Life sciences: general issues Books

Book SynopsisMetalair and metalsulfur batteries (MABs/MSBs) represent one of the most efficient-energy storage technologies, with high round trip efficiency, a long life cycle, fast response at peak demand/supply of electricity, and decreased weight due to the use of atmospheric oxygen as one of the main reactants. This book presents an overview of the main MABs/MSBs from fundamentals to applications. Recent technological trends in their development are reviewed. It also offers a detailed analysis of these batteries at the material, component, and system levels, allowing the reader to evaluate the different approaches of their integration. The book provides a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration, and discusses current technologies, achievements, and challenges, as well as future directions. Each chapter focuses on a particular battery type including zincair batteries, lithiumair batteries, aluminumair batteries, magnesiumair batteries, lithiumsulfur batteries, and vanadTrade Review"…the publication of this book is timely. The self-contained and yet concise chapters provide readers with comprehensive information for each category of main MABs/MSBs, from history and fundamentals to up-to-date technical developments and applications. Reading the chapters in this book will be a most efficient way to bring readers to the frontier of this intriguing field. "—Juntao Lu, Wuhan University, Hubei, China"…the publication of this book is timely. The self-contained and yet concise chapters provide readers with comprehensive information for each category of main MABs/MSBs, from history and fundamentals to up-to-date technical developments and applications. Reading the chapters in this book will be a most efficient way to bring readers to the frontier of this intriguing field. "—Juntao Lu, Wuhan University, Hubei, ChinaTable of ContentsZinc–Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications. Lithium–Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications. Aluminum–Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications. Magnesium–Air Battery. Metal–Sulfur Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications—A Perspective. Vanadium–Air Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book is dedicated to the field of conductive polymers, focusing on electrical interactions with biological systems. It addresses the use of conductive polymers as the conducting interface for electrical communications with the biological system, both in vitro and in vivo. It provides an overview on the chemistry and physics of conductive polymers, their useful characteristics as well as limitations, and technologies that apply conductive polymers for medical purposes. This groundbreaking resource addresses cytotoxicity and tissue compatibility of conductive polymers, the basics on electromagnetic fields, and commonly used experimental methods. Readers will also learn how cells are cultured in vitro with conductive polymers, and how conductive polymers and living tissues interact electrically. Throughout the contents, chapter authors emphasize the importance of conductive polymers in biomedical engineering and their potential applications in medicine. Trade Review"Profs. Zhang, Rouabhia, and Moulton have assembled a group of investigators that are working on issues ranging from materials synthesis, device characterization, and analytical measurements of performance. Of particular interest and value are several reports from clinically-inclined investigators that describe recent studies of electrically-mediated cell response. These areas represent opportunities for future developments and collaborations between chemists, materials scientists, biomedical engineers, and physicians. Taken together, these chapters provide a comprehensive overview of issues related to the interface between active devices and biological systems" —David C. Martin, Karl W. and Renate Böer Professor of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware (from the Foreword)Table of ContentsEarly History of Conductive Organic PolymersSynthesis of Biomedically Relevant Conducting PolymersProperties and Characterization of Conductive PolymersMechanism in Charge Transfer and Electrical StabilityIndustry Viable Metal Anti-corrosion Application of PolyanilineMedical Device Implants for Neuromodulation. The Electromagnetic Nature of Protein-Protein InteractionsThe Impact of Electric Fields on Cell Processes, Membrane Proteins and Intracellular Signaling CascadesLipid-Protein Electrostatic Interactions in the Regulation of Membrane-Protein ActivitiesExperimental Methods to Manipulate Cultured Cells with Electrical and Electromagnetic FieldsThe Neurotrophic Factor Rationale for Using Brief Electrical Stimulation to Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Animal Models and Human PatientsIn vitro Modulatory Effects of Electrical Field on FibroblastsThe Role of Electrical Field on Neurons: In vitro StudiesModulation of Bone Cell Activities in vitro by Electrical and Electromagnetic StimulationsElectrical Stimulation of Cells Derived from MuscleThe Response of Endothelial Cells to Endogenous Bioelectric Fields The Role of Electrical Field on Stem Cells In VitroEffects of Electrical Stimulation on Cutaneous Wound Healing: Evidence from in vitro Studies and Clinical TrialsEffect of Electrical Stimulation on Bone Healing

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Book SynopsisLight Scattering Technology for Food Property, Quality and Safety Assessment discusses the development and application of various light scattering techniques for measuring the structural and rheological properties of food, evaluating composition and quality attributes, and detecting pathogens in food. The first four chapters cover basic concepts, principles, theories, and modeling of light transfer in food and biological materials. Chapters 5 and 6 describe parameter estimation methods and basic techniques for determining optical absorption and scattering properties of food products.Chapter 7 discusses the spatially-resolved measurement technique for determining the optical properties of food and biological materials, whereas Chapter 8 focuses on the time-resolved spectroscopic technique for measuring optical properties and quality or maturity of horticultural products. Chapter 9 examines practical light scattering techniques for nondestructive qualityTable of ContentsIntroduction to Light and Optical Theories. Overview of Light Interaction with Food and Biological Materials. Theory of Light Transfer in Food and Biological Materials. Monte Carlo Modeling of Light Transfer in Food. Parameter Estimation Methods for Determining Optical Properties of Foods. Basic Techniques for Measuring Optical Absorption and Scattering Properties of Food. Spatially-Resolved Spectroscopic Technique for Measuring Optical Properties of Food. Time-Resolved Technique for Measuring Optical Properties and Quality of Food. Spectral Scattering for Assessing the Quality of Fruits and Vegetables. Light Propagation in Meat and Meat Analog: Theory and Applications. Spectral Scattering for Assessing Quality and Safety of Meat. Light Scattering Applications in Milk and Dairy Processing. Dynamic Light Scattering for Measuring Microstructure and Rheological Properties of Food. Biospeckle Technique for Assessing Quality of Fruits and Vegetables. Raman Scattering for Food Quality and Safety Assessment. Light Scattering-Based Detection of Food Pathogens.

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Book SynopsisThermodynamic data of polymer solutions are paramount for industrial and laboratory processes. These data also serve to understand the physical behavior of polymer solutions, study intermolecular interactions, and gain insights into the molecular nature of mixtures. Nearly a decade has passed since the release of a similar CRC Handbook and since then a large amount of new experimental data have been published, which is now compiled in this book.The CRC Handbook of Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Data of Polymer Solutions at Elevated Pressures features nearly 500 newly published references containing approximately 175 new vapor-liquid equilibrium data sets, 25 new liquid-liquid equilibrium data sets, 540 new high-pressure fluid phase equilibrium data sets, 60 new data sets describing PVT properties of polymers, and 20 new data sets with densities or excess volumes. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, speciTable of ContentsIntroduction. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) Data and Gas Solubilities at Elevated Pressures. Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium (LLE) Data of Polymer Solutions at Elevated Pressures. High-Pressure Fluid Phase Equilibrium (HPPE) Data of Polymer Solutions. PVT Data of Polymers and Solutions. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisPolymers have emerged as one of the most innovative classes of materials in modern materials science, leading to new applications in medicine and pharmacy. This book offers a convincing and understandable approach to polymer biomaterial devices being used in various areas related to biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The polymer materials finding application as biomaterials are discussed and described in detail pertaining to the areas of artificial implants, orthopedics, ocular devices, dental implants, drug delivery systems, burns and wounds. Table of ContentsIntroduction. Polymers in Dental Devices. Polymers in Orthopedic Devices. Polymers in Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers in Wound Dressing Materials. Polymers in Tissue Engineering. Polymers in Ocular Devices. Polymers in Cardiovascular Systems. Present Market of Available Polymer Biomedical Devices. Present Challenges and Future Prospects.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive introduction to green or environmentally friendly polymer composites developed using renewable polymers of natural origin such as starch, lignin, cellulose acetate, poly-lactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxylalkanoates (PHA), polyhydroxylbutyrate (PHB), etc., and the development of modern technologies for preparing green composites with various applications. The book also discusses major applications of green polymer composites in industries such as medicine, biotechnology, fine chemicals and engineering.Table of ContentsBinders. Food Packaging Applications. Foam Products for Industrial Sectors. Foam Products for Clinical Applications. Hygiene Cosmetics. Building Materials. Biomedical and Tissue Engineering. Utilities. Textile Applications. Agriculture Applications. Funerary Goods. Automobile Applications. Utensils. Natural Rubber. Kraft Soft Wood. Coatings.

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Book SynopsisOver the last decade, an unprecedented expansion in the field of nanomedicine has resulted in the development of new nanomaterials for diagnosis and therapy of various diseases such as cancer. This book covers the design, synthesis and applications of various functionally-hybridized nanomaterials for biomedical applications. It includes strategies for design and synthesis of hybrid nanomaterials, surface engineering of various nanoparticle-based hybrid nanosystems for cancer imaging and therapy, toxicity aspects of nanomaterials and the challenges in translation research of hybrid nanomaterials.Table of ContentsIntroduction/Preface. Epitaxial Growth Techniques for the Synthesis of Hybrid Nanostructures. Engineering of Core/Shell Structured Hybrid Nanoparticles. Engineering of Hybrid Nanoparticles by Self-assembly. Engineering of Mesoporous Silica-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles for Cancer Imaging. Engineering of Quantum Dot-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles for Multimodality Imaging. Engineering of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Hybrid System for Cancer Imaging. Engineering of Hybrid Upconversion Nanoparticles for Multimodality Imaging. Engineering of Carbon-based Hybrid Nanomaterials. Hybrid Nanomaterials Based on Peptide/protein-polymer Conjugates. Engineering of Nanoscale Metal Organic Frameworks for Cancer Theranostics. Engineering of RBC Membrane-camouflaged Hybrid Nanoparticles. Engineering of Porous Hybrid Nanoparticles for Drug/Gene Delivery. Engineering of Hybrid Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy. Hybrid Nanosystems for Photodynamic Therapy 16. Engineering of Hybrid Nanosystems for Chemotherapy. Engineering of Hybrid Nanostructures for Combined Cancer Therapy. Theranostic Hybrid Nanoparticles: Design, Synthesis and Applications. Engineering of Graphene-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics. Engineering of Porphysome Nanovesicles for Cancer Imaging and Therapy. In Vivo Cancer Targeted Imaging and Therapy with Hybrid Nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology. Pathway to Clinical Translation of Hybrid Nanomaterials.

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Book SynopsisSince the discovery of graphene, it has become one of the most widely and extensively studied materials. This book aims to summarize the progress in synthesis, processing, characterization and applications of a special group of nanocarbon materials derived from graphene or graphene related derivatives by using various strategies in different forms. More specifically, three forms of macrosized materials are presented, i.e., one-dimension or 1D (fibers, wires, yarns, streads, etc.), two-dimension or 2D (films, membranes, papers, sheets, etc.) and three-dimension or 3D (bulk, hydrogels, aerogels, foams, sponges, etc.). Seven chapters are included with the first chapter serving to introduce the concept, definition, and nomenclature of graphene, graphene oxide and their derivatives. The main topics are covered in Chapters 2?7. Although they have coherent connections, each chapter of them is designed such that they can be studied independently. The target readers of this book incluTable of ContentsIntroduction. Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets. Graphene-Inorganic Hybrids (I). Graphene-Inorganic Hybrids (II). Graphene Based Fibers. Graphene Based Papers and Films. Graphene 3D Architectures.

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Book SynopsisDynamical Biostatistical Models presents statistical models and methods for the analysis of longitudinal data. The book focuses on models for analyzing repeated measures of quantitative and qualitative variables and events history, including survival and multistate models. Most of the advanced methods, such as multistate and joint models, can be applied using SAS or R software.The book describes advanced regression models that include the time dimension, such as mixed-effect models, survival models, multistate models, and joint models for repeated measures and time-to-event data. It also explores the possibility of unifying these models through a stochastic process point of view and introduces the dynamic approach to causal inference.Drawing on much of their own extensive research, the authors use three main examples throughout the text to illustrate epidemiological questions and methodological issues. Readers will see how each method is Trade Review"The properties of this book may be summarized in two words: rich and concise. . . this is a very well-written book that manages to cover a lot of ground in a remarkably succinct way. . . I can highly recommend the book."—Per Kragh Andersen, International Society for Clinical Biostatistics"I think that those whose research is or will be in the area of dynamical biostatistics would benefit from having a copy on their shelves."—Alice M. Richardson, Faculty of Education, Science, Technology and Mathematics, University of Canberra, Australia"This book aims at describing methods of biostatistics modeling, in particular, dynamical model approaches for statisticians, as well as serving as a textbook for postgraduate students... The balance between theory and application is appropriate for both researchers performing biostatistics modeling and for students taking graduate level courses… The book is concisely written so that it covers a wide range of basic and dynamic models and modeling approaches with examples. Statisticians in the industry may feel a large part of the book too technical but can use the book for reference and may also benefit from the rich examples and R-codes, some with translation to SAS, in the appendix." —Pharmaceutical Statistics"One of my favorite features of this book is that the same three examples are used throughout, and all the approaches discussed are applied to these examples. This allows readers to identify the similarities and differences of various techniques. Furthermore, it is a good way for readers to learn so-called data mining since diverse information can be mined by applying different statistical methods to the same dataset . . . I believe this book will be a successful text for graduate level courses focusing on dynamical biostatistical models that analyze time-dependent data. Its presentation of conventional methods is very effective."~Hongjian Zhu, Table of ContentsIntroduction. Classical Biostatistical Models: Inference. Survival Analysis. Models for Longitudinal Data. Advanced Biostatistical Models: Extensions of Mixed Models. Advanced Survival Models. Multistate Models. Joint Models for Longitudinal and Time-to-Event Data. The Dynamic Approach to Causality. Appendix: Software. Index.

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Book SynopsisRecent global cancer statistical data has clearly indicated that prostate cancer is currently the second most frequently diagnosed cancer (at 15% of all male cancers) and globally the sixth leading cause of cancer death in males. This book is a summary of prostate cancer, covering its incidence, epidemiology, and current treatment options. It also serves as an up-to-date review of the status of currently available alternative and complementary medicines for treating prostate cancer, including various plant extracts, herbal formulations, natural products, yoga, acupuncture, Ayurveda, homeopathy, and Siddha medicines used in prostate cancer therapy.Trade Review"Exceptionally well organized and presented, "Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Prostate Cancer" is unreservedly recommended as a core addition to college and university library Health/Medicine collections in general, and Prostate Cancer supplemental studies reading lists in particular."-- James A. Cox, Editor-in-Chief, Midwest Book ReviewTable of ContentsProstate cancer: an introduction. Prostate cancer epidemiology. Molecular biology of prostate cancer. Current treatments and reasons for treatment failure. Preclinical status of novel approaches for prostate cancer therapy. Triterpenoids and sesquiterpenes. Curcumin. Resveratrol.Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Phyllanthus sp: Bitter melon extract. Kava. Plumbagin. Urokinase inhibitors from plants. Chinese Herbal among Prostate Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Study in Taiwan. lternol.Betel leaf.Spice derived anticancer molecules for prostate cancer. Nutraceuticals and prostate cancer. Isoflavinoids. Pomegranate. Green tea. Broccoli. Pomi-T supplements. Other forms of CAM. Yoga and prostate cancer. Acupuncture. Homeopathy. Siddha medicines.

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Book SynopsisAdvanced high strength steels (AHSSs) for auto-making are primarily produced by rolling, plus heat treatment technologies if necessary. However, due to the metallurgical complexity of AHSSs, it is impossible to roll all of the AHSS grades in a rolling mill with the same rolling technology. Each of AHSSs has unique applications in vehicles, and specified rolling technologies are required to produce high quality AHSS products where they might be the best employed to meet performance demands of the automotive parts. Such background has prompted the publication of this scholarly book in the area of rolling of AHSSs with a purpose of providing readers with a valuable technical document that can be used in the research and development of AHSSs for automotive and other manufacturing industries. With contributors from USA, Germany, Poland, Italy, Spain, Austria, Australia, China, India and Iran, the book highlights the latest advances in rolling technologies of AHSSs. It focusTable of ContentsAdvanced High Strength Steels and Their Processes. A New Theory for Cold Flat Rolling. Estimation of Temperature Distribution in Flat Rolling. Cellular Automaton Modeling of the Microstructural Evolution in AHSS Hot Rolling. Thermomechanical Processing of TRIP Steels. Newly-Developed High-Manganese Fe-Mn.(Al, Si) Austenitic TWIP and TRIP Steels. Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels and Their Hot Rolling Technologies. Hot Rolling Practice of Multiphase Steels. Hot Rolling System Design for Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSSs). Cold Rolling of TWIP Steels. Cold Rolling Practice of Martensitic Steel. Cold Rolling and Annealing of Advanced High Strength Steels. Chattering in Rolling of Advanced High Strength Steels. Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Advanced High Strength Steels. Control Model of Heat Treatment Process in the Rolling of Advanced High Strength Steels.

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Book SynopsisIndustrial Applications of Marine Biopolymers presents different classes of marine biopolymers and their industrial applications, demonstrating the precious value of ocean resources to society. This timely volume discusses the exceedingly useful polymers derived from these materials that are biodegradable, biocompatible, and at times water soluble. Direct use or chemically modified forms of such biomaterials have many chemical sites, making them suitable for varied types of industrial applications. In addition, this book also addresses current global challenges of conservation, including extended drought conditions and the need for improved agricultural methods, together with new bio-medical developments. It is suitable for anyone who has an interest in the industrial applications of biopolymers.Table of ContentsPart – I Isolation and physicochemical characterization of marine biopolymers. Introduction to marine biopolymers. Isolation of marine biopolymers. Physicochemical characterization of marine biopolymers. Isolation and characterization of chitin and chitosan. Isolation and characterization of alginate from seaweeds. Isolation and characterization of carrageenans and agar / agarose. Influence of physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan on its potential applications. Structural characteristics of marine biopolymers. Isolation and characterization techniques used for hydroxyapatite. Biosynthesis of marine biopolymers. Electrostatic properties of marine biopolymers. Applications of analytical tools such as NMR, IR and Mass spectrometry to analyse the structural properties of marine biopolymers. Mechanical properties of Marine biopolymers and its derivatives. Use of X-Ray diffraction analysis on Marine biopolymers. Production of marine biopolymers through enzymatics process. Chemical modification of chitin and chitosan for its potential applications. Enzymatic modification of marine biopolymers. Effect of Molecular weight and the degree of deacetylation of chitosan and its determination. Isolation and characterization of hyaluronic acid. Isolation of low-molecular weight biopolymers from marine sources. Physio-chemical characterization of tunicin, laminarin and furcellaran. Isolation and characterization of inorganic biopolymer.Part – II Biological and Biomedical applications of the marine biopolymers Chapter 1: Marine biopolymers for anti-cancer drugs.Chapter 2: Drug Delivery applications of chitin and chitosan.Chapter 3: Gene delivery applications of chitin and chitosan.Chapter 4: Biological activities of Marine biopolymers.Chapter 5: Applications of nano form of biopolymers.Chapter 6: Nanocomposites and nanoparticles of biopolymers in bio-nano-technology.Chapter 7: Antimicrobial activity of marine biopolymers.Chapter 8: Role of Alginate in drug delivery applications.Chapter 9: Application of marine hydroxyapatite scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.Chapter 10: Modified marine polysaccharides and Seaweads in drug delivery applications.Chapter 11: Marine biopolymers as carriers and immunoadjuvants in vaccine delivery.Chapter 12: Antidiabetic activity and anticolestic activity of marine biopolymers.Chapter 13: Antiviral activity of marine biopolymers.Chapter 14: Potential anticoagulant effect of marine derived biopolymers.Chapter 15: Marine biopolymers for antiallergic therapeutics.

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Book SynopsisDiagnostic Lymph Node Pathology presents a logical and systematic approach to lymph node biopsies and guides general pathologists and haematopathologists alike through the maze of differential diagnoses, enabling them to reach an accurate diagnosis.The book is presented in an easy-to-read format and contains boxes for quick reference detailing the clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic features of each entity. Thoroughly revised, the third edition also includes more than 300 high-quality histological colour photographs along with updated references.This edition covers both classical and less well-known features of individual disease processes. It is a valuable guide for both professionals and trainees. Trade ReviewPraise for the First Edition"... The chapters are well proportioned with succinct, lucid and reader-friendly text. The lesions are generously illustrated and all the photographs (H&E, immunostains and electron micrographs) are of superb quality."—HistopathologyTable of ContentsHandling of Lymph Node Biopsies, Diagnostic Procedures and Recognition of Lymph Node Patterns. Normal/Reactive Lymph Nodes: Structure and Cells. Reactive and Infective Lymphadenopathy. Precursor B- and T-Cell Lymphomas. Mature B-Cell Lymphomas. T-Cell Lymphomas. Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Hodgkin Lymphoma. Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms, Mastocytosis and Myeloid Sarcoma. Non-Haematolymphoid Tumours of Lymph Nodes. Needle (Trephine) Core Biopsies of Lymph Nodes. Appendix: Immunohistochemical Markers Used in Diagnosis of Lymphoproliferative Conditions.

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Book SynopsisThis edited book focuses on the latest advances and development of utilizing two-dimensional nanostructures for energy and its related applications. Traditionally, the geometry of this material refers to thin film or coating. The book covers three main parts, beginning with synthesis, processing, and property of two-dimensional nanostructures for active and passive layers followed by topics on characterization of the materials. It concludes with topics relating to utilization of the materials for usage in devises for energy and its related applications.Table of ContentsSupercapacitors and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts Based on Graphene, MoS2 and Related Layered Materials. Layer-structured Thermoelectric Materials: Fundamentals, Strategies and Progress. Thermoelectric Properties of Organic and Inorganic Materials and Cells. Graphene Applications in Optoelectronic Devices. Epitaxial Growth of III-Nitrides on Si Substrates for Highly-Efficient LED Application. Understanding the Role of CVD Nanodiamond Thin Films in Solar Energy Conversion. A Discussion on the Use of Metal-containing Diamond-like Carbon (Me-DLC) Films as Selective Solar Absorber Coatings. ZnO Thin Films: The Most Potential Semiconductor Material as Buffer Layers in Thin Film Solar Cells. Formation of Nanoporous a -Fe2O3Thin Film as Photoanode by Anodic Oxidation on Iron. Synthesis Processes, Characterization Methods and Energy Related Applications of Nano-crystalline Titanium Dioxide. Design of ZnO Nano-Architectures and Its Applications. Thermally Grown Native Oxide Thin Films on SiC. Formation, Growth Mechanism and Electronic Structures of Ge Films on Si Substrates.

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Book SynopsisThis highly comprehensive, introductory book explains the basics of structural health monitoring aspects of composite structures. This book serve as an all-in-one reference book in which the reader can receive a basic understanding of composite materials, manufacturing methods, the latest types of optical fiber sensors used for structural health monitoring of composite structures, and demonstrated applications of the use of fiber sensors in a variety of composite material structures. The content draws upon the authors' and distinguished contributors' extensive research/teaching and industrial experience to fully cover the structural health monitoring of composite materials using fiber optic sensing methods.Trade Review"A well-edited and well-titled text that offers the reader a solid and detailed reference perspective of the topics using the appropriate tools at the appropriate locations." —Noise Control Engineering Journal, May/June 2017Table of ContentsComposite Materials and Structures. Introduction to Composite Materials. Fabrication Methods of Advanced Composite Structures. Industrial Applications of Composite Materials. Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Materials and Structures: Requirements and Industry Standards. Fiber Optic Sensors for Composite Material Structures. Introduction to Fiber Optic Sensors. Fiber Optic Sensors for Composite Structures: Challenges and Requirements. Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Structures using Fiber Optic Polarimetric Sensors; Composite Materials Structural Health Monitoring using Fiber Bragg Gratings; Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Materials using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors. Fiber Optic Acoustic Sensors and its Applications in SHM of Composite Materials. Composite Materials with Embedded Micro-Structured Fiber Sensors. Smaller Diameter Optical Fiber Sensors for Automated Composite Structure Manufacturing. Demonstrated Applications of Smart Composite Structures. Optical Fiber Sensing for Aerospace Composite Structures. Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blades Using Fiber Optic Methods. Fiber Optic Structural Health Monitoring Systems for Marine Composite Structures. Civil Engineering Applications of Smart Composite Structures; Shape Adaptive Smart Composite Structures.

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Book SynopsisBrachytherapy is continuously advancing. Years of accumulated experience have led to clinical evidence of its benefit in numerous clinical sites such as gynecological, prostate, breast, rectum, ocular, and many other cancers. Brachytherapy continues to expand in its scope of practice and complexity, driven by strong academic and commercial research, by advances in competing modalities, and due to the diversity in the political and economic landscape. It is a true challenge for practicing professionals and students to readily grasp the overarching trends of the field, especially of those technologies and innovative practices that are not yet established but are certainly on the rise. Addressing this challenge, Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy presents a comprehensive collection of chapters on the latest trending/emerging technologies and expert opinions. It is divided into five broad sections: Section I: Physics of Brachytherapy SecTrade Review"Physicians, medical physicists and other members of the brachytherapy team will find this book of value. Beginning with a solid overview of the physics of available radiation sources, brachytherapy applicators, and equipment and planning methods, it looks forward to where these technologies are going and how they might best be applied. Written by international experts, it provides clear authoritative information and practical solutions as to how these methods can be applied in the clinical environment. It includes details of image guided brachytherapy suite designs from around the world, describing how leading centres have incorporated modern advanced imaging into their brachytherapy process. This book is highly readable and provides an authoritative overview of the current state of the art in brachytherapy technologies."—Gerard Morton MD FRCPC, Associate Professor, Dept of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto "Enthusiasm for brachytherapy has waxed and waned over the years with the prevalent popularity of new, external beam approaches. It now stands on the threshold of moving ahead on its own merits. Brachytherapy represents the ultimate radiation therapy, delivering the lowest possible radiation dose to normal tissues, and the highest possible dose to the target. It is now image-guided and quality-assured taking away much of the uncertainty that previously make it so operator dependent. Not only that, it is efficient, limits hospital visits, and is economically smart. These are all attractive features in an era of patient-centered medicine and medical overspending.This book looks at the many emerging technologies that make brachytherapy more attractive than ever. It is an indispensible guide to both physicists and radiation oncologists who want to take their practice to the next level. Rich as it is in exciting technical detail, it does not fail to also arm brachytherapists with the economic arguments they need to advocate for their art. "—Anthony Zietman MD, Shipley Professor of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital; Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics "Expert or novice this book has something for everyone. Enlisting an impressive array of global experts in the field it covers not only the physics basics of brachytherapy use in the modern era, but also explores it’s future. The book describes in detail the use of various imaging modalities and brachytherapy tools. It reviews strengths and weaknesses of each, and describes how modern imaging has transformed brachytherapy. For those new to brachytherapy, or seeking guidance on updating one’s practice, the book details various brachytherapy suites and practices from around the world. Reviewing the existing literature on the role of brachytherapy in various disease sites, authors give a thought-provoking comparative analysis of brachytherapy with other advanced techniques. The book is interesting and approachable with numerous quality illustrations and photos. One can refresh on the basics, refine your technique, or discover new and exciting advances in the field."—Catheryn M. Yashar, Professor, Medical Director, Assistant Vice-Chair of Clinical Affairs, and UCSD Vice Chief of Staff of the University of California, San Diego "Physicians, medical physicists and other members of the brachytherapy team will find this book of value. Beginning with a solid overview of the physics of available radiation sources, brachytherapy applicators, and equipment and planning methods, it looks forward to where these technologies are going and how they might best be applied. Written by international experts, it provides clear authoritative information and practical solutions as to how these methods can be applied in the clinical environment. It includes details of image guided brachytherapy suite designs from around the world, describing how leading centres have incorporated modern advanced imaging into their brachytherapy process. This book is highly readable and provides an authoritative overview of the current state of the art in brachytherapy technologies."—Gerard Morton MD FRCPC, Associate Professor, Dept of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto "Enthusiasm for brachytherapy has waxed and waned over the years with the prevalent popularity of new, external beam approaches. It now stands on the threshold of moving ahead on its own merits. Brachytherapy represents the ultimate radiation therapy, delivering the lowest possible radiation dose to normal tissues, and the highest possible dose to the target. It is now image-guided and quality-assured taking away much of the uncertainty that previously make it so operator dependent. Not only that, it is efficient, limits hospital visits, and is economically smart. These are all attractive features in an era of patient-centered medicine and medical overspending.This book looks at the many emerging technologies that make brachytherapy more attractive than ever. It is an indispensible guide to both physicists and radiation oncologists who want to take their practice to the next level. Rich as it is in exciting technical detail, it does not fail to also arm brachytherapists with the economic arguments they need to advocate for their art. "—Anthony Zietman MD, Shipley Professor of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital; Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics "Expert or novice this book has something for everyone. Enlisting an impressive array of global experts in the field it covers not only the physics basics of brachytherapy use in the modern era, but also explores it’s future. The book describes in detail the use of various imaging modalities and brachytherapy tools. It reviews strengths and weaknesses of each, and describes how modern imaging has transformed brachytherapy. For those new to brachytherapy, or seeking guidance on updating one’s practice, the book details various brachytherapy suites and practices from around the world. Reviewing the existing literature on the role of brachytherapy in various disease sites, authors give a thought-provoking comparative analysis of brachytherapy with other advanced techniques. The book is interesting and approachable with numerous quality illustrations and photos. One can refresh on the basics, refine your technique, or discover new and exciting advances in the field."—Catheryn M. Yashar, Professor, Medical Director, Assistant Vice-Chair of Clinical Affairs, and UCSD Vice Chief of Staff of the University of California, San Diego Table of ContentsIntroduction Sources and Loading Technologies Applicators Applicator Reconstruction Dose Calculation Dose Optimization Image Processing for Brachytherapy FMEA for Brachytherapy Real-Time In Vivo Dosimetry Quality Assurance Technologies Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) in Brachytherapy Robotics in Brachytherapy Optical Imaging and Navigation Technologies Ultrasound X-Ray and Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for Treatment Verification Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy Hospital Charles Lemoyne, Montreal, Canada Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India Institut Joliot-Curie Cancer Center, Dakar, Senegal: Implementing a Brachytherapy Program in a Resource Limited Setting EBRT or Brachytherapy? Particle Therapy or Brachytherapy? Is Brachytherapy Cost Effective? Elekta Brachytherapy Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG

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Book SynopsisAluminumâLithium Alloys: Process Metallurgy, Physical Metallurgy, and Welding provides theoretical foundations of the technological processes for melting, casting, forming, heat treatment, and welding of AlâLi alloys. It contains a critical survey of the research in the field and presents data on commercial AlâLi alloys, their phase composition, microstructure, and heat treatment of the ingots, sheets, forgings, and welds of AlâLi alloys. It details oxidation kinetics, protective alloying, hydrogen in AlâLi alloys, and crack susceptibility. It also discusses grain structure and solidification, as well as structural and mechanical properties. The book is illustrated with examples of AlâLi alloy applications in aircraft structures. Based on the vast experience of the coauthors, the book presents recommendations on solving practical problems involved with melting and casting ingots, welding of AlâLi alloys, and producing massive stampings for welded products.Provides compTrade Review"… gives a comprehensive and detailed overview about metallurgical details that are not so often shown in such books." — Matthias Knuewer, Airbus Operations GmbH, Bremen, Germany"The authors have done a stupendous job in bridging the knowledge gap in theoretical understanding of the AL-Li processes with the actual industry practices. The reader will find the treatment of molten metal quality control and its tie in with casting practice recipes to be of fundamental value. The book will become a desk reference for those metallurgists involved in the manufacturing of aerospace grade aluminum lithium alloys as well as a course book for students of aluminum cast house Technology for reactive alloys." —Ravi Tilak, Almex USA, Inc., Buena Park, California, USA"This ‘troika’ of authors has pulled together 265 references, mainly from Russian technical sources, and summarized the vast literature in eight concise and readable chapters, detailing not only the theoretical basis of Al-Li alloying but all the practical aspects of their production and fabrication." —Light Metal Age, December 2016Table of ContentsBrief History of Aluminum–Lithium Alloy Creation. Theoretical Basis of Aluminum–Lithium Alloying with Controlled Lithium Content and Metallic and Nonmetallic Impurities. Hydrogen in Aluminum–Lithium Alloys. Crack Susceptibility and Peculiarities of Casting Aluminum–Lithium Alloy Billets. Aluminum–Lithium Alloy Grain Structure Solidification Conditions and Peculiarities. Excess Hetero-Phasicity in 1420 Alloy Billets and Its Hereditary Influence on the Structure, Properties, and Weldability of Semifinished Products. Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Weldability of Alloy 1420 Die Forgings of Complicated Configuration versus Initial Slab Structure and Pressure Forming Modes. Aluminum–Lithium Alloy Welding Process Features.

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Book SynopsisPolymeric foams are sturdy yet lightweight materials with applications across a variety of industries, from packaging to aerospace. As demand for these materials increase, so does innovation in the development of new processes and products. This book captures the most dynamic advances in processes, technologies, and products related to the polymeric foam market. It describes the latest business trends including new microcellular commercialization, sustainable foam products, and nanofoams. It also discusses novel processes, new and environmentally friendly blowing agents, and the development and usage of various types of foams, including bead and polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyetherimide microcellular, and nanocellular. The book also covers flame-retardant foams, rigid foam composites, and foam sandwich composites and details applications in structural engineering, electronics, and insulation. Authored by leading experts in the field, this book minimizes the gap between research aTrade Review"…not only informative, but thought-provoking. A ‘must-have’ reference to stay abreast of what is happening and emerging for polymeric foams and products." — Lih-Sheng (Tom) Turng, University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA"…contains a comprehensive literature selection and very scientific descriptions for current approaches in foaming. Furthermore, the most recent developments in foam technology like foam extrusion and bead foaming of Polylactide (PLA) as well as nanocellular foams are part of the book. In general, the selection of topics is very meaningful and scientifically and technically highly relevant."—Volker Altstädt, University of Bayreuth, Germany"…features a comprehensive introduction…on state-of-the-art developments related to polymer foams and some emerging technologies as well as a future outlook, followed by product developments and material-specific foams and simulation….A "must-have" reference to stay abreast of what is happening and emerging for polymeric foams and products."—Lih-Sheng (Tom) Turng, University of Wisconsin-MadisonTable of ContentsIntroduction. Microcellular Polypropylene Foam. Preparation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Foams Using Supercritical CO2 as Blowing Agent. Formation Mechanism and Tuning for Bimodal Cell Structure in Foams by Synergistic Effect of Temperature Rising and Depressurization with Supercritical CO2. Extrusion Foaming of Polylactide. Innovative PLA Bead Foam Technology. Nanocellular Foams. Rigid Structural Foam and Foam-Cored Sandwich Composites. Microcellular Polyimide Foams: Fabrication and Characterization. Recent Innovations in Thermoplastic Foams. Advanced CAE Technology for Microcellular Injection Molding.

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Book SynopsisSerotonin and Melatonin: Their Functional Role in Plants, Food, Phytomedicine, and Human Health highlights the significance of the plant sources of serotonin and melatonin in the fields of medicine, agriculture, and food science. Over the last few decades, an enormous amount of research data has been generated on these two neurotransmitters/plant signalers. This book covers topics regarding the occurrence of serotonin and melatonin in medicinal plants and food value plants with their implications for human health, the role of serotonin and melatonin in plant growth development, functions of melatonin and serotonin in the environmental adaptation of plants, and the implications of these molecules in human disorders and treatments. This volume should appeal to scientists and other professionals engaged in basic and applied research on the relevance of serotonin and melatonin to plants, animals, and humans. Features ReviTrade Review"Despite the book’s size, the editors and publisher have kept the text accessible by adhering to a common format throughout. Each review chapter was written to stand alone and all 36 chapters include lists of contents and abbreviations, abstract, keywords, and reference section in addition to the main text. The book is organized logically, beginning with basic information about discoveries and derivations of serotonin and melatonin, continuing with contemporary approaches for detecting these two indoleamines, and ending with prevailing hypotheses and future directions for basic and applied research into linkages between plants and human health. The editors appear to have accomplished their stated aim, namely, to consolidate existing understanding of serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis." -- Wendy L. Applequist, Book Review Editor for Economic Botany. "Despite the book’s size, the editors and publisher have kept the text accessible by adhering to a common format throughout. Each review chapter was written to stand alone and all 36 chapters include lists of contents and abbreviations, abstract, keywords, and reference section in addition to the main text. The book is organized logically, beginning with basic information about discoveries and derivations of serotonin and melatonin, continuing with contemporary approaches for detecting these two indoleamines, and ending with prevailing hypotheses and future directions for basic and applied research into linkages between plants and human health. The editors appear to have accomplished their stated aim, namely, to consolidate existing understanding of serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis." -- Wendy L. Applequist, Book Review Editor for Economic Botany. "This is a very nice and attractive book that tries to bring the current understanding and developments in serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis, their role in environmental adaptation in plants, and their levels in food and medicinal plants and from dietary sources to human health. All these aspects have been fully described in this book. […] The 36 chapters were written by many experts and researchers in this field. This is an excellent textbook, is very useful, and could attract a huge number of scientists. It is very organized and well written. I would like to recommend this textbook for different audiences including scientists, researchers, academicians, and professionals who are involved in plant and/or animal sciences." -- Samir A. Ross, American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy Table of ContentsPhyto-serotonin and Phyto-melatonin: Occurrence, Plant Growth and Development, Environmental Adaptations. Horticultural and Agricultural Aspects. Medicinal Plants: Occurrence and Efficacy in Humans. Food: Occurrence and Dietary Implications. Human Health: Brain, Behavior, Neurological Disorders, Sleep Disorders, Depression. Receptors, Transporters, and Signaling.

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Book SynopsisAdhesive bonding plays an increasing role in the forest product industry and is a key factor for efficiently utilizing timber and other lignocellulosic resources. As synthetic wood adhesives are mostly derived from depleting petrochemical resources and have caused increasing environmental concern, natural product and byproduct-derived adhesives have attracted much attention in the last decades. Although adhesives made from plant and animal sources have been in existence since ancient times, increased knowledge of their chemistry and improved technical formulation of their preparation are still needed to promote their broader industrial applications. The primary goals of this book are to (1) synthesize the fundamental knowledge and latest research on bio-based adhesives from a remarkable range of natural products and byproducts, (2) identify need areas and provide directions of future bio-based adhesive research, and (3) help integrating research findings in practical adhesive applicTable of ContentsPreface. About the editor. Protein-based Wood Adhesives: Current Trends of Preparation and Application. Adhesion properties of soy protein subunits and protein adhesive modification. Modification of soy-based adhesives to enhance the bonding performance. Canola protein and oil-based wood adhesives. Wood adhesives containing proteins and carbohydrates. Preparation and utilization of water washed cottonseed meal as wood adhesives. Comparative evaluation of rice bran- and corn starch-modified urea formaldehyde adhesives on improvements of environmental performance of agro-based composites. Tannins for wood adhesives, foams and composites. Utilization of citric acid in wood bonding. Synthesis of polymers from liquefied biomass and their utilization in wood bonding. Preparation, properties, and bonding utilization of pyrolysis bio-oil. Application of the rosin from White Pitch (Protium heptaphyllum) for use as wood adhesive. Effects of rheology and viscosity of biobased adhesives on bonding performance. Effects of nano-materials on different properties of wood-composite materials. Bio-based wood adhesives research: advances and outlooks. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the role of modeling in the design of alloys and intermetallic compounds. It includes an introduction to the most important and most used modeling techniques, such as CALPHAD and ab-initio methods, as well as a section devoted to the latest developments in applications of alloys. The book emphasizes the correlation between modeling and technological developments while discussing topics such as wettability of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics by metals, active brazing of diamonds to metals in cutting tools, surface issues in medicine, novel Fe-based superconductors, metallic glasses, high entropy alloys, and thermoelectric materials.Table of ContentsModeling Techniques and Prediction of Properties. Computational Thermodynamics: From Experiments to Applications. Thermophysical Properties of Metallic Alloys from Ab Initio Methods and Applications to Thermodynamic Modeling. The Formation Volume in Rare Earth Intermetallic Systems: A Representation by Means of Atomic Physical Quantities. Role of Modeling on the Design of Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds. Metal-Ceramic Interactions in Brazing Ultra High Temperature Diboride Ceramics. Metal Surfaces in Medicine: Current Knowledge of Properties, Modeling and Biological Response. Fe-based Superconductors: Crystallochemistry, Band Structure and Phase Diagrams. Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Highly Disordered Fe-based Frank Kasper-Phases in View of First Principles Calculation and Experimental Study. Atomistic Modeling to Design Favored Compositions for the Metallic Glass Formation. Shape Memory Alloys: Constitutive Modeling and Engineering Simulations. Prediction of the Thermoelectric Properties of Half-Heusler Phases from the Density Functional Theory. Skutterudites for Thermoelectric Applications: Properties, Synthesis and Modeling.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the broad field of cellular, molecular, preclinical, and clinical imaging either associated with or combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT). It showcases how this approach is used clinically for cancer, infections, and diseases characterized by unwanted tissue such as atherosclerosis or blindness. Because the photosensitizers are also fluorescent, the book also addresses various imaging systems such as confocal microscopy and small animal imaging systems, and highlights how they have been used to follow and optimize treatment, and to answer important mechanistic questions. Chapters also discuss how imaging has made important contributions to clinical outcomes in skin, bladder, and brain cancers, as well as in the development of theranostic agents for detection and treatment of disease. This book provides a resource for physicians and research scientists in cell biology, microscopy, optics, molecular imaging, oncology, and drug discovery.Trade Review"The editors have skillfully compiled a wide and comprehensive spectrum from contributors around the world on up-to-date imaging technologies for photodynamic therapy (PDT), with a wealth of clinical images." –Optics & Photonics News"The editors have skillfully compiled a wide and comprehensive spectrum from contributors around the world on up-to-date imaging technologies for photodynamic therapy (PDT), with a wealth of clinical images." –Optics & Photonics NewsTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION. Looking out the optical window: Physical principles and instrumentation of imaging in photodynamic therapy. Photochemistry and photophysics of PDT and photosensitizers. IN VITRO MICROSCOPY FOR PHOTOSENSITIZER LOCALIZATION IN CELLS. Phthalocyanines in photodynamic therapy. Singlet oxygen luminescence imaging: A prospective tool in bioscience? Microbial biofilms and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. High-content imaging for photosensitizer screening. IN VITRO MICROSCOPY OF CELL DAMAGE AND DEATH PROCESSES AFTER PDT. Enhanced efficacy of photodynamic therapy via an iron–lysosome–mitochondria connection: Studies with phthalocyanine 4. Role of cell death pathways in response to photodynamic therapy in gliomas. In search of specific PDT photosensitizers: Subcellular localization and cell death pathways. THERANOSTIC AGENTS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY. Quantum dots in PDT. Tetrapyrrole-based theranostic combinations of photodynamic action and magnetic resonance imaging. Theranostic applications of photodynamic molecular beacons. Tumor-specific imaging and photodynamic therapy targeting the urokinase receptor. SMALL ANIMAL IMAGING. Vascular imaging in photodynamic therapy. Photosensitizer activity imaging on the microscopic scale. Bioluminescence imaging for monitoring the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy for infections in animal models. CLINICAL IMAGING. Imaging of photosensitizers in skin. Brain tumor imaging with ALA. PDT of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with Hexylester Aminolevulinate: Optimization of the illumination wavelengths by fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. Endoscopic imaging and photodynamic therapy. Spectroscopic imaging in prostate PDT. Fluorescent-guided resection in clinical oncology.

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Book SynopsisThis book reviews advances in important and practically relevant homogeneous catalytic transformations, such as single-site olefin polymerizations and chemo- and stereo-selective oxidations. Close attention is paid to the experimental investigation of the active sites of catalytic oxidation systems and their mechanisms. Major subjects include the applications of NMR and EPR spectroscopic techniques and data obtained by other physical methods. The book addresses a broad readership and focus on widespread techniques available in labs with NMR and EPR spectrometers.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Basic principles of EPR and NMR spectroscopy. The main parameters characterizing EPR spectra. The main parameters characterizing NMR spectra. Applications of EPR spectroscopy. What we learn from the EPR spectra of organic radicals. What we learn from the EPR spectra of transition metal catalysts. What we learn from the NMR spectra of transition metal catalysts.

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Book SynopsisSurface Phenomena in the Structural and Mechanical Behaviour of Solid Polymers explores the role of various surface phenomena in the structural and mechanical behaviour of amorphous and semicrystalline polymers. This book: Discusses the development of the interfacial surface in the deformation of polymers Examines the healing of interfacial surfaces in polymers Inspects the structure and properties of polymers in thin films and surface layers Evaluates the mechanism of inelastic deformation in glassy amorphous polymers Investigates strain softening and the phenomena taking place upon deformation of polymers in active liquid media Covers the Rehbinder effect, or the adsorption reduction of the strength of solids Describes the properties of polymers in environmental or solvent crazing Analyses the interaction of the highly developed surface of crazed polymers with diverse low- and high-molecular masTable of ContentsDevelopment of the interfacial surface in deformation of polymers. Healing of the interfacial surface in polymer systems. Special features of the structure and properties of surface layers and thin (nanometric) films of glassy polymers. Role of surface phenomena in shear yielding of glassy polymers. Role of surface phenomena in strain softening of glassy and crystalline polymers. Role of surface phenomena in deformation of polymers in active liquid media. The structure and properties of crazed polymers. Multiphase nanodispersed systems based on crazed polymers. Instability and self-organisation of polymer surfaces. Evaluation of the structural and mechanical properties of nanometric surface layers. Natural systems constructed on the basis of the ‘a rigid coating on a soft substratum’ principle. Perspectives for the practical application of surface phenomena in solid polymers.

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Book SynopsisInnovation through specific and rational design and functionalization has led to the development of a wide range of mesoporous materials with varying morphologies (hexagonal, cubic, rod-like), structures (silicates, carbons, metal oxides), and unique functionalities (doping, acid functionalization) that currently makes this field one of the most exciting in materials science and energy applications. This book focuses primarily on the rapid progress in their application in energy conversion and storage technologies, including supercapacitor, Li-ion battery, fuel cells, solar cells, and photocatalysis (water splitting) and will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the fieldTable of ContentsFunctional mesoporous carbons from template methods for energy storage and conversion. Nanoporous carbon for capacitive energy storage. Mesoporous structured materials as new proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Mesoporous structured electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Mesoporous materials for batteries. Recent advances in mesoporous materials for lithium batteries. Controlling the photoanode mesostructure for dye-sensitized and perovskite-sensitized solar cells.

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Book SynopsisHydrogels are crosslinked, macromolecular polymeric materials arranged in a three-dimensional network, which can absorb and retain large amounts of water. Hydrogels are commonly used in clinical practice and experimental medicine for a wide range of applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, diagnostics, cellular immobilization, separation of biomolecules or cells, and barrier materials to regulate biological adhesions. This book elucidates the underlying concepts and emerging applications of hydrogels and will provide key case studies and critical analysis of the existing research.Table of ContentsMicroarchitecture of Water Confined in Hydrogels. The Fate of Thixotropy in Hydrogels. Hydrogel Network Parameters. Mechanisms of drug release from hydrogels in medical applications. Hydrogel Coatings for Medical Device Applications. Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration: An Overview. Hydrogels in Wound Management. Hydrogels for Imaging, Sensing and Diagnostics. Engineering Hyaluronan (HA) Hydrogels with Bioactive and Mechanical Signals. Hydrogel Nanomaterials for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. Silk Hydrogels for Drug and Cell Delivery. In-Situ Forming Phase-inversion Injectable Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Release. Transdermal Applications of Hydrogels. Preparation of Photocurable Hydrogels. Stimuli-Responsive Biomolecular Hydrogels for Medical Applications. Bioengineering Complexity and Tuneability in Hydrogels. Synthetic hydrogels for 3D cell culture.

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Book SynopsisSpace weather is one of the most significant natural hazards to human life and health. Conditions of the sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems. If conditions in the space environment are adverse, they can cause disruption of satellite operations, communications, navigation, and electric power distribution grids, leading to a variety of socioeconomic losses. This book provides an overview of our current knowledge and theoretical understanding of space weather formation and covers all major topics of this phenomena, from the sun to the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere, thus providing a fully updated review of this rapidly advancing field. The book brings together an outstanding team of internationally recognised contributors to cover topics such as solar wind, the earth''s magnetic field, radiation belts, the aurora, spacecraft charging,Table of ContentsSpace Weather Drivers. Sun. Solar Wind. Earth’s Magnetic Field. Solar Wind Magnetosphere Interaction. The Magnetosheath and its Boundaries. Magnetic Reconnection. Magnetospheric Electric Fields and Current Systems. Geomagnetic Tail-Inner Magnetosphere Coupling. Ring Current. Radiation Belts. Plasmasphere. Polar Wind. "Imaging" the Aurora: Understanding Space Weather in the Upper Atmosphere. Ionospheric Electrodynamics. Simulating Space Weather. Space Weather and the Extra-Terrestrial Planets. Space Weather Applications. Spacecraft Charging. Orbital Drag. Space Weather Effects on Communication and Navigation.

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Book SynopsisDNA Nanoscience: From Prebiotic Origins to Emerging Nanotechnology melds two tales of DNA. One is a look at the first 35 years of DNA nanotechnology to better appreciate what lies ahead in this emerging field. The other story looks back 4 billion years to the possible origins of DNA which are shrouded in mystery. The book is divided into three parts comprised of 15 chapters and two Brief Interludes.Part I includes subjects underpinning the book such as a primer on DNA, the broader discipline of nanoscience, and experimental tools used by the principals in the narrative. Part II examines the field of structural DNA nanotechnology, founded by biochemist/crystallographer Nadrian Seeman, that uses DNA as a construction material for nanoscale structures and devices, rather than as a genetic material. Part III looks at the work of physicists Noel Clark and Tommaso Bellini who found that short DNA (nanoDNA) forms liquid crystals that act as a structural gatTrade Review‘DNA Nanoscience takes us on a journey into the future, where sub-microscopic gadgets built from DNA may be used to detect specific molecules one-at-a-time or to deliver therapeutic drugs specifically to cancer cells. Looking in the other direction, the journey takes us back 4 billion years to a time when the self-organization of DNA into liquid crystals may have facilitated the reproduction of what would become our genetic material, arguably the key step in the origin of life.DNA Nanoscience is scholarly and full of technical figures. But the science is accompanied by clear explanations that make it accessible to college student and science-savvy citizens. It is a pleasure to find a book that is so true to the science while being so enjoyable to read.’– Thomas R. CechDistinguished Professor, University of Colorado-Boulder; Director, BioFrontiers Institute; Nobel Laureate (Chemistry 1989).‘Douglas’ DNA Nanoscience is something of a miracle.’– Stuart KauffmanEmeritus Professor Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania; Affiliate Professor, The Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle; Author of At Home in the Universe.‘This book changed my life. Every seven years, as my sabbatical approaches, I search about for a new direction to focus my research and Ken Douglas’ book, DNA Nanoscience, appeared just in time.’– Seth FradenProfessor of Physics; Director, The Bioinspired Soft Materials Center, Brandeis University.‘Instructive like a textbook and exciting like a novel! For everybody interested in modern natural sciences, this book is a must to read.’– Andreas HerrmannProfessor of Polymer Chemistry and Bioengineering; Chair of the Board, The Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen, The Netherlands.‘To sum up, this is both a lively and profound book, the reading of which I strongly recommend.’– Jacques ProstDirector Emeritus of CNRS (Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique) at Institut Curie, Paris; Distinguished Professor, National University of Singapore.‘This book tells a fascinating new story about DNA. The subject matter also stretches as needed into biology to teach basic ideas about cell membranes and metabolism. It provides a wonderful taste of DNA nanoscience at the research frontier.’– Arjun G. YodhJames M. Skinner Professor of Science, Endowed Chair; Director, PENN Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania.‘The only way that the general public will continue to trust the proclamation of the scientific establishment is through books like this one – where the foibles and fears and eccentricities of the scientists are shown to be the same as those of the artist, musician and businessman. Scientists are just artists who want to work with mother nature, without the freedom to make up new worlds as we go along. The real world is magical enough for them.’– Joseph A. Zasadzinski3M Harry Heltzer Chair in Multidisciplinary Science and Technology; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota.'The book’s eclectic and elaborate vision, looking back to the ancient past and forward to the equally unknowable future sets Douglas’ DNA Nanoscience apart from other attempts to present DNA nanoscience.... Written in beautiful prose and richly illustrated with over 200 full-color figures ... it also serves as a bird’s-eye survey for a more general readership, viz., for those in the public who are curious and enjoy thinking. These citizens are aware of DNA nanoscience snippets making it into the daily news but would like to acquire a deeper, more meaningful and thorough understanding of what the fuss is all about.Douglas’ book DNA Nanoscience: From Prebiotic Origins to Emerging Nanotechnology covers an astoundingly broad ground.... By writing this book on the emerging field of DNA nanoscience Kenneth Douglas has thus done a double service—to science as well as to its public image. I believe that the reception of the book will do justice to the meticulous research and artistry of this tome.'– Rudolf Podgornik (Jožef Stefan Institute)Journal of Biological Physics (August 2016), DOI: 10.1007/s10867-016-9425-4.‘DNA Nanoscience takes us on a journey into the future, where sub-microscopic gadgets built from DNA may be used to detect specific molecules one-at-a-time or to deliver therapeutic drugs specifically to cancer cells. Looking in the other direction, the journey takes us back 4 billion years to a time when the self-organization of DNA into liquid crystals may have facilitated the reproduction of what would become our genetic material, arguably the key step in the origin of life.DNA Nanoscience is scholarly and full of technical figures. But the science is accompanied by clear explanations that make it accessible to college student and science-savvy citizens. It is a pleasure to find a book that is so true to the science while being so enjoyable to read.’– Thomas R. CechDistinguished Professor, University of Colorado-Boulder; Director, BioFrontiers Institute; Nobel Laureate (Chemistry 1989).‘Douglas’ DNA Nanoscience is something of a miracle.’– Stuart KauffmanEmeritus Professor Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania; Affiliate Professor, The Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle; Author of At Home in the Universe.‘This book changed my life. Every seven years, as my sabbatical approaches, I search about for a new direction to focus my research and Ken Douglas’ book, DNA Nanoscience, appeared just in time.’– Seth FradenProfessor of Physics; Director, The Bioinspired Soft Materials Center, Brandeis University.‘Instructive like a textbook and exciting like a novel! For everybody interested in modern natural sciences, this book is a must to read.’– Andreas HerrmannProfessor of Polymer Chemistry and Bioengineering; Chair of the Board, The Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen, The Netherlands.‘To sum up, this is both a lively and profound book, the reading of which I strongly recommend.’– Jacques ProstDirector Emeritus of CNRS (Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique) at Institut Curie, Paris; Distinguished Professor, National University of Singapore.‘This book tells a fascinating new story about DNA. The subject matter also stretches as needed into biology to teach basic ideas about cell membranes and metabolism. It provides a wonderful taste of DNA nanoscience at the research frontier.’– Arjun G. YodhJames M. Skinner Professor of Science, Endowed Chair; Director, PENN Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania.‘The only way that the general public will continue to trust the proclamation of the scientific establishment is through books like this one – where the foibles and fears and eccentricities of the scientists are shown to be the same as those of the artist, musician and businessman. Scientists are just artists who want to work with mother nature, without the freedom to make up new worlds as we go along. The real world is magical enough for them.’Joseph A. Zasadzinski3M Harry Heltzer Chair in Multidisciplinary Science and Technology; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota.'The book’s eclectic and elaborate vision, looking back to the ancient past and forward to the equally unknowable future sets Douglas’ DNA Nanoscience apart from other attempts to present DNA nanoscience.... Written in beautiful prose and richly illustrated with over 200 full-color figures ... it also serves as a bird’s-eye survey for a more general readership, viz., for those in the public who are curious and enjoy thinking. These citizens are aware of DNA nanoscience snippets making it into the daily news but would like to acquire a deeper, more meaningful and thorough understanding of what the fuss is all about.Douglas’ book DNA Nanoscience: From Prebiotic Origins to Emerging Nanotechnology covers an astoundingly broad ground.... By writing this book on the emerging field of DNA nanoscience Kenneth Douglas has thus done a double service—to science as well as to its public image. I believe that the reception of the book will do justice to the meticulous research and artistry of this tome.'– Rudolf Podgornik (Jožef Stefan Institute)Journal of Biological Physics (August 2016), DOI: 10.1007/s10867-016-9425-4.Table of ContentsA Note to the ReaderPrefaceAuthor BiographyAcknowledgmentsINTRODUCTION: Grandma Needs a WalkerPART I — The Story Line and Its UnderpinningsCHAPTER ONE — Down the Road and the GemischDramatis Personae, Part I: Nadrian SeemanMolecular Crystals—Inspiration from EscherPerspiration and ReinventionDramatis Personae, Part II: Noel Clark, Tommaso BelliniLiquid Crystals and Self-AssemblySeeman, Bellini and Clark, and Base ComplementarityConventional Wisdom and an Alternative ViewEndnotesCHAPTER TWO — DNA: The Molecule That Makes Life Work—and MoreErwin ChargaffRosalind FranklinJames Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice WilkinsDNA SequencingPolyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)DNA SynthesisExercises for Chapter TwoEndnotesCHAPTER THREE — Travels to the NanoworldThe Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)Moving Atoms With an STMStanding WavesQuantum CorralsNanomethodologySpherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs)Biodiagnostic Detection Using SNAsExercises for Chapter ThreeEndnotesCHAPTER FOUR—Liquid Crystals: Nature’s Delicate Phase of MatterPhase TransitionsClasses of Liquid CrystalsCell Membranes and the Langmuir TroughMicellesLiquid Crystal DisplaysExercises for Chapter FourEndnotesCHAPTER FIVE — Tools of the TradePolarized Light MicroscopyLiquid Crystal Texture Seen Through a Depolarized Light MicroscopeTransmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)X-Ray Diffraction and Bragg’s LawThe Phase ProblemSynchrotron X-Ray DiffractionExercises for Chapter FiveEndnotesPART II — The Emerging Technology: Nanomaterials Constructed From DNACHAPTER SIX — The Three Pillars of Structural DNA NanotechnologyBranched DNA and DNA JunctionsSticky EndsImmobile Four-Arm DNA JunctionTwo-Dimensional Ligation of DNA JunctionsDeconstruction of Concatenated Nucleic Acid JunctionsMacrocyclesThree-Dimensional Constructions and CatenanesThe DNA CubeExercises for Chapter SixEndnotesCHAPTER SEVEN — Motif Generation, Sequence Design, Nanomechanical DevicesFlexible Junctions ReduxThe Double-Crossover (DX) MoleculeDesign and Self-Assembly of Two-Dimensional DNA CrystalsTwo-Dimensional Nanoparticle ArraysSequence DesignNanomechanical DevicesExercises for Chapter SevenEndnotesCHAPTER EIGHT—DNA Origami, DNA BricksScaffolded DNA OrigamiDNA Origami PatternsStrand Invasion also called Strand DisplacementDNA Origami With Complex Curvatures in Three DimensionsDNA Tiles in Two DimensionsDNA Bricks in Three DimensionsDNA Brick Shapes in Three DimensionsDNA Brick CrystalsSeeman, Rothemund, and YinExercises for Chapter EightEndnotesCHAPTER NINE — DNA Assembly Line and the Triumph of Tensegrity TrianglesDNA Nanoscale Assembly Line (Overview)DNA WalkersDNA Machines and Paranemic Crossover MoleculesDNA Cassette With Robot Arm and DNA Origami TrackDNA Assembly LineThe Triumph of Tensegrity TrianglesExercises for Chapter NineEndnotesBRIEF INTERLUDE I — Back to MethuselahMolecular-Scale WeavingMoors and Crossover MoleculesTensegrity SculptingMayan Pottery, Chirality, and the Handedness of LifeEndnotesCHAPTER TEN — DNA Nanotechnology Meets the Real WorldCell Membrane ChannelsSynthetic Membrane Channels via DNA NanotechnologyCurrent GatingChannels as Single-Molecule SensorsMolecular Nanorobots Built by DNA Origami: Cell-Targeted Drug DeliveryTests of Nanorobot FunctionTest of Binding Discrimination: Healthy Cells vs. Leukemia Cells (NK Cells)Exercises for Chapter TenEndnotesPART III — The Possible Origins of Life’s Information CarrierCHAPTER ELEVEN — Chance FindingsOnsager’s Criterion for an Isotropic-Nematic Liquid Crystal Phase TransitionNanoDNA Seems to Violate Onsager’s Venerable CriterionThe DetailsShifting GearsPhase Separation into Liquid Crystal DropletsThe Depletion InteractionFlory’s ModelExercises for Chapter ElevenEndnotesCHAPTER TWELVE — Unexpected ConsequencesHierarchical Self-AssemblyNanoRNABlunt Ends and Sticky EndsBase Stacking ForcesThe Scope of the Self-Assembly Mechanisms of Nucleic AcidsRandom-Sequence NanoDNAThe Strange World of Random-Sequence NanoDNALiquid Crystal Ordering of Random-Sequence NanoDNANon-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics: Kinetic Arrest and Nonergodic BehaviorExercises for Chapter TwelveEndnotesCHAPTER THIRTEEN — Ligation: Blest be the Tie That BindsNanoDNA Stacking: Weak Physical Attractive Forces vs. Chemical LigationAbiotic Ligation Experiments with EDCThe Scheme: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Induced Phase SeparationGel Electrophoresis of D1p Oligomers With Polyacrylamide and Agarose GelsAnother Stellar Contribution by Chemist Paul J. FloryAnalysis of Gel Profiles: The Experimental Data is Well Described by the Flory ModelThe Lowdown on Ligation EfficiencyThe Liquid Crystal Phase as GatekeeperCascaded Phase SeparationExercises for Chapter ThirteenEndnotesBRIEF INTERLUDE II — The Handedness of LifeChiralityLife is HomochiralMacroscopic Chiral Helical Precession of Molecular OrientationBellini and Clark Examine NanoDNA ChiralityA Lighter Take on ChiralityExercises for Brief Interlude IIEndnotesCHAPTER FOURTEEN — All the World’s a Stage and Life’s a Play—Did it Arise From Clay?Emergence and ComplexityMiller-Urey ExperimentRNA World HypothesisOther Plausible VenuesReplicator-First vs. Metabolism-FirstFeats of ClayThe Lipid WorldLiquid Crystals in the Work of Deamer and the Work of Bellini/ClarkManfred Eigen and Stuart KauffmanExercises for Chapter FourteenEndnotesCHAPTER FIFTEEN — The Passover Question: Why is This Origins Proposal Different From All Other Proposals?Emergence and Broken SymmetryAbout-FaceOccam’s RazorThe RNA World RevisitedSticky Business, Part I: What Constitutes Plausible Prebiotic Conditions?Sticky Business, Part II: The Origins Question—Whose Home Turf Is It?Discovering the Physical Processes that Enabled the Chemistry of LifeMetabolism-First RevisitedComputer Simulations and Mathematical ModelingAn Ancient "Liquid Crystal World"EndnotesEpilogueAPPENDIX — Texture of Liquid Crystal Optical ImagesSmectic Phase Liquid Crystal TextureBent-Core MoleculesExtinction BrushesChiral Nematic Texture of NanoDNA Liquid CrystalsColumnar Texture of NanoDNA Liquid CrystalsEndnotesGlossaryIndex

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Book SynopsisThe book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field.  Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword)A skyrmion is a tiny region of reversed magnetization quasiparticles since they are not present except in a magnetic state, and also give rise to physics that cannot be described by Maxwell's equations. These particles are fascinating subjects for theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, as a new type of magnetic domain structure with special topological structures, skyrmions feature outstanding magnetic and transport properties and may well have applications in data storage and other advanced spintronic devices, as readers will see in this book. Chapters address the relationships between physical propertiesTrade Review"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." — Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword)"this is the first book that covers the concepts and features of magnetic skyrmions in such a systematic and comprehensive manner…. This publication is suitable for readers who are interested in condensed-matter physics, especially magnetism and electronics, both at an undergraduate and postgraduate level. It also can provide good guidance to those starting research on magnetic skyrmions." — MRS Bulletin (Aug 2017)"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." — Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword)"this is the first book that covers the concepts and features of magnetic skyrmions in such a systematic and comprehensive manner…. This publication is suitable for readers who are interested in condensed-matter physics, especially magnetism and electronics, both at an undergraduate and postgraduate level. It also can provide good guidance to those starting research on magnetic skyrmions." — MRS Bulletin (Aug 2017)Table of ContentsTopological structure and properties. Breathing modes of confined skyrmions . Topology of magnetic domains. Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya interaction (DMI). From magnetic vortex to magnetic skyrmion. Skyrmion state in liquid crystal and cubic helimagnet films. Skyrmion spin texture using resonant soft x-ray scattering. Chiral Magnetic Domain Wall Structure in Epitaxial Multilayers. Experimental observations and materials. Formation and stability of skyrmions in low dimensional helimagnets. Creation and Dynamics of Individual Skyrmions in Helimagnets. Manipulation of magnetic skyrmions with spin-polarized STM. Chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic films for magnetic storage technologies. Simulations of skyrmion manipulation in confined geometries. Dynamics of Skyrmionic Spin Structures. Novel topological resonant excitations of coupled skyrmions in Co/Ru/Co nanodisks. Multiple-q States and the Skyrmion Lattice of the Triangular-Lattice. Heisenberg Antiferromagnet under Magnetic Field. Current-Induced Dynamics of Magnetic Skyrmion in Chiral Magnets. Dynamical magnetic skyrmions. Giant Skyrmions Stabilized by Dipole-Dipole Interactions in Thin Ferromagnetic Films. Zero-field stability, hysteretic behavior, and reversal mechanism of skyrmionic textures in nanostructures. Ground state, collective mode, phase soliton and vortex in multiband superconductors. Emerging applications. Current-induced magnetic skyrmions oscillator. Race-track application. Electrical Creation and Manipulation of Magnetic Skyrmion Bubbles. Guiding skyrmion motion on a track. Magnetic Vortex Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications. Rotating skyrmion lattices by spin torques and field or temperature gradients. Artificial Skyrmions

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, novel families of materials have been discovered and significant improvements in classical thermoelectric materials have been made. Thermoelectric generators are now being used to harvest industrial heat waste and convert it into electricity. This is being utilized in communal incinerators, large smelters, and cement plants. Leading car and truck companies are developing thermoelectric power generators to collect heat from the exhaust systems of gasoline and diesel engines. Additionally, thermoelectric coolers are being used in a variety of picnic boxes, vessels used to transport transplant organs, and in air-conditioned seats of mid-size cars. Consisting of twenty-one chapters written by top researchers in the field, this book explores the major advancements being made in the material aspects of thermoelectricity and provides a critical assessment in regards to the broadening of application opportunities for thermoelectric energy conversion. Table of ContentsDiscovery and Design of New Thermoelectric Materials. Tetradymites: Bi2Te3-Related Materials. Growth and Transport Properties of Tetradymite Thin Films. All-Scale Hierarchical PbTe: From Nanostructuring to a Panoscopic Material. Thermoelectric Properties of Magnesium Silicide–Based Solid Solutions and Higher Manganese Silicides. Clathrate-Based Thermoelectrics. Advances in Nanostructured Half-Heusler Alloys for Thermoelectric Applications. Thermoelectric Properties of Cu2−δX (X = S, Se, and Te). BiCuSeO: A Promising Thermoelectric Material. Phase Diagram Study in n-CoSb3 Skutterudites. Chain-Forming A3MPn3 and A5M2Pn6 Zintl Phases. Thallium-Based Chalcogenides as Thermoelectrics. Higher Manganese Silicides. Boron-Based Materials. Complex Chalcogenides: Pseudo-Hollandites, Structures and Properties. Tetrahedrites: Earth-Abundant Thermoelectric Materials with Intrinsically Low Thermal Conductivity. Organic Thermoelectric Materials. Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Superlattice Materials. Recent Progress in Skutterudites. SHS-Processed Thermoelectric Materials. Prospective Thermoelectrics among Topological Insulators.

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Book SynopsisAutomotive manufacturers are required to decrease CO2 emissions and increase fuel economy while assuring driver comfort and safety. In recent years, there has been rapid development in the application of lightweight and sustainable materials in the automotive industry to help meet these criteria. This book provides critical reviews and the latest research results of various lightweight and sustainable materials in automotive applications. It discusses current applications and future trends of lightweight materials in the automotive area. While there are a few books published mainly focusing on automotive applications of metallic lightweight materials, to date there is no available book focusing on a broad spectrum of lightweight materials, including metal, plastic, composites, bio-fiber, bio-polymer, carbon fiber, glass fiber, nanomaterials, rubber materials, and foaming materials, as this work does. The book also includes case studies of commercial lightweight automotiveTrade Review"...covers current applications and future trends relating to this field. The contents are contemporary and relevant, and the authors are highly qualified and well-known names in the field of sustainable composites and biocomposites."—Hom Nath Dhakal, University of Portsmouth, England"Excellent overview of the different lightweight materials and their sustainability. A must for every researcher and user in the automotive applications area."— Daniel Schwendemann, University of Applied Science Eastern Switzerland"...covers current applications and future trends relating to this field. The contents are contemporary and relevant, and the authors are highly qualified and well-known names in the field of sustainable composites and biocomposites."—Hom Nath Dhakal, University of Portsmouth, England"Excellent overview of the different lightweight materials and their sustainability. A must for every researcher and user in the automotive applications area."— Daniel Schwendemann, University of Applied Science Eastern SwitzerlandTable of ContentsNatural Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite. Natural Fiber Reinforced Thermosets Composite. Wood Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic and Thermosets Composites. Bio-Based Thermoplastic and Thermosets Polymer. Bio-Based EPDM Rubber and Sustainable EPDM Compounding. Carbon Fiber Composite Materials. Glass Fiber Composite Materials. Lightweight Nanocomposite Materials. Tribology of Aluminum and Aluminum Matrix Composite Materials. Magnesium and Its Alloys. Thermoplastic Foams: An Automotive Perspective. Lightweight Thermosets Foams. Lifecycle Assessment of Lightweight Materials for Automotive Applications. Case Studies - Sustainable and Lightweight Automotive Parts via Injection Molding.

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Book SynopsisExplore a Kinetic Approach to the Description of Nucleation An Alternative to the Classical Nucleation TheoryKinetic Theory of Nucleation presents an alternative to the classical theory of nucleation in gases and liquidsthe kinetic nucleation theory of RuckensteinNarsimhanNowakowski (RNNT). RNNT uses the kinetic theory of fluids to calculate the rate of evaporation of molecules from clusters, and unlike the classical nucleation theory (CNT), does not require macroscopic thermodynamics or the detailed balance principle. The book compares the rates of evaporation of molecules fromand condensation onthe surface of a nucleus of a new phase, and explains how this alternate approach can provide much higher nucleation rates than the CNT. It applies RNNT to various case studies that include the liquid-to-solid and vapor-to-liquid phase transitions, binary nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation, nucleation on soluble particles and protein foldTrade Review"The book covers a wide range of aspects of nucleation. It forms a critical mass by presenting so many issues in one place."—Abraham Marmur, Technion –Israel Institute of Technology"… well written and provides deep insight into the nucleation theory. … a fantastic tool for understanding the modern way of describing various processes of nucleation."—Reinhard Miller, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany"This book represents a comprehensive collection of the seminal papers on the nucleation phenomena published over the years by Professor Eli Ruckenstein and his coworkers…The book provides an indispensable resource of brilliantly written papers, each of which contains original ideas and methods. Reading these papers will help young researchers to better understand the methodology of science and learn the principles of the kinetic theory, which can be applied to diverse interfacial phenomena in nature, technology, and medicine."—Alexander V. Neimark, Ph.D, D.Sc., Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA Table of ContentsKINETIC THEORY OF LIQUID-TO-SOLID NUCLEATION. KINETIC THEORY OF VAPOR-TO-LIQUID NUCLEATION. APPLICATION OF THE KINETIC NUCLEATION THEORY TO PROTEIN FOLDING. KINETICS OF CLUSTER GROWTH ON A LATTICE.

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to provide a broad conceptual and theoretical perspective of apparel manufacturing process starting from raw material selection to packaging and dispatch of goods. Further, engineering practices followed in an apparel industry for production planning and control, line balancing, implementation of industrial engineering concepts in apparel manufacturing, merchandising activities and garment costing have been included, and they will serve as a foundation for future apparel professionals. The book addresses the technical aspects in each section of garment manufacturing process with considered quality aspects. This book also covers the production planning process and production balancing activities.It addresses the technical aspects in each section of garment manufacturing process and quality aspects to be considered in each process. Garment engineering questions each process/operation of the total work content and can reduce the work content and increase profitabiTable of ContentsIntroduction. Pattern making. Fabric spreading & cutting. Sewing machine. Sewing thread and needles. Seams and stitches. Feed mechanisms and sewing machine attachments. Fusing, pressing and packaging. Fullness and yokes. Collars. Plackets and pockets. Sleeves and cuffs. Apparel accessories and supporting materials. Production planning and control. Fabric utilization in cutting room. Garment production systems. Flow process grid. Plant loading and capacity planning. Garment merchandising. Garment costing.

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Book SynopsisDuring the last decade, there has been a great deal of interest in TFETs. To the best authors' knowledge, no book on TFETs currently exists. The proposed book provides readers with fundamental understanding of the TFETs. It explains the interesting characteristics of the TFETs, pointing to their strengths and weaknesses, and describes the novel techniques that can be employed to overcome these weaknesses and improve their characteristics. Different tradeoffs that can be made in designing TFETs have also been highlighted. Further, the book provides simulation example files of TFETs that could be run using a commercial device simulator.Table of ContentsCMOS Scaling. Basics of Quantum Tunneling. Basics of Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Boosting ON-current in Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. III-V Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Carbon-Based Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Models for Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Applications of Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Future Perspective.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of ionic liquid based separation techniques. The glimpse of thermodynamic predictive models along with global optimization techniques will help readers understand the separation techniques at molecular and macroscopic levels. Experimental and characterization techniques are coupled with model based predictions so as to provide multicomponent data for the scientific community. The models will focus more on the a-priori based predictions which gives higher emphasis on hydrogen-bonded systems. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique will also eventually help the readers to apply optimization technique to an extraction process. The overriding goal of this work is to provide pathways for leading engineers and researchers toward a clear understanding and firm grasp of the phase equilibria of Ionic Liquid systems.Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Liquid-liquid Equilibria: Experiments and Predictions by Gibb’s free energy models3. COSMO-SAC: A predictive model for calculating thermodynamic properties on a-priori basis4. Application of COSMO-SAC in complex phase behavior: Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibria5. Modification in COSMO-SAC6. Particle Swarm Optimization and application to LLE7. Cuckoo Search Optimization and application to LLE

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Book SynopsisThe term phytomedicine was coined by French physician Henri Leclerc in 1913. Till recently phytomedicine has remained in the background. But due to emerging challenges to the conventional pharmaceutical industry (cost effectiveness and potency of the drugs), phytomedicine has made a dramatic comeback. Phytomedicine has witnessed several changes and several new concepts have been introduced. Phytomedicine, although, a separate discipline, is strongly linked to Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology.As the title suggests the book is an attempt to bridge the gap between fundamental and emerging concepts in this field of medicine. The book has been divided into two parts. Part A deals with core issues of the phyto-pharmaceutical drug industry. The book begins with an introductory chapter dealing with basic definitions with phytomedicine. Chapters 2-5 narrate emerging subjects such as Phytopharmacovigilance, Phytopharmacoeconomics, PhytopharmacoepidemiolTable of ContentsIndustrial Aspects of Phytomedicine. Introduction to Phytomedicine. Phytopharmacovigilance. Phytopharmacoeconomics. Phytopharmacoepidemiology. Phytopharmacogenomics. Ethics in Phytomedicine. Herbosomes. Nanophytomedicine. Metabolomics and Phytomedicine. Clinical Research in Ayurveda. Excepients for Phytomedicine. Certifications for Phytodrug Industry. Dhsea. Acts Related to Banned or Restricted Phyto Ingredients. Comfrey Based Herbal Products. Herbal Bioenhancers. Bioactives from Phytomedicine. Phytosteroids and Related Compounds. Botany Of Phytosteroids Containing Medicinal Plants. Pharmacology of Β-Sitosterol and Other Sterols. Pharmacology of Disogenin and Related Compounds. Steroidal Alkaloids. Guggulsterones. Phytoecdysteroids. Botany of Withanolides Containing Medicinal Plants. Pharmacology of Withaferin A. Pharmacology of Withanolide A. Pharmacology of Withanone. Pharmacology of Withanolide D. Miscellaneous Withanolides. Sitoindosides. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Phytocannabinoids. Wild Cannabis. Annexures (1-9) Related to Herbal Drug Registration. Acronyms and Abbrevations. Definitions. Herbal Glossary.

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Book SynopsisDosimetry refers to the calculation and assessment of the radiation dose received by the human body. The proposed book will place emphasis on the existence of physical and biophysical dosimetry. It will be discussed for the proper description and evaluation of the signal at the power generation system. It will cover in detail 10 different parameters of EMF (electromagnetism) exposure such as amplitude, frequency, vector, time of exposure, orientation, etc. In most published papers, these parameters are not well defined.Table of ContentsPhysical Dynamics: The Base for the Development of Biophysical Treatments. Dose and Exposure in Bioelectromagnetics. Physical Aspects of Radio-Frequency Radiation Dosimetry. Uncertainty Sources Associated With Low Frequency Electric And Magnetic Field Experiments On Cell Cultures. Necessary Characteristics of Quality Bioelectromagnetic Experimental Research. External Electric and Magnetic Fields as a Signaling Mechanism for Biological Systems. Duration of Exposure and Dose in Assessing Non-Thermal Biological Effects of Microwaves. Practical Principles of Dosimetry in Studying Biological Effects of Extremely High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Dosimetry in Electroporation Based Technologies and Treatments. Quantifying In Bioelectromagnetics. Blood and Vascular Targets for Magnetic Field Dosing. Methodology of Standards Development for EMF RF in Russia and By International Commissions: Distinctions in Approaches. The Intracellular Signaling System Controlling Cell Hydration as a Biomarker for EMF Dosimetry. Clinical Dosimetry of ELF PEMFS. Enhancement of Nerve Regeneration by Selected EMF Signals. The Conundrum of Dosimetry.

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Book SynopsisAssessment of freshwater sediments can determine whether chemical concentrations are sufficient to cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms or organisms higher in the food chain, including humans. This book presents methods for assessing sediments and includes an integration of physical, chemical, and biological information. It examines the elements of quality assurance and control programs, considerations for the conduct of field surveys, screening-level analyses, chemical analyses, toxicity tests for assessing biological impacts, assessments of benthic invertebrate community structure, surveys of fish tumors and abnormalities, and data presentation and interpretation techniques.Trade Review"Contaminated Sediments in Freshwater Systems is a book that fills an important gap in the contaminated sediment assessment literature, as previously information on various aspects of sediment sampling and the physical, biological, and chemical damage assessment of contaminated sediments were typically presented in guidance manuals published by various state and federal agencies. This is an excellent book for those who would like to develop a general understanding of the previously mentioned topics, and of what contaminated sediments are and how they are formed in freshwater systems, without going into much technical detail." — Emese Hadnagy, University of New Haven, Connecticut, USA"This text is quite readable and is written in an interesting style. I really like the inclusion of sediment and sediment porewater sampling approaches. This is something that is unique to the field of contaminated sediments, so deserves (and here receives) special treatment. The book chapters do intrigue me and it does seem like a good book to have on the shelf." — Kevin Gardner, University of New Hampshire, USA"Contaminated Sediments in Freshwater Systems brings a new and reflective approach to looking at the topic. It combines an easy-to-read conversational style with a highly descriptive and novel-like opening chapter to draw the reader in. Thereafter, technical and scientific aspects of sediment formation, sampling and analysis and how to evaluate contamination are given a clear and concise treatment that will suit students and professionals alike. The text is thorough in coverage and includes several highly relevant (but mainly U.S.) examples of sediment contamination in freshwater systems." — Rob Mortimer, Nottingham Trent University, United KingdomTable of ContentsPreface. List of Acronyms. Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sediments. Introduction. Ecosystem-Based Sediment Quality Assessment and Management. Sediment Quality Issues and Concerns. Ecosystem and Sediment Management. Metrics for Assessing the Effects of Contaminated Sediments. Sediment Quality Investigations. Assessing and Managing Sediment Quality Conditions. Preliminary Site Investigation. Detailed Site Investigation. Sampling and Analysis Plans. Results of Sediment Quality Investigations. Whole-Sediment and Pore-Water Chemistry. Whole-Sediment and Pore-Water Toxicity Testing. Benthic Invertebrates. Bioaccumulation Assessment. Fish Health Assessment. Integrated Indicators of Sediment Quality. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe properties of woven and knitted fabrics differ largely due to the path yarn follows in the fabric structure. This path determines the fabric's physical properties, mechanical properties, and appearance. A slight variation to the design may result in entirely different properties for the fabric. Structural Textile Design provides detailed insight on different types of designs used for the production of woven and knitted fabrics, highlighting the effect design has on a fabric's properties and applications. With focus on the techniques used to draw designs and produce them on weaving and knitting machines, this book will be of great interest to textile engineers, professionals and graduate students in textile technology and manufacturing. Trade Review"This reference compliments another by the same publisher. There is overlap, but the focus here is on techniques to and implement designs on weaving and knitting machines, producing fabrics with properties suited to specific end uses. How CAD can benefit the design and the implementation processes is covered, allowing for shorter development time and analysis of virtual prototypes, the objective being to test cost, functionality and quality.References are included throughout. Overall, a worthwhile book for textile engineers and students in textile technology and manufacturing." —Journal for Weavers, Spinners & Dyers, Winter 2017 Issue Table of Contents1. Textile Fabrics Madeha Jabbar 2 .CAD for Textile Fabrics Khubab Shaker and Haritham Khan Part I: Woven Fabric Structure 3. Introduction to Weaving Talha Hamdani 4. Conventional Woven Structures Muhammad Umar Nazir and Yasir Nawab 5. Specialty Fabric Structures Muhammad Umair and Ayuab Asghar 6. Textile Structures for Jacquard Weaving Danish Mehmood Baitab and Adeela Nasreen 7. Color and Weave Effect Muhammad Zohaib Fazal and Muhammad Imran Khan Part II: Knitted Fabric Structures 8. Introduction to Knitting Hafiz Shahbaz Ahmed 9. Patterning in Weft Knitting Waqas Ashraf 10. Pattering in Warp Knitting Muzammal Hussain and Yasir Nawab 11. Color and Stitch Effect Habib Awais

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Book SynopsisFrom the ForewordUmberto Quattrocchi has brought us some amazing and useful works through the various dictionaries that he has compiled. This time it is for two very important plant families the palms and the cycads that are synthesized here in these two volumes. Each entry is fascinating not just for the botany and full nomenclature of the plant species but for all the associated uses, folklore and interactions with other organisms. ...These entries are fascinating glimpses of natural history. ... Botanists, conservationists, ethnobotanists, anthropologists, geographers, bird watchers, naturalists, historians and those of many other disciplines will find these volumes a most valuable and useful resource. It is the sort of book that will be in frequent use in my library.----- Professor Sir Ghillean Prance FRS, VMH, Former Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Following the same format as Umberto Quattrocchi's highly praised and well-used previous w

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Book SynopsisThis book presents an integrated approach to understanding environmental contamination problems through the use of techniques from environmental chemistry, toxicology, ecology, and ecotoxicology. Basing much of his information on his 21 years of experience in the field, the author proposes innovative strategies for studying the environmental fate of contaminants, evaluating the effects, and producing scientific criteria for environmental safety. The book is clearly written, with all terms defined and equations explained with examples of their application. Weak points in the present knowledge are pointed out and discussed. An extensive list of references is provided for individuals who wish to delve deeper into the subject.Table of Contents(Section Headings): Approaches to the Assessment of the Environmental Fate of Chemical Contaminants. Environmental Toxicology. Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment. Future Research Needs.

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Book SynopsisThis text covers nucleation and growth; modeling and phase equilibria; properties characterisation; diamond-like carbon; and wide bandgap nitrides and carbides of Diamond and Diamond-Film applications as presented as the proceedings of the third international symposium on Diamond Films in St.Petersburg, Russia June 16-19, 1996

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1998. A collection of papers presented at the Proceedings of the Eighth Japan-U.S. Conference On Composite Materials, SEPTEMBER 24 to 25 , 1998. The conference is organized by Wayne State University and American Society for Composites in cooperation with U.S. Organizing Committee and the Japanese Organizing Committee. Since the Seventh Meeting in Kyoto in 1995, this meeting brings together accomplished composite researchers between the two countries to share latest developments and advances in the field. The scope of the current conference ranges over all aspects of composite materials with some emphasis on infrastructure applications of composites. Key areas in composites are covered by 110 papers with 35 presentations from Japan.Table of ContentsDedication-Professor Tsuyoshi Hayashi, Preface, PLENARY SESSION, Overview of Professor Hayashi's Contributions to Composites R & D in Japan, Overview of Professor Hayashi's Academic Achievements on Composites, Application of Composite Materials for the Repair of Concrete Structures in Japan, Fragile Foundations: The Nation's Infrastructure, PROCESSING I, Filament Winding of a CFRP Payload Attach Fitting, Advanced Composites Fabricated from Dry Powder Prepreg, Repair Methods for Composite Structures, Finite Element Modeling of Composite Processes, Draping and Filling of Long Axisymmetric Molds in RTM Process, PROCESSING II, Significance of Heat Dispersion in the Resin Transfer Molding Process, Heat Transfer Analysis of the Thermoplastic Filament Winding Process, Real Structure Determination for Permeability Prediction, Processing Envelopes for Supplemental Internal Resistive Heating during Thermosetting Composites Cure, On the Use of Darcy Permeability in Sheared Fabrics, DESIGN & ANALYSIS I, Large Deformation Nonlinear Response of Soft Composite Structures via Laminate Analogy, Local and Global Properties in 3D Braided Structural Shapes, Effect of Transverse Ply Cracks on the Effective Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Bidirectional Laminates, DESIGN & ANALYSIS II, The Response of General Unsymmetric Laminates to Simple Applied Forces, Axisymmetric Crack Problem in a Functionally Graded Semi-Infinite Medium, A Physically Based Micromechanical Theory and Diagrams of Macroscopic Stress-Corrosion Cracking in GFRP Laminates, Finite Element Analysis of Composite Sandwich Structures by Selective Layerwise Higher-Order Models, Localized Buckling (Crippling) of Pultruded Composite Structural Members, DAMAGE MECHANICS I, Numerical Aspects of a Micromechanical Model of a Cohesive Zone, A Strain Based Approach to Stiffness Loss in Cross-Ply Polymeric Composites under Fatigue Loading, Stiffness and Damage Identification of Laminated Plates Using Static Deflection

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Book SynopsisThe technology for the recovery, reprocessing and reuse of automotive polyurethanes in Europe is highly developed and serves as a successful example for other areas. This new book by a leading authority on this technology details the materials and methods, as well as the problems, involved in this work. Going beyond recovery, the authors examine the processes and applications involved in putting recovered material to economic use in marketable products. The text is supplemented with more than 60 tables providing useful data on polyurethane recycling processes and chemistry. More than 60 photographs, micrographs, diagrams and flowcharts illustrate materials, processes and products. In addition to a detailed presentation of this technology, the book provides a review of European regulation and programs dealing with automotive plastics recycling, as well as the voluntary activities of industry organizations and individual companies. The information in this new book will be useful to personnel involved in the research, development and recycling of plastics and other polymeric materials for automotive applications. The details of reprocessing chemistry will be especially useful to polymer chemists working with polyurethanes. TablesMuch of the technical data in this book is presented in 64 tables. Here is a small sample of this material: o Plastic Components in Used Cars… o Reaction conditions for glycolysis of the Bayflex 110-80 System o Parameters of the Continuous Pebra-Magna Glycolysis Process o Physical Properties of RIM Polyurethanes Obtained by Using Glycolysis Polyols (20% Filler) o Comparison of the Mechanical Properties Baydur® STR from Virgin Polyol and from 70% RRIM Recycled Polyol o Flame Retardant Behavior of Adhesive-Pressed Boards Based on EA Foam Illustrations More than 60 photographs, micrographs, flowcharts and diagrams illustrated processes and materials, including finished products made of recycled polyurethanes. Here is a small sampling of these figures. o Glycolysis cause/effect diagram o Direct RRIM-PU recycling via glycolysis o Automotive RIM parts for glycolysis o Flowchart of a discontinuous glycolysis process o Side panels produced by the RRIM process using Bayflex® recycled polyol o Reprocessing and processing of contaminated polyurethanes o Flowchart of the three-stream RIM process o Flowchart for the production of adhesive-pressed articles o "Grass stone" made from granulated RIM with adhesive pressingTable of ContentsFramework, General Outlines and Conditions in the European Automotive Industry. Cooperative European Automotive Industry Projects - National Projects. European Projects, European Car Makers' Positions and Actions. Applications: PU Recyclates in the European Automotive Industry o Polyurethanes. Application of Rebonded Foam in the European Automotive Industry. Applications of Glycolysis in the European Automotive Industry. Recycling of PU Paints: Recovery of PU Paints Today, Recycling of Two-Pack PU-Paints. Compression Molding of RIM and RRIM Polyurethanes for Reuse in the Automotive Industry. Powder/Regrind Technology. Adhesive Pressing of Polyurethanes, PU Composites and Commingled Polyurethanes: Adhesive Pressing of Commingled Polyurethanes, One-Stage Feed Frame Method, Adhesive Pressing of Sheets, Properties, Adhesive Pressing Project with Used Headliners and Headliner Production Scrap, Adhesive Pressing of Other Polyurethanes. Cast-Pressing of PU and PU Composite Materials. Injection Molding of PU Integral Skin Foam.

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Book SynopsisWith the development of diverse analytical chemistry techniques, the discovery of rich and numerous properties pertaining to bicontinuous liquid crystal structures has yielded beneficial applications in medicine, consumer products, materials science, and biotechnology. Presenting contributions from 24 experts worldwide, Bicontinuous Liquid Crystals presents a comprehensive overview of these structures with a practical approach to applying them in manufacturing and laboratory processes. This book considers the cubic, mesh, ribbon, and sponge equilibrium phases of bicontinuous structures. It begins with a historical perspective and a theoretical platform for study, followed by a detailed discussion of physical chemistry, properties, and structural characteristics of the different phases. The text interrelates the most useful analytical methods for the characterization of the behavior and stability of liquid crystalline phases based on structure, geometry, composition-dependent changes, temperature, dispersion, and other factors. These techniques include differential geometry, thermodynamics, local and global packing, and the study of conformational entropy. The book also highlights tools for mathematically visualizing bicontinuous systems. This provides an excellent foundation for the authors' examination of the latest studies and applications, such as controlled release, materials development, fabrication, processing, polymerization, protein crystallization, membrane fusion, and treatment of human skin. Bicontinuous Liquid Crystals represents current trends and innovative ideas in the study of bicontinuous liquid crystals. Divided into three sections, it provides a complete overview of theoretical and modeling aspects, physical chemistry and characterization, and applications in this active field of research.Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. Introduction to Bicontinuous Phases. What's Missing. Theoretical Aspects and Modeling of Bicontinuous Phases. Physical Chemistry and Characterization. Applications.

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