebe's rural novels; 4. Wole Soyinka: Ritual dramaturgy and the social imaginary in Wole Soyinka's tragic theatre; 5. Tayeb Salih: Archetypes, self-authorship, and melancholia: Tayeb Salih's Seasons of Migration to the North; 6. Toni Morrison: Form, freedom and ethical choice in Toni Morrison's Beloved; 7. J. M. Coetzee: On moral residue and the affliction of second thoughts: J.M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians; 8. Arundhati Roy: Enigmatic variations, language games and the arrested bildungsroman: Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things; 9. Samuel Beckett: Distressed embodiment and the burdens of boredom: Samuel Beckett's Postcolonialism; 10. Conclusion: Postcolonial tragedy and the question of method.

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Book SynopsisJanet Soskice is one of the leading religious philosophers in the English-speaking world. This much- anticipated book deepens her path-breaking work on metaphor and religious language by arguing that we need to reject the notion of 'classical attributes' and return to the venerable theological and philosophical tradition of naming God.Trade Review'Skilfully and insightfully written, this book draws on the inheritance of the author's classic text Metaphor and Religious Language while developing that inheritance in a great many interesting and engaging new directions.' Oliver Davies, King's College London'Naming God offers a powerful critical perspective on some of the most basic historical and theoretical assumptions in modern philosophy of religion and philosophical theology, with significant implications - both methodologically and historically - for the subject as a whole. Impressively wide-ranging, Janet Soskice's important new book makes weighty contributions to several fields. The argument is insightful and the style provocative without being polemical. The author offers mature reflection while bringing a lightness of touch to new perspectives on the reception of the tradition.' Carmody Grey, Durham University'Janet Soskice brings together a professional philosopher's analytical skills with those of an intellectual historian: both strictly in the service of a core theological preoccupation with how, and on what conditions, a theologian may name God. This is an essential book - wonderfully rich and challenging - and the author herself is one of the major philosophical figures of our time.' Denys Turner, Yale University'Splendid … Naming God brings together a professional philosopher's analytical skills with those of an intellectual historian and both strictly in the service of a core theological preoccupation with how, and on what conditions, a theologian may name God. It is a fine achievement.' Denys Turner, The TabletTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Naming God at Sinai. The gift of the name; 3. Philo on knowing and naming God; 4. Creation ex Nihilo as a revolution in Christian metaphysics… and in naming God; 5. Is 'God' the name of God?; 6. Gregory of Nyssa – naming and following God: from mystic vision to ethics; 7. Augustine, Moses and God as being itself; 8. Aquinas: philosophical theology as spiritual practice; 9. Conclusion: calling and being called.

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Book SynopsisWhat is ''truth''? The question that Pilate put to Jesus was laced with dramatic irony. But at a time when what is true and what is untrue have acquired a new currency, the question remains of crucial significance. Is truth a matter of the representation of things which lack truth in themselves? Or of mere coherence? Or is truth a convenient if redundant way of indicating how one''s language refers to things outside oneself? In her ambitious new book, Catherine Pickstock addresses these profound questions, arguing that epistemological approaches to truth either fail argumentatively or else offer only vacuity. She advances instead a bold metaphysical and realist appraisal which overcomes the Kantian impasse of ''subjective knowing'' and ban on reaching beyond supposedly finite limits. Her book contends that in the end truth cannot be separated from the transcendent reality of the thinking soul.Trade Review'This is emphatically an important book – one of the most innovative and wide-ranging essays in philosophical theology to appear in recent years – from a scholar quite capable of tackling the most sophisticated minds of secular academic philosophy on their own ground, and showing that theology has a serious contribution to make to our thinking about thinking. This seriously original work – which addresses the fundamental question of what we think we are doing/claiming when we say we are speaking truthfully – has the capacity to make a major difference in its field.' Rowan Williams, Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge; formerly Archbishop of Canterbury'Aspects of Truth is an original, serious and demanding work that seeks to come to a novel metaphysical perspective on the nature of truth, a perspective both adequate to and informed by Christian liturgy. Over the course of ten chapters, it draws upon the insights and reflects upon the inadequacies it finds in the writings of a great pantheon of philosophical and theological figures. It crosses and re-crosses boundaries between analytic philosophy, continental philosophy and theology. It's an exciting journey to take, in Pickstock's company. Aspects of Truth is provocative and challenging, written in a style that crosses boundaries as much as its arguments. I can think of no other book quite like it.' Fraser McBride, University of Manchester'Readers of Pickstock's work will recognize some of her perennial themes of liturgy, repetition and Platonism, but she utilizes them with a freshness that is only exceeded by the grand scope of her vision.' Tyler Holley, International Journal of Systematic Theology'Many Christians, Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI included, will doubtless welcome Pickstock's robust and philosophically rigorous defence of object truth. While sceptics are unlikely to warm to her insistence on the centrality of Christ, others will see a volume of this kind as exactly what the modern secular world needs.' Jonathan W. Chappell, The FurrowTable of Contents1. Receiving; 2. Exchanging; 3. Mattering; 4. Sensing; 5. Minding; 6. Realising; 7. Thinging; 8. Emptying; 9. Spiriting; 10. Conforming; Post-script.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on a comparative reading of tragedy from the Greeks through Shakespeare to postcolonial examples from Africa, India, Ireland, and the African-American tradition. It will appeal to a wide range of both specialists and non-specialists alike.

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Book SynopsisAugustine's Confessions is one of the most significant works of Western culture. Cast as a long, impassioned conversation with God, it is intertwined with passages of life-narrative and with key theological and philosophical insights. It is enduringly popular, and justly so.The Routledge Guidebook to Augustine's Confessions is an engaging introduction to this spiritually creative and intellectually original work. This guidebook is organized by themes: the importance of language creation and the sensible world memory, time and the self the afterlife of the Confessions. Written for readers approaching the Confessions for the first time, this guidebook addresses the literary, philosophical, historical and theological complexities of the work in a clear and accessible way. Excerpts in both Latin and English from this seminal work are included throughoutTrade Review"The Routledge Guidebook to Augustine’s Confessions is a remarkably lucid and intelligent introduction to one of the most important texts in the history of the Christian West. Through sensitive analysis of the language and structure of the Confessions, Professor Conybeare illuminates the key elements of Augustine’s thought, and brings out the depth and originality of this brilliant work."Sara Lipton, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA"As a guide to reading the Confessions, this book is a beautiful introduction to a classic of Western culture. Conybeare captures the spirit of Augustine's quest for God, confessing what is known and unknown, and invites readers in a delightful way to read much more than Augustine's words."Allan Fitzgerald, Villanova University, USA"When Augustine surrenders himself in confession before God and his audience, he could not have wished for a more sympathetic human hearer than Conybeare. She is no disinterested listener, but engages with the conversation in a way that, in turn, enables her own audience to participate in it. The experience is precisely the transformative one that Augustine intended his Confessions to be." Carol Harrison, Oxford University, UK"Catherine Conybeare offers an excellent guide to Augustine's autobiographical Confessions. She is not a theologian or church historian. Rather, she is a scholar of classical literature and there­fore lends a unique angle to the study of Confessions."Jack Kilcrease, Aquinas CollegeTable of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction Excerpt 1: part of the opening prayer 2. Language Excerpt 2: the firmament as bible 3. Creation and the sensible world Excerpt 3: the ascent at Ostia 4. Memory and time 5. Afterword Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis engaging treatment of Aquinas's theory of self-knowledge provides a comprehensive look at a neglected aspect of medieval philosophy, from both a historical and a philosophical perspective. It will be valuable to specialists and advanced students in medieval philosophy, the philosophy of mind and the history of ideas.Trade Review"… indispensable to any future study of self-knowledge in Aquinas. Its virtues include an exhaustive review of the scholarly literature on self-knowledge, a detailed analysis of each component of Aquinas’s theory, and proposed resolutions to each interpretive problem. [This book] will spark a new debate over the centrality of self-knowledge in Aquinas’s thought." Carl N. Still, Journal of the History of PhilosophyTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Historical and Textual Origins: 1. The development of a medieval debate; 2. The trajectory of Aquinas's theory of self-knowledge, 1252–72; Part II. Phenomena and Problems: 3. Perceiving myself: the content of actual self-awareness; 4. Perceiving myself: is self-awareness an intuitive act?; 5. The significance of self-presence: habitual self-awareness; 6. Implicit vs explicit self-awareness and the duality of conscious thought; 7. Discovering the soul's nature: quidditative self-knowledge; 8. Self-knowledge and psychological personhood; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisContributing to the histories of genre, embodiment and vitality, this study shows the impact of Aristotelian and Cartesian conceptions of humanness on works by Shakespeare, Spenser, Milton and Sidney. Sullivan shows how, through the representation of sleep, epic and romance model the distinctive relationships between man, plant and animal.Trade Review'This is a major new study with wide ranging implications for a variety of early modern interests - in the contested category of the human, in the ecological place of the human body in relation to its environment, in the legacy of Aristotelianism against the advent of Cartesianism, and in the relations between epic and romance.' Gail Paster, Folger Shakespeare Library'… a scholarly, intelligent and provocative study that raises many important questions about the relationship between genre and content that are certain to invite further debate.' Richard A. McCabe, Milton QuarterlyTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Aristotelian Vitality Ascendant: 1. 'Both plant and beast together': temperance, vitality and the romance alternative in Spenser's Bower of Bliss; 2. Sleeping minds: romance, affect and environment in Sidney's The Old Arcadia; 3. Sleep, history and 'life indeed' in Shakespeare's 1 and 2 Henry IV and Henry V; Part II. Aristotelian Vitality Embattled: 4. 'From the root springs lighter the green stalk': vegetality and humanness in Milton's Paradise Lost; Part III. Aristotelian Vitality Undead: 5. 'Desperate sloth, miscalled philosophy': Descartes and the post-Aristotelian romance episode in Dryden's All for Love; Coda: beyond undeath.

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Book Synopsis''There are no substantive rights for subjects in Hobbes''s political theory, only bare freedoms without correlated duties to protect them''. Curran challenges this orthodoxy of Hobbes scholarship, and argues that Hobbes''s theory is not a theory of natural rights but rather, a modern, secular theory of rights, with relevance to modern rights theory.Trade Review'In this ambitious and lucid book, Eleanor Curran sets out to challenge some of the main orthodoxies of Hobbesian scholarship...Curran's book performs a great service and deserves to be read by all serious Hobbes scholars. It represents a significant departure from existing treatments, and is richly thought-provoking both in its advocacy of a 'strong' theory of rights, and in its criticism of the existing scholarship. This engaging and lively book may thus itself hope to form a starting point for argument, controversy and debate.' British Journal for the History of Philosophy '...detailed [and] sophisticated...' - Hobbes StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction PART I: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF HOBBES'S POLITICAL THEORY Examining the Orthodoxy - Hobbes and Royalism The Political Context - Taking Sides PART II: HOBBES'S THEORY OF RIGHTS: THE TEXTUAL ARGUMENT Liberties and Claims - Rights and Duties The Full Right to Self Preservation and Sovereign Duties PART III: HOBBES AND THEORIES OF NATURAL LAW AND NATURAL RIGHTS The Natural Rights Tradition - With or Without Hobbes? PART IV: HOBBES'S THEORY OF RIGHTS: A MODERN SECULAR THEORY Current Discussions of Hobbesian Rights - The Distorting Lens of Hohfeld Conclusion: Towards a Hobbesian Theory of Rights Index

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Book SynopsisThe Legacy of Aristotelian Enthymeme provides a historical-logical analysis of Aristotle's rhetorical syllogism, the enthymeme, through its Medieval and Renaissance interpretations. Bringing together notions of credibility and proof, an international team of scholars highlight the fierce debates around this form of argumentation during two key periods for Aristotle's beliefs.Reflecting on medieval and humanist thinkers, philosophers, poets and theologians, this volume joins up dialectical and rhetorical argumentation as key to the enthymeme's interpretation and shows how the enthymeme was the source of a major interpretive conflict. As a method for achieving the standards for proof and credibility that persist across diverse fields of study today including the law, politics, medicine and morality, this book takes in Latin and Persian interpretations of the enthymeme and casts contemporary argumentation in a new historical light.Trade ReviewThis is a book on the history of the problem of how we demonstrate by means of enthymemes. It gives a consistent account of what has happened in the twelve centuries that separate Boethius from Ramus, and it contributes to our understanding of the connection between logic and rhetoric. It revives the tradition of Ciceronianism, of which Fosca Mariani Zini is a renowned authority. * Riccardo Pozzo, Professor of the History of Philosophy, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy *Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Introduction: The Theory of Enthymeme: Between Defective and Ampliative Inference, Fosca Mariani Zini (University of Tours, France) 1. The Theories of the Enthymeme Between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (325-880 Ca.), Renato De Filippis (University of Salerno, Italy) 2. Enthymemes in Al-Farabi’s and Avicenna’s Systems, Saloua Chatti (Tunis University, Tunisia) 3. Argumentum, Locus, and Enthymeme: Abaelard’s Transformation of the Topics into a Theory of Enthymematic Inference, Chris Martin (University Auckland, New Zealand) 4. The Logic of Enthymemes as (Incomplete) Syllogisms: 13th-Century Theories and Practices, Julie Brumberg (University of Paris, France) 5. Inference and Enthymeme in William Ockham, Paola Muller (Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Italy) 6. Enthymematic Inferences in John Buridan, Barbara Bertocci (University of St Andrews, UK) 7. The Enthymeme from Signs and the Study of Nature in the Renaissance, Marco Sgarbi (Ca’ Foscari University, Italy) 8. “The Lion’ Fault”: The Enthymematic Foundation of Signatures, Marie-Luce Demonet (University of Tours, France) Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisOliver Keenan brings the medieval philosophy of Thomas Aquinas to life.Thomas Aquinas is more than a medieval curiosity. He was a reluctant revolutionary, a scholar, poet and saint whose work unleashed an epoch-defining explosion of philosophical creativity in the thirteenth century. Writing at a time of war, injustice, poverty and alienation, Aquinas'' thought reaches across the ages and speaks to us today.As Oliver Keenan argues, Aquinas matters now not because he was right about everything but because he can teach us a new way of looking at the world. A powerful voice for community, justice, friendship and peace, Aquinas'' profoundly non-violent philosophy shows us how to be human in a deeply dehumanizing world. The era that he knew was defined by conflict and divisive politics, much like our own his unfailing belief in the power of communication to overcome alienation and despair is an important lesson for us all.This book brings Aquinas'' challen

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Book SynopsisWhat Socrates''s greatest failure says about a 2,000-year-old question: is it possible to teach ourselves and others to become better people? Can we make ourselves into better human beings? Can we help others do the same? And can we get the leaders of our society to care that humanity prospers, not just economically, but also spiritually? These questions have been asked for over two millennia and attempting to answer them is crucial if we want to live a better life and build a more just society. How to Be Good uses the story of Socrates and Alcibiades and examples from Aristotle, Marcus Aurelius and Machiavelli, alongside modern interpretations to explore what philosophy can teach us about the quest for virtue today. Whether we are statesmen or ordinary individuals Pigliucci argues that with a little work day by day we all have the power to pursue the timely and timeless art of living well.Trade ReviewPresents a rigorous theoretical foundation for ethical self-improvement with concrete steps-even a step-by-step syllabus!-for how we can become better people, how we can help others to do the same, and how we might influence our leaders and politicians to act virtuously. If only those in power would grab hold of this literary lifeline and take heed of Pigliucci's wisdom, humanity might just have a chance to flourish economically, materially, and spiritually -- Skye Cleary, author of 'How to Be Authentic'Massimo Pigliucci, who has elsewhere taught us to take seriously the precepts of ancient Stoicism, here looks further afield, above all to Plato, for insight into how we become virtuous people - or, too often, fail to. His expert account of ancient ethics will help us save our souls, and thereby, just maybe, save the world -- James Romm, author of 'The Sacred Band'With a deft but magically light hand, Pigliucci turns to case studies from Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Seneca and more to pose the most pressing question of our time: how do we put competent and wise leaders in office? A wonderful raconteur, Pigliucci brings the historical and philosophical texts of Greco-Roman antiquity to life with lessons about good character and leadership, whether we aspire to political office or not -- Nancy Sherman, author of 'Stoic Wisdom'It's not often that a book ostensibly about Socrates also comments knowledgeably on (Roman) Coriolanus and (Florentine) Machiavelli, but such is the breadth of learning of geneticist, biologist and philosopher Massimo Pigliucci (of New York's City College). Truly, as Plato's Socrates boldly declared, the examined life is for us humans the only one -- Paul Cartledge, A.G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture, emeritus, University of Cambridge[An] enlightening study . . . This lucid and accessible tour through ancient philosophy offers valuable lessons for today -- Publishers WeeklyOne of the world's most renowned philosophers has found the secret to living a better life -- The Herald

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Book SynopsisWhat Socrates''s greatest failure says about a 2,000-year-old question: is it possible to teach ourselves and others to become better people? Can we make ourselves into better human beings? Can we help others do the same? Can we get our leaders to care that humanity prospers, not just economically, but also spiritually? These questions have been asked for over two millennia and attempting to answer them is crucial if we want to build a more just society. How to Be Good uses the story of Socrates and Alcibiades and examples from Aristotle, Marcus Aurelius and Machiavelli, alongside modern interpretations to explore what philosophy can teach us about the quest for virtue today. With a little work, day by day, we all have the power to pursue the timely and timeless art of living well.Trade ReviewPresents a rigorous theoretical foundation for ethical self-improvement with concrete steps-even a step-by-step syllabus!-for how we can become better people, how we can help others to do the same, and how we might influence our leaders and politicians to act virtuously. If only those in power would grab hold of this literary lifeline and take heed of Pigliucci's wisdom, humanity might just have a chance to flourish economically, materially, and spiritually -- Skye Cleary, author of 'How to Be Authentic'Massimo Pigliucci, who has elsewhere taught us to take seriously the precepts of ancient Stoicism, here looks further afield, above all to Plato, for insight into how we become virtuous people - or, too often, fail to. His expert account of ancient ethics will help us save our souls, and thereby, just maybe, save the world -- James Romm, author of 'The Sacred Band'With a deft but magically light hand, Pigliucci turns to case studies from Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Seneca and more to pose the most pressing question of our time: how do we put competent and wise leaders in office? A wonderful raconteur, Pigliucci brings the historical and philosophical texts of Greco-Roman antiquity to life with lessons about good character and leadership, whether we aspire to political office or not -- Nancy Sherman, author of 'Stoic Wisdom'It's not often that a book ostensibly about Socrates also comments knowledgeably on (Roman) Coriolanus and (Florentine) Machiavelli, but such is the breadth of learning of geneticist, biologist and philosopher Massimo Pigliucci (of New York's City College). Truly, as Plato's Socrates boldly declared, the examined life is for us humans the only one -- Paul Cartledge, A.G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture, emeritus, University of Cambridge[An] enlightening study . . . This lucid and accessible tour through ancient philosophy offers valuable lessons for today -- Publishers WeeklyOne of the world's most renowned philosophers has found the secret to living a better life -- The Herald

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Book SynopsisBest-selling author and originator of the term space clearing, Denise Linn offers a comprehensive and practical guide to transforming the energy in any environment through both modern and traditional methods such as feng shui, clearing clutter (whether physical, emotional, or spiritual), essential oils, crystals, and more. Space clearing is the art of cleansing and harmonizing the energy within an environment. This practice has the power to not only make your home feel good but also help those within to feel more positive and energetic, to bring balance to relationships, and to remove blocks for increased abundance, creativity, and well-being. In this comprehensive guide to space clearing, internationally best-selling author Denise Linn distills more than 45 years of experience as a leading authority in energy healing to guide you through ancient rituals and modern techniques for regaining control of the energy in any environment, including your home and your body. You'll learn how t

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Book SynopsisThis book presents formalizations of three important medieval logical theories: supposition, consequence and obligations.Table of ContentsSupposition Theory: Algorithmic Hermeneutics.- Buridan's Notion of Consequentia.- Obligationes as Logical Games.- The Philosophy of Formalization.

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Book SynopsisThis interdisciplinary study offers an interpretation of the major logical, philosophical/theological and poetic writings of Boethius, Abelard and Alan of Lille. The author examines their theories of language and the ways in which they explore how words illuminate things, how the mind comprehends God and how the individual reaches beatitude.Trade Review'In this innovative and highly original study, Sweeney offers an integrated reading of Boethius, Abelard, and Alan of Lille showing the connections among their philosophical, theological, and literary works based on their semantic theories. Assessing judiciously the previous approaches to these figures, including other recent interdisciplinary studies of them, she also critiques the readings of modern analytic philosophers, feminist critics, and post-modernists alike, presenting a learned, lucid, theoretically informed, and strongly argued case for her thesis. All medievalists have much to learn from this distinguished contribution to the New Middle Ages series.' Marcia L. Colish, Yale University 'Sweeney, with a specialist's attention and a philosopher's vision, shows how Boethius' logical commentaries, theological tractates and Consolationes set the model for Abelard's logical and theological works, his poetry, autobiography and letters, and Alan of Lille's theological disputations, axioms, dictionary and allegories. Boethius and his twelfth-century imitators take seriously pagan authors and the reality they seek to describe through poetry and philosophy. Sweeney shows how in all their varied genres of writing there is for Boethius, Abelard and Alan of Lille a unified goal, an ultimate project: union with God.' Stephen Brown, Boston College 'Sweeney's approach to medieval philosophy and theology is very illuminating. Medieval logic, theology and poetry are usually studied by experts in different disciplines. Sweeney brings the interconnections and interdependencies of philosophy of language, reflection on theological language and use of narrative language in poetry into focus. She shows convincingly that in the works of Boethius, Abelard and Alain de Lille all three kinds of writing complement each other.' Dr. Klaus Jacobi, Universität Freiburg, GermanyTable of ContentsIntroduction: Words in the Absence of Things Boethius: Translation, Transfer, and Transport Abelard: A Twelfth Century Hermeneutics of Suspicion Alan of Lille: Language and its Peregrinations To and From Divine Unity Bibliography

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Book SynopsisBy exploring the philosophical character of some of the greatest medieval thinkers, An Introduction to Medieval Philosophy provides a rich overview of philosophy in the world of Latin Christianity. Explores the deeply philosophical character of such medieval thinkers as Augustine, Boethius, Eriugena, Anselm, Aquinas, Bonaventure, Scotus, and Ockham Reviews the central features of the epistemological and metaphysical problem of universals Shows how medieval authors adapted philosophical ideas from antiquity to apply to their religious commitments Takes a broad philosophical approach of the medieval era by,taking account of classical metaphysics, general culture, and religious themes Trade Review"Another strength of the book is Koterski's skillful way of motivating philosophical interest in concepts and ideas that might otherwise seem arcane to the beginner . . .Koterski gives a thought provoking analysis of several basic concepts that permeate medieval thought and provides a thorough account of the varied sources that influenced reasoning about these concepts." (American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 1 October 2010) “Lively, accessible, and well argued, this is a fine introduction that deserves a wide audience. Summing Up: Recommended.” (Choice Reviews, May 2009) “Fr. Joseph Koterski, a philosophy teacher at Fordham University and editor in chief of International Philosophical Quarterly, has penned a lovely little introduction to the basic themes of medieval philosophy.” (First Things, January 2009) Table of ContentsPreface vii Introduction 1 1 Faith and Reason 9 2 God 37 3 The Divine Ideas 61 4 The Problem of Universals 87 5 The Transcendentals 111 6 Cosmos and Nature 141 7 Soul 173 8 Conclusion 202 Glossary 206 Historical Figures 217 References 222 Index of Names 237 Index of Terms 242

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Book SynopsisBy exploring the philosophical character of some of the greatest medieval thinkers, An Introduction to Medieval Philosophy provides a rich overview of philosophy in the world of Latin Christianity. Explores the deeply philosophical character of such medieval thinkers as Augustine, Boethius, Eriugena, Anselm, Aquinas, Bonaventure, Scotus, and Ockham Reviews the central features of the epistemological and metaphysical problem of universals Shows how medieval authors adapted philosophical ideas from antiquity to apply to their religious commitments Takes a broad philosophical approach of the medieval era by,taking account of classical metaphysics, general culture, and religious themes Trade Review"Another strength of the book is Koterski's skillful way of motivating philosophical interest in concepts and ideas that might otherwise seem arcane to the beginner . . .Koterski gives a thought provoking analysis of several basic concepts that permeate medieval thought and provides a thorough account of the varied sources that influenced reasoning about these concepts." (American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 1 October 2010) "Strikingly clear, succinct, and erudite, this book will be treasured by beginners and established scholars alike. As the relationship of religious faith and the human sciences becomes an ever more pressing societal issue, contemporary philosophers will greatly benefit from Koterski's masterful exposition of the insights of medieval thinkers." -- Matthew Levering, Ave Maria University "Father Koterski is a master of Jesuit pedagogy. His chapters introduce key themes that still dominate Western philosophy. No serious student of philosophy or theology should miss reading this book."--Romanus Cessario, O.P., St John’s Seminary, Boston, MassachusettsTable of ContentsPreface vii Introduction 1 1 Faith and Reason 9 2 God 37 3 The Divine Ideas 61 4 The Problem of Universals 87 5 The Transcendentals 111 6 Cosmos and Nature 141 7 Soul 173 8 Conclusion 202 Glossary 206 Historical Figures 217 References 222 Index of Names 237 Index of Terms 242

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Book SynopsisWritten and edited by leading scholars in the field, this collection explores Aquinas' continuing relevance to contemporary theology and his ability to enlighten inter- and intra-faith dialogue. Explores Aquinas' continuing relevance to contemporary theology. Looks at how Aquinas illuminates dialogue both among Christians and between Christians and non-Christians today. Written by both scholars of Aquinas and those who are actively involved in ecumenical and inter-religious dialogue. Topics range from Aquinas and Eastern Orthodoxy to Aquinas and atheism. Helps us to think rigorously about what is required to speak truthfully to people with different beliefs. Trade Review"Jim Fodor and Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt have assembled a series of well-crafted and tightly reasoned essays . . . (they) have done us a great service by reminding us, once again, of Thomas Aquinas's enduring relevance to the religious conversation." The Thomist "Aquinas in Dialogue brings together some of the most eminent of modern theological exponents of Aquinas's thought to show how Aquinas engages with traditions other than his own: Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, analytic philosophy, and atheism." Church TimesTable of Contents1. Aquinas, Merit and Reformation Theology After the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification: Michael Root (Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary). 2. Ex Occidente Lux? Aquinas and Eastern Orthodox Theology: Bruce D. Marshall (Southern Methodist University). 3. Thomas Aquinas and Judaism: Henk J. M. Schoot (Catholic Theological University of Utrecht ) and Pim Valkenberg (Catholic University of Nijmegen). 4. Thomas Aquinas and Islam: David B. Burrell, CSC (University of Notre Dame). 5. Aquinas Meets the Buddhists: Prolegomenon to an Authentically Thomas-ist Basis for Dialogue: Paul Williams (University of Bristol). 6. Aquinas and Analytical Philosophy: Natural Allies?: Fergus Kerr, OP (Blackfriars). 7. On Denying the Right God: Aquinas on Atheism and Idolatry: Denys Turner (University of Cambridge). 8. Shouting in the Land of the Hard of Hearing: Ob Being a Hillbilly Thomist: Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt (Loyola College).

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Book SynopsisThis collection of readings with extensive editorial commentary brings together key texts of the most influential philosophers of the medieval era to provide a comprehensive introduction for students of philosophy. Features the writings of Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Boethius, John Duns Scotus and other leading medieval thinkers Features several new translations of key thinkers of the medieval era, including John Buridan and Averroes Readings are accompanied by expert commentary from the editors, who are leading scholars in the field Trade Review"Klima has produced an impressive volume, with texts on a wide variety of medieval philosophical discussion points that show the range of views and, broadly speaking, the trajectory of historical development on the individual issues. The translations themselves are first rate, several appear for the first time in this volume, and they are accompanied by expert introductions and annotations, as well as by a guide to further reading.... Klima's anthology of medieval philosophical texts will serve well as a course textbook or for a reader interested in getting an idea of some main issues in medieval philosophy and some important medieval views on those issues." (Russell L. Friedman, Medieval Review)Table of ContentsText Sources and Credits. Acknowledgments. General Introduction. Part I: Logic and Epistemology. Introduction. Philosophy, Theology, Logic, and the Sciences. 1. Augustine on Ancient Philosophy. 2. Dialectica Monacensis (anonymous, twelfth century) on the Division of Science. 3. Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Scope of Sacred Doctrine. The Problem of Universals. 4. Boethius Against Real Universals. 5. John of Salisbury on the Controversy over Universals. 6. The Summa Lamberti on the Properties of Terms. 7. William Ockham on Universals. 8. John Buridan on the Predicables. Illumination vs. Abstraction, and Scientific Knowledge. 9. Augustine on Divine Ideas and Illumination. 10. Thomas Aquinas on Illumination vs. Abstraction. 11. Thomas Aquinas on our Knowledge of the First Principles of Demonstration. 12. Henry of Ghent on Divine Illumination. 13. Duns Scotus on Divine Illumination. Knowledge and Skepticism. 14. Augustine on the Certainty of Self-Knowledge. 15. Thomas Aquinas on whether the Intellect Can Be False. 16. Henry of Ghent on whether a Human Being Can Know Anything. 17. Nicholas of Autrecourt on Skepticism about Substance and Causality. 18. John Buridan on Scientific Knowledge. Part II: Philosophy Of Nature, Philosophy of the Soul, Metaphysics. Introduction. Hylomorphism, Causality, Natural Philosophy. 19. Thomas Aquinas on the Principles of Nature. 20. Thomas Aquinas on the Mixture of Elements. 21. Giles of Rome on the Errors of the Philosophers. 22. Selections from the Condemnation of 1277. 23. John Buridan and the Impetus Theory of Projectile Motion. Human Nature and the Philosophy of the Soul. 24. Augustine on the Soul. 25. Averroës on the Immateriality of the Intellect. 26. Siger of Brabant on the Intellective Soul. 27. Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Powers of the Human Soul. 28. John Buridan on the Immateriality of the Soul. Metaphysics, Existence, and Essence. 29. Avicenna on Common Nature. 30. Thomas Aquinas on Being and Essence. 31. John Buridan on Essence and Existence. God’s Existence and Essence. 32. Augustine on Divine Immutability. 33. Anselm of Canterbury on God’s Existence. 34. Thomas Aquinas on God’s Existence and Simplicity. PART III: PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY. Introduction. Goodness and Being. 35. Augustine on Evil as the Privation of Goodness. 36. Augustine on the Origin of Moral Evil. 37. Boethius on Being and Goodness. 38. Thomas Aquinas on the Convertibility of Being and Goodness. Freedom of the Will. 39. Augustine on the “Divided Will”. 40. Boethius on Divine Providence and the Freedom of the Will. 41. Anselm of Canterbury on Free Will. 42. Henry of Ghent on the Primacy of the Will. Virtues and Happiness. 43. Boethius of Dacia on the Supreme Good. 44. Thomas Aquinas on Happiness. Divine Law, Natural Law, Positive Law. 45. Thomas Aquinas on Natural Law and Positive Law. 46. John Duns Scotus on Natural Law and Divine Law. Suggestions for Further Reading. Index

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Book SynopsisThis collection of readings with extensive editorial commentary brings together key texts of the most influential philosophers of the medieval era to provide a comprehensive introduction for students of philosophy. Features the writings of Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Boethius, John Duns Scotus and other leading medieval thinkers Features several new translations of key thinkers of the medieval era, including John Buridan and Averroes Readings are accompanied by expert commentary from the editors, who are leading scholars in the field Trade Review"Klima has produced an impressive volume, with texts on a wide variety of medieval philosophical discussion points that show the range of views and, broadly speaking, the trajectory of historical development on the individual issues. The translations themselves are first rate, several appear for the first time in this volume, and they are accompanied by expert introductions and annotations, as well as by a guide to further reading.... Klima's anthology of medieval philosophical texts will serve well as a course textbook or for a reader interested in getting an idea of some main issues in medieval philosophy and some important medieval views on those issues." (Russell L. Friedman, Medieval Review)Table of ContentsContents Text Sources and Credits viii Acknowledgments xiii General Introduction 1 Part I Logic and Epistemology 27 Introduction 27 Philosophy, Theology, Logic, and the Sciences 31 1 Augustine on Ancient Philosophy 31 2 Dialectica Monacensis (anonymous, twelfth century) on the Division of Science 43 3 Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Scope of Sacred Doctrine 45 The Problem of Universals 59 4 Boethius Against Real Universals 59 5 John of Salisbury on the Controversy over Universals 63 6 The Summa Lamberti on the Properties of Terms 66 7 William Ockham on Universals 71 8 John Buridan on the Predicables 79 Illumination vs. Abstraction, and Scientific Knowledge 83 9 Augustine on Divine Ideas and Illumination 83 10 Thomas Aquinas on Illumination vs. Abstraction 87 11 Thomas Aquinas on our Knowledge of the First Principles of Demonstration 98 12 Henry of Ghent on Divine Illumination 103 13 Duns Scotus on Divine Illumination 110 Knowledge and Skepticism 117 14 Augustine on the Certainty of Self-Knowledge 117 15 Thomas Aquinas on whether the Intellect Can Be False 120 16 Henry of Ghent on whether a Human Being Can Know Anything 123 17 Nicholas of Autrecourt on Skepticism about Substance and Causality 134 18 John Buridan on Scientific Knowledge 143 Part II Philosophy Of Nature, Philosophy of The Soul, Metaphysics 151 Introduction 151 Hylomorphism, Causality, Natural Philosophy 157 19 Thomas Aquinas on the Principles of Nature 157 20 Thomas Aquinas on the Mixture of Elements 168 21 Giles of Rome on the Errors of the Philosophers 171 22 Selections from the Condemnation of 1277 180 23 John Buridan and the Impetus Theory of Projectile Motion 190 Human Nature and the Philosophy of the Soul 195 24 Augustine on the Soul 195 25 Averroës on the Immateriality of the Intellect 198 26 Siger of Brabant on the Intellective Soul 203 27 Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Powers of the Human Soul 207 28 John Buridan on the Immateriality of the Soul 219 Metaphysics, Existence, and Essence 225 29 Avicenna on Common Nature 225 30 Thomas Aquinas on Being and Essence 227 31 John Buridan on Essence and Existence 250 God’s Existence and Essence 255 32 Augustine on Divine Immutability 255 33 Anselm of Canterbury on God’s Existence 259 34 Thomas Aquinas on God’s Existence and Simplicity 266 Part III Practical Philosophy 303 Introduction 303 Goodness and Being 309 35 Augustine on Evil as the Privation of Goodness 309 36 Augustine on the Origin of Moral Evil 311 37 Boethius on Being and Goodness 318 38 Thomas Aquinas on the Convertibility of Being and Goodness 322 Freedom of the Will 325 39 Augustine on the “Divided Will” 325 40 Boethius on Divine Providence and the Freedom of the Will 331 41 Anselm of Canterbury on Free Will 337 42 Henry of Ghent on the Primacy of the Will 349 Virtues and Happiness 353 43 Boethius of Dacia on the Supreme Good 353 44 Thomas Aquinas on Happiness 358 Divine Law, Natural Law, Positive Law 361 45 Thomas Aquinas on Natural Law and Positive Law 361 46 John Duns Scotus on Natural Law and Divine Law 375 Suggestions for Further Reading 382 Index 388

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