Medical equipment, devices and techniques Books

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Structure and bonding 3. Metallic biomaterials 4. Bioceramics 5. Polymeric biomaterials 6. Hard tissues and orhopedic soft tissues 7. Composite biomaterials 8. Tissue-biomaterials interactions 9. Orthopedic and dental biomedical devices 10. Soft tissue replacement and repair 11. Materials and devices for sensors and detectors: biocatalysts, bio imaging, and devices with integrated biological functionality 12. Biodegradable materials for medical applications

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Book SynopsisTwo of the most important yet often overlooked aspects of a medical device are its usability and accessibility. This is important not only for health care providers, but also for older patients and users with disabilities or activity limitations. Medical Instrumentation: Accessibility and Usability Considerations focuses on how lack of usability and accessibility pose problems for designers and users of medical devices, and how to overcome these limitations. Divided into five broad sections, the book first addresses the nature and extent of the problem by identifying access barriers, human factors, and policy issues focused on the existing infrastructure. The subsequent sections examine responses to the problem, beginning with tools for usability and accessibility analysis and principles of design for medical instrumentation. Building on this foundation, the third section focuses on recommendations for design guidelines while the fourth section explores emerging trends andTable of ContentsBackground: The Problem, Existing Infrastructure, and Possible Solutions. Tools for Usability and Accessibility Analysis. Considerations in Design Guideline Development. Considerations in Emerging Trends and Technologies. Outputs of the Workshop: Key Knowledge Gaps, Barriers, Recommendations. Appendices. Glossary of Terms.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a current view of the research and commercial landscape of diagnostics devices, particularly those that utilize microscale technologies, intended for both patient and laboratory use. Common diagnostic devices that are based on microfluidic principles include glucose sensors for diabetic patients and over-the-counter pregnancy tests. Other diagnostic devices are being developed to quickly test a patient for bacterial and viral infections, and other diseases. The chapters, written by experts from around the world, discuss how to fabricate, apply, and market microfluidic diagnostic chips for lab and at-home use. Most importantly, the book also contains a discussion of topics relevant to the private sector, including patient-focused, market-oriented development of diagnostics devices.Chapter9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.Table of ContentsPrefaceSeries EditorEditorsContributorsSection I Microfluidic Devices for Diagnostics1. Handheld Microfluidics for Point-of-CareIn Vitro Diagnostics2. Body-Worn Microfluidic Sensors3. Fabrication and Applications of Paper-Based Microfluidics4. Printed Wax-Ink Valves for Multistep Assays in PaperAnalytical Devices5. Mycofluidics: Miniaturization of Mycotoxin Analysis6. Planar Differential Mobility Spectrometry forClinical Breath DiagnosticsSection II Applications in Disease Detection7. Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases UsingMicrofluidic Systems8. Microfluidics for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Advances,Scalability, and ChallengesSection III Practical Aspects of Developinga Commercial Diagnostic Device9. Starting with the End in Mind by Developing Diagnosticsaround User Needs10. Incorporating the Needs of Users into the Development ofDiagnostics for Global Health: A Framework and Two CaseStudiesIndex

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Book SynopsisMassage, aromatherapy, reflexology and a variety of relaxation techniques are frequently used in hospices, supportive care settings and some hospitals. However, there are still gaps and limitations in the choices offered to patients. HEARTS (Hands-on, Empathy, Aromas, Relaxation, Textures, Sound) was devised to bridge this gap for complementary therapists, patients, carers and health care professionals. HEARTS can be used either on its own, or integrated with a conventional complementary therapy. It can also be used easily by health care workers (and carers) who are not qualified in any therapies. By discussing principles which may influence the effectiveness of touch and relaxation therapies, the book emphasises that there are 'easy' approaches that can be utilised when working with distressed and vulnerable patients.By developing an understanding of touch, aromas and the sound of the human voice, Combining Touch and Relaxation Skills for Cancer Care guides practitioners in helping their patients achieve a state of relaxation and calm as quickly and easily as possible.Trade ReviewWith this book, Ann has created a wonderful fusion of knowledge and narrative. She offers the reader a clear rationale as to why she incorporated each aspect of HEARTS into her practice. She leads us on a journey, showing the evolution of this precious technique, illustrating with case studies at every stage. Fantastic! -- Jacqui Stringer, Clinical Lead for Tissue Viability and Complementary Health & Wellbeing, Christie NHS TrustIn this book, Ann Carter masterly explains and illustrates the entire HEARTS process for professional users from a theoretical to a practical point of view. As HEARTS undoubtedly is a multisensorial technique much needed in these challenging times for the supportive care within the healthcare system, this is a must-read informative book for nurses and therapists working in cancer settings and palliative care. Excellent! -- Jonathan Benavides, Clinical aromatherapist, director Essentia Nobilis, HEARTS teacher, educator, counsellorThis is a helpful book for anyone who is dealing with cancer patients or the chronically ill who would like to give them some gentle touch therapy to alleviate pain and to nurture the emotions and spirits of the receiver. In fact it would be very pleasant for anyone to receive or to give. I hope HEARTS will contribute to more merit being given to touch therapy in general. -- Rachel Nicolle FwSS * Shiatsu Health Point *

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Book SynopsisSimulations are an integral part of medical education today. Many universities have simulation centers, so-called skills labs, where students and medical personal can practice diagnostics and procedures on life-like mannequins. Others offer simulation courses in the different sub-disciplines. In the pre-clinical phase, simulations are used to illustrate basic principles in physiology, anatomy, genetics, and biochemistry. For example, simulations can show how the metabolism of enzymes changes in the presence of inhibitors, illustrating drug actions. This book covers all areas of simulations in medicine, starting from the molecular level via tissues and organs to the whole body. At the beginning of each chapter, a biological phenomenon is described, such as cell communication, gene translation, or the action of anti-carcinogenic drugs on tumors. In the following, simulations that illustrate these phenomena are discussed in detail, with the focus on how to use and interpret these simulations. The book is complemented by topics such as serious games and distance medicine. The book is based on a course for medical students organized in the editor's department. Every year, around 300 international undergraduate medical students take the course.

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Book SynopsisMärchenhaft und bildend zugleich: Das weltweit allererste Biotechnologie-Buch im lustigen lockeren Cartoon-Stil! Die Story: Eine Sternschnuppe fällt auf die Erde in das Königreich Makronesien. Als König Richard VIII. den Sternenstaub unter dem Super-Mikroskop untersucht, entdeckt er ein nanoskopisch kleines intelligentes Wesen in einem Mikro-Raumschiff ... Professor Nanoroo ist vom Planeten Nano zur Erde gekommen, um die menschliche Biotechnologie zu verstehen. Neugierig kommuniziert er mit den Menschen, fragt allen ein Loch in den Bauch. Nanoroo begegnet brotbackenden und bierbrauenden Hefen; krank- und gesundmachenden Bakterien; Pilzen, die Medikamente gegen Bakterien produzieren. Er erlebt viele Abenteuer, unter anderem rettet er des Königs Bruder vor dem Herzinfarkt, misst den Zuckerspiegel Richards und die Fitness von Rennpferden, sieht Pflanzen bei der Raupenabwehr und kostet vitaminreichen Goldenen Reis. Die wissenschaftlichen Hintergründe der Cartoons werden jeweils sachlich kurz in Boxen erklärt. Wenn Nanoroo am glücklichen Ende von der Erde abfliegt mit dem Versprechen wiederzukommen, haben junge und alte Cartoon-Fans bereits stillvergnügt und spielend die Grundlagen der Biotechnologie begriffen. Trade Review“... ein attraktives Ergänzungswerk für Schüler der Mittel- und Oberstufe. Das Lesen und Durchblättern macht aber auch Erwachsenen Spaß – ob mit oder ohne Biotechnologiekenntnisse.” (Ulrike Abel-Wanek, in: PZ Pharmazeutische Zeitung, Heft 29, 21. Juli 2016)“... Den kurzen Cartoons, mit Sachkenntnis angefertigt vom chinesischen Zeichner Ming-fai Chow, folgen jeweils einige Seiten mit tiefer gehenden Erklärungen und detaillierten Skizzen. Grundbegriffe der Biotechnologie wie Protein, DNS oder Molekül werden gut verständlich erklärt. ... Als Autor diverser Fachbücher und Kolumnen kennt er sich bestens mit der populärwissenschaftlichen Aufarbeitung komplexer Themen aus. Und das beweist er einmal mehr in seinem aktuellen Werk ...” (Sigrid März, in: Laborjournal online, laborjournal.de, 2. März 2016)

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces readers to the structure and characteristics of nanomaterials and their applications in dentistry. With currently available implant materials, the clinical failure rate varies from a few percent to over 10 percent and new materials are clearly needed. Nanomaterials offer the promise of higher strength, better bonding, less toxicity, and enhanced cytocompatibility, leading to increased tissue regeneration. Mieczyslaw Jurczyk, director of the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering at the Poznan University of Technology in Poland, has drawn from work in his laboratory and elsewhere in Poland to show that nanomaterials have important biological applications including in the stomatognathic system consisting of mouth, jaws, and associated structures. The book is written from a materials science and medical point of view and has 13 chapters and about 400 pages. The book can be divided approximately into three sections: the first five chapters introduce nanobiomaterials, the next five chapters describe their dental applications, and the last chapters describe their biocompatibility. Chapter 3 is a compendium on metallic biomaterials such as stainless steel, cobalt alloys, and titanium alloys; bioactive, bioresorbable polymers; and composites and ceramic biomaterials. The "top-down" approach to producing nanomaterials such as high-energy ballmilling and severe plastic deformation, as well as Feynman’s "bottom-up technique" of building atom by atom, are discussed in the next chapter. Subsequent chapters discuss each material in depth and point out how new architectures and properties emerge at the nanoscale.Chapter 8 is devoted to shape-memory materials, which now include not only NiTi but also polymers and magnetic materials. In order to improve bonding, nanomaterials can be used to synthesize implants with surface roughness similar to that of natural tissues. Chapter 9 is devoted to different surface treatments for Ti-based nanomaterials, such as anodic oxidation to improve the bioactivity of titanium and improve the corrosion resistance of porous titanium and its alloys. The use of carbon in various forms—nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes, and thin films—is discussed next with emphasis on the microstructure and properties of these materials, their implant applications, and their interaction with subcutaneous tissues. Nanomaterials can be used in preventive dentistry and therefore can reduce the amount of dental treatment that is necessary to maintain a healthy mouth as argued in chapter 11. In a subsequent chapter, the author explains osseointegration (direct bone-to-metal interface) from a biological point of view and early tissue response. The mechanism of the interaction between the implanted materials with the cellular protein in the tissues is described. The last chapter discusses the application of new nanostructured materials in permanent and bioresorbable implants, nanosurface dental implants, and nanostructured dental composite restorative materials. This book not only focuses on nanomaterials but also on nanoengineering to achieve the best results in dentistry. It is recommended to anyone interested in nanomaterials and their applications in dental science. People with a background in materials, chemistry, physics, and biology will benefit from it.Trade Review"This book is the latest achievement by the school created by Prof. Mieczyslaw Jurczyk in the fields of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It is a compendium of the existing knowledge of bionanomaterials and bionanotechnology used for dental applications. An excellent reference for university teachers and students of dentistry and materials science and engineering, it represents a novel approach to materials used in dentistry and, thus, their future."—Dr Michal Kulka - Poznan University of Technology, Poland"This book is a unique source of information on nanomaterials and nanotechnology, with a particular focus on bionanomaterials in dentistry. It is written by recognized scientists in the fields of both engineering and medical sciences. A substantial number of recent references make it valuable and inspiring for students and scientists in the field."—Prof. Marcin Leonowicz - Warsaw University of Technology, Poland"This book introduces readers to the structure and characteristics of nanomaterials and their applications in dentistry. Mieczyslaw Jurczyk, director of the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering at the Poznan University of Technology, Poland, has drawn from work in his laboratory and elsewhere in Poland to show that nanomaterials have important biological applications including in the stomatognathic system consisting of mouth, jaws, and associated structures. The book is written from a materials science and medical point of view. It focuses not only on nanomaterials but also on nanoengineering to achieve the best results in dentistry. It is recommended to anyone interested in nanomaterials and their applications in dental science. People with a background in materials, chemistry, physics, and biology will benefit from it."—MRS Bulletin"This book is the latest achievement by the school created by Prof. Mieczyslaw Jurczyk in the fields of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It is a compendium of the existing knowledge of bionanomaterials and bionanotechnology used for dental applications. An excellent reference for university teachers and students of dentistry and materials science and engineering, it represents a novel approach to materials used in dentistry and, thus, their future."—Dr Michal Kulka - Poznan University of Technology, Poland"This book is a unique source of information on nanomaterials and nanotechnology, with a particular focus on bionanomaterials in dentistry. It is written by recognized scientists in the fields of both engineering and medical sciences. A substantial number of recent references make it valuable and inspiring for students and scientists in the field."—Prof. Marcin Leonowicz - Warsaw University of Technology, Poland"This book introduces readers to the structure and characteristics of nanomaterials and their applications in dentistry. Mieczyslaw Jurczyk, director of the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering at the Poznan University of Technology, Poland, has drawn from work in his laboratory and elsewhere in Poland to show that nanomaterials have important biological applications including in the stomatognathic system consisting of mouth, jaws, and associated structures. The book is written from a materials science and medical point of view. It focuses not only on nanomaterials but also on nanoengineering to achieve the best results in dentistry. It is recommended to anyone interested in nanomaterials and their applications in dental science. People with a background in materials, chemistry, physics, and biology will benefit from it." —MRS BulletinTable of ContentsStomatognathic System. Biomaterials. Nanotechnology. Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials and Implants. Nanostructured Stainless Steels. Ti-Based Ceramic Nanocomposities. Shape Memory TiNi Materials. Surface Treatment of Ti-Based Nanomaterials. Carbon Materials. Nanomaterials in Preventive Dentistry. Osteoblast Behavior on Nanostructured Implant Materials. Application of Bulk Nanostructured Materials in Dentistry.

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Book SynopsisDesign, Execution, and Management of Medical Device Clinical Trials provides practical examples, ranging from the development of clinical protocol and the selection of clinical sites and ending with the completion of the final clinical report study.Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xxi 1 An Overview of Clinical Study Tasks and Activities 1 Key Clinical Study Tasks and Activities 2 Discussion of Key Tasks and Activities 3 Management of Key Clinical Tasks and Activities 9 Example of the Spread Sheet for Managing Clinical Study Activities 10 The Clinical Research Team 10 2 Development of Clinical Protocols, Case Report Forms, Clinical Standard Operating Procedures, Informed Consent Form, Study Regulatory Binder, Study Research Agreement, and Other Clinical Materials 15 Clinical Protocol 17 Case Report Forms (CRFs) 28 Example of the Case Report Form Template 32 Informed Consent Form (ICF) 35 Instructions for Use of Device 38 Study Regulatory Binder 39 Study Research Agreement 40 Research Agreement Template 43 Research Contract Challenges 50 Clinical Forms and Certificates 51 Clinical Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) 54 3 Qualification/Selection of Study Investigators and Study Monitoring Visits 63 Qualification and Selection of Investigators 64 Monitoring Visits 67 Monitoring Reports 73 Interim Monitoring Visit Report Template 75 4 Adverse Events Definitions and Reporting Procedures 81 Adverse Event Definitions 83 Policies, Regulations, and Guidelines Regarding Adverse Event Reporting 84 Adverse Event Reporting Pathway 84 Terms for Causality Assessment 85 GAPS/Challenges in Adverse Event Reporting 86 Adverse Event Reporting Time Periods (21 CFR 803) 88 Differences between the United States and Europe in Reporting Adverse Events 88 Serious Adverse Event Narratives 89 Classification of Adverse Events 90 Special Requirement for Reporting Certain Adverse Events 92 Case Example 92 Mandatory Device Reporting for FDA-Approved Devices 92 5 Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) and Biostatistics in Clinical Research 93 Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) 94 Selection of Study Endpoints 97 Biostatistics in Clinical Research 101 6 Final Clinical Study Report 113 Final Clinical Report’s Outline 114 Discussion of Sections in the Final Clinical Report 116 7 Medical Device Regulations Combination Product, Study Committees, and FDA-Sponsor Meetings 127 Medical Device Regulations 129 Combination Products 164 Study Committees 168 FDA-Sponsor Meetings 170 Registration of Clinical Trials 174 Implementation of the HIPAA Privacy Rule in Clinical Research 175 Institutional Review Boards (IRB) 180 FDA’s Oversight of Clinical Trials (Bioresearch Monitoring) 191 Code of Federal Regulations of Medical Devices 194 8 Design Issues in Medical Devices Studies 195 Design of the Clinical Trial 196 Assumptions and Parameters of Clinical Trial Design 196 Clinical Trials’ Design Issues and Data Analysis Issues 202 Use of Historic Controls as the Control Group in IDE Studies 206 Summary of Recommendations When Using Historic Controls 218 9 Investigator-Initiated Clinical Research 221 Definition and Examples of Investigator-Initiated Clinical Research 222 Development, Conduct, and Management of Investigator-Initiated Clinical Research 224 Regulation of Investigator-Initiated Clinical Research 225 Required Infrastructure for Investigator-Initiated Clinical Research 226 Clinical Research Sponsored by NIH 227 10 Ethical Conduct for Human Research 229 The Nuremberg Code (1947) 230 World Medical Association—Declaration of Helsinki (1964–Present) 231 National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1974) 231 The Belmont Report (1978) 232 Special Ethical Concerns in Clinical Research on Use of Placebo 232 Glossary of Clinical Trial and Statistical Terms 235 References 249 Index 255

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Book SynopsisClinical trials tasks and activities are widely diverse and require certain skill sets to both plan and execute. This book provides professionals in the field of clinical research with valuable information on the challenging issues of the design, execution, and management of clinical trials, and how to resolve these issues effectively. It discusses key obstacles such as challenges to patient recruitment, investigator and study site selection, and dealing with compliance issues. Through practical examples, professionals working with medical device clinical trials will discover the appropriate steps to take.Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1. Challenges to the Design of Clinical Study 1 Development of Clinical SOPs 3 Selection of Study Patients, Investigators, and Study Sites 3 Definition of Enrolled Subjects in a Clinical Study 7 Definition of the Investigational Device System 7 Research Contract Challenges 7 Review of Literature 9 Challenges to the Design of the Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP), and Selection of Study Endpoints 11 Masking or Blinding 12 Primary and Secondary Outcomes 14 Selection of Study Endpoints 14 Differences between the Primary Endpoint in FDA and CE Mark Studies 15 SAP and Study Endpoints 15 Components of the SAP for Clinical Trials 17 Roles and Responsibilities of the Clinical Personnel in Completing the Study Protocol 19 Changing the Primary Outcome during the Conduct of the Study 20 Definition of Primary and Secondary Endpoints 22 Combined “Composite” Endpoints 22 Surrogate Endpoints 23 Reducing the Study’s Sample Size 25 Statistical Terms to Define Endpoint Measurements 25 Reporting Results of Clinical Trials 28 Superiority and Equivalence Trials 30 Subgroup Analysis 33 Challenges to ICF 35 Risk/Benefit Analysis 41 2. Challenges to Managing the Study 43 Enhancing Patient Enrollment by Relaxation of Study Criteria 45 Compliance with the Study Protocol 46 Challenges Associated with Data Accuracy and Completeness 47 Data Analysis 49 Data Integrity 55 Criteria for Using Meta-Analysis Studies 56 Who Should have Access to Clinical Trial Records 57 Managing Study Data and Quality Assurance 58 Missing Data Analysis 59 Examination of Data across Study Sites 60 Challenges to Adverse Event Reporting 62 Adverse Event Coding Systems 66 Protocol Deviation Report 68 Adverse Event Reporting in Final Study Clinical Report 68 Difference between the US and EU Definitions and Reporting of Adverse Events 69 Adverse Event Reporting Challenges 69 Minimization of Bias in Clinical Trials 69 3. Selection of Historic Controls 71 Types of Control Group in Medical Device Clinical Trials 73 Purpose of Control Group 73 Use of Placebo Control 74 Advantages of Randomized Control Clinical Trials 74 Disadvantages of Randomized Control Clinical Trials 74 Commonly Used Pivotal Designs 75 Definition of Historic Control 77 Objective Performance Criteria (OPC) 78 Examples of Clinical Studies with Historic Controls 80 LACI Clinical Study 80 Left Ventricular Assist Devices 86 Summary of Clinical Studies 88 Summary of Recommendations for Historic Control 96 4. Fraud and Misconduct in Clinical Trials 99 Fraud and Misconduct in Clinical Trials 100 Warning Signs of Fraud 101 Tips for Detecting Serious Misconduct 102 False Claims Act 102 Fraud Prevention 103 Policy on Handling Complaints of Misconduct 103 Reporting Research Misconduct 104 Bioresearch Monitoring Information System (BMIS) 104 5. Challenges to the Regulation of Medical Device 107 Determination of 510(K) Devices 108 510(K) “Substantial Equivalence Decision Making Process” 111 Determination of Nonsignificant Risk Devices (NSR) 111 Similarities and Differences between Medical Device and Drug Regulations in Clinical Trials 112 Definitions of Drugs and Devices 113 Combination Products 126 FDA–Sponsor Meetings 129 BIMO Inspection 130 Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials 132 6. Challenges of Global Clinical Studies and the CE Mark Process 137 Global Trial Considerations 138 Global Harmonization Task Force Challenges 142 FDA Recommendations on Acceptance of Foreign Clinical Sites 143 Operational Tips on Conductance of Global Clinical Trials 143 CE Mark Process and Challenges 146 International Standard ISO 14155 148 Differences between FDA and CE Mark Clinical Trials 157 Challenges to CE Mark Studies 160 7. Challenging FDA PMA Cases 163 PMA P970029 (TMR 2000 Holmium Laser System) 164 PMA P040012 Carotid Stenting for Treating Carotid Disease 175 Historic Control Assumptions 175 Use of Angiographic Late Loss as Primary Endpoint in Drug-Eluting Stent PMA P070015 (Xience V DES) 186 8. Bioethics in Clinical Research 199 Bioethical Challenges in Clinical Studies 200 Good Clinical Practice for the Investigator 201 WHO Principles of GCP 202 Guidelines and Ethical Principles 204 IRB Review Process 206 Glossary of Clinical, CE Mark, and Statistical Terms 211 References 217 Index 221

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Book SynopsisAn examination of the various tests currently available for the assessment of infant respiratory function, which describes the performance, interpretation and possible refinement of each procedure. The text also reviews essential measurement conditions and equipment requirements.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Symbols, Abbreviations, and Units in Infant Pulmonary FunctionTesting (P. Quanjer, et al.). Measurement Conditions (C. Gaultier, et al.). Equipment Requirements for Infant Respiratory Testing (P. Sly &G. Davis). Measurement of Flow and Volume (J. Bates, et al.). Measurements During Tidal Breathing (S. Stick). Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography (J. Adams). Esophageal Manometry (Al. Coates, et al.). Passive Respiratory Mechanics (M. Fletcher, et al.). Measurements of Chest Wall Function (J. Allen & Y.Sivan). Forced Oscillation Technique (K. Desager, et al.). Forced Expiratory Maneuvers (P. Le Souef, et al.). Noninvasive Determination of Blood Gases (C. Poets & R.Martin). Clinical Epidemiology and Future Directions (J. Hanrahan, etal.). Index.

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Book SynopsisIntroduces the fundamental biological processes that influence these sophisticated, procedures. This text provides details about molecular-level events that happen at the tissue-implant interface and explores material, biological, and physiological consequences of these events. It emphasizes the importance of the body's wound-healing response.Trade Review"...well illustrated with a glossary, end-chapter summaries, and references...materials, scientists, medical device designers and manufacturers, corrosion researchers and practitioners, surgeons, and clinicians will profit from reading this book." (CORROSION, February 2006) "…a concise, topical, and not overly technical hardbound…the strengths of this book are its crisp information and condensed summaries. The jewels of this book are the diagrams and tables." (Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Issue 31:11) "...delivers precisely what the authors intended...excellent book...great introduction...nicely complements existing texts..." (Advanced Materials, Vol 16(4), 17 Feb 2004) "This text would be of great use for faculty teaching courses on tissue-biomaterial interactions." (IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, May/ June 2003) "...a pleasure to read...highly recommendable..." (Biomateria.com) "...excellent attention to detail…recommended for graduate students, faculty and researchers, and bioengineers and physicians." (Choice, Vol. 40, No. 6, February 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Biomaterials. Proteins. Protein-Surface Interactions. Blood-Biomaterial Interactions and Coagulation. Inflammation and Infection. The Immune System and Inflammation. Wound Healing. Biomaterial Surface and the Physiological Environment. Biocompatibility. Example 1: Opening Occluded Vessels: Vascular Grafts, Intimal Hyperplasia. Example 2: Replacing Joints and Teeth. Answers to Quiz Questions. Gloassry. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe new edition of this widely-used sourcebook details the startlingly array of diagnostic equipment available in the medical laboratory of the nineties, and also covers maintenance and quality assurance for each type of instrument. This book includes 17 completely rewritten chapters and 7 new ones, on nephelometry and turbidimetry, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, automated immunoassay systems, automated blood bank systems, and physician''s office laboratory instrumentation.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Principles of Electricity and Electronics (R. Earl). Analytical Balances (J. Thompson & M. Haven). Refractometry (R. Juel & M. Steinrauf). Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (M. Haven & M. Lohff). Fluorometry and Fluorescence Polarization (P. Studts, et al.). Electrochemical Methods of Analysis (E. Goshorn, et al.). Basic Principles of Chromatography (U. Otten). Gas Chromatography (D. Hage). Flow Cytomtery (M. Collins & S. Pirruccello). Automated Immunoassay Systems (L. Arnold & M. Fiore). Automated Coagulation Systems (J. Olson & B. Pennell). Automated Blood Banking Systems (J. Landmark). Answers to Questions and Problems. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis definitive source provides practicing professionals and students in the occupational, environmental, and public health and safety fields with the functional basics of biological monitoring. The author examines how environmental exposures to particular chemicals are related to concentrations of markers in body tissues and fluids. Biological Monitoring integrates the applied sciences of industrial/environmental hygiene, epidemiology, public health, occupational medicine, toxicology, biochemistry, and analytical chemistry with the basic sciences to interpret the connections between exposures and lifestyle/environmental influences, and their effects on humans. This comprehensive introduction provides dependable, detailed coverage of: * monitoring for harmful substances in the workplace * the benefits and limitations of testing for critical levels of toxic materials in bodily tissues and fluids * state-of-the-art developments in biological monitoring * a wide vaTable of ContentsPartial table of contents: BASIC MECHANISMS. Concepts in Chemistry. Concepts in Biochemistry. ROUTES OF EXPOSURE, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING MEDIA. Exposure Routes. Distribution of Xenobiotics After Absorption. MEDICAL/HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, MEDICAL SCREENING, AND MEDICAL MONITORING. Medical Surveillance. Medical Markers and Factors that Affect Them. ADDUCTS; IMMUNOLOGY; AIDS. Adducts: An Overview. DNA Adducts. Hemoglobin Binding as a Dose Monitor for Human Exposure to Carcinogens and Mutagens. Basic Immunology. AIDS Therapy: Functional Changes in Immune Regulating Proteins Caused by Preparation Techniques. Volatile Nitrites: A Valid Health Concern. SPECIAL TOPICS. Biological Exposure Indices. Biological Monitoring and Pesticides. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive survey of technological developments in Virtual Reality for use in a variety of medical procedures Medicine and the biological sciences have long relied on visualizations to illustrate the relationship between anatomic structure and biologic function. The new multidimensional imaging modalities are powerful counterparts to traditional forms of observation-surgery, postmortem examination, or extensive mental reconstruction. VR technologies have reached unimagined levels of sophistication and utility, giving physicians and students new avenues for planning and practicing surgery and diagnostics. The two volumes of Information Technologies in Medicine thoroughly explore the use of VR technology in three-dimensional visualization techniques, realistic surgical training prior to patient contact, and actual procedures in rehabilitation and treatment, including telemedicine and telesurgery. Editors Akay and Marsh have brought together all the availablTable of ContentsPREFACE. PART I: TREATMENT. 1. Neuro/Orthopedic Rehabilitation and Disability Solutions Using Virtual Reality Technology (Walter J. Greenleaf). 2. The Use of Virtual Reality Technology in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders (Brenda K. Wiederhold and Mark D. Wiederhold). 3. Virtual Reality for Health Care (L. Beolchi and G. Riva). 4. Robot-Assisted Microsurgery Development at JPL (Hari Das, Tim Ohm, Curtis Boswell, Rob Steele, and Guillermo Rodriguez). 5. Virtual Reality and the Vestibular System: A Brief Review (Erik Viirre, Zsolt Lorant, Mark Draper, and Thomas A. Furness, III). PART II: TELEMEDICINE AND TELESURGERY. 6. Computer Imagery and Multimedia Techniques for Supporting Telemedicine Diagnoses (Qinglian Guo, Katsunobu Muroi, and Mieko Ohsuga). 7. Implementing a Picture-Achieving and Communication System (PACS) and Teleradiology System: Practical Issues and Considerations (Jihong Wang). 8. From Engineering to Surgery: The Harsh Realities of Virtual Reality (Robert John Stone). 9. Maxillofacial Virtual Surgery from 3-D CT Images (Alessandro Sarti, Roberto Gori, Alberto Bianchi, Claudio Marchetti, and Claudio Lamberti). INDEX.

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Book SynopsisIn the past few years, the number of applications of tracers for in vivo biomedical studies has greatly increased. New analytical tools at the genetic and protein levels have spurred this growth, opening the door for a deeper understanding of metabolic events. This in turn promises to yield significant advances in the understanding and treatment of human disease. Now fully revised and expanded, Isotope Tracers in Metabolic Research, Second Edition is the established definitive text on stable and radioactive isotope tracers. In unique, multidisciplinary fashion, it presents comprehensive coverage of new methodological, mathematical, and theoretical approaches. This new Second Edition includes: All-new chapters on nuclear magnetic resonance, mass isotopomer analysis, and methods of protein metabolism analysis A completely updated categorized list of over 750 references Major advances in the development of mass isotopomer and positioTrade Review"...is supported by a wealth of illustrations, tables, and exemplary calculations that will aid in comprehension...[an] excellent and much needed textbook." (The Quarterly Review of Biology, March 2007) "...should be required for anyone who desires to know more about metabolic tracer kinetics." (Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, September 2005) "...an effective integration of theory and practical implementation...It effectively serves as a teaching textbook as well as a research item." (E-STREAMS, August 2005) Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1. Basic Characteristics of Isotopic Tracers. Chapter 2. Calculating Specific Activity and Radiation Dosages. Chapter 3. Calculation of Substance Kinetics: Single-Pool Model. Chapter 4. Calculation of Substrate Kinetics: Multiple-Pool Model. Chapter 5. Mass Spectrometry: Instrumentation. Chapter 6. Determination of Isotopic Enrichment. Chapter 7. Measurement of Substrate Oxidation. Chapter 8. Measurement of Total Energy Expenditure Using the Doubly Labeled Water Method. Chapter 9. Mass Isotopomer Distribution Analysis. Chapter 10. Glucose Metabolism. Chapter 11. Lipid Kinetics. Chapter 12. Whole Body Protein Synthesis and Breakdown. Chapter 13. Measurement of the Synthesis of Specific Proteins. Chapter 14. Measurement of Regional or Tissue Protein Breakdown. Chapter 15. Arterial-Venous Balance Technique to Measure Amino Acid Kinetics. Chapter 16. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Glossary. Abbreviations. Index.

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Book SynopsisTelemedicine is one of the fastest growing areas of medical information and services. This book traces its origins, defines its scope, and considers its benefits and limitations. Readers will also learn about the strategic, technical, and operational issues when considering the introduction of telemedicine services.Trade ReviewNorris provides an excellent summary of the telemedicine literature, and much pragmatic advice for those involved in health service implamentation and administration" (British Medical Journal, 4 May 2002) "...Informative and easy to read, it is packed with interesting information and facts. An essential read." (Nursing Times, 18 June 2002) "...The author of this excellent book...has reviewed the subject clearly and thoroughly..." (Family Practice, Vol.19, No.4, 2002) "...explains the main features…potential benefits, and...limitations and barriers." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002) "…if you need a detailed working knowledge of the field it will help…" (Primary Health Care, April 2003)Table of ContentsPreface Origins and Development Introduction Definitions of Telemedicine, Telehealth and Telecare Origins and Development of Telemedicine Drivers of Telemedicine and Telecare Telemedicine in Developed and Underdeveloped Countries The Future of Telemedicine Summary Scope, Benefits and Limitations of Telemedicine Introduction Types of Telemedicine Patients and Carers Benefits and Limitations of Telemedicine Barriers to Progress Summary Technology of Telemedicine Systems Introduction Information Types and Transmissions Teleconsultation System Components Telecommunications Options Integration and Operational Issues Summary Telemedicine Service Providers and Applications Introduction Mainstream Health Sector Services Commercial Services and Other Agencies Summary Development and Delivery of Telemedicine Services Introduction The Strategic Context of Service Development The Evaluation of Pilot Studies Developing and Delivering a Telemedicine Service Summary Ethical and Legal Aspects of Telemedicine Introduction Confidentiality, Patient Rights and Consent Data Protection and Security Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Internet Telemedical Malpractice Jurisdictional Issues Intellectual Property Rights Summary Telemedicine Books and Web Sites References Index

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Book SynopsisThe use of ultrasound is increasing rapidly throughout the world, and consequently a knowledge of the underlying scientific principles and instrument operation has become an essential part of medical ultrasound courses.Table of ContentsNature of Ultrasound. Propagation in Tissue. Beam Shapes and Transducers. A-Scan Instruments. Static B-Scan. Real-Time Scanners. M-Mode. Other Scanners and Probes. Measurement of Size. Doppler Ultrasound Physics and Instruments. Doppler Ultrasound Measurement. Digital Storage, Scan Converters and Data Processing. Image Artifacts. Performance Checks. Bioeffects, Dosimetry and Safety. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisAbout this book In recent years, a number of different spectroscopic techniques have been applied to the study of a wide range of biomedical topics.Table of ContentsWhole Cell Studies and Tissue Characterization by RamanSpectroscopy (G. Puppels & J. Greve). Optical Microspectroscopy and Imaging Analysis: Probing Drugs andMetal Ions in Living Cells (G. Sockalingum, et al.). Spectroscopic Studies of Drugs Used in Photodynamic Therapy (D.Phillips, et al.). Biomedical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy: Eye Lens Researchand Cardiovascular Diseases (N.-T. Yu, et al.). FTIR Spectroscopy in the Clinical Sciences (M. Jackson & H.Mantsch). EPR Spectroscopy of Biologically Relevant Free Radicals inCellular, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Systems (M. Davies & G.Timmins). Proton NMR Studies of Oxidative Stress in Disease (C. Spickett, etal.). Applications of High Resolution NMR Analysis to the Study ofInflammatory Diseases at the Molecular Level (M. Grootveld, etal.). Mass Spectroscopy in Structural Biology (R. Gallagher, etal.). Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a computer vision specialist, this title offers an account of volumetric image analysis techniques. It offers a practical approach to the field including the following topics: preprocessing of volumetric images; obtaining quantitative measurements in volumetric images; and, detection and modelling of objects in volumetric images.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgements xi 1 Introduction 1 Part I: 3D Binary Images 7 2 Basics 9 3 Features of 3D Components 43 4 Operations on 3D Binary Images 61 Part II: 3D Grey Level Images 103 5 Image Enhancement 105 6 Geometric Transformations of Voxel Images 117 7 Surface Segmentation 129 8 Region Segmentation 169 Part III: Modelling and Registration of Objects 177 9 Surface Tiling 181 10 Surface Reconstruction 193 11 Registration 203 Appendix 215 A Displaying Volumetric Images 215 References 225 Index 241

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Book SynopsisThe new edition of this established text has been thoroughly revised and updated. It is divided into six parts. The first two parts cover the X-ray tube and X-ray generators. Part three looks at general, multipurpose radiographic equipment. Part four considers fluroscopic equipment, and the remaining two parts provide accounts of more specialized radiographic equipment and computer-based imaging modalities.Table of ContentsPart 1 The X-Ray Tube - Chapter 1 The X-Ray Tube: X-ray production; Electrical and radiation safety; Focal spot size; The problem of heat; X-ray tube construction and operation; Care of the X-ray tube; Follow-up practical; Part 2 X-Ray Generators - Chapter 2 Control of the X-Ray Tube Kilovoltage: Introduction; Voltage transformation; The high tension primary circuit; The need for rectification; Shortcomings of a pulsating X-ray supply; High tension cables; Kilovoltage compensation; Measuring kilovoltage; Follow-up practical; Chapter 3 Control of X-Ray Tube Current: Introduction; The need for accuracy; Tube filament circuitry; Falling load generators; Tube current measurement and display; Follow-up practical; Chapter 4 Exposure Timing and Switching: Introduction; Exposure switching; Exposure timing; Follow-up practical; Part 3 General, Multipurpose Radiographic Equipment - Chapter 5 Control of Scattered X-Radiation: Introduction; The effects of scattered radiation; Methods of scatter control; Follow-up practical; Chapter 6 Radiographic Couches, Stands and Tube Supports: X-ray tube supports; Radiographic couches; Chest stands and vertical buckys; Modern basic radiographic units; Follow-up practical; Part 4 Fluoroscopic Equipment - Chapter 7 Fluoroscopic Equipment: Introduction; Types of fluoroscopic equipment; Conventional fluoroscopic couches; Mobile and specialized fluoroscopic units; The image intensifier; Television cameras; The television monitor; Image recording; Summary of intensified fluoroscopy; Follow-up clinical; Part 5 Specialised Radiographic Equipment - Chapter 8 Mobile Radiographic Equipment: Introduction; Electrical energy sources; Mains-dependent mobile equipment; Coventional generators; Capacitor discharge equipment; Battery-powered generators; X-ray tubes; Physical features; Follow-up practical; Chapter 9 Accident and Emergency X-Ray Equipment: Introduction; Basic trolley design; Isocentric skull unit with variable height table; Trolley-based system; Trauma resuscitation room; Ancillary equipment; Follow-up practical; Chapter 10 Equipment for Dental Radiography: Intra-oral equipment; Cephalostat (craniostat); Orthopantomography; Follow-up practical; Chapter 11 Mammographic Equipment: Introduction; Mammographic X-ray tubes; Compression; Exposure timing; Breast support plate; Patient reassurance; Follow-up practical; Chapter 12 Equipment for Conventional Tomography: Introduction; Principle; Main features of tomographic equipment; Types of tomographic equipment; Equipment tests; Follow-up practical; Part 6 Computer-Based Imaging Modalities - Chapter 13 Image Digitization: Introduction; The difference between analogue and digital; The benefits of diagnostic image digitization; Follow-up practical; Chapter 14 Computed Tomography: Introduction; The principle of CT; Equipment for CT; The X-ray generator; The table; The operating/display console; The computer; Image quality; Use of CT equipment - the operator's judgement; Follow-up practical; Chapter 15 Radionuclide Imaging: Introduction; Types of radioactivity; Choice of radionuclide; Radiation dosimetry; Technetium; 99m; Equipment; The gamma camera; Follow-up clinical; Chapter 16 Equipment for Ultrasound Imaging: Introduction; Basic functions of ultrasound imaging equipment; The nature of ultrasound and its propagation in human tissue; Interactions of ultrasound energy and tissue; Core modules of ultrasound equipment; Modes of ultrasound imaging; Probes, transducers and ultrasound beam shapes; B-mode, real time, grey scale ultrasound imaging systems; Doppler ultrasound; Safety in ultrasound; Care of ultrasound equipment; Conclusion; Bibliography; Chapter 17 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Introduction; NMR; The NMR signal; The MR image; MR scanners; Control of the imaging process; The MR system; Safety considerations; The NMR equation; Follow-up practical; Index

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Book SynopsisA guide to the methods used to provide respiratory support in the patient with respiratory failure. It outlines the evolution of different techniques, explains the physiological principles, and evaluates their role in clinical practice. It also includes information on the increasing use of non-invasive techniques.Table of ContentsPreface to first edition. Preface to second edition. Conversion factors, respiratory, and abbreviations used in text. 1.Development of techniques of respiratory support. 2.Physiological background to mechanical ventilation. 3.Mechanical basis of respiratory support. 4.Methods of providing respiratory support. 5.Barotrauma: techniques for reducing peak airway pressure. 6.Modern ventilator technology. 7.Respiratory failure: conservative treatment and indications for providing respiratory support. 8.Selection and care of artificial airways. 9.Care of the patient during respiratory support. 10.Modern ventilator technology. Appendix 1: Suppliers of respiratory support equipment. Index

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Book SynopsisThis invaluable guide to one of the fundamental monitoring techniques in anaesthesia has been updated throughout, and a new chapter has been added on high altitude and flying. Written by a leading recognised expert in the field, this is an authoritative yet clear and practical guide for all on the surgical ward and critical care unit.Trade ReviewFrom reviews of the first edition: ‘… an excellent review of an expanding subject… it should be found on the shelves of all medical libraries." – Journal of The British Association of Immediate Care "… will be invaluable in the operating theatres, intensive care and neonatal units." -- Hospital DoctorTable of ContentsAcknowledgements. Introduction. History of oxygen saturation monitoring. Optical principles. How pulse oximetry works. Calibration. Photoplethysmography. Physiology of oxygen transport. Pulse oximetry at high altitude. General clinical applications. Specific clinical applications. Emergency medicine. Anaesthesia. Postoperative recovery. Endoscopy. Dentistry and oral surgery. Sleep apnoea. Neonatal pulse oximetry. Limitations and morbidity. Dyshaemoglobins. Fetal pulse oximetry. Index.

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Book SynopsisUsing examples drawn from biomedicine and biomedical engineering, this essential reference book brings you comprehensive coverage of all the major techniques currently available to build computer-assisted decision support systems. You will find practical solutions for biomedicine based on current theory and applications of neural networks, artificial intelligence, and other methods for the development of decision aids, including hybrid systems. Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence for Biomedical Engineering offers students and scientists of biomedical engineering, biomedical informatics, and medical artificial intelligence a deeper understanding of the powerful techniques now in use with a wide range of biomedical applications. Highlighted topics include: Types of neural networks and neural network algorithms Knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition, and reasoning methodologies Chaotic analysis of biomedical time series Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Overview. NEURAL NETWORKS. Foundations of Neural Networks. Classes of Neural Networks. Classification Networks and Learning. Supervised Learning. Unsupervised Learning. Design Issues. Comparative Analysis. Validation and Evaluation. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. Foundation of Computer-Assisted Decision Making. Knowledge Representation. Knowledge Acquisition. Reasoning Methodologies. Validation and Evaluation. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES. Genetic Algorithms. Probabilistic Systems. Fuzzy Systems. Hybrid Systems. HyperMerge, a Hybird Expert System. Future Perspectives. Index. About the Authors.

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Book SynopsisOffers professional and executive-level insight into trends and potential technological advances in the field of medicine. This book covers topics ranging from: fundamental advances in computing and administration, research, nursing, and patient care delivery to non-invasive surgery, bio-molecular therapies, bionics, and more.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors v About the References and Notes ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Part 1 Trends in Technology Chapter 1 The Rate of Change 3 Chapter 2 Fundamental Trends in Technology 17 Chapter 3 Trends in Administration and Control 43 Chapter 4 Advances in Research Methods 69 Chapter 5 Emerging Products and Services 97 Chapter 6 Androids and Cyborgs 121 Chapter 7 Preparing for the Future 139 Part 2 Professional Perspectives Chapter 8 The Process of the Health Care Encounter 155 Chapter 9 Impact of Technology on Nursing Care 181 Chapter 10 Hospitals and the Forces of Change 193 Chapter 11 A Payer's Perspective on the Future 209 Chapter 12 Leadership, Followship, and Science 231 Chapter 13 Epilogue: A Postscript on Progress 251 Index 255

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Book SynopsisIn a concluding chapter he applies the book's historical insights to medical practice today-asking why, for example, modern diagnostic tests have not been used to give doctors more time to spend with patients.Trade Review[Howell's] early twentieth-century portrait is fresh and important, as an analysis of medical practice just coming to grips with the technological world. Nature I recommend this delightful book to anyone interested in the history of medicine. -- Seymour Perry New England Journal of Medicine

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Book SynopsisA portable study guide for MLS & MLT exams. More than 600 cards concisely summarize common procedures and disorders, critical knowledge for entry-level practice, and cover topics that are frequently included on MLS and MLT certification exams.Table of Contents I.Laboratory Operations, Management, and Education II.Clinical Chemistry III.Clinical Microbiology IV.Hematology V.Immunology VI.Immunohematology VII.Urinalysis and Body Fluids VIII.Molecular Diagnostics

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Book SynopsisFrom its initial clinical use, over 28 years ago, to its current extensive use (over 100,000 times annually in the US alone), balloon pump equipment has developed into sophisticated, computer--assisted technology for mechanically aiding circulation.Trade Review"...well written and well organized. It should be welcome as a reference text to the libraries of multidisciplinary teams caring for cardiac patients." --Canadian Journal of Surgery "This book presents a comprehensive and up to date review of the use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) ...The sections on balloon pump equipment, consoles and catheters, and the physiology of balloon pumping are all particularly good, and perhaps should be mandatory reading for all trainees in cardiac surgery, cardiac anesthesia, invasive cardiology and clinical perfusion. "It is a worthwhile addition to the library of a busy cardiovascular critical care unit in which IABPs are used frequently, and is a good reference text for anyone who is considering research involving the IABP." --Canadian Journal of AnesthesiaTable of ContentsSection I: Assisted Circulation. 1. The Principle of Circulatory Assist. 2. Pulsatile Assist Devices and Counterpulsation. Section II: Cardiac Function and Pathophysiology of Cardiac Failure. 3. Cardiac Function and Classification Of Cardiac Failure. 4. Cardiogenic Shock. Section III: The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump. 5. Historical Background. 6. Balloon Pump Equipment. 7. Balloon Pump Consoles and Catheters. 8. Physiology of Balloon Pumping. 9. General Criteria, Contraindications and Guidelines for Balloon Pumping. 10. Methods of Insertion and Removal of Intra-Aortic Balloon Catheter. 11. Complications of Balloon Pumping. Section IV: Management of Patients on Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump. 12. Nursing Care Of Patients on Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump. 13. Hemodynamic Monitoring, Data Acquisition and Assessment of Efficacy of Diastolic Augmentation. 14. Pharmacologic Treatment. 15. Management of Patients on Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Special Situations. 16. Problems With Use of Balloon Pumping. 17. Weaning from Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Assist. 18. System Management in Patients on Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump. 19. Ancillary Measures in Care of Patients on Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump. Section V: Indications for Use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump. 20. An Overview. 21. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump for Coronary Artery Disease. 22. Balloon Pumping in Cardiogenic Shock. 22. Balloon Pumping in Cardiac Surgery. 23. Miscellaneous Indications for Balloon Pumping

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