Medical research Books

Book SynopsisThis book is a continuation of the book "Medicine Researcher Biographical Sketches and Research Summaries" which compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of medicinal research, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.''

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the connection between flow (or the mental state of becoming fully immersed in an activity) with a diverse range of physical and mental conditions. It begins with an introduction to the theory of flow and previous research on its social role and health benefits. It then provides an overview of the neurological functions underlying flow as well as instruments and methods for measuring it. The remainder of the book outlines, through a critical discussion of recent clinical research, the relationships between flow and emotional issues such as guilt, shyness, stress, and optimism. The study shows that the promotion of flow can benefit those suffering from negative emotional conditions. This work is significant because it shows areas in which promotion of flow can potentially provide clinical benefits.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers readers an overview of the field of toxicology while incorporating historical context with present day advances. The chapters, written in a style that facilitates the reader''s connection of past developments with the present state-of-the-art practices in specific fields of toxicology, provide a detailed coverage of diverse areas in toxicology. The areas of chapters chosen for detailed discussion are characteristic of the overall field and helps to reinforce the basic principles of toxicology. As such, this book will be a valuable resource not only for those scientists in the field of toxicology, but also for those in related fields (e.g., pharmacology, physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, immunology and others). Additionally, this book will be a valuable resource for teaching graduate students in not only toxicology, but also in the related fields above. While this book is not primarily intended as an introductory text for undergraduate students'' first exposure to the field of toxicology, it would serve very useful as a text for an advanced undergraduate level biology or chemistry course. The chapters are filled with appropriate tables and figures which help illustrate and reinforce the information in each chapter. The referencing of material cited is carefully prepared and provides links to additional information that will aid the reader in understanding and appreciating the information within the text. The reader will find this book to be of significant depth and breadth so as to meet the needs of many groups of students and established scientists.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an account of criticism and controversy surrounding modern medicine. Chapter One provides an overview of the contents. Chapter Four explains the contribution of the concept of paradigm'' to the analysis provided. The argument is that, for all its fine accomplishments in medicine, the science has also damaged the art. This view is an echo of views expressed by eminent physicians early in the last Century, including William Osler and Francis Peabody. Concrete evidence of an ailing doctor-patient relationship is manifest in the form of some serious clinical problems. These include patient dissatisfaction, failure to take prescribed medication, failure of a doctor''s reassurance of normality to allay anxiety, resort to alternative medicine, use of patient advocates and defection'' to alternative medicine. These we see as, not only damaging to treatment and health outcome, and very expensive, but indicators of a basic lack of trust. To compound the problem, the clinical process is essentially hermeneutic; an interpretive exercise. Hence it cannot be studied without interview and qualitative data analysis. Such methods are also indispensable for the understanding of the doctor''s management decisions, particularly the social context. The science of medicine is well served by biomedical research and education which has recently been reinforced by the rise of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine. Of great concern is that the skills of sociology and the humanities have been spurned, even denigrated as journalistic'' or unscientific''. Not only has this prevented physicians from fully understanding the patient''s medical views and social predicament, but has robbed us of the humanistic'' research methods needed to research the problems. These problems cannot be explained simply as side-effects of the impact of science. Rather there are much deeper currents. In Thomas Kuhn''s terms, medicine shifted paradigm from superstition to rationality in Ancient Greece, and again to scientific modern medicine at the time of the French Revolution. Medicine, it seems, is on the cusp of a further paradigm shift to a postmodern paradigm. The goal is that this brings the necessary balance between the already revitalised science and the ancient art of medicine. To achieve this, the establishment of centres for the study of clinical practice'' to train reflective physicians'', who will lead clinical practice research'', with multidisciplinary studies of the process of clinical care is needed. This will mean applying research methods of empirical science, clinical epidemiology, biostatistics and evidence-based medicine, already in progress and, in cooperation with relevant academics hosted by the centre, interview techniques involving qualitative analysis or any other appropriate methods. An important function is to act as a catalyst to inject social science and humanities into the current modern medical curriculum.

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Book SynopsisCurcumin is a natural product with polyphenolic structure. It is used in therapeutic remedies alone or in combination with other natural substances. Many researchers are investigating it because of its biological activities such as: anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-protozoal, anti-viral, anti-bacterial and has been found to be effective for treatment of Alzheimer, depression, headaches, fibromyalgia, leprosy, fever, menstrual problems, water retention, worms and kidney problems etc. It is an active ingredient in dietary spice, turmeric. It has reactive functional groups: a diketone moiety and two phenolic groups. Despite its unique biological activities, it suffers from some shortcomings which include: gastrointestinal problems, poor bioavailability due to its poor absorption, short half-life, poor solubility in aqueous solutions, rapid systemic elimination and antithrombotic activity which can interfere with blood clotting. The first chapter of this book reviews the different delivery systems used for incorporation of curcumin and its derivatives, release kinetics and up to date in vivo results. Chapter two discusses curcumin nano and microencapsulation and its implications on clinical uses. Chapter three studies the epigenetic changes induced by curcumin and its congeners and the potential of utilising these changes in the treatment of different diseases. The last two chapters examine the effects of curcumin in human nasal epithelial cells; and differential absorption of curcuminoids between free and liposomed curcumin formulations.

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Book SynopsisIncisional hernia (IH) represents a postoperative abnormal orifice or weakness in the abdominal wall through which normally contained viscera protrude beneath the skin. This book examines the risk factors, prevention methods, and management options for incisional hernias. It also provides a biomolecular basis of IH; discusses the loss of abdominal domain; examines preoperative techniques for the management of giant hernias; studies intraabdominal pressure modification in "component separation" techniques for the repair of incisional hernias; reviews the incidence, and repair of IH after abdominal organ transplantation; and finally, provides an overview of the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications of right sided congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH).

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Book SynopsisCryosurgery is a common procedure, known for thousands of years. Cryoablation causes tissue necrosis by freezing the targeted tissues. Necrosis results from the freezing and thawing of cells (crystallisation water) and the sequestration of the dead tissue by the organism. After removal of the lesion, regeneration through the layering of a new epithelium starts. Cryosurgery is a safe procedure which does not cause pain or bleeding. It may be performed in an outpatient clinic and premedication is not necessary. The first section of this book focuses on cryosurgery. Chapter One examines the use of cryosurgery in otolaryngology. Chapter Two addresses all clinical aspects of cryosurgery, summarises the current status of cryosurgery in the treatment guidelines along with the technical success and clinical outcomes of this technique, and compares it to other ablative techniques including the most recent ones such as irreversible electroporation (IRE), and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Furthermore, it discusses the future perspectives of cryosurgery in management of small renal tumors. The second section of the book reviews colposcopies. Chapter Three addresses the different colposcopic findings in squamous and glandular cervical lesions, and demonstrates the performance of colposcopy in cervical intraepithelial lesions diagnosis. Chapter Four reviews the characteristics, risk factors, methods for screening the diagnosis of, and the role of colposcopy in making the diagnosis of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VaIN). Chapter Five studies the use of vaginal vault cytology after a hysterectomy. Chapter Six critically reviews the causes, risk factors and management of Postcoital bleeding (PCB) in an attempt to outline a unified guidance based on the best available evidence for women and gynecologists alike. Chapter Seven reports clinical procedures, therapeutic effects, and prognosis after the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and early stage cervical cancer. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of PDT in comparison with laser vaporisation and endocervical conisation for CIN and early stage cervical cancer. The final chapter is a commentary which provides and tests a new concept of vulcoscopy to the anatomy of the vulva, according to the differences in histological structure and embryological origin of the vulvar structures. 

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Book SynopsisThere have been very rapid advances in scientific, technical, clinical, and administrative areas of transfusion medicine since the beginning of this millennium, which need to be propagated among the workers in the field. This book is a vital tool for managerial, technical, and clinical staff in understanding the specific issues in the subject, which provide information regarding the particular aspects in the three volumes of the book. This publication was intended to provide a helpful resource to many workers in the technical and clinical fields as well as trainees and academia in the subject of transfusion medicine. The authors from developed and developing countries have contributed their knowledge in current technology, clinical support, and managerial issues. Editors have applied special attention to select authors who have practical experience on working the ground level of their specialties, especially in developing countries. A total of eighty authors across the globe have contributed fifty chapters in this three-volume textbook. Translating scientific advances to the patient creates an exciting environment for training. The textbooks in transfusion medicine are expensive for students and workers from developing countries. To achieve cost efficiency, this book is divided into three volumes: Organization and Management, Basics of Blood Bank Practices, and Good Clinical Transfusion Practices. It is thus possible to procure/buy the volume required for a specific purpose from an interested person, either from transfusion medicine or from allied specialties. The chapters in all three volumes are concise and thorough in regards to the subject for the administrative, laboratory, and clinical practices. The editors and authors have endeavored much to provide practical and instructive chapters from which readers will be able to find useful and detailed information on the subject. The editors have taken care to incorporate the necessary topics by inviting authors experienced in those subjects to write chapters providing up-to-date information. Due care is taken in editing those chapters by the editors and their associates besides the language editor. All three volumes are easily readable and full of stimulating and enlightening informative material described by these experienced authors. This book will provide a helpful resource for supporting and improving technical skills of all those who work in the field of transfusion medicine. It will keep them abreast with latest developments for the management of transfusion medicine departments and laboratories as well as assuring quality, reliability, and safety in their workplaces. This compilation will serve as a textbook for graduate and post-graduate students in transfusion medicine, hematology (and transplantations), laboratory technology, biotechnology, clinical nursing, anesthesiology, internist, and management students in healthcare services. This textbook will also serve as a reference book for practitioners from the above specialties.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents results of current research conducted in the I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine (former I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, Tbilisi, Georgia) and is devoted to the experimental investigation of systemic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of physiological functions and their disorders in pathology. More precisely, the results of the following studies are described and discussed: The new, original theory of the fourth main state of an organisms vitality; memory impairments following excitotoxic lesions; biologically positive behavioral indices of the transition state, caused by informational stress and their pharmacological regulation; functioning of mechanisms responsible for perception constancy; peculiarities of EEG characteristics in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of the basic mechanisms for neocortical and hippocampal arousal; changes in learning ability and induction of aggressive behavior caused by manganese loading and ionising radiation; hippocampal activity during learning in different behavioral paradigms; molecular mechanism of PARP-1 action; significance of the diencephalic GABAergic neurons in normal and pathological activity of the brain; cellular mechanisms of antinociceptive tolerance; thermal stability of model globular protein; kinetic features of transport ATPases; antiseizure drugs and EEG in epileptic patients; effect of depakin on EEG epileptiform elements; how six domains form one enzyme; therapeutic potential of extracellular ubiquitin; effect of toluene chronic exposure on hippocampal structure; and the mechanisms of local hyperthermia caused by morphological changes in cerebral tissue.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes classical and potential PET radiopharmaceuticals (PET-RPs) which can provide high-resolution 5D images in-vivo to simultaneously diagnose and treat the patient. This novel (theranostic) approach avoids futile therapies, unnecessary radiation exposure, and saves a lot of time, money, and energy. The most significant challenge is to properly build Cyclotron & PET RPs labs. Existing books offer insufficient knowledge to accomplish the full potential of these highly specialized, expansive, and sophisticated labs, demanding in-depth knowledge, confidence, cooperation, a mutual understanding, adjustment, time management, team effort, patience, resilience, and dedication. A systematic approach is provided to integrate Cyclotron and PET-RPS labs, run the cyclotron properly, resolve technical problems efficiently, and maintain quality control (QC) without being exposed to an unnecessary radiation hazard due to repetitive run failure, innocence, ignorance, negligence, misconception, misunderstanding, and/or overconfidence. Described QC experiments can be globally reproduced in other labs. The contents provided are thought-provoking and motivate cyclotron engineers, basic scientists, radiopharmaceutical scientists, radiopharmacists, and physicians to develop novel PET-RPs in this challenging the era of Nanotheranostics. The most recent knowledge of potential PET-RPs in the early theranostics of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, drug addiction, obesity, neurobehavioral disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic inflammatory illnesses is provided with currently limited treatment options. This unique, informative, and timely released book will act as a helpful guide; it is an applied textbook for basic biomedical students, scientists, researchers, teachers, doctors, administrators, and affiliated staff involved in current and future development of novel PET-RPs to accomplish personalized theranostics.

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Book SynopsisThe Limits Of Medicine Are Not Static Stem cell therapy is a complicated field—one that usually overwhelms patients seeking treatment for chronic pain that they can’t solve through medication or other forms of therapy. But before those patients look toward surgery to try and mend their ailments, Dr. Naota Hashimoto, Dr. Suhyun An, and Dr. Bohdan Olesnicky hope to provide another option in Demystifying Stem Cells: A Real-Life Approach to Regenerative Medicine. In this book, you’ll learn all about how regenerative medicine is the future of healthcare—an innovative and incredibly powerful new treatment that can get you back on your feet from long-term injuries or chronic pain. You’ll understand how stem cell therapy works and if you are a candidate for treatment. The longer you suffer from a worsening health condition, the less likely you are to achieve optimal results from regenerative medicine—so don’t hesitate to learn more about stem cell therapy or growth factor treatments. Doing something is always better than doing nothing when it comes to your future health.

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Book Synopsis“Urgent, alarming, riveting, and essential.” —Ibram X. Kendi Carte Blanche is the alarming tale of how the right of Americans to say “no” to risky medical research is being violated. Patients' right to give or withhold consent is supposed to be protected by law, but for decades medical research has been conducted on trauma victims—who are disproportionately people of color—without their consent or even their knowledge. Harriet A. Washington, the author of Medical Apartheid, is again exposing a large-scale violation of patient, civil, and human rights. She reveals that the abuse first began in the military: In 1990, the Department of Defense forced an experimental anthrax vaccine on ground troops headed for the Persian Gulf. After a 1996 loophole to federal law permitted research to be conducted even on private citizens, particularly trauma patients, the military has pressed ahead to impose nonconsensual testing of the dangerous and sometimes lethal blood substitute PolyHeme among civilians, quietly using it on more than 20,000 non-consenting victims. Since then, more than a dozen studies have used the 1996 loophole to give risky and potentially deadly drugs to patients without their knowledge, especially people of color, many of whom were already justifiably distrustful of racial bias in medicine. Carte Blanche is an exposé of a U.S. medical-research system that has proven again and again that it cannot be trusted.Trade Review“Urgent, alarming, riveting, and essential, Carte Blanche reveals that Americans, including African Americans, are still being medically experimented upon without their consent—yet again in research sanctioned by law. Harriet Washington’s powerful indictment of ongoing medical coercion unveils a gross violation of our human rights. It is vital reading at a moment when change is so necessary.” —Ibram X. Kendi, author of How to Be an Antiracist “Harriet Washington’s new book Carte Blanche, about unsanctioned medical experimentation on Americans, is the most unsettling and alarming work I’ve read in a long time. This issue is not a relic of history. It's a problem RIGHT NOW. This is required reading to understand the context of this pandemic.” —Jelani Cobb, author of The Substance of Hope: Barack Obama and the Paradox of Progress “A tight and informative historical overview of the ways informed consent has been evaded.” —Washington Post “Medical ethicist and journalist Washington offers considerable evidence of deceptive and devious practices in medical research, which especially impact Black Americans.... An enlightening and well-supported examination of shocking malfeasance.” —Kirkus Reviews “I want to thank Harriet Washington for her wonderful book. As a physician, it was really engaging reading for so many reasons. It encompasses all the human conflicts and challenges we face when working in a fundamentally unjust system.” —Olajide A. Williams, MD, MS, Professor and Chief of Staff of the Department of Neurology at the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons

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Book SynopsisThis valuable new book, Handbook of Research on Medicinal Chemistry: Innovations and Methodologies, presents some of the latest advancements in the various fields of combinatorial chemistry, drug discovery, biochemical aspects, pharmacology of medicinal agents, current practical problems, and nutraceuticals. The editors keep the drug molecule as the central component of the volume and aim to explain the associated features essential to exhibiting pharmacological activity. With a unique combination of chapters in biology, clinical aspects, biochemistry, synthetic chemistry, medicine and technology, the volume provides broad exposure to the essential aspect of pharmaceuticals. The volume many important aspects of medicinal chemistry, including techniques in drug discovery pharmacological aspects of natural products chemical mediators: druggable targets advances in medicinal chemistry The field of medicinal chemistry is growing at an unprecedented pace, and this volume takes an interdisciplinary approach, covering a range of new research and new practices in the field. The volume takes into account the latest therapeutic guidelines put forward by the World Health Organization and the U.S Food and Drug Administration..Topics include: drug design drug discovery natural products and supplements and nutraceuticals pharmaceutical approaches to sexual dysfunction drug resistance parasites new natural compounds and identification of new targets stereochemistry aspects in medicinal chemistry common drug interactions in daily practices Handbook of Research on Medicinal Chemistry: Innovations and Methodologies will be a valuable addition to the bookshelves of pharmaceutical scientists and faculty as well as for industry professionals.Trade Review"A valuable book that will deliver newer aspects and applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. . . . A very useful reference book that encompasses various principles and applications associated with medicinal chemistry. [It] integrates insights regarding drug discovery, pharmacological aspects of natural products, druggable targets of chemical mediators, and several classes of medicinal agents. . . . It is a good skillful blend of medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, pharmacology, formulation, and miscellaneous subjects."—From the Foreword by Vivekananda Mandal, PhD, Former WERC Researcher, Government of Japan; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University (Central University), India“An excellent resource for cultivating sound research acumen in the area of medicinal chemistry. Unlike most books in the field, this goes beyond purely theoretical knowledge and greatly focuses on experimental procedures and practical approaches to develop a nuance understanding in the field of drug discovery. I thoroughly enjoyed the clear and interesting presentation of the material. Great efforts have been invested to ensure that it is easily accessible to both students and teachers. The book shows promising potential in exploring the field of medicinal chemistry and will prove to be an important aid to the researchers.”—Neelam Singla, PhD, Director, Accura Research Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India"A valuable book that will deliver newer aspects and applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. . . . A very useful reference book that encompasses various principles and applications associated with medicinal chemistry. [It] integrates insights regarding drug discovery, pharmacological aspects of natural products, druggable targets of chemical mediators, and several classes of medicinal agents. . . . It is a good skillful blend of medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, pharmacology, formulation, and miscellaneous subjects."—From the Foreword by Vivekananda Mandal, PhD, Former WERC Researcher, Government of Japan; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University (Central University), IndiaTable of ContentsCombinatorial Chemistry: Role in Lead Discovery. Advanced Techniques in Bimolecular Simulations. Retrometabolic Drug Design. Insight Into The Pharmacological Potentials of Camellia sinensis Linn. Pharmaceutical Importance of Natural Aphrodisiac Drugs. Serotonin: Chemical, Biological and Therapeutic Aspects. Eicosanoids: Constitution and Pathophysiological Functions. Development of Antimalarial Drug Analogues to Combat Plasmodium Resistance. Chemistry and Pharmacology of Β-Lactam Analogues. General Anaesthetics. Stereochemical Aspects in Medicinal Chemistry. Pharmaceutical Interactions in Drug Practices.

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Book SynopsisPeople with dementia are uniquely qualified to discuss the challenges of their condition and the features of effective support, but their voices are all too often drowned out in research and debates about policy. It''s time for that to change.Dementia Enquirers is an ambitious and novel programme of work which has tested out what it means for people with dementia to lead research and has developed a new ''driving seat'' approach to co-research.This ground-breaking book features 26 research projects led by groups of people with dementia, supported by group facilitators and academics, to make their voices heard. Topics include giving up driving, GP dementia reviews, living alone with dementia, and using AI platforms such as smart speakers. The book also describes how people with dementia shaped the entire programme, and addressed head-on issues such as ethics approval processes and complex research language.A key read for anyone involved in dementia support, this research

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Book SynopsisMankind vs Microbes is part memoir, part history lesson in microbiology and infectious diseases. It is a compelling story written by one of the world's leading clinical microbiologists. Born in a poverty-stricken part of Pakistan, the author shares his personal life experience of infectious diseases, from Cholera to Covid, which he and his family members contracted during their lives. Despite his impoverished background, he pursues his dream of becoming a doctor. The book follows his journey through many struggles in his early life as he beats the odds to become a clinical microbiologist working across three continents and ultimately becoming one of the world's leading experts in infection prevention and control. Alongside the remarkable life story, the origins of each disease are explored utilising historical context and captivating accounts about the individuals who first fought against them. Scientific achievements and advances in infection prevention are presented in a succinct and engaging manner. The unique format allows the reader to dip in and out of any section, revealing fascinating facts about one man's lifetime commitment to fighting infections and highlighting how microbes have disrupted our lives since the dawn of mankind.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on the latest international research, leading physician and healthcare expert Professor Geoffrey Guy examines how quantum phenomena affect processes as diverse as the functioning of the brain and the body's approach to combating inflammation and disease. He shows how we may need to rethink the ways in which energy and information are carried round our nervous system.This groundbreaking book assesses the implications for cancer treatment and mental disorders and reopens discussion of areas such as light therapy. It also raises questions about the potentially damaging effects of space travel on astronauts' health and how they might have to be mitigated.Key to the author's approach is his ability to explain lucidly our current knowledge while drawing in cutting-edge research. Written for the general reader, but with a scope and depth that will satisfy medical professionals, Quantum Biology reveals the latest findings from this most fascinating medical frontier.

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Book SynopsisThis book sets out the unique and paradoxical position biomedical science finds itself in, in the early 21st (superscript st) century. Science has never been stronger in shaping the world we live in; progress in medical science during most of the last century has helped to transform health care and prolong our lives; almost daily advances in biological science promise hope for the future and yet medical science has been in serious decline for the past three decades.Biomedical Science in the 21st (superscript st) Century: Sunset or New Dawn? sets out the recent decline in the context of medical science's stunning past successes. Professor Sheridan discusses the failure to translate new discoveries in biological science into medical advances; the dramatic decline in research productivity in the pharmaceutical industry in the context of falling numbers of clinical scientists; the disruption of medical science during prolonged and repeated reforms of health care delivery; changing social and political attitudes towards health care and science; the loss of trust in big pharmaceutical companies and recent revelations of fraud in science. The book deals with the creative nature of original science, how it is driven by curiosity and self-motivation and how these can be stifled by pettifogging managerialism.The book presents a vision of what medical science can deliver during the coming half century and what is needed to overcome the present challenges. It questions the assumptions that big is best in the organisation of science and suggests a new model for drug development based on a restoration of trust and a more constructive relationship between regulators and industry.Table of ContentsThe Rise and Fall of Medical Science in the 20th Century; Advances in Medicine: How Are They Made?; The Impact of the Changing Social, Political and Economic Environment on Medical Science; Fraud in Biomedical Science; The Decline of Biomedical Science Despite Unprecedented Technological Advances: A 21st Century Paradox; Changes in Medical Professionalism in the 21st Century and Their Impact on Medical Science; The Global Demographic Challenge: The Role of Medical Science; Biomedical Science in Modern Economies: Innovation and Health; The Centrality of Medical Science in the 21st Century: Protecting Health and Meeting Future Economic Challenges.

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Book SynopsisAs a group, carp provide 4 million metric tonnes of fish annually - over a quarter of all fish culture worldwide. For the first time, a book is available in English that concentrates solely on the carp as an economic rather than an ornamental fish with a panel of international experts producing a comprehensive, practical volume about carp production and management. Starting with a brief look at the biology of cyprinids, the book then discusses the methods and management of carp farming, from water quality to the economics of fish production in ponds. Novel methods to improve stock, including genetic engineering, are covered and case studies give added value to the text. As carp farming turns from traditional to intensive methods, farmers, researchers and technicians in industry will welcome this benchmark volume, which also is a valuable reference book for graduate and postgraduate students and lecturers in aquaculture.Table of ContentsBiology of the Cyprinids.- Aquatic Ecosystem and Water Quality.- Reproduction.- Genetic Improvements.- Juvenile Rearing.- Ongrowing in Ponds.- The Creation of Ponds.- Processing and the Markets.- The Economics of Fish Production in Ponds.- Appendices.- Index.

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Book SynopsisBringing together a team of leading international experts in the field of research, this book provides an up-to-date and accessible overview of applied research methods in the prehospital environment. Written to support the needs of the paramedicine, emergency medicine and wider healthcare communities in this rapidly advancing research setting, the authors introduce the key areas of research design and methods, evidence-based practice, ethics and quality improvement for both the novice and the more advanced researcher. Relevant examples of prehospital research are also included to fully explain and illustrate the key approaches. High-quality, robust evidence is of the utmost importance to inform prehospital clinical practice and ensure better patient care. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in undertaking research within the prehospital or emergency care setting, including undergraduate and postgraduate students in paramedic science, medicine, nursing and allied health.Trade ReviewThis is an extremely useful text which maps and demystifies the research process for prospective students and practitioners interested in undertaking research in the pre-hospital and ambulance settings. The book covers key topics and offers guidance for dealing with the issues, in a language and style that is easy to follow. -- Professor Paresh Wankhade, Emergency Services Management Expert, Edge Hill University, UK.It’s all here in one book – what paramedics need to get them started on their journey into research. From basic principles to publication, the authors bring a unique prehospital care slant to explaining how research works, in a way which is clear and easy to grasp. -- Dr Alison Porter, Associate Professor in Health Services Research, Swansea University, UKAn easy to read and comprehensive resource for junior pre-hospital researchers. Very comprehensive and covered the nuances of the field well. I will absolutely be recommending this to my post-graduate students. -- Prof Karen Smith, Director Centre for Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria

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Book SynopsisMany communication disorders are poorly understood and many treatments used in therapy remain unproven. Speech and Language therapists are increasingly involved in research in these areas but may lack the training and experience required to conduct it. Not the least of their problems is that few textbooks discuss the specific problems of research design in communication disorders. Research Methods in Speech and Language Therapy fills this gap. It will serve as an introductory text for students who are training to be therapists and as an introduction to more advanced methods for clinicians involved in research. Different approaches to research are described and the basic principles of research design and statistical analysis described. The book uses a wide range of published research to illustrate how research may be conducted in these areas and gives particular attention to the problems of researching the effectiveness of therapy.Trade Review"...a highly accessible volume...I would urge any therapist, student or researcher in communication disorders to have this text to hand..." (Child Language Teaching & Therapy, Vol 21 (3) 2005)Table of ContentsForeward. Preface. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Designing experiments. Chapter 3 Describing data. Chapter 4 The normal distribution and staandardized tests. Chapter 5 Some statistical tests. Chapter 6 Analysis of variance I. Chapter 7 Analysis of variance II. Chapter 8 Into the storm. Chapter 9 Analysising categorical data. Chapter 10 Correlation and regression. Chapter 11 Measurement. Chapter 12 Asking questions. Chapter 13 Observational research. Chapter 14 Efficacy: are we going about it in the right way? Chapter 15 Single cases and specific therapies. Answers to exercises. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis practical handbook aims to give the practising nurse and health-care professional the tools to implement research in the clinical setting. There is no intention here of revisiting the deep theoretical issues related to research; rather the book seeks to offer a clear toolkit on how the research might be implemented. Chris Bassett has drawn together the work of six acknowledged experts in this field.Trade Review"... this book is very readable..." (Musculoskeletal Care, October 2006)Table of ContentsThe Importance of Research in Nursing Practice. The Relevance of research in Nursing. Commonly-used Research Methods. Reading and Understanding research Reports. Exploring and Overcoming The Barriers to Research. Local and national Context of Research.

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Book SynopsisAssessment is arguably the most important stage of nursing. It forms the basis for any planned nursing intervention and a baseline against which subsequent events in the hospital stay can be compared. Assessment is an ongoing activity where the patient is continually reviewed and care reappraised to ensure that the patient’s needs are being met. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Byron Physical Assessment Framework (BPAF). the study involved scrutinising the BPAF to describe its purpose, conceptual basis and how it was developed. The BAF was then refined using extensive literature review and expert opinion to improve its comprehensiveness and clarity for its intended purpose. This monograph should be useful to all those attempting to construct and validate clinical assessment and measuring tools. Ruth Harris has the expertise necessary to do this in a sophisticated yet realistic way for practice colleagues.Table of ContentsAssessment Tools. Development and Refinement of The Byron Physical assessment Framework. Evaluation of The Reliability of The Byron Physical assessment Framework. Evaluation of The Validity of The Byron Physical assessment Framework. Discussion. Appendix 1 - Physical Assessment Teaching information for Staff. Appendix 2 - Second Version of The Nursing-led Inpatient unit (nliu) Physical Assessment Framework. Appendix 3 - First Version of The nliu Physical Assessment Framework. Appendix 4 - Abnormal Physiological Signs and Symptoms of The Cardiovascular System. Appendix 5 - Abnormal Physiological signs and Symptoms of The Neurological System. Appendix 6 - Abnormal physiological Signs and Symptoms of The Gastrointestinal System. Appendix 7 - abnormal Physiological Signs and Symptoms of The Genitourinary System. Appendix 8 - Definition of Items on The Byron Physical Assessment Framework Before refinement by Expert Group. Appendix 9 - Definition of Items on The Bryon physical Assessment Framework After Refinement by Expert Group.

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Book SynopsisThis is a comprehensive book with theoretical and practical input for health care researchers exploring the humanistic and individual aspects of health and illness. It covers the main qualitative research methods and provides clear, concise and well-evidenced clinical information for researchers from all disciplines.Table of ContentsUsing Qualitative Research in Health Care. Using Focus Groups in qualitative Healthcare Research. Using Action Research in Qualitative healthcare Research. Using Grounded Theory in Qualitative Healthcare Research. Using Illuminative Case Studies in Qualitative Healthcare Research. Using ethnography Case Studies in Qualitative Healthcare Research. Using Phenomenolgy in Qualitative Healthcare Research. Using Historic Analysis in Qualitative healthcare Research. Index.

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Book SynopsisDrawing together contributions from a broad selection of internationally recognized experts in the field, this book aims to provide an up-to-date summary of research concerned with speech perception and production in profoundly hearing-impaired children and adults. Following introductory chapters provided by Professor Gunnar Fant of the Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics in Stockholm, and Professor Harry Levitt of the City University of New York, the main body of the book is divided into four sections covering tactile aids, cochlear implants, speech perception and speech production.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Foreword (Gunnar Fant). Preface (Geoff Plant and Karl-ERik Spens). 1. Sensory Aids for Deaf People: Past, Present and Future (Harry Levitt). PART I: TACTILE AIDS. 2. Tactile Aids: A Personal Perspective (James M. Pickett). 3. Tactiling and Tactile Aids: A User's Viewpoint (Gustaf Soderlund). 4. Tadoma: An Overview of Research (Charlotte M. Reed). 5. Design Fundamentals for Eletrotactile Devices. The Tickle Talker Case Study (Robert S.C. Cowan, Karyn L. Galvin, Peter J. Blamey and Julia Z. Sarant). 6. Education of Deaf Children with Tactual Aids: The Miami Experience (D. Kimbrough Oller, Kathleen Vergara and Rebecca E. Eilers). 7. Tactile Aid Usage in Young Deaf Children (Adele Proctor). 8. Toward Future Tactile Aids (Lynne E. Bernstein). PART II: COCHLEAR IMPLANTS. 9. Cochlear Implants: Historical Perspectives (Graeme M. Clark). 10. The Cochlear Implant: A Weapon to Destroy Deafness or a Support for Lipreading?: A Personal View (Anita Wallin). 11. Speech Perception and Production Skills in Children with Cochlear Implants (Mary Joe Osberger). 12. Speech Perception for Adults Using Cochlear Implants, (Richard C. Dowell). 13. Speech Production by Adults Using Cochlear Implants (David House). PART III: SPEECH PERCEPTION AND TESTING. 14. Speech Related to Pure Tone Audiograms (Gunnar Fant). 15. What Makes a Good Speech Test? (Harvey Dillon and Teresa Ching). 16. Speech Perception Tests and Heating-impaired Children (Arthur Boothroyd). 17. Speech Perception Tests for Use with Australian Children (Geoff Plant). 18. What Makes a Skilled Speechreader? (Jerker Ronnberg). 19. Evaluation of Speech Tracking Results: Some Numerical Considerations and Examples (Karl-Erik Spens). PART IV: SPEECH PRODUCTION. 20. Principles for a Complete Description of the Phonological System of Deaf Children as a Basis for Speech Training (Anne-Marie Oster). 21. The Use of Sensory Aids for Teaching Speech to Children who are Deaf (James Mahshie). 22. Speech Pattern Elements in Assessment, Training and Prosthetic Provision (Adrian Fourcin and Evelyn Abberton). 23. Speakers and Hearers are People: Reflections on Speech Deterioration as a Consequence of Acquired Deafness (Roddy Cowie and Ellen Douglas-Cowie). 24. Speech Visualization System as a Basis for Speech Training and Communication Aids (Akira Wartanabe). PART V: COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING. 25. A Multi-media Program for Exercising the Basics in Lipreading, Cued Speech and Sign Language Vocabulary (Birgit Cook). 26. Computer-assisted Interactive Video Methods for Speechreading Instruction: A Review (Donald G. Sims and Linda Gottermeier). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is a book comprising 28 small chapters focusing on medical scientists and their discoveries. The title states past truth because these are truly historical and memorable events to be noted by anyone with an interest in medicine, but also present poetry which looks at how these discoveries have impacted on us through the times. The chapters are wide-ranging, but many are from the field of cardiology. Examples of these scientists include Hans Spemann who contributed to the work on stem cells; John Gibbon and cardiopulmonary bypass; Christian Doppler and his theory; Albrecht Fleckenstein and advances in cardiac therapy; Alfred Nobel and the Nobel Prize. This book will be of interest to anyone in medicine who has an interest in the history of outstanding medical discoveries and the individuals behind them.Table of ContentsCardiopulmonary Bypass and John Gibbon; Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Treatment of Hypertension; Music and Medicine; Cardiac Metabolism: the Beginnings; Molecular Biology: the Beginnings; History of the Society for Molecular and Cellular Cardiology; Isotopes in Cardiology; Gene Therapy in Cardiology; The Neurological Perception of Music; The Dawn of Cardiology; The Fate of Pioneers; Simon Flexner, the Ideal Administrator; Doppler and his Principle; Amateurs in Science, Charles A, Lindbergh; Albrecht Fleckenstein; Heroic Errors in Science and Max Delbruck; Dr Patterson and His Missing Gene; Vital Decisions -- Committee or Individuals?; Science as Business; From Molecular Biology to the Bedside; An Odyssey in Science and Medicine; The Nobel Prize and its History; The Endless River; Paul Ehrlich and his Magic Bullets; Science in the Public Domain; Hans Spemann and Stem Cell Research; Kohler, Milstein and Monoclonal Antibodies; From the Bench to Television: the Development of Statins; Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisHow do we know whether a particular treatment really works? How reliable is the evidence? And how do we ensure that research into medical treatments best meets the needs of patients? These are just a few of the questions addressed in a lively and informative way in Testing Treatments. Brimming with vivid examples, Testing Treatments will inspire both patients and professionals. Building on the success of the first edition, Testing Treatments has now been extensively revised and updated. The Second Edition includes a thought-provoking chapter on screening, explaining why early diagnosis is not always better. Other new chapters explore how over-regulation of research can work against the best interests of patients, and how robust evidence from research can be drawn together to shape the practice of healthcare in ways that allow treatment decisions to be reached jointly by patients and clinicians. Testing Treatments urges everyone to get involved in improving current research and future treatment, and outlines practical steps that patients and doctors can take together.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces readers to the scientific basics of cardiovascular medicine and biology. It covers not only developmental but also cellular and molecular aspects of normally functioning vasculature and the heart; importantly, it also addresses the mechanisms leading to and involved in specific cardiovascular diseases. Though the main emphasis is on novel therapies and potential therapeutic targets, specific controversial topics like cardiac remodeling and regenerative capacities are also addressed. All chapters were written by lecturers from the Imperial College London, in collaboration with their students from the College’s BSc Programme in Medical Sciences with Cardiovascular Science. Bridging the gap between clinics and basic biology, the book offers a valuable guide for medical students, and for Master and PhD students in Cardiovascular Biomedicine.Table of Contents- Cardiac Development and Congenital Heart Disease:Cardiac Development Biology – Early Mechanisms Cardiac Development Biology – Late Mechanisms Cardiomyocyte Structure and Function Cardiac Morphology – Anatomy of Congenital Heart Disease Common Congenital Abnormalities - The Science of Arrhythmia: Introduction to the Action Potential Ion transporters and their Properties Excitation Contraction Coupling Tachyarrhythmias Bradyarrhythmias - The Science of Heart Failure: Cardiac Contractility – Normal and Pathological Heart Failure – A Scientific Perspective Cardiomyopathy Therapeutics Novel Therapies - The Science of Vascular Disease: The Vasculature – Pharmacological Targets The Coagulation Cascade and its Therapeutic Modulation Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis Endothelial Function and Dysfunction

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Book SynopsisThe fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between our diet and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannahs of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life and our life-long “chat” with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms.The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. The content of this book is based on the lecture course “Nutrigenomics”, which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book represents an updated but simplified version of our textbook “Nutrigenomics” (ISBN 978-3-319-30413-7). Besides its value as a textbook, “Nutrigenomics: how science works” will be a useful reference for individuals working in biomedicineTable of Contents1 Nutrition and common diseases 1.1 Evolution of human nutrition 1.2 Principles of metabolism 1.3 Dietary molecules 1.4 Nutrition and metabolic diseases 1.5 Nutrition and cancer 1.6 Impact of physical activity2 Human genomic variation 2.1 Migration and evolutionary challenges of Homo sapiens 2.2 Diversity of human populations 2.3 Genetic variants of the human genome 2.4 Haplotype blocks and GWAS 2.5 The 1000 Genomes Project3 Sensing nutrition 3.1 Nutrient-sensing mechanisms 3.2 Nuclear receptors as nutrient sensors 3.3 Functions and actions of PPARs 3.4 Integration of lipid metabolism by LXRs and FXR 3.5 Coordination of the immune response by VDR 3.6 Circadian control of metabolic processes4 Interference of the human genome with nutrients 4.1 Human genetic adaptions 4.2 Genetic adaption to dietary changes 4.3 Regulatory SNPs and quantitative traits 4.4 Nutrigenomic analysis 4.5 Personal omics profiles5 Nutritional epigenetics 5.1 Epigenetic mechanisms 5.2 Intermediary metabolism and epigenetic signaling 5.3 Nutrition-triggered transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 5.4 Population epigenetics6 Nutritional signaling and aging 6.1 Aging and conserved nutrient-sensing pathways 6.2 Neuroendocrine regulation of aging 6.3 Principles of insulin signaling 6.4 Central role of FOXO transcription factors 6.5 Caloric restriction from yeast to mammals 6.6 Cellular energy status sensing by sirtuins and AMPK7 Chronic inflammation and metabolic stress 7.1 Central role of monocytes and macrophages 7.2 Acute and chronic inflammation 7.3 Reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation 7.4 Sensing metabolic stress via the ER8 Obesity 8.1 Definition of obesity 8.2 Adipogenesis 8.3 Inflammation in adipose tissue 8.4 Energy homeostasis and hormonal regulation of food uptake 8.5 Genetics of obesity9 Insulin resistance and diabetes 9.1 Glucose homeostasis 9.2 Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver 9.3 β cell failure 9.4 Definition of diabetes 9.5 Disturbed glucose homeostasis in T2D and its treatment 9.6 Genetics and epigenetics of T2D10 Heart disease and the metabolic syndrome 10.1 Hypertension 10.2 Mechanisms of atherosclerosis 10.3 Lipoproteins and dyslipidemias 10.4 Whole body’s perspective of the metabolic syndrome 10.5 Metabolic syndrome in key metabolic organs 10.6 Genetics and epigenetics of the metabolic syndrome

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Book SynopsisThis volume of the series Springer Briefs in Space Life Sciences explains the physics and biology of radiation in space, defines various forms of cosmic radiation and their dosimetry, and presents a range of exposure scenarios. It also discusses the effects of radiation on human health and describes the molecular mechanisms of heavy charged particles’ deleterious effects in the body. Lastly, it discusses countermeasures and addresses the vital question: Are we ready for launch? Written for researchers in the space life sciences and space biomedicine, and for master’s students in biology, physics, and medicine, the book will also benefit all non-experts endeavouring to understand and enter space.Table of Contents General Introduction: Small Particles, Large Effects (Berger, Baumstark, Hellweg, Matthiä) Radiation in Space – The Physics The Radiation Field in Space (Matthiä, Berger) i. Galactic cosmic rays ii. Solar radiation iii. Trapped radiation iv. Dose quantities The History of Space Radiation Dosimetry (Berger) i. From Mercury to MIR ii. Human Phantom Experiments Exposure Scenarios: Measuring and Modeling of Space Radiation (Berger, Matthiä) i. LEO ii. Interplanetary Space iii. Moon iv. Mars Radiation in Space – The Biology Acute Radiation Effects (Baumstark, Hellweg) Chronic and Late Radiation Effects (Baumstark, Hellweg) Radiation Risk Assessment (Baumstark, Hellweg) Molecular Mechanisms of Heavy Charged Particles Effects (Baumstark, Hellweg) Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Countermeasures (Baumstark, Hellweg) Challenges for Exploratory Missions (Berger, Baumstark, Hellweg, Matthiä) Dosimetry and Shielding: Are we Ready for Launch? Open Questions in Risk Assessment: Can we Tame the Radiation Risk? Countermeasures: Do we Know Enough?

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Book SynopsisThis open access book is the first published guide about how to analyse data produced by the EQ-5D, one of the most widely used Patient Reported Outcomes questionnaires world wide. The authors provide practical, clear and comprehensive guidance in five concise chapters. Following an overview of the EQ-5D and its analysis, we describe how the questionnaire data – the EQ-5D profile and EQ VAS – can be analysed in different ways to generate important insights into peoples’ health. We then show how the value sets which accompany the EQ-5D can be applied to summarise patients’ data. The final chapter deals with advanced topics, including the use of Minimally Important Differences, case-mix adjustment, mapping, and more. This book is essential for those new to analyzing EQ-5D data and will be also be valuable for those with more experience. The methods can be applied to any EQ-5D instrument (for example, the three- and five-level and Youth versions) and many of the methods described will be equally relevant to other Patient Reported Outcomes instruments. Table of ContentsForeword Preface Chapter 1 An introduction to EQ-5D instruments and their applications 1.1 Measuring health using the EQ-5D 1.2 What does the EQ-5D measure? 1.2.1 The EQ-5D self-reported health state (EQ-5D profile) 1.2.2 EQ VAS 1.2.3 EQ-5D values 1.2.4 What aspect of the information provided by the EQ-5D should be the primary focus on my analysis? 1.3 EQ-5D data collection and data handling 1.4 Before starting your analysis 1.4.1Treatment of missing data – what to do, what not to do 1.4.2 Planning your analysis 1.5 Guide to the rest of this book References Chapter 2 Analysis of EQ-5D profile data 2.1 Cross-sectional analysis: describing health at a point in time by dimension and level 2.2 Longitudinal analysis: describing changes in health between two time points by dimension and level 2.3 Cross sectional analysis: describing health at a point in time using profiles 2.4 Longitudinal analysis: describing changes in health between two points in time using profiles 2.4.1 The Paretian Classification of Health Change (PCHC) 2.4.2 The probability of superiority 2.4.3 Health Profile Grid (HPG) 2.5 Summarising the severity of EQ-5D profiles 2.5.1 The level sum score (LSS) 2.5.2 The level frequency score (LFS) 2.6 Analysing the informativity of EQ-5D profile data 2.6.1 Shannon Indices 2.6.2 Health State Density Curve (HSDC) 2.6.3 Health State Density Index (HSDI) and other related indices References Chapter 3 Analysis of EQ VAS data 3.1 Interpreting the EQ VAS 3.2 Simple descriptive statistics and inference 3.3 Modelling determinants of EQ VAS scores References Chapter 4 Analysis of EQ-5D values 4.1 Value sets and their properties 4.2 Positive and normative considerations in choice of value set 4.3 Simple descriptive statistics and inference 4.4 Examining the distribution of EQ-5D values 4.5 Variance and heteroskedasticity 4.6 exploring clusters in EQ-5D value distributions 4.7 Regression analysis 4.8 Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis References Chapter 5 Advanced topics 5.1 Analysing changes and differences in EQ-5D values and EQ VAS scores 5.1.1 Defining the outcomes of an intervention study as a change 5.1.2 Minimal Important Differences (MIDs) · Using EQ-5D MIDs · MID estimation methods 5.1.3 Case-mix and risk adjustment of EQ-5D data 5.2 Mapping References Glossary of terms

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Book SynopsisThis textbook aims to describe the fascinating area of eukaryotic gene regulation for graduate students in all areas of the biomedical sciences. Gene expression is essential in shaping the various phenotypes of cells and tissues and as such, regulation of gene expression is a fundamental aspect of nearly all processes in physiology, both in healthy and in diseased states. Th is pivotal role for the regulation of gene expression makes this textbook essential reading for students of all the biomedical sciences, in order to be better prepared for their specialized disciplines. A complete understanding of transcription factors and the processes that alter their activity is a major goal of modern life science research. The availability of the whole human genome sequence (and that of other eukaryotic genomes) and the consequent development of next-generation sequencing technologies have significantly changed nearly all areas of the biological sciences. For example, the genome-wide location of histone modifications and transcription factor binding sites, such as provided by the ENCODE consortium, has greatly improved our understanding of gene regulation. Therefore, the focus of this book is the description of the post-genome understanding of gene regulation.Table of Contents1 Genes and chromatin1.1 Central dogma of molecular biology1.2 Impact of chromatin structure1.3 Epigenetics enables gene expression1.4 Gene regulation in the context of nuclear architecture2 Basal transcriptional machinery2.1 Core promoter2.2 TATA box and other core promoter elements2.3 Genome-wide core promoter identification2.4 TFIID and Mediator as paradigms of multi-protein complexes3 Transcription factors and signal transduction3.1 Site-specific transcription factors and their domains3.2 Classification of transcription factors3.3. Activation of transcription factors3.4 Programing cellular differentiation by transcription factors3.5 Inflammatory signaling via NF-B3.6 Sensing cellular stress via p534 A key transcription factor family: Nuclear receptors4.1 The nuclear receptor superfamily4.2 Molecular interactions of nuclear receptors4.3 Physiological role of nuclear receptors5 Genome-wide principles of gene regulation5.1 Next-generation sequencing5.2 Gene regulation in the context of Big Biology5.3 Exploring genome-wide transcription factor binding5.4 Integrating epigenome-wide datasets6 Chromatin modifiers6.1 Cytosines and their methylation6.2 Histone modifications6.3 Gene regulation via chromatin modifiers6.4 Sensing energy metabolism via chromatin modifiers7 Epigenetics7.1 Epigenetics and chromatin7.2 Genome-wide understanding of epigenetics7.3 CTCF and genetic imprinting7.4 Epigenetics in health and disease8 Chromatin remodeling and organization8.1 Nucleosome positioning at promoters8.2 Chromatin remodeling8.3 Transcriptional dynamics in the presence of chromatin8.4 Organization of the nucleus9 Regulatory impact of non-coding RNA9.1 Non-coding RNAs9.2 miRNAs and their regulatory potential9.3 Long ncRNAs9.4 Enhancer RNAs

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses unique ion channels and transporters that are located within epithelial tissues of various organs including the kidney, intestine, pancreas and respiratory tract. The authors will show, that each of these channels and transporters play crucial roles in transepithelial ion and fluid transport across epithelia and their responsibility in maintaining homeostasis. The reader gains an understanding of the fundamentals of epithelial ion transport, in terms of function, modelling, regulation, trafficking, structure and pharmacology. This is the third of three volumes highlighting the importance of epithelial ion channels and transporters in basic physiology and pathophysiology of human diseases. The focus of this volume lies with different ion channel and transporter families. Additionally, this volume benefits from pharmaceutical contributors and their insights into recent pre-clinical drug discovery efforts and results from clinical trials. Overall, these chapters offer a more thorough coverage of individual epithelial ion channels and transporters from the 1st Edition, along with eleven new chapters. That makes Volume 3 an insightful contribution for physiology students, scientists and clinicians.Table of Contents1. Na+/K+-ATPase Drives Most Asymmetric Transports and Modulates the Phenotype of Epithelial Cells.- 2. Na+-K+-2Cl- Cotransporter.- 3. Thiazide-sensitive NaCl Cotransporter.- 4. NBCe1, an Electrogenic Na+ Bicarbonate Cotransporter, in Epithelia.- 5. Na+/H+ Exchangers in Epithelia.- 6. Sugar Transport Across Epithelia.- 7. Amino Acid Transporters of Epithelia.- 8. Structure-Dynamic and Regulatory Specificities of Epithelial Na+/Ca2+ Exchangers (NCX).- 9. Urea Transporters in Health and Disease.- 10. H,K-ATPases in Epithelia.- 11. Zinc Transporters Involved in Vectorial Zinc Transport in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.- 12. Properties, Structure and Function of the Solute Carrier 26 Family of Anion Transporters.- 13. ClC-2 Chloride Channels.- 14. The Role of the Endosomal Chloride/Proton Antiporter ClC-5 in Proximal Tubule Endocytosis and Kidney Physiology.- 15. CFTR and Cystic Fibrosis: A Need for Personalized Medicine.- 16. Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator.- 17. TMEM16 Proteins (Anoctamins) in Epithelia.- 18. Epithelial Sodium Channels (ENaC).- 19. ROMK and Bartter Syndrome Type 2.- 20. Inwardly-rectifying K+ channel 4.1 regulates renal K+ excretion in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron.- 21. Small-molecule Pharmacology of Epithelial Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels.- 22. KCa3.1 in Epithelia.- 23. BK Channels in Epithelia.- 24. Recent Developments in the Pharmacology of Epithelial Ca2+-Activated K+ channels.- 25. KCNE regulation of KCNQ channels.- 26. Orai Channels.- 27. Trp Channels in Renal Epithelia.- 28. P2X receptors in Epithelia.- 29. The Polycystins and Polycystic Kidney Disease.- 30. Renal Aquaporins in Health and Disease.

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Book SynopsisThis edited book explores the use of technology to enable us to visualise the life sciences in a more meaningful and engaging way. It will enable those interested in visualisation techniques to gain a better understanding of the applications that can be used in visualisation, imaging and analysis, education, engagement and training. The reader will also be able to learn about the use of visualisation techniques and technologies for the historical and forensic settings.The reader will be able to explore the utilisation of technologies from a number of fields to enable an engaging and meaningful visual representation of the biomedical sciences.In this volume, there are chapters which examine forensic and historical visualisation techniques and digital reconstruction, ultrasound, virtual learning resources and patient utilised software and hardware. The use of HoloLens as a disruptive technology is discussed as well as historical items as a feature in a modern medical curriculum. It concludes with a fascinating chapter on pulse extraction from facial videos. All in all, this volume has something for everyone whether that is faculty, students, clinicians and forensic practitioners, patients, or simply having an interest in one or more of these areas.Table of ContentsPlease see attachment

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Book SynopsisThis textbook provides step-by-step protocols and detailed explanations for RNA Sequencing, ChIP-Sequencing and Epigenetic Sequencing applications. The reader learns how to perform Next Generation Sequencing data analysis, how to interpret and visualize the data, and acquires knowledge on the statistical background of the used software tools. Written for biomedical scientists and medical students, this textbook enables the end user to perform and comprehend various Next Generation Sequencing applications and their analytics without prior understanding in bioinformatics or computer sciences.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisPar-4 is a tumor suppressor protein first discovered and identified in 1993 by Dr. Vivek Rangnekar’s laboratory in prostate cancer cells undergoing apoptosis. Par-4 (later also known as PAWR) is a naturally occurring tumor suppressor. Studies have indicated that Par-4 selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells while leaving normal, healthy, cells unaffected. Mechanisms contributing to the cancer-selective action of Par-4 have been associated with protein kinase A activation of intracellular Par-4 in cancer cells or GRP78 expression primarily on the surface of cancer cells. Par-4 is downregulated, inactivated or mutated in diverse cancers. This first of two volumes will be the first on the market on the topic of Par-4, and will provide the opportunity for researchers to discuss the future direction of studies, broaden the scope of research, and contribute a more complete understanding of the molecule’s structural features, key functional domains, regulation and relevant basic and clinical/translational facets.Table of ContentsIntroductionChapter 1. Discovery and Overview of Par-4Chapter 2. Significance of Par-4 Interaction with aPKCChapter 3. Structural Analysis of the C-terminal domain of Par-4Chapter 4. Crystallization and crystallographic analysis of the C-terminal domain of Par-4 (PAWR)Chapter 5. Role of ubiquitinase FBX045 in Par-4 regulationChapter 6. Regulation of Par-4 by type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase βChapter 7. Role of Par-4 in regulation of cell death by circumin and ceramideChapter 8. Par-4 in dissociation induced cell death in human pluripotent stem cellsChapter 9. Role of Par-4 in EMTChapter 10. Bacillus thuringiensis Induced Par-4 and Apoptosis in Human CellsChapter 11. Role of Par-4 in ZebrafishChapter 12. Role of Par-4 in GRP78 translocationChapter 13. Interaction of THAP1 with Par-4 in PML bodiesChapter 14. Regulation of DAPK and AMIDA by Par-4Chapter 15. Regulation of Par-4 by CK2 kinase

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Book SynopsisThis last volume of the SpringerBriefs in Space Life Sciences series is setup in 5 main parts. The 1st part shortly summarizes the history of life science research in space from the late 40s until today with focus on Europe and Germany, followed by a part on describing flight opportunities including the Space Shuttle/Spacelab system and the International Space Station ISS; in the 3rd part it focuses on extraordinary success stories of this constantly challenging research program and highlights some important key findings in space life science research. The book introduces in the 4th part innovative developments in non-invasive biomedical diagnostics and training methods for astronauts that emerge from this program and are of benefit for people on Earth especially in the aging society. Last but not least in its 5th part it closes with an outlook on the future of space life sciences in the upcoming era of space exploration. The book is intended for students and research scientists in the life sciences and biomedicine as well as for interested lay persons, who wish to get an overview of space life science research: its´ early days, current status and future directions.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction: Space Life Sciences – Basic Research and Applications under Extraordinary Conditions.- Chapter 2. A Long Way for Europe and Germany: From Apollo 16 to the International Space Station ISS.- Chapter 3. Success Stories: Incremental Progress and Scientific Breakthroughs in Life Science Research.- Chapter 4. Success Stories: Innovative Developments for Biomedical Diagnostics and Preventative Health Care.- Chapter 5. Space Life Sciences in the Exploration Era: An Outlook on Future Challenges and Opportunities.-

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Book SynopsisThis contributed volume, “Multifaceted Protocols in Biotechnology, Volume 2”, consists of multidisciplinary methods and techniques commonly used in biotechnology studies. There are two sections covered in this book – Ionic Liquid Related Techniques & Evergreen Biotechnology Techniques. A brief introduction supports each protocol to allow easy learning and implementation. The first section consists of three chapters covering studies in modern biotechnology focusing on the role of ionic liquid techniques in extracting secondary metabolites, enzyme stabilization and biomass processing. The second section covers evergreen methodologies. It comprises five chapters covering topics on microcarrier technology for cell culture; Polymerase Chain Reaction for non-halal sources detection in food; ELISA for biomarker identification; gamma ray-induced mutagenesis for enhancing microbial fuel cells; and the effect of temperature on antibacterial activity of Carica papaya seed extract. This book will be useful to graduate students, researchers, academics, and industry practitioners working in the area of biotechnologyTable of ContentsChapter 1Graviola Fruit Extraction by Ionic Liquid Microwave-assisted Extraction (IL-MAE) Daddiouaissa Djabir, and Azura AmidChapter 2Role of Ionic Liquids in the Enzyme Stabilization: A Case Study with Trichoderma ressie Cellulase Amal A. M. Elgharbawy, Md Zahangir Alam, and Muhammad MoniruzzamanChapter 3Role of Ionic Liquids in the Processing of Lignocellulosic BiomassAmal A. M. Elgharbawy, Md Zahangir Alam, Sharifah Shahira Syed Putra and Muhammad MoniruzzamanChapter 4Proliferation of rat amniotic stem cell (AFSC) on modified surface microcarrier.Nurhusna Samsudin, Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun Hashim, Hamzah Mohd Salleh, and Azmir Ariffin.Chapter 5Application of spectroscopic methods for the analysis of non-halal meats in food products: A narrative reviewAbdul Rohman, Nurrulhidayah Ahmad FadzillahChapter 6Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Porcine GelatinNur Azira Tukiran, Amin Ismail, Haizatul Hadirah Ghazali & Nurul Azarima Mohd AliChapter 7Gamma Ray Mutagenesis on Bacteria Isolated from Shrimp Farm Mud for Microbial Fuel Cell Enhancement and Degradation of Organic WasteAyoub Ahmed Ali, and Azura Amid, Azhar MuhammadChapter 8Effect of temperature on antibacterial activity and fatty acid methyl esters of Carica papaya seed extractMuhamad Shirwan Abdullah Sani, Jamilah Bakar, Russly Abdul Rahman and Faridah AbasChapter 9Solid-state Fermentation of Agro-industrial Waste Using Heterofermentative Lacti Acid Bacteria. Oktaviani, Muhammad Yusuf Abduh, Dea Indriani Astuti, Mia RosmiatiChapter 10Synthesis of chitosan-folic acid nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for propolis compounds Marselina Irasonia Tan and Adelina Khristiani Rahayu

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Book SynopsisThis textbook describes the basic principles and mechanism of action of biosensor systems, and introduces readers to the various types of biosensors; from affinity biosensors to catalytic, optical and label-free biosensors, the most common systems are explained in detail. Dedicated advanced sections focus on biochips and genome sequencing methods as well as organs-on-a-chip. The textbook helps readers to understand the elementary components of biosensors, and to identify and illustrate each function in the biosensor information flow, from recognition to transduction and transmission. Furthermore, readers will receive guidance in critically analyzing published studies on biosensor research, helping them to develop appropriate concepts and independently propose their own solutions. The textbook is intended for master’s students in bioengineering, biophysics, biotechnology and pharmacology that need a solid grasp of biosensor system technologies and applications, as well as students in related medical technological fields.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisDespite the large U.S. investment in health science, and the vast and growing body of peer-reviewed research findings it has produced, a compelling body of evidence suggests that research too often has been slow, inefficient, and fallen short of desired impacts on health. A key question is how research might be changed to be more innovative, less wasteful, and more responsive to unmet health needs. One emerging response within clinical and translational science is to advance an approach that attempts to close the gap between research scientists and key stakeholders; the individuals and groups responsible for or affected by health-related decisions. Broadly engaged team science promises to support this aim by transforming the gold standard, multi-disciplinary team science, to include key stakeholders in activities across the research spectrum. These new roles and responsibilities range from generating research questions to implementing research projects, to aiding in the translation of discoveries from the laboratory to the community. A transition to broadly engaged team science reflects the idea that inclusivity and a diversity of perspectives are necessary to achieving progress in addressing complex health issues while representing a new benchmark for ethical research practice. This is one of the first collections of papers describing how clinical and translational science researchers are defining and implementing new research practices, and the successes and challenges involved. This book represents a first and critical step towards organizing knowledge of broadly engaged team science and advancing the development of evidence-based practices. Written in an accessible style, this book is intended to highlight the breadth of broadly engaged team science within one community, motivate researchers and stakeholders to build inclusive teams, bring rigor to often informal stakeholder engagement research practices and encourage people to think more broadly about the development of scientific knowledge. It includes examples of multi-disciplinary, broadly engaged team science projects, the perspectives of academic leaders about the changes needed to encourage scientists to conduct broadly engaged team science, and a resource directory.Table of Contents1. IntroductionAlice Rushforth and Harry SelkerPart I Transforming Research with Broad Engagement2. The Transformative Power of Broadly Engaged Team Science: A Mother’s Quest to Understand PXESharon Terry3. Broadly Engaged Team Science in Neonatal ResearchJonathan M. Davis4. Patient Advocates in Cancer Care: A Rich Tradition and Evolving RoleSusan K. Parsons5. National Kidney Foundation Patient Network Silvia Ferrè, Silvia Titan and Lesley A. Inker6. Broadly Engaged Team Science Comes to Life in a Design LabMarisha E. Palm, Harry Selker, Theodora Cohen, Kenneth Kaitin, Kay Larholt, Mark Trusheim and Gigi Hirsch7. Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development Employs Broadly Engaged Team Science to Explore the Challenges of Pharmaceutical Research and DevelopmentKenneth I. Kaitin and Kenneth GetzPart II. Integrating Communities and Stakeholders into Broadly Engaged Team Science8. Social Movements and Stakeholder Engagement Peter Levine9. A Basic Scientist’s Journey: Engaging Public Stakeholders Through Civic ScienceJonathan Garlick10. Lessons in Public Involvement from Across the PondMarisha E. Palm, Tina Coldham and David Evans11. Leveling the Playing Field for Community Stakeholders: Examining Practices to Improve Engagement and Address Power DynamicsSara Folta, Linda B. Hudson, Beverly Cohen and Apolo Cátala12. A Theory of Stakeholder-driven Community DiffusionErin Hennessy and Christina Economos13. Monitoring and Evaluation of Stakeholder Engagement in Health ResearchThomas W. Concannon and Marisha E. PalmPart III. Applying Broadly Engaged Team Science: Case Studies14. Insiders and Outsiders: A Case Study of Fostering Research Partnerships between Academic Health Centers and Corrections InstitutionsAlysse G. Wurcel, Julia Zubiago, Deirdre J. Burke, Karen M. Freund, Stephenie Lemon, Curt Beckwith, John B. Wong, Amy LeClair and Thomas W. Concannon15. Responding to the Community: HOPE (Healthy Outcomes from Positive Experiences)Robert Sege, Dina Burstein and Chloe Yang16. Students as Key Collaborators in Tackling Early Stage Research IdeasAlissa Dangel and Mallory Whalen17. Engaging Stakeholders to Decrease Study Start-up DelaysDenise H. Daudelin, Alyssa Cabrera, Alicea Riley and Jaime Chisholm18. Health Literacy and Broadly Engaged Team Science: How One Study Team Used Plain Language Principles to Share Findings with Affected CommunitiesSabrina Kurtz-Rossi, Doug Brugge and Sylvia Baedorf Kassis19. Utilizing Patient Navigators to Promote Equitable and Accountable ResearchMingqianLin, Douglas Hackenyos, Fengqing Wang, Nicole Savidge, Angela Wimmer, Antonia Maloney, Susan Mohebbi, Michele Guard and Susan K. Parsons20. Asian American Research in the Post-Atlanta Era: Driving Community-engaged Research That Is More Meaningful, Responsive, and Actionable for Local CommunitiesCarolyn Leung Rubin, Ben Hires, Dawn Sauma and Yoyo Yau21. Stakeholder Engagement in Predictive Model Development for Clinical Decision SupportDenise H. DaudelinPart IV. Creating an Institutional Environment of Support for Broadly Engaged Team Science22. Research Administration Practices for Proposal Development and Post-Award Management of Stakeholders and Community ParticipantsCarol Seidel23. Starting Off Right: Supporting Community Involvement in the Evaluation of Research ProposalsRobert Sege and Marguerite Fenwood24. Role of Broadly Engaged Team Science in the Inclusion of Minority Populations as Research Participants and in All Roles on Research TeamsPamela B. Davis and Harry P. Selker25. Rewarding Team Science in Tenure and Promotion Practices: An Operational Imperative for the Academic Research Enterprise of the 21st CenturyAugusta Rohrbach and Caroline Attardo GencoEpilogueDebra Lerner, Thomas W. Concannon and Marisha E. PalmResource Guide

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Book SynopsisPursuing a career in biomedical research can be daunting, considering the stiffer competition and uncertain career prospects in academia. This book summarizes career advice gathered during in-depth interviews with 106 biomedical scientists who lead their own laboratories. The participating principal investigators are from 44 research institutions in 11 countries. This book is unique in that it provides a glimpse into the mindset of principal investigators. Here, the reader will learn about common thought patterns and values, as well as the range of opinions and ways of thinking to be found among a large group of active principal investigators – without having to read more than a hundred individual autobiographies.The book will benefit all PhD students who want to learn more about their supervisor’s mindset in order to successfully complete their projects. It can help freshly graduated PhDs planning to pursue an academic career, and MDs contemplating a career in research, to decide whether they truly want to embark on this path. Lastly, it can offer young principal investigators a source of inspiration on how to succeed and achieve their goals.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Chapter 1. “Carving Your Own Path” – shaping your scientific identity Chapter 2. The Two Cornerstones of Academic Research: Writing Grant Applications and Publications Chapter 3. Setting up a Successful Research Group Chapter 4. Leading Your Research Group as a Principal Investigator Chapter 5. The Daily Work of Principal Investigators Chapter 6. Dealing with Failure and Stress in Academic Research Chapter 7. Thoughts of Principal Investigators about Work, Science, and Themselves Chapter 8. Under the Hood – Common Thinking Patterns of Principal Investigators Chapter 9. Epilogue Chapter 10. Methods References Recommended reading

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the fundamentals of biobanking and guides through the practical planning thereof, with a special focus on the situation in low- and middle-income countries. On the example of the setup of a Ukrainian biobank the book discusses the main steps and aspects of successful biorepository implementation and management. Topics covered include collection, storage and shipping of samples, establishment of an IT system, development of a sustainability plan, and project and risk management. Furthermore, the importance of the formation of international biobanking societies such as the Ukraine Association of Biobanks is highlighted, and their main objectives and tasks are discussed.The book addresses life science and business professionals as well as national authorities who are interested in biobanking in general and in setting up a biobank in particular. Table of Contents1. Introduction1.1. Literature Review1.1.1. Definition of biobanks1.1.2. Problems and the destitution for principle1.2 Scientific relevance of biobanks. Examples of biobanks1.2.1. Types of biobanks1.3. Ethical and legal principles1.4. Biobank management model and sustainability plan 1.4.1. SWOT analysis1.4.2. The mission1.5. Concepts specific for developing countries2. Methods2.1. Questionnaire: Survey development and content, participant selection2.2. Interviews: market analysis2.3. Team meetings: Development and implementation3. Results and summary of findings3.1. Step I: Ethics and law in the Ukraine Biobank3.1.1. Ethical regulations3.1.2. Access Policy3.2. Step II: Collection and Management of Samples3.2.1. Clarification of Conditions of Shipment of Samples3.2.2. Clinical Collection3.3. Step III: Risk Management and Biobanking3.4. Step IV: Quality Management and Quality Control. Quality Control Samples and SOP`s3.4.1. Quality Control Samples and SOP3.5. Step V: Governance and Stakeholder analysis3.6. Biobanking IT system3.6.1. Data base structure3.6.2. Web application3.7. Ukraine Biobank management model and sustainability plan3.7.1. Ukraine Biobank management model3.7.2. Sustainability plan and Project management3.8. Established Biobank in Ukraine Association3.9. Development and Progress of Ukraine’s Biobank Network3.10. The way to standardization3.11. Sample Access Policy3.12. Science and Innovation of Ukraine Association of Biobank4. Discussion5. Conclusion 6. List of figures7. References8. Internet Sources

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the fundamentals of biobanking and guides through the practical planning thereof, with a special focus on the situation in low- and middle-income countries. On the example of the setup of a Ukrainian biobank the book discusses the main steps and aspects of successful biorepository implementation and management. Topics covered include collection, storage and shipping of samples, establishment of an IT system, development of a sustainability plan, and project and risk management. Furthermore, the importance of the formation of international biobanking societies such as the Ukraine Association of Biobanks is highlighted, and their main objectives and tasks are discussed.The book addresses life science and business professionals as well as national authorities who are interested in biobanking in general and in setting up a biobank in particular. Table of Contents1. Introduction1.1. Literature Review1.1.1. Definition of biobanks1.1.2. Problems and the destitution for principle1.2 Scientific relevance of biobanks. Examples of biobanks1.2.1. Types of biobanks1.3. Ethical and legal principles1.4. Biobank management model and sustainability plan 1.4.1. SWOT analysis1.4.2. The mission1.5. Concepts specific for developing countries2. Methods2.1. Questionnaire: Survey development and content, participant selection2.2. Interviews: market analysis2.3. Team meetings: Development and implementation3. Results and summary of findings3.1. Step I: Ethics and law in the Ukraine Biobank3.1.1. Ethical regulations3.1.2. Access Policy3.2. Step II: Collection and Management of Samples3.2.1. Clarification of Conditions of Shipment of Samples3.2.2. Clinical Collection3.3. Step III: Risk Management and Biobanking3.4. Step IV: Quality Management and Quality Control. Quality Control Samples and SOP`s3.4.1. Quality Control Samples and SOP3.5. Step V: Governance and Stakeholder analysis3.6. Biobanking IT system3.6.1. Data base structure3.6.2. Web application3.7. Ukraine Biobank management model and sustainability plan3.7.1. Ukraine Biobank management model3.7.2. Sustainability plan and Project management3.8. Established Biobank in Ukraine Association3.9. Development and Progress of Ukraine’s Biobank Network3.10. The way to standardization3.11. Sample Access Policy3.12. Science and Innovation of Ukraine Association of Biobank4. Discussion5. Conclusion 6. List of figures7. References8. Internet Sources

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