Medical specialties, branches of medicine Books

Book SynopsisThis guide offers an overview of the most common types of trial undertaken in early clinical development. The coverage discusses the different methodologies and the impact of new technologies, both clinical and statistical, on clinical development.Trade Review"An Introduction to Statistics in Early Phase Trials" is an admirably concise and practical guide to the pertinent context, principles and formulae for statisticians inexpert in the application of their discipline to Phase I and II clinical research". (Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices, 1 March 2011) “An Introduction to Statistics in Early Phase Trials provides concise descriptions of many early phase trial designs, along with the statistical equations necessary to gather and analyze the data” (Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2010) "I enjoyed reading the work of Dr. Julious, Tan, and Machin,found it quite useful, and recommend it to others teaching about, working with, or considering work in the learning phase of drug development." (Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 2011) Table of ContentsChapter 1 Early phase trials 1 Chapter 2 Introduction to pharmacokinetics 13 Chapter 3 Sample size calculations for clinical trials 37 Chapter 4 Crossover trial basics 55 Chapter 5 Multi-period crossover trials 71 Chapter 6 First time into man 87 Chapter 7 Bayesian and frequentist methods 113 Chapter 8 First-time-into-new-population studies 125 Chapter 9 Bioequivalence studies 139 Chapter 10 Other Phase I trials 169 Chapter 11 Phase II trials: general issues 187 Chapter 12 Dose–response studies 197 Chapter 13 Phase II trials with toxic therapies 211 Chapter 14 Interpreting and applying early phase trial results 223 Chapter 15 Go/No-Go criteria 231 Appendix 245 References 251 Index 257

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Old Age Psychiatry Handbook provides a comprehensive but concise overview of psychiatric, medical and practical issues that may arise within the speciality. The book is written in an easy assimilated format, ideal for use in the clinic and on the ward.Trade Review"A practical guide to “coal-face” old age psychiatry. The book is packed with the kind of information it takes many years of practice to accumulate, and presents the information in a very easily digestible form. If the giants of old age psychiatry had told stories to trainees, this is what they would have told. It is clearly and concisely written." (International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, February 2009) "The book is written in an easy assimilated format, ideal for use in the clinic and on the ward." (Doody's, June 2008)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1 The Assessment of Patients in Old Age Psychiatry. Introduction. Setting. The psychiatric history in older patients. The Mental State Examination (MSE). Assessing cognition with limited time. Assessment of everyday functioning. Physical examination. Investigations. Neuropsychiatric testing and the memory clinic. Assessment of carers. Summary. Further reading. 2 Dementia. Definition and diagnosis of dementia. Assessment of a patient with dementia. General management of dementia. Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Why differentiate between the dementias? Alzheimer’s disease. Vascular dementia. Dementia with Lewy bodies. Frontotemporal dementia. Less common causes of dementia. Mild cognitive impairment. Functional and molecular neuroimaging in dementia. Further reading. 3 Depression. Epidemiology. Clinical features and diagnosis. Risk factors for depression in old age. Treatment. Outcome. Prevention of depression in the elderly. Depression and dementia. Bereavement. Suicide. Further reading. 4 Bipolar Affective Disorder. Epidemiology. Aetiology. Clinical features and diagnosis. Management. 5 Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Anxiety in the elderly. Generalised anxiety disorder. Panic disorder. Phobic disorders. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Other reactions to stress. Obsessive compulsive disorder. Further reading. 6 Psychotic Illness. Schizophrenia. Schizoaffective disorder. Delusional disorder. Further reading. 7 Personality Disorders. Personality. Personality and age. Definition and classification of personality disorders. Personality disorders in old age. Management of personality disorder in old age. Further reading. 8 Alcohol. Current guidelines for alcohol consumption. Definitions. Epidemiology. Detection and screening. Consequences. Management. Further reading. 9 Insomnia. Sleep architecture. Circadian rhythm. Insomnia and consequences in the elderly. Causes of insomnia. Assessment of a patient with insomnia. Non-pharmacological management. Pharmacological management. Further reading. 10 Psychopharmacology. Principles of drug treatment in old age psychiatry. Adherence. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Adverse drug reactions and interactions. Antidepressant drugs. Lithium. Anticonvulsant mood stabilisers. Antipsychotic drugs. Anxiolytics and hypnotics. Drugs used in dementia. Further reading. 11 Electroconvulsive Therapy. Indications. Mechanism of action. Efficacy. Adverse effects. Cautions. Consent. ECT and the Mental Health Act. Pre-ECT physical work-up. Medication and ECT. ECT procedure. Prevention of relapse. Further reading. 12 Psychological Therapies. Cognitive behavioural therapy. Behavioural therapy. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Further reading. 13 Practical, Legal and Social Issues. Provision of services. Legal issues in old age psychiatry. Social and financial issues in old age. Further reading. 14 Physical Illness and Old Age Psychiatry. Delirium. Vascular disease. Neurological disease. Rheumatological disease. Endocrinological disease. Nutritional deficit. Neoplastic disease. Palliative care. Further reading. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBioengineering is a broad-based engineering discipline that applies engineering principles and design to challenges in human health and medicine, dealing with bio-molecular and molecular processes, product design, sustainability and analysis of biological systems. Applications that benefit from bioengineering include medical devices, diagnostic equipment and biocompatible materials, amongst others. Computer Modeling in Bioengineering offers a comprehensive reference for a large number of bioengineering topics, presenting important computer modeling problems and solutions for research and medical practice. Starting with basic theory and fundamentals, the book progresses to more advanced methods and applications, allowing the reader to become familiar with different topics to the desired extent. It includes unique and original topics alongside classical computational modeling methods, and each application is structured to explain the physiological background, phenomena that arTable of ContentsContributors. Preface. Part I: Theoretical Background of Computational Methods. 1. Notation - Matrices and Tensors. 2. Fundamentals of Continuum Mechanics. 3. Heat Transfer, Diffusion, Fluid Mechanics, and Fluid Flow through Porous Deformable Media. Part II: Fundamentals of Computational Methods. 4. Isoparametric Formulation of Finite Elements. 5. Dynamic Finite Element Analysis. 6. Introduction to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. 7. Finite Element Modeling of Field Problems. 8. Discrete Particle Methods for Modeling of Solids and Fluids. Part III: Computational Methods in Bioengineering. 9. Introduction to Bioengineering. 10. Bone Modeling. 11. Biological Soft Tissue. 12. Skeletal Muscles. 13. Blood Flow and Blood Vessels. 14. Modeling Mass Transport and Thrombosis in Arteries. 15. Cartilage Mechanics. 16. Cell Mechanics. 17. Extracellular Mechanotransduction: Modeling Ligand Concentration Dynamics in the Lateral Intercellular Space of Compressed Airway Epithelial Cells. 18. Spider Silk: Modeling Solvent Removal during Synthetic and Nephila clavipes Fiber Spinning. 19. Modeling in Cancer Nanotechnology. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEstablishes the criteria required to assess benefit-risk in general and reviews the current practice of benefit-risk assessment by drug regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry. Outlines how the new MCDA model was developed and evaluated, and discusses the implications of its implementation into the practice of drug evaluation.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. 1 Concept and Scope of Benefit–Risk Evaluation of Medicines. 1.1 Historical backgroun. 1.2 The regulatory systems for assessing medicines. 1.3 Benefit–risk assessment: definitions. 1.4 Views and perceptions of benefits and risks of medicines. 1.5 Stages and concepts in benefit–risk assessment. 1.6 Benefit–risk assessment: the current regulatory environment. 1.7 Benefit–risk assessment in other disciplines. 1.8 Specific methods and models for benefit–risk assessment. 1.9 Discussions with stakeholders on the concepts and models for benefit–risk evaluation. 2 Criteria for a Benefit–Risk Model: a Conceptual Framework. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Regulatory guidelines on benefit and risk criteria. 2.3 Identification, definition and rationale of relevant benefit and risk criteria. 2.4 Verification of the list of benefit and risk criteria by means of a survey. 3 Review of the Current Benefit–Risk Assessment Models. 3.1 Background. 3.2 Evaluation of the existing benefit–risk assessment models. 3.3 Review of models in single clinical trials and for specific medicines. 3.4 Conclusion. 3.5 Newer models. 4 Defining a Systematic Approach to Decision Making. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Objectives and features of the ideal model for benefit–risk assessment. 4.3 The use of decision-analysis techniques for the development of the new model. 5 Development and Application of a Benefit–Risk Assessment Model Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Conceptualization of the new model. 5.3 Reasons for using decision analysis techniques in the new model. 5.4 The use of MCDA in the new model. 5.5 Development of the new model. 5.6 Applicability of the new model. 5.7 Summary. 5.8 Review of the MCDA model. 6 A Future Framework for Benefit–Risk Appraisal of Medicines. 6.1 Background. 6.2 Development of a benefit–risk framework for regulatory review of new medicines. 6.3 Prerequisites of a benefit–risk framework for the registration of a new medicine. 6.4 Current status of benefit–risk assessment among companies and agencies. 6.5 Constructing a benefit–risk framework. 6.6 Conclusion. Appendices. Appendix 1 Summary Reports of the CMR International Institute for Regulatory Science March 2004 and June 2005 Workshops on Benefit–Risk. Appendix 2 Office of Health Economics Briefing: Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Benefit–risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals from an Economic Perspective – James Cross and Louis Garrison (August 2008). Appendix 3 Reflection Paper on Benefit–risk Assessment Methods in the Context of the Evaluation of Marketing Authorisation Applications of Medicinal Products for Human Use – Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (March 2008). Appendix 4 Commentaries on ‘A Quantitative Approach to Benefit–risk Assessment of Medicines’ Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 2007, 16. Appendix 5 Forum on Benefit: Risk Decision Analysis – Summary of Discussions and Recommendations – MHRA (September 2008). References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book offers the speech and language therapist studying or working in the field of psychogenic voice disorders a comprehensive understanding of how they present, a classification system and guidance on assessment and treatment.Trade Review"This text is value for money, easy to dip into and a comprehensive resource for any level of experience.... Its style is accessible and it is widely referenced with an invaluable summary at the end of each chapter." (Speech & Language Therapy in Practice, Summer 2009) "This book fleshes out areas which have been ignored and malnourished in the understanding and treatment of voice." (Doody's Health Services)Table of ContentsAbout the Authors ix Foreword xi Foreword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii 1 Psychogenic Voice Disorders – A New Model 1 2 Introducing the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Model 31 3 Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Essential Assessment Principles and Therapist Skills 39 4 Assessment of Voice and Personal History 57 5 Symptomatic Voice Therapy Approaches 89 6 Assessing Anxiety in Voice Patients 105 7 Treating Anxiety in Voice Patients 119 8 Treating Lowered Mood in Voice Patients 139 9 Psychological Disorders: Deciding When Not to Treat 157 10 Case Studies 175 References 207 Index 213

Read more less

Book SynopsisWith this book as their guide, readers will discover how to design better protective equipment and devices such as helmets, seat belts, and wheelchairs in order to minimize the risk or the extent of injury to people subjected to impact loads. It is based on the theory of optimal shock isolation, first developed in the 1950s to protect missile systems from intensive shock loads. Using examples from automotive, aviation, and military areas, the authors demonstrate how optimal shock isolation theory enables designers to improve the performance of protective equipment by incorporating control and optimization methods developed for shock isolation systems. The first part of Injury Biomechanics and Control lays down the engineering foundation, setting forth core principles and techniques, including: Fundamentals of impact and shock isolation systems Basic optimal shock isolation for single-degree-of-freedom systems OptimaTable of ContentsPREFACE. BASIC TERMINOLOGY. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. 1.1 The Structure of the Book. 1.2 Related Studies. References. CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF IMPACT AND SHOCK ISOLATION. 2.1 Shock Loading: Basic Models and Characteristics. 2.2 Shock Isolation. 2.3 The Isolator as a Control Medium: Active and Passive Isolators. 2.4 Does Isolation of an Object from the Base Always Lead to a Reduction in the Shock Load Transmitted to the Object?. References. CHAPTER 3 BASIC OPTIMAL SHOCK ISOLATION: SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS. 3.1 Basic Problems. 3.2 Limiting Performance Analysis: Basic Concept and Analytical Results. 3.3 Limiting Performance Analysis: Computational Approach. 3.4 Parametric Optimization. 3.5 Pre-Acting Control for Shock Isolators. 3.6 Best and Worst Disturbance Analyses. References. CHAPTER 4 OPTIMAL SHOCK ISOLATION FOR MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS. 4.1 Optimal Shock Isolation for a Two-Component Viscoelastic Object. 4.2 Optimal Shock Isolation for Three-Component Structures. References. CHAPTER 5 SPINAL INJURY CONTROL. 5.1 Description of the Model. 5.2 Minimization of the Occupant’s Displacement subject to a Constraint Imposed on the Spinal Compressive Force. 5.3 Spinal Injury Control System with two Shock Isolators. 5.4 MADYMO Simulation for the Limiting Performance Analysis. References. CHAPTER 6 THORACIC INJURY CONTROL. 6.1 Smart Restraint Systems. 6.2 Basic Concept of Restraint Force Control. 6.3 Limiting Performance Analysis for the Prevention of Thoracic Injuries in a Frontal Car Crash. 6.4 Feedback Control of the Elastic Restraint Force on the Basis of the Two-Mass Thorax Injury Model. 6.5 Conclusions. References. CHAPTER 7 HEAD INJURY CONTROL. 7.1 Head Injury Criterion: Historical Perspectives. 7.2 Minimization of the Deceleration Distance for Constrained HIC. 7.3 Minimization of the HIC for Constrained Deceleration Distance. 7.4 Alternative Control Laws. References. CHAPTER 8 INJURY CONTROL FOR WHEELCHAIR OCCUPANTS. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Optimal Shock Isolation of Single-Degree-of-Freedom System. 8.3 Simulation Using MADYMO. 8.4 Discussion. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents chapters written by leading clinical researchers in the field of lung cancer, where high resolution 3-D imaging technology appears to hold the greatest near-term promise.Table of ContentsPreface (Thomas M. Baer and James L. Mulshine). Chapter 1: Incorporating Imaging into Drug Development: An Industry Perspective (Philip S. Murphy and Debasish Roychowdhury). Chapter 2: Developing Imaging Tools for Drug Development: Critical Technology, Clinical Data and Regulatory (Rafal Dziadziuszko, Fred R. Hirsch and Paul A. Bunn, Jr). Chapter 3: Quantitative Imaging in CT Lung Cancer Drug Development and Evaluation (Ricardo S. Avila). Chapter 4: Volumetric CT Imaging for Response Assessment in Lung Cancer: A Platform for Translational Research (Binsheng Zhao and Lawrence H. Scwhartz). Chapter 5: Emerging Radiological Software Standards and Development Technologies: Impact on Clinical Translation and Trials (John Pearson, Lawrence Tarbox, Gianluca Paladini, John G. Wolodzko, Paula M. Jacobs, and Zhenghong Lee). Chapter 6: Statistical Considerations Underlying Therapeutic Response Criteria for Lung Cancer: A Review in the Context of Emergence of Multi-Slice CT Scanner and Computer Assisted Diagnostic Algorithm for Volumetric Assessment (Madhu Mazumdar and Xi Kathy Zhou). Chapter 7: Programs Supporting Quantitative Imaging in Biomedicine at the National Institute for Standards and Technology (Thomas M. Baer and Charles W. Clark). Appendix A: Evolving Imaging Resources: Public Access Databases (Laurence Clarke). Appendix B: Biomedical Imaging Archive Network (Thomas M. Baer and James L. Mulshine). Appendix C: Developing CT Image-Processing Tools to Accelerate Progress in Lung Cancer Drug Development (James L. Mulshine, Ricardo S. Avila, Fred R. Hirsch, and David Yankelevitz).

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book introduces novel concepts in the area of bioanalysis based on nanomaterials, opening new opportunities for basic research and new tools for real bioanalytical applications. Each chapter provides a theoretical overview of a different topic and includes an annex that describes the most interesting aspect related to the bioanalytical system.Table of ContentsCONTRIBUTORS. SERIES PREFACE. PREFACE. PART I CARBON NANOTUBES. 1. Carbon Nanotube–Based Sensors and Biosensors (Richard G. Compton, Gregory G. Wildgoose, and Elicia L. S. Wong). 1.1. Introduction to the Structure of Carbon Nanotubes. 1.2. Electroanalysis Using CNT-Modified Electrodes. 1.3. Advantageous Application of CNTs in Sensors: pH Sensing. 1.4. Carbon Nanotube–Based Biosensors. 1.5. Using CNTs in Biosensor Production for Medical Diagnostics and Environmental Applications. References. 2. Isotropic Display of Biomolecules on CNT-Arrayed Nanostructures (Mark R. Contarino, Gary Withey, and Irwin Chaiken). 2.1. Introduction: CNT Arrays for Biosensing. 2.2. Functionalization of CNTs: Controlling Display Through Covalent Attachment. 2.3. Self-Assembling Interfaces: Anchor-Probe Approach. 2.4. Molecular Wiring of Redox Enzymes. 2.5. Multiplexing Biomolecules on Nanoscale CNT Arrays. 2.6. Conclusions. References. 3. Interaction of DNA with CNTs: Properties and Prospects for Electronic Sequencing (Sheng Meng and Efthimios Kaxiras). 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Structural Properties of Combined DNA–CNT Systems. 3.3. Electronic Structure. 3.4. Optical Properties. 3.5. Biosensing and Sequencing of DNA Using CNTs. 3.6. Summary. References. PART II NANOPARTICLES. 4. Improved Electrochemistry of Biomolecules Using Nanomaterials (Jianxiu Wang, Andrew J. Wain, Xu Zhu, and Feimeng Zhou). 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. CNT-Based Electrochemical Biosensors. 4.3. Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Biosensors. 4.4. Quantum Dot–Based Electrochemical Biosensors. 4.5. Conclusions and Outlook. References. 5. The Metal Nanoparticle Plasmon Band as a Powerful Tool for Chemo- and Biosensing (Audrey Moores and Pascal Le Floch). 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. The SPB: An Optical Property of Metal NPs. 5.3. Plasmon Band Variation Upon Aggregation of Nanoparticles. 5.4. Plasmon Band Variation on the Environment or Ligand Alteration. 5.5. Metal Nanoparticles as Labels. 5.6. Conclusions. References. 6. Gold Nanoparticles: A Versatile Label for Affinity Electrochemical Biosensors (Adriano Ambrosi, Alfredo de la Escosura-Mun˜ iz, Maria Teresa Castaneda, and Arben Merkoci). 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Synthesis of AuNPs. 6.3. Characterization of AuNPs. 6.4. AuNPs as Detecting Labels for Affinity Biosensors. 6.5. Conclusions. References. 7. Quantum Dots for the Development of Optical Biosensors Based on Fluorescence (W. Russ Algar and Ulrich J. Krull). 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Quantum Dots. 7.3. Basic Photophysics and Quantum Confinement. 7.4. Quantum Dot Surface Chemistry and Bioconjugation. 7.5. Bioanalytical Applications of Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Labels. 7.6. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer and Quantum Dot Biosensing. 7.7. Summary. References. 8. Nanoparticle-Based Delivery and Biosensing Systems: An Example (Almudena Mun˜oz Javier, Pablo del Pino, Stefan Kudera, and Wolfgang J. Parak). 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Functional Colloidal Nanoparticles. 8.3. Polyelectrolyte Capsules as a Functional Carrier System. 8.4. Uptake of Capsules by Cells. 8.5. Delivery and Sensing with Polyelectrolyte Capsules. 8.6. Conclusions. References. 9. Luminescent Quantum Dot FRET-Based Probes in Cellular and Biological Assays (Lifang Shi, Nitsa Rosenzweig, and Zeev Rosenzweig). 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. Luminescent Quantum Dots. 9.3. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. 9.4. Quantum Dot FRET-Based Protease Probes. 9.5. Summary and Conclusions. References. 10. Quantum Dot–Polymer Bead Composites for Biological Sensing Applications (Jonathan M. Behrendt and Andrew J. Sutherland). 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. Quantum Dot–Composite Construction. 10.3. Applications of QD Composites. 10.4. Future Directions. References. 11. Quantum Dot Applications in Biomolecule Assays (Ying Xu, Pingang He, and Yuzhi Fang). 11.1. Introduction to QDs and Their Applications. 11.2. Preparation of QDs for Conjugation with Biomolecules and Cells. 11.3. Special Optoelectronic Properties in the Bioemployment of QDs. 11.4. Employment of QDs as Biosensing Indicators. References. 12. Nanoparticles and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy–Based Biosensing (Arben Merkoc¸i, Roza Allabashi, and Alfredo de la Escosura-Muniz). 12.1. ICP-MS and Application Possibilities. 12.2. Detection of Metal Ions. 12.3. Detection of Nanoparticles. 12.4. Analysis of Metal-Containing Biomolecules. 12.5. Bioanalysis Based on Labeling with Metal Nanoparticles. 12.6. Conclusions. References. PART III NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES. 13. Integration Between Template-Based Nanostructured Surfaces and Biosensors (Walter Vastarella, Jan Maly, Mihaela Ilie, and Roberto Pilloton). 13.1. Introduction. 13.2. Nanosphere Lithography. 13.3. Nanoelectrodes Ensemble for Biosensing Devices. 13.4. Concluding Remarks. References. 14. Nanostructured Affinity Surfaces for MALDI-TOF-MS–Based Protein Profiling and Biomarker Discovery (R. M. Vallant, M. Rainer, M. Najam-Ul-Haq, R. Bakry, C. Petter, N. Heigl, G. K. Bonn, and C. W. Huck). 14.1. Proteomics and Biomarkers. 14.2. MALDI in Theory and Practice. 14.3. Carbon Nanomaterials. 14.4. Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanomaterials. References. PART IV NANOPORES. 15. Biosensing with Nanopores (Ivan Vlassiouk and Sergei Smirnov). 15.1. Nanoporous Materials in Sensing. 15.2. Nanochannel and Nanopore Fabrication. 15.3. Surface Modification Chemistry 15.4. Nonelectrical Nanoporous Biosensors. 15.5. Electrical Nanoporous Biosensors. 15.6. Summary. References. INDEX.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe publication of this fourth edition, more than ten years on from the publication of Radiation Therapy Physics third edition, provides a comprehensive and valuable update to the educational offerings in this field. Led by a new team of highly esteemed authors, building on Dr Hendee's tradition, Hendee's Radiation Therapy Physics offers a succinctly written, fully modernised update. Radiation physics has undergone many changes in the past ten years: intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has become a routine method of radiation treatment delivery, digital imaging has replaced film-screen imaging for localization and verification, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is frequently used, in many centers proton therapy has become a viable mode of radiation therapy, new approaches have been introduced to radiation therapy quality assurance and safety that focus more on process analysis rather than specific performance testing, and the explosion in patient-anTrade Review"The book is well structured and gives an excellent overview on all practical aspects of modern radiotherapy and the physics involved. The many examples and problems allow for immediate check of the understanding of the text and make it fun to read. The new editors certainly did a very good job in carrying on the tradition of the original book" Physica Medica, Feb 2017. Full review available here "The newly published fourth edition of Hendee’s Radiation Therapy Physics (Authors: Todd Pawlicki, Daniel J. Scanderbeg, George Starkschall) provides an updated overview, analysis and practical guidance of the various aspects of the radiation therapy physics. Published ten years after the publication of the third edition, this book reviews all newly introduced modalities and approaches inRadiation therapy - intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), digital imaging, CT simulation, proton therapy, radiation therapy informatics. An important part of the book is the focus on the professional approaches in radiation protection, patient safety, quality assurance, quality improvement and even training for residents. The book is written by experts in the field – all three authors are well known professionals working in the field of Radiation Physics and Radiation Medicine. Throughout this book the reader finds scientific, educational and practical information from the very basics of radiation physics to the latest achievements in the field of Radiation Therapy. Each chapter is well structured, giving a good balance between the theoretical and practical aspects. The appendix is dedicated to solving practical problems and provides professional advice, as well as self-tests......This book is both an excellent reference which will be useful in all medical physics departments and at the same time a perfect guidance material for professionals in related specialties. It continues very well the line set by Prof. William Hendee (past IOMP ExCom member). The Content and Structure of the book are excellent. These are really necessary for a book with such coverage and volume. Thefourth edition of Hendee’s Radiation Therapy Physics is yet another fundamental book that will be very useful reference for various specialists for many yearsahead" - Medical Physics World 2016Table of ContentsPreface to the Fourth Edition, vi Preface to the Third Edition, vii Preface to the Second Edition, viii Preface to the First Edition, ix 1 Atomic Structure and Radioactive Decay, 1 2 Interactions of X Rays and Gamma Rays, 16 3 Interactions of Particulate Radiation with Matter, 29 4 Machines for Producing Radiation, 35 5 Measurement of Ionizing Radiation, 57 6 Calibration of Megavoltage Beams of X Rays and Electrons, 77 7 Central-axis Point Dose Calculations, 96 8 External Beam Dose Calculations, 110 9 External Beam Treatment Planning and Delivery, 123 10 The Basics of Medical Imaging, 146 11 Diagnostic Imaging and Applications to Radiation Therapy, 154 12 Tumor Targeting: Image-guided and Adaptive Radiation Therapy, 170 13 Computer Systems, 182 14 Radiation Oncology Informatics, 197 15 Physics of Proton Radiation Therapy, 204 16 Sources for Implant Therapy and Dose Calculation, 215 17 Brachytherapy Treatment Planning, 231 18 Radiation Protection, 248 19 Quality Assurance, 267 20 Patient Safety and Quality Improvement, 294 Appendix: Answers to Selected Problems, 310 Index, 317

Read more less

Book Synopsis* Mass Spectrometry is a major tool to characterize, identify and detect hundreds of known and unknown drugs.Trade Review“Mass Spectrometry in Sports Drug Testing is an excellent textbook for anyone involved in the analytical characterization of illicit substances and abused drugs.” (Anal Bioanal Chem, 2011) Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. 1 History of Sports Drug Testing. 1.1 Historical Attempts of Artificial Performance Enhancement. 1.2 Background and Rationale of Doping Controls. 1.3 Early Detection Methods: Possibilities and Limitations of Assays Without Mass Spectrometry. 1.4 Introduction of Mass Spectrometry to Doping Control Analysis. References. 2. Mass Spectrometry and the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods of Doping. 2.1 Criteria for the Mass Spectrometric Identification of Prohibited Compounds. 2.2 Modern Mass Spectrometers in Doping Controls: Advantages and Disadvantages of Available Techniques. References. 3. Structure Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Target Analytes —Electron Ionization. 3.1 Stimulants. 3.2 Narcotics. 3.3 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids. 3.4 Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs). 3.5 Diuretics. 3.6 β2-Agonists. 3.7 β-Receptor Blocking Agents. 3.8 Calcium-Channel Modulators (RYCALS). 3.9 Carbohydrate-Based Agents. References. 4. Structure Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Target Analytes: Electrospray Ionization. 4.1 Stimulants. 4.2 Narcotics. 4.3 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids. 4.4 Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs). 4.5 Diuretics. 4.6 β2-Agonists. 4.7 Calcium-Channel Modulators (RYCALS). 4.8 Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor-δ (PPARδ) And Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Agonists. 4.9 Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-Stabilizers And Sirtuin Activators. 4.10 β-Receptor Blocking Agents. 4.11 Glucuronic Acid and Sulfate Conjugates of Target Analytes. References. 5. Structure Characterization of High Molecular Weight Target Analytes: Electrospray Ionization. 5.1 Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG). 5.2 Erythropoietins (EPO). 5.3 Synacthen. 5.4 Insulins. 5.5 Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs). 5.6 Human Growth Hormone (hGH). 5.7 Sermorelin (Geref). 5.8 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1). 5.9 Gonadorelin (LHRH). References. 6. Modern Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Assays. 6.1 GC-MS and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. 6.2 LC-MS/MS. References. 7. Limitations and Perspectives of Mass Spectrometry-Based Procedures in Doping Control Analysis. 7.1 Recombinant Biomolecules. 7.2 Unknown Compounds. 7.3 Profiling of Urine and/or Blood. 7.4 Alternative Specimens. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a compilation of summarized analytical methods designed to serve the needs of pharmacologists, toxicologists, and other allied health professionals involved the development, use, or monitoring of pharmaceuticals. The summaries are structured monographs on 511 different drug entities detailing 964 different analytical methods, providing the reader with a thorough description of method validation. These analytical methods include not only high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but also gas chromatography (GC), immunoassay, electrophoresis, ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with UV (UPLC-UV) detection and mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). With more detailed and complete summariesthan sketchy and abbreviated formats used in the other books, this book provides a thorough description of method validation and results, as well as the operating parameters.Trade Review"This book is valuable for pharmacologists, toxicologists, and health professionals working in academic, industrial, and regulatory agencies who are involved in therapeutic drug monitoring. . . This is a comprehensive sourcebook that details 964 different analytical methods for 511 different drugs." (Doody's, 9 September 2011) "This is an important reference for students and professionals involved with barley research, production, trade, and utilization. Editor Ullrich is an agronomist affiliated with Washington State U." (Booknews, 1 April 2011) Table of ContentsPreface. MONOGRAPHS. Abacavir. Abecarnil. Acamprosate Calcium. Acebutolol Hydrochloride. Aceclofenac. Acemetacin. Acenocoumarol. Acetaminophen. Acetazolamide. Aconitine. Acrivastine. Acyclovir. Albendazole. Albuterol. Alcuronium Chloride. Alfentanil Hydrochloride. Alfuzosin Hydrochloride. Allobarbital. Allopurinol. Alprazolam. Alprenolol. Ambroxol Hydrochloride. Amikacin. Amiloride Hydrochloride. Amiodarone Hydrochloride. Amisulpride. Amitriptyline Hydrochloride. Amlodipine Besylate. Amobarbital. Amoxapine. Amoxicillin. Amphetamine. Amphotericin B. Ampicillin. Amprenavir. Amsacrine. Apomorphine Hydrochloride. Aripiprazole. Arotinolol Hydrochloride. Artemisinin. Artesunate. Aspirin. Atazanavir Sulfate. Atenolol. Azathioprine. Azithromycin. Baclofen. Barbital. Benactyzine Hydrochloride. Bendroflumethiazide. Benzthiazide. Benzylpenicillin Potassium. Betaxolol Hydrochloride. Biapenem. Bisoprolol Fumarate. Bromazepam. Bromisoval. Bromperidol. Brompheniramine Maleate. Buflomedil Hydrochloride. Bumetanide. Buparvaquone. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride. Buprenorphine. Bupropion Hydrochloride. Buspirone Hydrochloride. Busulfan. Caffeine. Candesartan Cilexetil. Canrenone. Capecitabine. Capreomycin Sulfate. Carbamazepine. Carbidopa. Carbinoxamine Maleate. Carboplatin. Carbromal. Carteolol Hydrochloride. Carvedilol. Caspofungin Acetate. Cathine. Cefaclor. Cefadroxil. Cefalexin. Cefazolin Sodium. Cefdinir. Cefditoren Pivoxil. Cefepime Hydrochloride. Cefixime. Cefotaxime Sodium. Cefozopran Hydrochloride. Cefpiramide. Cefpirome Sulfate. Cefpodoxime Proxetil. Cefprozil. Ceftazidime. Ceftibuten. Ceftiofur Hydrochloride. Ceftizoxime Sodium. Ceftriaxone Sodium. Cefuroxime. Celecoxib. Celiprolol Hydrochloride. Cephalexin Hydrochloride. Cetirizine Hydrochloride. Chloramphenicol. Chlordiazepoxide. Chlorhexidine Acetate. Chlorothiazide. Chlorphenamine Maleate. Chlorpromazine. Chlorpropamide. Chlorthalidone. Cilnidipine. Cimetidine. Ciprofloxacin. Cisapride. Cisplatin. Citalopram Hydrobromide. Clarithromycin. Clavulanate Potassium. Clemastine Fumarate. Clenbuterol Hydrochloride. Clinafloxacin Hydrochloride. Clobazam. Clofazimine. Clomipramine Hydrochloride. Clonazepam. Clonidine. Clopamide. Cloperastine. Clotiapine. Cloxacillin. Clozapine. Cocaine. Codeine. Cotinine. Cyclopenthiazide. Cyclophosphamide. Cyclosporine. Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride. Cytarabine. Dabigatran Etexilate. Dapsone. Daptomycin. Darunavir. Debrisoquine Sulfate. Decitabine. Delavirdine Mesylate. Derxazoxane. Desipramine Hydrochloride. Desloratadine. Dexamethasone. Dexfenfluramine Hydrochloride. Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide. Dextromoramide Tartrate. Diamorphine Hydrochloride. Diazepam. Dibenzepin Hydrochloride. Diclofenac Sodium. Diclofenamide. Dicloxacillin Sodium. Didanosine. Digoxin. Diltiazem Hydrochloride. Dimethylformamide. Dimethylsulfoxide. Diphemanil Metilsulfate. Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride. Diphenylpyraline Hydrochloride. Diprophylline. Dipyridamole. Dipyrone. Docetaxel. Donepezil Hydrochloride. Dopamine Hydrochloride. Doripenem. Dosulepin Hydrochloride. Doxapram Hydrochloride. Doxazosin Mesylate. Doxepin Hydrochloride. Doxifluridine. Doxofylline. Doxorubicin Hydrochloride. Doxycycline. Doxylamine Succinate. Droloxifene. Droperidol. Drospirenone. Ecabet Sodium. Efavirenz. Emedastine Difumarate. Emtricitabine. Enalapril Maleate. Enoxacin. Enoxolone (Glycyrrhetic Acid). Ephedrine Hydrochloride. Epinephrine. Eprosartan Mesylate. Erlotinib Hydrochloride. Ertapenem Sodium. Escitalopram Oxalate. Esmolol Hydrochloride. Estazolam. Ethacrynic Acid. Ethambutol Hydrochloride. Ethionamide. Ethosuximide. Ethotoin. Etodolac. Etoposide. Everolimus. Famotidine. Faropenem Sodium. Felbamate. Felodipine. Fenoterol. Fenretinide. Fentanyl Citrate. Fexofenadine Hydrochloride. Flavopiridol. Flecainide Acetate. Fleroxacin. Floxacillin. Fluconazole. Flucytosine. Flunarizine Hydrochloride. Flunitrazepam. Fluorouracil. Fluoxetine Hydrochloride. Flupentixol Decanoate. Fluphenazine Hydrochloride. Flurbiprofen Sodium. Fluvoxamine Maleate. Formic Acid. Furosemide. Gabapentin. Ganciclovir. Garenoxacin Mesylate. Gatifloxacin. Gemcitabine Hydrochloride. Gemfibrozil. Glibenclamide. Glimepiride. Gluconolactone. Griseofulvin. Haloperidol. Heptabarbital. Homochlorcyclizine Hydrochloride. Hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrocortisone. Ibafloxacin. Ibudilast. Ibuprofen. Ifenprodil Tartrate. Ifosfamide. Imatinib Mesylate. Imidafenacin. Imipenem. Imipramine. Indapamide. Indinavir Sulfate. Indomethacin. Iomeprol. Iprindole Hydrochloride. Irbesartan. Isepamicin. Isoniazid. Itraconazole. Kanamycin A. Ketamine Hydrochloride. Ketanserin. Ketobemidone Hydrochloride. Ketoconazole. Ketoprofen. Ketorolac Tromethamine. Ketotifen Fumarate. Labetalol Hydrochloride. Lacidipine. Lamivudine. Lamotrigine. Lansoprazole. Lapatinib Ditosylate. Lercanidipine Hydrochloride. Levetiracetam. Levocetirizine. Levodopa. Levofloxacin. Levomepromazine Hydrochloride. Levonorgestrel. Lidocaine. Lomefloxacin Hydrochloride. Lopinavir. Loratadine. Lorazepam. Losartan Potassium. Loxapine. Lysergide. Manidipine Hydrochloride. Maprotiline. Mefruside. Melitracen Hydrochloride. Meloxicam. Melperone Hydrochloride. Mepindolol Sulfate. Mercaptopurine. Meropenem. Mesalazine. Mesuximide. Metformin Hydrochoride. Methadone Hydrochloride. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride. Methcathinone. Methotrexate. Methyclothiazide. 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Methylephedrine Hydrochloride. Metoclopramide Hydrochloride. Metolazone. Metoprolol. Metronidazole. Mexiletine Hydrochloride. Mianserin Hydrochloride. Midazolam Hydrochloride. Milnacipran Hydrochloride. Minocycline Hydrochloride. Minoxidil. Mirtazapine. Mitotane. Moclobemide. Modafinil. Montelukast Sodium. Morphine. Moxifloxacin. Mycophenolate Mofetil. Nadolol. Nafcillin Sodium. Naftifine Hydrochloride. Naproxen Sodium. Nateglinide. Nelfinavir Mesylate. Nevirapine. Nicardipine Hydrochloride. Nifedipine. Nimesulide. Nimodipine. Nisoldipine. Nitrazepam. Nitrendipine. Nizatidine. Nordazepam. Norepinephrine Bitartrate. Norfloxacin. Nortriptyline Hydrochloride. Nystatin. Octopamine. Ofloxacin. Olanzapine. Olopatadine Hydrochloride. Omeprazole. Opipramol Hydrochloride. Orphenadrine Citrate. Oxacillin Sodium. Oxazepam. Oxcarbazepine. Oxolinic Acid. Oxprenolol Hydrochloride. Paclitaxel. Paroxetine. Pasiniazide. Pefloxacin Mesylate. Pemoline. Penciclovir. Pentazocine Hydrochloride. Pentisomide. Pentobarbital. Pentoxifylline. Perazine Dimalonate. Perifosine. Perphenazine. Pethidine Hydrochloride. Phenazone. Phencyclidine Hydrochloride. Phenethylamine. Pheneturide. Phenobarbital Sodium. Penicillin V. Phenprocoumon. Phenylethanolamine. Phenytoin. Pimozide. Pindolol. Pipamperone. Piperacillin Sodium. Pipethanate Ethobromide. Pirarubicin. Piroxicam. Posaconazole. Prednisolone. Pregabalin. Primidone. Probenecid. Procainamide Hydrochloride. Proguanil Hydrochloride. Promethazine Hydrochloride. Propofol. Propranolol Hydrochloride. Protionamide. Protriptyline Hydrochloride. Pseudoephedrine. Pyrazinamide. Pyrimethamine. Quetiapine Fumarate. Quinethazone. Quinine Sulfate. Raltegravir Potassium. Ranitidine Hydrochloride. Reboxetine Mesylate. Resveratrol. Ribavirin. Rifampin. Rifapentine. Riluzole. Risperidone. Ritonavir. Rizatriptan Benzoate. Rofecoxib. Rogletimide. Ropivacaine Hydrochloride. Salicylic Acid. Saquinavir. Secbutabarbital Sodium. Secobarbital Sodium. Serotonin. Sertraline Hydrochloride. Sildenafil Citrate. Sirolimus. Sodium Valproate. Sotalol Hydrochloride. Sparfloxacin. Spironolactone. Stavudine. Sufentanil Citrate. Sulfadiazine. Sulfadoxine. Sulfamerazine. Sulfamethizole. Sulfamethoxazole. Sulfaquanidine. Sulpiride. Sultopride Hydrochloride. Sumatriptan Succinate. Tacrine Hydrochloride. Tacrolimus. Tadalafil. Tamoxifen Citrate. Tegaserod Maleate. Telithromycin. Telmisartan. Temazepam. Teniposide. Tenofovir. Terazosin Hydrochloride. Terbutaline Sulfate. Tertatolol Hydrochloride. Testosterone. Tetracaine Hydrochloride. Theobromine. Theophylline. Thioguanine. Thioridazine. Thiotepa. Tiapride Hydrochloride. Timolol Maleate. Tipranavir. Tobramycin. Tolbutamide. Toloxatone. Topiramate. Toremifene Citrate. Torsemide. Tosufloxacin. Tramadol Hydrochloride. Triamterene. Triazolam. Trimethoprim. Trimipramine. Triprolidine Hydrochloride. Tryptophan. Tyramine Hydrochloride. Valacyclovir Hydrochloride. Valganciclovir Hydrochloride. Valproic Acid. Vancomycin Hydrochloride. Venlafaxine Hydrochloride. Verapamil Hydrochloride. Vigabatrin. Viloxazine Hydrochloride. Vincristine Sulfate. Vinorelbine Tartrate. Voriconazole. Vorinostat. Warfarin Sodium. Zalcitabine. Zidovudine. Zolmitriptan. Zonisamide. Zopiclone. Zotepine. Zuclopenthixol Hydrochloride. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBasics of Biomedical Ultrasound for Engineers is a structured textbook for university engineering courses in biomedical ultrasound and for researchers in the field. This book offers a tool for building a solid understanding of biomedical ultrasound, and leads the novice through the field in a step-by-step manner.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Prelude and Basic Definitions. The Advantages of Using Ultrasound in Medicine. A General Statement on Safety. Some Common Applications of Ultrasound. What Is It that We Need to Know? References. 1 Waves—A General Description. 1.1 General Definitions of Waves—A Qualitative Description. 1.2 General Properties of Waves—A Qualitative Description. 1.3 Mechanical One-Dimensional Waves. 1.4 The Wave Function. 1.5 The Wave Equation. 1.6 Harmonic Waves. 1.7 Group Waves. 1.8 Wave Velocity. 1.9 Standing Waves (a Mathematical Description). 1.10 Spherical Waves. 1.11 Cylindrical Waves. 1.12 The Wave Equation in a Nonhomogeneous Medium. References. 2 Waves In A One-Dimensional Medium. 2.1 The Propagation Speed of Transverse Waves in a String. 2.2 Vibration Frequencies for a Bounded String. 2.3 Wave Reflection (Echo) in a One-Dimensional Medium. 2.4 Special Cases. 2.5 Wave Energy in Strings. 2.6 Propagation of Longitudinal Waves in an Isotropic Rod or String. 2.7 A Clinical Application of Longitudinal Waves in a String. References. 3 Ultraspmoc Waves in Fluids. 3.1 Waves in Fluids. 3.2 Compressibility. 3.3. Longitudinal Waves in Fluids. 3.4 The Wave Energy. 3.5 Intensity. 3.6 Radiation Pressure. 3.7 A Perfect Reflector. References. 4 Propogation of Acoustic Waves in Solid Materials. 4.1 Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids. 4.2 The Elastic Strain. 4.3 Stress. 4.4 Hooke’s Law and Elastic Coefficients. 4.5 The Wave Equation for an Elastic Solid Material. 4.6 Propagation of a Harmonic Planar Wave in a Solid Material. References. 5 Attenuation and Dispersion. 5.1 The Attenuation Phenomenon. 5.2 Explaining Attenuation with a Simple Model. 5.3 Attenuation Dependency on Frequency. 5.4 The Complex Wave Number. 5.5 Speed of Sound Dispersion. 5.6 The Nonlinear Parameter B/A. References. 6 Reflection and Transmission. 6.1 The Acoustic Impedance. 6.2 Snell’s Law. 6.3 Reflection and Transmission from Boundaries Separating Two Fluids (or Solids with No Shear Waves). 6.4 Reflection from a Free Surface in Solids (Mode Conversion). 6.5 Reflection and Transmission from a Liquid– Solid Boundary. References. 7 ACOUSTIC LENSES AND MIRRORS. 7.1 Optics. 7.2 Optics and Acoustics. 7.3 An Ellipsoidal Lens. 7.4 Spherical Lenses. 7.5 Zone Lenses. 7.6 Acoustic Mirrors (Focusing Reflectors). References. 8 Transducers and Acoustic Fields. 8.1 Piezoelectric Transducers. 8.2 The Acoustic Field. 8.3 The Field of a Point Source. 8.4 The Field of a Disc Source. 8.5 The Field of Various Transducers. 8.6 Phased-Array Transducers. 8.7 Annular Phased Arrays. References. 9 Ultrasonic Imaging Using the Pulse-Echo Technique. 9.1 Basic Definitions in Imaging. 9.2 The “A-Line”. 9.3 Scatter Model for Soft Tissues. 9.4 Time Gain Compensation. 9.5 Basic Pulse-Echo Imaging (B-Scan). 9.6 Advanced Methods for Pulse-Echo Imaging. References. 10 Special Imaging Techniques. 10.1 Acoustic Impedance Imaging—Impediography. 10.2 Elastography. 10.3 Tissue Speckle Tracking. 10.4 Through-Transmission Imaging. 10.5 Vibro-acoustic Imaging. 10.6 Time Reversal. 10.7 Ultrasonic Computed Tomography. 10.8 Contrast Materials. 10.9 Coded Excitations. References. 11 Doppler Imaging Techniques. 11.1 The Doppler Effect. 11.2 Velocity Estimation. 11.3 Frequency Shift Estimation. 11.4 Duplex Imaging (Combined B-Scan and Color Flow Mapping). References. 12 Safety and Therapuetic Applications. 12.1 Effects Induced by Ultrasound and Safety. 12.2 Ultrasonic Physiotherapy. 12.3 Lithotripsy. 12.4 Hyperthermia HIFU and Ablation. 12.5 Drug Delivery. 12.6 Gene Therapy. 12.7 Cosmetic Applications. References. Appenidx A: Typical Acoustic Properties of Tissues. Appendix B: Exemplary Problems. Appendix C: Answers to Exemplary Problems. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBalanced coverage of natural cosmetics, and what it really means to be green The use of natural ingredients and functional botanical compounds in cosmetic products is on the rise. According to industry estimates, sales of natural personal care products have exceeded $7 billion in recent years. Nonetheless, many misconceptions about natural products?for instance, what green and organic really mean?continue to exist within the industry. Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products addresses this confusion head-on, exploring and detailing the sources, processing, safety, efficacy, stability, and formulation aspects of natural compounds in cosmetic and personal care products. Designed to provide industry professionals and natural product development experts with the essential perspective and market information needed to develop truly green cosmetics, the book covers timely issues like biodegradable packaging and the potential microbial risks they presTrade Review"I highly recommend this book for professionals interested in cosmetics as well as physicians, pharmacists, and naturopathic doctors, and those interested in knowing the intricate world regarding the production, regulation, packaging, benefits, and risks inherent to various natural products used as cosmetics." (Herbalgram, 1 November 2013) "Chapters are strengthened by comprehensive referencing. From pharmacology to packaging, from Ayurvedic medicine to composting of containers, it is all here. This comprehensive text may well become the definitive work on this subject." (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 8 November 2011)Table of ContentsPreface Contributors Part I Market and Trends. Chapter 1. The natural personal care market (Darrin C. Duber Smith). Chapter 2. Consumer and formulator of natural cosmetic products: understanding and integrating each other needs (Yi Hsin Chang). Chapter 3. The Mechanics of Developing a Natural/Organic Non-governmental Cosmetic Standard (Amy B. Olson). Part II Regulatory Aspects. Chapter 4. Regulatory perspective of natural and organic claims for cosmetic products (Azalea Rosholt). Chapter 5. The US legal perspective on making natural and organic claims for cosmetic products (Miriam Guggenheim and Mary Joy Ballantyne). Chapter 6. Regulatory and safety aspects of natural fragrance ingredients (Anne Marrie Api and Matthias Vey). Chapter 7. Advertising self regulation- a review of cosmetic claims and natural/organic claims (Annie Ugurlayan). Part III Safety Aspects. Chapter 8. The safety assessment of plant derived ingredients in cosmetics (Viny Srinivasam and Eric Antignac). Chapter 9. Approaches to assessing consumer safety of botanical ingredients with emphasis to type I allergy (Esperanza Troyano, Donna Mc Millan, Katherine Sarlo, Lijuan Li. Rohan Wimalasena). Chapter 10. Preserving cosmetics with natural preservatives and preserving natural cometics (James Flanagan). Chapter 11. Microbial risks for Eco-friendly packaging (John Yablonki, Sharon Mancuso). Part IV Use of Natural Ingredients. Chapter 12. Formulating Natural Cosmetics with Oils, Fats, Butters, and Waxes (Mark Garrison and Nava Dayan). Chapter 13. Natural Antioxidants and their Effects on the Skin (Anne Pouillot, Luigi L. Polla, Philippe Tacchini, Alice Neequaye, Ada Polla, Barbara Polla). Chapter 14. The use of quercetin and curcumin in skin care and consumer products (Brian Kilfoyle, Dishka Kausjik, Jenna Terebeski, Sonali Bose, Bo Michniak Kohn). Chapter 15. Ayruvedic Ingredients in cosmetics (Raja Sivalenka and Mangathayaru Putrevu). Chapter 16. Formulating with traditional Chinese medicine herbs (Ina Scienoff and Robin Choi). Chapter 17. The inside-out concept as complement to the use of topical sunscreen: The case for endogenous skin photoprotection form sunlight by natural dietary actives such as tomato carotenoids (Joseph Levi and Yoav Sharoni). Part V Analysis of Naturals. Chapter 18. Chromatographic Techniques for the Analysis of Natural Products in Cosmetics (Stefan Gafner Jacquelyn R. Villinski). Chapter 19. The use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the identification of biomarkers for quality control of plant extracts (Kan He and Marc Roller). Part IV Biodegradation. Chapter 20. Biodegredability evaluation for cosmetic ingredients and finished products (Jennifer K. Saxe). Cahpter 21. Overview of Biodegradable Packaging, Methods and Current Trends (Gaurav Kale). Index

Read more less

Book Synopsis Organised according to presenting signs, with discussion of appropriate investigations Outlines strengths and weaknesses of different imaging modalities and discusses appropriate choice of technique in each instance Reviews differential diagnoses and corroborative tests Table of ContentsForeword xiii Preface xv Contributors xvii 1 Adrenal Imaging 1Khaled M. Elsayes, Isaac R. Francis, Melvyn Korobkin and Gerard M. Doherty 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Cushing’s syndrome 2 1.3 Primary hyperaldosteronism 5 1.4 Pheochromocytoma 8 1.5 Adrenal cortical carcinoma 12 1.6 Adrenal incidentaloma 15 2 Retroperitoneal Masses 21Pietro Pavlica, Massimo Valentino and Libero Barozzi 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Retroperitoneal anatomy 21 2.3 Pathological conditions 22 2.4 Primary solid retroperitoneal tumors 22 2.5 Retroperitoneal lymphoma 27 2.6 Cystic retroperitoneal masses 30 2.7 Retroperitoneal metastases 32 2.8 Retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond’s disease) 33 2.9 Retroperitoneal fluid collections (traumatic and non-traumatic) 35 References 41 3 Imaging of Renal Artery Stenosis 43Robert Hartman 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Clinical features 43 3.3 Pathology 45 3.4 Imaging of suspected renal artery stenosis 45 References 51 4 Renal Masses 53Philip J. Kenney 4.1 Introduction 53 4.2 Symptomatic renal carcinoma 53 4.3 Incidental renal masses 55 4.4 Patients with a known cancer (other than RCC) 62 4.5 Renal mass in patients with symptoms 63 4.6 Vascular lesions presenting as a renal mass 68 4.7 Renal mass in patients with cystic disease 72 4.8 Treatment 73 References 73 5 Non-neoplastic Renal Cystic Lesions 75Sameh K. Morcos 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Classification 75 5.3 Cystic lesions affecting renal cortex 76 5.4 Cystic lesions of renal medulla 80 5.5 Cystic diseases affecting both the cortex and medulla 86 References 97 6 Urological and Vascular Complications Post-renal Transplantation 99Tarek El-Diasty and Yasser Osman 6.1 Introduction 99 6.2 Vascular complications 99 6.3 Urological complications 107 6.4 Ureteric strictures 110 6.5 Post-transplant lymphocele 113 6.6 Delayed graft function (DGF) 116 6.7 Post-transplant bladder malignancy 119 References 120 7 Urinary Tract Injuries 121Elliott R. Friedman, Stanford M. Goldman and Tung Shu 7.1 Introduction 121 7.2 Renal trauma 121 7.3 Adrenal trauma 130 7.4 Ureteral trauma 131 7.5 Bladder trauma 133 7.6 Urethral trauma 136 7.7 Penile and scrotal trauma 142 References 147 8 Urinary Tract Infections 149Mikael Hellström, Ulf Jodal, Rune Sixt and Eira Stokland 8.1 Symptomatic urinary tract infection in children 149 8.2 Symptomatic upper urinary tract infection in adults 167 8.3 Emphysematous pyelonephritis 173 8.4 Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis 174 8.5 Urinary tract infection in the immunocompromised patient 177 8.6 Tuberculosis 179 8.7 Schistosomiasis 183 8.8 Hydatid disease (echinococcosis) 188 8.9 Urethritis 191 References 193 9 Imaging of the Genitourinary System – Urolithiasis 195Sami A Moussa and Paramananthan Mariappan 9.1 Introduction 195 9.2 Pathology 195 9.3 Clinical features 197 9.4 Evaluation of patients with suspected urinary stones 198 9.5 Treatment 198 9.6 Imaging 199 References 218 10 Hematuria 219Thomas Bretlau, Kirstine L. Hermann, Jørgen Nordling and Henrik S. Thomsen 10.1 Definition 219 10.2 Clinical considerations 219 10.3 Diagnosis of hematuria 220 10.4 Epidemiology 220 10.5 Distribution of malignancy in patients with hematuria 223 10.6 Imaging 223 10.7 Summary 230 References 234 11 Bladder Cancer 235G. Heinz-Peer and C. Kratzik 11.1 Introduction 235 11.2 Clinical features 237 11.3 Pathology 239 11.4 Imaging findings 243 11.5 Treatment planning 253 11.6 Post-treatment Imaging 254 11.7 Summary 254 References 255 12 Imaging of Urinary Diversion 257Sameh Hanna and Hesham Badawy 12.1 Introduction 257 12.2 Indications for urinary diversion 257 12.3 Types of urinary diversion 257 12.4 Non-continent cutaneous form of diversion 258 12.5 Continent cutaneous urinary diversion (Continent Catheterizing Pouches) 258 12.6 Non-orthotopic continent diversion, relying on the anal sphincter for continence 260 12.7 Orthotopic form of diversion to the native, intact urethra (neobladder) 261 12.8 Contraindications to urinary diversion 264 12.9 Complications of urinary diversions 264 12.10 The role of radiologist in urinary diversion includes 267 12.11 Imaging studies 268 12.12 Imaging of complications 269 12.13 Summary 271 References 271 13 Imaging of the Prostate Gland 273François Cornud 13.1 Introduction 273 13.2 Zonal anatomy and benign prostatic hypertrophy 273 13.3 Diagnosis of prostate cancer: TRUS features 276 13.4 Diagnostic of prostate cancer: MRI 284 13.5 Contrast-enhanced (dynamic) MRI 285 13.6 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) 290 13.7 Diffusion-weighted imaging 292 13.8 Indications of functional MRI 295 13.9 Extension of prostate cancer 297 13.10 Local extension by TRUS and TRUS-guided biopsy 297 13.11 MRI and staging of prostate cancer 298 13.12 Local staging 299 13.13 Lymph node metastases: lympho-MRI 304 13.14 Bone metastases: whole marrow MRI 304 13.15 Benign disorders of the prostate (BPH excluded) 305 References 321 14 Haemospermia 323Drew A. Torigian, Keith N. Van Arsdalen and Parvati Ramchandani 14.1 Introduction 323 14.2 Clinical features 323 14.3 Pathology 325 14.4 Imaging findings 325 14.5 Summary 337 References 337 15 Scrotal Masses 339Lorenzo E. Derchi and Alchiede Simonato 15.1 Introduction 339 15.2 Clinical features 339 15.3 Pathology 340 15.4 Imaging 340 15.5 Important principles in assessment of scrotal masses 341 15.6 Important problems in differentiating benign from malignant lesions 345 References 350 16 Gynaecological Adnexal Masses 351John A. Spencer and Michael J. Weston 16.1 Introduction 351 16.2 Clinical features 351 16.3 Pathology 352 16.4 Imaging 354 16.5 Standard radiographic techniques 355 16.6 Ultrasound (US) 355 16.7 MR Imaging (MRI) 366 16.8 Computed Tomography 373 References 379 17 Imaging of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 381Patricia Noël, Evis Sala and Caroline Reinhold 17.1 Abnormal uterine bleeding 381 17.2 Adenomyosis 382 17.3 Leiomyomas 385 17.4 Endometrial polyp 389 17.5 Endometrial hyperplasia 391 17.6 Endometrial carcinoma 394 17.7 Summary 396 References 397 18 Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 399Rania Farouk El Sayed 18.1 Introduction 399 18.2 Anatomical considerations 399 18.3 Pathophysiology of pelvic floor dysfunction 401 18.4 Clinical features 401 18.5 Imaging of pelvic floor dysfunction 404 18.6 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 407 References 413 19 Imaging of female infertility 415Ahmed-Emad Mahfouz and Hanan Sherif 19.1 Introduction 415 19.2 Polycystic ovary syndrome 415 19.3 Abnormalities of the fallopian tubes (Hydrosalpinx/Hematosalpinx, tubal block) 418 19.4 Fibroids 421 19.5 Adenomyosis 423 19.6 Developmental anomalies of the uterus 424 19.7 Endometriosis 429 19.8 Imaging 430 Index 431

Read more less

Book SynopsisAt last a new edition of the highly acclaimed book Clinical Trials in Psychiatry This book provides a concise but thorough overview of clinical trials in psychiatry, invaluable to those seeking solutions to numerous problems relating to design, methodology and analysis of such trials.Practical examples and applications are used to ground theory whenever possible. The Second Edition includes new information regarding: Recent important psychiatric trials More specific discussion of psychiatry in the USA and the particular problems of trials in the USA, including comments about the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) An extended chapter on meta-analysis Further discussion of sub-group analysis Special features include appendices outlining how to design and report clinical trials, what websites and software programs are appropriate and an extensive reference section. From the reviews of the First EdiTrade Review"A book to read from beginning to end.... Clinical Trials in Psychiatry covers all the most important issues and will be useful to all clinicians who are involved in conducting, or using the results of, clinical trials. It provides a highly persuasive account of the unique scientific advantages of randomised trials for those who remain unconvinced. It is very readable." (British Journal of Psychiatry, February 2009) "On balance, readers looking for a practical text to introduce them to the key issues will be well-satisfied with Clinical Trials in Psychiatry." (Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, Volume 19, Issue 1, 2009) "On balance, readers looking for a practical text to introduce them to the key issues will be well-satisfied with Clinical Trials in Psychiatry." (Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, Volume 19, Issue 1, 2009)Table of ContentsPreface to the first edition. Preface to the second edition. 1. Treatments, good, bad or worthless – and how do we tell? 1.1 Treatments worthless – and worse. 1.2 A brief history of treating the mentally ill. 1.3 Summary. 2. The randomized clinical trial. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The clinical trial. 2.3 Ethical issues in clinical trials. 2.4 Informed consent. 2.5 Compliance. 2.6 Summary. 3. Design issues in clinical trials. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Clinical trial designs. 3.3 Methods of randomization. 3.4 Methods of masking treatments. 3.5 The size of a clinical trial. 3.6 Interim analysis. 3.7 Summary. 4. Special problems of trials in psychiatry. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Explanatory versus pragmatic trials. 4.3 Complex interventions. 4.4 Outcome measures in psychiatry. 4.5 Summary. 5. Some statistical issues in the analysis of psychiatric trials. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 P-values and confidence intervals. 5.3 Using baseline data. 5.4 Longitudinal data. 5.5 Missing values and dropouts in longitudinal data. 5.6 Multiple outcome measures. 5.7 Intention-to-treat. 5.8 Economic evaluation of trials. 5.9 Number needed to treat. 6. Analysing data from a psychiatric trial: an example. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Beating the Blues. 6.3 Analysis of the post-treatment BDI scores. 6.4 Graphical displays and summary measure analysis of longitudinal data. 6.5 Random effects models for the BtB data. 6.6 The dropout problem in the BtB data. 6.7 Summary. 7. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Study selection. 7.3 Publication bias. 7.4 The statistics of meta-analysis. 7.5 Some examples of meta-analysis of psychiatric trials. 7.6 Summary. 8. RCTs in psychiatry: threats, challenges and the future. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Can randomized clinical trials in psychiatry be justified? 8.3 Are randomized clinical trials really necessary? 8.4 Conflicts of interest. 8.5 Scandals, trials and tribulations. 8.6 The future of psychiatric trials. 8.7 Defending the clinical trial. 8.8 Summary. Appendix A. Issues in the management of clinical trials- 'how to do it'. A.1 Introduction. A.2 Clinical trial protocols. A.3 Getting the costs right. A.4 Collecting and managing the data. A.5 Writing the patient information sheet. A.6 Getting informed consent. A.7 Maintaining recruitment. A.8 Useful web sites. Appendix B. Writing a trial report. B.1 Introduction. Appendix C. Useful software for clinical trials. C.1 Introduction. C.2 Data management. C.3Design. C.4 Analysis. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSince the first edition was published in 1998, considerable advances have been made in the fields of pitch perception and speech perception. In addition, there have been major changes in the way that hearing aids work, and the features they offer. This book will provide an understanding of the changes in perception that take place when a person has cochlear hearing loss so the reader understands not only what does happen, but why it happens. It interrelates physiological and perceptual data and presents both this and basic concepts in an integrated manner. The goal is to convey an understanding of the perceptual changes associated with cochlear hearing loss, of the difficulties faced by the hearing-impaired person, and the limitations of current hearing aids.Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1. Physiological Aspects of Cochlear Hearing Loss. I. INTRODUCTION. II.LINEAR AND NONLINEAR SYSTEMS. III. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE OUTER AND MIDDLE EAR. IV. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NORMAL COCHLEA. 1. The cochlea, the basilar membrane and the organ of Corti. 2. Tuning on the basilar membrane. 3. The nonlinearity of input-output functions on the BM. 4. Two-tone suppression. 5. Combination tone generation. 6. Responses of the BM to complex sounds. 7. Otoacoustic emissions. V. NEURAL RESPONSES IN THE NORMAL AUDITORY NERVE. 1. Spontaneous firing rates and thresholds. 2. Tuning curves and iso-rate contours. 3. Rate-versus-level functions. 4. Two-tone suppression. 5. Phase locking. VI. TYPES OF HEARING LOSS. VII. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DAMAGED COCHLEA. 1. BM responses. 2. Neural responses. 3. Structure-function correlation. 4. Otoacoustic emissions. 5. Phase locking. VIII. CONCLUSIONS. Chapter 2. Absolute Thresholds. I. INTRODUCTION. II. MEASURES OF ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD. 1. Minimum audible pressure (MAP). 2. Minimum audible field (MAF). 3. Comparison of MAP and MAF. 4. The audiogram. III. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SEVERITY OF HEARING LOSS. IV. CAUSES OF HEARING LOSS DUE TO COCHLEAR DAMAGE. V. PERCEPTUAL CONSEQUENCES OF ELEVATED ABSOLUTE THRESHOLDS. Chapter 3. Masking, Frequency Selectivity and BM Nonlinearity. I. INTRODUCTION. II. THE MEASUREMENT OF FREQUENCY SELECTIVITY USING MASKING. 1. Introduction. 2. The power spectrum model. 3. Estimating the shape of a filter. III. ESTIMATING FREQUENCY SELECTIVITY FROM MASKING EXPERIMENTS. 1. Psychophysical tuning curves. 2. The notched-noise method. IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AUDITORY FILTER IN NORMAL HEARING. 1. Variation with centre frequency. 2. Variation with level. 3. Summary. V. MASKING PATTERNS AND EXCITATION PATTERNS. 1. Masking patterns. 2. Relationship of the auditory filter to the excitation pattern. 3. Changes in excitation patterns with level. 4. Possible effects of suppression. VI. NON-SIMULTANEOUS MASKING. 1. Basic properties of non-simultaneous masking. 2. Evidence for suppression from non-simultaneous masking. 3. The enhancement of frequency selectivity revealed in non-simultaneous masking. 4. Relation between the growth of forward masking and the BM input-output function. VII. THE AUDIBILITY OF PARTIALS IN COMPLEX TONES. VIII. EFFECTS OF COCHLEAR DAMAGE ON FREQUENCY SELECTIVITY IN SIMULTANEOUS MASKING. 1. Complicating factors. 2. Psychophysical tuning curves. 3. Auditory filter shapes measured with notched noise. IX. THE USE OF MASKING TO DIAGNOSE DEAD REGIONS. 1. The TEN test. 2. The TEN(HL) test. 3. Prevalence of dead regions assessed using the TEN(HL) test. X. EFFECTS OF COCHLEAR DAMAGE ON FORWARD MASKING AND SUPPRESSION . XI. EFFECTS OF COCHLEAR HEARING LOSS ON BM INPUT-OUTPUT FUNCTIONS. XII. PERCEPTUAL CONSEQUENCES OF REDUCED FREQUENCY SELECTIVITY, LOSS OF SUPPRESSION AND STEEPER BM INPUT-OUTPUT FUNCTIONS. 1. Susceptibility to masking. 2. Timbre perception. 3. Perceptual consequences of dead regions. Chapter 4. Loudness Perception and Intensity Resolution. I. INTRODUCTION. II. LOUDNESS PERCEPTION FOR NORMALLY HEARING PEOPLE. 1. Equal-loudness contours and loudness level. 2. The scaling of loudness. 3. The detection of intensity changes. III. EFFECTS OF COCHLEAR HEARING LOSS ON LOUDNESS PERCEPTION. IV. A MODEL OF NORMAL LOUDNESS PERCEPTION. V. A MODEL OF LOUDNESS PERCEPTION APPLIED TO COCHLEAR HEARING LOSS. 1. Introduction. 2. Elevation of absolute threshold. 3. Reduced compressive nonlinearity. 4. Reduced IHC/neural function. 5. Reduced frequency selectivity. 6. Complete loss of functioning IHCs or neurones (dead regions). 7. Using the model to account for loudness recruitment. VI. EFFECTS OF BANDWIDTH ON LOUDNESS . 1. Normal hearing. 2. Impaired hearing. VII. EFFECTS OF COCHLEAR HEARING LOSS ON INTENSITY RESOLUTION. VIII. PERCEPTUAL CONSEQUENCES OF ALTERED LOUDNESS PERCEPTION. 1. Consequences of loudness recruitment and reduced dynamic range. 2. Perceptual consequences of reduced loudness summation. 3. Perceptual consequences of altered intensity discrimination. Chapter 5. Temporal Resolution and Temporal Integration. I. INTRODUCTION. II. MODELLING WITHIN-CHANNEL TEMPORAL RESOLUTION IN NORMAL HEARING. 1. Bandpass filtering. 2. The nonlinearity. 3. The sliding temporal integrator. 4. The decision device. 5. Characterising the nonlinear device and the sliding temporal integrator. III. TEMPORAL RESOLUTION IN NORMAL HEARING. 1. The effect of centre frequency on gap detection. 2. Temporal modulation transfer functions. 3. The rate of recovery from forward masking. IV. TEMPORAL RESOLUTION IN PEOPLE WITH COCHLEAR DAMAGE. 1. The influence of sound level on gap detection and the rate of decay of forward masking. 2. The influence of audible bandwidth on TMTFs and gap detection. 3. The influence of changes in the compressive nonlinearity. V. TEMPORAL INTEGRATION AT THRESHOLD. 1. Temporal integration in normally hearing people. 2. Temporal integration in people with cochlear hearing loss. 3. Explanations for reduced temporal integration in people with cochlear hearing loss. VI. TEMPORAL INTEGRATION AT SUPRATHRESHOLD LEVELS. VII. PERCEPTUAL CONSEQUENCES OF ABNORMAL TEMPORAL PROCESSING IN PEOPLE WITH COCHLEAR HEARING LOSS. 1. Consequences of abnormal temporal resolution. 2. Consequences of reduced temporal integration. Chapter 6. Pitch Perception and Frequency Discrimination. I. INTRODUCTION. II. THEORIES OF PITCH PERCEPTION. III. THE PERCEPTION OF THE PITCH OF PURE TONES BY NORMALLY HEARING PEOPLE. 1. The frequency discrimination of pure tones. 2. The perception of musical intervals. 3. The effect of level on pitch. IV. FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION OF PURE TONES BY PEOPLE WITH COCHLEAR HEARING LOSS. 1. Difference limens for frequency (DLFs). 2. Frequency modulation detection limens (FMDLs). V. THE PERCEPTION OF PURE-TONE PITCH FOR FREQUENCIES FALLING IN A DEAD REGION. VI. PITCH ANOMALIES IN THE PERCEPTION OF PURE TONES. VII. THE PITCH PERCEPTION OF COMPLEX TONES BY NORMALLY HEARING PEOPLE. 1. The phenomenon of the missing fundamental. 2. Discrimination of the repetition rate of complex tones. VIII. THEORIES OF PITCH PERCEPTION FOR COMPLEX TONES. 1. The representation of a complex tone in the peripheral auditory system. 2. Spectro-temporal pitch theories. 3. The relative importance of envelope and temporal fine structure. IX. PITCH PERCEPTION OF COMPLEX TONES BY PEOPLE WITH COCHLEAR HEARING LOSS. 1. Theoretical considerations. 2. Experimental studies. X. PERCEPTUAL CONSEQUENCES OF ALTERED FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION AND PITCH PERCEPTION. 1. Effects on speech perception. 2. Effects on music perception. Chapter 7. Spatial Hearing and Advantages of Binaural Hearing. I. INTRODUCTION. II. THE LOCALISATION OF SINUSOIDS. 1. Cues for localisation. 2. Performance of normally hearing people in localisation and lateralisation. 3. Performance of hearing-impaired people in localisation and lateralisation. III. THE LOCALISATION OF COMPLEX SOUNDS. 1. The role of transients and across-frequency comparisons. 2. Performance of normally hearing people. 3. Performance of people with cochlear hearing loss. 4. Reasons for large ITD and IID thresholds in people with cochlear hearing loss. IV. THE CONE OF CONFUSION, HEAD MOVEMENTS, AND PINNA CUES. 1. The cone of confusion. 2. The role of head movements. 3. Information provided by the pinnae. 4. Localisation using pinna cues by normal and hearing-impaired people. V. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON SOUND LOCALISATION. VI. THE PRECEDENCE EFFECT. 1. The precedence effect for normal hearing. 2. The precedence effect for impaired hearing. VII. BINAURAL MASKING LEVEL DIFFERENCES (MLDS). 1. MLDs for normally hearing people. 2. Mechanisms underlying MLDs. 3. MLDs for people with cochlear hearing loss. 4. Possible reasons for smaller MLDs in people with cochlear damage. VIII. HEAD SHADOW EFFECTS. 1. Benefits of head shadow for normally hearing people. 2. Benefits of head shadow for hearing-impaired people. IX. RELEASE FROM INFORMATIONAL MASKING. X. DIOTIC ADVANTAGES. XI. PERCEPTUAL CONSEQUENCES OF ABNORMAL BINAURAL AND SPATIAL HEARING IN PEOPLE WITH COCHLEAR DAMAGE. Chapter 8. Speech Perception. I. INTRODUCTION. II. THE MAGNITUDE OF THE NOISE PROBLEM. III. THE ROLE OF AUDIBILITY. 1. The Articulation Index and Speech Intelligibility Index. 2. Use of the AI or SII to predict speech intelligibility for the hearing impaired. 3. The intelligibility of speech in noise at high overall levels. 4. Comparison of detection and recognition for speech in noise. 5. The intelligibility of speech in quiet at high overall levels. 6. Simulation of hearing loss by selective filtering (frequency-dependant attenuation). 7. Simulation of hearing loss by masking. 8. Comparison of speech intelligibility for conductive and cochlear losses. 9. Conclusions on the role of audibility. IV. INFLUENCE OF DEAD REGIONS ON SPEECH PERCEPTION. V. CORRELATION BETWEEN PSYCHOACOUSTIC ABILITIES AND SPEECH PERCEPTION. VI. ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY SELECTIVITY ON VOWEL AND CONSONANT PERCEPTION. 1. Consonant perception. 2. Vowel perception. VII. INFLUENCE OF LOSS OF SENSITIVITY TO TEMPORAL FINE STRUCTURE. VIII. THE USE OF SIMULATIONS TO ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF PSYCHOACOUSTIC FACTORS IN SPEECH PERCEPTION. 1. Simulations of loudness recruitment combined with threshold elevation. 2. Simulations of reduced frequency selectivity. 3. Simulation of the combined effects of threshold elevation, recruitment and reduced frequency selectivity. 4. Simulation of reduced temporal resolution. IX. CONCLUSIONS. Chapter 9. Hearing Aids. I. INTRODUCTION. II. LINEAR AMPLIFICATION. 1. The difficulty of restoring audibility using linear aids. 2. Prescriptive fitting rules for linear hearing aids. III. COMPRESSION AMPLIFICATION. 1. Basic characteristics of AGC systems. 2. Varieties of AGC systems. 3. Rationales for the use of multi-band compression (and noise reduction). 4. Research on the effectiveness of multi-band syllabic compression. 5. Methods of initial fitting of hearing aids with multi-band compression. 6. Methods for fine tuning hearing aids with multi-band compression. 7. Slow-acting AGC systems. 8. Comparisons of ssslow-acting and fast-acting systems. 9. General conclusions about compression. IV. SOME GENERAL PROBLEMS WITH HEARING AIDS. 1. Inadequate gain at high frequencies. 2. Acoustic feedback. 3. Peakiness of frequency response. 4. The occlusion effect. 5. Time delays. V. METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE SPEECH-TO-NOISE RATIO. 1. Multi-channel noise reduction. 2. Directional microphones. 3. Binaural processing algorithms. VI. TRANSPOSITION AIDS FOR SEVERE AND PROFOUND HEARING LOSS. VII. COCHLEAR IMPLANTS. VIII. CONCLUDING REMARKS. Glossary. References.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAddressing the exploding interest in bioengineering for healthcare applications, this book provides readers with detailed yet easy-to-understand guidance on biomedical device engineering. Written by prominent physicians and engineers, Medical Devices: Surgical and Image-Guided Technologies is organized into stand-alone chapters covering devices and systems in diagnostic, surgical, and implant procedures. Assuming only basic background in math and science, the authors clearly explain the fundamentals for different systems along with such topics as engineering considerations, therapeutic techniques and applications, future trends, and more. After describing how to manage a design project for medical devices, the book examines the following: Instruments for laparoscopic and ophthalmic surgery, plus surgical robotics Catheters in vascular therapy and energy-based hemostatic surgical devices Tissue ablation systems and the varied uses of laserTable of ContentsPREFACE xvii CONTRIBUTORS xix PART I INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL DEVICES 1 1. Introduction 3 Martin Culjat 1.1 History of Medical Devices 3 1.2 Medical Device Terminology 6 1.3 Purpose of the Book 10 2. Design of Medical Devices 11 Gregory Nighswonger 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 The Medical Device Design Environment 11 2.2.1 US Regulation 12 2.2.2 Differences in European Regulation 13 2.2.3 Standards 14 2.3 Basic Design Phases 15 2.3.1 Feasibility 15 2.3.2 Planning and Organization—Assembling the Design Team 16 2.3.3 When to Involve Regulatory Affairs 17 2.3.4 Conceptualizing and Review 17 2.3.5 Testing and Refinement 20 2.3.6 Proving the Concept 20 2.3.7 Pilot Testing and Release to Manufacturing 22 2.4 Postmarket Activities 25 2.5 Final Note 25 PART II MINIMALLY INVASIVE DEVICES AND TECHNIQUES 27 3. Instrumentation for Laparoscopic Surgery 29 Camellia Racu-Keefer, Scott Um, Martin Culjat, and Erik Dutson 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Basic Principles 31 3.3 Laparoscopic Instrumentation 34 3.3.1 Trocars 34 3.3.2 Standard Laparoscopic Instruments 37 3.3.3 Additional Laparoscopic Instruments 42 3.3.4 Specimen Retrieval Bags 44 3.3.5 Disposable Instruments 44 3.4 Innovative Applications 45 3.5 Summary and Future Applications 46 4. Surgical Instruments in Ophthalmology 49 Allen Y. Hu, Robert M. Beardsley, and Jean-Pierre Hubschman 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Cataract Surgery 51 4.2.1 Basic Technique 51 4.2.2 Principles of Phacoemulsification 52 4.2.3 Phacoemulsification Instruments 54 4.2.4 Phacoemulsification Systems 55 4.2.5 Future Directions 56 4.3 Vitreoretinal Surgery 56 4.3.1 Basic Techniques 56 4.3.2 Principles of Vitrectomy 57 4.3.3 Vitrectomy Instruments 58 4.3.4 Vitrectomy Systems 60 4.3.5 Future Directions 60 4.4 Other Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures 61 4.5 Conclusion 62 5. Surgical Robotics 63 Jacob Rosen 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 Background and Leading Concepts 63 5.2.1 Human–Machine Interfaces: System Approach 65 5.2.2 Tissue Biomechanics 70 5.2.3 Teleoperation 72 5.2.4 Image-Guided Surgery 78 5.2.5 Objective Assessment of Skill 79 5.3 Commercial Systems 80 5.3.1 ROBODOC® (Curexo Technology Corporation) 80 5.3.2 daVinci (Intuitive Surgical) 83 5.3.3 Sensei® X (Hansen Medical) 84 5.3.4 RIO® MAKOplasty (MAKO Surgical Corporation) 86 5.3.5 CyberKnife (Accuray) 89 5.3.6 Renaissance™ (Mazor Robotics) 91 5.3.7 ARTAS® System (Restoration Robotics, Inc.) 92 5.4 Trends and Future Directions 93 6. Catheters in Vascular Therapy 99 Axel Boese 6.1 Introduction 99 6.2 Historic Overview 100 6.3 Catheter Interventions 102 6.4 Catheter and Guide Wire Shapes and Configurations 105 6.4.1 Catheters 105 6.4.2 Guide Wires 113 6.5 Conclusion 116 PART III ENERGY DELIVERY DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 119 7. Energy-Based Hemostatic Surgical Devices 121 Amit P. Mulgaonkar, Warren Grundfest, and Rahul Singh 7.1 Introduction 121 7.2 History of Energy-Based Hemostasis 122 7.3 Energy-Based Surgical Methods and Their Effects on Tissues 125 7.3.1 Disambiguation 126 7.3.2 Thermal Effects on Tissues 127 7.4 Electrosurgery 128 7.4.1 Electrosurgical Theory 128 7.4.2 Cutting and Coagulation Techniques 130 7.4.3 Equipment 131 7.4.4 Considerations and Complications 133 7.5 Future Of Electrosurgery 134 7.6 Conclusion 135 8. Tissue Ablation Systems 137 Michael Douek, Justin McWilliams, and David Lu 8.1 Introduction 137 8.2 Evolving Paradigms in Cancer Therapy 138 8.3 Basic Ablation Categories and Nomenclature 140 8.4 Hyperthermic Ablation 140 8.5 Fundamentals of In Vivo Energy Deposition 141 8.6 Hyperthermic Ablation: Optimizing Tissue Ablation 143 8.7 Radiofrequency Ablation 144 8.8 RFA: Basic Principles 145 8.9 RFA: In Vivo Energy Deposition 145 8.10 Optimizing RFA 147 8.11 Other Hyperthermic Ablation Techniques 149 8.11.1 Microwave Ablation (MWA) 149 8.11.2 MWA: Basic Principles 149 8.11.3 MWA: In Vivo Energy Deposition 151 8.11.4 Optimizing MWA 152 8.12 Laser Ablation 153 8.13 Hypothermic Ablation 154 8.13.1 Cryoablation: Basic Concepts 154 8.13.2 Cryoablation: In Vivo Considerations 154 8.13.3 Optimizing Cryoablation Systems 154 8.14 Chemical Ablation 157 8.15 Novel Techniques 158 8.15.1 High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) 158 8.15.2 Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) 159 8.16 Tumor Ablation and Beyond 160 9. Lasers in Medicine 163 Zachary Taylor, Asael Papour, Oscar Stafsudd, and Warren Grundfest 9.1 Introduction 163 9.1.1 Historical Perspective 164 9.1.2 Basic Operational Concepts 165 9.1.3 First Experimental MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) 166 9.2 Laser Fundamentals 167 9.2.1 Two-Level Systems and Population Inversion 167 9.2.2 Multiple Energy Levels 167 9.2.3 Mode of Operation 169 9.2.4 Beams and Optics 171 9.3 Laser Light Compared to Other Sources of Light 174 9.3.1 Temporal Coherence 174 9.3.2 Spectral Coherence (Line Width) 175 9.3.3 Beam Collimation 177 9.3.4 Short Pulse Duration 177 9.3.5 Summary 178 9.4 Laser–Tissue Interactions 178 9.4.1 Biostimulation 178 9.4.2 Photochemical Interactions 179 9.4.3 Photothermal Interactions 180 9.4.4 Ablation 180 9.4.5 Photodisruption 181 9.5 Lasers in Diagnostics 181 9.5.1 Optical Coherence Tomography 181 9.5.2 Fluorescence Angiography 184 9.5.3 Near Infrared Spectroscopy 185 9.6 Laser Treatments and Therapy 186 9.6.1 Overview of Current Medical Applications of Laser Technology 186 9.6.2 Retinal Photodynamic Therapy (Photochemical) 188 9.6.3 Transpupillary Thermal Therapy (TTT) (Photothermal) 188 9.6.4 Vascular Birth Marks (Photocoagulation) 190 9.6.5 Laser Assisted Corneal Refractive Surgery (Ablation) 191 9.7 Conclusions 196 PART IV IMPLANTABLE DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 197 10. Vascular and Cardiovascular Devices 199 Dan Levi, Allan Tulloch, John Ho, Colin Kealey, and David Rigberg 10.1 Introduction 199 10.2 Biocompatibility Considerations 200 10.3 Materials 202 10.3.1 316L Stainless Steel 203 10.3.2 Nitinol 203 10.3.3 Cobalt–Chromium Alloys 204 10.4 Stents 204 10.5 Closure Devices 206 10.6 Transcatheter Heart Valves 208 10.7 Inferior Vena Cava Filters 212 10.8 Future Directions–Thin Film Nitinol 214 10.9 Conclusion 216 11. Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices 219 Colin Kealey, Paymon Rahgozar, and Murray Kwon 11.1 Introduction 219 11.2 History 220 11.3 Basic Principles 221 11.3.1 Biocompatibility and Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices 221 11.3.2 Hemocompatibility: Microscopic Considerations 222 11.3.3 Hemocompatibility: Macroscopic Considerations 223 11.4 Engineering Considerations in Mechanical Circulatory Support 223 11.4.1 Overview 223 11.4.2 Pump Design 225 11.4.3 Positive Displacement Pumps 225 11.4.4 Rotary Pumps 226 11.4.5 Pulsatile Versus Nonpulsatile Flow 228 11.5 Devices 228 11.5.1 The HeartMate XVE Left Ventricular Assist System 228 11.5.2 The HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist System 231 11.5.3 Short-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support: The Intraaortic Balloon Pump 234 11.5.4 Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support: The Berlin Heart 237 11.6 The Future of MCS Devices 239 11.6.1 CorAide 239 11.6.2 HeartMate III 239 11.6.3 HeartWare 240 11.6.4 VentrAssist 240 11.7 Summary 240 12. Orthopedic Implants 241 Sophia N. Sangiorgio, Todd S. Johnson, Jon Moseley, G. Bryan Cornwall, and Edward Ebramzadeh 12.1 Introduction 241 12.1.1 Overview 241 12.1.2 History 243 12.2 Basic Principles 244 12.2.1 Optimization for Strength and Stiffness 245 12.2.2 Maximization of Implant Fixation to Host Bone 250 12.2.3 Minimization of Degradation 251 12.2.4 Sterilization of Implants and Instrumentation 253 12.3 Implant Technologies 253 12.3.1 Total Hip Replacement 254 12.3.2 Technology in Total Knee Replacement 263 12.3.3 Technology in Spine Surgery 268 12.4 Summary 272 PART V IMAGING AND IMAGE-GUIDED TECHNIQUES 275 13. Endoscopy 277 Gregory Nighswonger 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Ancient Origins 278 13.3 Modern Endoscopy 280 13.3.1 Creating Cold Light 280 13.3.2 Introduction of Rod-Lens Technology 280 13.4 Principles of Modern Endoscopy 283 13.4.1 Optics 284 13.4.2 Mechanics 284 13.4.3 Electronics 284 13.4.4 Software 285 13.5 The Imaging Chain 285 13.5.1 Light Source (1) 286 13.5.2 Telescope (2) 286 13.5.3 Camera Head (3) 287 13.5.4 Camera CCU (4) 287 13.5.5 Video Cables (5) 287 13.5.6 Monitor (6) 287 13.5.7 Image Management Systems (7) 288 13.6 Endoscopes for Today 288 13.6.1 Rigid Endoscopes—Designs to Enhance Functionality 289 13.6.2 Less Traumatic Ureterorenoscopes 290 13.6.3 Advances in Flexible Endoscope Design 291 13.6.4 Broader Functionality with New Technologies 294 13.6.5 Enhancing Video Capabilities 299 13.7 Endoscopy’s Future 301 14. Medical Ultrasound Devices 303 Rahul Singh and Martin Culjat 14.1 Introduction 303 14.2 Basic Principles of Ultrasound 304 14.2.1 Basic Acoustic Physics 304 14.2.2 Reflection and Refraction 307 14.2.3 Attenuation 307 14.2.4 Piezoelectricity 308 14.2.5 Ultrasound Systems 310 14.2.6 Resolution and Bandwidth 312 14.2.7 Beam Characteristics 314 14.3 Ultrasound Transducer Design 316 14.3.1 Piezoelectric Material 317 14.3.2 Backing Layers and Damping 318 14.3.3 Matching Layers 318 14.3.4 Mechanical Focusing 319 14.3.5 Electrical Matching 320 14.3.6 Sector Scanners 320 14.3.7 Array Transducers 322 14.3.8 Transducer Array Fabrication 325 14.3.9 Regulatory Considerations 327 14.4 Applications of Medical Ultrasound 329 14.4.1 Image Guidance Applications 330 14.4.2 Intravascular and Intracardiac Applications 332 14.4.3 Intraoral and Endocavity Applications 333 14.4.4 Surgical Applications 334 14.4.5 Ophthalmic Ultrasound 335 14.4.6 Doppler and Doppler Applications 336 14.4.7 Therapeutic Applications 336 14.5 The Future of Medical Ultrasound 338 15. Medical X-ray Imaging 341 Mark Roden 15.1 Introduction 341 15.2 X-ray Physics 342 15.2.1 Photon Interactions with Matter 342 15.2.2 Clinical Production of X-rays 343 15.2.3 Patient Dose Considerations 346 15.3 Two-Dimensional Image Acquisition 348 15.4 Image Acquisition Technologies and Techniques 351 15.4.1 Film 351 15.4.2 Computed Radiography 354 15.4.3 Digital Radiography 358 15.4.4 Clinical Applications of 2D X-ray Techniques 360 15.5 Basic 2D Processing Techniques 361 15.5.1 Independent Pixel Operations 362 15.5.2 Grouped Pixel Operations 363 15.5.3 Image Transformation Operations 366 15.6 Real-Time X-ray Imaging 367 15.6.1 Fluoroscopy Technology 367 15.6.2 Angiography 370 15.7 Three-Dimensional X-ray Imaging 372 15.8 Conclusion 373 16. Navigation in Neurosurgery 375 Jean-Jacques Lemaire, Eric J. Behnke, Andrew J. Frew, and Antonio A. F. DeSalles 16.1 Basics of Neurosurgery 375 16.1.1 General Technical Issues in Neurosurgery 375 16.1.2 Instrumentation in Neurosurgery 376 16.1.3 Complications 377 16.1.4 Functional Neurosurgery 378 16.1.5 Stereotactic Neurosurgery 378 16.1.6 Neuroimaging for Neurosurgery 379 16.2 Introduction to Neuronavigation 381 16.3 Neuronavigation Systems 381 16.3.1 The Tracking System 382 16.3.2 The Display Unit 383 16.3.3 The Control Unit 385 16.4 Implementation of Neuronavigation 386 16.4.1 Surgical Planning 386 16.4.2 Patient Registration 387 16.4.3 Navigation 389 16.5 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality 390 16.6 Summary/Future 391 REFERENCES 395 INDEX 425

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a thorough yet concise introduction to quantitative radiobiology and radiation physics, particularly the practical and medical application.Trade Review“This is a very comprehensive text that goes far beyond the content most would expect given the rather specific title.” (Scope, 1 March 2015) Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction ix 1 Anatomy and Physiology 1 2 The Cell 19 3 Radiation Characteristics and Units 41 4 Radiation Interactions with Tissue 61 5 Cell Survival Curves 81 6 Dna and Genetics 105 7 Radiation Damage and Repair of Cells 125 8 Normal and Malignant Cells 145 9 Radiation Effects on Tissues and Organs 161 10 Whole Body Radiation Effects 179 11 Radiation Treatment of Cancer 191 12 Radiation Biology of Diagnostic Imaging 203 13 Nuclear Medicine Radiation Biology 219 14 Environmental Radiation 241 15 Regulations and Risk 255 16 Biological Effects of Ultrasound 269 17 Biological Effects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 281 Answers to Odd-numbered Questions 297 Index 301

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides students, teachers, researchers, and clinicians with a strong and established source of information on advanced optical technologies that show real promise of being translated to clinical use.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. 1 Introduction to Optical Imaging in Clinical Medicine (Nicusor Iftimia, Daniel X. Hammer, and William R. Brugge). 2 Traditional Imaging Modalities in Clinical Medicine (Ileana Iftimia and Herbert Mower). 3 Current Imaging Approaches and Further Imaging Needs in Clinical Medicine: A Clinician’s Perspective (Gadi Wollstein and Joel S. Schuman, Cetin Karaca, Sevdenur Cizginer, and William R. Brugge, Ik-Kyung Jang and Jin-Man Cho, Peter K. Dempsey). 4 Advances in Retinal Imaging (Daniel X. Hammer). 5 Confocal Microscopy of Skin Cancers (Juliana Casagrande Tavoloni Braga, Itay Klaz, Alon Scope, Daniel Gareau, Milind Rajadhyaksha, and Ashfaq A. Marghoob). 6 High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in Gastroenterology (Melissa J. Suter, Brett E. Bouma, and Guillermo J. Tearney). 7 High-Resolution Confocal Endomicroscopy for Gastrointestinal Cancer Detection (Jonathan T. C. Liu, Jonathan W. Hardy, and Christopher H. Contag). 8 High-Resolution Optical Imaging in Interventional Cardiology (Thomas J. Kiernan, Bryan P. Yan, Kyoichi Mizuno, and Ik-Kyung Jang). 9 Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy in Cardio and Neuroimaging (Laura Marcu, Javier A. Jo, and Pramod Butte). 10 Advanced Optical Methods for Functional Brain Imaging: Time-Domain Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (Alessandro Torricelli, Davide Contini, Lorenzo Spinelli, Matteo Caffini, Antonio Pifferi, and Rinaldo Cubeddu). 11 Advances in Optical Mammography (Xavier Intes and Fred S. Azar). 12 Photoacoustic Tomography (Huabei Jiang and Zhen Yuan). 13 Optical Imaging and Measurement of Angiogenesis (Brian S. Sorg). 14 High-Resolution Phase-Contrast Optical Coherence Tomography for Functional Biomedical Imaging (Taner Akkin and Digant P. Davé). 15 Polarization Imaging (Mircea Mujat). 16 Nanotechnology Approaches to Contrast Enhancement in Optical Imaging and Disease-Targeted Therapy (Nicusor Iftimia, Lara Milane, Amy Oldenburg, and Mansoor Amiji). 17 Molecular Probes for Optical Contrast Enhancement of Gastrointestinal Cancers (Jonathan W. Hardy, Anson W. Lowe, Christopher H. Contag, and Jonathan T. C. Liu). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a unique focus on the application of nanotechnology to the sub-cellular level with respect to drug delivery and probing inter-cellular milieu. It provides a comprehensive review of the latest in this new, interdisciplinary field of biomedical research.Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. 1. An Introduction to Subcellular Nanomedicine: Current Trends and Future Developments (Gerard G. M. D’Souza and Volkmar Weissig). 2. Delivery of Nanonsensors to Measure the Intracellular Environment (Paul G. Coupland and Jonathan W. Aylott). 3. Cytoplasmic Diffi usion of Dendrimers and Dendriplexes (Alexander T. Florence and Pakatip Ruenraroengsak). 4. Endocytosis and Intracellular Trafficking of Quantum Dot-Ligand Bioconjugates (Tore-Geir Iversen, Nadine Frerker, and Kirsten Sandvig). 5. Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticle-Based Intracellular Biosensors and Therapeutic Agents (Neil Bricklebank). 6. Subcellular Fate of Nanodelivery Systems (Dusica Maysinger, Sebastien Boridy, and Eliza Hutter). 7. Intracellular Fate of Plasmid DNA Polyplexes (Kevin Maier and Ernst Wagner). 8. Intracellular Trafficking of Membrane Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Carbon Nanotubes (Bin Kang and Yaodong Dai). 9. Real-Time Particle Tracking for Studying Intracellular Transport of Nanotherapeutics (Clive Chen and Junghae Suh). 10. Tracking Intracellular Polymer Localization Via Fluorescence Microscopy (Simon C. W. Richardson). 11. Can QSAR Models Describing Small-Molecule Xenobiotics Give Useful Tips for Predicting Uptake and Localization of Nanoparticles in Living Cells? And If Not, Why Not? (Richard W. Horobin). 12. Self-Unpacking Gene Delivery Scaffolds (Millicent O. Sullivan). 13. Cellular Trafficking of Dendrimers (Yunus Emre Kurtoglu and Rangaramanujam M. Kannan). 14. Endolysosomolytically Active pH-Sensitive Polymeric Nanotechnology (Han Chang Kang and You Han Bae). 15. Uptake and Intracellular Dynamics of Proteins Internalized by Cell-Penetrating Peptides (Arwyn T. Jones). 16. Cargo Transport by Teams of Molecular Motors: Basic Mechanisms for Intracellular Drug Delivery (Melanie J. I. Müller, Florian Berger, Stegan Klumpp, and Reinhard Lipowsky). 17. The Potential of Photochemical Internalization (PCI) for the Cytosolic Delivery of Nanomedicines (Kristian Berg, Anette Weyergang, Anders Høgset, and Pål Kristian Selbo). 18. Peptide-Based Nanocarriers for Intracellular Delivery of Biologically Active Proteins (Seong Loong Lo and Shu Wang). 19. Organelle-Specific Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology: Active Cellular Transport of Submicro- and Nanoscale Particles (Galya Orr). 20. Subcellular Targeting of Virus-Envelope-Coated Nanoparticles (Jia Wang, Mohammad F. Saeed, Andrey A. Kolokoltsov, and Robert A. Davey). 21. Mitochondria-Targeted Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers (Volkmar Weissig and Gerard G.M. D’Souza). 22. Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Cytosolic Delivery of Biomacromolecules (Camilla Foged, Xiaona Jing, and Hanne Moerck Nielsen). 23. Therapeutic Nano-object Delivery to Subdomains of Cardiac Myocytes (Valeriy Lukyanenko). 24. Design Parameters Modulating Intracellular Drug Delivery: Anchoring to Specific Cellular Epitopes, Carrier Geometry, and Use of Auxiliary Pharmacological Agents (Silvia Muro and Vladimir R. Muzykantov). 25. Uptake Pathways Dependent Intracellular Trafficking of DNA Carrying Nanodelivery Systems (Ikramy A. Khalil, Yuma Yamada, Hidetaka Akita, and Hideyoshi Harashima). 26. Cellular Interactions of Plasmon-Resonant Gold Nanorods (Qingshan Wei and Alexander Wei). 27. Quantum Dot Labeling for Assessment of Intracellular Trafficking of Therapeutically Active Molecules (Diane J. Burgess and Mamta Kapoor). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis pocket reference guide is a must for all medical students and junior doctors preparing for exams in pharmacology or needing a rapid reminder during a clinical attachment. In light of the growing pressures on those who prescribe drugs to patients, increasing emphasis has been placed on the importance of pharmacology in the undergraduate medical curriculum. RapidClinical Pharmacology, with its concise, easy-to-use approach, offers an appealing format for students to use in both clinical practice and exam preparation and its one-page per drug/class'' layout easily facilitates the generation of a personal student formulary. Each chapter of the book mirrors each section of the BNF to allow easy cross-referencing and then each chapter is divided into consistent sections as per other books in the Rapid series. Rapid Clinical Pharmacologywill also be available as a mobile application for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and Blackberry. See wiley.com/go/mededTrade Review"This is an excellent pocket manual on core drugs for medical practitioners, especially those practicing in a British-oriented healthcare system." (Doody's, 13 January 2012) "The book is practical and made more so by its availability for mobile electronic devices such as iPhones, iPad, and so on. This book represents an important step in application of medical knowledge and technology by the bed side." (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 1 November 2011) Table of ContentsPreface, ix List of Abbreviations, xi Basic pharmacokinetic concepts Gastrointestinal system Histamine type 2 receptor antagonists, 5 Laxatives, 6 Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), 7 Cardiovascular system α-adrenoceptor antagonists (α blockers), 8 Adenosine, 9 Aldosterone antagonists, 10 Amiodarone, 11 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), 12 Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), 13 Antimuscarinics, 14 Aspirin, 15 β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β blockers), 16 Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), 18 Cardiac glycosides, 19 Clopidogrel, 20 Dipyridamole, 21 Fibrates, 22 Fibrinolytics, 23 Flecainide, 24 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, 25 Inotropic sympathomimetics, 26 Loop diuretics, 27 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), 28 Nitrates, 29 Potassium channel activators, 30 Statins, 31 Thiazide diuretics, 32 Tranexamic acid, 33 Vasoconstrictor sympathomimetics, 34 Warfarin, 35 Respiratory system β2 adrenoceptor agonists, 36 Histamine type 1 receptor antagonists, 37 Inhaled antimuscarinics, 38 Leukotriene receptor antagonists, 39 Oxygen, 40 Theophylline, 41 Central nervous system 5-HT1 agonists (triptans), 42 5-HT3 antagonists, 43 Antihistamine anti-emetics, 44 Antipsychotics – atypical, 45 Antipsychotics – typical, 46 Benzodiazepines, 47 Carbamazepine, 48 Dopamine antagonist anti-emetics, 49 Drugs for dementia, 50 Gabapentin and pregabalin, 51 Levodopa (L-dopa), 52 Lithium, 53 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 54 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 55 Opioid analgesia, 56 Other antiepileptics, 57 Other antiparkinsonian drugs, 58 Paracetamol, 59 Phenothiazine anti-emetics, 60 Phenytoin, 61 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 62 Sodium valproate, 63 Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 64 Infections Aciclovir, 65 Aminoglycosides, 66 Antifungals, 67 Antiretroviral agents, 68 Antituberculosis drugs, 69 Cephalosporins and other β lactams, 70 Penicillins, 71 Glycopeptide antibiotics, 72 Macrolides, 73 Metronidazole, 74 Nitrofurantoin, 75 Quinolones, 76 Tetracyclines, 77 Trimethoprim, 78 Endocrine system 5α-reductase inhibitors, 79 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) analogues, 80 Biguanides, 81 Bisphosphonates, 82 Carbimazole, 83 Corticosteroids, 84 Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors, 85 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, 86 Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), 87 Incretin mimetics, 88 Insulins, 89 Levothyroxine, 90 Propylthiouracil, 91 Sulfonylureas, 92 Thiazolidinediones, 93 Obstetrics, gynaecology and urinary tract disorders Contraceptives, 94 Mifepristone, 96 Oxybutynin, 97 Oxytocin, 98 Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 99 Malignant disease and immunosuppression Alkylating agents, 100 Anthracyclines, 101 Anti-androgens, 102 Antimetabolites, 103 Antiproliferative immunosuppressants, 104 Calcineurin inhibitors, 105 Other antineoplastic drugs, 106 Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), 107 Trastuzumab (Herceptin®), 108 Vinca alkaloids, 109 Musculoskeletal and joint diseases Allopurinol, 110 Aminosalicylic acid compounds (ASAs), 111 Colchicine, 112 Methotrexate, 113 Eye Antiglaucoma drugs, 114 Anaesthesia Depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents, 115 Etomidate, 116 Inhalational anaesthetics, 117 Lidocaine, 118 Non-depolarising blocking agents, 119 Propofol, 120 Thiopental sodium, 121 Intravenous fluids Blood and transfusion medicine Index of drugs, 127

Read more less

Book SynopsisEvidence-Based Neonatal Infections is expertly written by David Isaacs, an experienced author renowned forhis knowledge in both pediatric infections and evidence-based medicine. It critically analyses the evidence for decision making in neonatal infections. Evidence-Based Neonatal Infections *The first evidence-based text on neonatal infections *Provides practical guidance where evidence is poor *Complements David Isaacs' Evidence-Based Pediatric Infectious Diseases (9781405148580) Practical and evidence-based, Evidence-Based Neonatal Infections is designed to help the clinician with day-to-day decisions on the care of newborn babies with possible, probable or proven infections. It considers clinical questions relevant to neonatologists, analysing the evidence carefully and providing recommendations for optimum management of neonatal infectious diseases, whilst reflecting on: Efficacy and safety Trade Review“This is a comprehensive, brief, and very clinical approach to neonatal infections with an international flavor.” (Doody’s, 12 December 2014) “The book is a workable length and is best targeted at the neonatal fellow or pediatric resident with an interest in neonatology. It should be widely used in the resident’s work space as a quick definitive guide to management of neonatal infections and as a tool for discussion of the wisdom of starting therapeutic agents and optimal approaches to the diagnostic challenges of the sick neonate.” (Clinical Infectious Diseases, 22 August 2014) Table of ContentsAbout the Author, vi Preface, vii 1 How to search for evidence, 1 2 Epidemiology, 5 3 Clinical manifestations, 16 4 Laboratory tests, 21 5 Rational antibiotic use, 33 6 Adjunctive treatment, 48 7 Bacterial meningitis, 57 8 Respiratory tract infections, 70 9 Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, 78 10 Urinary tract infections, 86 11 Necrotizing enterocolitis and gastrointestinal infections, 94 12 Eye Infections, 108 13 Skin and soft tissue Infections, 117 14 Bacterial infections, 128 15 Mycoplasmas, 153 16 Fungal infections, 159 17 Viral infections, 175 18 Other congenital infections, 199 19 Breast milk, 214 20 Surveillance, 223 21 Infection control, 229 22 Developing countries, 244 23 Prevention of neonatal infections, 250 24 Neonatal antimicrobials, 269 Index, 291

Read more less

Book SynopsisPleural diseases are very common and of increasing prevalence. This brand new title in the ABC series covers a wide range of conditions including pneumothorax, pleural effusions, pleural infections, chylothorax and mesothelioma.Table of ContentsContributors vii 1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleura 1John P. Corcoran and Najib M. Rahman 2 Radiology of Pleural Disease 5Rob J. Hallifax, John P. Corcoran and Najib M. Rahman 3 Pneumothorax 9John Harvey, Andrew McDuff and Ian Hunt 4 Investigation of Pleural Effusions 13Clare E. Hooper 5 Pleural Pathology 21Brendan Tinwell and Ian Hunt 6 Unusual Causes of Pleural Disease 29David Feller]Kopman 7 Pleural Infection 33Ian Hunt and Najib M. Rahman 8 Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions 39Anna C. Bibby, Nick A. Maskell and Rahul Bhatnagar 9 Malignant Mesothelioma 47Carol Tan, Fergus V. Gleeson and Y.C. Gary Lee 10 Pleural Interventions Section A: Pleural Aspiration 53Ambika Talwar, Ahmed Yousuf and Najib M. Rahman Section B: Chest Drain Insertion 56Ahmed Yousuf and Najib M. Rahman Section C: Insertion of an Indwelling Pleural Catheter 60Anna C. Bibby and Nick A. Maskell 11 Medical Thoracoscopy Section A: Rigid Thoracoscopy 63Matthew Evison, Ambika Talwar, Ahmed Yousuf and Mohammed Munavvar Section B: Semi]Rigid Thoracoscopy 69Matthew Evison and Mohammed Munavvar 12 Surgical Management of Pleural Disease 73Stephanie Fraser and Ian Hunt Index 77

Read more less

Book SynopsisETHNIC DERMATOLOGY Principles and Practice Richly pigmented skin is the most common skin type internationally Historically, dermatology has focused on white skin. But rich pigmentation can lead to differences in presentation, disease course and outcome, and reaction to treatment. Some dermatologic conditions are seen either predominantly or exclusively in richly pigmented skin. Ethnic Dermatology: Principles and Practice provides a practical approach to the dermatology of nonwhite skin. Written from a global perspective to include Asian, African-Caribbean and North African skin types, it covers all the bases of dermatology including: Grading scales in dermatologic disease Pediatric dermatology Dermatology and systemic disease Drug eruptions Hair and scalp disorders Cosmetic dermatology. With a central focus on practical action from an international cast of authors, Ethnic DermatTrade Review“This book joins the library of references on skin of color. It is a good introductory textbook to learn about the special concerns and variation in clinical presentations of dermatoses in darker skinned individuals.” (Doody’s, 2 August 2013)Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii Foreword by Nina G. Jablonski ix Preface xi List of Abbreviations xiii 1 Defining Ethnic Dermatology: Challenges, Limitations, and Merits 1Ophelia E. Dadzie 2 Skin Semiology and Grading Scales 5Antoine Petit and Ameet Tailor 3 Common Skin Conditions and Ethnicity 19Antoine Petit and Moussa Diallo 4 Pediatric Dermatology and the Ethnic Patient 63Patricia A. Treadwell 5 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Diseases 79Mahreen Ameen and Fatimata Ly 6 Drug Eruptions and Ethnicity 103Jean-Claude Roujeau 7 Photodermatoses and Phototherapy in the Ethnic Patient 109Richard H. Huggins and Henry W. Lim 8 HIV-related Skin Diseases 123Mahreen Ameen and Antoine Mahé 9 Benign Skin Tumors and Cysts in the Ethnic Patient 135Nita Agar and Dupe L. Odunsi 10 Malignant Skin Tumors and the Ethnic Patient 143Nita Agar, Bridget Ogawa, and Jean-Jacques Morand 11 Treatment of Keloids and Scars 159Martha H. Viera, Alejandra C. Vivas, and Brian Berman 12 Vitiligo: Clinical Presentation and Management 173Fatima Al-Faresi, Viktoria Eleftheriadou, Sanjeev V. Mulekar, and Hassan I. Galadari 13 Other Causes of Hypopigmentation: What Not to Miss 187Ousmane Faye 14 Facial Hyperpigmentation: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management 199Camille Fitoussi 15 Hair and Scalp Disorders in Women of African Descent 213Ophelia E. Dadzie and Nonhlanhla P. Khumalo 16 Dermatological Disorders in Men of African Descent 241Frederick N. Quarles, Marcelyn Coley, and Andrew F. Alexis 17 Hair Transplantation in People of African Descent 257Jack Smadja 18 Lasers and the Ethnic Patient 263Heather Woolery-Lloyd and Kristian Figueras 19 Cosmetic Dermatology in Ethnic Skin 273Leila Ferguson, Anthony Rossi, Andrew F. Alexis, and Hassan I. Galadari 20 Cosmetic Use of Skin Lightening Products 287Antoine Mahé Index 293

Read more less

Book SynopsisFor Junior Doctors, Specialty Trainees, and all those involved in hospital governance, this book offers the ultimate real-life guide to help tackle the professional and emotional challenges of life as a doctor in paediatrics. Unlike other clinical management titles, this book identifies and explains the most common and important medical errors.Trade Review“My experience as an expert witness in clinical negligence cases, MPTS Panel chairman, medical adviser to a Public Inquiry and as a sometimes commissioned independent reporter on adverse incidents tells me that these are excellent books, valuable for all clinicians, not just those in high-risk specialties; and all NHS managers involved in maintaining or improving the quality of care. The case vignettes, alone, are useful source material for teaching medical trainees on what can go wrong and how to deal with it when it does.” (Harvey Marcovitch, Clinical Risk journal) "This book is well written and easily read. It is divided into three main parts. The first part deals in general terms with the areas in which errors tend to occur. The importance of good communication, both written and oral, is repeatedly stressed. The contribution of poor management and of system errors in the creation of problems is not overlooked. The section on legal aspects of errors, including discussion of negligence, consent and confidentiality is concise and clear. The second part consists of thirty-six case studies. These are interesting and thought provoking, with questions for the reader at significant points in the progress of each case. An expert opinion, legal comment and key learning points are given at the conclusion of each case. Part 3 gives information and advice on responding to complaints, managing mishaps and navigating the hazards of police, court and GMC involvement. Again it is concise and helpful. After sections 1 and 3, and after every case study in section 2, references and suggestions for further reading are given. I would strongly recommend this book to all paediatricians, at all levels. It is well structured, easy to read and informative. I would also like to see medical and non-medical managers reading it, as it puts into perspective the role of system failures that so often contribute significantly to clinical errors. I think that general practitioners would also find it well worth reading." (Hilary Haines, F.R.C.P.C.H., F.F.P.H.) Pre-publication reviews: “I think in Medicine it is always best to learn from others’ mistakes rather than waiting until you make your own. In addition, knowing what you can expect if a complaint is made goes some way to emphasising the importance of avoiding errors in the first place. Should a complaint be made, forewarned is forearmed.” (ST1 in Paediatrics) “The format of presenting “real life” cases with expert clinical and legal commentary is both entertaining and highly informative.” (Consultant Paediatrician)Table of ContentsContributors, viii Foreword, ix Abbreviations, xi Introduction, xiii Part 1 Section 1: Errors and their causes A few words about error, 1 Learning from system failures – the vincristine case, 1 Person-centred paediatric errors and their causes, 8 The patient consultation, 10 Failure to identify a sick child, 12 Inability to perform practical procedures competently, 13 Failure to check test results or act on abnormal findings, 15 Prescribing errors, 16 Failures in resuscitation, 17 Sources of error in child protection cases, 19 References and further reading, 22 Section 2: Medico-legal aspects Error in a legal context, 25 Negligence, 25 Medical negligence, 26 Issues around consent, 29 Confidentiality, 34 References and further reading, 37 Part 2 Clinical cases Introduction, 39 Case 1 A boy with a limp, 40 Case 2 A fitting infant, 43 Case 3 A persistent fever, 45 Case 4 A biking injury, 48 Case 5 A teenager with abdominal pain, 51 Case 6 A young girl with a vaginal discharge, 54 Case 7 An iatrogenic problem, 57 Case 8 An infant with a large head, 59 Case 9 An infant with bloody diarrhoea, 62 Case 10 An infant with persistent jaundice, 64 Case 11 A child with leukaemia and tummy ache, 66 Case 12 A boy with fever and rigors, 68 Case 13 A stiff hand, 70 Case 14 A serious feeding problem, 72 Case 15 Fits, faints and funny turns, 74 Case 16 A hospital acquired infection, 76 Case 17 Recurrent wheeze, 79 Case 18 A jaundiced neonate, 82 Case 19 A febrile boy with a limp, 85 Case 20 A febrile neonate, 87 Case 21 A neonate with abnormal movements, 89 Case 22 A teenager with scrotal pain, 91 Case 23 A boy with nonspecific symptoms, 93 Case 24 A delayed walker, 96 Case 25 A diabetic girl with a headache, 98 Case 26 A boy with sickle cell disease and a fever, 101 Case 27 Negative test results, 104 Case 28 A bad case of ‘flu, 107 Case 29 A difficult transfer, 110 Case 30 Treatment for tonsillitis, 112 Case 31 Increasing respiratory distress, 114 Case 32 A feverish girl with poor feeding, 116 Case 33 An infant with a swollen face, 118 Case 34 Starting a new treatment, 121 Case 35 The importance of interpretation, 124 Case 36 A febrile boy with a scald, 126 Part 3 Investigating and dealing with errors 1 Introduction, 129 2 How hospitals try to prevent errors and their recurrence, 129 3 The role of hospital staff, 134 4 External investigators, 136 5 Hospital investigations, 138 6 Legal advice – where to get it and how to pay, 143 7 External inquiries, 146 8 The role of the doctor, 165 9 Emotional repercussions, 167 10 Conclusion, 169 References and further reading, 169 Index, 171

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book helps readers understand the principles of interpretation of all forms of imaging. It is an introductory textbook that provides a balanced account of all the imaging modalities available to the practicing clinician, explaining the techniques used and the indications for their use.Trade Review“Overall, this is a useful introduction to radiology for medical students and interns. It is helpful to have one reference for a number of modalities for various types of organ imaging and for many different medical conditions, although it does underemphasize the value of radionuclide techniques.” (Doody’s, 16 August 2013)Table of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgements viii List of Abbreviations ix The Anytime, Anywhere Textbook x 1 Technical Considerations 1 2 Chest 19 3 Cardiac Disorders 101with the assistance of Dr Francesca Pugliese 4 Breast Imaging 123with the assistance of Dr Sarah Vinnicombe 5 Plain Abdomen 129 6 Gastrointestinal Tract 141 7 Hepatobiliary System, Spleen and Pancreas 195 8 Urinary Tract 223 9 Female Genital Tract 273 10 Peritoneal Cavity and Retroperitoneum 291 11 Bones 309with the assistance of Dr Kasthoori Jayarani 12 Joints 347with the assistance of Dr Kasthoori Jayarani 13 Spine 369with the assistance of Dr Rob Barker 14 Skeletal Trauma 399with the assistance of Dr Muaaze Ahmad 15 Brain 427with the assistance of Dr Rob Barker 16 Orbits, Head and Neck 457with the assistance of Dr Polly Richards 17 Vascular and Interventional Radiology 471 Appendix: Computed Tomography Anatomy of the Abdomen 491 Index 497

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis handbook provides a short, contemporary text on the management of dentofacial deformities.Trade Review“This is a great introductory book for maxillofacial surgery senior house officers in particular. At a time when computer software is becoming pertinent clinically and emphasis on psychological aspects of healthcare is growing, this book succeeds in updating our basic knowledge.” (British Dental Journal, 27 June 2014) Table of ContentsList of Authors vii Foreword ix Preface xi 1 Psychological considerations for the orthognathic patient 1 2 Dentofacial assessment 16 3 The treatment planning process 51 4 The role of orthodontics 62 5 Orthognathic technical procedures 80 6 Prediction planning 94 7 Basic orthognathic surgical procedures 111 8 High level osteotomies 146 9 Case reports 155 9.1 Class II, division 2 malocclusion 157 9.2 Vertical maxillary excess 160 9.3 Class III malocclusion 163 9.4 Mandibular asymmetry with 3D planning 166 9.5 Anterior open bite 170 9.6 Class II, division 1 with hypodontia 173 Index 177

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine is the standard reference for everyone working and learning in pharmaceutical medicine. It is a comprehensive resource covering the processes and practices by which medicines are developed, tested and approved, and the recognised text for the Diploma in Pharmaceutical Medicine from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine. This fully revised Seventh Edition, which includes two new Editors, encompasses current developments within pharmaceutical medicine with new chapters on biological therapeutics, pharmacovigilance, vaccines, drugs for cancer, drug development in paediatrics and neonatalogy, the clinical trials directive, life cycle management of medicines, counterfeit medicines and medical marketing. Also included for easy reference, and referred to throughout the text, are the Declaration of Helsinki, Guidelines and Documentation for Implementation of Clinical Trials, relevant European Directives and the Syllabus for PharmaceuticTrade Review“This comprehensive volume covers the processes by which medicines are developed, tested and approved. The chapters are written by leading academics, medical directors and legal experts in the field of harmaceutical medicine and provide authorative and in-depth information for both physicians working in and those who are currently training in the pharmaceutical industry.” (British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 22 April 2014) “This book is expected to be useful for pharmaceutical physicians and for anyone interested in learning about the various issues in drug discovery and development. In addition to many other topics, the regulatory aspects of drug development in the U.S., Europe, and Japan are well covered . . . Nevertheless, this is an admirable effort and the book deserves a place on the bookshelves of pharmaceutical physicians. ” (Doody’s, 30 August 2013)Table of ContentsContributors vii The editors x Acknowledgements xiii List of abbreviations xiv Preface xix Part I Research and development 1 1 Discovery of new medicines 3Yves J. Ribeill 2 Pharmaceutical development 32Michael Gamlen and Paul Cummings 3 Preclinical safety testing 42Lutz Müller and Elisabeth Husar 4 Exploratory development 82John Posner 5 Clinical pharmacokinetics 113Paul Rolan and Valéria Molnár 6 Biological therapeutics 132Peter Lloyd and Jennifer Sims 7 Objectives and design of clinical trials 143John Posner and Steve Warrington 8 Conduct of clinical trials: Good Clinical Practice 155Kate L.R. Darwin 9 Medical statistics 189Andrew P. Grieve 10 Development of medicines: full development 219Peter D. Stonier 11 Pharmacovigilance 235Stephen F. Hobbiger, Bina Patel and Elizabeth Swain 12 Vaccines 254John Beadle 13 Drugs for cancer 270James Spicer and Johann De Bono 14 Ethics of human experimentation 286Jane Barrett 15 Drug development in paediatrics and neonatology 295Nazakat M. Merchant and Denis V. Azzopardi 16 Due diligence and the role of the pharmaceutical physician 306Geoffrey R. Barker Part II Regulation 317 17 A history of drug regulation in the UK 319John P. Griffin 18 The Clinical Trials Directive 347Fergus Sweeney and Agnès Saint Raymond 19 Human medicinal products in the European Union: Regulations Directives and structures 360Agnès Saint Raymond and Anthony J. Humphreys 20 Human medicinal products in the European Union: Procedures 379Agnès Saint Raymond and Anthony J. Humphreys 21 European regulation of medical devices 418Shuna Mason 22 Paediatric regulation 435Heike Rabe and Agnès Saint-Raymond 23 Technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use: The ICH process 447Dean W.G. Harron 24 The regulation of drug products by the US Food and Drug Administration 461Peter Barton Hutt 25 The US FDA in the drug development evaluation and approval process 501Richard N. Spivey, Judith K. Jones, William Wardell and William W. Vodra 26 Future prospects of the pharmaceutical industry and its regulation in the USA 518Richard N. Spivey, William W. Vodra, Judith K. Jones and William Wardell 27 Regulatory and clinical trial systems in Japan 537Mamiko Satake and Natsuko Hosoda 28 The regulation of therapeutic products in Australia 554Elizabeth de Somer, Deborah Monk and Janice Hirshorn Part III Health care marketplace 587 29 An Introduction to life cycle management of medicines 589David Gillen 30 Availability of medicines online and counterfeit medicines 597Ruth Diazaraque and David Gillen 31 The supply of unlicensed medicines for individual patient use 610Ian Dodds-Smith and Ewan Townsend 32 Legal and ethical issues relating to medicinal products 632Nick Beckett, Sarah Hanson and Shuna Mason 33 Medical marketing 653David B. Galloway and Bensita M.V. Thottakam 34 Information and promotion 670Charles De Wet 35 Economics of health care 692Carole A. Bradley and Jane R. Griffin 36 Controls on NHS medicines prescribing and expenditure in the UK (a historical perspective) with some international comparisons 707John P. Griffin and Geoffrey R. Barker 37 Pharmaceutical medicine in the emerging markets 728Nadarajah Sreeharan, Jennie A. Sykes and Richard B. Nieman 38 Biosimilars 744Raymond A. Huml and John Posner Appendix 1 Declaration of Helsinki 751 Appendix 2 Agreements and Guidelines for Implementation of Clinical Trials 755 Appendix 3 Directive 2001/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 April 2001 771 Appendix 4 PharmaTrain Syllabus 2010 783 Index 788

Read more less

Book SynopsisAllan Tasman, lead editor of the critically acclaimed Psychiatry, Third Edition, has teamed up with Wanda Mohr, a Professor of Psychiatric Nursing, to produce a thorough but compact textbook for all those in training in a mental health discipline. This book is a complete reference for DSM IV-TR disorders.Trade Review"Overall the handbook is a well written, engaging, comprehensive review of the current literature on the efficacy of various interventions for alcohol and other illicit drug use disorders. It could become a useful guide for physicians and other health care professionals looking for scientific evidence for relevant interventions, as well as for researchers to better understand where their future studies need to focus on." (Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2013) "Distilling the vast amount of psychiatric information into a foundational text is no easy task, yet the authors have masterfully accomplished it, providing a book that will be of great value to those interested in mental health."(Doody's, 2011) Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. UNIT 1 FOUNDATIONS. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 The Therapeutic Relationship. Chapter 3 An Integrative Approach to Developmental Psychopathology. Chapter 4 Psychiatric Classifications. Chapter 5 Psychiatry and the Neurosciences. UNIT 2 THE CONTEXT OF CARE. Chapter 6 Care Settings and the Continuum of Care. Chapter 7 Cultural Context of Care. Chapter 8 The Multidisciplinary Treatment Team and Working with Other Professionals. Chapter 9 Ethical Practice. Chapter 10 Legal Context of Psychiatric Practice. UNIT 3 CLINICAL DISORDERS. Chapter 11 Pediatric Disorders. Chapter 12 Sleep Disorders. Chapter 13 Bipolar Mood Disorders. Chapter 14 Depression. Chapter 15 Anxiety Disorders. Chapter 16 Eating Disorders. Chapter 17 Cognitive Disorders. Chapter 18 Substance Use, Abuse, and Dependence. Chapter 19 Personality Disorders. Chapter 20 Stereotyped Movement Disorder and Reactive Attachment Disorder. Chapter 21 Adjustment Disorder. Chapter 22 Impulse Control Disorders. Chapter 23 Mental Disorders due to a Medical Condition. Chapter 24 Factitious Disorder. Chapter 25 Schizophrenia and Psychoses. Chapter 26 Somatoform Disorders. Chapter 27 Dissociative Disorders. Chapter 28 Psychological Factors Affecting a Medical Condition. Chapter 29 Sexual Disorders. UNIT 4 ASSESSMENT AND THERAPEUTICS. Chapter 30 Psychiatric Assessment, Treatment Planning, and the Medical Record. Chapter 31 Psychological Testing and Rating Scales. Chapter 32 Psychotherapeutic Approaches. Chapter 33 Pharmacotherapeutic Interventions. Chapter 34 Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers. Chapter 35 Antipsychotic Agents. Chapter 36 Anxiolytics, Stimulants, and Cognitive Enhancers. Chapter 37 Somatic Therapies. UNIT 5 SPECIAL TOPICS. Chapter 38 Psychiatric Emergencies. Chapter 39 Violence. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEthical medical practice and treatment in psychiatry are based on the concept of first do no harm. However, this cannot, and does not, apply to forensic cases where there is no doctorpatient relationship and the forensic psychiatrist may indeed cause harm to the examinee. In this book, Robert Sadoff analyzes the ethical issues affecting forensic psychiatric practice, especially those promulgated by the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. Within those guidelines, he looks at individual bias, vulnerability of the examinee, and potential harm to the mental health professional. The book discusses each of the procedures of the forensic expert separately with respect to minimizing harm. It has been written with an international audience in mind and features chapters reviewing the European and UK perspectives, by Emanuele Valenti and John Baird, respectively. Robert Sadoff addresses the long-term harm that can be either avoided or minimized through careful planning and applicationTrade Review"Sadoff's book is a vital contribution to the psychiatric literature, as it fills a need unaddressed by more theoretically oriented works. Anyone interested in mental health or medical ethics will find this text worthwhile, especially as it contains an introduction for lay readers explaining basic forensic roles and functions.The book is most valuable, however, to forensic mental health practioners, who will benefit from its practical instruction aimed at minimizing harm." (Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, December 2012) "Sadoff has crafted an admirable mix of facts and anecdotes, presented in a manner that could help undergraduates get a taste for the realities of forensic practice, help graduate students connect the theoretical with the practical, and even provide veteran practitioners with helpful reminders and provocative food for thought." (PsycCRITIQUES, 23 November 2011) "It will serve as a useful resource and is a welcome addition to my library." (Doody's, 11 November 2011) "While Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychiatry appears to be targeted at the forensic psychiatrist, as emphasised in the title, I believe that it can be valuable reading for all forensic mental health professionals. . . Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychiatry makes practical ethics easy reading. . . This book is an invaluable guide to ethical practice." (Journal of Mental Health, 1 October 2011) Table of ContentsAbout the Authors. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. List of Contributors. Part One Ethics in Forensic Psychiatry. 1 Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychiatry in the United States (Robert L. Sadoff). 2 Minimizing Harm: A Perspective from Forensic Psychiatry in the United Kingdom (John A. Baird). 3 Mental Health and Human Rights in Forensic Psychiatry in the European Union (Emanuele Valenti and Luis Fernando Barrios Flores). Part Two The Practice of Forensic Psychiatry. 4 The Forensic Psychiatric Examination (Robert L. Sadoff). 5 The Forensic Psychiatric Report (Robert L. Sadoff). 6 Expert Psychiatric Testimony (Robert L. Sadoff). Part Three Vulnerable Populations in the Justice System. 7 Children and Adolescents (Robert L. Sadoff). 8 The Elderly, the Mentally Retarded, and the Severely Mentally Disabled (Robert L. Sadoff). 9 Victims and Predators of Sexual Violence (Robert L. Sadoff). 10 Immigrants: A Vulnerable Population (Solange Margery Bertoglia). 11 Prisoners and Death Row Inmates (Robert L. Sadoff). 12 Forensic Psychiatric Experts: Risks and Liability (Robert L. Sadoff). 13 Risks of Harm to the Forensic Expert: the Legal Perspective (Donna L. Vanderpool). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Textbook of Influenza is a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of influenza, from the genetic and molecular biology of the virus through to clinical aspects of the disease and the latest drug developments and treatments. This new edition has been completely revised and reflects the integration of disciplines concerning the emergence, evolution, pathogenesis and control of influenza viruses in the field of human and veterinary public health. Textbook of Influenza examines the lessons learnt from the latest pandemic and provides the current state of knowledge for many yet unresolved issues related to virus origin, spread, pathogenesis and disease severity to better prepare for future pandemics. It covers the background to recent advances in influenza genomics and reverse genetics which have allowed the identification of virus virulence factors and the analysis and reconstruction of influenza viruses such as the 1918 Spanish flu strain. This new Table of ContentsList of contributors, ix Foreword to the second edition, xiv Preface to the second edition, xvi Acknowledgments, xvii PART 1 Influenza: Perspective 1 Human influenza: One health, one world, 3 Daniel B. Jernigan and Nancy J. Cox 2 Influenza pandemics: History and lessons learned, 20 Arnold S. Monto and Robert G. Webster PART 2 Structure and replication 3 Structure, disassembly, assembly, and budding of influenza viruses, 37 Debiprosad Nayak, Sakar Shivakoti, Rilwan A. Balogun, Gwendolyn Lee, and Z. Hong Zhou 4 The virus genome and its replication, 57 Robert M. Krug and Ervin Fodor 5 Influenza glycoproteins: Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, 67 Rupert J. Russell, Steven J. Gamblin, and John J. Skehel 6 Proton channels of influenza A and B viruses, 101 Chunlong Ma, Lawrence H. Pinto, and Robert A. Lamb 7 The NS1 protein: A master regulator of host and viral functions, 114 Robert M. Krug and Adolfo García-Sastre 8 Structure and function of the influenza virus replication machinery and PB1-F2, 133 Andrew Mehle and Jonathan A McCullers 9 The genome and its manipulation: Recovery of the 1918 virus and vaccine virus generation, 146 Gabriele Neumann and Yoshihiro Kawaoka 10 Pathogenesis, 157 Hans Dieter Klenk, Wolfgang Garten, and Mikhail Matrosovich PART 3 Evolution and ecology of influenza viruses 11 Ecology and evolution of influenza viruses in wild and domestic birds, 175 Ron A.M. Fouchier and Yi Guan 12 Influenza in swine, 190 Richard Webby and Juergen Richt 13 Equine/Canine/Feline/Seal influenza, 203 Thomas M. Chambers, Edward J. Dubovi, and Ruben O. Donis 14 Emergence and Evolution of the 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009 pandemic virus strains, 218 Taia T. Wang and Peter Palese PART 4 Epidemiology and surveillance 15 Influenza surveillance and laboratory diagnosis, 231 Maria Zambon 16 Epidemiology of influenza, 250 Marc-Alain Widdowson and Arnold S. Monto PART 5 Immunology of influenza 17 Innate immunity, 269 Akiko Iwasaki and Malik Peiris 18 Antibody-mediated immunity, 283 Nicole Baumgarth,Michael C. Carroll, and Santiago Gonzalez 19 Cell-mediated immunity, 298 Stephen J. Turner, Peter C. Doherty, and Anne Kelso PART 6 Vaccines and vaccine development 20 Immunogenicity, efficacy of inactivated/live virus seasonal and pandemic vaccines, 313 Wendy A. Keitel, Kathleen M. Neuzil, and John Treanor 21 New approaches to vaccination, 327 Chih-Jen Wei, Damian C. Ekiert, Gary J. Nabel, and Ian A. Wilson 22 Control of influenza in animals, 337 Ilaria Capua and Dennis J. Alexander 23 Influenza vaccine production, 352 Klaus Stöhr PART 7 Clinical aspects and antivirals 24 Human influenza: Pathogenesis, clinical features, and management, 373 Frederick G. Hayden and Menno D. de Jong 25 Antivirals: Targets and use, 392 Michael G. Ison and Alan Hay 26 The control of influenza and cost-effectiveness of interventions, 419 Carolyn B. Bridges, Samuel K. Peasah, and Martin I. Meltzer 27 Applications of quantitative modeling to influenza virus transmission dynamics, antigenic and genetic evolution, and molecular structure, 434 Marc Lipsitch and Derek Smith 28 Pandemic preparedness and response, 453 Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam and Joseph Bresee 29 Influenza: The future, 470 Thomas J. Braciale PART 8 The outbreak of H7N9 30 Appendix, 479 Thomas J. Bracial

Read more less

Book SynopsisABC of Kidney Disease ABC of Kidney Disease, Second Edition The ABC of Kidney Disease, Second Edition is a practical guide to the most common renal diseases to help healthcare professionals screen, identify, treat and refer renal patients appropriately and to provide the best possible care. Covering the common renal presentations in primary care, this highly illustrated guide provides guidance on symptoms, signs and treatments, which tests to use, measures to prevent progression, and when and how to refer. Fully revised in accordance with current guidelines, it also includes organizational aspects of renal disease management, dialysis and transplantation. The appendices contain an explanatory glossary of renal terms, guidance on anaemia management and information on drug prescribing and interactions. The ABC of Kidney Disease, Second Edition is an ideal practical reference for GPs, GP registrars, junior doctors, medical students and for anyone Trade Review“Overall, this is a nice summary of a broad range of topics for students of the specialty. The second edition provides an update on management of common complications in chronic kidney disease and updates the useful appendixes. The format makes for a book that is easy to follow and informative, and the very impressive figures will allow me to use it in my daily nephrology practice.” (Doody’s, 6 September 2013)Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface ix 1 Diagnostic Tests in Chronic Kidney Disease 1Behdad Afzali Satish Jayawardene and David Goldsmith 2 Acute Kidney Injury (Formerly Known as Acute Renal Failure) 8Rachel Hilton 3 Prevalence Detection Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease 15Penny Ackland 4 Pre-Dialysis Clinics: Preparing for End-Stage Renal Disease 23Irene Hadjimichael Eleri Wood and Katie Vinen 5 Anaemia Management in Chronic Kidney Disease 29Penny Ackland 6 Urinary Tract Infections Renal Stones Renal Cysts and Tumours and Pregnancy in Chronic Kidney Disease 33David Goldsmith 7 Adult Nephrotic Syndrome 38Richard Hull Sean Gallagher and David Goldsmith 8 Renal Artery Stenosis 47Philip Kalra Satish Jayawardene and David Goldsmith 9 Palliative Care for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease 52Frances Coldstream Neil S. Sheerin and Emma Murphy 10 Dialysis 57Christopher W. McIntyre and James O. Burton 11 Renal Transplantation 63Ming He and John Taylor 12 Chronic Kidney Disease Dialysis and Transplantation in Children 71Judy Taylor and Christopher Reid 13 The Organization of Services for People with Chronic Kidney Disease: A 21st-Century Challenge 78Donal O’ Donoghue John Feehally and David Goldsmith Appendix 1 Chronic Kidney Disease and Drug Prescribing 83Douglas Maclean Satish Jayawardene and Hayley Wells Appendix 2 Glossary of Renal Terms and Conditions 87David Goldsmith Appendix 3 Top Ten Tips in Kidney Disease 90Satish Jayawardene and David Goldsmith Appendix 4 Maps Showing Variation in Healthcare for People with Kidney Disease 92David Goldsmith Index 97

Read more less

Book SynopsisGlobal movement of people leads to the global movement of disease International travel enables skin diseases to move around the world with increasing ease. Skin diseases transmitted through casual contact with people, animal vectors and a foreign environment are particularly prone to transport. Dermatologists need to recognize the signs and symptoms of disease not native to their environment to enable proper diagnosis and care. Imported Skin Diseases provides a clinical guide to the foreign diseases increasingly seen in Western' clinics. With a focus on accurate diagnosis and effective therapy, the book covers: Differences between pigmented and non-pigmented skin Viral, bacterial and fungal Infections Parasitic infestations Sexually transmitted diseases Aquatic diseases Written by an international team of experts, with practical tips throughout, Imported Skin Diseases prepares you for tTable of ContentsContributors, ix 1 Introduction, 1 W.R. Faber, R.J. Hay, & B. Naafs 2 Precautions and Protection, 4 W.R. Faber, R.J. Hay, & B. Naafs 3 Pigmentary Disorders in Black Skin, 8 J.P.W. van der Veen & L. Nieuweboer-Krobotova 4 Difference between Pigmented and Nonpigmented Skin, 19 B. Naafs 5 Influence of the New Environment on the Skin, 31 S. Badeloe & H.E. Menke 6 Fungal Infections, 45 R.J. Hay 7 Mycobacterial Infections, 64 W.R. Faber 8 Leprosy, 79 B. Naafs & W.R. Faber 9 Buruli Ulcer, 94 D.S. Walsh, W.M. Meyers, & F. Portaels 10 Ulcerating Pyodermas, 107 J.E. Zeegelaar 11 Rickettsioses, 114 P.A. Kager & H.G. Schipper 12 Viral Diseases, 123 R.M. Mays, R.A. Gordon, S. Javed, J.M. Wilson, W.J. LaPolla, N.A. Kjar, & S.K. Tyring 13 Sexually Transmitted Infections, 149 M. Waugh & H.J.C. de Vries 14 Endemic Treponematoses, 162 H.J.H. Engelkens 15 American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, 171 C. Talhari, J.A. de Oliveira Guerra, A. Chrusciak-Talhari, P.R.L. Machado, & S. Talhari 16 Leishmaniasis: Old World, 189 F. Vega-L´opez 17 Onchocerciasis/Filariasis, 205 M.E. Murdoch 18 Schistosomiasis, 226 A.M. Polderman & L. van Lieshout 19 Tungiasis, 234 H. Feldmeier & J. Heukelbach 20 Cutaneous Larva Migrans, 243 J. Heukelbach & H. Feldmeier 21 Myiasis, 252 R. Kapoor, T.A. McGraw, & D.M. Elston 22 Persistent Insect Bites, 264 C.L.M. van Hees 23 Beetle Dermatitis, 273 M. Glatz & P. Schmid-Grendelmeier 24 Aquatic Skin Disorders, 283 M.T.W. Gaastra 25 Geographic Distribution, 293 W.R. Faber, R.J. Hay, & B. Naafs 26 Clinical Problems, 296 W.R. Faber, R.J. Hay, & B. Naafs Index, 299

Read more less

Book SynopsisFood Allergy is a unique book which uses a scientific approach to cover both pediatric and adult adverse reactions to foods and food additives. Following the successful formula of the previous editions, Food Allergy has established itself as the comprehensive reference for those treating patients with food allergy or suspected allergy. This fifth edition has been thoroughly revised and updated. It is a practical, readable reference for use in the hospital or private practice setting. Each of the chapters is capable of standing alone, but when placed together they present a mosaic of the current ideas and research on adverse reactions to foods and food additives. The book covers basic and clinical perspectives of adverse reactions to food antigens, adverse reactions to food additives and contemporary topics, including a review of the approaches available for diagnosis. Food Allergy is directed toward clinicians, nutritionists and scientists interestTrade Review"Food Allergy: Adverse Reactions to Foods and Food Additives will be a welcome addition to libraries serving clinicians, nutritionists, dieticians and persons with food allergies or parents of children with food allergies." (Reference Reviews, 1 April 2015)Table of ContentsList of Contributors, vii Preface, xi Abbreviations, xiii Part 1 Adverse Reactions to Food Antigens: Basic Science 1 The Mucosal Immune System, 3 Shradha Agarwal & Lloyd Mayer 2 The Immunological Basis of IgE-Mediated Reactions, 16 Stephan C. Bischoff & Gernot Sellge 3 The Immunological Basis of Non-IgE-Mediated Reactions, 31 Ashraf Uzzaman & Hirsh D. Komarow 4 Food Allergens—Molecular and Immunological Characteristics, 47 Heimo Breiteneder & E.N. Clare Mills 5 Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 68 Gary A. Bannon, Jason M. Ward, Raymond C. Dobert, & Roy L. Fuchs 6 Food Allergen Thresholds of Reactivity, 90 Steve L. Taylor, Jonathan O’B. Hourihane, & Joseph L. Baumert 7 Immunological Tolerance, 100 Lauren Steele & M. Cecilia Berin 8 In Vitro Diagnostic Methods in the Evaluation of Food Hypersensitivity, 110 Robert G. Hamilton Part 2 Adverse Reactions to Food Antigens: Clinical Science 9 Theories on the Increasing Prevalence of Food Allergy, 123 Katrina J. Allen & Jennifer J. Koplin 10 The Spectrum of Allergic Reactions to Foods, 134 Stacie M. Jones & A. Wesley Burks 11 Cutaneous Reactions: Atopic Dermatitis and Other IgE- and Non-IgE-Mediated Skin Reactions, 144 David M. Fleischer & Donald Y.M. Leung 12 Oral Allergy Syndrome, 158 Julie Wang 13 The Respiratory Tract and Food Hypersensitivity, 169 Graham Roberts 14 Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy, 178 Hugh A. Sampson 15 Infantile Colic and Food Allergy, 192 Ralf G. Heine & David J. Hill 16 Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Gastroenteritis, and Colitis, 203 Amanda Muir & Chris A. Liacouras 17 Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy, 217 Alberto Rubio-Tapia & Joseph A. Murray 18 Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis and Enteropathies, 230 Jay A Lieberman & Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn 19 Occupational Reactions to Food Allergens, 245 Andre Cartier, Sangeeta J. Jain, Laurianne G. Wild, Maxcie Sikora, Matthew Aresery, & Samuel B. Lehrer Part 3 Adverse Reactions to Foods: Diagnosis 20 IgE Tests: In Vitro Diagnosis, 269 Kirsten Beyer 21 In Vivo Diagnosis: Skin Testing and Challenge Procedures, 278 Scott H. Sicherer 22 Atopy Patch Testing for Food Allergies, 289 Von Ta & Kari Nadeau 23 Elimination Diets and Oral Food Challenges, 296 Scott H. Sicherer 24 General Approach to Diagnosing Food Allergy and the Food Allergy Guidelines, 306 Jonathan O’B. Hourihane & Hugh A. Sampson 25 Hidden and Cross-Reacting Food Allergens, 316 Scott H. Sicherer 26 Controversial Practices and Unproven Methods in Allergy, 328 David R. Scott, Jennifer A. Namazy, & Ronald A. Simon Part 4 Adverse Reactions to Food Additives 27 Asthma and Food Additives, 341 Robert K. Bush & Michelle Montalbano 28 Urticaria, Angioedema, and Anaphylaxis Provoked by Food Additives, 346 John V. Bosso & David M. Robertson 29 Sulfites, 361 Steve L. Taylor, Robert K. Bush, & Julie A. Nordlee 30 Monosodium Glutamate, 375 Katharine M. Woessner 31 Tartrazine, Azo, and Non-Azo Dyes, 384 Donald D. Stevenson 32 Adverse Reactions to the Antioxidants Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene, 393 Richard W. Weber 33 Adverse Reactions to Benzoates and Parabens, 402 Raymond M. Pongonis & John M. Fahrenholz 34 Food Colorings and Flavors, 411 Matthew J. Greenhawt & James L. Baldwin Part 5 Contemporary Topics in Adverse Reactions to Foods 35 Pharmacologic Food Reactions, 439 Timothy J. Franxman & James L. Baldwin 36 The Management of Food Allergy, 452 Maria Laura Acebal, Anne Mu˜ noz-Furlong, & Hugh A. Sampson 37 The Natural History of Food Allergy, 464 Robert A. Wood 38 Prevention of Food Allergy, 475 Gideon Lack & George Du Toit 39 Diets and Nutrition, 492 Marion Groetch 40 Food Toxicology, 507 Steve L. Taylor 41 Seafood Toxins, 518 Soheil Chegini, Sarah J. Austin, & Dean D. Metcalfe 42 Neurologic Reactions to Foods and Food Additives 535 Richard W. Weber 43 Experimental Approaches to the Study of Food Allergy, 547 M. Cecilia Berin & Madhan Masilamani 44 Food Allergy: Psychological Considerations and Quality of Life, 556 Ma. Lourdes B. de Asis & Ronald A. Simon 45 Foods and Rheumatologic Diseases, 568 Lisa K. Stamp & Leslie G. Cleland 46 Approaches to Therapy in Development, 581 Anna Nowak-W_egrzyn & Hugh A. Sampson Index, 599

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis inexpensive, color handbook will provide urologists and urology trainees with a practical tool covering all the major urologic disorders to help them with the clinical assessment and management of their patients.Table of ContentsContributors, viii Preface to the First Edition, x Section 1 Infections 1 Infections of the urinary tract, 3Mark W. Ball 2 Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Urologic Procedures, 12Jeffrey K. Mullins Section 2 Urinary lithiasis 3 Nephrolithiasis: Etiology, Stone Composition, Medical Management, and Prevention, 23Robert M. Turner II and Michelle Jo Semins 4 Nephrolithiasis: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment, 32Bishoy A. Gayed and Michelle Jo Semins Section 3 Reproductive and Sexual Function 5 Male infertility, 43Ahmed Magheli 6 Erectile dysfunction and Peyronie’s disease, 55Jeffrey K. Mullins Section 4 Emergency Urology 7 Genitourinary trauma, 67Adam Kern 8 Testicular torsion and trauma, 75.Adam Kern 9 Acute gross hematuria: etiology and management, 82Kenneth Tseng 10 Priapism, 88Debasish Sundi and Trinity J. Bivalacqua 11 Urinary fistulae, 96Adam Kern 12 Urethral stricture disease, 103Debasish Sundi and Arthur L. Burnett Section 5 Urine storage and emptying 13 Neurourology, 111Ifeanyichukwu Anusionwu 14 Urogynecology, 116Ifeanyichukwu Anusionwu 15 Interstitial cystitis and chronic pelvic pain, 123Ifeanyichukwu Anusionwu Section 6 Oncology 16 Prostate Cancer Screening and Diagnosis, 129John B. Eifler 17 Prostate Cancer: Localized, 139Stacy Loeb 18 Prostate cancer: treatment of metastatic disease, 149John B. Eifler 19 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, 157John B. Eifler 20 Bladder cancer: superficial, 166Ashley E. Ross and Trinity J. Bivalacqua 21 Invasive Bladder Cancer and Urinary Diversion, 173Ashley E. Ross and Trinity J. Bivalacqua 22 Penile and urethral cancer, 180Nicholas C. Field, Matthew Eric Hyndman 23 Ureteral and renal pelvic tumors, 189Elias Hyams and Brian Matlaga 24 Angiomyolipoma, oncocytoma and retroperitoneal fibrosis, 199Phillip M. Pierorazio 25 Malignant Renal parenchymal tumors, 208Phillip M. Pierorazio 26 Adrenal Disorders, 217Jeffrey K. Mullins 27 Testicular tumors, 228Varun Sharma and Markus Margreiter Section 7 Congenital and Acquired Disease 28 Obstructing Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract, 239Kristina D. Suson 29 Developmental Abnormalities of the Genitalia: Disorders of Sexual Differentiation, Hypospadias, and Cryptorchidism, 247Eric Z. Massanyi 30 Pediatric Urinary Infections, Vesicoureteral Reflux, and Voiding Dysfunction, 254Eric Z. Massanyi 31 Pediatric Genitourinary Oncology, 261Eric Z. Massanyi 32 The Exstrophy–Epispadias Complex, 268Kristina D. Suson 33 Bladder Augmentation, bladder neck reconstruction and continent diversions in children, 276Angela D Gupta 34 End Stage Renal Disease and Transplantation, 280Angela D Gupta Addendum Uropharmacology, 285John B. Eifler Index, 289 Color plate section can be found facing page 166

Read more less

Book SynopsisDental emergencies are common and require rapid response. Order today and keep readily accessible in your dental practice! Filled with clinical examples and step-by-step procedures, Dental Emergencies covers the full range of both common and complex traumatic injuries, pain, and oral lesions.Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 Introduction, Infection Control and Prescribing 1 M. Greenwood Introduction to the dental emergency clinic 1 Infection and infection control 2 Prescribing 8 Conclusions 12 Further reading 12 2 History Taking and Clinical Examination of Patients on a Dental Emergency Clinic 13 I.P. Corbett, C.B. Hayward and M. Greenwood Introduction 13 History taking 13 Patient examination 18 Special tests 24 Record keeping 25 Consent 25 Conclusions 28 Further reading 28 3 Radiology and the Dental Emergency Clinic 29 R.I. Macleod Introduction 29 Patients in pain 33 Trauma radiology 35 Looking at radiographs 36 Conclusions 38 Further reading 38 4 Acute Oral Medical and Surgical Conditions 39 P.J. Thomson Introduction 39 Oro-facial swelling 39 Blistering disorders of the oral mucosa 45 Oral ulceration 47 Disturbed oro-facial sensory or motor function 49 Haemorrhage 50 Other acute conditions 51 Bony pathology 52 Summary 55 Further reading 55 5 Restorative Dental Emergencies 57 A. Moufti and C.B. Hayward Introduction 57 General principles 59 Pain management 59 Infections and soft tissue problems 65 Crack, fracture and mobility of teeth and dental restorations 71 Fractured and loose implants 81 Fractures and swallowing of removable prostheses 82 Conclusions 83 Further reading 83 6 Acute Presentations of Chronic Oro-Facial Pain Conditions 85 J. Durham Introduction 85 Oro-facial pain history 86 Examination of patients with oro-facial pain 89 Special investigations for oro-facial pain 90 Presentation, investigations and initial management of acute non-odontogenic oro-facial pain 92 Further reading 102 7 Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth and Oral Soft Tissues 103 U. Chaudhry and I.C. Mackie Assessment of the traumatised patient 103 Management of traumatic dental injuries 105 Injuries to the hard dental tissues and the pulp 105 Injuries to the hard dental tissues, the pulp and the alveolar process 112 Injuries to the periodontal tissues 116 Dento-alveolar fractures 127 Conclusions 127 Further reading 128 8 Pain Relief in the Dental Emergency Clinic 129 U.J. Moore Introduction 129 General mechanism of pain 129 Distribution of pain fibres in the mouth and jaws 134 Sources of pain in the mouth and jaws 135 Control of pain 136 Psychology of pain 137 Medication 139 The ladder of analgesia 144 Avoiding problems in prescribing analgesics 144 Further reading 147 9 Management of the Special Needs Patient 149 T. Nugent Introduction 149 Commonly seen conditions 151 Assessment 152 Medical history in the patient with special needs 153 Informed consent 154 Examination 155 Factors to consider in treatment 155 Conclusion 158 10 Making a Referral 159 I.P. Corbett and J. Greenley Introduction 159 When to refer 159 How to refer 160 Where to refer 161 The referral letter 161 Urgency 164 Cancer referrals 165 Copies of the referral letter 167 Summary 169 Further reading 170 11 Medical Emergencies in the Dental Emergency Clinic – Principles of Management 171 M. Greenwood Introduction 171 Contents of the emergency drug box 171 The ‘ABCDE’ approach to an emergency patient 174 Airway (A) 175 Use of defibrillation 180 Principles of management after the initial treatment of a medical emergency 181 Conclusions 182 Further reading 182 12 Examples of Specific Medical Emergency Situations 183 M. Greenwood Introduction 183 Vasovagal syncope (simple faint) 184 Hyperventilation 184 Asthma 185 Cardiac chest pain 187 Epileptic seizures 188 Diabetic emergencies 190 Allergies/hypersensitivity reactions 192 Adrenal insufficiency 196 Stroke 197 Local anaesthetic emergencies 197 Problems with haemostasis 200 Conclusions 203 Further reading 203 Appendix 1 Normal Reference Ranges 205 Appendix 2 Changes in Vital Signs in Patients with Infection 207 Appendix 3 Warfarin Protocol 209 Appendix 4 Aspects Relating to Local Anaesthetics 213 Appendix 5 NICE Guidelines for the Removal of Wisdom Teeth 215 Appendix 6 Protocol for Surgical Dental Treatment of Patients Taking Bisphosphonates 217 Appendix 7 Common ‘Recreational’ Drugs 221 Index 229

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe third edition of the now-classic text Organic Psychiatry by William Alwyn Lishman should be a part of every neuropsychiatrist''s library. It should also serve as a reminder that neuropsychiatric training programs must continue to promote personal clinical instruction, in the spirit of Lishman''s prose, as a guiding bedside beacon to future practitioners. from a review of the third edition in Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Over the past 30 years, thousands of physicians have depended on Lishman''s Organic Psychiatry. Its authoritative and reliable clinical guidance was - and still is - beyond compare. The new edition of this classic textbook has now been extensively revised by a team of five authors, yet it follows the tradition of the original single-authored book. It continues to provide a comprehensive review of the cognitive, emotional and behavioural consequences of cerebral disorders and their manifestations iTable of ContentsContributor List vi Foreword vii Preface to the First Edition ix Preface to the Fourth Edition xi Part 1 | Principles 1 Basic Concepts in Neuropsychiatry 3 2 Neuropsychology in Relation to Psychiatry 29 3 Clinical Assessment 103 Part 2 | Specific disorders 4 Head Injury 167 5 Cerebral Tumours 281 6 Epilepsy 309 7 Intracranial Infections 397 8 Cerebrovascular Disorders 473 9 Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias (Including Pseudodementias) 543 10 Endocrine Diseases and Metabolic Disorders 617 11 Addictive and Toxic Disorders 689 12 Movement Disorders 745 13 Sleep Disorders 817 14 Other Disorders of the Nervous System 845 Index 907

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe new edition of this critically praised textbook continues to provide the most comprehensive overview of the concepts, methods, and research advances in the field; particularly the application of molecular genomics and of neuroimaging. It has been revised and enhanced to capitalize on the strengths of the first and second editions while keeping it up-to-date with the field of psychiatry and epidemiology. This comprehensive publication now includes chapters on experimental epidemiology, gene-environment interactions, the use of case registries, eating disorders, suicide, childhood disorders and immigrant populations, and the epidemiology of a number of childhood disorders. As in the first and second editions, the objective is to provide a comprehensive, easy to understand overview of research methods for the non-specialist. The book is ideal for students of psychiatric epidemiology, psychiatric residents, general psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals. The boTrade Review"The Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology is a timely, up-to-date, and comprehensive book covering all aspects of the science of epidemiology as related to psychiatric disorders. Overall, this is a well written, wel-organized book that I highly recommend to all psychiatrists and neuroscientists who are interested in the underpinning of psychiatric epidemiology." (Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2013) “Overall, this book provides a thorough and understandable introduction to the field of psychiatric epidemiology, suitable for students wishing to become familiar with up-to-date applications and findings in psychiatry as they relate to public health and epidemiology.” (Doody’s, 6 April 2012) "This 3rd edition is a welcome return for this informative textbook, which will be of interest to a wide readership through its extensive scope. It covers a range of areas relevant to epidemiology and beyond with what is now the standard format involving expert authors or teams." (Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2012) "So I started this review process with a great deal of skepticism. However, during this process I have ended up reading about areas outside my own main research field with much interest, and chapters within my own areas with much pleasure and admiration for the contributions; and, I have found myself recommending individual chapters again and again to students and other people with whom I, during this period, have discussed specific projects. So, much to my own surprise, I end up warmly recommending this book to anyone who has a professional interest in the epidemiology of, and risk factors for psychiatric disorders, and a recurring need for a fast reference to a very comprehensive array of knowledge." Read the full review. (Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 2012) Table of ContentsList of Contributors. 1 Introduction to epidemiologic research methods (Glyn Lewis). 1.1 What is epidemiology? 1.2 Causation in medicine. 1.3 Causal inference. 1.4 The future for psychiatric epidemiology. 2 Analysis of categorical data: The odds ratio as a measure of association and beyond (Garrett M. Fitzmaurice and Caitlin Ravichandran). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Inference for a single proportion. 2.3 Analysis of 2 x 2 contingency tables. 2.4 Analysis of sets of 2 x 2 contingency tables. 2.5 Logistic regression. 2.6 Advanced topics. 2.7 Concluding remarks. 2.8 Further reading. 3 Genetic epidemiology (Stephen V. Faraone, Stephen J. Glatt and Ming T. Tsuang). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 The chain of psychiatric genetic research. 3.3 Psychiatric genetics and psychiatric epidemiology. 4 Examining gene–environment interplay in psychiatric disorders (Judith Allardyce and Jim van Os). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 The process of genetic epidemiology. 4.3 Gene–environment interplay takes different forms. 4.4 Gene–environment correlation. 4.5 Gene–environment interaction. 4.6 Measurement of genotype, environmental exposure and pathological phenotype. 4.7 Models of GxE. 4.8 Which scale should we use to measure GxE? 4.9 Study designs for the detection of GxE. 4.10 Threats to the validity of epidemiological GxE studies. 4.11 Epigenetic mechanisms. 5 Reliability (Patrick E. Shrout). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 The reliability coefficient. 5.3 Designs for estimating reliability. 5.4 Statistical remedies for low reliability. 5.5 Reliability theory and binary judgements. 5.6 Reliability statistics: General. 5.7 Other reliability statistics. 5.8 Summary and conclusions. 6 Moderators and mediators: Towards the genetic and environmental bases of psychiatric disorders (Helena Chmura Kraemer). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Current methodological barriers. 6.3 Moderation, mediation and other ways in which risk factors 'work together'. 6.4 Extensions. 6.5 Beyond moderators and mediators. 7 Validity: Definitions and applications to psychiatric research (Jill M. Goldstein, Sara Cherkerzian and John C. Simpson). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Validity of a construct. 7.3 Validity of the relationships between variables. 7.4 Summary. 8 Use of register data for psychiatric epidemiology in the Nordic countries (Jouko Miettunen, Jaana Suvisaari, Jari Haukka and Matti Isohanni). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Registers for use in psychiatric research. 8.3 Register research in Denmark. 8.4 Register research in Finland. 8.5 Register research in Norway. 8.6 Register research in Sweden. 8.7 Discussion. 9 An introduction to mental health services research (Anna Fernandez, Alejandra Pinto-Meza, Antoni Serrano-Blanco, Jordi Alonso and Josep Maria Haro). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 What is mental health services research? 9.3 A framework for mental health services research. 9.4 Key concepts in mental health services research. 9.5 Examples of mental health services research studies. 9.6 Conclusion. 10 The pharmacoepidemiology of psychiatric medications (Philip S. Wang, Alan M. Brookhart, Christine Ulbricht and Sebastian Schneeweiss). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Overview of psychopharmacoepidemiology. 10.3 Sources of data. 10.4 Examples of recent psychopharmacoepidemiologic studies. 10.5 Conclusions. 11 Peering into the future of psychiatric epidemiology (Michaeline Bresnahan, Ezra Susser, Dana March and Bruce Link). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Levels of causation: A historical overview. 11.3 Levels of causation. 11.4 Causation over (life) time. 11.5 Examples. 11.6 Framing the future. 12 Studying the natural history of psychopathology (William W. Eaton). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Onset. 12.3 Course. 12.4 Outcome. 12.5 Methodological concepts for studying the natural history of psychopathology. 12.6 Conclusion. 13 Symptom scales and diagnostic schedules in adult psychiatry (Jane M. Murphy). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 North American instruments for epidemiological research. 13.3 North American instruments for psychiatric services and primary care. 13.4 European instruments for psychiatric services and primary care. 13.5 European instruments for epidemiological research. 13.6 Summary. 14 The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and its extensions (Ronald C. Kessler). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 The baseline NCS. 14.3 The NCS follow-up survey (NCS-2). 14.4 The NCS replication survey (NCS-R). 14.5 The NCS-R adolescent supplement (NCS-A). 14.6 The WHO WMH Surveys. 14.7 Overview. 15 Experimental epidemiology (John R. Geddes). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Limitations of non-randomised evidence. 15.3 RCTs: The translation of the experimental design into the real world. 15.4 Importance and control of systematic error or bias. 15.5 Importance and control of random error and noise. 15.6 Reporting the results of clinical trials—the CONSORT statement. 15.7 Different clinical questions will prioritise control of different threats to validity and confidence. 15.8 The classification of RCTs. 15.9 Effectiveness trials in schizophrenia. 15.10 Department of Veterans Affairs co-operative study on the cost-effectiveness of Olanzapine (Rosenheck). 15.11 The clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness (CATIE) study. 15.12 Cost utility of the latest antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia study (CUtLASS 1). 15.13 European first-episode schizophrenia trial (EUFEST). 15.14 The size and cost of experimental studies in psychiatry. 15.15 Clinical trials in the future. 16 Epidemiology of Schizophrenia (William W. Eaton, Chuan-Yu Chen and Evelyn J. Bromet). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Methods. 16.3 The burden of schizophrenia. 16.4 Natural history. 16.5 Demographic correlates. 16.6 Social risk factors. 16.7 Biological risk factors. 16.8 Prevention. 16.9 Discussion. 17 Epidemiology of depressive disorders (Deborah S. Hasin, Miriam C. Fenton and Myrna M. Weissman). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Major depression. 17.3 Dysthymia. 17.4 Summary. 18 Epidemiology of anxiety disorders (Ewald Horwath, Felicia Gould and Myrna M. Weissman). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Anxiety disorders. 18.3 Panic disorder. 18.4 Agoraphobia. 18.5 Social phobia. 18.6 Generalised anxiety disorder. 18.7 Obsessive–compulsive disorder. 18.8 Anxiety and affective disorders and mass disasters. 18.9 Future developments. 19 Epidemiology of bipolar disorder in adults and children (Kathleen R. Merikangas and Mauricio Tohen). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Epidemiology of bipolar disorder. 19.3 Patterns of comorbidity of bipolar disorder. 19.4 Risk Factors. 19.5 Future directions. 19.6 Summary. 20 Epidemiology of eating disorders (Tracey D. Wade, Anna Keski-Rahkonen and James I. Hudson). 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Case definition. 20.3 Major prevalence studies. 20.4 Incidence studies. 20.5 Comorbidity. 20.6 Mortality from eating disorders. 20.7 Risk factors. 20.8 Future directions. 21 Epidemiology of alcohol use, abuse and dependence (Deborah A. Dawson, Ralph W. Hingson and Bridget F. Grant). 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Population estimates of per capita consumption. 21.3 Survey-based estimates of the prevalence of drinking. 21.4 Alcohol-related mortality and morbidity. 21.5 Alcohol and injury. 21.6 Alcohol and chronic disease. 21.7 Diagnostic classification of alcohol use disorders. 21.8 Population estimates, prevalence, incidence and natural course of alcohol use disorders. 21.9 Comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and other psychiatric disorders. 21.10 Summary. 22 Epidemiology of illicit drug use disorders (Wilson M. Compton, Marsha F. Lopez, Kevin P. Conway and Yonette F. Thomas). 22.1 Introduction. 22.2 Drug consumption. 22.3 Definitions. 22.4 Rates of DSM-IV abuse and dependence. 22.5 Global rates of drug use disorders. 22.6 Comorbidities with psychiatric conditions. 22.7 Genetic epidemiology. 22.8 Future opportunities. 22.9 Conclusions. 22.10 Disclaimer. 23 The epidemiology of personality disorders: Findings, methods and concepts (Michael J. Lyons, Beth A. Jerskey and Margo R. Genderson). 23.1 Introduction. 23.2 Substantive findings. 23.3 Course, prognosis and developmental issues. 23.4 Treated prevalence. 23.5 Prevalence of specific personality disorders. 23.6 Antisocial personality disorder. 23.7 Conceptual issues. 23.8 Models of personality disorder. 23.9 Methodological issues. 23.10 Future directions. 24 The epidemiology of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents (Kathleen Ries Merikangas and Erin F. Nakamura). 24.1 Introduction. 24.2 Magnitude of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. 24.3 Correlates and risk factors. 24.4 Service patterns and impact. 24.5 Summary. 25 Epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Stephen V. Faraone). 25.1 Introduction. 25.2 Prevalence of ADHD. 25.3 Pharmacoeconomics of ADHD. 25.4 Comorbid psychiatric disorders. 25.5 Demographic risk factors. 25.6 Genetic risk factors. 25.7 Environmental risk factors for ADHD. 25.8 Summary and conclusions. 25.9 Future directions. 26 The epidemiology of autism (Gregory S. Liptak). 26.1 Introduction. 26.2 Background. 26.3 Definition and diagnosis. 26.4 Natural history. 26.5 Prevalence. 26.6 Risk factors. 26.7 Genetic factors. 26.8 Public health impact. 26.9 Associations and causal factors. 26.10 Future directions. 26.11 Summary. 27 Mental illness, women, mothers and their children (Kathryn M. Abel and Vera A. Morgan). 27.1 Introduction. 27.2 The epidemiology of mental illness in women of reproductive age. 27.3 Fertility and fecundity in women with mental illness. 27.4 Maternal mental illness at the time of conception and during pregnancy. 27.5 Gene–environment interactions and offspring outcomes. 27.6 Obstetric complications and risk of adult onset mental disorder in offspring. 27.7 Parental condition. 27.8 Motherhood and perinatal mental illness. 27.9 Designing studies examining the relationship between maternal mental illness and outcomes for their children. 27.10 Conclusions. 28 Epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide(Dianne Currier and Maria A. Oquendo). 28.1 Introduction. 28.2 Definitions. 28.3 Prevalence of suicide and attempted suicide. 28.4 Risk factors for suicide and attempted suicide. 28.5 Protective factors. 28.6 Conclusions. 29 Epidemiology and geriatric psychiatry (Celia F. Hybels and Dan G. Blazer). 29.1 Introduction. 29.2 Issues of case identification. 29.3 The distribution of cases. 29.4 Aetiological studies. 29.5 Outcome studies. 29.6 Historical trends in the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in late life. 29.7 Use of health care services. 30 Recent epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in Japan (Masayoshi Kawai, Kenji J. Tsuchiya and Nori Takei). 30.1 Introduction. 30.2 Schizophrenia. 30.3 Affective disorders. 30.4 Autism and autism spectrum disorder. 30.5 Summary. 31 Epidemiology of migration and serious mental illness: The example of migrants to Europe (Monica Charalambides, Craig Morgan and Robin M. Murray). 31.1 Introduction. 31.2 Defining the constructs. 31.3 High rates of psychosis in migrants: A genuine finding or methodological artefact? 31.4 Possible explanations. 31.5 Biological considerations. 31.6 Cannabis use. 31.7 Adverse social experiences. 31.8 Mechanisms. 31.9 Implications. 32 Epidemiology of migration substance use disorder in Latin American populations and migration to the United States (Marıa Elena Medina-Mora, Guilherme Borges, Tania Real and Jorge Villatoro). 32.1 Introduction. 32.2 Definitions: What do we understand by migration? 32.3 Countries of origin: Social, political and other reasons that trigger migration. 32.4 Living conditions of migrants in the United States. 32.5 Alcohol and drug use in countries of origin and receiving communities. 32.6 Dependence and treatment rates. 32.7 The process of migrating. 32.8 Migration, substance use and access to services. 32.9 Returning migrants and families left behind. 32.10 Conclusions. 33 Early detection and intervention as approaches for preventing schizophrenia (Ming T. Tsuang, William S. Stone, Margo Genderson and Michael Lyons). 33.1 Introduction. 33.2 Modelling genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. 33.3 Defining a syndrome of liability using cognitive and clinical characteristics of relatives. 33.4 Gene-based vs. genome-based research. 33.5 Future directions. 33.6 Clinical implications. Acknowledgements. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSocial psychiatry is concerned with the effects of the social environment on the mental health of the individual, and with the effects of the person with a mental disorder on his/her social environment. The field encompasses social interventions, prevention and the promotion of mental health.Trade Review"This should be of interest not only to those in the mental health professions who are committed to the practice and investigation of social psychiatry but to all who are engaged in the mental health system irrespective of their theoretical persuasions." (Transcultural Psychiatry, July 2011) "Since it is claimed that depression is the fourth most common cause of health-related disability, there is a perceived need for effective psychological interventions that can be delivered within the community on a large scale. Low-cost ways of reducing the financial and human burden of common mental disorders are thoroughly explored in this book."(International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2011) "The chapter by Dinesh Bhugra and Susham Gupta on culture and its influence on diagnosis and management could be a useful free-standing training manual for mental health professionals working in a cross-cultural or multicultural setting" (International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2011)Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Foreword xiiiMario Maj Preface xv Social Psychiatry: Alive and KickingDinesh Bhugra and Craig Morgan Part One Perspectives and Methods 1 1 The Historical Development of Social Psychiatry 3Julian Leff 2 Why Psychiatry Has to be Social 13Paul E. Bebbington 3 Categories and Continuums 31Peter Tyrer 4 Social, Biological and Personal Constructions of Mental Illness 39Derek Bolton 5 Social Science Perspectives: A Failure of the Sociological Imagination 51Craig Morgan and Arthur Kleinman 6 Concepts and Challenges in Capturing Dynamics of the Wider Social Environment 65Stephani L. Hatch and Dana March 7 Qualitative Research Methods 77Joanna Murray Part Two Components of the Social World 89 8 The Social Epidemiology of Mental Disorder 91Ronald C. Kessler, Philip S. Wang and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen 9 Families and Psychosis 103Juliana Onwumere, Ben Smith and Elizabeth Kuipers 10 Culture and Its Influence on Diagnosis and Management 117Dinesh Bhugra and Susham Gupta 11 Culture and Identity 133Julian Leff 12 Globalization and Psychiatry 141Rahul Bhattacharya, Susham Gupta and Dinesh Bhugra 13 Trauma and Disasters in Social and Cultural Context 155Laurence J. Kirmayer, Hanna Kienzler, Abdel Hamid Afana and Duncan Pedersen Part Three Social Determinants 179 14 Fundamental Social Causes of Health Inequalities 181Jo C. Phelan and Bruce G. Link 15 The Sociodevelopmental Origins of Psychosis 193Craig Morgan and Gerard Hutchinson 16 Depression 215Tom K. J. Craig 17 Common Mental Disorders 227Christoph Lauber 18 Suicide 237Gwendolyn Portzky and Kees van Heeringen 19 Personality Disorder 249Priya Bajaj and Mike Crawford 20 Drug Use, Drug Problems and Drug Addiction: Social Influences and Social Responses 259John Strang, Michael Gossop and John Witton 21 Eating Disorders 277Mervat Nasser 22 Social Factors that Influence Child Mental Health 285Nisha Dogra 23 Social Determinants of Late Life Disorders 295Robert Stewart Part Four Social Consequences and Responses 305 24 Responses to the Onset of Mental Health Problems: Issues and Findings from Research on Illness Behaviour and the Use of Health Services 307Bernice A. Pescosolido 25 Gender and Reproductive Health 321Louise Howard 26 Stigma and Discrimination 331Graham Thornicroft, Nisha Mehta, Elaine Brohan and Aliya Kassam 27 Taking Inequality’s Measure: Poverty, Displacement, Unemployment and Mental Health 341Kim Hopper 28 Health Economics and Psychiatry: The Pursuit of Efficiency 371Martin Knapp and Jennifer Beecham Part Five Social Interventions 385 29 Team Structures in Community Mental Health 387Tom Burns 30 Prevention 397Tristan McGeorge, Sean Cross and Rachel Jenkins 31 Principles of Social Intervention 411Richard Warner 32 Social Interventions for Psychosis 425David Kingdon, Yoshihiro Kinoshita and Stefan Gleeson 33 Social Management of Common Mental Disorders 439Patricia R. Casey 34 Problem-Solving Therapy for People with Personality Disorders 449Mary McMurran, Christine Maguth Nezu and Arthur M. Nezu 35 Social Support 461Traolach S. Brugha 36 Modern Social Networking and Mental Health 477Keir Jones, James Woollard and Dinesh Bhugra 37 The Psychiatric–Child Protection Interface: Research to Inform Practice 483Colin Pritchard Part Six Global Mental Health 499 38 Mental Health in Europe: Learning from Differences 501Mirella Ruggeri and Maria Elena Bertani 39 East Meets West: Current Mental Health Burdens in Greater China 517Roger M. K. Ng and Zhanjiang Li 40 Social Psychiatry in India 531R. Thara and R. Padmavati 41 Social Psychiatry in Africa: Evidence and Challenges 541Oye Gureje and Victor Makanjuola 42 Social Psychiatry in the Americas 551Pedro Ruiz Epilogue 559 43 Where Next for Social Psychiatry? 561Dinesh Bhugra and Craig Morgan Index 565

Read more less