Life sciences: general issues Books

Book SynopsisLook around you. The reflection of your face in a window tells you that the universe is orchestrated by chance. The iron in a spot of blood on your finger tells you that somewhere out in space there is furnace at a temperature of 4.5 billion degrees. Your TV tells you that the universe had a beginning. In fact, your very existence tells you that this may not be the only universe but merely one among an infinity of others, stacked like the pages of a never-ending book.Marcus Chown, author of Quantum Theory Cannot Hurt You, What a Wonderful World and The Solar System, takes familiar features of the world we know and shows how they can be used to explain profound truths about the ultimate nature of reality. His new book will change the way you see the universe: with Chown as your guide, cutting-edge science is made clear and meaningful by a falling leaf, or a rose, or a starry night sky... We Need To Talk About Kelvin: What Everyday Things Tell

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Book SynopsisElectron microscopy is now a mainstay characterization tool for solid state physicists and chemists as well as materials scientists. Electron Microscopy and Analysis 2001 presents a useful snapshot of the latest developments in instrumentation, analysis techniques, and applications of electron and scanning probe microscopies. The book is ideal for materials scientists, solid state physicists and chemists, and researchers in these areas who want to keep abreast of the state of the art in the field.Trade Review"… full of up-to-date information in the field of electron microscopy from some of the most prominent scientists in the field. It illustrates the great breadth the field has to date."-MSA Institute of Neuroscience, Microscopy and Microanalysis Journal, vol. 8, no. 5 "The 520 pages of the proceedings maintain the high standard of the series … There are interesting papers throughout but ultramicroscopists will turn first to the sections on HREM, advanced SEM, and instrumentation. They will not be disappointed."-Ultramicroscopy 93 (2002) "This book contains 127 papers, arranged in 10 well-balanced sections rather than chapters, about the latest developments in instrumentation, techniques, and applications of electron and scanning probe microscopies, together with associated techniques such as surface analysis. This comprehensive and valuable book is a great reference for biologists, material scientists, and geologists dealing with electron microscopy. It mainly contains two types of papers: technical communications (reviews of existing techniques and newly developed methods) and scientific communications. It extensively covers all recent advances in electron microscopy, both from scientific and technical viewpoints. I would recommend this book to all well-experienced scientists involved in microscopy analysis since there are many advanced topics together with advanced techniques."-Dr. Alexis Oudin, Microscopy and Analysis, May 2003 "One of the most striking features in this conference is the great number of multinational papers. This, I believe, once again confirms the universality of science … All the papers contain high-quality micrographs and diagrams, and I think that all the investigations are invaluable since they are all original and novel. The best way to follow the latest developments and improvements in a scientific field is to have the proceedings of a conference in that field, and this volume is one of the best in the arena … . The book will be useful especially for materials scientists and advanced microscope users in all fields."-A. Uguz (Uladag University), Contemporary Physics, 2003, 44Table of ContentsPreface Plenary Lectures HREM and Electron Crystallography Advanced SEM and Surface Science New Instrumentation, Imaging, and Analysis Ferrous Metals and Intermetallics Advanced Microanalysis and Elemental Imaging Carbons, Ceramics, and Composites Microscopy of Interfaces and Surfaces Catalysts, Sensors, and Environmental Materials Semiconductors, Superconductors, and Magnetic Materials Scanning Probe Microscopy Author Index Subject Index

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology is designed for a one-semester course in the mechanics of the cell offered to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biomedical engineering, bioengineering, and mechanical engineering. It teaches a quantitative understanding of the way cells detect, modify, and respond to the physical properties within the cell environment. Coverage includes the mechanics of single molecules, polymers, polymer networks, two-dimensional membranes, whole-cell mechanics, and mechanobiology, as well as primer chapters on solid, fluid, and statistical mechanics, and cell biology.Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology is the first cell mechanics textbook to be geared specifically toward students with diverse backgrounds in engineering and biology.Trade Review"The new text from Jacobs, Huang, and Kwon is fully worthy of the honor of being the first text reviewed in Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering. After reading through the clear, simple, but rigorous text, I can say that their work does far more than just tie together some important notes in a single binding....this text is potentially transformative for the field, much in the way that the famous texts by Beer and Johnston, in the 1960s were transformative for the undergraduate study of mechanics of materials and machines." - Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering "This excellent book by a group of internationally recognized authors meets a real existing need in contemporary bioengineering education, and it does it effectively and successfully....The book was exactly what I wanted; it was entirely devoted to cell-scale problems, with numerous examples, each providing the relevant engineering or mathematical formulation, at a level suitable for good undergrad BME students....All chapters are comprehensible, logically-built and concise, and each is supported by high-quality graphics which add very much to the clarity of the contents...this book is a 'must-have'." - Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering“…[Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology] touches on all the main current techniques used to apply force to cells and to measure the forces exerted by cells….the physics behind them is well explained and derived…The book sets up a good context for why one would want to study mechanobiology and gives some good tips for designing an experiment, taking into account the fundamental differences in biology and engineering practices.”- Yale Journal of Biology and MedicineTable of ContentsPart I. Principles1. Cell Mechanics as a Framework2. Fundamentals of Cell Biology3. Solid Mechanics Primer4. Fluid Mechanics Primer5. Statistical Mechanics PrimerPart II. Practices6. Cell Mechanics in the Laboratory 7. Mechanics of Cellular Polymers8. Polymer Networks and the Cytoskeleton9. Mechanics of the Cell Membrane10. Adhesion, Migration, and Contraction of the Cell11. Mechanotransduction and Intracellular Signaling

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Book SynopsisExamining processes that affect more than 70 percent of consumer products ranging from computers to medical devices and automobiles, this reference presents the latest research in automated plastic injection and die casting mold design and manufacture. It analyzes many industrial examples and methodologies while focusing on the algorithms, implementation procedures, and system architectures that will lead to a fully automated or semi-automated computer-aided injection mold design system (CADIMDS). This invaluable guide in this challenging area of precision engineering summarizes key findings and innovations from the authors' many years of research on intelligent mold design technologies.Trade Review"...the most comprehensive and detailed review of all the major developments that have characterized the emergence of these important fields. It will form an indispensable reference work for scientists and engineers in academia and industry for years to come....recommend[ed]." - Dr. Donald Fitzmaurice, Department of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Ireland; "This Encyclopaedia is being assembled at an early stage in the field's development and should bring together the key advances in a coherently organised framework." - Sir Harry Kroto, Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry (1996), University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom"Table of ContentsIntroduction. Plastic Injection Mold Design and Assembly. Intelligent Mold Design and Assembly. Semi-Automated Die Casting Die Design. CAE Applications in Mold Design. Computer-Aided Die and Mold Manufacture Computer-Aided. Process Planning in Mold Making. Early Cost Estimation of Injection Molds. Case Studies: IMOLD® and IMOLD-Works for Mold Design. Glossary. Index .

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Book SynopsisPresents discussions on a range of approaches for molecular imprinting. This book offers experimental protocols that exemplify specific techniques, as well as surveys on molecular imprinting research and applications. It offers instruction on methods to design and optimize molecularly imprinted polymers.Trade Review"The editors have done an excellent job in soliciting chapters on specific topics and organizing them thematically to provide a volume in which the chapters compliment each other." JACS, 2005Table of ContentsMolecular Imprinting - An Introduction. A Brief History of the "New Era" of Molecular Imprinting. The Non-Covalent Approach. The covalent and other stoichiometric approaches. The Semi-covalent Approach. The Use of Metal Coordination for Controlling the Microenvironment of Imprinted Polymers. Synthesis and Selection of Functional and Structural Monomers. Combinatorial Approaches to Molecular Imprinting. Surface Imprinting. Scaffold Imprinting. Imprinting in Inorganic Matrices. Post Modification of Imprinted Polymers. Molecular Imprinting Using Hybrid Materials as Host Matrices. Thermodynamic Considerations and the Use of Molecular Modeling as a Tool for Predicting MIP Performances. Selectivity in Molecularly Imprinted Matrices Binding Isotherms. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Beads. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Films and Membranes. Micromonoliths and Microfabricated Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. Chromatographic Techniques. Capillary Electrophoresis. Metal Ion selective Molecularly Imprinted Materials. Solid Phase Extraction and Byproduct Removal. Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Materials as Enzyme Mimics. Application of MIPs as Antibody Mimics in Immunoassays. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Recognition Elements in Sensors: Mass and Electrochemical Sensors. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Recognition Elements in Optical Sensors

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Book SynopsisSynthesis of Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds, Second Edition is a working guide for the laboratory, incorporating classical approaches with the recent developments of carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond formation. These advances include the preparation of phosphoranes - specifically in the use of transient oxophosphoranes as intermediates in organophosphorus compound synthesis ñ along with the new approaches towards the preparation of compounds with aromatic and vinylic C-P bonds.Synthesis of Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds, Second Edition serves as a useful tool in the laboratory. It offers detailed surveys of IUPAC nomenclature recommendations, common notation systems, and various experimental examples. These features help to make this text an effective source of critical and annotated references, as well as a a working guide for organic and phosphorus chemists specifically, or for any chemists working with C-P bonds.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds from Elemental Phosphorus. Nucleophilic Trivalent Phosphorus. Organometallics for C-P Bond Formation. Pentacoordinate Phosphorus. Aromatic and Vinylic C-P Bonds.

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Book SynopsisFailure analysis has grown enormously in it scope and utility in recent years. Developments in materials characterization techniques have made the job of a failure analyst easier and more precise, but it still requires not only a strong background in materials science and engineering, but also practical experience--or at least a strong understanding of past failures.Investigation of Aeronautical and Engineering Component Failures offers a systematic presentation of the principles, tools, and techniques of failure analysis and their use in identifying the root cause of failure. The first part of the book presents the technical intricacies of failure analysis, including fracture feature analysis, important aspects of component design and material selection, the origin and control of various defects in metallic materials, and the operational abuses and maintenance deficiencies that often cause premature failures. The second part presents 37 classic case studies covering all of theTrade Review"This handy volume of service failures is a readable document that can serve as a useful tutor to acolytes in the field of service failure analysis and as a helpful reference for the experienced materials engineer."-From the Foreword by Prof. P. Rama Rao, Former Secretary, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India "…presents the material treated in a clear and systematic matter…includes a plethora of micrographs and pictures of components in order to present the material described, and help readers acquire a better grasp of microstructural anomalies and fracture features… A collection of data in aeronautical failure analysis has been scarce in the technical literature, and in this regard the book provides a unique tool…the author has succeeded greatly in helping us improve our ability to analyze component failures."-Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, Vol. 52, Issue 4, 2005 "Venugopal Reddy proves that failure analysis is an absorbing exercise demanding depth and breadth in materials science and engineering. The author shows this through a compilation of personal investigative case studies, as well as a summary of the required knowledge and resources to be able to play in the field of failure analysis. …The book is well organized, thoughtfully written, and easy to follow."-JOM On-line, Sept 6, 2005Table of ContentsFailure Analysis. Tools and Techniques. Fracture Feature Analysis. Deficiencies in Design and Materials Selections. Manufacturing Deficits. Operational and Maintenance Defects.

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Book SynopsisExtensively revised and updated to keep abreast of recent advances, Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, Third Edition continues to provide a broad-based, high-information text at an introductory, reader-friendly level that illustrates the multidisciplinary nature of polymer science. Adding or amending roughly 50% of the material, this new edition strengthens its aim to contribute a comprehensive treatment by offering a wide and balanced selection of topics across all aspects of the chemistry and physics of polymer science, from synthesis and physical properties to applications. Although the basics of polymer science remain unchanged, significant discoveries in the area of control over molecular weight, macromolecular structure and architecture, and the consequent ability to prepare materials with specific properties receive extensive mention in the third edition. Expanded chapters include controlled radical polymerizations, metallocene chemistry, and the preparTrade Review". . . continues the tradition of a well-known respected textbook . . ." – Mark Moloney, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, in Reviews, June 2008, Vol. 9, No. 16, Issue 1Table of ContentsIntroduction, Step-Growth Polymerization, Free-Radical, Ionic Polymerization , Linear Copolymers and Other Architectures, Polymer Stereochemistry, Polymerization Reactions Initiated by Metal Catalysts and Transfer Reactions, Polymers in Solution, Polymer Characterization - Molar Masses, Polymer Characterization - Chain Dimensions, Structures, and Morphology, The Crystalline State and Partially Ordered Structures, Rheology and Mechanical Properties, The Elastomeric State, Structure-Property Relations, Polymers for the Electronics Industry, Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume opens with a series of articles making up a monographic study of the Henry family of Manchester, a dynasty that was active in science, medicine, education and industry from the 1760s to the 1830s. This work is important in studying the relations between science and industry, and not least because it emphasises just how much can be learnt from looking at 'second-rank' figures in the provinces. The second group of papers pursues topics in the history of 19th-century chemistry and the development of the chemical industry, in particular that dealing with synthetic dyestuffs.Trade Review’This book is a welcome addition to the Variorum Collected Studies Series and serves as a timely reminder of the great debt that we owe to a historian of chemistry who pioneered the study of regional themes and lesser events and individuals.’ Bulletin of the History of Chemistry, Vol. 22 ’Farrar’s work is a major contribution not only to the history of chemistry, but to history more generally.’ Canadian Journal of History, Vol. XXXIII ’This collection is an important one for historians of chemistry, and for historians of nineteenth-century society, especially in Britain.’ Annals of Science, Vol. 56Table of ContentsContents: Introduction; Obituary of W.V. Farrar, D.S.L. Cardwell; The Henrys of Manchester: Thomas Henry (1734-1816); Thomas Henry’s sons: Thomas, Peter and William; William Henry and John Dalton; William Henry: hydrocarbons and the gas industry: minor chemical papers; William Henry: contagion and cholera; the textbook; William Charles Henry: the magnesia factory; Victorian pure and applied science: Sir B.C. Brodie and his calculus of chemical operations; 19th-century speculations on the complexity of the chemical elements; Richard Laming and the coal gas industry, with his views on the structure of matter; Some early ventures in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen; Andrew Ure, F.R.S., and the philosophy of manufactures; Robert Angus Smith, F.R.S., and ’sanitary science’; Synthetic dyes before 1860; Science and the German university system, 1790-1850; Edward Schunck F.R.S.: a pioneer of natural-product chemistry; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis third edition has been updated and expanded, providing industrial chemists, technologists, environmental scientists, and engineers with an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers. Highlighting existing and new industrial, military, medical, and consumer goods applications, this edition adds more detailed information on equipment and processing conditions. It explores breakthroughs in understanding property-structure relationships, new polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying polymers, such as melt-processable fluoroplastics. It also expands on the important properties of fluoropolymers, including heat and radiation degradation, health effects, and recycling.Features: Revised, updated, and expanded to continue to provide an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers Explores the property-structure relationships, polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying poTable of ContentsPART I OVERVIEW OF FLUOROPOLYMERS 1 Introduction 2 Societal Benefits and Evolution of Fluoropolymers 2.1 Basic Fluoropolymer Properties 2.2 Examples of Fluoropolymer Properties 2.3 Automotive Applications 2.4 Aerospace Wire and Cable 2.5 Aircraft Fuel Hose 2.6 Heart Rhythm Management-ICD 2.7 Pediatric Heart Repair 2.8 Thread Sealant 2.9 Chemical Processing Industry-Lined Pipes, Fittings, and Vessels 2.10 Semiconductor Chip Fabrication 2.11 Biomedical Applications 2.12 PTFE Micropowders 2.13 Applications of Fluoropolymers in Transportation 2.14 Properties of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 2.15 Delving Deeper into Properties 2.16 Forces Affecting the Fluoropolymer Industries References PART II THERMOPLASTIC FLUOROPOLYMERS 3 Synthesis and Properties of Monomers of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 3.1 Preparation of Tetrafluoroethylene 3.2 Properties of Tetrafluoroethylene 3.3 Preparation of Hexafluoropropylene 3.4 Properties of Hexafluoropropylene 3.5 Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylvinylethers (PAVEs) 3.6 Properties of Perfluoroalkylvinylethers 3.7 Synthesis of Chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) 3.8 Properties of Chlorotrifluoroethylene 3.9 Synthesis of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) 3.10 Properties of Vinylidene Fluoride 3.11 Synthesis of Vinyl Fluoride (VF) 3.12 Properties of Vinyl Fluoride (VF) References 4 Polymerization of Commercial Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 4.1 Polymerization of Tetrafluoroethylene 4.1.1 Granular Resins 4.1.2 Fine Powder Resins 4.1.3 Aqueous Dispersions 4.1.4 Filled Compounds 4.1.5 Modified PTFE 4.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) 4.2.1 Industrial Process for the Production of FEP 4.3 Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) Resin 4.3.1 Industrial Process for the Production of Perfluoroalkoxy Resin 4.4 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) 4.4.1 Industrial Process for the Production of PCTFE 4.5 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) 4.5.1 Industrial Process for the Production of PVDF 4.6 Polyvinyl Fluoride 4.6.1 Industrial Process for the Production of Polyvinyl Fluoride 4.7 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Copolymer 4.7.1 Industrial Process for the Production of ECTFE 4.8 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) Copolymer 4.8.1 Industrial Process for the Production of ETFE 4.9 Terpolymers of TFE, HFP and VDF (THV Fluoroplastic) 4.10 Terpolymers and Quarterpolymers of HFP, TFE and Ethylene References 5 Properties of Commercial Fluoropolymers 5.1 Properties as Related to the Structure of Fluoropolymers 5.1.1 Fluoroplastics 5.1.1.1 Mechanical Properties 5.1.1.2 Optical Properties 5.1.2 Fluoroelastomers 5.2 Properties of Individual Commercial Fluoroplastics 5.2.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene 5.2.1.1 Molecular Weight 5.2.1.2 Molecular Conformation 5.2.1.3 Crystallinity and Melting Behavior 5.2.1.4 Mechanical Properties 5.2.1.5 Surface Properties 5.2.1.6 Absorption and Permeation 5.2.1.7 Electrical Properties 5.2.2 Modified Polytetrafluoroethylene 5.2.3 Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (FEP) 5.2.3.1 Mechanical Properties 5.2.3.2 Electrical Properties 5.2.3.3 Chemical Properties 5.2.3.4 Optical Properties 5.2.3.5 Other Properties 5.2.4 Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and Perfluoroalkyl Ethers (PFA and MFA) 5.2.4.1 Physical and Mechanical Properties 5.2.4.2 Electrical Properties 5.2.4.3 Optical properties 5.2.4.4 Chemical Properties 5.2.5 Copolymers of Ethylene and Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) 5.2.5.1 Structure and Related Properties 5.2.5.2 Mechanical, Chemical and Other Properties 5.2.6 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) 5.2.6.1 Mechanical Properties 5.2.6.2 Electrical Properties 5.2.6.3 Chemical Properties 5.2.7 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) 5.2.7.1 Thermal Properties 5.2.7.2 Mechanical, Chemical and Other Properties 5.2.8. Copolymer of Ethylene and Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) 5.2.8.1 Properties of ECTFE 5.2.9 Terpolymer of Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene and Vinylidene Fluoride (THV Fluoroplastic) 5.2.9.1 Properties of THV Fluoroplastic 5.2.10 Terpolymer of Tetrafluoroethylene, Ethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (EFEP) 5.2.11 Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF) 5.2.11.1 Properties of the PVF Polymer 5.2.11.2 Polyvinyl Fluoride Films and Their Properties 5.2.11.2.1 Chemical Properties 5.2.11.2.2 Optical Properties 5.2.11.2.3 Weathering Performance 5.2.11.2.4 Electrical Properties 5.2.11.2.5 Thermal Stability References 6 Processing of Polytetrafluoroethylene Resins 6.1 Processing of Granular Resins 6.1.1 Compression Molding 6.1.1.1 Preforming 6.1.1.2 Sintering 6.1.2 Other Molding Methods 6.1.3 Ram Extrusion 6.2 Processing of Fine Powders 6.2.1 Introduction 6.2.2 Fabrication Methods for Products from Fine Powders 6.2.2.1 Preparation of the Extrusion Mix 6.2.2.2 Preforming 6.2.2.3 Extrusion 6.2.3 Fabrication of Films, Tapes and Sealing Cords 6.2.3.1 Manufacture of Unsintered Tape 6.2.4 Fabrication of Tubing and Hoses 6.2.5 Fabrication of Thin Walled Pipes and Liners 6.2.5.1 Liner Extrusion 6.2.5.2 Drying and Sintering the Liner 6.2.6 Fabrication of Wire and Cable Insulation 6.2.6.1 Wire Extrusion System 6.2.6.2 Wire Extrusion Process 6.2.6.3 Drying and Sintering of Wire Insulation 6.2.7 Fabrication of Expanded PTFE 6.2.7.1 The Expansion Process 7 Processing of Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics 7.1 Melt-Processible Perfluoroplastics 7.1.1 Copolymers of Polytetrafluoroethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (FEP) 7.1.2 Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and Perfluoroalkyl ethers (PFA and MFA) 7.2 Processing of Other Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics 7.2.1 Copolymers of Ethylene and Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) 7.2.2 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) 7.2.3 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) 7.2.4 Copolymer of Ethylene and Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) 7.2.5 Terpolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene and Vinylidene Fluoride (THV Fluoroplastics) 7.2.6 Terpolymer of Ethylene, Tetrafluoroethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (EFEP) 8 Applications of Commercial Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 8.1 Applications of PTFE and Modified PTFE 8.2 Applications of FEP 8.3 Applications of PFA and MFA 8.4 Applications of ETFE 8.5 Applications of PVDF 8.6 Applications of PCTFE 8.7 Applications of ECTFE 8.8 Applications of THV Fluoroplastics 8.9 Applications of EFEP 8.10 Applications of PVF 8.10.1 Aircraft Interiors 8.10.2 Architectural Applications 8.10.3 Graphics 8.10.4 Solar Applications References PART III FLUOROELASTOMERS 9 Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.1 Manufacturing Process for Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.1.1 Industrial Synthesis of Monomers for Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.1.2 Polymerization and Finishing of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.1.2.1 Emulsion Polymerization 9.1.2.1.1 Continuous Emulsion Polymerization 9.1.2.1.2 Semi-batch Emulsion Polymerization 9.1.2.2 Suspension Polymerization 9.2 Properties of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.2.1 Properties Related to the Polymer Structure 9.2.2 Properties of Currently Available Commercial Fluorocarbon lastomers 9.3 Fabrication Methods for Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.3.1 Mixing and Processing 9.3.1.1 Mixing of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.3.1.2 Processing of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.3.1.2.1 Calandering 9.3.1.2.2 Extrusion 9.3.1.2.3 Solution and Latex Coating 9.3.2 Curing of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.3.2.1 Cross-linking Chemistry 9.3.2.1.1 Cross-linking by Ionic Mechanism 9.3.2.1.2 Cross-linking by Radical Mechanism (Peroxid Cure) 9.3.2.1.3 Cross-linking by Ionizing Radiation 9.3.2.2 Molding Processes 9.3.2.2.1 Compression Molding 9.3.2.2.2 Transfer Molding 9.3.2.2.3 Injection Molding 9.3.3 Post-curing Process 9.4 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cured Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.4.1 Heat Resistance 9.4.2 Compression Set Resistance 9.4.3 Low-temperature Flexibility 9.4.4 Resistance to Automotive Fuels 9.4.5 Resistance to Solvents and Chemicals 9.4.6 Steam Resistance 9.5 Formulation of Compounds of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.5.1 Fillers 9.5.2 Acid Acceptor Systems 9.5.3 Curatives 9.5.4 Plasticizers and Processing Aids 9.6 Applications of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.6.1 Applications of FKMs 9.6.1.1 Typical Automotive Applications 9.6.1.2 Typical Aerospace and Military Applications 9.6.1.3 Typical Chemical and Petrochemical Applications 9.6.1.4 Other Industrial Applications 9.6.2 Applications of FFKM 9.6.3 Applications of FEPM 9.6.4 Applications of FKMs in Coatings and Sealants 9.6.5 Applications of FKMs as Polymer Processing Additive 9.7 Examples of Fluorocarbon Elastomer Formulations 9.8 Fluoroelastomer Safety, Disposal, and Sustainability 9.8.1 Safety in Production 9.8.2 Safety in Applications 9.8.3 Disposal 9.8.4 Sustainability References 10 Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Types of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 10.3 Methods to Produce Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 10.4 Commercial Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers and Their Properties 10.5 Applications of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 10.5.1 Chemical and Semiconductor Industries 10.5.2 Electrical Applications and Wire and Cable 10.5.3 Other Applications References 11 Fluoro-Inorganic Elastomers 11.1 Fluorosilicone Elastomers 11.1.1 Introduction 11.1.2 Polymerization Process for Fluorosilicone Elastomers 11.1.3 Processing of Fluorosilicone Elastomers and Compounds 11.1.4 Properties of Fluorosilicone Elastomer Compounds 11.1.4.1 Fluid and Chemical Resistance 11.1.4.2 Heat Resistance 11.1.4.3 Low Temperature Behavior 11.1.4.4 Electrical Properties 11.1.4.5 Surface Properties 11.1.5 Applications of Fluorosilicone Compounds 11.1.6 Fluorosilicone Liquid Systems 11.1.7 Toxicity and Safety 11.2 Polyphosphazene Elastomers 11.2.1 Introduction 11.2.2 Fluorinated Polyphosphazene Elastomers 11.2.2.1 Properties 11.2.2.2 Applications References PART IV TECHNOLOGY OF FLUOROPOLYMER AQUEOUS SYSTEMS 12 Characteristics and Properties of Fluoropolymer Aqueous Systems 12.1 PTFE Dispersions 12.2 Other Perfluoropolymer Dispersions 12.2.1 FEP Dispersions 12.2.2 PFA and MFA Dispersions 12.2.3 Dispersions of Modified PTFE 12.2.4 Dispersions of PTFE Micropowders 12.3 Other Fluoroplastic Dispersions 12.3.1 Dispersions of PVDF 12.3.2 Dispersions of THV Fluoroplastic 12.4 Fluorocarbon Elastomers in Latex Form References 13 Processing and Applications of Fluoropolymer Aqueous Systems 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Processing and Applications of PTFE Dispersions 13.2.1 Impregnation 13.2.2 Fabric Coating 13.2.2.1 Equipment 13.2.2.2 Formulations 13.2.2.3 Coating Process 13.2.2.4 Lamination 13.2.2.5 Applications of PTFE Coated Fabrics 13.2.3 Cast Films 13.2.3.1 Process and Equipment 13.2.3.2 Applications of PTFE Cast Films 13.2.4 Processing and Applications of Dispersions of Modified PTFE 13.2.5 Processing and Applications of Dispersions of PTFE Micropowders 13.2.6 Other Processing and Applications of PTFE Aqueous Dispersions 13.3 Processing and Applications of Other Fluoropolymer Aqueous Systems 13.3.1 Aqueous Dispersions of FEP and PFA/MFA 13.3.2 Aqueous Dispersions of PVDF 13.3.3 Aqueous Dispersions of THV Fluoroplastic 13.3.4 Fluorocarbon Elastomers in Latex Form 13.4 Health and Safety 13.5 Disposal of Aqueous Fluoropolymer Dispersions References PART V OTHER FLUOROPOLYMERS 14 Specialty Fluorinated Polymers 14.1 Amorphous Fluoropolymers 14.2 Fluorinated Acrylates 14.3 Fluorinated Polyurethanes 14.4 Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 14.5 Copolymers of Chlorotrifluoroethylene and Vinyl Ether 14.6 Perfluorinated Ionomers References 15 Applications of Specialty Fluorinated Polymers 15.1 Applications of Amorphous Perfluoropolymers 15.2 Applications of Amorphous Perfluoropolymers 15.3 Applications of Fluorinated Polyurethanes 15.3.1 Surface Coatings 15.3.1.1 Solvent-Based Coatings 15.3.1.2 Water-Based Coatings 15.3.1.3 Powder Coatings 15.3.1.4 Treatments of Textile, Leather, and Other Substrates 15.3.1.5 Medical and Dental Applications 15.3.1.6 Cladding of Optical Fibers 15.3.1.7 Elastomers 15.3.1.8 Other Applications 15.4 Applications of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 15.5 Applications of Copolymers of CTFE and Vinyl Ether 15.6 Applications of Perfluorinated Ionomers References PART VI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND OTHER VARIABLES ON FLUOROPOLYMERS 16 Effect of Temperature on Fluoropolymers 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Thermal Stability of PTFE 16.3 Thermal Stability of Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene 16.3.1 Thermal Stability of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) 16.3.2 Thermal stability of PFA 16.3.3 Thermal Stability of ETFE 16.3.4Thermal Stability of ECTFE 16.3.5 Thermal Stability of PCTFE 16.3.6 Thermal Stability of PVDF 17 Effects of Environment on Fluoropolymers 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Tetrafluoroethylene 17.3 Perfluorinated Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene 17.3.1 PFA and MFA 17.3.2 FEP 17.4 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer 17.5 Polyvinylidene Fluoride 17.6 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 17.7 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer 17.8 Polyvinyl Fluoride References 18 Effects of Radiation on Fluoropolymers 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Fluoropolymers 18.2.1 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Perfluoroplastics 18.2.2 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Other Fluoroplastics 18.3 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Fluorocarbon Elastomers 18.3.1 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on FKM Type of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 18.3.2 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Perfluoroelastomers 18.3.3 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on TFE/P Elastomers 18.4 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Fluorosilicone Elastomers 18.5 Effects of UV Radiation on Fluoropolymers References PART VII SAFETY AND SUSTAINABILITY 19 Safety Aspects of Fluoropolymers 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Fluoropolymers, the Essential Plastics 19.3 Polymerization Aids 19.3.1 Replacement of Polymerization Aids 19.4 Tetrafluoroethylene 19.5 Toxicology of Fluoropolymers 19.6 Emissions during Processing 19.7 Polymer Fume Fever (PFF) 19.8 Fluoropolymer Dispersions 19.9 Hygiene and Personal Protective Equipment References 20 Disposal and Recycling 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Fluorine Ore-Fluorspar 20.3 Melt Processible Fluoropolymers 20.4 Polytetrafluoroethylene 20.5 PTFE Scrap Sources for Recycling 20.6 Routes to Reuse of Polytetrafluoroethylene 20.6.1 Virgin PTFE 20.6.2 Physical Processing - Recycling 20.6.3 Physical Processing - Reprocessing 20.7 Disposal of Fluoropolymers 20.8 Chemical Recycling ("Upcycling") References

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Book SynopsisEssential oils, well-known for their remarkable properties, have played a ubiquitous role throughout human history. They connect us to our past, invoking memories of childhood places and the aromas of our grandparents'' kitchens. From the fragrant scents of ancient Egypt to the natural preservatives found in 15th century Oriental spices, essential oils have the ability to stimulate, numb, and captivate our senses through their effects on the central nervous system. This book presents several innovative studies on the isolation, biological, and pharmacological properties of essential oils, conducted by multidisciplinary groups from different countries.Table of Contents1. Purification of Essential Oil Compounds by Countercurrent Chromatography 2. Volatile Compounds in Piperaceae Collected in Arauca-Colombia: Northeastern Region and Colombian-Venezuelan Plains 3. Chemical Diversity of Essential Oils and Volatile Fractions of Some Plants Found in the Tropical Forest/Savannah from Colombia 4. Essential Oils’ Chemical Characterization and Investigation of Some Biological Activities: A Demanding Review 5. Essential Oils of Medicinal Plants from Northern Peru: Traditional and Scientific Knowledge 6. Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants and Essential Oils 7. Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Species Collected in Venezuelan Andean 8. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Essential Oils from the Phytolaccaceae and Petiveriaceae Families 9. The Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Effect of Essential Oil in Animals

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of An Introduction to Materials and Chemistry, the first in the updated Science for Conservators series, provides conservators and conservators-in-training with a very basic introduction to the language of chemistry and to the scientific approach.Drawing on 40 years of experience as a conservation scientist, Joyce H. Townsend takes readers through the elementary steps that will enable them to understand and investigate materials in historic objects, and those modern materials used to conserve them, in scientific terms. The book also introduces basic chemistry concepts. It provides worked examples and exercises throughout. This new edition has been significantly expanded and updated, with new material about health and safety, sustainability, and the trend to use greener materials, amongst other topics. The book also includes all-new illustrations, a list of further reading and is accompanied by a Companion Website, which features additional exampTable of Contents1. What science is; 2. Beginning chemistry; 3. Molecules and chemical equations; 4. Atomic structure and chemical bonding; 5. Relating chemical names to structure

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Book SynopsisR for Quantitative Chemistry is an exploration of how the R language can be applied to a wide variety of problems in what is typically termed "Quantitative Chemistry" or sometimes "Analytical Chemistry". This book will be based upon, in large part, actual experimental data.Table of Contents1. Intro to R 2. Data and Statistics 3. Beer’s Law and Linear Regression 4. Solving Equilibrium 5. Titrations 6. Binding Curves 7. Electrochemistry 8. Fourier Transform and Spectroscopy 9. R Kinetic Analysis 10. Reports in R Markdown

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with a variety of problems in Physics and Engineering where the large deviation principle of probability finds application. Large deviations is a branch of probability theory dealing with approximate computation of the probabilities of rare events. It contains applications of the LDP to pattern recognition problems like analysis of the performance of the EM algorithm for optimal parameter estimation in the presence of weak noise, analysis and control of non-Abelian gauge fields in the presence of noise, and quantum gravity wherein we are concerned with perturbation to the quadratic component of the Einstein-Hilbert Hamiltonian caused by higher order nonlinear terms in the position fields and their effect on the Gibbs statistics and consequently quantum probabilities of events computed using the quantum Gibbs state. The reader will also find in this book applications of LDP to quantum filtering theory as developed by Belavkin based on the celebrated

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Book SynopsisThis is a how to guide for making beginning calculations in modern physics. The academic level is second year college physical science and engineering students. The calculations are performed in Mathematica, and stress graphical visualization, units, and numerical answers. The techniques show the student how to learn the physics without being hung up on the math. There is a continuing movement to introduce more advanced computational methods into lower-level physics courses. Mathematica is a unique tool in that code is written as human readable much like one writes a traditional equation on the board.Key Features:Concise summary of the physics concepts.Over 300 worked examples in Mathematica.Tutorial to allow a beginner to produce fast results.The companion code for this book can be found here:Table of Contents1. Basis of Modern Physics 2. Thermal Radiation 3. Key Processes 4. Special Relativity 5. Bohr Model 6. Particle in a Box 7. Quantum Harmonic Oscillator 8. Hydrogen Atom 9. Statistical Physics 10. Astrophysics Appendix A: Mathematica Starter Appendix B: Physical Constants

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Book SynopsisProviding a holistic overview of general chemistry and its foundational principles, this textbook is an essential accompaniment to students entering the field. It is designed with the reader in mind, presenting the historical development of ideas to frame and center new concepts as well as providing primary and summative sources for all topics covered. These sources help to provide definitive information for the reader, ensuring that all information is peer-reviewed and thoroughly tested.Features: The development of key ideas is presented in their historical context All information presented is supported through citations to chemical literature Problems are incorporated throughout the text and full, worked-out solutions are presented for every problem International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry style and technical guidelines are followed throughout the text The problems, text, and presentation are based on years of classroom re

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Book SynopsisThis textbook serves as an introduction to the field of chemistry, aimed at secondary school students, and it assumes no prior knowledge on the readersâ part. As an introductory text, the book emphasizes fundamental skills that are necessary for chemistry, and science generally. This includes an emphasis on good writing and a focus on problem solving, with problems incorporated throughout the text. To help prepare students to pursue chemistry further, all information presented is in accord with the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistryâs style and technical guidelines and supported through citations to the primary literature.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

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Book SynopsisThe dark universe contains matter and energy unidentifiable with current physical models, accounting for 95% of all the matter and energetic equivalent in the universe. The enormous surplus brings up daunting enigmas, such as the cosmological constant problem and the apparent distortions in the dynamics of deep space, and so coming to grips with the invisible universe has become a scientific imperative.This book addresses this need, reckoning that no cogent physical model of the dark universe can be implemented without first addressing the metaphysical hurdles along the way. The foremost problem is identifying the topology of the universe which, as argued in the book, is highly relevant to unveil the secrets of the dark universe.Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a valuable tool in this effort since it can reconcile conflicting data from deep space with the extant laws of physics by building models to decipher the dark universe. This book explores the applications of AI a

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Book SynopsisWriting clear, impactful reports is a crucial skill for science students, but few books focus on this area for the undergraduate. Particularly useful for biology students, this text adopts a hands-on approach, using example reports and published papers as models to put guidance into practice. An introductory chapter familiarizes undergraduates with the principles of writing science. Two model reports are then developed, walking students through experimental and observational teaching-lab reports. The structure and content of the Introduction, Methods and Materials, Results, and Discussion are explained, together with tips for the title, abstract, and references. Students are then guided on how to polish their first draft. The last section of the book analyzes two published papers, helping the reader transition to reporting original research. Clearly and concisely written, this text offers a much-needed lifeline for science students facing science report-writing for the first time, and Trade Review'This guide for undergraduates - lightweight, and peppered with illustrations and diagrams - will demystify the process of creating an effective lab report. … This text's straightforward approach and rich but concise details make this item an invaluable resource for science majors and elective takers alike.' J. Clemons, ChoiceTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; To the student; Part I. Introduction: 1. Introduction to science and scientific writing; Part II. Writing the First Draft: Format: 2. Starting to write; 3. Introduction; 4. Materials and methods; 5. Results; 6. Discussion; 7. Title and abstract; Part III. Crafting the Final Version: Scientific Style: 8. Revising your paper; 9. References; Part IV. The Anatomy of Scientific Papers: 10. Transitioning to writing about original research; References; Further reading; Index.

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Book SynopsisRequiring only introductory statistics and basic mathematics, this textbook avoids jargon and provides worked examples, data sets and R code, and review exercises. Designed for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates studying biostatistics and experiment design in biology-related fields, it applies statistical concepts to biological scenarios.Trade Review'The new edition of this 'go-to' text, has been revised to take a more holistic, informative, and up-to-date approach to the subject. This remarkably accessible, practical and - at times - entertaining guide to how we can best translate our questions and ideas into informative experiments and analyses is highly recommended for everyone wanting to investigate, visualise, and analyse biological phenomena.' Jonathon Havenhand, University of Gothenburg'The new book is an excellent resource for researchers, analysts and teachers. The text clearly outlines the important concepts of the tests and models. The examples are all based on published data which makes it easy to source the full manuscript, datasets and replicate the analyses which is incredibly important and assists with interpretation.' Victoria Goodall, VLG Statistical Services'At last, a book for undergraduates and graduates that distills the complexities of biological data analysis into an easy-to-understand generalized linear model approach - with examples in R! The authors challenge the reader to think critically about data by providing important details on design, summary statistics, power analysis/effect size, model fit, and data visualization. This book will be used in my classes for years to come.' Greg Moyer, Mansfield University'I have been using Experimental Design and Data Analysis for teaching and research for 20 years and have been hoping for a second edition for 10. It was worth the wait. The new edition shares many attributes with the original. It is quite easy to read, the examples are varied and interesting, there are ample and revealing box examples and there remains an attitude of Statistics as a tool that will be used by many. There are a number of changes that reflect these attributes - two key ones are the emphasis on Generalized Models as a framework for a broad array of approaches and the conversion of examples to R, with code and additional material available online.' Peter Raimondi, University of California, Santa Cruz'I have taught in and coordinated a third-year design/statistics paper for zoology and ecology students for ten years - an enjoyable and sometimes challenging task. The first edition of Quinn and Keough has been immensely helpful for me in teaching this course. The second edition has been updated and expanded considerably. I'm sure it will continue to inspire my future teaching.' Christoph Matthaei, University of Otago'I was excited to see Quinn and Keough have updated their classic guide to experimental design and data analysis. I read the earlier edition of this book as a graduate student, and the advice it provides on experimental design is the foundation of my own studies, as well as my approach to training graduate students … This book is foundational reading for aspiring scientists. Not only does it teach you how to analyse your data, it also provides invaluable advice on how to communicate analyses and write up scientific studies. The book's advice will help give early career scientists the confidence they need to write-up and publish their first studies.' Chris Brown, University of TasmaniaTable of ContentsContents: List of Acronyms; Preface; 1. Introduction; 2. Things to Know Before Proceeding; 3. Sampling and Experimental Design; 4. Introduction to Linear Models; 5. Exploratory Data Analysis; 6. Simple Linear Models with One Predictor; 7. Linear Models for Crossed (Factorial) Designs; 8. Multiple Regression Models; 9. Predictor Importance and Model Selection in Multiple Regression Models; 10. Random Factors in Factorial and Nested Designs; 11. Split-plot (Split-unit) Designs: Partly Nested Models; 12. Repeated Measures Designs; 13. Generalized Linear Models for Categorical Responses; 14. Introduction to Multivariate Analyses; 15. Multivariate Analyses Based on Eigenanalyses; 16. Multivariate Analyses Based on (dis)similarities or Distances; 17. Telling Stories with Data; References; Glossary; Index.

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Book SynopsisPlasma methods that effectively combine ultraviolet radiation, active chemicals, and high electric fields offer an alternative to conventional water treatment methods. However, knowledge of the electric breakdown of liquids has not kept pace with this increasing interest, mostly due to the complexity of phenomena related to the plasma breakdown process. Plasma Discharge in Liquid: Water Treatment and Applications provides engineers and scientists with a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena associated with plasma discharges in liquids, particularly in water. It also examines state-of-the-art plasma-assisted water treatment technologies.The Physics & Applications of Underwater Plasma DischargesThe first part of the book describes the physical mechanism of pulsed electric breakdown in water and other liquids. It looks at how plasma is generated in liquids and discusses the electronic and bubble mechanism theories for how the electric discharge in liquid is initiated. The second part of the book focuses on various water treatment applications, including: Decontamination of volatile organic compounds and remediation of contaminated water Microorganism sterilization and other biological applications Cooling water treatment Drawing extensively on recent research, this one-stop reference combines the physics and applications of electric breakdown in liquids in a single volume. It offers a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and students interested in the topic of plasmas in liquids.Trade Review"The approach and selection of topics are relevant to the technology for effective water treatment. The book can be useful to the researchers and students in this field, and can provide practical solutions for water treatment technology. In addition this book may aid knowledge in usage of plasma technology in other liquid domain."—Rupak K. Banerjee, PhD, PE, Fellow ASME, University of Cincinnati and Kallol Bera, PhD, Applied Materials, Inc., California, USATable of ContentsIntroduction. Generation of Plasma in Liquid. Bubble and Electronic Initiation Mechanism. Decontamination of Volatile Organic Compounds. Biological Applications. Cooling Water Treatment Using Plasma. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisRaymond N. Greenwell earned a B.A. in Mathematics and Physics from the University of San Diego, and an M.S. in Statistics, an M.S. in Applied Mathematics, and a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from Michigan State University, where he earned the graduate student teaching award in 1979. After teaching at Albion College in Michigan for four years, he moved to Hofstra University in 1983, where he currently is Professor of Mathematics. Raymond has published articles on fluid mechanics, mathematical biology, genetic algorithms, combinatorics, statistics, and undergraduate mathematics education. He is a member of MAA, AMS, SIAM, NCTM, and AMATYC. He has served as governor of the Metropolitan New York Section of the MAA, as well as webmaster and liaison coordinator, and he received a distinguished service award from the Section in 2003. He is an outdoor enthusiast and leads trips in the Sierra Club's Inner City Outings program. Nathan P. Ritchey Table of ContentsR. Algebra Reference R.1 Polynomials R.2 Factoring R.3 Rational Expressions R.4 Equations R.5 Inequalities R.6 Exponents R.7 Radicals 1. Functions 1.1 Lines and Linear Functions 1.2 The Least Squares Line 1.3 Properties of Functions 1.4 Quadratic Functions; Translation and Reflection 1.5 Polynomial and Rational Functions Chapter Review Extended Application: Using Extrapolation to Predict Life Expectancy2. Exponential, Logarithmic, and Trigonometric Functions 2.1 Exponential Functions 2.2 Logarithmic Functions 2.3 Applications: Growth and Decay 2.4 Trigonometric Functions Chapter Review Extended Application: Power Functions 3. The Derivative 3.1 Limits 3.2 Continuity 3.3 Rates of Change 3.4 Definition of the Derivative 3.5 Graphical Differentiation Chapter Review Extended Application: A Model For Drugs Administered Intravenously 4. Calculating the Derivative 4.1 Techniques for Finding Derivatives 4.2 Derivatives of Products and Quotients 4.3 The Chain Rule 4.4 Derivatives of Exponential Functions 4.5 Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions 4.6 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions Chapter Review Extended Application: Managing Renewable Resources 5. Graphs and the Derivative 5.1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions 5.2 Relative Extrema 5.3 Higher Derivatives, Concavity, and the Second Derivative Test 5.4 Curve Sketching Chapter Review Extended Application: A Drug Concentration Model for Orally Administered Medications 6. Applications of the Derivative 6.1 Absolute Extrema 6.2 Applications of Extrema 6.3 Implicit Differentiation 6.4 Related Rates 6.5 Differentials: Linear Approximation Chapter Review Extended Application: A Total Cost Model for a Training Program 7. Integration 7.1 Antiderivatives 7.2 Substitution 7.3 Area and the Definite Integral 7.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 7.5 The Area Between Two Curves Chapter Review Extended Application: Estimating Depletion Dates for Minerals 8. Further Techniques and Applications of Integration 8.1 Numerical Integration 8.2 Integration by Parts 8.3 Volume and Average Value 8.4 Improper Integrals Chapter Review Extended Application: Flow Systems 9. Multivariable Calculus 9.1 Functions of Several Variables 9.2 Partial Derivatives 9.3 Maxima and Minima 9.4 Total Differentials and Approximations 9.5 Double Integrals Chapter Review Extended Application: Optimization for a Predator 10. Matrices 10.1 Solution of Linear Systems 10.2 Addition and Subtraction of Matrices 10.3 Multiplication of Matrices 10.4 Matrix Inverses 10.5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Chapter Review Extended Application: Contagion 11. Differential Equations 11.1 Solutions of Elementary and Separable Differential Equations 11.2 Linear First-Order Differential Equations 11.3 Euler's Method 11.4 Linear Systems of Differential Equations 11.5 Non-Linear Systems of Differential Equations 11.6 Applications of Differential Equations Chapter Review Extended Application: Pollution of the Great Lakes 12. Probability

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisAny research that uses new organic chemicals, or ones that are not commercially available, will at some time require the synthesis of such compounds. Therefore, organic synthesis is important in many areas of both applied and academic research, from chemistry to biology, biochemistry, and materials science. The third edition of a bestseller, Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry is a guide that explains the basic techniques of organic chemistry, presenting the necessary information for readers to carry out widely used modern organic synthesis reactions. This book is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as industrial organic chemists, particularly those involved in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other areas of fine chemical research. It provides the novice or nonspecialist with the often difficult-to-find information on reagent properties needed to perform general techniques. With over 80 years combined experience training and developing organic rTrade ReviewPraise for Previous Editions"…concise and highly readable … I would recommend this book as an essential purchase for all new research students in the area of organic synthesis"—Synthesis, June 1995"This book should be present in every organic chemistry research laboratory…a bargain at the price."—Chemistry & Industry, July 1995"Reading this book is like having a thoughtful and smart tutor guiding all your steps in the laboratory…excellent choice.."—Physical Sciences Educational ReviewsPraise for the Second Edition:"… an essential purchase for all new research students in the area of organic synthesis."—Synthesis"This book should be present in every organic chemistry research laboratory…" —Chemistry & Industry"Reading this book is like having a thoughtful and smart tutor guiding all your steps in the laboratory … excellent choice."—Physical Sciences Educational ReviewsTable of ContentsGeneral introduction. Safety. Keeping records of laboratory work. Equipping the laboratory and the bench. Purification and drying of solvents. Reagents: Preparation, purification, and handling. Gases. Vacuum pumps. Carrying out the reaction. Working up the reaction. Purification. Small-scale reactions. Large-scale reactions. Special procedures. Characterization. Troubleshooting: What to do when things don't work. The chemical literature. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisSeveral years later, IBM responded with a system called Lucifer that came to simply be known as DES (data encryption standard).The strength of an encryption system is best measured by the attacks it is able to withstand, and because DES was the federal standard, many tried to test its limits.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: An excellent story about the thousands of volunteers who battled to prove that the aging standard for date encryption was too weak and to wrestle strong cryptography from the control of the U.S. government...It is a worthy book for almost anyone who has a computer. -Louis Kruh, Cryptologia, Volume 30, 2006 Brute Force is about as entertaining a read as you will get on cryptography. It provides a detailed account of how DES was taken down and is an interesting read for any student of cryptography and the crypto wars of the 1990s. -Ben Rothke, UnixReview.com, September 2005 Matt Curtin was right at the heart of the Deschall cracking effort, and his book is excellent in describing the day-to-day progress towards the goal... -Richard Clayton, Times Higher Education Supplement (U.K.), October 2005 "This book is an exciting popular account of an important event nearly ten years ago in the social history of cryptography. … The book is written to tell the story of how the DESCHALL (Des challenge) project came together, to encourage interest in cryptography amongst the young and to make the subject more accessible to people. It would seem to be successful on all counts." (P. D. F. Ion, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2006 j) "DESCHALL’s goal was to search through 72 quadrillion keys to demonstrate the feasibility of a brute force attack on DES … . Curtin starts with the genesis of DES … . he manages to keep interest alive with a taut but lively prose, a focus on the human element of the story … . the non-technical reader will appreciate the evocative similes … . Perhaps most intriguing in Curtin’s narrative are … the human and social aspect of divvying up the workload … ." (Daniel Bilar, MathDL, November, 2005)Table of ContentsContents Introduction 1. 90MHZ Pentium 2. Data Encryption Standard 3. Key Length 3.1 Symmetric Cryptography 3.2 Codes 3.3. Susceptibility to Brute Force Attacks 3.4 Substitution Ciphers 3.5 Asymetric Cryptography 4. RSA Crypto Challenge 5. Law Enforcement Concerns 6. Supercomputer 7. Show Me the Code 8. Project Follows Code 9. Organizing DESCHALL 10. Announcing DESCHALL 11. Getting Attention 12. Front Running 13. Haystack 14. Clients 14.1 Verser DES Key Search Method 14.2 More Speed for Intel 15. Architecture 15.1 Boot Disks 15.2 Client Management 15.3 Dialup Users 15.3.1. Dialup in Windows 15.3.2. Dialup in OS/2 16. Every Machine Counts 17. Competition 18. Summer Vacation 19. 100% CPU 20.Transition 21. Requests 22. Perseverance 23. Network 24. Download 25. SolNET 26. Get Off Your Duff 27. Short Circuit 28. Media 29. Volume 30. Too Much Is Never Enough 31. Proposal 32. In the Lead 33. Recruit 34. SolNET Drops Off 35. Threats 36. Crypto News 37. Rivalry 38. Overdrive 39. Disturbed 40. Back Door 41. Second Stage 42. Obstacle 43. DESGUI 44. Export 45. Keeping It Together 46. Getting Word Out 47. No DESCHALL Here 48. Schedule 49. SolNET Stumbles 50. A Few Hundred Clients 51. New Statistics 52. Bitslice 53. Crypto Battle 54. SolNET Recovers 55. Server Outrage 56. SGI 57. Netlag 58. Terminal Velocity 59. Photoshoot 60. Integrity 61. Workaround 62. Morale 63.Strong Cryptography Makes the World a Safer Place 64. Talking Head 65. Effect 66. Saying the Course 67. Five Years Later 68. Next Steps 68.1 Other Stuff A DESCHALL Press Release

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Book SynopsisEverything You Need to Know about Mathematics for Science and EngineeringUpdated and expanded with new topics, The Mathematics Companion: Mathematical Methods for Physicists and Engineers, 2nd Edition presents the essential core of mathematical principles needed by scientists and engineers. Starting from the basic concepts of trigonometry, the book covers calculus, differential equations, and vector calculus. A new chapter on applications discusses how we see objects mathematically with the eye, how quantum mechanics works, and more.A Convenient, Student-Friendly Format Rich with Diagrams and Clear ExplanationsThe book presents essential mathematics ideas from basic to advanced level in a way that is useful to both students and practicing professionals. It offers a unique and educational approach that is the signature style of the author's companion books. The author explains mathematical concepts clearly, concisely, and visually, ilTrade Review"The book summarizes basic notions of mathematical methods for physicists and engineers in a schematic way. It is aimed both at science students and physicists who need a quick handy reference when they have to solve a specific mathematical problem."—Applications of Mathematics, 60, 2015Praise for the First Edition:"This is an interesting and useful little book … .it is very well done, and everything that might be expected to be there is there … . The book might also be invaluable for those undergraduate students in Mathematics, Science, or Engineering, who need to undertake first- and second-year courses in Mathematics, and it will serve those who wish to have quick access to all those formulae that seem to be so readily forgotten."—Australian Physics, March/April 2006Table of ContentsPart 1 Essential Mathematics: Basic mathematics. Differentiation. Integration. Exponentials and logarithms. Hyperbolic functions. Infinite series. Part 2 Advance Mathematics: Ordinary differential equations. Laplace transforms. Vector analysis. Partial derivatives. Multiple integrals. Fourier series. Special functions. Partial differential equations.

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Book SynopsisAccess to accurate, evidence-based, and clinically relevant information is essential to anyone who uses or recommends herbal products. With input from some of the most respected experts in herbal and integrative medicine, this completely revised edition of the American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook reviews both traditional knowledge and contemporary research on herbs to provide an authoritative resource on botanical safety. The book covers more than 500 species of herbs and provides a holistic understanding of safety through data compiled from clinical trials, pharmacological and toxicological studies, medical case reports, and historical texts. For each species, a brief safety summary is provided for quick reference, along with a detailed review of the literature. Easily understood classification systems are used to indicate the safety of each listed species and the potential for the species to interact with drugs. Enhancements to Trade Review"AHPA’s Botanical Safety Handbook is, without a doubt, an extremely valuable reference book that is highly recommended to product manufacturers, healthcare practitioners, regulatory agencies, industrial and academic researchers, and herbal product consumers."—Charles J. Knill and John F. Kennedy, Chembiotech Laboratories, in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"Whenever there are questions or compositional uncertainties about a material, the toxicologist’s brow becomes populated with beads of perspiration. However, in the case of quantifying toxicity and making a human health risk assessment for a botanical product or component the toxicologists can get help from the American Herbal Products Association’s Botanical Safety Handbook, Second Edition (BSH).The BSH is hefty by any objective measure such as dimensions, weight and content; it will likely be judged by its users as comprehensive. BSH covers over 500 herbs within almost 1,100 pages.BSH is a valuable resource for a toxicologist to understand the arena in which he or she is practicing their profession … using BSH gives valuable background information located in one place, reducing the literature searching time for obtaining background information on a botanical.… the BSH is a necessary reference in the personal library of toxicologists that routinely conduct hazard analyses and human health risk assessments of botanicals. Those toxicologists that assess the human health risks of botanicals will find a vast amount of generic background information that will supplement their activities. In addition, toxicologists will discover clear and valuable guidance and directions for making their human health risk assessments of botanicals."—John A. Budny in the International Journal of Toxicology, 2013 32: 466"… Although this edition covers approximately the same number of herbs as the first, expanded entries quadruple the number of pages. Records for medicinal herbs include summaries and reference lists, safety and interaction classifications, name variants, and plant partes) used. Inaccurate/unsubstantiated information often appears in publications providing safety evaluations of natural products. To increase the validity of this handbook, attempts were made to identify questionable reports as well as studies lacking sufficient details about formulations used; when included, limitations of such studies are noted. … This reference work will appeal to health care professionals, members of the public, and industry personnel interested in the safety and potential interactions of herbal products. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Graduate students and above; general readers.—J. Saxton, Bastyr University, in CHOICE Magazine"I have long anticipated examining an upgraded second edition. I was pleased to find that the revised content included input from a highly qualified expert advisory council … The vastly expanded content provides safety information on more than 550 species of herbs and includes new herbs, many from the Ayurvedic tradition. … overall this book fills an essential niche by intelligently addressing specific practical issues in the broad context of botanical safety concerns. I certainly will be referring to it regularly."—Francis Brinker, ND, HerbalGram, Issue 99, 2013"Now, thanks to the recent publication of the new edition of the American Herbal Products Association’s (AHPA) Botanical Safety Handbook, no health professional needs to make an uninformed decision [on drug interactions with herbs] ever again. … The most exhaustive reference of its kind ever assembled, the AHPA Botanical Safety Handbook distills in one place hundreds of thousands of pages of scientific and medical information on herbs – the most widely employed class of health remedies in the world. Without question, the handbook answers the question, "Is it safe?" … With the AHPA Botanical Safety Handbook on hand, now every doctor, nurse, pharmacist, clinic and hospital can have readily on hand the definitive guide to recurring herbal questions."—Chris Kilham, Foxnews.com, May 8, 2013"...a very valuable reference for anyone selling, manufacturing or using medicinal herbs and perhaps will help clear the way for setting better legal and labeling standards of herbs."—American Herb Association "A basic reference text which should be on every herbalist's shelf! . . . It is very complete and includes many Chinese and Ayurvedic herbs as well. Congratulations to AHPA on an excellent and much needed text. Thank you!"—Robyn's Recommended Reading"An absolutely necessary reference book, this book gives cautions and contraindications for more than 600 plants. Don't expect fun reading-it is strictly a reference book. BUY IT!"—The Herbal Connection"The Handbook is a very readable and authoritative reference for herbal products, their usage, toxicity, and contraindications."—The Microscope"This book represents a significant revision and expansion of the first edition… [it is] a very important, extraordinarily detailed compilation of safety data on botanicals used in human health products. It will be an excellent resource for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals, academicians, researchers, regulators, consumers, and even marketers and advertisers. Every school of pharmacy, medicine, and nursing should have a copy in its library."—John H. Cardellina, II, ReevesGroup Virginia Beach, Virginia, United StatesTable of ContentsPreface to the First Edition. Preface. Acknowledgments. Editors. Expert Advisory Council. Introduction. A to Z Listing of Herbs. Appendix I: Herbal Constituent Profiles. Appendix 2: Herbal Action Profiles. Appendix 3: Herbal Interaction. Appendix 4: Safety of Botanicals in Pregnancy and Lactation. Appendix 5: Herb Listings by Classification.

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Book SynopsisGreen chemistry involves designing novel ways to create and synthesize products and implement processes that will eliminate or greatly reduce negative environmental impacts. The Green Chemistry Laboratory Manual for General Chemistry provides educational laboratory materials that challenge students with the customary topics found in a general chemistry laboratory manual, while encouraging them to investigate the practice of green chemistry. Following a consistent format, each lab experiment begins with objectives and prelab questions highlighting important issues that must be understood prior to getting started. This is followed by detailed step-by-step procedures for performing the experiments. Students report specific results in sections designated for data, observations, and calculations. Once each experiment is completed, analysis questions test students' comprehension of the results. Additional questions encourage inquiry-based investigations and further research Trade Review"…a welcome change and direction for enriching the laboratory experience of students."— Colin F. Poole, Wayne State University, in Chromatographia."This book is designed as a laboratory manual ready to be used by students. It’s suitable for late secondary or elementary tertiary-level courses. … experiments highlight a feature also found in other chapters – the links made between chemistry and everyday life. This problem-based approach has to be lauded. Overall, this book provides an introduction to green chemistry and engages students in the process of challenging traditional methods by benchmarking them against the 12 principles of green chemistry."— Thomas Logothetis, for Education in Chemistry, August 2016."…a welcome change and direction for enriching the laboratory experience of students."— Colin F. Poole, Wayne State University, in Chromatographia."This book is designed as a laboratory manual ready to be used by students. It’s suitable for late secondary or elementary tertiary-level courses. … experiments highlight a feature also found in other chapters – the links made between chemistry and everyday life. This problem-based approach has to be lauded. Overall, this book provides an introduction to green chemistry and engages students in the process of challenging traditional methods by benchmarking them against the 12 principles of green chemistry."— Thomas Logothetis, for Education in Chemistry, August 2016.Table of ContentsDetermining the percent of water in epsom salt. Determination of the formula of a copper supplement. Determination of mass and mole relationships in a chemical reaction. Finding ethanol's molar mass using vapor density. Determining molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure. Determining the enthalpy change for solvation reactions. Spectroscopic determination of food dye in popsicles. Separation of food dyes by paper chromatography. What is the best solution to lower a freezing point? Standardization of a sodium hydroxide solution. Determining the amount of acid in ketchup and hot sauce. Using an appropriate indicator for acid-base titrations. Preparation and properties of buffer solutions. Determination of the rate of reaction and its order. Equilibrium constant for ferric ion-salicylic acid complex determination. Determination of amount of ascorbic acid in a vitamin C tablet by redox titration. Qualitative analysis of metal cations and using ion-selective electrodes. How to determine the order of an electrochemical series. Voltaic cells and how batteries are made. Synthesis and chemical analysis of sodium iron (III) EDTA. Analysis of biodiesel synthesized from canola oil.

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Book SynopsisMarine environment can be affected by several pollutants such as the presence of elements and their chemical species, pharmaceuticals, nanoparticles and other emerging contaminants. Environmental monitoring can be assessed by genomics, proteomics (i.e. redox proteomics), chemical speciation analysis and metallomics, metabolomics as well as other advanced strategies. The present book is a useful methodological tool for researchers and specialists in the field of analytical chemistry, environmental sciences, biochemistry, genomics and toxicology. The book includes for the first time the methodological aspects and applications related to chemical speciation and omics strategies applied to marine environment. Table of ContentsElement Speciation in Seawater: From Free Metal Determination to Proteomic Analysis. The Decisive Role of ICPMS and Related Hyphenated Techniques in Multielement and Speciation Analysis of Marine Biota. Mercury Speciation in Marine Biota and its Influence on Human Health: Metallomic and Metabolomic Approaches. Selenium Speciation in the Marine Environment. Arsenic Occurrence in Marine Biota: The Analytical Approach. Biological Effects of Organotins on the Marine Environment. Functional Genomics Approaches in Marine Pollution and Aquaculture. New Trends in Aquatic Pollution Monitoring: From Conventional Biomarkers to Environmental Proteomics. Protein Expression Profiles in Marine Organisms Exposed to Nanoparticles. Effects of Climate Change in Marine Organisms: A Proteomic Approach. Environmental Metabolomics and Toxicometabolomics in Marine Pollution Assessment. Fate and Toxicity of Inorganic Engineered Nanomaterials in the Marine Environment: Analytical Techniques and Methods. Pharmaceuticals in the Marine Environment: Analytical Techniques and Applications. Biological Effects of Pharmaceuticals on the Marine Environment.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a reference for researchers who want to learn about resonant periodic structures for applications in microstrip circuits. The readers can learn simple methods to analyze these structures using commercially available software and equivalent circuit modelling. The application examples demonstrated in the book will open up new research ideas in this field.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Periodic Structures in Electromagnetics. Planar Periodic Structures as Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Surfaces. Compact Planar Periodic Structure as Band-Rejection Filter. Reconfigurable Periodic Structures. Application of Compact Planar Periodic Structure in Bandpass Filters and Diplexers. Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) Application.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph discusses in detail the compacting conditions and the resultant structure and properties of metals, composites and ceramics. It covers the basic aspects of science and technology of explosive compaction. Comprise chapters on Shock Waves in Matter, Technology of Explosive Compaction, Explosive Compaction of Metallic Powders, Explosive Compaction of Composites, Explosive Compaction of Ceramic and Super-Hard Materials, Industrial Applications and Directions for future Research including Shock Synthesis of New Materials. The coverage is extensive and the style is simple. A number of figures and micrographs enrich the presentation further. This monograph is well structured to be a textbook to students of engineering in colleges and universities and to engineers interested in using this technology.Table of ContentsIntroduction Shock Waves in Matter: The Equation of the State of Shocked Matter; The Equation of State of Shocked Porous Matter; Response of Solids to Shock Waves; Quantitative Characterization of Explosives for Generation of Shock Waves; References Technology of Explosive Compaction: The Explosive Compaction Process; Importance of the Shock Front; Optimization of Parameters for Explosive Compaction; Computer Simulation of Explosive Compaction: Study of Parameters; References Explosive Compaction of Metallic Powders: Introduction; Methods of Explosive Compaction; Mechanisms of Consolidation; Bonding During Explosive Compaction; Nature of Compacts Produced by Explosive Compaction; Microstructures of Explosively Compacted Materials; Defect Structure and Substructure in Explosively Consolidated Materials; Mechanical Properties of Explosively Compacted Materials; Explosive Compaction of Selected Metals and Alloys; Explosive Compaction of Nanocrystalline Materials; Explosive Compaction of Metallic Glasses; Results with Hot Explosive Pressing; References Explosive Compaction of Composites: Effect of Impact Energy on Density; Effect of Ratio of Explosive Mass (me) to Powder Mass (mp) on Density; Mechanical Working of Explosively Compacted Composites; Ageing Behaviour of Explosively Compacted and Rolled Composites; Mechanical Properties of Explosively Compacted and Hot-Rolled Composites; Fibre-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites; References Explosive Compaction of Ceramic and Super-Hard Materials: Introduction; Explosive Compaction at Room-Temperature; Hot Explosive Compaction; Explosive Compaction of Diamond Powders; Optimum Conditions for Explosive Compaction; References Industrial Applications and Opportunities for Research: Introduction; Industrial Applications of Explosive Compaction; Industrial Applications of Shock Synthesis; Main Problems Related to Semi-Finished Products; Opportunities for Research; Concluding Remarks; References Review Aid Problems

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Book SynopsisThis is a comprehensive, reader-friendly treatment of the theory behind modern elastic composite materials. The treatment includes recently developed results and methods drawn from research papers published in Eastern Europe that until now were unavailable in many western countries. Among the book's many notable features is the inclusion of more than 400 problems, many of which are solved at the end of the book. Mechanics of Elastic Composites is an outstanding textbook for graduate-level course work and a valuable reference for engineers and researchers. Developed over many years by leading experts in the field, this book will remain an important contribution to the literature for years to come.Table of ContentsList of Figures, Chapter 1 ELEMENTS OF TENSOR CALCULUS, Chapter 2 ELEMENTS OF LINEAR ELASTOSTATICS, Chapter 3 COMPOSITE LAMINATES, Chapter 4 MACROSCOPICALLY ELASTIC COMPOSITES, Chapter 5 THETHREE-DIMENSIONALLINEARIZED THEORY, Chapter 6 BUCKLING OF COMPOSITE STRIPS ANDBARS, Chapter 7 STABILITY OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES, Chapter 8 FRACTURE MECHANICS, SOLUTIONS TO SOME PROBLEMS

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Book SynopsisThis book covers development in scanning probe microscopies, electron, ion and photon based spectroscopies, structure imaging, analysis and atomic co-ordination, mechanical evaluation of surfaces, characterisation of polishing damage and creep, and measurement of dielectric, piezoelectric and thermal properties. Materials featured include refractories, engineering ceramics, glasses, composites and electronic ceramics.

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Book SynopsisA key to the successful exploitation of modern coating systems lies in the generation and acceptance of appropriate quality assurance and control (QA and QC) standards. There is a proliferation of papers in the literature extolling the benefits of novel coatings and coating systems but there is still an urgent need to characterise, understand and interpret the reported enhanced performance of such coatings. This book addresses comprehensively quality issues.

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains papers presented at the fifth International Seminar on the ''Numerical Analysis of Weldability'' which was held in September 1999 at its usual location in Schloss Seggau near Graz, Austria. This biennial meeting was organised by the Institute of Materials Science and Welding Technology of the Technical University of Graz and the working group ''Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena'' of Commission IX of the International Institute of Welding (IIW). The academic aim of these meetings is to publish authorative, well-written, refereed, and edited articles which are written in sufficient depth to enable the ready reproduction of the work and to serve as teaching material.

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Book SynopsisFoundations of the Theory of Elasticity, Plasticity, and Viscoelasticity details fundamental and practical skills and approaches for carrying out research in the field of modern problems in the mechanics of deformed solids, which involves the theories of elasticity, plasticity, and viscoelasticity. The book includes all modern methods of research as well as the results of the authors’ recent work and is presented with sufficient mathematical strictness and proof.The first six chapters are devoted to the foundations of the theory of elasticity. Theory of stress-strain state, physical relations and problem statements, variation principles, contact and 2D problems, and the theory of plates are presented, and the theories are accompanied by examples of solving typical problems.The last six chapters will be useful to postgraduates and scientists engaged in nonlinear mechanics of deformed inhomogeneous bodies. The foundations of the modern theory of plasticity (general, small elastoplastic deformations and the theory of flow), linear, and nonlinear viscoelasticity are set forth. Corresponding research of three-layered circular plates of various materials is included to illustrate methods of problem solving. Analytical solutions and numerical results for elastic, elastoplastic, lineaer viscoelastic and viscoelastoplastic plates are also given. Thermoviscoelastoplastic characteristics of certain materials needed for numerical account are presented in the eleventh chapter.The informative book is intended for scientists, postgraduates and higher-level students of engineering spheres and will provide important practical skills and approaches.Trade Review“In this new book, the authors present contemporary approaches to the formulation and solution of problems in the theory of elasticity, plasticity, and viscoelasticity. The traditional sections of the course of the theory of elasticity and plasticity are presented in the modern interpretation, clearly and in an easy-to-understand manner. The tensor form of writing is used along with the coordinate form, which facilitates the student to understand the material. The analytical solutions and numerical results for elastic, elastic-plastic, linear viscoelastic and viscous elastoplastic three-layer circular plates under quasi-static and dynamic stresses are the results of the authors’ own work.”--D. V. Tarlakovsky, DSc, Head, Department of Resistance of Materials, Dynamics and Strength of Machines, Moscow State Aviation Institute, Russia“The book is devoted to the mechanics of deformable bodies. The authors present the results of many years of basic research. The book features a deep, comprehensive, and rigorous study of the issues covered. The authors have carefully and thoroughly studied the mechanics of deformable bodies and provide solutions. The methods will undoubtedly be useful to many researchers in this field. The methods illustrated in Chapter 8, on the theory of plasticity, and Chapter 11, which deals with the thermal effects on a number of specific materials, can be used to advance the construction of the theory of thermoviscoelastoplasticity, which is extremely important not only in theoretical terms, but also for the development of industrial production and processing of conductive material. The book will be of great benefit in the work of researchers and students in the field of solid mechanics.”--Professor Mark Liberzon, Head, Department of Analytical Mechanics, and Vice President, Tsyolkovsky Moscow Aviation Technological University; Vice President, Russian Engineering Academy, Moscow, RussiaTable of ContentsThe Theory of Stress-Strain State. Physical Relations in the Elasticity Theory. Statement and Problem-Solving Procedures of Elasticity Theory. Variational Methods. The Plane Elastic Problems. Plate Bending. Deformation of a Half-Space and Contact Problems. Foundations of the Theory of Plasticity. Linear Viscoelastic Continua. Thermoviscoelastoplasticity. Thermoviscoelastoplastic Characteristics of Materials. Dynamic Problems of the Elasticity Theory.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an extensive overview of the principles and methods of sample size calculation and recalculation in clinical trials. Appropriate calculation of the required sample size is crucial for the success of clinical trials. At the same time, a sample size that is too small or too large is problematic due to ethical, scientific, and economic reasons. Therefore, state-of-the art methods are required when planning clinical trials. Part I describes a general framework for deriving sample size calculation procedures. This enables an understanding of the common principles underlying the numerous methods presented in the following chapters. Part II addresses the fixed sample size design, where the required sample size is determined in the planning stage and is not changed afterwards. It covers sample size calculation methods for superiority, non-inferiority, and equivalence trials, as well as comparisons between two and more than two groups. A wide range of further topics is discussed, including sample size calculation for multiple comparisons, safety assessment, and multi-regional trials. There is often some uncertainty about the assumptions to be made when calculating the sample size upfront. Part III presents methods that allow to modify the initially specified sample size based on new information that becomes available during the ongoing trial. Blinded sample size recalculation procedures for internal pilot study designs are considered, as well as methods for sample size reassessment in adaptive designs that use unblinded data from interim analyses. The application is illustrated using numerous clinical trial examples, and software code implementing the methods is provided. The book offers theoretical background and practical advice for biostatisticians and clinicians from the pharmaceutical industry and academia who are involved in clinical trials. Covering basic as well as more advanced and recently developed methods, it is suitable for beginners, experienced applied statisticians, and practitioners. To gain maximum benefit, readers should be familiar with introductory statistics. The content of this book has been successfully used for courses on the topic.Trade Review“The R source code is shown by chapter, well-documented, and easy to find and follow as brief descriptions and necessary specifications for the function calls are given by means of comments. … a wide area of application fields is covered and exhaustive literature references for further reading are given. … The presentation of the material is very reader-friendly, easily accessible and pedagogical … . It is likewise highly recommended … . This is an effective and nicely written reference textbook.” (Oke Gerke, ISCB News, iscb.info, Vol. 72, December, 2021)Table of ContentsPart I Basics 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and outline 1.2 Examples 1.2.1 The ChroPac trial 1.2.2 The Parkinson trial 1.3 General considerations when calculating sample sizes 2 Statistical test and sample size calculation 2.1 The main principle of statistical testing 2.2 The main principle of sample size calculation Part II Sample size calculation 3 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for difference or superiority 3.1 Background and notation 3.2 z-test 3.3 t-test 3.4 Analysis of covariance 3.5 Bayesian approach 3.5.1 Background 3.5.2 Methods 4 Comparison of two groups for continuous and ordered categorical outcomes and test for difference or superiority 4.1 Background and notation 4.2 Continuous outcomes 4.3 Ordered categorical outcomes 4.3.1 Assumption-free approach 4.3.2 Assuming proportional odds 5 Comparison of two groups for binary outcomes and test for difference and superiority 5.1 Background and notation 5.2 Asymptotic tests 5.2.1 Difference of rates as effect measure 5.2.2 Risk ratio as effect measure 5.2.3 Odds ratio as effect measure 5.2.4 Logistic regression 5.3 Exact unconditional tests 5.3.1 Background 5.3.2 Fisher-Boschloo test 6 Comparison of two groups for time-to-event outcomes and test for differences or superiority 6.1 Background and notation 6.1.1 Time-to-event data 6.1.2 Sample size calculation for time-to-event data 6.2 Exponentially distributed time-to-event data 6.3 Time-to-event data with proportional hazards 6.3.1 Approach of Schoenfeld 6.3.2 Approach of Freedman 7 Comparison of more than two groups and test for difference 7.1 Background and notation 7.2 Normally distributed outcomes 7.3 Continuous outcomes 7.4 Binary outcomes 7.4.1 Analysis with chi-square test 7.4.2 Analysis with Cochran-Armitage test 7.5 Time-to-event outcomes 8 Comparison of two groups and test for non-inferiority 8.1 Background and notation 8.2 Normally distributed outcomes 8.2.1 Difference of means 8.2.2 Ratio of means 8.3 Continuous and ordered categorical outcomes 8.4 Binary outcomes 8.4.1 Analysis with asymptotic tests 8.4.1.1 Difference of rates as effect measure 8.4.1.2 Risk ratio as effect measure 8.4.1.3 Odds ratio as effect measure 8.4.2 Exact unconditional tests 8.4.2.1 Background 8.4.2.2 Difference of rates as effect measure 8.4.2.3 Risk ratio as effect measure 8.4.2.4 Odds ratio as effect measure 8.5 Time-to-event outcomes 9 Comparison of three groups in the gold standard non-inferiority design 9.1 Background and notation 9.2 Net effect approach 9.3 Fraction effect approach 10 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for equivalence 10.1 Background and notation 10.2 Difference of means 10.3 Ratio of means 11 Multiple comparisons 11.1 Background and notation 11.2 Generally applicable sample size calculation methods and applications 11.2.1 Methods 11.2.2 Applications 11.3 Multiple endpoints 11.3.1 Background and notation 11.3.2 Methods 11.4 More than two groups 11.4.1 Background and notation 11.4.2 Dunnett test 12 Assessment of safety 12.1 Background and notation 12.2 Testing hypotheses on the event probability 12.3 Estimating the occurrence probability of an event with specified precision 12.4 Observing at least one event 13 Cluster-randomized trials 13.1 Background and notation 13.2 Normally distributed outcomes 13.2.1 Cluster-level analysis 13.2.2 Individual-level analysis 13.2.3 Dealing with unequal cluster size 13.3 Other scale levels of the outcome 14 Multi-regional trials 14.1 Background and notation 14.2 Sample size calculation for demonstrating consistency of global results and results for a specified region 14.3 Sample size calculation for demonstrating a consistent trend across all regions 15 Integrated planning of phase II/III drug development programs 15.1 Background and notation 15.2 Optimizing phase II/III programs 16 Simulation-based sample size calculation Part III Sample size recalculation 17 Background Part IIIA Blinded sample size recalculation in internal pilot study designs 18 Background and notation 19 A general approach for controlling the type I error rate for blinded sample size recalculation 20 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for difference or superiority 20.1 t-Test 20.1.1 Background and notation 20.1.2 Blinded variance estimation 20.1.3 Type I error rate 20.1.4 Power and sample size 20.2 Analysis of covariance 20.2.1 Background and notation 20.2.2 Blinded variance estimation 20.2.3 Type I error rate 20.2.4 Power and sample size 21 Comparison of two groups for binary outcomes and test for difference or superiority 21.1 Background and notation 21.2 Asymptotic tests 21.2.1 Difference of rates as effect measure 21.2.2 Risk ratio and odds ratio as effect measure 21.3 Fisher-Boschloo test 22 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for non-inferiority 22.1 t-Test 22.1.1 Background and notation 22.1.2 Blinded variance estimation 22.1.3 Type I error rate 22.1.4 Power and sample size 22.2 Analysis of covariance 23 Comparison of two groups for binary outcomes and test for non-inferiority 23.1 Background and notation 23.2 Difference of rates as effect measure 23.3 Risk ratio and odds ratio as effect measure 24 Comparison of two groups for normally distributed outcomes and test for equivalence 25 Regulatory and operational aspects 26 Concluding remarks Part IIIB Unblinded sample size recalculation in adaptive designs 27 Background and notation 27.1 Group-sequential designs 27.2 Adaptive designs 27.2.1 Combination function approach 27.2.2 Conditional error function approach 28 Sample size recalculation based on conditional power 28.1 Background and notation 28.2 Using the interim estimate of the effect 28.3 Using the initially specified effect 28.4 Using prior information as well as the interim effect estimate 29 Sample size recalculation by optimization 30 Regulatory and operational aspects 31 Concluding remarks Appendix: Selected R software code References

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an overview of the emerging topics in biostatistical theories and methods through their applications to evidence-based global health research and decision-making. It brings together some of the top scholars engaged in biostatistical method development on global health to highlight and describe recent advances in evidence-based global health applications. The volume is composed of five main parts: data harmonization and analysis; systematic review and statistical meta-analysis; spatial-temporal modeling and disease mapping; Bayesian statistical modeling; and statistical methods for longitudinal data or survival data. It is designed to be illuminating and valuable to both expert biostatisticians and to health researchers engaged in methodological applications in evidence-based global health research. It is particularly relevant to countries where global health research is being rigorously conducted.Table of Contents1. Harmonization of Longitudinal Population Data: evidence from three rural health and demographic surveillance system nodes in South Africa.- 2. Adjusting for Selection Bias in Assessing the Efficacy of Health Inputs on Birth Outcome: Evidence from South-Saharan Africa.- 3. An Indirect Assessment of the Effect of Anthropogenic Activities on the Ecology of the Intermediate Snail Host for Schistosoma Haematobium.- 4. Diagonal Reference Modeling of Effects of Couples' Educational Differences on Women's Health Care Utilization in Sub-Saharan Africa - Gebrenegus Ghilagaber, Michael Carlson.- 5. Sequential Modeling of Parity Progression Ratios in Sub-Saharan Africa.- 6. Evidence-informed Public Health, Systematic Reviews, and Meta-analysis.- 7. Meta-analysis Methods and Empirical Comparison of Aggregate Data and Individual Participant Data Results from Sample Survey Data.- 8. Statistical Meta-analysis and its Efficience Between Summary Statistics and Individual Participant-level Data: A Monte-Carlo simulation study.- 9. Multivariate Disease Mapping for Multiple Health Outcomes.- 10. Measuring Spatial Dependence of Non-communicable Diseases in South Africa.- 11. Mapping Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan African Region Using Survey Data, Adjusting for Survey Data - Sheyla Rodrigues Cassy.- 12. Spatial Multi-criteria Decision Analysis in Health Sciences: Fifteen years of applications and trends.- 13. Estimating Determinants of Stage at Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Prevalence in Western Nigeria Using Bayesian Logistic Regression.- 14. Dynamic Bayesian Adjustment of Educational Gradients in Divorce Risks: Disentangling causation and misclassification.- 15. Bayesian Dynamic Models for Time-Varying Outcomes: Applications to a patient cohort on ART.- 16. Suicide Ideation and Associated Factors Among School-going Adolescents in Namibia: A Multilevel logistic regression.- 17. Bayesian Inference in the Extended Generalized Gamma Model and its Special Cases: With applications on demographic and health survey data from Sub-Saharan Africa.- 18. Changing Effects of Covariates on Childhood Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A dynamic Bayesian survival modeling approach.- 19. Group Outliers and Influence Assessments in Clustered Survival Data Modeling.- 20. Joint Modeling of Competing Risks Survival and Longitudinal Data

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Book SynopsisThis monograph, now in its 2nd edition with 31 new chapters and significant updates, is the first book of its kind written specifically for graduate students and clinicians. The monograph is based on the 4-volume treatise, Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders (Springer, 2013; 2nd edition: 2022), the definitive reference for scientists and neurologists in the field of cerebellar neurobiology and related areas. There have been fundamental advances in the basic science and clinical neurology of the cerebellum and its role in sensorimotor function and cognition. Essentials of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders makes this large and expanding body of knowledge readily accessible to trainees and clinicians alike. It is organized into easy to read and short chapters that are ideal for students and clinicians. The most common cerebellar disorders encountered in the clinic are covered. The editors are world leaders in the field, and the chapters are authored by an international panel of experts drawn from cerebellar laboratories and ataxia clinics throughout North America, Europe and Asia. Essentials provides a solid grounding in the field of cerebellar research and ataxiology from cerebellar cellular biology and circuity to clinical practice, and it serves as a springboard to a deeper appreciation of both the principles and the complexities of cerebellar neurobiology. Clinicians are expected to have a deep appreciation of cerebellar disorders, not only in specialized ataxia clinics but also in adult and pediatric neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and neuropsychology practices, and in outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation settings. This book is an indispensable resource for students and practitioners navigating the evolving field of cerebellar motor and cognitive neurology. It also links to the more expansive Handbook for those who need to explore the topics in this monograph in greater depth.Table of Contents

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