Materials science Books

Book SynopsisThis compilation reports on the use of chemical modification as a complementary methodology in the study of various organic compounds by matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, particularly focusing on results obtained since the last decade of the 20th century. The influence of a three-phase contact line on extrinsic-substrate-induced nucleation is discussed in detail, and various geometric configurations corresponding to certain scenarios are also identified. The authors explore the synthesis and phase transitions in hexaferrites of Y-type, and emphasis is placed on the magnetic phase transition leading to the observation of magneto-electric effects. Features of the structure, properties and synthesis of various modifications of vanadium dioxide are discussed, and the effects of doping with hydrogen by means of plasma-immersion ion implantation are explored. Additionally, the structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of BiFeO3 and its doped sister compounds are studied experimentally using density functional theory calculations.Table of ContentsPreface; Complementary Derivatization in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry; Thermostability Analyses of Substrate-Geometry-Associated Physical Models of Heterogeneous Nucleation; Preparation and Phase Transitions in Y-Type Magneto-Electric Hexaferrites; Vanadium Oxide Thin Films: Metal-Insulator Transition, Electrical Switching, and Modification of the Properties by Ion Implantation; Doping in Multiferroic BiFeO3; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 42 first evaluates the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of poly(1,1-difluoroethylene) or poly(vinylidene fluoride) and some of its copolymers and composites. The quantitative study of the p-type doping of a-Si:H thin films carried out by combining in situ Kelvin probe and UV-visible spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements is explored. The authors go on to discuss how graphene-based materials have shown great usefulness because they can be chemically combined with other materials to obtain new interesting materials with new chemical and physical properties In the subsequent study, electron transport properties of proposed field-effect transistors constructed by some low-dimensional nanomaterials are reported by the density functional theory simulation combined with a non-equilibrium Green function method. Following this, the methods used to synthesize structured catalytic supports by coating in spherical geometry are reviewed in conjunction with other coating methods on spheres with applications in photocatalysis. Additionally, a power storage system using spherical silicon solar cells, a maximum power point tracking charge controller, a lithium-ion battery and a direct current-alternating current inverter using silicon carbide devices is constructed and studied. The electrochemical behaviour of 316L stainless steel in the hypochlorite sodium bleaching process is also studied and findings are described. In the concluding study, on the basis of the the strain-rate cycling tests associated with the ultrasonic oscillation, p p was obtained as the effective stress due to the impurities which lie on the mobile dislocation.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation presents a detailed review of current research, developments, and progress on nanotechnology usage for the elimination of dyes from effluents released by textile industries. The benefits of using nanomaterials for functionalized textile production are presented, and the applications of nanomaterials in the most known functional technical textiles are discussed. The authors present the results of empirical studies carried out in the Portuguese industrial context, including the textile sector, where the relationship between negative effects associated with shift work and the adoption of certain management practices by organizations is analyzed. Additionally, the authors discuss how, to achieve the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological tools must be incorporated into both the production and consumption of textiles. The closing study indicates that it is possible to make objective pilling detection easily for standard fabric structures in the textile industry using databases created by measuring lots of samples.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Materials Science Research. Volume 44 provides an overview of the emerging field of phosphorescent nanomaterials, including synthesis protocols and characterization issues. The authors discuss the synthesis methods and characterization of synthesized compounds by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The carefully designed techniques for engineering process-induced strain to enhance carrier mobility or transform the band-gap from indirect to direct nano-devices are described. A compilation of investigations related to the formation of cerium coatings on an AZ91D Mg alloy are examined in an effort to improve its corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid. Following this, an article reports on an insightful portable microfluidic experimental setup for the fast and ultraselective detection of Hg2+ ions in a picomolar range using a cantilever-based piezoresistive sensor. The concluding study explores the behavior of the order parameter and the magnetization of antiferromagnetic solids subjected to mutually parallel staggered and magnetic fields.Table of ContentsPreface; Phosphorescence in Nanobioanalysis; Alkaline Earth Aluminates and Borates: Promising Host Lattices for Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Process-Induced Strain-Engineering in Nano-Scale: Coupled Effect of Quantum Confinement and Strain, an Unexplored Aspect of Advanced Materials Research with Immense Potential; Cerium Coatings as an Alternative for Corrosion Protection of AZ91D Mg Alloy for Biomedical Applications; Ultrasensitive and Selective Piezoresistive Sensor for Detection of Mercury Ions at Picomolar Range; Order Parameter and Magnetization of Aniferromagnets in Mutually Parallel Index.

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Book SynopsisFiber-reinforced polymers play an important role in the progress of materials science. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer: Processes and Applications presents the science of fiber-reinforced polymer composites from the manufacturing stage to its applications. Apart from the fabrication of the composites, its machinability properties are also discussed. This book considers both natural and synthetic fibers in polymer composites, as well as their utility for different sectors such as automotive, aviation and biomedical engineering. In addition to the overview of fiber-reinforced polymers, engineering properties of these materials are discussed. The book also discusses the impact of environmental aspects such as moisture uptake on the properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Since nano-engineering is a hot topic in the field of composites, the benefits of nano-fibers are discussed, as well as their fabrication methods, properties and applications. Moreover, fiber selections in polymer matrices are discussed by considering the interactions between fibers and matrices, as well as taking their applications into account.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction to Fiber-Reinforced Polymers; Natural and Synthetic Fibers In Polymer-Based Composites; Nano-Engineered Fibers in Polymer Matrices; Recent Developments of Fiber: Reinforced Polymer Composites in Automotive; Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites in Aviation; Fibre Selections in Polymer Matrices for Protective Structures; Manufacturing Methods of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers; Machinability of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers; Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers; Aging Effect on Fibre-Reinforced Polymers; Fiber Reinforced Nano Composites: Mechanical and Biological Aspects for Biomedical Applications; Mechanical Behaviour of Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites at Different Loading and Environmental Conditions; Future Trends of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe subject of this book is the analysis of the performance in ceramics of scheelite (CaWO4) and zircon (ZrSiO4). The aesthetics of glazed ceramics and paints depends to a large extent on the so-called opacifiers that give them brightness and pigments that give them colour. At present, zircon ZrSiO4 is the main opacifier of industrial ceramic glazes and the base of a widely-used pigment palette (cyan of vanadium in zircon, magenta of hematite in zircon and yellow of praseodymium in zircon). Likewise, scheelite CaWO4 can be used as a good opacifier by addition to glazes and is the basis of another family of inorganic pigments. These pigments are analysed from the perspective of their cooling capacity of buildings and urban environments, associated with their high reflectance of solar NIR radiation (700-2500 nm), as well as a certain photocatalytic capacity over organic substrates and NOx; therefore, surfaces with these pigments show a certain air purification capacity producing cleaner and cooler environments, allowing a saving in the use of air conditioning and a moderation of the so-called urban heat island effect. In short, the brightness, colour and NIR reflectance for cool surfaces in paints and ceramics using scheelite and zircon chemistry are discussed.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science influences all aspects of society, including the current challenges of environmental issues and of sustainable energy. It also impacts our daily life, because it studies common materials like nanomaterials, composites, hybrid materials, glass, and plastic. Materials science tries to improve these materials in ways such as adding scratch resistance to glass. This science also commonly studies composite materials. This book was motivated by the desire to broaden knowledge and use this knowledge to develop new materials for the utility of mankind. There are innumerable tools currently available that focus on specific knowledge that can largely serve the scientific community. However, this book also explores social issues and outlines applications of different materials. Additionally, this book presents research-based practices related to the usage of advanced materials and covers the application of nanomaterials in solar energy and medicine. The didactic approach of this book is perfectly suited to science and engineering students, as well as to biologists, physicists, or chemists who are not specialized in materials but who, nevertheless, wish to learn about this discipline. This work will also be appreciated by specialists in a particular aspect of materials science wishing to have a global view on the subject and to position their activity in a wider context.Table of ContentsPreface; Societal Impact of Nanomaterials; Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Societal Applications; Role of Nanomaterial in the Health Sector; Medicinal Importance of Inorganic Materials; Impact of Polymeric Materials on Society and Complex Impedance Spectroscopy; Carbon and Transition Metal Two Dimensional Quantum Dots: New Era of Material Science; Nanomaterials as Intrinsic Enzyme Mimetic Catalysts; Graphene: A Revolutionary Exotic Material and Its Applications; Materials for Energy; AB5-Type Metal Hydrides to Serve the Society as Energy Material: Development in Last Decade; Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Energy Applications; Functionalized Nanomaterials Based Efficient Photocatalyst for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Environment; Functionalization of Carbon-Based Materials for the Electrochemical Sensing Applications; Recent Development of Graphene Nanosheets Supported Pt-Free Electrocatalyst in Field of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell; Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials for Energy Harvesting; Hybrid Materials and Their Applications; ZrO2 Nanoparticle-Catalyzed One-Pot Multi-Component Synthesis of Bio-Active Organic Scaffolds; Bioremediation of Bauxite Residue Dumping Sites of Alumina Industry; Decontamination of Water with Metal Nanocomposites and Hybrid Nanomaterials; Nanoconjugates from Chitosan Hydrogel: A Novel Drug Delivery Tool; Index.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Condensed Matter & Materials Research

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Book SynopsisCondensed matter physics (solid state physics) deals with the study of matter in scales larger than atoms. Some of the key questions researched include: Can we understand emergent properties of matter such as the existence of metallic and insulating states, superconductivity, and magnetic long-range order? How do the relatively simple laws which govern microscopic physics organize themselves at the macroscopic level into a wide variety of complex behaviour, seen for instances in the many phases of liquid crystals? What is the nature of the phase transitions between these different states of matter? Is there universal behaviour at large length and time scales which is insensitive to the details of the microscopic interaction? And how does disorder in the form of impurities, crystal defects, and surface adsorbates alter these phases? This series presents a collection of papers exploring the most current and cutting edge research into the condensed matter field. For anyone hoping to stay abreast of some of the most dynamic developments in physics and science, the information presented here is essential.

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Book SynopsisBook & CD. Computer molecular simulations of complex multi-particle systems play a fascinating role in fundamental physics, biochemical and life sciences. Having an increasingly significant impact on many applied industries, especially in modern biophysical and nanotechnological areas, molecular simulation provides a set of tools for predicting many functional properties of molecular systems. The chemical, pharmaceutical, materials and related industries -- all share the computer molecular simulation methods. The molecular simulation studies cover different fields of either biological processes -- protein folding and electron densities of DNA and proteins, or thin film formations and surface-cluster phenomena in nanoelectronics, synthetic copolymers and biopolymer design in biochemistry, so on. Practically all of the world''s present supercomputers and many specially developed high performance computing clusters over the world are performing molecular simulations or are aimed on these needs. This book presents leading international research in this dynamic field.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals; ceramics; polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. Industrial applications of materials science include processing techniques (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, etc.), analytical techniques (electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB) etc.), materials design, and cost/benefit tradeoffs in industrial production of materials. This book presents new research directions in a very new field which happens to be an old field as well.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals; ceramics; polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. Industrial applications of materials science include processing techniques (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, etc.), analytical techniques (electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB) etc.), materials design, and cost/benefit tradeoffs in industrial production of materials. This book presents new research directions in a very new field which happens to be an old field as well.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals; ceramics; polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. Industrial applications of materials science include processing techniques (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, etc.), analytical techniques (electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB) etc.), materials design, and cost/benefit tradeoffs in industrial production of materials. This book presents new research directions in this rapid-growing field.

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Book SynopsisGreen composites can be prepared by conventional blending wheat gluten (WG) and other organic or inorganic components using conventional plastic processing equipments followed by thermo-moulding of the mixture at elevated temperatures to crosslinking the matrix. In recent years, great attention has been dedicated to the exploitation of natural fibres as reinforcement for plastics, replacing fibres synthetic materials. This book examines the methods for surface modification, which can be physical or chemical, according to superficial modification approach of the fibre. This book also gives a survey about the chemical composition, various mechanical processes for the separation of flax fibre, mechanical properties, physical and chemical treatment methods that improve the flax fibre matrix adhesion, their results and special effects on the various properties of composites. The authors also investigated the preparation and characterisation of Mater-Bi/wood flour green composites. The investigation was completed by performing biodegradation tests which allowed assessing the actual biodegradability of the prepared green composites. Other chapters in this book examine the effects of accelerated exposure to seawater on the flexural and impact properties of composites. Densified wood, which can be effectively used as raw material in the production of wood-base green composites, is discussed as well.

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Book SynopsisThe strength of a material refers to the material''s ability to withstand an applied stress without failure. The applied stress may be tensile, compressive, or shear. A material''s strength is dependent on its microstructure. The engineering processes to which a material is subjected can alter this microstrucure. This book provides a variety of material strength research including an extensive overview on the state of the art ceramic composite material BIOLOX delta which, since 2001, has successfully implanted more than 500,000 artificial hip joints. Due to the unique strength and toughness of this material, the risk of fracture has been substantially reduced when compared to conventional ceramic materials. Several different aspects of ionomer research from a physical property standpoint is discussed as well, including the history and current trends in ionomer research and a discussion on the immediate needs in this field. Furthermore, particle modelling (PM) as an innovative particulate dynamics based modelling approach is examined as a robust tool for simulating fracture problems of solids under extreme loading conditions, including situations of collapse, impact, blasting or high strain rate tension/compression. This book includes research on the ability of particle modelling to correctly predict dynamic fragmentation of materials with good accuracy.

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Book SynopsisIn materials science, composite laminates are assemblages of layers of fibrous composite materials which can be joined to provide required engineering properties, including in-plane stiffness, bending stiffness, strength, and thermal expansion. The individual layer consists of high-modulus, high-strength fibers in a polymeric, metallic, or ceramic matrix material. Most fibers in use include graphite, glass, boron, and silicon carbide, and most of the matrix materials are epoxies, polyimides, aluminum, titanium, and alumina. With the ongoing development of the high-tech industry, demand for advanced materials has led to the development of substitutes for traditional engineering materials (i.e., wood, aluminium, steel, concrete). Composite materials have emerged as superior engineering materials due to attributes that are not attainable with existing engineering materials. Due to these advantages, composite materials provide an opportunity for cost-efficient high performance in many weight-critical applications in spite of a product cost impediment compared with traditional materials. This new book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this dynamic field in relation to the properties, performance and application of composite materials.

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Book SynopsisThis book reviews the four classes of materials science, the study of each of which are also considered separate fields: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. The application of materials science in energetic materials, like explosives and oxidisers, is also an important topic, and thus is extensively reviewed in this book. Furthermore, the microhardness of steel and the various testing methods in polymers is analysed. Specifically, the Vickers microhardness of iron, carbon steels and high-alloyed steels are reviewed. Other chapters in this book explore the process of percolation in cuprate composites. Recently, extensive interest has been focused on the percolation processes in superconducting cuprates, of which physical properties are strongly characterised by the low-dimensional aspects of the crystal structures. Bulk metal glasses (BMGs) are also examined, which are currently the focus of intense research in the world because of their excellent properties and potential applications as engineering materials and functional devises. Other chapters in this book focus on electrodeposition and corrosion properties of zinc-cobalt and zinc-cobalt-iron, the structure and morphology of electrodeposited nickel-cobalt alloy powders, the control of microstructures by heat treatments and high-temperature properties, and the evaluation of fatigue strength methods for machine designs.

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Book SynopsisSilicon Carbide (SiC) is well known for its excellent material properties, high durability, high wear resistance, light weight and extreme hardness. This combination of properties makes them ideal candidates for tribological, semiconductor and MEMs, and optoelectronic applications. However, SiC is also known for its low fracture toughness, extreme brittleness and poor machinability. This book presents topical research data in the study of silicon carbide, including the etching and thin film formation of silicon carbide using highly reactive gases; production and characterisation of SiC particles; microstructure of silicon carbide nanowires; ductile regime material removal of silicon carbide; limitation of SiC in the liquid-state processing of Al-MMC; and the effects of ion implantation in silicon carbide.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on liquid metals; advanced glass fibre composites; the behaviour of building structures subjected to high temperatures; an integrated adhesive wear testing methodology and organometallic compounds in therapy.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on metal-organic architectures including organometallic supramolecular synthons; nanostructured ferritic alloys as materials for fission and fusion reactors; polycrystalline silicon thin films on glass; shape memory alloys and organic and inorganic mixed insulation coatings on non-oriented electrical steels.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of polypyrrole, including the preparation of conducting polypyrrole in conventional medium and ionic liquid medium; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation of polypyrrole; synthesised polypyrrole/Al flake composite using various corrosion inhibiting dopants; the influence of solution pH on the electrosynthesis and properties of polypyrrole films; immobilisation of enzymes on polypyrrole and potential applications and the recent advances in synthesis of polypyrrole nanostructures.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, including the fabrication of aromatic polyester composites containing carbon nanotubes; thermoplastic and thermosetting composites with natural fibres; phase separation of PMMA-modififed vinyl-ester thermosets; thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers from vegetable oils and the mechanisms of impregnation during compression molding of thermoplastic matrix composites.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the adhesive properties in nanomaterials, composites and films. Topics discussed include the properties and applications of composite materials made of Norland Optical Adhesive and liquid crystal materials; adhesive bonding of hydro-thermally modified wood; the use of adhesive films in transdermal and mucoadhesive dosage forms; the durability of adhesives and matrices for polymer composites used in the restoration and rehabilitation of building structures under natural and accelerated weathering conditions.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses current research in the study of renewable resources and biotechnology for material applications. Topics discussed include the potential of sorghum varieties as a bioenergy crop; enzyme modified grain by-product reinforced polypropylene composites; biomass as combustion fuel; efficiency of hemp essentials oil depending inflorescence harvest and the new biostymulator for increasing crops resistance to drought stress.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the thermal conductivity of ceramics; recent advances in tin dioxide materials; dental ceramic and metal surface treatment for bonding; characteristics and thermal properties of nitrocellulose in propellants; application of electrochromic, electroluminescent and photovoltaic devices and polycrystalline silicon thin films.

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Book SynopsisComposites are now one of the most important classes of engineered materials, as they offer several outstanding properties as compared to conventional materials. These materials have found increasingly wider applications in the general areas of chemistry, physics, nanotechnology, material science and engineering. This book compiles and examines a variety of contributions from over forty-nine experts of interdisciplinary fields of science to broadly explore the developments in the field of composite materials.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the phase behavior of polymers. The authors present topical research in this field. Topics discussed include the phase behavior of PVP as compared with that of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam); the applicability of lattice cluster theory to the calculation of miscibility; Raman study of the pressure and temperature induced transformations in crystalline polymers of C60; polymer phase behavior in nanocomposites; phase inverting polymer systems in drug delivery medicine and the correlation between stereochemistry and phase behavior.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the structure and properties of polypropylene foams; sensitisation in TIG welding of austenitic stainless steel, tribotesting of polymers in line contact; the synthesis and crystal growth of non-linear optical materials and their application in telecommunications; poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels in drug delivery devices; developments in processing technologies of functionally graded materials and the indentation size effects in polymers.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of the types, mechanics and applications of adhesives. Topics discussed include the mechanical behaviour of aductile adhesives in bonded joints; pressure-sensitive acrylic adhesives applied in many industrial fields; electrically conductive adhesives; anti-adhesive layers for nanoimprint lithography; the static and fatigue strength of interference fitted connections supplemented with anaerobic adhesives and tissue adhesives as alternatives to traditional sutures and staples.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of the types, uses and safety of magnets from across the globe. Topics discussed include magnetic spectrometry in nuclear physics; chiroptical interpretation of magnetic dipole transitions; the study of the effects of magnetic fields on cell cultures; critical sound propagation in magnets and nuclear magnetic resonance as a probe of spin dynamics in single molecule magnets.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the effective thermal conductivity of fluid-saturated sandstones; the structural evolution and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline FeAl intermetallics; silicon based drug delivery systems; diradical based organic molecular magnetic materials; the mechanochemical effect of hematite; transparent conducting oxides for thin film solar cells and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used in microfluidic devices.

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Book SynopsisRecent extensive activity on severe plastic deformation (SPD) as a new materials processing technology has generated vast experimental and analytical amounts of information. However, there is still a strong need for a multidisciplinary understanding of SPD. This book consists of in-depth analyses of the fundamentals and engineering of SPD on processing mechanics, the micro-mechanics of plastic deformation and the physics of the structure-properties relationship. This book bridges the gap between existing approaches, resolves certain controversies, and provides a united description of SPD at different scales.

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Book SynopsisIt is certainly eagerness of every manufacturer to be able to look through a finished product without destroying it. Indeed, using modern technology within the application of some physical principles makes it possible to really travel inside the matter and see the invisible. Nondestructive inspection, non destructive testing and non destructive evaluation are today recurrent terms in many fields from the high-tech development to the past footsteps conservation. This book collects theories and practices for several different non-destructive inspection techniques, which is certainly a great advantage since it facilitates the user''s choice, while it may be breeding ground for generating and promoting new ideas for a better exploitation of a specific technique.

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Book SynopsisEuropium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is a metal about as hard as lead and is quite ductile and is the most reactive of the rare earth elements. This book presents current research in the study of Europium including a review on the photoluminescence of the europium ion in different materials, organic europium complexes and their applications in organic light-emitting diodes and memory devices, europium compounds and their optical applications, and organic and inorganic emitting materials using Eu-Complex.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. This new volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including the detection and toughening of microcracks, electrospinning materials and applications, cement, concrete and composite processing, and applications and paramagnetism.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including negative refraction of electromagnetic waves in semiconductor superlattices, and sapphire instruments for X-ray optics, types, properties and applications of sapphires and radioactive isotopes of Indium and their applications.

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Book SynopsisThe method of observing the response of a solid to an applied mechanical vibration - mechanical vibration method - is useful for investigating various physical properties of materials. Topics used include the characterization of defects in crystals, nonlinear elasticity of crystals, electron conduction and superconductivity, and melting phenomenon. The materials are inorganic, organic, and metallic glasses of various kinds. The phenomena of the glass transition and crystallization are the main objects. Viscosity, internal friction, ultrasound propagation, and Brillouin scattering experiments are used. This book presents research in order to show the utility of the method by examining the formalism of the elasticity and mechanical vibration, as well as research concerning crystalline solids.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including the mechanisms of structural and phase evolution of metals and alloys; new trends in superconductivity research; and the corrosion resistance of strain hardening fibre reinforced cementitious composites.

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Book SynopsisInjection moulding is one of the most versatile and important manufacturing processes, capable of mass-producing complicated plastic parts in a variety of complex shapes with high dimensional precision. It is a major processing technique for converting thermoplastic and thermosetting materials with the aid of heat and pressure into complicated parts, consuming world-wide approximately 32% of all plastics. This book presents current research data in the study of injection moulding from across the globe, including an overview of injection moulding as a manufacturing technique for pharmaceutical applications; melt/solid weldline in over injection moulding; metal injection moulding of Co for biomedical applications; and the application of ultrasonic technology in the injection moulding process.

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