Life sciences: general issues Books

Book SynopsisThis book chronicles the proceedings of the International Symposium on Adhesion Measurement of Films and Coatings, held in Boston. The articles in this book were previously published in three special issues of the Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. Films and coatings are used for a variety of purposes and their adequate adhesion to the underlying substrates is of cardinal importance from practical consideration. In the last two decades there has been brisk activity in devising new ways to measure adhesion or ameliorating the existing techniques.Table of Contents1. Adhesion measurement of films and coatings: A commentary 2. Adherence failure and measurement: Some troubling questions 3. Measurement of adhesion for thermally sprayed materials 4. Adhesion measurement of thin metal films by scratch, peel, and pull methods 5. Fracture mechanics tests for measuring the adhesion of magnetron-sputtered TiN coatings 6. The effect of residual stresses on adhesion measurements 7. Adhesion of diamond-like carbon films on polymers: An assessment of the validity of the scratch test technique applied to flexible substrates 8. Adhesion improvement of RF-sputtered alumina coatings as determined by the scratch test 9. Scratch indentation, a simple adhesion test method for thin films on polymeric supports 10. On the evaluation of adhesion of coatings by automatic scratch testing 11. Continuous microscratch measurements of thin film adhesion strengths 12. Micro-scratch test for adhesion evaluation of thin films 13. Mechanics of the indentation test and its use to assess the adhesion of polymeric coatings 14. Observations and simple fracture mechanics analysis of indentation fracture delamination of TiN films on silicon 15. A study of the fracture efficiency parameter of blister tests for films and coatings 16. Adhesion (fracture energy) of electropolymerized poly(n-octyl maleimide-co-styrene) coatings on copper substrates using a constrained blister test 17. An experimental partitioning of the mechanical energy expended during peel testing 18. Comparison of finite element stress analysis results with peel strength at the copper-polyimide interface 19. Measurement of the practical adhesion of paint coatings to metallic sheets by the pull-off and three-point flexure tests 20. Analysis of pull tests for determining the effects of ion implantation on the adhesion of iron films to sapphire substrates 21. Measurement of the adhesion of diamond films on tungsten and correlations with processing parameters 22. Adhesion measurement of non-crystalline d

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the ecological aspects of polymer flame retardation. It deals with methods for estimating polymer flammability, the mode of action of modern flame retardants, and ecological concerns of the most used halogenated flame retardants.Table of Contents1. Chapter 1. Some Concepts of Polymer Combustion 2. Chapter 2. General Methods for Testing of Polymer Materials Flammability 3. Chapter 3. Polymer Flame Retardants 4. Chapter 4. Dioxins 5. Chapter 5. New Types of Ecologically Friendly Flame Retardants

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Book SynopsisThis book considers general aspects of the theory of polymers applied in optics. The main factors affecting the light loss in polymeric wave beam guides (PG) are discussed, and the mechanism of light loss in PG is analysed. Polymers applied in fiber optics are classified with reference to methods of fabrication and purification of the materials. Technological aspects of material fabrication are considered together with kinetic aspects of polymerisation. Updated information on polymerisation kinetics of MMA and styrene, and copolymerisation of these monomers with each other is reported. Other topics discussed in the book are heterogeneity of optic copolymers, association between structure and reactivity of monomers, other properties of optic copolymers, and areas of their commercial application. This volume will be of value and interest to anyone working in the field of optic polymers, both in academia and industry.Table of ContentsPreface Introduction Optical properties of polymers and materials based on them. General problems Refractive index. Dispersion of refractive index Optical anisotropy. Birefringence Optical inhomogeneity Numerical aperture Reasons and mechanisms for light losses: Reflection; Scattering; Absorption The lowest (theoretical) limit of losses in PG Light losses in polymeric media modified by substitution of hydrogen atoms by atoms of various elements Polymers for fiber optics. General demands Polymers for core of optical fibers: Polymerizational polymers and copolymers. General problems of their production; Poly(methyl methacrylate) and other polymers of methacrylic acid ethers aEURO the main materials for PG core; Modified poly(methyl methacrylate) as the material for PG core; Polystyrene and styrene copolymers with methyl methacrylate and alkyl methacrylates; Polymers from deuterated monomers Polycondensational polymers; other types of polymers for PG core Nontraditional polymerization polymers for fiber optics Polymers for covers of optical fibers Fluorine-containing polyalkyl(meth)acrylates and ?-fluoro-acrylates Estimation of relative radical-forming ability of monomers of the fluorine methacrylate sequence in radical homopolymerization and copolymerization (in mass) with vinyl monomers and structure of macromolecular chain of copolymers obtained: Kinetics of radical polymerization of fluorine (meth)acrylates in mass; Kinetics of radical copolymerization of fluorine-containing methacrylates with vinyl monomers; relative activity of comonomers, structure of the macrochain and compositional inhomogeneity of copolymers obtained; Determination of absolute rate constants of chain propagation during polymerization of fluorine-containing monomers Study of polymerization of fluorine-containing methacrylates in the presence of some stable radicals Properties of PGs as information transmission channels Transmission bandwidth PG and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) Polymeric media with refractive index gradient Classification of the refractive index gradient Measurements of the main parameters of selfocs (metrology of selfocs). Measurements of distribution of the refractive index profile and the absolute value of the refractive index by selfoc radius

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Book SynopsisThis volume documents the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Adhesive Joints: Formation, Characteristics and Testing held in Newark, NJ, May 22-24, 2000. Since the first symposium, held in 1982, there had been tremendous research activity dealing with many aspects of adhesive joints. This volume contains a total of 21 papers, which were all properly peer reviewed, revised and edited before inclusion. Therefore, this book is not merely a collection of unreviewed manuscripts, but rather represents information which has passed peer scrutiny. Furthermore, the authors were asked to update their manuscripts, so the information contained in this book should be current and fresh. The book is divided into three parts: 1) General Papers; 2) Evaluation, Analysis and Testing; and 3) Durability Aspects. The topics covered include: molecular brush concepts in enhancing strength of adhesive joints; factors affecting performance of adhesive joints; substrate preparation and modification; interfacial/interphasial aspects; determination of locus of failure; analysis and evaluation of adhesive joints using various techniques; testing of adhesive joints; stress analysis; application of fracture mechanics; durability aspects; accelerated environmental degradation of adhesive joints; solvent uptake; and adhesives with special characteristics. This volume represents a commentary on the current R&D activity in this arena and it should be of great value and interest to anyone interested in adhesive bonding / adhesive joints. Furthermore, this volume contains a number of excellent review/overview articles, which should be of particular value.Table of ContentsPreface PART 1: GENERAL PAPERS Molecular brush concepts in surface engineering of polymers for enhanced adhesion of adhesives and polymeric coatings W.S. Gutowski, S. Li, L. Russell, C. Filippou, M. Spicer and P. Hoobin Fracture of polymer interfaces: Interfacial structure and crack tip plasticity C. Creton The effects of surface modification of steel on wettability and joint strength E. Sancaktar and R. Gomatam Photocuring induced adhesion evolution in marine environments P.I. Dolez, R. Anderson, M. Marek and B.J. Love A new class of adhesion promoters for addition curable silicone adhesives J. Stein, B.E. Eichinger, T. Early and C.D. Wood Contamination insensitive UV curable adhesives R. Crook and D. Guilfoyle X-ray diffraction investigation on the fatigue behavior of a transversely loaded carbon fiber reinforced composite T. Nishino, D. Hirokane and K. Nakamae PART 2: EVALUATION, ANALYSIS AND TESTING Ultrasonic evaluation of adhesive joints: An overview J.L. Rose Interpreting adhesive joint tests K.L. DeVries and P.R. Borgmeier Structural bonded joint analysis: An overview D.M. Gleich, M.J.L. van Tooren and A. Beukers A rational adhesive joint strength analysis by non-linear fracture mechanics PJ. Gustafsson, E. Serrano and H. Wernersson Effect of geometrical non-linearity on the stress and deformation states of adhesive joints M. Kemal Apalak Three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress response in adhesive scarf joints subjected to impact tensile loads T. Sawa, I. Higuchi and J. Shimura Axisymmetric stress analysis and strength of bonded shrink-fitted joints subjected to push-off forces and torsional loads T. Sawa, M. Yoneno, K. Shimotakahara and Y. Motegi PART 3: DURABILITY ASPECTS Durability of a thermoplastic adhesive bonded polymeric composite/galvanized steel joint C. Xu, K. Ramani and G. Kumar Strength and durability of adhesively repaired and bonded joints H. Aglan, Q.Y. Wang and M. Kehoe Durability of structural adhesives and their bonded joints for high speed aerospace applications H. Parvatareddy, S. Xu and D. Dillard Ultrasonic characterization of accelerated environmental degradation of adhesively bonded joints S.I. Rokhlin, A. Baltazar, B. Xie and J. Chen Aging effects of environmentally-friendly cleaners on adhesive bond integrity L.L. Biegert, G.L. Anderson, K.B. Evans, B.D. Olsen and B.L. Weber Moisture effects on adhesively bonded tubular single lap joints J.W. Kwon and D.G. Lee Monitoring the solvent uptake in adhesive bonded joints using a novel non-destructive technique by applying high frequency dielectrics G.S. Armstrong, R.A. Pethrick, W.M. Banks and R.L. Crane

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Book SynopsisThis volume documents the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion held in Newark, NJ, June 21-23, 2000. Since the first symposium, held in 1992, there had been tremendous research activity on many ramifications of wettability phenomena. This volume contains a total of 33 papers, which were all properly peer reviewed, revised and edited before inclusion. Therefore, this book is not merely a collection of unreviewed manuscripts, but rather represents information which has passed peer scrutiny. Furthermore, the authors were asked to update their manuscripts, so the information contained in this book should be current and fresh. The book is divided into three parts: 1) General Papers; 2) Contact Angle Measurements / Determination and Solid Surface Free Energy; and 3) Wetting and Spreading: Fundamental and Applied Aspects. The topics covered include: various factors influencing contact angle measurements; various ways to measure contact angles; contact angle hysteresis; microscopic studies of static and dynamic contact angles; monitoring surface properties by contact angle measurements; contact angle measurements on various materials (smooth, rough, porous, heterogeneous); microtensiometry to determine contact angles on individual particles; surface free energy determination of various polymeric materials via contact angle measurements; factors influencing wetting and spreading phenomena; dewetting kinetics; wetting properties of wood, coal, paper, human skin and optoelectronic materials; droplet deposition on fibers; electrowetting; and relation between wettability and adhesion. This volume represents a commentary on the current R&D activity in this arena and it should – together with its predecessor (Volume 1) – be of great value and interest to anyone interested in this topic.Table of ContentsPreface; Part 1: General Papers Role of the water-air interface in determining the surface tension of aqueous solutions of sugars, polysaccharides, proteins and surfactants ; The effect of the acid-base chemistry of lactose on its adhesion to gelatin capsules: Conclusions from contact angle measurements and other surface chemical techniques ; The evaluation of surface free energy of polymers: The role of water acid-base properties and the measurement of an “equilibrium” contact angle ; Hydrophobic mechanochemical treatment of metallic surfaces; Surface rearrangements of polymeric materials containing fluorinated chains as studied by contact angle and other methods; Surface properties of fatty amines as revealed by contact angle, FTIR, and AFM measurements; Modification of E-glass fibre surfaces with aqueous,non-ionic silane solutions; Tetralin and ammonia plasma treatment of ultra-high-strength polyethylene fibers for improved adhesion to epoxy resin; Part 2: Contact Angle Measurements / Determination and Solid Surface Free Energy; Determination of contact angles in different size pores in a porous material; Contact angles on heterogeneous coal surface: The effect of mineral matter; Microsphere tensiometry to determine contact angles on individual particles; Factors influencing the determination of wood contact angles and wettability - extractives contamination, wicking, and bulk sorption effects; A study of contact angles on optoelectronic materials; Contact angle relaxation for ethoxylated alcohol solutions on hydrophobic surfaces; Contact angle hysteresis due to a film present behind the drop; Water contact angles and hysteresis on polyamides; Surface free energies of cellulose ether films; Uncured silicone sealant surface energy as determined; Surface energy and surface roughness changes produced by irradiating polymers with ultraviolet-ozone; Part 3: Wetting and Spreading: Fundamental and Applied Aspects; Dynamic contact line with disjoining pressure, large capillary numbers, large angles and pre-wetted, precursor, or entrained films; Determination of contact line tension from nanoscale liquid surface; Topographies; On the effective equation to describe the spreading of a small viscous drop over a rough surface; Wetting behaviour on a solid surface contaminated with a liquid layer; Wetting and dewetting kinetics of shear-thinning liquids; Evaluation of wetting properties of powders from low pressure gas adsorption experiments; The spreading of alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) in paper and on smooth hydrophilic substrates; The wetting properties of human skin; Wetting of solids by binary surfactant solutions: Synergistic effect ; Measurement of droplet deposition on fibers; Electrowetting on silicon single-crystal substrates; Specific characteristics of wetting and spreading at high Temperatures; Wettability and adhesion of bilayer-forming lipids onto polymeric films; Effect of electrical potential on adhesion, spreading and detachment of organic droplets at an aqueous electrolyte/metal interface

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Book SynopsisThis volume documents the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Adhesion Aspects of Polymeric Coatings held in Newark, New Jersey, May 25-26, 2000. Since the first symposium, held in 1981, there had been tremendous research activity relative to the adhesion aspects of polymeric coatings. Polymeric coatings are used for a variety of purposes. Irrespective of the intended purpose of the coating, it must adequately adhere to the underlying substrate, otherwise delamination and other undesirable phenomena occur. So the need to understand the factors which influence adhesion of polymeric coatings and to control it to a desirable level is quite patent. This volume contains a total of 13 papers, which were all properly peer reviewed, revised and edited before inclusion. Furthermore, the authors were asked to update their manuscripts, so the information contained in this book should be current and fresh. The topics covered in this book include: factors influencing adhesion of polymeric coatings; ways to improve adhesion; formation and relevance of interphase in practical adhesion; adhesion/cohesion in painted plastics; imaging of polymer surfaces; effect of substrate residue (smut) on coating process; surface treatment of metals and glass by silanes; surface modification of polyphenylene sulfide plastics; resin bonding in dentistry; measurement of internal stresses in polymeric coatings; effect of steel surface composition on adhesion of paint; wet adhesion of coatings on wood; and modified tape test to measure adhesion of coatings.Table of ContentsPreface; Interphase: Formation, characterization and relevance to practical Adhesion; Depletion, a key factor in polymer adhesion; Attaining adhesion/cohesion within painted plastics; Scanning electric potential microscopy (SEPM) and electric force microscopy (EFM) imaging o f polymer surfaces; The residue (smut) formed on aluminum alloys during hydrofluoric acid etching and its effect on a coating process; Surface modification of metals by silanes; Application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in assessing the adsorption of siloxane polymers onto E-glass fibers; Surface modification o f polyphenylene sulfide plastics to improve their adhesion to a dielectric adhesive; Metal surface conditioning concepts for resin bonding in dentistry; Measurement of internal stresses in polymeric coatings using time resolved fluorescence; Adhesion of an alkyd paint to cold rolled steel sheets: Effect of steel surface composition; Analysis of the wet adhesion of coatings on wood; Modified tape test: Measurement of adhesion of insulator films to low dielectric constant organic polymers

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Book SynopsisThis volume documents the proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Particles on Surfaces: Detection, Adhesion and Removal held in Newark, NJ, June 19-21, 2000. The study of particles on surfaces is extremely important in a host of diverse technological areas, ranging from microelectronics to optics to biomedical. This volume contains a total of 28 papers, which were all properly peer reviewed, revised and edited before inclusion. Therefore, this book is not merely a collection of unreviewed manuscripts, but rather represents information which has passed peer scrutiny. Furthermore, the authors were asked to update their manuscripts, so the information contained in this book should be current and fresh. This volume is divided into two parts: 1) Particle Analysis and General Cleaning-Related Topics; and 2) Particle Adhesion and Removal. The topics covered include: surface analysis techniques for particle identification; cleaning, rinsing and drying issues in post-CMP cleaning; fundamental forces involved in particle adhesion; factors affecting adhesion of small (nanosize) particles; factors important in particle detachment; particle adhesion measurement by AFM; various (wet and dry) techniques for particle removal, e.g., laser, ultrasonic, megasonic, use of surfactants; toner particles and pharmaceutical particles. This volume offers a wealth of information on the tremendously technologically important field of particles on surfaces and should provide a consolidated source of current R&D activity in this arena. Therefore, it will be of value and use to anyone interested in the topic of particles on surfaces.Trade Review'...Each paper is well documented with illustrations, photos, charts, data, and references, as appropriate. [...] This book is oriented to those researchers specializing in surface technology and contains appropriate equations and text, and for those researchers, this book is RECOMMENDED.' Adhesives & Sealants Newsletter, 2004.Table of ContentsPart 1: Particle Analysis and General Cleaning-Related Topics, Part 2: Particle Adhesion and Removal

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Book SynopsisThis book documents the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion held under the auspices of MST Conferences, LLC in Orlando, FL, June 9-11, 2003. Polymers are used for a variety of purposes in a host of technological applications and even a cursory look at the literature will evince that currently there is tremendous interest and R&D activity in the area of polymer surface modification to attain their desired surface characteristics, particularly to enhance their adhesion. This volume contains a total of 25 papers which were properly peer reviewed, revised and edited. So this book is not merely a collection of papers, rather represents the highest standard of publication. The book is divided into three parts: 1. Plasma Surface Modification Techniques; 2. Other / Miscellaneous Surface Modification Techniques; and 3. General Papers. The topics covered include: low pressure plasma surface modification of a variety of polymers using various gases; atmospheric pressure plasma treatment; improvement of stain release properties of fabrics; modification of electrostatic properties of polymers; photon-based processes for surface modification of fibers; excimer UV light treatment; excimer laser surface treatment; low-energy ion treatment; photo-grafting and photo-curing; metallization of treated polymers; chemical (wet) functionalization of polymers; adhesion of paints to thermoplastic substrates; polymer release surfaces; nanolithography in polymer films; gas barrier properties of ceramic layers on polymers; and modification of interphase layer and relevance to adhesion. This volume and its predecessors containing plentiful information should serve as a comprehensive source of latest R&D activity in the highly technologically important arena of polymer surface modification. Anyone interested –centrally or peripherally– in knowing or learning about the various ways to modify polymer surfaces should find this book of immense value.Table of ContentsPreface Part 1. Plasma Surface Modification Techniques; The effects of atmospheric pressure plasma treatments on adhesion and mechanical properties of high-performance fibers for composites; Modification of electrostatic properties of polymer powders by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment; Improved stain-release properties of PET fabric by plasma-surface Modifications; Surface characterization and properties of keratin fibers treated with low-temperature plasmas; Surface modification of PET films by plasma source ion Implantation; Functionalised plasma polymer coatings for promoting the adhesion of high-performance polymer fibres; Part 2. Other/Miscellaneous Surface Modification Techniques Photon-based processes for surface modification of synthetic Fibers; Wettability and surface free energies of polymeric materials exposed to excimer ultraviolet light and particle deposition onto their surfaces in water; Adhesion of copper to poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surfaces modified with vacuum UV radiation downstream from He and Ar microwave plasmas; KrF excimer laser surface modification of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers for improved adhesion to epoxy resins; The effects of excimer laser irradiation on the surface morphology and self-adhesion properties of some engineering polymers as evaluated by ultrasonic welding; Structural and chemical surface modification of polymers by low-energy ions and influence on nucleation, growth and adhesion of noble metals; Surface modification of natural fibers by photo-grafting and photo-curing; Surface modification of polypropylene for improved adhesion; Surface modification of polymer-based materials to enhance their resistance to highly aggressive oxidative environments; Fixation strategies for macrocyclic ligands such as cyclodextrins or cucurbit[6]uril on polymeric surfaces; Functionalization of synthetic polymers by supramolecular compounds: Immobilization of calix[n]arenes on polyester Part 3. General Papers Quantitative depth profiles from polymer surfaces by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Adhesion failure of paints on thermoplastic polyolefin substrates; Adhesion between hydroxyl graft-modified polypropylene and polycarbonate films; A novel process for formation of polymer release surfaces; A novel approach based on scanning probe microscopy for nanolithography in polymer films; Controlled grafting of well-defined functional polymers on hydrogen-terminated silicon substrates: Relevance to adhesion of electrolessly-deposited copper; Gas barrier properties of transparent ceramic thin layers deposited on PET substrate film by reactive sputtering; The modification of interphase layer and adhesion: Tuning and predictability

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Book SynopsisThis volume documents the proceedings of the International Symposium on Adhesion Aspects of Thin Films (including Adhesion Measurement, and Metallized plastics) held in Orlando, FL, December 15-16, 2003. This volume is divided into three parts. Part 1 “General Papersâ€; Part 2 “Metallized Plasticsâ€; and Part 3 “Adhesion Measurementâ€. The topics covered include: Factors influencing adhesion of thin films; relevance of stresses in film adhesion; surface effects on intrinsic thin film stresses; adhesion improvement; hemocompatibility of DLC coatings; thin films of various materials on a host of substrates; thin polymer films; surface modification of polymers; adhesion of metal films on polymers; investigation of metal-polymer interactions; adhesion measurement; scratch test; microscratch test; and abrasion and durability of thin films.Trade Review'Papers are well documented and illustrated with photos, charts and data, and references. For those researchers involved with thin films this book is RECOMMENDED.' Adhesives & Sealants Newlsetter, 2005.Table of ContentsPreface, Part 1: General Papers, Part 2. Metallized Plastics, Part 3. Adhesion Measurement

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Book SynopsisThis volume discusses questions of free-radical biology and new, modern directions in molecular cytobiology; proteomics and genomics. The book presents articles and reviews on bioantioxidants, synthesis of new compounds, mechanisms of their action and areas of application. Studies on free radical states using ESR technique, biochemistry of regulatory systems and the role of free radicals in radiation disease and cancer development are given special attention. Test results of new drugs for curing malignant tumors and kinetic approaches to the description of disease development and estimation of curative action of medicinal preparations are shown. The book also presents studies in the branch of enzymology, receptor systems, photoreception, in particular. The volume uniquely presents general tendencies in chemistry, biology and medicine kinetically united and attached to free radical mechanisms and other questions under consideration.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Bioantioxidants: yesterday, today, tomorrow; Peroxide oxidation of lipids in biological membranes and food additives; The influence of antioxidants on the signaling system of sphingomyelinic cycle and apoptosis; The features of biological membrane lipid peroxide oxidation under the effect of ultra-low concentrations of antioxidants; Structure, pharmacological properties and medical application of heteroaromatic antioxidants; The mechanisms of photodamaging of visual retinal and pigment epithelium cells of the eye Ill and The antioxidant role of shielding eye pigments - melanins and ommochromes, and physicochemical mechanism of their action; Enzymatic catalysis: kinetics, active site structure, Bioinformatics; Enzymes and their regulators in modern drugs; Structure and functions of firefly luciferase; Stabilization of subcellular structures by functioning: a creative approach to solution of many problems Volume II. Biological Kinetics; Protein aggregation kinetics; Nikolai M. Emanuel - the originator of biochemical investigations in the field of chemotherapy in Institute of Chemical Physics, RAS; Antitumor effects of nitric oxides and NO-donors; Nitrosoalkylureas in modern antitumor chemotherapy and The value of antioxidant properties of lipids in radiation damage and membrane repair; Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the et al organism responses to damages and their modification by compounds and Radioprotection of DNA with free radical reaction inhibitors - a welfare or ...? Steric modeling and establishing of the embryo, cells are synthesizing transitory perichromosomal DNA-containing organelles necessary for interpreting positional information; Mitochondria: oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutation, pathologies, aging and apoptosis; The study of biological activity of antioxidants on Morozova, and herbal objects; Chemical and Biological Kinetics. New Horizons; Principles of genetic activity of nitric oxide (NO) and NO-donating agents in modeling of the cell stress response and new drug development

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Book SynopsisThis volume chronicles the proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Particles on Surfaces: Detection, Adhesion and Removal held in Philadelphia, PA, June 2004. The study of particles on surfaces is crucially important in a legion of diverse technological areas, ranging from microelectronics to biomedical to space. This volume contains a total of 21 papers covering many ramifications of particles on surfaces, ranging from detection to removal. All manuscripts were rigorously peer-reviewed and revised, and properly edited before inclusion in this book. The topics covered include: imaging and analysis of macro and nanosize particles and surface features; determination of particles on surfaces; laser inactivation on surfaces; laser-assisted nanofabrication on surfaces; post-CMP cleaning process; pre-gate cleaning; solar panel obscuration in the Martian atmosphere; adhesion and friction of microsized particles; microroughness of textile fibers and capture of particles; factors affecting particle adhesion and removal; various techniques for cleaning or removal of particles from different substrates including laser, combination of laser-induced shockwave and explosive vaporization of liquid, attenuated total internal reflection of laser light, CO2 snow, use of dense phase fluids, use of surfactants and impinging air jet; and removal of sub-100-nm particles.Table of ContentsPreface; Part 1: Particle Detection/ Analysis/Characterization and General Cleaning-Related Topics: Recent developments in imaging and analysis of micro- and nanosize particles and surface features; Photodigital imaging as a means of monitoring particulate contamination on surfaces ; Determination of residual particles on surfaces. An updated method for particle extraction using ultrasonics ; Laser inactivation of surfaces and detection of bacteria; Laser-assisted nanofabrication on surfaces using micro- and nanoparticles ; Clean-then-assemble versus assemble-then-clean: Several comparisons; Development of a non-contact post-CMP cleaning process for copper; Using ozonated DI water for pre-gate cleaning; Decontamination of surrogate Pu-238 legacy wastes; Solar panel obscuration by dust and dust mitigation in the Martian atmosphere ; Part 2: Particle Adhesion and Removal: Adhesion and friction of single micrometer-sized particles; The effect of laser-induced micro-roughness of textile fibers on adhesion and capture of micrometer-sized particles; Advances in wafer cleaning and particle removal technology; Particle removal challenges and solutions in semiconductor fabrication CMP processes; Laser cleaning of model sub-micrometer particulate contaminants from Si surfaces; Removal of particles using the combined effect oflaser-induced shock wave and explosive vaporization of liquid; Particle removal by attenuated total internal reflection of laser light; Removal of sub-1 00-nm particles from structured substrates with C02 snow; Particle removal by dense-phase fluids using ultrasonics; Prediction of particle removal using surfactants; Removal of micrometer-size particles from solid surfaces by an impinging air jet

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Book SynopsisGrowing interest in the formulation of pressure-sensitive adhesives as described in the first edition of this book ( Pressure-Sensitive Formulation, VSP, 2000) required a new, enlarged edition including the design of pressure-sensitive adhesives as a separate volume. Developments in the understanding of pressure sensitivity were necessary to use macromolecular chemistry for pressure-sensitive design. Such developments include polymer physics and contact mechanics. Progress in coating technology, especially in in-line coating- and synthesis, opened new ways for the design of pressure-sensitive adhesives and products as well. Actually, pressure-sensitive-products with and without adhesives compete requiring a broad variety of material formulations and the corresponding manufacturing technology. The first volume of the book examines the theoretical aspects of pressure-sensitive design, based on macromolecular chemistry, macromolecular physics, rheology and contact mechanics. The second volume describes the practical aspects of pressure-sensitive design and formulation, related to product application. The advances in the various domains are described by specialists.Trade Review... These books are written for the advanced researcher, and are excellent reference books. Highly Recommended Adhesives & Sealants Newsletter, June 2007Table of ContentsVolume 1, 1. Introduction, 2. Pressure-Sensitive Adhesion as a Material Property and as a Process, 3. The Role of the Design and Formulation of Pressure-Sensitive Products, 4. Principles of Pressure-Sensitive Design and Formulation, 5. General Performance of Pressure-Sensitive-Adhesives, 6. Synthesis, Properties and Application of Water-Soluble Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives, 7. Novel Hydrocolloid Formulations, Based on Nanocomposite Concept, References, Abbreviations and Acronyms, Index

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Book SynopsisThis book chronicles the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium held on this topic in Toronto. A total of 26 papers covering many ramifications of silanes and other coupling agents are included in this book. The topics covered include: various ways to deposit silanes; silane adsorption; investigation of interfacial interactions between silanes and substrates; factors affecting effectiveness of silanes as adhesion promotors; silanes for corrosion inhibition/protection; application of silanes in a variety of technological areas; silanes in dental biomaterials, in understanding cellular adhesion, and in the field of textiles; and other (non-silane) coupling agents. This book provides a wealth of latest information on this highly technologically important topic and anyone interested in the use of these materials will find this book of great value and interest.Table of ContentsPart 1: Silane Coupling Agents 1. Are silane films water barriers? 2. Differentiation of silane adsorption onto model E-glass surfaces from mixed solutions of amino and glycidyl silanes 3. The differential adsorption of silanes from solution onto model E-glass surfaces using high-resolution XPS 4. Characterization of the interaction between silanes and solid surfaces by the streaming potential method 5. Thermal characterization of the interaction of silanes with a dihydroxy vulcanized fluoroelastomer 6. Modeling and practice of ethanol devolatilization from silica–silane rubber compounds in an internal mixer 7. The effect of trialkoxysilane coupling agent coatings on E-glass fibers on the flexural properties of fiber-reinforced composites 8. Glass strengthening by organosilane water-based coatings 9. Glass substrates modified with organosilanes for DNA immobilization 10. Surface photografting of unsaturated alkoxysilanes onto polyolefins with excimer-UV lamps 11. Surface functionalization of textile fibers with reactive silanes 12. Localization of octadecyltrimethoxysilane self-assembled monolayers by a combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches 13. Self-assembled monolayers of omega-functional silanes: A platform for understanding cellular adhesion at the molecular level 14. Stability enhancement of polystyrene thin films on aminopropyltriethoxysilane ultrathin layer modified surfaces 15. Applications of trialkoxysilanes in dental biomaterials: A review Part 2: Silanes for Corrosion Inhibition/Protection 16. Electrodeposition of aromatic bis-silanes for pretreatment of aluminum alloys 17. Performance of silanes in protecting metals from corrosion: Effect of substrate cleaning 18. Improved water-based silane pretreatment for hot-dip galvanized steel substrates 19. Integral epoxy resin–silane primer system for hot-dip galvanized steel 20. Corrosion inhibitors for silane systems on aluminum alloys 21. A novel low-VOC, chromate free, one-step primer system for corrosion protection of metals and alloys 22. An ultra-flexible, chromate-free, low-VOC, silane-based finishing and coating system for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys Part 3: General Papers 23. Well-defined polymer–Si/SiO2 hybrids via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and their relevance to nanotechnology 24. Incorporation of the macrocyclic ligand cucurbit[6]uril into a silica matrix 25. Effect of the post-application of polysiloxanes on plasma-treated wool fabrics 26. Comparative studies of hydrophobic surface treatments for TiO2: n-octylphosphonic acid and n-octyltriethoxysilane

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Book SynopsisThis book documents the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on this topic, held in Toronto. The book is divided into two parts: Part 1: Surface Modification Techniques; Part 2: Adhesion Improvement to Polymer Surfaces. Various ways to modify a host of polymer surfaces for a variety of purposes are covered in this book, with emphasis on latest developments. There is a tremendous current interest in devising new ways or ameliorating the existing techniques to modify polymer surfaces to attain desired characteristics because of its importance in a legion of technological areas, and all signals indicate that this interest will continue unabated. So this book should fill the need and should be a valuable addition to the literature.Table of ContentsPreface Part 1. Surface Modification Techniques Importance of process conditions in polymer surface modification: A critical assessment; Pretreatment and surface modification of polymers via atmospheric-pressure plasma jet treatment; The effects of excimer laser irradiation on surface morphology development in stretched poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate) and polystyrene films; XeCl excimer laser treatment of Vectran® fibersin diethylenetriamine (DETA) environment; Surface modification of polymers by ozone. Comparison of polyethylene and polystyrene treated at different temperatures; Atomic force microscopy based studies of photochemically-modifiedp oly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces; Wool surface modification and its influence on related functional Properties; Surface modification of polyethylene by photosulfonation; Covalent coupling of fluorophores to polymer surface-bonded functional groups; Functionalization of fiber surfaces by thin layers of chitosan and related carbohydrate biopolymers and their antimicrobial activity; Dendrons for surface modification of polymeric materials; Surface modification of textile materials by dip-coating with magnetic nanoparticles; Part 2. Adhesion Improvement to Polymer Surfaces Adhesion improvement of epoxy resist to a benzocyclobutene layer: Application to nanoimprint lithography ; Improvement of adhesion between poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) films; Novel approaches to enhance adhesion of cellulose; An in-mold application of adhesion promoters to polyolefin Substrates; Design and control of surface properties of UV-curable acrylic Systems; Detection of contaminants on polymer surfaces using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

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Book SynopsisIn recent decades, dendrimers — free-shaped synthetic macromolecules — have garnered a great deal of scientific interest because of their unique molecular nanostructure. Used in a variety of scientific applications, dendrimers are now widely regarded as a safer, more precise and more effective way to practice medicine.This book compiles and details cutting-edge research in science and medicine from the interdisciplinary team of the Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, which is currently revolutionizing drug delivery techniques through the development of engineered nanodevices. Edited by Istvan J. Majoros and James R. Baker Jr, two prominent nanotechnology researchers, this book will appeal to anyone involved in nanotechnology, macromolecular science, cancer therapy or drug delivery research. Trade Review"The authors' approach to fill in a little history with futuristic perspective will be a delight to all readers interested in the field. A must read."—Prof. George R. Newkome, The University of Akron, USATable of ContentsTargeted Drug Delivery in General, New Technology in Medicine. General Carriers for Drug Delivery. Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Synthesis and Characterization. Optical and Biophotonic Applications of Dendrimer Conjugate. Dendrimer Conjugates for Cancer Treatment. Biological Application of PAMAM Dendrimer Nanodevices in vitro and in vivo. Dendrimer-based Targeted Apoptosis Sensors for Medical Application. MRI Using Targeted Dendrimer Contrast Agents. Nanoparticle — Membrane Interactions: Mechanism for Enhanced Permeability. Computer Simulations of Dendrimers. Dendrimer-Entrapped and Dendrimer-Stabilized Metal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a concise state of the art of the synthesis and properties of nanocomposite particles with interest for diverse bio-applications. Contributions are mainly related to the chemical design of nanocomposite particles, their properties as well as their constituent materials, and the tailoring of bio-interfaces that may be relevant to the fields of clinical diagnosis and drug delivery procedures, among other bio-applications.Trade Review"The book provides an excellent and timely overview on the chemistry and biological applications of various types of nanoparticles and their composites. Starting from the fundamental science of preparation and surface functionalization, the book, following a clear and didactic approach, covers the most important topics which are related to applications of nanoparticles in the biological and medical field. The chapters provide basic principles, detailed insights, and possible applications of the discussed systems and refer the more interested reader to the most important literature. This makes the book a comprehensive reference for graduate students and senior scientists who want to enter this fascinating scientific field at the crossroads of various disciplines."—Prof. Guido Kickelbick, Saarland University, Germany"The book provides an excellent and timely overview on the chemistry and biological applications of various types of nanoparticles and their composites. Starting from the fundamental science of preparation and surface functionalization, the book, following a clear and didactic approach, covers the most important topics which are related to applications of nanoparticles in the biological and medical field. The chapters provide basic principles, detailed insights, and possible applications of the discussed systems and refer the more interested reader to the most important literature. This makes the book a comprehensive reference for graduate students and senior scientists who want to enter this fascinating scientific field at the crossroads of various disciplines."—Prof. Guido Kickelbick, Saarland University, GermanyTable of ContentsFrom Nanoparticles to Nanocomposites: An Overview. Polymers for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification and Biofunctionalization. Nanocapsules as Carriers for the Transport and Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Molecules. Inorganic Nanoparticles Biofunctionalization. Silica-Based Materials: Bioprocesses and Nanocomposites. Synthetic Strategies for Polymer Based Nanocomposite Particles. Synthesis of Nanocomposite Particles Using Supercritical Fluids: A Bridge with Bio-Applications. Biocomposites Containing Magnetic Nanoparticles. Multifunctional Nanocomposite Particles for Biomedical Applications. Bio-Applications of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Nanocomposites. Anti-Microbial Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites. Microcatheters: A Bio-Application of Carbon Nanotube Filled Composites. Biosensing Applications Using Nanoparticles.

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Book SynopsisWhen the size and the shape of materials are reduced to the nanoscale dimension, their physical and chemical properties can change dramatically. This book demonstrates the controlled size and shape of nanostructured materials and their applications. The applications cover photocatalysts, biomedicals, nanomaterials, fuel cells and supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, light-emitting diodes, and field emission display. This book may be the first to clearly point out the relationship between the size and the structure of the materials, which strongly affects their properties. Understanding these control parameters has important technological implications for energy conversion and storage, biotechnology, lighting and display, and so forth. Trade Review"This interesting book presents studies on controlled size and shape of nanostructured materials. With a clear introduction of the magical physical and chemical changes brought about by the ‘nano’ version of materials, the author exemplifies many of their wide applications, including photocatalysts, biomedicals, nanomaterials, fuel cells and supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, light-emitting diodes, and field emission display. This is the right book for scientists and students who are looking for inspiration, perspectives, and the latest studies in this field."—Prof. Hongjie Zhang - Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"This book offers perspectives of controlled fabrication of nanostructured materials with an extensive collection of the most updated studies that encourage the use of nanostructured materials for a wide range of applications. Reading it certainly benefits readers’ understanding of the relationship between the structures and properties of nanomaterials and their new applications. An excellent reference for inspiring scientists and students."—Dr. Qiang Xu - National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan"This book represents an extensive collection of the most updated studies that cover tremendous nanosystems with controlled size and shape for a variety of applications such as energy conversion and storage, catalysis, biotechnology, lighting, and displays. The comprehensive perspectives will undoubtedly help gain deep insights into the relationship between the morphology (structure) and properties of functional nanomaterials, which remained nearly untouched. I believe such a timely and interesting text is invaluable and instructive, particularly for young scientists in this field."—Prof. Xueyuan Chen - Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"This book offers readers some excellent resources of up-to-date knowledge on nanostructured materials with controlled size and shape according to their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. Each chapter is prepared by internationally recognized experts in their respective fields. It is comprehensive and well written and will attract a broad range of readers in science and technology."—Dr. Jiujun Zhang - National Research Council of Canada, Vancouver, CanadaTable of ContentsAn introduction of Controlled Sizes and Shapes of Nanostructures and Their Applications. Visible Light Responsive Surface Structure Controlled TiO2 Nanoparticles. Controlled Shaping TiO2 for Efficient Photocatalysis. Shape and Particle Size Controlled for Water Splitting. Shaping and Particle Size Effect of TiO2 on the Cytotoxicity. Controlled Growth of Nanomaterials for the Biomedical Application. Shape Controlled (including particle, rod and star-shape) of Au Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Size and Shape-controlled Synthesis of Nanocrystals. Hybrid Inorganic Nanomaterials with Controlled Sizes and Shapes. Controlled Particle Size and Shape of Nanomaterials and Their Applications. Controlled Particle Size and Shape of Nanomaterials and Their Applications. Controlled Shape and Size of Nanocatalysts for Fuel Cells. Controlled Particle Size and Shape of Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Supercapacitors. Nano/composite Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries. Controlled Size and Shape of Graphene and Its Application in Li-ion Battery. Controlled Growth of Quantum Dots and their Application to Wavelength Converter for Light-emitting Diodes. Artificial Nanostructures with Controlled Sizes and Shapes.

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Book SynopsisBiomaterials are produced in situ and in vivo in the body using mainly hydration reactions, that is, reactions between phosphates, silicates or aluminates, and water. The nanostructural integration of these biomaterials in the body is controlled by six mechanisms. This book describes the new biomaterials based on nanostructural chemically bonded bioceramics and discusses their general and specific properties. It presents an overview of the nanostructural chemically bonded bioceramics, including their processing aspects, properties, integration with tissues, relation to other bioceramics and biomaterials, and nanostructural integration in different dental and orthopaedic applications. Trade Review"This book describes a new family of in situ in vivo produced bioceramics with high potential within dentistry and orthopedics. The importance of nanostructural properties is thrilling, and thoroughly described." —Prof. Roger Narayan, North Carolina State University, USA"This book is an excellent introduction to the field of bionanomaterials for the researcher as well as the newcomer to the field. It introduces readers to the structure and characteristics of new bioceramics, chemically bonded nanobioceramics, and their interaction with tissues in vivo and in vitro, posing the question: What determines the biocompatibility and the toxicity of such new inserts in human bodies? The book thoroughly explains chemically bonded bioceramics from a chemical composition and mineralogy point of view and early tissue response, providing researchers with comprehensive knowledge about nanobioceramics for practical applications."—Walid M. Daoush, Helwan University, EgyptTable of ContentsIntroduction to Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Bioceramics. Classification of Bioceramics. General Properties. Specific Properties. Nanostructural Mechanisms and Integration to Hard Tissue. Nanostructures Including Nanoporosity. Applications. Future Trends.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on polymer–clay nanocomposite materials. It introduces readers to polymers, clays, and organo-clay and discusses the nature of interparticle interactions and physical adsorption, which are predominant in the synthesis of organo-clay; conversion of clay to organo-clay; interactions between functional groups in the interlayer region of clay and modifier ions; synthesis of organo-clays and their uses; and the commercial utilization of organo-clays. The text then covers the preparation of polymer–clay nanocomposites and their characterization, properties, performance, and applications.The primary goal of this book is to aid readers who wish to engage in the research and development of polymer–clay nanocomposites and to offer them an overview of the commonly used polymer–clay nanocomposites and their origins, manufacture, properties, and potential applications. This book will serve as a general introduction to researchers just entering the field and as a useful reference for scholars from other subfields.Trade Review"This book presents important aspects regarding the classification, characterization techniques, synthesis, and reactions of polymers and clays and addresses the synthesis procedures to obtain polymer–clay nanocomposites and their respective application range. It is an excellent source of knowledge in the field of polymer–clay nanocomposites and can be used by scientists, researchers, students, and industrials."— Prof. Guilherme L. Dotto, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil"A well-structured and easy-to-read book that follows the logical sequence of materials science, synthesis-characterization-practical application, and an excellent reference for those interested in getting a general overview of the fascinating polymer–clay nanocomposites with enhanced properties with respect to pure inorganic and organic solids and whose practical applications cover diverse areas." — Dr. Alberto Marinas-Aramendía, Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Spain"This book with updated literature provides an excellent reference for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners. It represents a complete and coherent study of the general concepts, characterization, and properties governing polymers and specifically polymer–clay nanocomposites. With commercial applications discussed throughout and experimental results connected with theory, this is an ideal reference for those working in polymer science." — Prof. Mahir Alkan, Balıkesir University, TurkeyTable of ContentsIntroduction to polymer and polymer synthesis. Surface chemistry of clay and organo-clay synthesis. Clay minerals: the mechanisms of surface modification of clay. Organo-clay synthesis methods. Polymer–clay nanocomposite synthesis methods. Types of polymer–clay nanocomposites: preparation of polymer–clay nanocomposites . Characterization of polymer–clay nanocomposites. Properties of polymer–clay nanocomposites. Applications of polymer–clay nanocomposites.

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Book SynopsisIn the area of controlled release of active substances, such as drugs, a strong interest in nanoparticles as carriers of active ingredients has arisen. Some of the active components are extremely hydrophobic, without cellular permeability and susceptible to metabolic degradation. Owing to this, their use is limited. This kind of agent can be transported without any problem through physiological media by using nanoparticles. The size of particles is an important parameter because it governs the efficiency of the delivery system. For this type of application, particles that have a diameter smaller than 1 μm are especially useful. Polymeric nanoparticles that have diameters in the colloidal range are produced by means of polymerization processes in dispersed media. Drugs are taken up into the nanoparticles by adsorption, absorption, or “entrapment," or covalent bonding and they are delivered (release) by desorption, diffusion, polymer degradation, or a combination of these mechanisms. Nanoparticles (including nanogels) that release their contents by external triggering open up new possibilities for therapeutic strategies. External triggering by light, heat, change in pH, or application of ultrasound opens up the possibility to release the material on demand. If only a part of the wall of the nanoparticle (nanocapsule) is responsive, we are dealing with the so-called nanobottles, a nanocontainer with the active substance and a lid on the container that can be "opened" and "closed" by external triggering. This book focuses on responsive nanoparticles and brings together two interesting areas: nanoparticles and responsive polymers. The concept of the book is that of a systematic approach from nanoparticles synthesis via responsive polymers to nanobottles. The second part of the book presents contributions from experts in the field and provides a state-of-the-art overview of the field.Table of ContentsResponsive Polymer Nanoparticles. General Introduction and Definitions. Responsive Polymers: Types and Properties. Types of Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles and Comparison with Responsive Macroscopic Materials. Synthetic Strategies to Produce Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles. Approaches to Targeting of Nanoparticles towards Tissues/Organs. Characterization of Responsiveness. Selection of Nanoparticles for Treatment of Certain Diseases. State of the Art on Synthesis and Applications of Polymeric Nanoparticles. Nanogels. Magnetic Latex. Nanocapsules, Liposomes, Bubble Liposomes, Layer-by-Layer Approach, Micelles. Inorganic Nanoparticles/Capsules. Carbon Nanotubes. Dendrimers. Cancer. Neurodegenerative Diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson). Nanocardiology. Immunotherapy and Vaccines.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology has attracted billions of dollars in venture capital from research institutes, governments, and industries in recent years. Traditional nanofabrication techniques such as CVD, sol–gel, and self-assembly have been intensively studied. However, the electrochemical nanofabrication technique, which offers huge benefits for manufacturing nanomaterials as well as broad applications in industries, has not been given much attention compared with the traditional nanofabrication methods. This book fits the niche of such technology because it summarizes various electrochemical nanofabrication methods and shows their various essential applications in areas such as batteries, sensors, and many future technologies. With the development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, the arena of electrochemical nanofabrication has expanded significantly. The first edition of this book was drafted in 2009. In 2010, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Prof. Konstantin Novoselov and Prof. Andre Geim from the University of Manchester for their groundbreaking experiments on the two-dimensional material graphene. Three years later, the European Commission launched the European Union’s biggest ever research initiative, the Graphene Flagship, with a budget of 1 billion euros. In light of these developments, this new edition of the book is enriched with the synthesis of graphene-based materials through electrochemical methods, the applications of graphene in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, and the use of graphene composites in various sensing platforms. It will be of immense interest to a broad audience in nanotechnology and electrochemistry.Trade Review"This book provides an innovative and thought-provoking view of electrochemical processes in nanofabrication. A comprehensive overview of the field is complemented by focused coverage of niche specialist topics involving metallic, oxide and polymeric materials in diverse combinations and complex interfacial architectures. A pedagogical approach to the central fundamental concepts allows the non-specialist to appreciate the significance of some perceptive subsequent analytical critique. Excellent use of illustrative material assists appreciation of the synergy between the novel fundamental science and its application in practical devices. This is an excellent book for those working in the field and others considering entering it."--Prof. A. Robert Hillman, University of Leicester, UKTable of Contents Discusses the principles of electrochemical nanofabrication and their great potential in sensors, batteries, optoelectronics, and many future applications Presents contributions by leading scientists and researchers in the field Reviews the current state-of-the art and future prospects for electrochemical nanofabrication

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Book SynopsisThe phenomenal success of nanostructures in various applications has led to the exploration of a plethora of novel nanomaterials. Nanoboron is no exception. Boron as material has the ability to form covalently bonded stable networks and finds use in a large variety of applications. This book provides a complete overview of the latest developments in the field of boron nanostructures. It starts with an introductory chapter on the fundamentals of boron chemistry, followed by chapters by experts devoted to discussions on boron nanoclusters, nanosheets, nanotubes, and nanowires, respectively. Applications of boron in nanomedicine are also discussed in wide detail.Very few titles covering Boron have surfaced to date; however, most of them are introductory text on boron chemistry and its properties along with couple of others covering specialized topics such as uses of boron in steel making, etc. This text provides state-of-the-art knowledge along with recent developments in boron nanostructures through succulent discussions.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Boron Nanosructures. Boron Nanoclusters. Two-Dimensional Boron Nanosheets. Ab initio Studies of Single-Wall Boron Nanotubes. Boron Nanowires: Synthesis and Properties. Applications of Boron Nanostructures in Medicine.

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Book SynopsisAs computational hardware continues to develop at a rapid pace, quantitative computations are playing an increasingly essential role in the study of biomolecular systems. One of the most important challenges that the field faces is to develop the next generation of computational models that strike the proper balance of computational efficiency and accuracy, so that the problems of increasing complexity can be tackled in a systematic and physically robust manner. In particular, properly treating intermolecular interactions is fundamentally important for the reliability of all computational models. In this book, contributions by leading experts in the area of biomolecular simulations discuss cutting-edge ideas regarding effective strategies to describe many-body effects and electrostatics at quantum, classical, and coarse-grained levels. The goal of the book is to not only provide an up-to-date snapshot of the current simulation field but also stimulate exchange of ideas across different sub-fields of modern computational (bio)chemistry. The text will be a useful reference for the biomolecular simulation community and help attract talented young students into this exciting frontier of research.Trade Review"This book is a state-of-the-art report on the description of molecular energetics using force fields, which are the most critical element in computer simulations of biomolecular systems. The 16 chapters, written by leaders in the field, provide in-depth reports on all important current issues, including the representation of polarization, quantum mechanics-based force fields, and coarse-grained approaches for RNA, DNA, and membranes. This is an important reference for anyone involved in computational studies in chemistry and biology, especially those who want a deeper understanding of the underlying representations of intra- and intermolecular energetics."—Prof. William L. Jorgensen, Yale University, USATable of ContentsQM and QM/MM Methods. Polarizable continuum models for (bio)molecular electrostatics: Basic theory and recent developments for macromolecules and simulations. A modified divide-and-conquer linear-scaling quantum force field with multipolar charge densities. Explicit polarization theory. Effective fragment potential method. Quantum mechanical methods for quantifying and analyzing non-covalent interactions and for force-field development. Force field development with density-based energy decomposition analysis. Atomistic Models. Differential geometry-based solvation and electrolyte transport models for biomolecular modeling: a review. Explicit inclusion of induced polarization in atomistic force fields based on the classical Drude oscillator model. Multipolar force fields for atomistic simulations. Quantum mechanics based polarizable force field for proteins. Status of the Gaussian electrostatic model, a density-based polarizable force field. Water models: Looking forward by looking backward. Coarse-Grained Models. A physics-based coarse-grained model with electric multipoles. Coarse-grained membrane force field based on Gay–Berne potential and electric multipoles. Perspectives on the coarse-grained models of DNA. RNA coarse-grained model theory.

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Book SynopsisNanobiophysics is a new branch of science that operates at the interface of physics, biology, chemistry, material science, nanotechnology, and medicine. This book is the first one devoted to nanobiophysics and introduces this field with a focus on some selected topics related to the physics of biomolecular nanosystems, including nucleosomal DNA and model lipid membranes, nanobiohybrids involving DNA/RNA and single-walled carbon nanotubes, biomolecules deposited on nanoparticles, and nanostructured surfaces. It describes unique experimental physical methods that are used to study nanosized biostructures. It outlines the applied aspects of nanobiophysics, considering the state of art in the fabrication of two types of sensors: gas sensors, with a focus on breath gas detection, and nanophotonic sensors, with a focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detection in water samples. It also covers the development of nanoscale scaffolds for delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to cells, which is an important example of the possible application of nanobiophysics researches in nanomedicine.Trade Review"Nanoscale materials, their physical and chemical properties, and even their biological effects have emerged as a new major branch of science. Interdisciplinary fields are always intriguing and exciting but also difficult to master. This book is an important contribution by an excellent group of scientists who came together to discuss the most relevant aspects of nanoscale materials from the standpoint of biophysics. It summarizes the new findings and developments in the field. The book is a valuable read for newcomers in the field, specialists in other aspects of nanomaterials, and scientists already working in nanobiophysics."— Prof. Károly Vékey, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HungaryTable of ContentsQuantum-Mechanical Investigations of Non-Covalent Interactions of Carbon Materials. Hybrids of siRNA with Carbon Nanotubes as RNA Interference Instruments. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Interfaced with DNA/RNA. Nucleosome as an Example of a Nanosystem Formation: Structural Dynamics of Nucleosomal DNA. Structure Diagnostics of Biorelevant Associates and Complexes in Liquid Nanosystems by Small-Angle Scattering. Liquid Crystal Ordering and Nanostructuring in Model Lipid Membranes. Interactions of Biologically Active Redox-Sensitive Dyes with Nanomaterials: Mass Spectrometric Diagnostics. Nanosized Complexes of Bioorganic Molecules in Low-Temperature Matrices. Kinetics Framework for the Nanoscale Description of Environment-Induced Transition Processes in Biomolecular Structures. Polymer-Mediated Interactions between Nanocolloids and Their Effect on the Coagulation-Fragmentation of Colloid. Point-Contact Sensors and Their Medical Applications for Breath Analysis: A Review. Nanophotonic Sensor for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Detection.

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Book SynopsisBiomaterials research requires the union of materials scientists, engineers, biologists, biomedical doctors, and surgeons. Societal implications have invoked tremendous interest in this area of research in recent years. What started as a search for strong and durable implant materials has now led to path-breaking developments in tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery, and tissue scaffolds. Viable applications of mesoporous structures, polymer biocomposites, and fibers (synthetic and natural) in the areas of clinical orthopedics, controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, orthodontics, etc., have emerged as relatively recent concepts. This book presents recent results related to both materials aspects and implant issues. The focus is on structural, magnetic, antibacterial, bioactivity/compatibility, mechanical, and other related properties and the implication of these results on biomedical applications. The book discusses technical problems faced by the surgeon during implant fixation in total hip replacement and the selection of materials based on the patient’s requirement. It also addresses recent advances in implant materials, including the reinforcement and biocompatibility issues.Trade Review"This book gathers an outstanding collection of scientific, technological and practical aspects of biomaterials. It will be useful for researchers and surgeons as well as PhD students, who would need to get an overview of the concepts and the most recent achievements in this field. Written and coordinated by international scientists, Trends in Biomaterials will undoubtedly stand as a reference book for the coming years."—Prof. Lionel Montagne, University of Lille, France"The mostly updated studies collected in the book Trends in Biomaterials prepared by the worldwide experts G. P. Kothiyal and A. Srinivasan are addressed to a broad readership ranging from master’s students to experienced researchers from different branches of science: physics, chemistry, biotechnology and medicine. The topics covered in the book are related (but not limited) to bioactive glasses as well as polymer materials for various biomedical applications. The book is thoughtfully composed and well written and gives a good overview of the current state of the art in this field." —Prof. Michal Piasecki, Jan Dlugosz, University, PolandTable of ContentsBioactive glass and glass-ceramics containing iron oxide: preparation and properties. Self-assembly approach for biomaterials development. New trends in bioactive glasses: the importance of mesostructure. Natural and synthetic polymer fiber based biomaterials. Biomaterials in total hip joint replacements: the evolution of basic concepts, trends and current limitations—a review.

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Book SynopsisThese days, advanced multiscale hybrid materials are being produced in the industry, studied by universities, and used in several applications. Unlike for macromaterials, it is difficult to obtain the physical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of nanomaterials because of the scale. Designers, however, must have knowledge of these properties to perform any finite element analysis or durability and damage tolerance analysis. This is the book that brings this knowledge within easy reach.What makes the book unique is the fact that its approach that combines multiscale multiphysics and statistical analysis with multiscale progressive failure analysis. The combination gives a very powerful tool for minimizing tests, improving accuracy, and understanding the effect of the statistical nature of materials, in addition to the mechanics of advanced multiscale materials, all the way to failure. The book focuses on obtaining valid mechanical properties of nanocomposite materials by accurate prediction and observed physical tests, as well as by evaluation of test anomalies of advanced multiscale nanocomposites containing nanoparticles of different shapes, such as chopped fiber, spherical, and platelet, in polymeric, ceramic, and metallic materials. The prediction capability covers delamination, fracture toughness, impact resistance, conductivity, and fire resistance of nanocomposites. The methodology employs a high-fidelity procedure backed with comparison of predictions with test data for various types of static, fatigue, dynamic, and crack growth problems. Using the proposed approach, a good correlation between the simulation and experimental data is established.Table of ContentsNanostructure Bulk Property Predictions Using Molecular Mechanics. Obtaining Material Properties from the Bottom-Up Approach. Fiber–Matrix Interphase Effects on Damage Progression in Composite Structures. Composite Nanomechanics: A Mechanistic Properties Prediction. Analyzing Interlaminar Shear Strength of Multiscale Composites via Combined Finite Element and Progressive Failure Analysis Approach. Validation for Multiscale Composites: Glass/Epoxy/Silica Nanoparticles. Influence of Nanoparticles and Effect of Defects on Mode I and II Fracture Toughness and Impact Resistance. Prediction/Verification of Composite Electrical Properties and Nano-Insertion Improvement. Polymer Nanocomposites as Ablative Materials: A Comprehensive Review. Antifriction Nanocomposites Based on the Chemically Modified Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene. Modeling of Mechanical Properties in Nanoparticle Reinforced Polymers Using Atomistic Simulations. Prediction of Effect of Waviness, Interfacial Bonding, and Agglomeration of Carbon Nanotubes on Their Polymer Composites. Dispersion of Nanoparticles in Polymers. Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticle/Polymer Composites. Predicting the Elastic Properties of CNF/Thermoset Polymer Composites Considering the Effect of Interphase and Fiber Waviness. Part 1: Multiscale Nanocomposite Fatigue Life Determination. Part 2: Multiscale Nanocomposite Fatigue Life Determination. Stress Analysis and Fracture in Nanolaminate Composites. Probabilistic Simulation for Nanocomposite Fracture. Material Characterization and Microstructural Assessment: Fatigue Curve S-N Development Using Fracture Mechanics.

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Book SynopsisThis book is focused on the spintronic properties of III–V nitride semiconductors. Particular attention is paid to the comparison between zinc blende GaAs- and wurtzite GaN-based structures, where the Rashba spin–orbit interaction plays a crucial role in voltage-controlled spin engineering. The book also deals with topological insulators, a new class of materials that could deliver sizable Rashba spin splitting in the surface electron spectrum. Electrically driven zero-magnetic-field spin splitting of surface electrons is discussed with respect to the specifics of electron-localized spin interaction and voltage-controlled ferromagnetism. The book covers generic topics in spintronics without entering into device specifics, since the overall goal of the enterprise is to provide theoretical background for most common concepts of spin-electron physics and give instructions to be used in solving problems of a general and specific nature. The book is intended for graduate students and may serve as an introductory course in this specific field of solid-state theory and applications. Trade Review"This book serves as a useful reference on the electronic structure and spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization of wurtzite-structure nitride semiconductors. Various chapters explain in detail how polarization fields and the Rashba effect combine to turn these materials into promising materials for spintronics as well as topological insulators. The concepts are illustrated with many applications. Overall, this work will serve as a valuable resource for students and practitioners alike."—Prof. Chris G. Van de Walle, University of California, USA"This book comes at a very good time, just as the scientific community is ready to explore new materials in search of room-temperature ferromagnetism in semiconductors. In his excellent book, Vladimir Litvinov provides a comprehensive arsenal of theoretical tools needed for tackling this challenge. His treatment of various exchange interactions and spin-orbit effects in semiconductors is handled masterfully, laying the ground for the exploration of spintronic effects in materials of current interest, which range from wide-gap semiconductors to topological insulators. An excellent reference for students and scientists working in this area."—Prof. Jacek K. Furdyna, University of Notre Dame, USATable of ContentsGaN Band Structure. Rashba Hamiltonian. Rashba Spin Splitting in III–Nitride Heterostructures and Quantum Wells. Tunnel Spin Filter in Rashba Quantum Structures. Exchange Interaction in Semiconductors and Metals. Ferromagnetism in III–V Semiconductors. Topological Insulators. Magnetic Exchange Interaction in Topological Insulators.

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Book SynopsisMillions of patients suffer from end-stage organ failure or tissue loss annually, and the only solution might be organ and/or tissue transplantation. To avoid poor biocompatibility–related problems and donor organ shortage, however, around 20 years ago a new, hybridized method combining cells and biomaterials was introduced as an alternative to whole-organ and tissue transplantation for diseased, failing, or malfunctioning organs—regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This handbook focuses on all aspects of intelligent scaffolds, from basic science to industry to clinical applications. Its 10 parts, illustrated throughout with excellent figures, cover stem cell engineering research, drug delivery systems, nanomaterials and nanodevices, and novel and natural biomaterials. The book can be used by advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students of stem cell and tissue engineering and researchers in macromolecular science, ceramics, metals for biomaterials, nanotechnology, chemistry, biology, and medicine, especially those interested in tissue engineering, stem cell engineering, and regenerative medicine.Table of ContentsBiomaterials and Manufacturing Methods for Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine: Update 2015. Biomineralized Matrices as Intelligent Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Bioceramic and Composite Scaffolds in Drug Delivery and Bone Tissue Engineering. Recent Developments in Materials Innovation in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Carbonate Apatite Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine. Mg-Based Biodegradable Metals for Scaffolds. Functional DNA Building Blocks and Their Hydrogel Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. Recent Progress of Intelligent Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering. Polyanionic Hydrogels as Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. Hyaluronic Acid–Based Hydrogel as a Scaffold for Tissue Engineering. Biologically Triggered Injectable Hydrogels as Intelligent Scaffolds. Cytocompatible and Reverse-Transformable Polymeric Hydrogel Matrices. "Smart" Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications. Cell-Encapsulating Polymeric Microgels for Tissue Repair. Injection Materials for the Larynx. Bionanocrystals in Tissue Engineering Strategies: Tools for Reinforcement, Nanopatterning, and/or Nanostructuring of Polymeric Scaffolds and Hydrogels. Porous Scaffolds Using Dual Electrospinning for in situ Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Biofunctionalization of Electrospun Fibers for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds. 3D Printing of Tissue/Organ Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine. 3D Printing Technology Applied to Tissue Scaffolds. Nanomaterial-Assisted Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medical Therapy. Application of Nanodevices in Sensing and Regenerative Medicine. Micro-/Nanotech-Based Craniofacial Tissue Engineering. Carbon Nanotubes: A Kind of Novel Biomaterials for Scaffolds of Tissue Engineering. Bacteriophage Scaffolds for Functional Assembly of Molecules and Nanomaterials. Intelligent Scaffold–Mediated Enhancement of the Viability and Functionality of Transplanted Pancreatic Islets to Cure Diabetes Mellitus. Extracellular Matrix–Derived Biomaterials: Molecularly Defined Ingredients and Processing Techniques. Biological-Derived Biomaterials for Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation. Demineralized Dentin Matrix (DDM) Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Engineering. Biomimetic Scaffold Fabrication for Tissue Engineering. Scaffolds for Tracheal Regeneration. Bladder Tissue Engineering. Scaffold Applications for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Annulus Fibrosus Tissue Engineering: Achievements and Future Development. Corneal Endothelium Regeneration: Basic Concepts. High-Throughput Screening of Extracellular Matrix–Based Biomaterials. Effect of Scaffolds with Bone Growth Factors on New Bone Formation. Drugs as Novel Biomaterials for Scaffolds. Biocompatible Surface Coatings for Silicone-Based Implants. Synthetic/PLGA Hybrid Scaffold for Tissue Regeneration: Update 2015. Biomedical Applications of Silk Fibroin. Tissue Fabrication and Regeneration by Cell Sheet Technology. Stem Cell Engineering Using Bioactive Molecules for Bone-Regenerative Medicine.

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