Laser physics Books

Book SynopsisThe first book on the topic, and written by the founder of the technique, this comprehensive resource provides a detailed overview of sum-frequency spectroscopy, its fundamental principles, and the wide range of applications for surfaces, interfaces, and bulk. Beginning with an overview of the historical context, and introductions to the basic theory of nonlinear optics and surface sum-frequency generation, topics covered include discussion of different experimental arrangements adopted by researchers, notes on proper data analysis, an up-to-date survey commenting on the wide range of successful applications of the tool, and a valuable insight into current unsolved problems and potential areas to be explored in the future. With the addition of chapter appendices that offer the opportunity for more in-depth theoretical discussion, this is an essential resource that integrates all aspects of the subject and is ideal for anyone using, or interested in using, sum-frequency spectroscopy.Trade Review'This work is a powerful adjunct to [Shen's] definitive The Principles of Nonlinear Optics (1984) … The writing is Spartan in its simplicity yet elegant in its clarity, and suggestive of Shen's abiding interest in teaching and research. Wisely, the author uses appendixes at the end of most chapters to isolate extended proofs and theoretical analysis. Also, there is a useful selection of frequently asked questions about SF spectroscopy. This monograph further burnishes the already outstanding reputation of the 'Molecular Science' series editors and Cambridge University Press.' L. W. Fine, ChoiceTable of Contents1. Historical perspective; 2. Basics of nonlinear optics; 3. Basic theory for surface sum-frequency generation; 4. Experimental considerations; 5. Characterization of bulk materials; 6. Molecular adsorbates at interfaces; 7. Structures and properties of solid surfaces; 8. Interfacial liquid structures; 9. Interfaces of polymers and organic materials; 10. Biomolecules and biological interfaces; 11. Sum-frequency chiral spectroscopy; 12. Miscellaneous topics.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive guide to a new technology for enabling high-performance spectroscopy and laser sources Resonance Enhancement in Laser-Produced Plasmasoffers a guide to the most recent findings in the newly emerged field of resonance-enhanced high-order harmonic generation using the laser pulses propagating through the narrow and extended laser-produced plasma plumes. The authora noted expert in the fieldpresents an introduction and the theory that underpin the roles of resonances in harmonic generation. The book also contains a review of the most advanced methods of plasma harmonics generation at the conditions of coincidence of some harmonics, autoionizing states, and some ionic transitions possessing strong oscillator strengths. Comprehensive in scope, this text clearly demonstrates the importance of resonance-enhanced nonlinear optical effects leading to formation of efficient sources of coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation that can be practically apTable of ContentsPreface xiii 1 High-Order Harmonic Studies of the Role of Resonances on the Temporal and Efficiency Characteristics of Converted Coherent Pulses: Different Approaches 1 1.1 Resonance Harmonic Generation in Gases:Theory and Experiment 1 1.2 Role of Resonances in Plasma Harmonic Experiments: Intensity and Temporal Characterization of Harmonics 9 References 13 2 Different Theoretical Approaches in Plasma HHG Studies at Resonance Conditions 17 2.1 Comparative Analysis of the High-Order Harmonic Generation in the Laser Ablation Plasmas Prepared on the Surfaces of Complex and Atomic Targets 18 2.2 Nonperturbative HHG in Indium Plasma: Theory of Resonant Recombination 22 2.2.1 Principles ofTheory 22 2.2.2 Discussion 24 2.2.3 Important Consequences 27 2.3 Simulation of Resonant High-Order Harmonic Generation in Three-Dimensional Fullerenelike System by Means of Multiconfigurational Time-Dependent Hartree–Fock Approach 29 2.3.1 Basics of the Nonlinear Optical Studies of Fullerenes 29 2.3.2 Simulations and Discussion 32 2.4 Endohedral Fullerenes: AWay to Control Resonant HHG 35 2.4.1 Theoretical Approach and Details of Computation 37 2.4.2 Results of Simulations and Discussion 39 References 43 3 Comparison of Resonance Harmonics: Experiment and Theory 47 3.1 Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Two-Color Pump Resonance-Induced Enhancement of Odd and Even Harmonics from a Tin Plasma 47 3.1.1 Experimental Studies 48 3.1.2 Theoretical Approach 52 3.2 Comparative Studies of Resonance Enhancement of Harmonic Radiation in Indium Plasma Using Multicycle and Few-Cycle Pulses 58 3.2.1 Introduction 58 3.2.2 Indium Emission Spectra in the Cases of 40 and 3.5 fs Driving Pulses 60 3.2.3 Testing the Indium Emission Spectra Obtained Using 3.5 fs Pulses 64 3.2.4 Theoretical Consideration of the Microscopic Response 67 3.2.5 Experimental Studies of Harmonic Yield on the CEP of Laser Pulse 70 3.2.6 Discussion 73 3.3 Indium Plasma in the Single- and Two-Color Near-Infrared Fields:Enhancement of Tunable Harmonics 76 3.3.1 Description of Problem 76 3.3.2 Experimental Arrangements for HHG in Indium Plasma Using Tunable NIR Pulses 77 3.3.3 Experimental Studies of the Resonance Enhancement of NIR-Induced Harmonics in the Indium Plasma 80 3.3.4 Theory of the Process 86 3.3.5 Discussion and Comparison ofTheory and Experiment 91 3.4 Resonance Enhancement of Harmonics in Laser-Produced Zn II and Zn III Containing Plasmas Using Tunable Near-Infrared Pulses 95 3.4.1 Single- and Two-Color Pumps of Zinc Plasma 95 3.4.2 Modification of Harmonic Spectra at Excitation of Neutrals and Doubly Charged Ions of Zn 97 3.4.3 Peculiarities of HHG in Zinc Plasma Using Tunable Pulses 100 3.5 Application of Tunable NIR Radiation for Resonance Enhancement of Harmonics in Tin, Antimony, and Chromium Plasmas 105 3.5.1 Experimental Results 105 3.5.2 Theoretical Analysis of Resonance-Enhanced Harmonic Spectra from Sn, Sb, and Cr Plasmas 113 3.5.3 Discussion 118 3.6 Model of Resonant High Harmonic Generation in Multi-Electron Systems 120 3.6.1 Theory 121 3.6.2 Calculations 127 3.6.3 Experiment 131 References 134 4 Resonance Enhancement of Harmonics in Metal-Ablated Plasmas: Early Studies 139 4.1 Indium Plasma: Ideal Source for Strong Single Enhanced Harmonic 139 4.1.1 Strong Resonance Enhancement of Single Harmonic Generated in Extreme Ultraviolet Range 139 4.1.2 Chirp-Induced Enhancement of Harmonic Generation from Indium-Containing Plasmas 143 4.1.2.1 Preparation of the Optimal Plasmas 145 4.1.2.2 Optimization of High Harmonic Generation 148 4.1.2.3 Chirp Control 150 4.1.2.4 Discussion 152 4.2 Harmonic Generation from Different Metal Plasmas 158 4.2.1 Chromium Plasma: Sample for Enhancement and Suppression of Harmonics 158 4.2.2 Studies of Resonance-Induced Single Harmonic Enhancement in Manganese, Tin, Antimony, and Chromium Plasmas 161 4.2.2.1 Manganese Plasma 162 4.2.2.2 Chromium Plasma 164 4.2.2.3 Antimony Plasma 167 4.2.2.4 Tin Plasma 169 4.2.2.5 Discussion of Harmonic Enhancement 170 4.2.3 Enhancement of High Harmonics from Plasmas Using Two-Color Pump and Chirp Variation of 1 kHz Ti:Sapphire Laser Pulses 172 4.2.3.1 Advances in Using High Pulse Repetition Source for HHG in Plasmas 172 4.2.3.2 Comparison of Plasmas Allowing Generation of Featureless and Resonance-Enhanced HHG Spectra 173 4.2.3.3 Discussion 179 4.3 Peculiarities of Resonant and Nonresonant Harmonics Generating in Laser-Produced Plasmas 181 4.3.1 Spatial Coherence Measurements of Nonresonant and Resonant High-Order Harmonics Generated in Different Plasmas 181 4.3.1.1 Introduction 181 4.3.1.2 Measurements of the Spatial Coherence of Harmonics 182 4.3.2 Demonstration of the 101st Harmonic Generation from Laser-Produced Manganese Plasma 188 4.3.2.1 Low Cutoffs from Plasma Harmonics 188 4.3.2.2 Experimental Arrangements and Initial Research 189 4.3.2.3 Analysis of Cutoff Extension 193 4.3.3 Isolated Subfemtosecond XUV Pulse Generation in Mn Plasma Ablation 198 4.3.3.1 Application of a Few-Cycle Pulses for Harmonic Generation in Plasmas: Experiments with Manganese Plasma 198 4.3.3.2 Theoretical Calculations and Discussion 202 References 207 5 Resonance Processes in Ablated Semiconductors 213 5.1 High-Order Harmonic Generation During Propagation of Femtosecond PulsesThrough the Laser-Produced Plasmas of Semiconductors 215 5.1.1 Optimization of HHG 215 5.1.2 Resonance-Induced Enhancement of Harmonics 217 5.1.3 Two-Color Pump 219 5.1.4 Quasi-Phase-Matching 221 5.1.5 Properties of Semiconductor Plasmas 224 5.1.6 Harmonic Cutoffs 225 5.2 27th Harmonic Enhancement by Controlling the Chirp of the Driving Laser Pulse During High-Order Harmonic Generation in GaAs and Te Plasmas 226 5.2.1 Optimization of HHG in GaAs Plasma 227 5.2.2 Variation of the Chirp of Femtosecond Pulses 230 5.2.3 Observation of Single-Harmonic Enhancement Due to Quasi-Resonance with the Tellurium Ion Transition at 29.44 nm 233 5.3 Resonance Enhanced Twenty-First Harmonic Generation in the Laser-Ablation Antimony Plume at 37.67 nm 236 References 239 6 Resonance Processes at Different Conditions of Harmonic Generation in Laser-Produced Plasmas 241 6.1 Application of Picosecond Pulses for HHG 241 6.1.1 High-Order Harmonic Generation of Picosecond Laser Radiation in Carbon-Containing Plasmas 242 6.1.1.1 Experimental Arrangements and Results 242 6.1.1.2 Discussion 250 6.1.2 Resonance Enhancement of the 11th Harmonic of 1064 nm Picosecond Radiation Generating in the Lead Plasma 252 6.1.2.1 Analysis of Resonantly Enhanced 11th Harmonic 253 6.1.2.2 Variation of Resonance Enhancement by Insertion of Gases 258 6.2 Size-Related Resonance Processes Influencing Harmonic Generation in Plasmas 261 6.2.1 Resonance-Enhanced Harmonic Generation in Nanoparticle-Containing Plasmas 261 6.2.1.1 Experimental Arrangements 262 6.2.1.2 In2O3 Nanoparticles 264 6.2.1.3 Mn2O3 Nanoparticles 267 6.2.1.4 Sn Nanoparticles 269 6.2.1.5 Discussion 270 6.2.2 High-Order Harmonic Generation from Fullerenes 271 References 276 7 Comparison of the Resonance-, Nanoparticle-, and Quasi-Phase-Matching-Induced Processes Leading to the Growth of High-Order Harmonic Yield 281 7.1 Introduction 281 7.2 Quasi-Phase-Matched High-Order Harmonic Generation in Laser-Produced Plasmas 283 7.2.1 Experimental Arrangements 284 7.2.2 Experimental Observations of QPM 286 7.2.3 Modeling HHG in Plasma Plumes 290 7.2.4 Discussion and Comparison of Theory and Experiment 296 7.2.4.1 Scenario 1 297 7.2.4.2 Scenario 2 297 7.3 Influence of a Few-Atomic Silver Molecules on the High-Order Harmonic Generation in the Laser-Produced Plasmas 299 7.3.1 Introduction 299 7.3.2 Experimental Setup 300 7.3.3 Harmonic Generation and Morphology of Ablated Materials 301 7.3.4 Discussion 306 7.4 Controlling Single Harmonic Enhancement in Laser-Produced Plasmas 310 7.4.1 On the Method of Harmonic Enhancement 310 7.4.2 Experimental Conditions for Observation of the Control of Harmonic Enhancement 311 7.4.3 Featureless and Resonance-Enhanced Harmonic Distributions 312 7.4.4 Comparison of Plasma and Harmonic Spectra in the LPPs Allowing Generation of Resonantly Enhanced Harmonics 316 7.4.4.1 Zinc Plasma 317 7.4.4.2 Antimony Plasma 319 7.4.4.3 Cadmium Plasma 320 7.4.4.4 Indium Plasma 320 7.4.4.5 Manganese Plasma 321 7.4.5 Basics of AlternativeModel of Enhancement 322 7.5 Comparison of Micro- and Macroprocesses during the High-Order Harmonic Generation in Laser-Produced Plasma 322 7.5.1 Basic Principles of Comparison 322 7.5.2 Results of Comparative Experiments 324 7.5.3 Discussion of Comparative Experiments 333 References 335 Summary 339 Index 347

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Book Synopsis1. The Dilemma.- 2. Ultrashort Laser Pulses.- 3. Nonlinear Optics.- 4. The Autocorrelation, the Spectrum, and Phase Retrieval.- 5. FROG.- 6. FROG Beam Geometries.- 7. Geometrical Issues: Single-shot FROG.- 8. The FROG Algorithm.- 9. Noise: Its Effects and Suppression.- 10. Practical Issues, Marginals, Error Checks, and Error Correction.- 11. Improvisation in FROG.- 12. Very Simple FROG Apparatus: GRENOUILLE.- 13. Ultraviolet and High-Power Pulse Measurement.- 14. FROG in the Single-Cycle Regime.- 15. FROG Characterization of Complex Pulses.- 16. XFROGCross-correlation Frequency-resolved Optical Gating.- 17. Measuring Extremely Complex Pulses.- 18. Non-instantaneous Nonlinearities.- 19. Fiber-FROG.- 20. Blind FROG.- 21. Principal Component Generalized Projections FROG Algorithm.- 22. Measuring Ultraweak Pulses: TADPOLE.- 23. Measuring Ultrafast Polarization Dynamics: POLLIWOG.- 24. Multi-pulse Interferometric FROG.- 25. The Future of Pulse Measurement.Table of ContentsAuthors and Contributors. Read Me! (Preface). 1. The Dilemma. 2. Ultrashort Laser Pulses. 3. Nonlinear Optics. 4. The Autocorrelation, the Spectrum and Phase Retrieval. 5. FROG. 6. FROG Beam Geometries. 7. Geometrical Issues: Single-shot FROG. 8. The FROG Algorithm. 9. Noise: Its Effects and Suppression. 10. Practical Issues, Marginals, Error Checks, and Error Correction. 11. Improvisation in FROG. 12. Very Simple FROG Apparatus: GRENOUILLE. 13. Ultraviolet and High-Power Pulse Measurement. 14. FROG in the Single-Cycle Regime. 15. FROG Characterization of Pulses with Complex Intensity and Phase. 16. XFROG - Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating. 17. Measuring extremely complex pulses. 18. Non-instantaneous Nonlinearities. 19. Fiber-FROG. 20. Measuring Two Pulses Simultaneously: Blind FROG. 21. Principal Component Generalized Projections FROG Algorithm. 22. Measuring Ultraweak Pulses: TADPOLE. 23. Measuring Ultrafast Polarization Dynamics: POLLIWOG. 24. Multi-pulse Interferometric FROG. 25. The Future of Pulse Measurement: New Dilemmas. Index.

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Book SynopsisTerahertz Radiation.- Generation and Detection of THz Waves.- THz Spectroscopy and Imaging.- THz Wave Interaction with Materials.- THz Air Photonics.- THz Wave 3D Imaging and Tomography.- THz Wave Near-Field Imaging.- THz Technology in Nondestructive Evaluation.- THz Technology in Security Checks.- THz Technology in Bio and Medical Applications.Table of ContentsTerahertz Radiation.- Generation and Detection of THz Waves.- THz Spectroscopy and Imaging.- THz Wave Interaction with Materials.- THz Air Photonics.- THz Wave 3D Imaging and Tomography.- THz Wave Near-Field Imaging.- THz Technology in Nondestructive Evaluation.- THz Technology in Security Checks.- THz Technology in Bio and Medical Applications.

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Book SynopsisPlanetary Nebulae and How to Observe Them is for amateur astronomers who want to go beyond the Messier objects, concentrating on one of the most beautiful classes of astronomical objects in the sky.Planetary nebulae are not visible to the naked eye, but they are a fascinating group of telescope objects. This guide enables a user equipped with an average-sized amateur telescope to get the best out of observing them. Topics covered include their astrophysical make-up, history of their discovery, classification and description, telescopes to use, filters, and observing techniques - in short everything anyone would need to know to successfully observe planetary nebulae.The book describes the various forms these astronomical objects can take and explains why they are favorite targets for amateur observers. Descriptions of over 100 nebulae personally observed by the author using telescopes of various sizes are included in the book. Readers can create their own obseTrade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This is a welcome addition to the literature … . chapters discuss the history, discovery, and evolution of planetary nebulae. … these are well written and give a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the current ideas on planetary-nebula formation. … descriptions are largely accurate and the photographs have generally reproduced well. … A useful and comprehensive list of further reading covering many aspects of planetary nebulae is included … . this is a useful guide to observing these ‘butterflies’ of the night sky … .” (Stewart Moore, The Observatory, Vol. 132 (1231), December, 2012)“This book follows the standard pattern of the ‘… and how to Observe Them’ series with a brief section on the discovery of planetary nebulae followed by a section on how they form. … The book contains two chapters on observing techniques. … The book ends with a bibliography that is fairly extensive … . Planetary nebulae are some of the most popular objects that deep sky observers look for so … this is a decent first guide to observing these fascinating objects.” (Owen Brazell, Astronomy Now, August, 2012)Table of ContentsPart 1: What are Planetary Nebulae?.- Classification and Data.- Part 2: Telescopes and Techniques.- Photography Planetary Nebulae.- Observers' Guide.

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Book SynopsisThe book concentrates on the knowledge needed to understand how small(ish) optical telescopes function, their main designs and how to set them up, plus introducing the reader to the many ways in which objects in the sky change their positions and how they may be observed.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the third edition:“Telescopes And Techniques is a book that would be helpful for every new telescope owner, and of interest to also more seasoned amateur astronomers, but it will be a real gem for students just starting to learn about observational astronomy. … Kitchin’s ‘Telescopes And Techniques’ bridges the gap between being a textbook of practical astronomy and a handbook of telescope maintenance and use. … a very informative and well structured book that will definitely be consulted even after having been read the first time.” (Kadri Tinn, AstroMadness.com, January, 2014)Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition.- Preface to the Second Edition.- Preface to the Third Edition.- Part I: Telescopes.- Chapter 1: Types of Telescopes.- Chapter 2: Telescope Optics.- Chapter 3: Modern Small Telescope Design.- Part II: Positions and Motions.- Chapter 4: Positions in the Sky.- Chapter 5: Movements of Objects in the Sky.- Chapter 6: Telescope Mountings.- Part III: Observing.- Chapter 7: Electromagnetic Radiation.- Chapter 8: Visual Observing.- Chapter 9: Detectors and Imaging.- Chapter 10: Data Processing.- Chapter 11: Photometry.- Chapter 12: Spectroscopy.- Appendix A: For Further Reading.- Appendix B: Constellations.- Appendix C: Answers to Exercises.- Appendix D: SI and Other Units.- Appendix E: The Greek Alphabet.- Index.

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Book SynopsisUltrafast science has long been limited to the investigation of molecular processes. Over the past 10 years investigation of ultrafast processes has expanded to material science, including aspects relevant to the solid-state such as excitation of electrons in band structures and collective phonon excitation. Specific probes for electronic and structural reorganization, such as X-ray diffraction and ARPES, have been advanced. Furthermore, experimental techniques including XFEL science, THz science and various pump–probe methods, as well as the theoretical understanding of ultrafast, out-of-equilibrium and multiscale processes driven by light or THz excitation, have seen rapid development. This volume brings together a complementarity of internationally-leading experimental material scientists and theoreticians in this field to explore and exchange their ideas about the key aspects of ultrafast science, designing new ways to control materials and understanding transformation processes. The topics covered include: Material science: ultrafast transformation, electron-phonon coupling, multi-scale aspects Theory of out of equilibrium light-induced phenomena Optical excitation processes THz and laser field excitation processes Table of ContentsMaterial science: ultrafast transformation, electron-phonon coupling, multi-scale aspects;Theory of out of equilibrium light-induced phenomena;Optical excitation processes;THz and laser field excitation processes

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Book SynopsisThis book represents a unique collection of the latest developments in the rapidly developing world of optoelectronics. The contributing authors to this book are a group of internationally distinguished researchers. This book consists of a collection of chapters divided into two sections, with the first section covering new applications and the second section covering materials and crystal structures topics to support future generations of optoelectronic devices and open the door for future, more demanding applications. This collection of chapters will be of considerable interest to scientists, engineers, physicists, and technologists working in research and development in the fields of optoelectronics and photonics, as well as to young researchers who are at the beginning of their career.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook presents a comprehensive introduction to ultrafast laser physics with a keen awareness of the needs of graduate students. It is self-contained and ready to use for both ultrafast laser courses and background for experimental investigation in the lab. The book starts with an advanced introduction to linear and nonlinear pulse propagation, details Q-switching and modelocking and goes into detail while explaining ultrashort pulse generation and measurement. Finally, the characterization of the laser signals is illustrated, and a broad range of applications presented. A multitude of worked examples and problems with solutions help to deepen the reader's understanding.Table of ContentsLinear pulse propagation in dispersive media.- linear pulse propagation.- dispersion compensation.- nonlinear pulse propagation.- relaxation oscillations in lasers.- Q-switching.- active modelocking.- passive modelocking: generation of ultrashort laser pulses.- pulse duration measurements.- noise characterization of pulsed laser signals.- applications of short-pulse lasers.- appendices.- index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the state-of-the-art of Terahertz spectroscopy. It is a modern source for a beginners and researcher interested in THz spectroscopy. The basics and physical background of THz spectroscopy and technology are explained, and important applications are described. The book presents the highlights of scientific research in the field of THz science and provides an excellent overview of the field and future directions of research. Over the last decade the field of terahertz spectroscopy has developed into one of the most rapidly growing fields of spectroscopy with large impact across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Due to substantial advances in femtosecond laser technology, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has established itself as the dominant spectroscopic technique for experimental scientists interested in measurements in this frequency range. In solids and liquids terahertz radiation is at resonance with both phonon modes and hydrogen bonding modes which makes it an ideal tool to study the interaction between molecules in a unique way, thus opening a wealth of opportunities for research in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and pharmaceuticals. This book provides an easy access to scientists, engineers and students alike who want to understand the theory and applications of modern terahertz spectroscopy.Table of ContentsTransmission, reflection, refraction and scattering of Terahertz radiation.- Optical constants and dispersion relations in THz spectroscopy.- Scattering effects.- Converging Terahertz beam vs. plane wave.- Signal Processing – Wavelet Transform.- Signal Processing – Fractional Fourier transformation and spectrogram in signal processing of Terahertz pulses.- Terahertz Spectroscopy.- Crystalline and non-crystalline solids.- Liquids and Biomolecules.- Ellipsometry and active polarization control of Terahertz waves.- ATR sensing at terahertz frequencies.- Pump-probe spectroscopy.- Liquid crystals.- Waveguide spectroscopy.- Condensed matter physics.- Assignment of vibrational modes in crystalline materials.- On-chip pulsed Terahertz spectroscopy.- Nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy.- Terahertz Imaging.- Far-field / Near-field.- Biomedical Imaging.- Pharmaceutical imaging.- Terahertz tomography.- Security.- Artists’ materials characterization.- Interesting Physics at Terahertz Frequencies.- Plasmonic structures.

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Book SynopsisFemtosecond laser micromachining of transparent material is a powerful and versatile technology. In fact, it can be applied to several materials. It is a maskless technology that allows rapid device prototyping, has intrinsic three-dimensional capabilities and can produce both photonic and microfluidic devices. For these reasons it is ideally suited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities. The book is mainly focused on micromachining of transparent materials which, due to the nonlinear absorption mechanism of ultrashort pulses, allows unique three-dimensional capabilities and can be exploited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities.This book presents an overview of the state of the art of this rapidly emerging topic with contributions from leading experts in the field, ranging from principles of nonlinear material modification to fabrication techniques and applications to photonics and optofluidics.Table of ContentsPart I: Introductory concepts and characterization 1 Fundamentals of femtosecond Laser micromachining in transparent materials 2 -Ultrafast imaging of plasma dynamics and material response during micromachining 3 -Spectroscopic characterization of waveguides 4 -Optimizing Laser-induced refractive index changes in bulk optical materials via spatio-temporal beam shaping 5 -Controlling the cross-section of ultrafast Laser inscribed waveguides 6 –Anisotropy of femtosecond Laser writing Part II: Waveguides and optical devices in glass 7 –Passive optical waveguide devices in glass 8 - Femtosecond Laser inscription of fibre gratings 9 –3-D Bragg grating waveguide devices 10 –Active photonic devices Part III: Waveguides and optical devices in other transparent materials 11 -Waveguides in crystalline materials 12 -Refractive index structures in polymers Part IV: Microsystems and applications 13 –Discrete optics in waveguide arrays 14 –Optofluidics for biosensing 15 –Microstructuring of Photosensitive glass 16 -Microsystems and sensors 17 -Ultrashort Laser joining and welding

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Book SynopsisThis new edition features numerous updates and additions. Especially 4 new chapters on Fiber Optics, Integrated Optics, Frequency Combs and Interferometry reflect the changes since the first edition.In addition, major complete updates for the chapters: Optical Materials and Their Properties, Optical Detectors, Nanooptics, and Optics far Beyond the Diffraction Limit. Features Contains over 1000 two-color illustrations. Includes over 120 comprehensive tables with properties of optical materials and light sources. Emphasizes physical concepts over extensive mathematical derivations. Chapters with summaries, detailed indexDelivers a wealth of up-to-date references.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition:"Frank Träger has assembled a veritable who’s who of laser researchers … . In short, go out and buy this book; it is an excellent desk reference for researchers and research students. Undergraduates will find much to interest them, especially those contemplating entering the field. My only problem is where to hide my copy before my students think it should be on their shelf!" (Barry Luther-Davies, Australian Physics, Vol. 44 (4), 2007)"This weighty work is intended to offer comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the wide fields of optics and lasers. … Overall text is clear, well written and accompanied by appropriate tables and diagrams. … The book’s content emphasis is very much on material suitable for the optical practitioner. … a worthy addition to stock for any library supporting physics at a university or specialist level." (Gareth J. Johnson, Reference Reviews, Vol. 22 (2), 2008)“I recommend this modern, comprehensive handbook to students, educators, engineers and scientists. The chapters are clearly written and include sophisticated illustrations that augment the text. The tables of data are also exemplary. The authors strike a good balance between the theory and implementation. The reader will appreciate the explanations of both the detailed mathematics and the physical aspects of the concepts. Each chapter contains pertinent references and an index.” (Barry R. Masters, Optics & Photonics News, November, 2012)Table of ContentsForeword by T.W. HänschPart A Basic Principles and MaterialsChap. 1 Properties of LightChap. 2 Geometrical OpticsChap. 3 Wave OpticsChap. 4 Nonlinear Optics, Frequency Conversion and AttophysicsChap. 5 Optical Materials and Their PropertiesChap. 6 Thin FilmsPart B Fabrication and Properties of Optical ComponentsChap. 7 Optical Design and Design SoftwareChap. 8 Advanced Optical ComponentsChap. 9 Optical DetectorsPart C Coherent and Incoherent Light SourcesChap. 10 Incoherent Light SourcesChap. 11 Lasers and Coherent Light SourcesChap. 12 Short and Ultrashort Laser PulsesPart D Selected Applications and Special FieldsChap. 13 Optical and Spectroscopic TechniquesChap. 14 Fiber OpticsChap. 15 Integrated OpticsChap. 16 InterferometryChap. 17 Frequency CombsChap. 18 Quantum OpticsChap. 19 NanoopticsChap. 20 Optics far Beyond the Diffraction LimitChap. 21 Terahertz Photonics and ApplicationsChap. 22 X-Ray OpticsChap. 23 Atmospheric OpticsChap. 24 Holography and Optical Data StorageChap. 25 Laser SafetyAcknowledgements.- About the Authors.- Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers the latest research from around the globe on the subject of lasers and optics research. Topics discussed include an overview of optical sensors and their applications; integrated optics on silicon; the mechanical characterisation of bio-tissues with optical techniques and high-speed optical modulators and photonic sideband management.

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers the latest research from around the globe on the subject of lasers and optics research. Topics discussed include optical imaging applications for the study of cultural heritage artefacts; laser induced transfer of organic materials; scanning probe microscopies of semiconductor and semi-magnetic nanocrystals; controlling the properties of semiconductor quantum dots; spatial and temporal soliton pulse generation by transmission of chaotic signals using fibre optic links; analysis of optical ring resonator; and clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of retro bulbar neuritis.

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Book Synopsis1. The CD-ROM Challenge.- 2. The Optics.- 3. The Servo-Mechanical Subsystem.- 4. The Decoding Circuitry.- 5. Other Basic-Engine Building Blocks.- 6. The CD-ROM Data Path.- 7. System Parameters and Drive Performance.Table of ContentsList of Figures. Preface. Glossary. 1. The CD-ROM Challenge. 2. The Optics. 3. The Servo-Mechanical Subsystem. 4. The Decoding Circuitry. 5. Other Basic-Engine Building Blocks. 6. The CD-ROM Data Path. 7. System Parameters and Drive Performance. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers the latest research from around the globe on the subject of lasers and optics research. Topics discussed include micro-nano patterning; computer vision by laser metrology and algorithms of artificial intelligence; dynamic alignment of molecules in intense laser fields; laser ablation and laser cleaning for cultural heritage.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of optics, with a particular focus on sensors and fibres. Topics discussed include optical current sensors; evanescent field tapered fibre optic biosensors; new challenges in raman amplification for fibre communication systems; fibre bragg gratings in high birefringence optical fibres and optics research applied to the turin shroud.

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers the latest research from around the globe on the subject of lasers and optics research. Topics discussed include advanced CO2 laser-induced plasma processing; excimer laser annealing of dielectrics with ion-synthesized metal nanoparticles; ultra-short pulse laser on hole drilling; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and its applications in mineral and pollution analyses; high power optical coatings; lasers in implant dentistry; Q-switched laser applications and electromagnetically induced transparency in optical frequency metrology.

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Book SynopsisNon-linear optical phenomena have been widely investigated and well understood since the invention of the Laser. Lots of applications of the non-linear optical phenomena have always been advanced in various fields, such as, optical information storage, all-light computing, optical switch, optical limiters, micro-nano-fabrication, etc., Non-linear optics has been developed into a subfield of optics, and there is no indication that either the developments of non-linear optics or its applications are slowing down. In non-linear optics, the characterisation and measurement techniques of the non-linear index are critical for understanding the non-linear physical process and developing new applications. In this book, different optical non-linearity characterisation and measurement methods are introduced and non-linear problems are discussed theoretically. This book is invaluable to advanced undergraduates, graduate students and researchers working in the fields of physics, materials, and chemistry.

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Book SynopsisThe goal of the book is to present the high-power high-frequency pulse periodic laser systems, which in the nearest time will find a lot of applications in the field of ecology, machinery, space engineering, nuclear technologies and many others. A laser-plasma generator of multiply charged ions produces a large number of heavy ions in the regime of short periodic pulses, which is needed for ion accelerators operating in the pulse periodic regime. The source of this type is also promising for effective use in the field of heavy-ion fusion, brittle materials figure cutting, oil films elimination from the water surface and so on. This book has considered, in details, a new approach to the problem of a laser jet engine creation, which is based on the resonance merging of shock waves generated by an optical pulsating discharge, produced by such a laser. To obtain an optical pulsating discharge, the authors suggested the usage of high-power pulse-periodic laser radiation, which can be generated by wide aperture carbon dioxide, chemical and mono-module disk type solid-state laser systems. Future developments of the disk laser technology as the most effective and scalable to the level of many hundreds of kW as well are under consideration in the book.

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Book SynopsisThe first chapter of this compilation on optoelectronics research provides the full, exciting story of integrated silicon light-emitting devices (Si-LEDs). Silicon is currently the most important semiconductor material. The book continues by discussing surpamolecular polymer semiconductors toward organic mechatronics; elastico-mechanoluminescent materials; and nonlinear and fluctuation phenomenaunder conditions of strong selective reflection in inclined geometry.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes important recent developments in fiber optic sensor technology and examines established and emerging applications in a broad range of fields and markets, including power engineering, chemical engineering, bioengineering, biomedical engineering, and environmental monitoring. Particular attention is devoted to niche applications where fiber optic sensors are or soon will be able to compete with conventional approaches. Beyond novel methods for the sensing of traditional parameters such as strain, temperature, and pressure, a variety of new ideas and concepts are proposed and explored. The significance of the advent of extended infrared sensors is discussed, and individual chapters focus on sensing at THz frequencies and optical sensing based on photonic crystal structures. Another important topic is the resonances generated when using thin films in conjunction with optical fibers, and the enormous potential of sensors based on lossy mode resonances, surface plasmon resonances, and long-range surface exciton polaritons. Detailed attention is also paid to fiber Bragg grating sensors and multimode interference sensors. Each chapter is written by an acknowledged expert in the subject under discussion.Table of ContentsFiber optic sensors based on nano-films.- Lossy Mode Resonances based sensors.- Surface Plasmon Resonances based fiber optic sensors.- Plastic optical fiber biosensors.- Vapor based deposition techniques for optical fiber sensing.- Fiber optic sensors in biomedical applications.- Optical hyperspectral sensors.- Fiber optic sensors for radiation dosimetry.- Fiber optic gas sensors.- Structural health monitoring fiber optic sensors.- Distributed temperature sensors.- Respiratory diseases fiber optic based sensors.- Optical sensing based on photonic crystal structures.- Long Period grating based sensors.- Magnetic field fiber optic sensors.- Sensing at THz frecuencies.- Multimode Interference Fiber Sensors.- Fiber optics sensors based on multicore structures.

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Book Synopsis​Dieses Buch begleitet Entscheider in allen Phasen der Beschaffung von Lasermaschinen. Es bietet entsprechendes Fachwissen für den Prozess von der Entscheidung bis zum Kauf einer Laser-Bearbeitungsanlage. Neben den Grundlagen der Lasertechnik betrifft das auch die Themenfelder Lasersicherheit, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, Software sowie die Möglichkeiten einer Automatisierung des Bearbeitungsprozesses.Alle drei Autoren haben jahrelange Berufserfahrung im Bereich des Laser-Maschinenbaus sowie des industriellen Einsatzes der Laser-Oberflächenbearbeitung. Wegen ihres unterschiedlichen fachlichen Hintergrunds werden jedoch alle in der industriellen Praxis wichtigen Aspekte rund um die Thematik abgedeckt.Table of ContentsEntwicklungsgeschichte LASER.- Physikalische Grundlagen.- Das Geheimnis vom Laserstrahl.- Lasersicherheit.- Was jeder Anwender über Lasersicherheit wissen muss.- Arten der Oberflächenbearbeitung mit Laser.- Maschinenformen.- Die fünf „wichtigsten Dinge“ bei der Beschaffung.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights the fundamental principles of optical fiber technology required for understanding modern high-capacity lightwave telecom networks. Such networks have become an indispensable part of society with applications ranging from simple web browsing to critical healthcare diagnosis and cloud computing. Since users expect these services to always be available, careful engineering is required in all technologies ranging from component development to network operations. To achieve this understanding, this book first presents a comprehensive treatment of various optical fiber structures and diverse photonic components used in optical fiber networks. Following this discussion are the fundamental design principles of digital and analog optical fiber transmission links. The concluding chapters present the architectures and performance characteristics of optical networks.Table of ContentsChapter 1 – Overview of fiber optic telecommunications Chapter 2 – Optical fiber structures and light guiding principles Chapter 3 – Optical signal attenuation and dispersion Chapter 4 – Light sources for telecommunications Chapter 5 – Launching and coupling of optical power Chapter 6 – Optical signal detection Chapter 7 – Characteristics of optical receivers Chapter 8 – Basic digital link designs Chapter 9 – Analog fiber optic systems Chapter 10 – Passive and active components for WDM Chapter 11 – Amplifiers for optical signals Chapter 12 – Nonlinear processes in optical fibers Chapter 13 – Telecom networks Chapter 14 – Network performance measuring and monitoring

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