Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering Books
Cambridge University Press Polymers at Surfaces and Interfaces
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£93.09
Cambridge University Press Colloidal Suspension Rheology
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£145.35
Cambridge University Press Physical Properties of Polymers Third Edition
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£85.49
Cambridge University Press Computational Transport Phenomena
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£171.00
Cambridge University Press Computational Transport Phenomena
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£65.99
Cambridge University Press An Introduction to the Mechanical Properties of Ceramics
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£84.54
Cambridge University Press Advanced Transport Phenomena
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£104.50
Cambridge University Press Surfactants
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£161.50
Cambridge University Press The Diamond Makers
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£23.74
Cambridge University Press Advanced Transport Phenomena
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£75.99
Cambridge University Press Essential CNS Drug Development
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£75.04
Cambridge University Press Bioinformatics and Computational Biology in Drug Discovery and Development
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£55.09
Cambridge University Press Chemorheology of Polymers From Fundamental Principles to Reactive Processing
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£156.75
Cambridge University Press The Physics of Deformation and Fracture of Polymers
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£161.50
Cambridge University Press Structural Ceramics Fundamentals and Case Studies
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£75.04
Cambridge University Press Suspension Acoustics
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£82.65
Cambridge University Press Advanced Transport Phenomena Fluid Mechanics and Convective Transport Processes 7 Cambridge Series in Chemical Engineering Series Number 7
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£142.50
Cambridge University Press Numerical and Statistical Methods for Bioengineering
Book SynopsisThe first MATLAB-based numerical methods textbook specifically for bioengineers, including topics on hypothesis testing, plus numerous examples drawn exclusively from biomedical engineering applications. This is an ideal core text for one-semester undergraduate courses, and is also a valuable reference for anyone interested in the quantitative aspects of biology research.Trade Review'I think this book is a winner … [it] is really easy to read and places frameworks for numerical analysis into realistic bioengineering concepts that students will find familiar and relevant. This is most evident in the excellent boxed examples, but also in many of the homework problems. I also really liked the 'key points to consider' at the end of the chapters - these are useful reminders for the students. Finally, the book presents bioinformatics in a manageable fashion that should help demystify this subject for interested students.' K. Jane Grande-Allen, Rice UniversityTable of Contents1. Types and sources of numerical error; 2. Systems of linear equations; 3. Statistics and probability; 4. Hypothesis testing; 5. Root finding techniques for nonlinear equations; 6. Numerical quadrature; 7. Numerical integration of ordinary differential equations; 8. Nonlinear data regression and optimization; 9. Basic algorithms of bioinformatics; Appendix A. Introduction to MATLAB; Appendix B. Location of nodes for Gauss-Legendre quadrature.
£85.49
Cambridge University Press Molecular Forces and Self Assembly In Colloid Nano Sciences and Biology Cambridge Molecular Science
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£94.04
Cambridge University Press Predictive Control for Linear and Hybrid Systems
Book SynopsisModel Predictive Control (MPC), the dominant advanced control approach in industry over the past twenty-five years, is presented comprehensively in this unique book. With a simple, unified approach, and with attention to real-time implementation, it covers predictive control theory including the stability, feasibility, and robustness of MPC controllers. The theory of explicit MPC, where the nonlinear optimal feedback controller can be calculated efficiently, is presented in the context of linear systems with linear constraints, switched linear systems, and, more generally, linear hybrid systems. Drawing upon years of practical experience and using numerous examples and illustrative applications, the authors discuss the techniques required to design predictive control laws, including algorithms for polyhedral manipulations, mathematical and multiparametric programming and how to validate the theoretical properties and to implement predictive control policies. The most important algorithTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Symbols and acronyms; Part I. Basics of Optimization: 1. Main concepts; 2. Linear and quadratic optimization; 3. Numerical methods for optimization; 4. Polyhedra and p-collections; Part II. Multiparametric Programming: 5. Multiparametric nonlinear programming; 6. Multiparametric programming: a geometric approach; Part III. Optimal Control: 7. General formulation and discussion; 8. Linear quadratic optimal control; 9. Linear 1/∞ norm optimal control; Part IV. Constrained Optimal Control of Linear Systems: 10. Controllability, reachability and invariance; 11. Constrained optimal control; 12. Receding horizon control; 13. Approximate receding horizon control; 14. On-line control computation; 15. Constrained robust optimal control; Part V. Constrained Optimal Control of Hybrid Systems: 16. Models of hybrid systems; 17. Optimal control of hybrid systems; References; Index.
£114.00
Cambridge University Press The Making of Leather
Book SynopsisPart of the Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature series, H. R. Procter's The Making of Leather, first published in 1914, presents a sketch of the methods, the chemistry and the scientific basis of leather-making.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Introductory; 2. Hides and skins; 3. Curing of hides and skins; 4. The structure of the skin; 5. The chemistry of the skin; 6. The preliminary processes: soaking; 7. Unhairing; 8. Chemical deliming; 9. Bacteria and fermentation; 10. The fermentive 'bates'; 11. The conversion of skin into leather; 12. The pickling process; 13. Alumed leather; 14. The basic chrome process; 15. The two-bath chrome process; 16. The vegetable tanning materials; 17. The vegetable tanning process; 18. Curried leathers; 19. Moroccos and fancy leathers; 20. Oil leathers; 21. The use and care of leather; Bibliography; Index.
£24.99
Cambridge University Press Bioprocesses
Book SynopsisIn the rapidly evolving landscape of sustainable energy and resource management, this book is an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and professionals alike. Written by leading experts in the field, it delves into the multifaceted realm of biomass, positioning it as the cornerstone of a non-fossil future. After navigating through the fundamentals, this book discusses the diverse forms of biomass and its use as a renewable and environmentally friendly resource. From the intricacies of biomass production, conversion technologies, and utilization methods, to the economic and ecological implications, each chapter provides a meticulous exploration of key concepts and cutting-edge developments. Questions are posed throughout as well as more than 80 end-of-chapter exercises to gauge reader understanding and translate knowledge to real-world problem solving. Focusing on practicality and real-world applications, this resource not only educates but inspires a shift toward sustainable practices guiding the next generation toward a greener, more sustainable future.
£71.24
MIT Press Ltd Plastics
Book Synopsis
£14.39
John Wiley & Sons Inc Pharmaceutical Data Mining
Book SynopsisExtracting and applying knowledge from chemical, biological, and clinical data is one of the biggest problems for the pharmaceutical industry.Trade Review"Its strength is that it gives beginners a good impression of our contemporary data jungle." (ChemMedChem, 2010) Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Contributors. PART I: DATA MINING IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: A GENERAL OVERVIEW. 1 A History of the development of Data Mining in Pharmaceutical Research ( David J. Livingstone and John Bradshaw). 2 Drug Gold and Data Dragons: Myths and Realities of Data Mining in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Barry Robson and Andy Vaithiligam). 3 Application of Data Mining Algorithms in Pharmaceutical Research and Development (Konstantin V. Balakin and Nikolay P. Savchuk). PART II: CHEMOINFORMATICS-BASED APPLICATIONS. 4 Data Mining Approaches for Compound Selection and Iterative Screening (Martin Vogt and Jurgen Bajorath). 5 Prediction of Toxic Effects of Pharmaceutical Agents (Andreas Maunz and Christoph Helma). 6 Chemogenomics-Based Design of GPCR-Targeted Libraries Using Data Mining Techniques (Konstantin V. Balakin and Elena V. Bovina). 7 Mining High-Throughput Screening Data by Novel Knowledge-Based Optimization Analysis (S. Frank Yan, Frederick J. King, Sumit K. Chanda, Jeremy S. Caldwell, Elizabeth A. Winzeler, and Yingyao Zhou). PART III: BIOINFORMATICS-BASED APPLICATIONS. 8 Mining DNA Microarray Gene Expression Data (Paolo Magni). 9 Bioinformatics Approaches for Analysis of Protein-Ligand Interactions (Munazah Andrabi, Chioko Nagao, Kenji Mizuguchi, and Shandar Ahmad). 10 Analysis of Toxicogenomic Databases (Lyle D. Burgoon). 11 Bridging the Pharmaceutical Shortfall: Informatics Approaches to the Discovery of Vaccines, Antigens, Epitopes, and Adjuvants (Matthew N. Davies and Darren R. Flower). PART IV: DATA MINING METHODS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT. 12 Data Mining in Pharmacovigilance (Manfred Hauben and Andrew Bate). 13 Data Mining Methods as Tools for Predicting Individual Drug Response (Audrey Sabbagh and Pierre Darlu). 14 Data Mining Methods in Pharmaceutical Formulation (Raymond C. Rowe and Elizabeth A Colbourn). PART V: DATA MINING ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES. 15 Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for Pharmaceutical Data Mining (Igor V. Pletnev, Yan A. Ivanenkov, and Alexey V. Tarasov). 16 Advanced Artificial Intelligence Methods Used in the Design of Pharmaceutical Agents (Yan A. Ivanenkov and Ludmila M. Khandarova). 17 Databases for Chemical and Biological Information (Tudor I. Oprea, Liliana Ostopovici-Halip, and Ramona Rad-Curpan). 18 Mining Chemical Structural Information from the Literature (Debra L. Banville). Index.
£132.95
John Wiley & Sons Inc Drug Efficacy Safety and Biologics Discovery
Book SynopsisDrug Efficacy, Safety, and Biologics Discovery: Emerging Technologies and Tools covers key emerging technologiesin pharmaceutical R & D and how they have substantially impacted (or are currently impacting) drug discovery. The cross-disciplinary collaborations implicit in integrating these technologies with drug discovery operations will fuel the engine for future innovations. This book cuts across the multiple areas of drug discovery, each chapter authored by pioneers in that field, making for a broad appeal to the chemical and biological scientists and technologists involved in drug discovery and development.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Contributors. PART I: DRUG EFFICACY AND SAFETY TECHNOLOGY. 1. Focus on Fundamentals: Towards Better Therapeutic Index Prediction (Jinghai J. Xu and Li J. Yu). 2. High-Throughput Protein-Based Technologies and Computational Models for Drug Development, Efficacy and Toxicity (Leonidas G. Alexopoulos, Julio Saez-Rodriguez and Christopher W. Espelin). 3. Cellular Systems Biology Applied to Pre-Clinical Safety Testing: A Case Study of CellCiphrTM Profiling (Lawrence Vernetti, William Irwin, Kenneth A. Giuliano, Albert Gough, Kate Johnston and D. Lansing Taylor). 4. Systems Pharmacology, Biomarkers and Biomolecular Networks (Aram Adourian, Thomas N. Plasterer, Raji Balasubramanian, Ezra Jennings, Shunguang Wang, Jan van der Greef, Robert McBurney, Pieter Muntendam, and Noubar Afeyan). 5. Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Discovery (Hanbing Zhong, Ning-Ai Liu and Shuo Lin). 6. Toxicity Pathways and Models: Mining for Potential Side Effects (Sean Ekins and Josef Scheiber). 7. Computational Systems Biology Modeling of Dosimetry and Cellular Response Pathways (Qiang Zhang, Yu-Mei Tan, Sudin Bhattacharya and Melvin E. Andersen). 8. Stem Cell Technology for Embryotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Evaluation (Julio C. Davila, Donald B. Stedman, Sandra J. Engle, Howard I. Pryor II and Joseph P. Vacanti). 9. Telemetry Technology for Preclinical Drug Discovery and Development (Yi Yang). PART II. BIOLOGICS TECHNOLOGY. 10. Nanotechnology to Improve Oral Drug Delivery (Mayank D. Bhavsar, Shardool Jain, and Mansoor M. Amiji). 11. Functional Glycomics and the Future of Glycomic Drugs (Ram Sasisekharan). 12. Modeling Efficacy and Safety of Engineered Biologics (Jeff Chabot and Bruce Gomes). 13. Regulation of Gene Expression by Small, Non-Coding RNAs: Practical Applications (Roman Herrara and Eric Tien). PART III. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE. 14. Future Perspectives of Biological Engineering in Pharmaceutical Research: The Paradigm of Modeling, Mining, Manipulation and Measurements (Jinghai J. Xu, Sean Ekins, Michael McGlashen and Douglas Lauffenburger). Index.
£123.45
John Wiley & Sons Inc Drug Design of ZincEnzyme Inhibitors
Book SynopsisThe book gives students and young researchers a resource on zinc enzymes, some of which were intensively studied for more than six decades and translated into model success stories of the pharmaceutical industry.Table of ContentsPREFACE. CONTRIBUTORS. PART I: INTRODUCTION. 1. Introduction to Zinc Enzymes as Drug Targets (Claudiu T. Supuran and Jean-Yves Winum). PART II: DRUG DESIGN OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS AND ACTIVATORS. 2. Carbonic Anhydrases as Drug Targets: General Presentation (Claudiu T. Supuran). 3. Zinc Binding Functions in the Design of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Jean-Yves Winum, Jean-Louis Montero, Andrea Scozzafava, and Claudiu T. Supuran). 4. X-Ray Crystallography of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Its Importance in Drug Design (Vincenzo Alterio, Anna Di Fiore, Katia D’Ambrosio, Claudiu T. Supuran, and Giuseppina De Simone). 5. Antiglaucoma Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Ophthalomologic Drugs (Francesco Mincione, Andrea Scozzafava, and Claudiu T. Supuran). 6. Diuretics with Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Activity: Toward Novel Applications for Sulfonamide Drugs (Daniela Vullo, Alessio Innocenti, and Claudiu T. Supuran). 7. Drug Design of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Anticonvulsant Agents (Anne Thiry, Jean-Michel Dogne, Claudiu T. Supuran, and Bernard Masereel). 8. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Targeting Cancer: Therapeutic, Immunologic, and Diagnostic Tools Targeting Isoforms IX and XII (Silvia Pastorekova, Monika Barathova, Juraj Kopacek, and Jaromir Pastorek). 9. Fluorescent- and Spin-Labeled Sulfonamides as Probe for Carbonic Anhydrase IX (Alessandro Cecchi, Laura Ciani, Sandra Ristori, and Claudiu T. Supuran). 10. Drug Design of Antiobesity Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Giuseppina De Simone and Claudiu T. Supuran). 11. Dual Carbonic Anhydrase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition (Jean-Michel Dogne, Anne Thiry, Bernard Masereel, and Claudiu T. Supuran). 12. Advances in the Inhibitory and Structural Investigations on Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes XIII and XV (Mika Hilvo, Giuseppina De Simone, Claudiu T. Supuran, and Seppo Parkkila). 13. Mechanism and Inhibition of the b-Class and c-Class Carbonic Anhydrases (James G. Ferry and Claudiu T. Supuran). 14. Fungal and Nematode Carbonic Anhydrases: Their Inhibition in Drug Design (Rebecca A. Hall and Fritz. A. M€uhlschlegel). 15. Crystallographic Studies on Carbonic Anhydrases from Fungal Pathogens for Structure-Assisted Drug Development (Uta-Maria Ohndorf, Christine Schlicker, and Clemens Steegborn). 16. Malaria Parasite Carbonic Anhydrase and Its Inhibition in the Development of Novel Therapies of Malaria (Jerapan Krungkrai, Sudaratana R. Krungkrai, and Claudiu T. Supuran). 17. Inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori a- and b-Carbonic Anhydrases as Novel Drugs for Gastroduodenal Diseases (Isao Nishimori, Hiroaki Takeuchi, and Claudiu T. Supuran). 18. QSAR of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Their Impact on Drug Design (Adriano Martinelli and Tiziano Tuccinardi). 19. Selectivity Issues in the Design of CA Inhibitors (Claudiu T. Supuran and Jean-Yves Winum). 20. Bicarbonate Transport Metabolons (Danielle E. Johnson and Joseph R. Casey). 21. Metal Complexes of Sulfonamides as Dual Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Marc A. Ilies). 22. Drug Design Studies of Carbonic Anhydrase Activators (Claudia Temperini, Andrea Scozzafava, and Claudiu T. Supuran). PART III DRUG DESIGN OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITORS. 23. Matrix Metalloproteinases: An Overview (Hideaki Nagase and Robert Visse). 24. MMP Inhibitors Based on Earlier Succinimide Strategies: From Early to New Approaches (M. Amelia Santos). 25. Drug Design of Sulfonylated MMP Inhibitors (Armando Rossello and Elisa Nuti). 26. ADAMs and ADAMTs Selective Synthetic Inhibitors (Armando Rossello, Elisa Nuti, and Alfonso Maresca). 27. QSAR Studies of MMP Inhibitors (Tiziano Tuccinardi and Adriano Martinelli). PART IV DRUG DESIGN OF BACTERIAL ZINC PROTEASE INHIBITORS. 28. Bacterial Zinc Proteases as Orphan Targets (Claudiu T. Supuran). 29. Botulinus Toxin, Tetanus Toxin, and Anthrax Lethal Factor Inhibitors (Antonio Mastrolorenzo and Claudiu T. Supuran). 30. Clostridium histolyticum Collagenase Inhibitors in the Drug Design (Claudiu T. Supuran). 31. Other Bacterial Zinc Peptidases as Potential Drug Targets (Kunihiko Watanabe). PART V DRUG DESIGN STUDIES OF OTHER ZINC-CONTAINING ENZYMES. 32. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Ana Camara-Artigas, Vicente Jara-Perez, and Montserrat Andujar-Sanchez). 33. P-III Metalloproteinase (Leucurolysin-B) from Bothrops leucurus Venom: Isolation and Possible Inhibition (Eladio F. Sanchez and Johannes A. Eble). 34. CaaX-Protein Prenyltransferase Inhibitors (Martin Schlitzer, Regina Ortmann, and Mirko Altenkamper). 35. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (Paul W. Finn). 36. Recent Development of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents Targeting Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) (Youngjoo Byun, Ronnie C. Mease, Shawn E. Lupold, and Martin G. Pomper). 37. Targeting HIV-1 Integrase Zinc Binding Motif (Mario Sechi, Mauro Carcelli, Dominga Rogolino, and Nouri Neamati). 38. Inhibitors of Histidinol Dehydrogenases as Antibacterial Agents (Pascale Joseph, Franc¸ois Turtaut, Stephan K€ohler, and Jean-Yves Winum). 39. Dihydroorotase Inhibitors (Mihwa Lee, Megan J. Maher, Richard I. Christopherson, and J. Mitchell Guss). 40. APOBEC3G: A Promising Antiviral Target (Claudiu T. Supuran and Jean-Yves Winum). Index.
£204.20
John Wiley & Sons Inc Molecular Recognition and Polymers
Book SynopsisState-of-the-art techniques for tapping the vast potential of polymers The use of specific non-covalent interactions to control polymer structure and properties is a rapidly emerging field with applications in diverse disciplines. Molecular Recognition and Polymers covers the fundamental aspects and applications of molecular recognitionin the creation of novel polymeric materials for use in drug delivery, sensors, tissue engineering, molecular imprinting, and other areas. This reference begins by explaining the fundamentals of supramolecular polymers; it progresses to cover polymer formation and self-assembly with a wide variety of examples, and then includes discussions of biomolecular recognition using polymers. With chapters contributed by the foremost experts in their fields, this resource: Provides an integrated resource for supramolecular chemistry, polymer science, and interfacial science Covers advanced, state-of-the-art technTrade Review"This book is an excellent up-to-date source for scientists in the field, as well as for teachers and graduate students of advanced organic chemistry or material science. Industrial researchers might also find the thorough reviews of emerging field stimulating ... The book should serve as a very valuable source and reference in any institutional or personal library." (Journal of the American Chemical Society, February 4, 2009)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. List of Contributors. List of Figures. List of Tables. Editor Biographies. PART I: FUNDAMENTALS OF SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS. 1. A Brief Introduction to Supramolecular Chemistry in a Polymer Context1 (Raymond J. Thibault and Vincent M. Rotello). 1.1 Introduction and Background. 1.2 Main-chain versus Side-chain Supramolecular Polymers. References. 2. Molecular Recognition Using Amphiphilic Macromolecules (Malar A Azagarsamy, K. Krishnamoorthy, and S. Thayumanavan). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. 2.2.1 Non-Specific Interactions. 2.2.2 Specific Interactions. 2.3 Amphiphilic Homopolymers. 2.3.1 Container Properties. 2.4 Amphiphilic Dendrimers. 2.5 Conclusions. 2.6 Acknowledgements. References. 3. Supramolecular Control of Mechanical Properties in Single Molecules, Interfaces and Macroscopic Materials (David M. Loveless, Farrell R. Kersey and Stephen L. Craig). 3.1 Introduction and Background. 3.2 Mechanical Properties of Linear Supramolecular Polymers. 3.3 Mechanical Properties of Supramolecular Polymer Networks. 3.4 Mechanical Properties in Supramolecular Polymers at Interfaces. 3.5 Mechanical Forces and Supramolecular Interactions. 3.6 Conclusions. References. PART II: POLYMER FORMATION AND SELF-ASSEMBLY. 4. Hydrogen Bond Functionalized Block Copolymers and Telechelic Oligomers (Brian D. Mather and Timothy E. Long). 4.1 Scientific Rationale and Perspective. 4.2 Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Macromolecular Design. 4.2.1 Fundamentals of Hydrogen Bonding. 4.2.2 Performance Advantages of Hydrogen Bond Containing Polymers. 4.3 Hydrogen Bond Containing Block Copolymers. 4.4 Telechelic Hydrogen Bond Functional Polymers. 4.5 Combining Hydrogen Bonding with other Non-Covalent Interactions. 4.6 Reversible Attachment of Guest Molecules via Hydrogen Bonding. 4.7 Conclusions and Summary. References. 5. NonCovalent Side Chain Modification (Kamlesh P. Nair and Marcus Weck). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Strategies Towards Noncovalent Side-Chain Functionalization of Polymeric Scaffolds. 5.3 Noncovalent Multifunctionalization of the Side-Chains of Polymeric Scaffolds. 5.4 Applications of Noncovalently Functionalized Side-Chain Copolymers. 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook. 5.6 Acknowledgements. References. 6. Polymer-Mediated Assembly of Nanoparticles Using Engineered Interactions (Hung-Ting Chen, Yuval Ofir, and Vincent M. Rotello). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Design of Nanoparticles and Polymers. 6.3 Self-Assembly Polymer-particle Nanocomposites. 6.4 Conclusions and Outlook. References. 7. Metallosupramolecular Polymers, Networks, and Gels (Blayne M. McKenzie and Stuart J. Rowan). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Metal-Ligand Binding Motifs. 7.3 Linear and Macrocyclic Main-Chain Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers. 7.4 Metallo-Supramolecular Networks and Gels. 7.5 Conclusion and Outlook. References. 8. Polymeric Capsules: Catalysis and Drug Delivery (Brian P. Mason, Jeremy L. Steinbacher, and D. Tyler McQuade). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Methods of Encapsulation. 8.3 Catalyst Encapsulation. 8.4 Drug Delivery with Microcapsules. 8.5 Conclusion. References. 9. Sequence-Specific Hydrogen-Bonded Units for Directed Association, Assembly and Ligation (Bing Gong). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 General Design: Information-Storing Molecular Duplexes Based on the Recombination of H-Bond Donors and Acceptors. 9.3 Quadruply H-Bonded Duplexes with Sequence-Independent Stability. 9.4 Tuning Binding Strength by Varying the Number of Interstrand H-Bonds. 9.5 Probing Sequence-Specificity. 9.6 Unexpected Discovery: Duplexes Containing Folded Strands. 9.7 Directed Assembly: Formation of β-sheets and Supramolecular Block Copolymers. 9.8 Integrating Non-covalent and Covalent Interactions: Directed Olefin Metathesis and Disulfide Bond Formation. 9.9 Conclusions and Future Perspective. 9.10 Acknowledgements. References. 10. Bioinspired Supramolecular Design in Polymers for Advanced Mechanical Properties (Zhibin Guan). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Biomimetic Concept of Modular Polymer Design. 10.3 Results and Discussion. 10.4 Summary and Perspective. 10.5 Acknowledgements. References. 11. The Structure and Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Dendrimers in Water (Hui Shao and Jon R. Parquette). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Structure. 11.3 Self-Assembly and Aggregation. 11.4 Folded Amphiphilic Dendrimers. 11.5 Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayers. 11.6 Conclusion. References. PART III: BIOMOLECULAR RECOGNITION USING POLYMERS. 12. Colorimetric Sensing and Biosensing Using Functionalized Conjugated Polymers (Amit Basu). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Polydiacetylene. 12.3 Polythiophenes. 12.4 Other Materials. 12.5 Summary. References. 13. Glycodendrimers and Other Macromolecules Bearing Multiple Carbohydrates (Mary J. Cloninger). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Dendrimers to Glycodendrimers. 13.3 Multivalency. 13.4 Heteromultivalent Carbohydrate Systems. 13.5 Comments Regarding the Synthesis of Heteromultivalent Carbohydrate Systems. 13.6 EPR Characterization of Heterogeneously Functionalized Dendrimers. 13.7 Conclusions and Outlook. 13.8 Acknowledgement. References. 14. Supramolecular Polymerization of Peptides and Peptide Derivatives: Nanofibrous Materials (He Dong, Virany M. Yuwono, and Jeffrey D. Hartgerink). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Self-Assembly of Nanofibers Based on Alpha-Helices. 14.3 Nanofibers Self-Assembled from Beta-Sheets. 14.4 Collagen Mimetics. 14.5 Conclusions. References. 15. Molecular Imprinting for Sensor Applications (Xiangyang Wu and Ken D. Shimizu). 15.1 Introduction to Sensing Platforms. 15.2 Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. 15.3 Recognition Properties of MIPs. 15.4 Polymer Formats and Morphologies. 15.5 Application of MIPs in Sensing. 15.6 Conclusions and Outlook. References. Index.
£135.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Fluid Flow for the Practicing Chemical Engineer
Book SynopsisThis book teaches the fundamentals of fluid flow by including both theory and the applications of fluid flow in chemical engineering. It puts fluid flow in the context of other transport phenomena such as mass transfer and heat transfer, while covering the basics, from elementary flow mechanics to the law of conservation.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. I. Introduction to Fluid Flow. 1. History of Chemical Engineering—Fluid Flow. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Fluid Flow. 1.3 Chemical Engineering. References. 2. Units and Dimensional Analysis. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Dimensional Analysis. 2.3 Buckingham Pi (π) Theorem. 2.4 Scale-Up and Similarity. References. 3. Key Terms and Definitions. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Definitions. References. 4. Transport Phenomena Versus Unit Operations. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 The Differences. 4.3 What is Engineering? References. 5. Newtonian Fluids. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Newton’s Law of Viscosity. 5.3 Viscosity Measurements. 5.4 Microscopic Approach. References. 6. Non-Newtonian Flow. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Classification of Non-Newtonian Fluids. 6.3 Microscopic Approach. References. II. Basic Laws. 7. Conservation Law for Mass. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Conversation of Mass. 7.3 Microscopic Approach. References. 8. Conservation Law for Energy. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Conservation of Energy. 8.3 Total Energy Balance Equation. References. 9. Conservation Law for Momentum. 9.1 Momentum Balances. 9.2 Microscopic Approach: Equation of Momentum Transfer. References. 10. Law of Hydrostatics. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Pressure Principles. 10.3 Manometry Principles. Reference. 11. Ideal Gas Law. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Boyle’s and Charles’ Laws. 11.3 The Ideal Gas Law. 11.4 Non-Ideal Gas Behavior. References. III. Fluid Flow Classification. 12. Flow Mechanisms. 12. 1 Introduction. 12.2 The Reynolds Number. 12.3 Strain Rate, Shear Rare, and Velocity Profile. 12.4 Velocity Profile and Average Velocity. Reference. 13. Laminar Flow in Pipes. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Friction Losses. 13.3 Tube Size. 13.4 Other Considerations. 13.5 Microscopic Approach. References. 14. Turbulent Flow in Pipes. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Describing Equations. 14.3 Relative Roughness in Pipes. 14.4 Friction Factor Equations. 14.5 Other Cosiderations. 14.6 Flow Through Several Pipes. 14.7 General Predictive and Design Approaches. 14.8 Microscopic Approach. References. 15. Compressible and Sonic Flow. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Compressible Flow. 15.3 Sonic Flow. 15.4 Pressure Drop Equations. References. 16. Two-Phase Flow. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2. Gas (G)-Liquid (L) Flow Principles: Generalized Approach. 16.3 Gas (Turbulent) Flow—Liquid (Turbulent) Flow. 16.4 Gas (Turbulent) Flow-Liquid (Viscous) Flow. 16.5 Gas (Viscous) Flow-Liquid (Viscous) Flow. 16.6 Gas – Solid Flow. References. IV. Fluid Flow Transport and Applications. 17. Prime Movers. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Fans. 17.3 Pumps. 17.4 Compressors. References. 18. Valves and Fittings. 18.1 Valves. 18.2 Fittings. 18.3 Expansion and Contraction Effects. 18.4 Calculating Losses of Valves and Fittings. 18.5 Fluid Flow Experiment: Data and Calculations. References. 19. Flow Measurement. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Manometry and Pressure Measurements. 19.3 Pitot Tube. 19.4 Venturi Meter. 19.5 Orifice Meter. 19.6 Selection Process. Reference. 20. Ventilation. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Indoor Air Quality. 20.3 Indoor Air/Ambient Air Comparison. 20.4 Industrial Ventilation Systems. References. 21. Academic Applications. References. 22. Industrial Applications. References. V. Fluid-Particle Applications. 23. Particle Dynamics. 23.1 Introduction. 23.2 Particle Classification and Measurement. 23.3 Drag Force. 23.4 Particle Force Balance. 23.5 Cunningham Correction. 23.6 Liquid-Particle Systems. 23.7 Drag on a Flat Plate. References. 24. Sedimentation, Centrifugation, Flotation. 24.1 Sedimentation. 24.2 Centrifugation. 24.3 Hydrostatic Equilibrium in Centrifugation. 24.4 Flotation. References. 25. Porous Media and Packed Beds. 25.1 Introduction. 25.2 Definitions. 25.3 Flow Regimes. References. 26. Fluidization. 26.1 Introduction. 26.2 Fixed Beds. 26.3 Permeability. 26.4 Minimum Fluidization Velocity. 26.5 Bed Height, Pressure Drop and Porosity. 26.6 Fluidization Modes. 26.7 Fluidization Experiment Data and Calculations. References. 27. Filtration. 27.1 Introduction. 27.2 Filtration Equipment. 27.3 Describing Equations. 27.4 Filtration Experimental Data and Calculations. References. VI. Special Topics. 28. Environmental Management. 28.1 Introduction. 28.2 Environmental Management History. 28.3 Environmental Management Topics. 28.4 Applications. References. 29. Accident and Emergency Management. 29.1 Introduction. 29.2 Legislation. 29.3 Health Risk Assessment. 29.4 Hazard Risk Assessment. 29.5 Illustrative Examples. References. 30. Ethics. 30.1 Introduction. 30.2 Teaching Ethics. 30.3 Case Study Approach. 30.4 Integrity. 30.5 Moral Issues. 30.6 Guardianship. 30.7 Engineering and Environmental Ethics. 30.8 Applications. References. 31. Numerical Methods. 31.1 Introduction. 31.2 Early History. 31.3 Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations. 31.4 Nonlinear Algebraic Equations. 31.5 Numerical Integration. References. 32. Economics and Finance. 32.1 Introduction. 32.2 The Need for Economic Analyses. 32.3 Definitions. 32.4 Principles of Accounting. 32.5 Applications. References. 33. Biomedical Engineering. 33.1 Introduction. 33.2 Definitions. 33.3 Blood. 33.4 Blood Vessels. 33.5 Heart. 34.6 Plasma/Cell Flow. 34.7 Biomedical Engineering Opportunities. References. 34. Open-Ended Problems. 34.1 Introduction. 34.2 Developing Students’ Power of Critical Thinking. 34.3 Creativity. 34.4 Brainstorming. 34.5 Inquiring Minds. 34.6 Angels on a Pin. 34.7 Applications. References. Appendix. Index.
£115.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Biodegradable Polymers in Clinical Use and
Book SynopsisThis book focuses on biodegradable polymers that are already in clinical use or under clinical development. Synthetic and natural polymers will be included. This excludes polymers that have been investigated and did not reach clinical development. The purpose of this book is to provide updated status of the polymers that are clinical use and those that are now being developed for clinical use and hopefully will reach the clinic during the next 5 years. The book provides information that of interest to academics and practicing researchers including chemists, biologists and bioengineers and users: physicians, pharmacists.Table of ContentsCONTRIBUTORS. PREFACE. PART I GENERAL. 1 Biodegradable Polymers in Drug Delivery (Jay Prakash Jain, Wubante Yenet, Abraham J. Domb, and Neeraj Kumar). PART II BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS OF NATURAL ORIGIN: PROTEIN-BASED POLYMERS. 2 Collagen (Wahid Khan, Deepak Yadav, Abraham J. Domb, and Neeraj Kumar). 3 Properties and Hemostatic Application of Gelatin (Jalindar Totre, Diana Ickowicz, and Abraham J. Domb). PART III BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS OF NATURAL ORIGIN: POLYSACCHARIDES. 4 Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Clinical Use and Applications (Anuradha Subramanian, Kirthanashri Srinivasan Vasanthan, Uma Maheswari Krishnan, and Swaminathan Sethuraman). 5 Clinical Uses of Alginate (Udi Nussinovitch and Amos Nussinovitch). 6 Dextran and Pentosan Sulfate — Clinical Applications (Ramu Parthasarathi and Athipettah Jayakrishnan). 7 Arabinogalactan in Clinical Use (Rajendra P. Pawar, Babasaheb A. Kushekar, Bhaskar S. Jadhav, Kiran R. Kharat, Ravikumar M. Borade, and Abraham J. Domb). PART IV BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS OF NATURAL ORIGIN: POLYESTERS. 8 Polyhydroxyalkanoate (Kesaven Bhubalan, Wing-Hin Lee, and Kumar Sudesh). PART V SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS. 9 Lactide and Glycolide Polymers (Kevin Letchford, Anders Sodergard, David Plackett, Samuel Gilchrist, and Helen Burt). 10 Polyanhydrides Poly(CPP-SA), Fatty-Acid-Based Polyanhydrides (Ravikumar M. Borade, Abraham J. Domb, Archana A. Sawale, Rajendra P. Pawar, and Kiran R. Kharat). 11 Poly(e-Caprolactone-co-Glycolide): Biomedical Applications of a Unique Elastomer (Kevin Cooper, Aruna Nathan, and Murty Vyakarnam). 12 Medicinal Applications of Cyanoacrylate (Rajendra P. Pawar, Ashok E. Jadhav, Sumangala B. Tathe, Bhimrao C. Khade, and Abraham J. Domb). 13 Polyethylene Glycol in Clinical Application and PEGylated Drugs (Teerapol Srichana, and Tan Suwandecha). PART VI INORGANIC POLYMERS. 14 Calcium-Phosphate-Based Ceramics for Biomedical Applications (Qing Lv, Kevin W.-H. Lo, Lakshmi S. Nair, and Cato T. Laurencin). PART VII BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS FOR EMERGING CLINICAL USES. 15 Biocompatible Polymers for Nucleic Acid Delivery (Jeff Sparks, and Khursheed Anwer). 16 Biodegradable Polymers for Emerging Clinical Use in Tissue Engineering (Shalini Verma, Kalpna Garkhal, Anupama Mittal, and Neeraj Kumar). 17 Injectable Polymers (Shimon A. Unterman, Norman A. Marcus, and Jennifer H. Elisseeff). PART VIII IPR ASPECTS OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS. 18 Global Patent and Technological Status of Biodegradable Polymers in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering (Parikshit Bansal, Shalini Verma, Wahid Khan, and Neeraj Kumar). Index.
£136.75
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advances in Industrial Mixing
Book SynopsisAdvances in Industrial Mixing is a companion volume and update to the Handbook of Industrial Mixing. The second volume fills in gaps for a number of industries that were not covered in the first edition. Significant changes in five of the fundamental areas are covered in entirely updated or new chapters.
£160.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design
Book SynopsisThis is the Third Edition of the standard text on chemical reaction engineering, beginning with basic definitions and fundamental principles and continuing all the way to practical applications, emphasizing real-world aspects of industrial practice. The text includes updated coverage of computer modeling methods and many new worked examples. Most of the examples use real kinetic data from processes of industrial importance.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Elements of Reaction Kinetics. 1.1 Definitions of Chemical Rates. 1.2 Rate Equations. 1.3 Coupled Reactions. 1.4 Reducing the Size of Kinetic Models. 1.5 Bio-Kinetics. 1.6 Complex Reactions. 1.7 Modeling the Rate Coefficient. Chapter 2: Kinetics of Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Adsorption on Solid Catalysts. 2.3 Rate Equations. 2.4 Complex Catalytic Reactions. 2.5 Experimental Reactors. 2.6 Model Discrimination and Parameter Estimation. 2.7 Sequential Design of Experiments. 2.8 Expert Systems in Kinetics Studies. Chapter 3: Transport Processes with Reactions Catalyzed by Solids. Part One Interfacial Gradient Effects. 3.1 Reaction of a component of a fluid at the surface of a solid. 3.2 Mass and heat transfer resistances. 3.3 Concentration or partial pressure and temperature differences. Part Two Intraparticle Gradient Effects. 3.4 Molecular-, Knudsen-, and surface diffusion in pores. 3.5 Diffusion in a catalyst particle. 3.6 Diffusion and reaction in a catalyst particle. A continuum model. 3.7 Falsification of rate coefficient and activation energy by diffusion limitations. 3.8 Influence of diffusion limitations on the selectivities of coupled reactions. 3.9 Criteria for the importance of intraparticle diffusion limitations. 3.10 Multiplicity of steady states in catalyst particles. 3.11 Combination of external and internal diffusion limitations. 3.12 Diagnostic experimental criteria for the absence of internal and external mass transfer limitations. 3.13 Nonisothermal particles. Chapter 4: Noncatalytic Gas-Solid Reactions. 4.1 A Qualitative Discussion of Gas-Solid Reactions. 4.2 General Model with Interfacial and Intraparticle Gradients. 4.3 Heterogeneous Model with Shrinking Unreacted Core. 4.4 Models Accounting Explicitly for the Structure of the Solid. 4.5 On the Use of More Complex Kinetic Equations. Chapter 5: Catalyst Deactivation. 5.1 Types of Catalyst Deactivation. 5.2 Kinetics of Catalyst Poisoning. 5.3 Kinetics of Catalyst Deactivation by Coke Formation. Chapter 6: Gas-Liquid Reactions. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Models for Transfer at a Gas-Liquid Interface. 6.3 Two-Film Theory. 6.4 Surface Renewal Theory. 6.5 Experimental Determination of the Kinetics of Gas-Liquid Reactions. Chapter 7: The Modeling of Chemical Reactors. 7.1 Approach. 7.2 Aspects of Mass-, Heat- and Momentum Balances. 7.3 The Fundamental Model Equations. Chapter 8: The Batch and Semibatch Reactors. Introduction. 8.1 The Isothermal Batch Reactor. 8.2 The Nonisothermal Batch Reactor. 8.3 Semibatch Reactor Modeling. 8.4 Optimal Operation Policies and Control Strategies. Chapter 9: The Plug Flow Reactor. 9.1 The Continuity, Energy, and Momentum Equations. 9.2 Kinetic Studies Using a Tubular Reactor with Plug Flow. 9.3 Design and Simulation of Tubular Reactors with Plug Flow. Chapter 10: The Perfectly Mixed Flow Reactor. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Mass and Energy Balances . 10.3 Design for Optimum Selectivity in Simultaneous Reactions. 10.4 Stability of Operation and Transient Behavior. Chapter 11: Fixed Bed Catalytic Reactors. Part One Introduction. 11.1 The Importance and Scale of Fixed Bed Catalytic Processes. 11.2 Factors of Progress: Technological Innovations and Increased Fundamental Insight. 11.3 Factors Involved in the Preliminary Design of Fixed Bed Reactors. 11.4 Modeling of Fixed Bed Reactors. Part Two Pseudohomogeneous Models. 11.5 The Basic One-Dimensional Model. 11.6 One-Dimensional Model with Axial Mixing. 11.7 Two-Dimensional Pseudohomogeneous Models. Part Three Heteorgeneous Models. 11.8 One-Dimensional Model Accounting for Interfacial Gradients. 11.9 One-Dimensional Model Accounting for Interfacial and Intraparticle Gradients. 11.10 Two-Dimensional Heterogeneous Models. Chapter 12: Complex Flow Patterns. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Macro- and Micro-Mixing in Reactors. 12.3 Models Explicitly Accounting for Mixing. 12.4 Micro- Probability Density Function Methods. 12.5 Micro-PDF Moment Methods: Computational Fluid Dynamics. 12.6 Macro-PDF / Residence Time Distribution Methods. 12.7 Semi-Empirical Models for Reactors with Complex Flow Patterns. Chapter 13: Fluidized Bed and Transport Reactors. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Technological Aspects of Fluidized Bed and Riser Reactors. 13.3 Some Features of the Fluidization and Transport of Solids. 13.4 Heat Transfert in Fluidized Beds. 13.5 Modeling of Fluidized Bed Reactors. 13.6 Modeling of a Transport of Riser Reactor. 13.7 Fluidized Bed Reactor Models Considering Detailed Flow Patterns. 13.8 Catalytic Cracking of Vacuum Gas Oil. Chapter 14:Multiphase Flow Reactors. 14.1 Types of Multiphase Flow Reactors. 14.2 Design Models for Multiphase Flow Reactors. 14.3 Specific Design Aspects.
£208.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Engineering Complex Phenotypes in Industrial
Book SynopsisThis book details the current and future tools used in the production of bulk chemicals and biofuels developed from renewable biomass using green technologies. It describes in depth the technology used to unravel the complexity of microbial metabolism in order to produce engineering strains at time scales much faster than would occur naturally.Trade Review“This book should be valuable to engineers, biochemists, and students who seek to understand the science and practice of engineering biocatalysts for industrial applications.” (Chemical Engineering Progress, 1 January 2013)Table of ContentsForeword vii John Pierce Preface ix Contributors xi 1 Classical Strain Improvement 1 Nathan Crook and Hal S. Alper 2 Tracer-Based Analysis of Metabolic Flux Networks 35 Michael Dauner 3 Integration of “Omics” Data with Genome-Scale Metabolic Models 77 Stephen Van Dien, Priti Pharkya, and Robin Osterhout 4 Strain Improvement via Evolutionary Engineering 111 Byoungjin Kim, Jing Du, and Huimin Zhao 5 Rapid Fermentation Process Development and Optimization 133 Jun Sun and Lawrence Chew 6 The Clavulanic Acid Strain Improvement Program at DSM Anti-Infectives 169 Bert Koekman and Marcus Hans 7 Metabolic Engineering of Recombinant E. coli for the Production of 3-Hydroxypropionate 185 Tanya Warnecke Lipscomb, Matthew L. Lipscomb, Ryan T. Gill, and Michael D. Lynch 8 Complex System Engineering: A Case Study for an Unsequenced Microalga 201 Michael T. Guarnieri, Lieve M.L. Laurens, Eric P. Knoshaug, Yat-Chen Chou, Bryon S. Donohoe, and Philip T. Pienkos 9 Meiotic Recombination-Based Genome Shuffling of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Schefferomyces Stiptis for Increased Inhibitor Tolerance to Lignocellulosic Substrate Toxicity 233 Dominic Pinel and Vincent J.J. Martin Index 251
£91.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Modeling Analysis and Optimization of Process and
Book SynopsisEnergy costs impact the profitability of virtually all industrial processes. Stressing how plants use power, and how that power is actually generated, this book provides a clear and simple way to understand the energy usage in various processes, as well as methods for optimizing these processes using practical hands-on simulations and a unique approach that details solved problems utilizing actual plant data. Invaluable information offers a complete energy-saving approach essential for both the chemical and mechanical engineering curricula, as well as for practicing engineers.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Conversion Factors xvii List of Symbols xix 1. Introduction to Energy Usage, Cost, and Efficiency 1 1.1 Energy Utilization in the United States 1 1.2 The Cost of Energy 1 1.3 Energy Efficiency 4 1.4 The Cost of Self-Generated versus Purchased Electricity 10 1.5 The Cost of Fuel and Fuel Heating Value 11 1.6 Text Organization 12 1.7 Getting Started 15 1.8 Closing Comments 16 References 16 Problems 17 2. Engineering Economics with VBA Procedures 19 2.1 Introduction to Engineering Economics 19 2.2 The Time Value of Money: Present Value (PV) and Future Value (FV) 19 2.3 Annuities 22 2.4 Comparing Process Alternatives 29 2.4.1 Present Value 31 2.4.2 Rate of Return (ROR) 31 2.4.3 Equivalent Annual Cost/Annual Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) 32 2.5 Plant Design Economics 33 2.6 Formulating Economics-Based Energy Optimization Problems 34 2.7 Economic Analysis with Uncertainty: Monte Carlo Simulation 36 2.8 Closing Comments 38 References 39 Problems 39 3. Computer-Aided Solutions of Process Material Balances: The Sequential Modular Solution Approach 42 3.1 Elementary Material Balance Modules 42 3.1.1 Mixer 43 3.1.2 Separator 43 3.1.3 Splitter 44 3.1.4 Reactors 45 3.2 Sequential Modular Approach: Material Balances with Recycle 46 3.3 Understanding Tear Stream Iteration Methods 49 3.3.1 Single-Variable Successive Substitution Method 49 3.3.2 Multidimensional Successive Substitution Method 50 3.3.3 Single-Variable Wegstein Method 52 3.3.4 Multidimensional Wegstein Method 53 3.4 Material Balance Problems with Alternative Specifications 58 3.5 Single-Variable Optimization Problems 61 3.5.1 Forming the Objective Function for Single-Variable Constrained Material Balance Problems 61 3.5.2 Bounding Step or Bounding Phase: Swann’s Equation 61 3.5.3 Interval Refinement Phase: Interval Halving 65 3.6 Material Balance Problems with Local Nonlinear Specifications 66 3.7 Closing Comments 68 References 69 Problems 70 4. Computer-Aided Solutions of Process Material Balances: The Simultaneous Solution Approach 76 4.1 Solution of Linear Equation Sets: The Simultaneous Approach 76 4.1.1 The Gauss–Jordan Matrix Elimination Method 76 4.1.2 Gauss–Jordan Coding Strategy for Linear Equation Sets 78 4.1.3 Linear Material Balance Problems: Natural Specifi cations 78 4.1.4 Linear Material Balance Problems: Alternative Specifications 82 4.2 Solution of Nonlinear Equation Sets: The Newton–Raphson Method 82 4.2.1 Equation Linearization via Taylor’s Series Expansion 82 4.2.2 Nonlinear Equation Set Solution via the Newton–Raphson Method 83 4.2.3 Newton–Raphson Coding Strategy for Nonlinear Equation Sets 86 4.2.4 Nonlinear Material Balance Problems: The Simultaneous Approach 90 References 92 Problems 93 5. Process Energy Balances 98 5.1 Introduction 98 5.2 Separator: Equilibrium Flash 101 5.2.1 Equilibrium Flash with Recycle: Sequential Modular Approach 103 5.3 Equilibrium Flash with Recycle: Simultaneous Approach 109 5.4 Adiabatic Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) Material and Energy Balances Including Rate Expressions: Euler’s First-Order Method 112 5.4.1 Reactor Types 112 5.5 Styrene Process: Material and Energy Balances with Reaction Rate 117 5.6 Euler’s Method versus Fourth-Order Runge–Kutta Method for Numerical Integration 121 5.6.1 The Euler Method: First-Order ODEs 121 5.6.2 RK4 Method: First-Order ODEs 122 5.7 Closing Comments 124 References 125 Problems 125 6. Introduction to Data Reconciliation and Gross Error Detection 132 6.1 Standard Deviation and Probability Density Functions 133 6.2 Data Reconciliation: Excel Solver 136 6.2.1 Single-Unit Material Balance: Excel Solver 136 6.2.2 Multiple-Unit Material Balance: Excel Solver 138 6.3 Data Reconciliation: Redundancy and Variable Types 138 6.4 Data Reconciliation: Linear and Nonlinear Material and Energy Balances 143 6.5 Data Reconciliation: Lagrange Multipliers 149 6.5.1 Data Reconciliation: Lagrange Multiplier Compact Matrix Notation 152 6.6 Gross Error Detection and Identification 154 6.6.1 Gross Error Detection: The Global Test (GT) Method 154 6.6.2 Gross Error (Suspect Measurement) Identification: The Measurement Test (MT) Method: Linear Constraints 155 6.6.3 Gross Error (Suspect Measurement) Identification: The Measurement Test Method: Nonlinear Constraints 156 6.7 Closing Remarks 158 References 158 Problems 158 7. Gas Turbine Cogeneration System Performance, Design, and Off-Design Calculations: Ideal Gas Fluid Properties 164 7.1 Equilibrium State of a Simple Compressible Fluid: Development of the T ds Equations 165 7.1.1 Application of the T ds Equations to an Ideal Gas 166 7.1.2 Application of the T ds Equations to an Ideal Gas: Isentropic Process 166 7.2 General Energy Balance Equation for an Open System 167 7.3 Cogeneration Turbine System Performance Calculations: Ideal Gas Working Fluid 167 7.3.1 Compressor Performance Calculations 167 7.3.2 Turbine Performance Calculations 168 7.4 Air Basic Gas Turbine Performance Calculations 169 7.5 Energy Balance for the Combustion Chamber 172 7.5.1 Energy Balance for the Combustion Chamber: Ideal Gas Working Fluid 172 7.6 The HRSG: Design Performance Calculations 173 7.6.1 HRSG Design Calculations: Exhaust Gas Ideal and Water-Side Real Properties 176 7.7 Gas Turbine Cogeneration System Performance with Design HRSG 177 7.7.1 HRSG Material and Energy Balance Calculations Using Excel Callable Sheet Functions 179 7.8 HRSG Off-Design Calculations: Supplemental Firing 180 7.8.1 HRSG Off-Design Performance: Overall Energy Balance Approach 180 7.8.2 HRSG Off-Design Performance: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Approach 181 7.9 Gas Turbine Design and Off-Design Performance 185 7.9.1 Gas Turbines Types and Gas Turbine Design Conditions 185 7.9.2 Gas Turbine Design and Off-Design Using Performance Curves 186 7.9.3 Gas Turbine Internal Mass Flow Patterns 186 7.9.4 Industrial Gas Turbine Off-Design (Part Load) Control Algorithm 188 7.9.5 Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Off-Design (Part Load) Control Algorithm 189 7.9.6 Off-Design Performance Algorithm for Gas Turbines 189 7.10 Closing Remarks 193 References 194 Problems 194 8. Development of a Physical Properties Program for Cogeneration Calculations 198 8.1 Available Function Calls for Cogeneration Calculations 198 8.2 Pure Species Thermodynamic Properties 202 8.3 Derivation of Working Equations for Pure Species Thermodynamic Properties 207 8.4 Ideal Mixture Thermodynamic Properties: General Development and Combustion Reaction Considerations 209 8.4.1 Ideal Mixture 209 8.4.2 Changes in Enthalpy and Entropy 209 8.5 Ideal Mixture Thermodynamic Properties: Apparent Difficulties 211 8.6 Mixing Rules for EOS 213 8.7 Closing Remarks 215 References 216 Problems 216 9. Gas Turbine Cogeneration System Performance, Design, and Off-Design Calculations: Real Fluid Properties 222 9.1 Cogeneration Gas Turbine System Performance Calculations: Real Physical Properties 223 9.1.1 Air Compressor (AC) Performance Calculation 224 9.1.2 Energy Balance for the Combustion Chamber (CC) 224 9.1.3 C Functions for Combustion Temperature and Exhaust Gas Physical Properties 224 9.1.4 Gas and Power Turbine (G&PT) Performance Calculations 229 9.1.5 Air Preheater (APH) 230 9.2 HRSG: Design Performance Calculations 230 9.3 HRSG Off-Design Calculations: Supplemental Firing 232 9.3.1 HRSG Off-Design Performance: Overall Energy Balance Approach 233 9.3.2 HRSG Off-Design Performance: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Approach 234 9.4 Gas Turbine Design and Off-Design Performance 235 9.5 Closing Remarks 237 References 238 Problems 238 10. Gas Turbine Cogeneration System Economic Design Optimization and Heat Recovery Steam Generator Numerical Analysis 243 10.1 Cogeneration System: Economy of Scale 244 10.2 Cogeneration System Confi guration: Site Power-to-Heat Ratio 244 10.3 Economic Optimization of a Cogeneration System: The CGAM Problem 245 10.3.1 The Objective Function: Cogeneration System Capital and Operating Costs 246 10.3.2 Optimization: Variable Selection and Solution Strategy 248 10.3.3 Process Constraints 249 10.4 Economic Design Optimization of the CGAM Problem: Ideal Gas 249 10.4.1 Air Preheater (APH) Equations 249 10.4.2 CGAM Problem Physical Properties 249 10.5 The CGAM Cogeneration Design Problem: Real Physical Properties 250 10.6 Comparing CogenD and General Electric’s GateCycle™ 253 10.7 Numerical Solution of HRSG Heat Transfer Problems 254 10.7.1 Steady-State Heat Conduction in a One-Dimensional Wall 254 10.7.2 Unsteady-State Heat Conduction in a One-Dimensional Wall 255 10.7.3 Steady-State Heat Conduction in the HRSG 259 10.8 Closing Remarks 266 References 267 Problems 267 11. Data Reconciliation and Gross Error Detection in a Cogeneration System 272 11.1 Cogeneration System Data Reconciliation 272 11.2 Cogeneration System Gross Error Detection and Identification 278 11.3 Visual Display of Results 281 11.4 Closing Comments 281 References 282 Problems 283 12. Optimal Power Dispatch in a Cogeneration Facility 284 12.1 Developing the Optimal Dispatch Model 284 12.2 Overview of the Cogeneration System 286 12.3 General Operating Strategy Considerations 287 12.4 Equipment Energy Efficiency 287 12.4.1 Stand-Alone Boiler (Boiler 4) Performance (Based on Fuel Higher Heating Value (HHV)) 288 12.4.2 Electric Chiller Performance 289 12.4.3 Steam-Driven Chiller Performance 290 12.4.4 GE Air Cooler Chiller Performance 291 12.4.5 GE Gas Turbine Performance (Based on Fuel HHV) 294 12.4.6 GE Gas Turbine HRSG Boiler 8 Performance (Based on Fuel HHV) 295 12.4.7 GE Gas Turbine HRSG Boiler 8 Performance Supplemental Firing (Based on Fuel HHV) 296 12.4.8 Allison Gas Turbine Performance (Based on Fuel HHV) 296 12.4.9 Allison Gas Turbine HRSG Boiler 7 Performance (Based on Fuel HHV) 297 12.4.10 Allison Gas Turbine HRSG Boiler 7 Performance Supplemental Firing (Based on Fuel HHV) 297 12.5 Predicting the Cost of Natural Gas and Purchased Electricity 298 12.5.1 Natural Gas Cost 299 12.5.2 Purchased Electricity Cost 299 12.6 Development of a Multiperiod Dispatch Model for the Cogeneration Facility 302 12.7 Closing Comments 309 References 310 Problems 310 13. Process Energy Integration 314 13.1 Introduction to Process Energy Integration/Minimum Utilities 314 13.2 Temperature Interval/Problem Table Analysis with 0° Approach Temperature 316 13.3 The Grand Composite Curve (GCC) 317 13.4 Temperature Interval/Problem Table Analysis with “Real” Approach Temperature 318 13.5 Determining Hot and Cold Stream from the Process Flow Sheet 319 13.6 Heat Exchanger Network Design with Maximum Energy Recovery (MER) 324 13.6.1 Design above the Pinch 325 13.6.2 Design below the Pinch 327 13.7 Heat Exchanger Network Design with Stream Splitting 328 13.8 Heat Exchanger Network Design with Minimum Number of Units (MNU) 329 13.9 Software for Teaching the Basics of Heat Exchanger Network Design (Teaching Heat Exchanger Networks (THEN)) 331 13.10 Heat Exchanger Network Design: Distillation Columns 331 13.11 Closing Remarks 336 References 336 Problems 337 14. Process and Site Utility Integration 343 14.1 Gas Turbine-Based Cogeneration Utility System for a Processing Plant 343 14.2 Steam Turbine-Based Utility System for a Processing Plant 353 14.3 Site-Wide Utility System Considerations 356 14.4 Closing Remarks 362 References 363 Problems 363 15. Site Utility Emissions 368 15.1 Emissions from Stoichiometric Considerations 369 15.2 Emissions from Combustion Equilibrium Calculations 370 15.2.1 Equilibrium Reactions 371 15.2.2 Combustion Chamber Material Balances 371 15.2.3 Equilibrium Relations for Gas-Phase Reactions/Gas-Phase Combustors 372 15.2.4 Equilibrium Compositions from Equilibrium Constants 376 15.3 Emission Prediction Using Elementary Kinetics Rate Expressions 380 15.3.1 Combustion Chemical Kinetics 380 15.3.2 Compact Matrix Notation for the Species Net Generation (or Production) Rate 381 15.4 Models for Predicting Emissions from Gas Turbine Combustors 382 15.4.1 Perfectly Stirred Reactor for Combustion Processes: The Material Balance Problem 382 15.4.2 The Energy Balance for an Open System with Reaction (Combustion) 385 15.4.3 Perfectly Stirred Reactor Energy Balance 385 15.4.4 Solution of the Perfectly Stirred Reactor Material and Energy Balance Problem Using the Provided CVODE Code 386 15.4.5 Plug Flow Reactor for Combustion Processes: The Material Balance Problem 388 15.4.6 Plug Flow Reactor for Combustion Processes: The Energy Balance Problem 389 15.5 Closing Remarks 393 References 393 CVODE Tutorial 393 Problems 394 16. Coal-Fired Conventional Utility Plants with CO2 Capture (Design and Off-Design Steam Turbine Performance) 397 16.1 Power Plant Design Performance (Using Operational Data for Full-Load Operation) 398 16.1.1 Turbine System: Design Case (See Example 16.1.xls) 401 16.1.2 Extraction Flow Rates and Feedwater Heaters 402 16.1.3 Auxiliary Turbine/High-Pressure Feedwater Pump 402 16.1.4 Low-Pressure Feedwater Pump 403 16.1.5 Turbine Exhaust End Loss 403 16.1.6 Steam Turbine System Heat Rate and Performance Parameters 405 16.2 Power Plant Off-Design Performance (Part Load with Throttling Control Operation) 406 16.2.1 Initial Estimates for All Pressures and Effi ciencies: Sub Off_Design_Initial_Estimates ( ) 406 16.2.2 Modify Pressures: Sub Pressure_Iteration ( ) 406 16.2.3 Modify Effi ciencies: Sub Update Effi ciencies ( ) 408 16.3 Levelized Economics for Utility Pricing 409 16.4 CO2 Capture and Its Impact on a Conventional Utility Power Plant 413 16.5 Closing Comments 414 References 417 Problems 417 17. Alternative Energy Systems 419 17.1 Levelized Costs for Alternative Energy Systems 419 17.2 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC): Determination of Levelized Cost 420 17.3 Nuclear Power Cycle 425 17.3.1 A High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor (HTGR) 425 References 427 Problems 427 Appendix. Bridging Excel and C Codes 429 A.1 Introduction 429 A.2 Working with Functions 431 A.3 Working with Vectors 434 A.4 Working with Matrices 442 A.4.1 Gauss–Jordan Matrix Elimination Method 442 A.4.2 Coding the Gauss–Jordan Matrix Elimination Method 443 A.5 Closing Comments 446 References 448 Tutorial 448 Microsoft C++ 2008 Express: Creating C Programs and DLLs 448 Index 458
£106.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Rubber as a Construction Material for Corrosion
Book SynopsisFirst book on rubber used as a construction material dedicated to the chemical process industry Despite the long history of rubber as a construction material, this book is a unique publication as it comprehensively looks at the material with respect to the anti-corrosion requirements of the multitude of industries where rubber is used, both on land and offshore. This guide documents how rubber reliably meets the threats of corrosion and contributes to the longevity of the equipment. Chapters on ebonite, natural, and synthetic rubbers, examine their relevant properties and chemical resistance. The book details the practical aspects and handling of rubber lined equipment: thin-walled structures, vacuum vessels, ducts, large diameter tanks, agitators, and fully lined pipes (both inside and outside). Molded and fabricated products of ebonite and soft rubber as well as hand-made rubber products are shown along with vulcanization technology, testing and inspections, measureTrade Review“The book will also be very useful to the construction industry.” (Int. J. Microstructure and Materials Properties, 1 May 2012) Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Preface. 1. Introduction - Background and Reasons for Using Rubber as a Construction Material. 1.1 Background. 1.2 Elastomer. 1.3 Polymer. 1.4 Rubber. 1.5 Rubber Dampens. 1.6 Rubber Seals. 1.7 Rubber Protects Corrosion Effects. 1.8 Rubber Gives Thermal Insulation. 1.9 Rubber Gives Passive Fire Protection. 1.10 Rubber is Ablative. 1.11 Rubber wears. 1.12 Rubber Bonds with Metal. 1.13 Rubber is Impermeable. References. 2. Rubber Compounding. 2.1 Background. 2.2 Compounding. 2.3 Scope of Compounding. 2.4 Basic Compounding Formulation. 2.5 Property Requirements of Un-vulcanized Rubber. 2.6 Property Requirements of Vulcanized Rubber. 2.7 Basic Changes in Properties. 2.8 Compounding Ingredients. 3. Ebonite-Problems and Solutions. 3.1 Liquid Ebonite. 3.2 Rubber-sulphur Reaction. 3.3 Retarding Accelerators. 3.4 Coefficient of Vulcanization. 3.5 Synthetic Rubbers Which Can Be Converted into Ebonite. 3.6 Technological Aspects of Ebonites. 3.7 Uses of Ebonites. 3.8 Main Properties Exhibited by Ebonites. 3.9 Processing of Ebonite. 3.10 Vulcanization in Relation to Properties. 3.11 Rubber-sulphur Ratio and Cure Time. 3.12 Curing Temperature. 3.13 Method of Cure. 3.14 Shrinkage During Cure. 3.15 Shape Reduction During Cure. 4. Rubber Lining - Types and Application Procedures. 4.1 What is Rubber Lining? 4.2 Types of Corrosion. 4.3 Materials Selection. 4.4 Performance Tests. 4.5 Maintenance Requirements. 4.6 Control of Operating Conditions. 4.7 Corrosive Chemicals. 4.8 Codes of Practice Relating to Corrosion. 4.9 Types of Rubber Lining. 4.10 Application Procedures for Rubber Lining. 4.11 Role of Impurities. 4.12 Working Temperature. 4.13 Lining Thickness. 4.14 Adhesive Coating. 4.15 Application of Calendered Sheet. 4.16 Inspection of Rubber Lining. 4.17 Sheet Dimensions. 4.18 Sheet Laying and Rolling. 4.19 Lining Procedure for Pipes. 4.20 Storage of Rubber Lined Pipes. 4.21 Design and Fabrication of Lining Supports for Handling Lined Equipment. 4.22 Surface Preparation for Rubber Lining. 4.23 Methods of Surface Preparation. 4.24 On Site Rubber Lining. 5. Rubbers and Their Relevant Properties for the Chemical and Mineral Processing Industries. 5.1 Historical Aspects. 5.2 Elastomer Types According to American Society of Testing Materials-ASTM D2000. 5.3 Mullins Effect. 5.4 Payne Effect. 5.5 The Reversibility. 5.6 Resistance to Wear and Tear. 5.7 Chemical Compatibility. 5.8 Glass Transition Temperature. 5.9 High Temperature Behaviour. 5.10 Fluid Resistance. 5.11 Incompressibility. 5.12 Natural Rubber. 5.13 Synthetic Polyisoprene (IR). 5.14 Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR). 5.15 Butadiene Rubber. 5.16 Butyl Rubber (IIR). 5.17 Chlorobutyl (CIIR) and Bromobutyl (BUR). 5.18 Ethylene Propylene Rubbers (EPM and EPDM). 5.19 Polychloroprene (CR). 5.20 Nitrile Rubbers. 5.21 Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene (CSM). 5.22 Silicone Rubber. 5.23 Thiokol or Polysulphide Rubbers (T). 5.24 Polyurethane (AU or EU). 5.25 Fluoroelastomers (FKM). 6. Design Considerations for Fabrication of Equipment Suitable for Rubber Lining. 6.1 Mild Steel Vessels. 6.2 Pipes and Fittings. 6.3 Metal Defects Detrimental to Rubber Lining. 7. Chemical Process Plants and Equipment. 7.1 The Chemical Process. 7.2 Flue Gas Desulphurization Systems (FGD). 7.3 Water and Waste Water Treatment Equipment. 7.4 Nuclear Power Water Treatment Plant. 7.5 Radiation Units. 7.6 Phosphoric Acid Equipment. 7.7 Hydrochloric Acid Handling Equipment. 7.8 Sodium Hypochlorite and other Bleach Equipment. 7.9 Gold Ore Processing Equipment. 7.10 Equipment for Evaporation. 7.11 Crystallizer. 7.12 Dryers. 7.13 Cyclone Separators. 7.14 Thickeners. 7.15 Perforated Plates. 7.16 Industry Equipment and Components. 8. Processibility and Vulcanization Tests. 8.1 Critical Properties of Rubber. 8.2 Scorch. 8.3 Rate of Cure. 8.4 State of Cure. 8.5 Cure Time. 8.6 Over Cure. 8.7 Processibility. 8.8 Plasticity. 8.9 Plasticity Tests. 8.10 Plasticity and Viscosity Test Methods. 8.11 Residual Scorch. 8.12 Vulcanization Studies. 8.13 Vulcanization Test. 8.14 Density of Solids. 8.15 Hardness. 8.16 Spark Testing. 8.17 Immersion Test 8.18 Specifications and Codes of Practice. 9. Rubber to Metal Bonding. 9.1 The Rubber Bonding Process. 9.2 The Bonding Layer. 9.3 Selection of Bonding Agents. 9.4 Choice of Substrate. 9.5 The Bonding Process. 9.6 Application of Bonding Agents. 9.7 Adhesive Manufacture for Ebonite Bonding. 9.8 Moulding of Rubber-Metal Bonded Product. 9.9 Compounding of Rubber for Metal-Rubber Bonding. 10. Vulcanization Technology. 10.1 Principles of Vulcanization. 10.2 Sulphur and Sulphurless Vulcanization. 10.3 Peroxide Vulcanization. 10.4 Vulcanization Conditions. 10.5 Techniques of Vulcanization. 10.6 Control of Production Cures. 10.7 Vulcanization Time. 10.8 Common Defects in Vulcanizates. 11. Rubber in Seawater Systems. 11.1 Seawater. 11.2 Design Considerations in Seawater Corrosion Protecting System. 11.3 Epoxy Resin. 11.4 Elastomeric Polyurethane Coating. 11.5 Surface Preparation Methods. 11.6 Specific Corrosion Protection Measures. 11.7 Intake Water Tunnels. 11.8 Trash Rack and Traveling Water Screens. 11.9 Condenser Water Boxes. 11.10 Condenser Tubes and Tube Sheets. 11.11 Piping, Pumps and Heat Exchangers. 11.12 Field Observations. 11.13 Material of Construction for Seawater Based Systems in Nuclear Power Plants [1]. 12. Rubber in Oil Field Environment. 12.1 Well Fluid. 12.2 Completion Fluid. 12.3 Stimulation Fluid. 12.4 Explosive Decompression. 12.5 Effect of Increasing Molecular Weight. 13. Calendering of Rubber and Coated Rubber Sheets. 13.1 Calendering Machine. 13.2 Calender Design Features. 13.3 Fabric Coating-Topping. 13.4 Frictioning. 13.5 Rubber Sheets. 13.6 The Art of Calendering. 14. Moulding Technology. 14.1 Factors in Moulding. 14.2 Types of Moulding Process. 14.3 Press Curing. 14.4 Moulding of Hollow Parts. 14.5 Moulding Shrinkage. 14.6 Mould Lubricants. 14.7 Moulding Defects. 15. Service Life of Rubber-lined Chemical Equipment. 15.1 Materials that Improve the Ageing of Vulcanizates. 15.2 Oxidation. 15.3 Heat. 15.4 Flexing. 15.5 Ozone. 15.6 Light. 15.7 Sulphur. 15.8 Metals. 15.9 Fluids. 15.10 l Predicting Life of Lining. 15.11 Hydrochloric Acid Tank Lining Life. 15.12 Residual Life of Natural Rubber Lining in a Phosphoric Acid Storage Tank. 15.13 Immersion in Fluids. 16. Case Studies. 16.1 Case Study: Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster. 16.2 Case Study: Hinkle Reservoir. 16.3 Case Study: Ammonium Nitrate Explosion. 16.4 Case Study: "O"Ring Failure. 16.5 Case Study: Pebble Mill. 16.6 Case Study: Rubber and Ceramic Liners. 16.7 Case Study: Flue Gas Desulphurizing. 16.8 Case Study: Wrong Selection of Curing Method. Glossary of Terms. Appendix 1. ASTM Elastomer/Rubber Designations. Appendix 2. Properties of Specialty Rubbers. Appendix 3, Temperature-Pressure Equivalents of Saturated Steam. Appendix 4. List of Suppliers Who Publish Technical Literature on Rubbers and Chemicals. Bibiliography. About the Author. Index.
£144.35
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Quantitative Sensory Analysis
Book SynopsisSensory evaluation is a scientific discipline used to evoke, measure, analyse and interpret responses to products perceived through the senses of sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing. It is used to reveal insights into the way in which sensory properties drive consumer acceptance and behaviour, and to design products that best deliver what the consumer wants. It is also used at a more fundamental level to provide a wider understanding of the mechanisms involved in sensory perception and consumer behaviour. Quantitative Sensory Analysis is an in-depth and unique treatment of the quantitative basis of sensory testing, enabling scientists in the food, cosmetics and personal care product industries to gain objective insights into consumer preference data vital for informed new product development. Written by a globally-recognised learer in the field, this book is suitable for industrial sensory evaluation practitioners, sensory scientists, advanced undergraduate and graTable of ContentsPreface x 1 Psychophysics I: Introduction and Thresholds 1 1.1 Introduction and Terminology 1 1.2 Absolute Sensitivity 4 1.3 Methods for Measuring Absolute Thresholds 8 1.4 Differential Sensitivity 13 1.5 A Look Ahead: Fechner’s Contribution 17 Appendix 1.A: Relationship of Proportions, Areas Under the Normal Distribution, and Z-Scores 18 Appendix 1.B: Worked Example: Fitting a Logistic Function to Threshold Data 20 References 22 2 Psychophysics II: Scaling and Psychophysical Functions 24 2.1 Introduction 24 2.2 History: Cramer, Bernoulli, Weber, and Fechner 26 2.3 Partition Scales and Categories 27 2.4 Magnitude Estimation and the Power Law 28 2.5 Cross-Modality Matching; Attempts at Validation 32 2.6 Two-Stage Models and Judgment Processes 35 2.7 Empirical Versus Theory-Based Functions 39 2.8 Hybrid Scales and Indirect Scales: A Look Ahead 40 2.9 Summary and Conclusions 41 Appendix 2.A: Decibels and Sones 42 Appendix 2.B: Worked Example: Transformations Applied to Non-Modulus Magnitude Estimation Data 44 References 45 3 Basics of Signal Detection Theory 47 3.1 Introduction 48 3.2 The Yes/No Experiment 49 3.3 Connecting the Design to Theory 52 3.4 The ROC Curve 57 3.5 ROC Curves from Rating Scales; the R-Index 62 3.6 Conclusions and Implications for Sensory Testing 67 Appendix 3.A: Table of p and Z 68 Appendix 3.B: Test for the Significance of Differences Between d′ Values 69 References 69 4 Thurstonian Models for Discrimination and Preference 71 4.1 The Simple Paired-Choice Model 71 4.2 Extension into n-AFC: The Byer and Abrams “Paradox” 78 4.3 A Breakthrough: Power Analysis and Sample Size Determination 80 4.4 Tau Versus Beta Criteria: The Same–Different Test 84 4.5 Extension to Preference and Nonforced Preference 89 4.6 Limitations and Issues in Thurstonian Modeling 90 4.7 Summary and Conclusions 94 Appendix 4.A: The Bradley–Terry–Luce Model: An Alternative to Thurstone 95 Appendix 4.B: Tables for delta Values from Proportion Correct 96 References 97 5 Progress in Discrimination Testing 99 5.1 Introduction 99 5.2 Metrics for Degree of Difference 104 5.3 Replication in Choice Tests 108 5.4 Current Variations 110 5.5 Summary and Conclusions 118 Appendix 5.A: Psychometric Function for the Dual Pair Test, Power Equations, and Sample Size 119 Appendix 5.B: Fun with g 120 References 121 6 Similarity and Equivalence Testing 124 6.1 Introduction: Issues in Type II Error 124 6.2 Commonsense Approaches to Equivalence 126 6.3 Allowable Differences and Effect Size 133 6.4 Further Significance Testing 138 6.5 Summary and Conclusions 140 References 141 7 Progress in Scaling 143 7.1 Introduction 143 7.2 Labeled Magnitude Scales for Intensity 147 7.3 Adjustable and Relative Scales 153 7.4 Explicit Anchoring 155 7.5 Post Hoc Adjustments 158 7.6 Summary and Conclusions 161 Appendix 7.A: Examples of Individual Rescaling for Magnitude Estimation 162 References 164 8 Progress in Affective Testing: Preference/Choice and Hedonic Scaling 167 8.1 Introduction 167 8.2 Preference Testing Options 168 8.3 Replication 173 8.4 Alternative Models: Ferris k-visit, Dirichlet multinomial 176 8.5 Affective Scales 181 8.6 Ranking and Partial Ranking 185 8.7 Conclusions 188 Appendix 8.A: Proof that the McNemar Test is Equivalent to the Binomial Approximation Z-Test (AKA Sign Test) 188 References 190 9 Using Subjects as Their Own Controls 194 Part I: Designs using Parametric Statistics 195 9.1 Introduction to Part I 195 9.2 Dependent Versus Independent t-Tests 198 9.3 Within-Subjects ANOVA (“Repeated Measures”) 203 9.4 Issues 206 Part II: Nonparametric Statistics 208 9.5 Introduction to Part II 208 9.6 Applications of the McNemar Test: A–not-A and Same–Different Methods 209 9.7 Examples of the Stuart–Maxwell 212 9.8 Further Extensions of the Stuart Test Comparisons 218 9.9 Summary and Conclusions 220 Appendix 9.A: R code for the Stuart Test 221 References 222 10 Frequency Counts and Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) 224 10.1 Frequency Count Data: Situations — Open Ends, CATA 224 10.2 Simple Data Handling 227 10.3 Repeated or Within-Subjects Designs 228 10.4 Multivariate Analyses 230 10.5 Difference from Ideal and Penalty Analysis 231 10.6 Frequency Counts in Advertising Claims 235 10.7 Conclusions 236 Appendix 10.A: Proof Showing Equivalence of Binomial Approximation Z-Test and c2 Test for Differences of Proportions 237 References 239 11 Time–Intensity Modeling 240 11.1 Introduction: Goals and Applications 240 11.2 Parameters Versus Average Curves 245 11.3 Other Methods and Analyses 250 11.4 Summary and Conclusions 254 References 254 12 Product Stability and Shelf-Life Measurement 257 12.1 Introduction 257 12.2 Strategies, Measurements, and Choices 258 12.3 Study Designs 261 12.4 Hazard Functions and Failure Distributions 261 12.5 Reaction Rates and Kinetic Modeling 267 12.6 Summary and Conclusions 271 References 272 13 Product Optimization, Just-About-Right (Jar ) Scales, and Ideal Profiling 273 13.1 Introduction 273 13.2 Basic Equations, Designed Experiments, and Response Surfaces 276 13.3 Just-About-Right Scales 279 13.4 Ideal Profiling 285 13.5 Summary and Conclusions 292 References 294 14 Perceptual Mapping, Multivariate Tools, and Graph Theory 297 14.1 Introduction 297 14.2 Common Multivariate Methods 299 14.3 Shortcuts for Data Collection: Sorting and Projective Mapping 308 14.4 Preference Mapping Revisited 309 14.5 Cautions and Concerns 311 14.6 Introduction to Graph Theory 314 References 319 15 Segmentation 323 15.1 Introduction 323 15.2 Case Studies 326 15.3 Cluster Analysis 330 15.4 Other Analyses and Methods 336 15.5 Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things 337 References 338 16 An Introduction to Bayesian Analysis 340 16.1 Some Binomial-Based Examples 340 16.2 General Bayesian Models 347 16.3 Bayesian Inference Using Beta Distributions for Preference Tests 349 16.4 Proportions of Discriminators 352 16.5 Modeling Forced-Choice Discrimination Tests 353 16.6 Replicated Discrimination Tests 355 16.7 Bayesian Networks 356 16.8 Conclusions 359 References 360 Appendix A: Overview of Sensory Evaluation 361 A.1 Introduction 361 A.2 Discrimination and Simple Difference Tests 363 A.3 Descriptive Analysis 367 A.4 Affective Tests 372 A.5 Summary and Conclusions 375 References 375 Appendix B: Overview of Experimental Design 377 B.1 General Considerations 377 B.2 Factorial Designs 379 B.3 Fractional Factorials and Screening 380 B.4 Central Composite and Box–Behnken Designs 383 B.5 Mixture Designs 385 B.6 Summary and Conclusions 385 References 386 Appendix C: Glossary 387 Index 398
£151.95
John Wiley & Sons Inc Steroid Dimers
Book SynopsisSteroid dimers are an important group of compounds produced by various marine organisms, and also synthesized in the laboratories. This group of compounds possesses various pharmacological and biological properties, and can also be used to create molecular umbrellas for drug delivery. Steroid Dimers: Chemistry and Applications in Drug Design and Delivery provides an up-to-date overview on the chemistry and applications of steroid dimers of natural and synthetic origins. The book includes easy-to-follow synthetic protocols for various classes of important dimeric steroids, source details, valuable spectroscopic data and depiction of unique structural features of natural steroidal dimers, and the Structure-Activity-Relationships (SARs) of some pharmacologically active dimeric steroids. Topics covered include: introduction to steroid dimers synthesis and chemistry of noncyclic and cyclic steroid dimers naturally occurring steroid dimers cepTable of ContentsPreface ix List of Abbreviations xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Steroids and Steroid Dimers 1 1.2 General Physical and Spectroscopic Properties of Steroid Dimers 2 1.3 Chromatographic Behaviour of Steroid Dimers 5 1.4 Applications of Steroid Dimers 6 References 6 2 Synthesis of Acyclic Steroid Dimers 7 2.1 Dimers via Ring A–Ring A Connection 7 2.1.1 Direct Connection 7 2.1.2 Through Spacer Groups 21 2.2 Dimers via Ring B–Ring B Connection 68 2.2.1 Direct Connection 68 2.2.2 Through Spacer Groups 74 2.3 Dimers via Ring C–Ring C Connection 84 2.3.1 Through Spacer Groups 84 2.4 Dimers via Ring D–Ring D Connection 87 2.4.1 Direct Connection 87 2.4.2 Through Spacer Groups 89 2.4.3 Through Side Chain and Spacer Groups 100 2.5 Dimers via Ring A–Ring D Connection 151 2.5.1 Direct Connection 151 2.6 Dimers via Connection of C-19 169 2.7 Molecular Umbrellas 170 2.8 Miscellaneous 174 References 182 3 Synthesis of Cyclic Steroid Dimers 187 3.1 With Spacer Groups: Cholaphanes 187 3.2 Without Spacer Groups: Cyclocholates 232 References 238 4 Naturally Occurring Steroid Dimers 241 4.1 Cephalostatins 242 4.2 Crellastatins 254 4.3 Ritterazines 262 4.4 Others 277 References 284 5 Synthesis of Cephalostatin and Ritterazine Analogues 287 5.1 Introduction 287 5.2 Synthesis of Cephalostatin and Ritterazine Analogues 288 5.3 Total Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Cephalostatin 1 371 References 376 6 Applications of Steroid Dimers 379 6.1 Application of Steroid Dimers as ‘Molecular Umbrellas’: Drug Delivery 379 6.2 Biological and Pharmacological Functions of Steroid Dimers: Drug Discovery and Design 382 6.2.1 Antimalarial Activity 383 6.2.2 Cytotoxicity and Anticancer Potential 386 6.2.3 Effect on Micellar Concentrations of Bile Salts and Serum Cholesterol Level 401 6.2.4 Effect on Bilayer Lipid Membranes 402 6.2.5 Supramolecular Transmembrane Ion Channels, and Artificial Receptors and Ionophores 402 6.2.6 Other Properties 404 References 405 Index 409
£128.20
John Wiley & Sons Inc Processing and Properties of Advanced Ceramics
Book SynopsisThree international symposia Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Ceramic Matrix Composites, and Microwave Processing of Ceramics were held during Materials Science & Technology 2009 Conference & Exhibition (MS&T'09), Pittsburgh, PA, October 25-29, 2009. These symposia provided an international forum for scientists, engineers, and technologists to discuss and exchange state-of-the-art ideas, information, and technology on advanced methods and approaches for processing, synthesis and characterization of ceramics, glasses, and composites. A total of 83 papers, including 20 invited talks, were presented in the form of oral and poster presentations. Authors from 19 countries (Austria, Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, U.K., and the United States) participated. The speakers represented universities, industries, and government research laboratories.Table of ContentsPreface. SINTERING. Unveiling Spark Plasma Sintering High-Throughput Processing (Robert Aalund). Effect of ß-Phase Percentage on the Sinterability of SHS Si3N4 Powder (Yong Jiang, Laner Wu, Youjun Lu, and Zhenkun Huang). MICROWAVE PROCESSING. Microwave Synthesis of Cobalt-Ferrite Nano-Particles by Polyol Method (Amal M. Ibrahim, Morsi M. Mahmoud, and M. M. Abd El-Latif). Investigation of Selective Microwave Heating by Use of Raman Spectroscopy (G. Link, M. Thumm, W. Faubel, St. Heissler, and P.G. Weidler). COMPOSITES Simulation of Manufacturing Process of Ceramic Matrix Composites (Jeffrey S. Crompton, Kyle C. Koppenhoefer, and Sergei P. Yushanov). Novel Nontraditional High Alumina Ceramic Composite (Evelyn M. DeLiso and Karl-Heinz Schofalvi). Production of Ceramic Composite Materials of Aluminum-Silicon Dioxide-Dolomite System Using SHS Process (B. B. Khina, K. B. Podbolotov, A. A. Zgurskaya, and A. T. Volochko). ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC (UHTC) COMPOSITES. Fabrication of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) Matrix Composite (Zhen Wang, Shaoming Dong, Le Gao, Xiangyu Zhang, Yusheng Ding, and Ping He). Effect of Particulate Volume Fraction on Mechanical Properties of Pressureless Sintered ZrB2-SiC Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Composites (Manab Mallik, Rahul Mitra, and Kalyan Kumar Ray). NANOMATERIALS. Exploring New Routes for the Development of Functional Nanomaterials Using Extreme Pressure (K. Lipinska, P. Kalita, O. Hemmers, S. Sinogeikin, G. Mariotto, C. Segre, and Y. Ohki). In Situ Formation of Carbon Nanostructures in High-Temperature Ceramic-Carbon Nanocomposites (Rafael Guimaräes de Sä and William Edward Lee). Effect of Nano-SiC Addition on the Properties of Si3N4 (SHS)/SiC (Nano) Composites (Yong Jiang, Laner Wu, Qingxiang Qin, and Zhengkun Huang). GLASS AND CERAMICS. Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-Sodium-Calcium-Phosphate Glasses and Glass Fibers (Ena A. Aguilar-Reyes, Carlos A. Leon-Patifio, Christian O. Ruiz-Cedefio, Showan N. Nazhat, and Robin A.L. Drew). Activation of SHS Process in Al-Si02-C System Using Metallic Powder Activating Reactants (K. B. Podbolotov). New Porosity Inducing Material for Refractory Bricks (A.Y. Badmos and S.A. Abdulkareem). Combined Supercritical Extraction and Thermal Decomposition of Binder from Green Ceramic Bodies (Brandon Abeln and Stephen J. Lombardo). Research on Firing Distortion Prediction and Correction Techniques for Ceramics Design (Kiyoshi Soejima and Kiyoshi Tomimatsu). JOINING. Joining and Integration Issues of Ceramic Matrix Composites for Nuclear Applications (M. Ferraris, M. Salvo, V. Casalegno, S. Rizzo, and A. Ventrella). MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. Mechanical Properties of Hot-Pressed B4C-SiC Composites (Xiao-Lei Shi, Fu-Min Xu, Yi Tan, and Lai Wang). Mechanical Property of Boron Carbide Ceramics Prepared by Spark Plasma Reactive Sintering (S. Zhang, C. B.Wang, G. Chen, Q. Shen, L. M. Zhang). Tensile and Compressive Properties of 2D Pitch-Based and 3D Pan-Based C/C Composites in Relation to Fiber Orientation Distribution and Microstructure (Sardar S. Iqbal and Peter Filip). FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE. Foreign Object Damage in Ceramic Matrix Composites and Monolithic Silicon Nitrides (Sung R. Choi). Static-Contact and Foreign-Object Damages in an Oxide/Oxide (N720/ALUMINA) Ceramic Matrix Composite: Comparison with AN720/Aluminosilicate (David C. Faucett, Donald J. Alexander, and Sung R. Choi). CHARACTERIZATION. Nanoscale Characterization of Polymer Precursor Derived Silicon Carbide with Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanoindentation (Arif Rahman, Suraj C. Zunjarrao, and Raman P. Singh). Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Basic Refractories with Straight Brick Specimens by Hot Wire Method (Yoshitoshi Saito, Kinji Kanematsu, and Taijiro Matsui). Preparing and Characterizing Natural Hydroxyapatite Ceramics (Han Fenglan and Wu Laner). Intermediate Temperature Oxidation: Review and Test Method Refinement (K. Sinnamon, G. Ojard, B. Flandermeyer, and R. Miller). Structural and Thermal Study of Al203 Produced by Oxidation of Al-Powders Mixed with Corn Starch (Juliana Anggono, Soejono Tjitro, Hans H. Magawe, and Gunawan Wibisono). Author Index.
£126.30
John Wiley & Sons Inc UltraHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography and
Book SynopsisExplores both the benefits and limitations of new UHPLC technology High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been widely used in analytical chemistry and biochemistry to separate, identify, and quantify compounds for decades. The science of liquid chromatography, however, was revolutionized a few years ago with the advent of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), which made it possible for researchers to analyze sample compounds with greater speed, resolution, and sensitivity. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Its Applications enables readers to maximize the performance of UHPLC as well as develop UHPLC methods tailored to their particular research needs. Readers familiar with HPLC methods will learn how to transfer these methods to a UHPLC platform and vice versa. In addition, the book explores a variety of UHPLC applications designed to support research in such fields as pharmaceuticals, food safety, clinical mediciTable of ContentsPreface vii Contributors ix 1. UHPLC Method Development 1 Shujun Chen and Alireza Kord 2. Method Transfer Between HPLC and UHPLC Platforms 31 Gregory K. Webster, Thomas F. Cullen, and Laila Kott 3. Practical Aspects of Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography 55 Naijun Wu, Christopher J. Welch, Theresa K. Natishan, Hong Gao, Tilak Chandrasekaran, and Li Zhang 4. Coupling UHPLC with MS: The Needs, Challenges, and Applications 95 Julie Schappler, Serge Rudaz, Jean-Luc Veuthey, and Davy Guillarme 5. The Potential of Shell Particles in Fast Liquid Chromatography 133 Szabolcs Fekete and Jeno Fekete 6. UHPLC Determination of Drugs of Abuse in Human Biological Matrices 169 Fabio Gosetti, Eleonora Mazzucco, and Maria Carla Gennaro 7. UHPLC in the Analyses of Isoflavones and Flavonoids 197 Sylwia Magiera and Irena Baranowska 8. UHPLC for Characterization of Protein Therapeutics 235 Jennifer C. Rea, Yajun Jennifer Wang, and Taylor Zhang 9. UHPLC/MS Analysis of Illicit Drugs 253 Guifeng Jiang, Jason R. Stenzel, Ray Chen, and Diab Elmashni 10. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry and Its Application 271 Zhili Xiong, Ying Deng, and Famei Li Index 291
£97.80
John Wiley & Sons Inc Responsive Membranes and Materials
Book SynopsisThe development of new multifunctional membranes and materials which respond to external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, light, biochemicals or magnetic or electrical signals, represents new approaches to separations, reactions, or recognitions.Table of ContentsPreface xv List of Contributors xxi 1 Oligonucleic Acids (“Aptamers”) for Designing Stimuli-Responsive Membranes 1 Veli Cengiz O¨ zalp, Mar´ýa Bele´n Serrano-Santos and Thomas Scha¨fer 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Aptamers – Structure, Function, Incorporation, and Selection 4 1.3 Characterization Techniques for Aptamer-Target Interactions 7 1.3.1 Measuring Overall Structural Changes of Aptamers Using QCM-D 8 1.3.2 Measuring Overall Structural Changes of Aptamers Using DPI 13 1.4 Aptamers – Applications 17 1.4.1 Electromechanical Gates 17 1.4.2 Stimuli-Responsive Nucleic Acid Gates in Nanoparticles 17 1.4.3 Stimuli-Responsive Aptamer Gates in Nanoparticles 20 1.4.4 Stimuli-Responsive Aptamer-Based Gating Membranes 22 1.5 Outlook 25 Acknowledgements 26 References 26 2 Emerging Membrane Nanomaterials – Towards Natural Selection of Functions 31 Mihail Barboiu 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Ion-Pair Conduction Pathways in Liquid and Hybrid Membranes 32 2.3 Dynamic Insidepore Resolution Towards Emergent Membrane Functions 36 2.4 Dynameric Membranes and Materials 39 2.4.1 Constitutional Hybrid Materials 39 2.4.2 Dynameric Membranes Displaying Tunable Properties on Constitutional Exchange 41 2.5 Conclusion 46 Acknowledgements 47 References 47 3 Carbon Nanotube Membranes as an Idealized Platform for Protein Channel Mimetic Pumps 51 Bruce Hinds 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Experimental Understanding of Mass Transport Through CNTs 56 3.2.1 Ionic Diffusion and Gatekeeper Activity 57 3.2.2 Gas and Fluid Flow 57 3.3 Electrostatic Gatekeeping and Electro-osmotic Pumping 59 3.3.1 Biological Gating 62 3.4 CNT Membrane Applications 63 3.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 66 Acknowledgements 67 References 67 4 Synthesis Aspects in the Design of Responsive Membranes 73 Scott M. Husson 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Responsive Mechanisms 74 4.3 Responsive Polymers 75 4.3.1 Temperature-Responsive Polymers 75 4.3.2 Polymers that Respond to pH, Ionic Strength, Light 76 4.4 Preparation of Responsive Membranes 77 4.5 Polymer Processing into Membranes 78 4.5.1 Solvent Casting 78 4.5.2 Phase Inversion 78 4.6 In Situ Polymerization 78 4.6.1 Radiation-Based Methods 78 4.6.2 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) 79 4.7 Surface Modification Using Stimuli-Responsive Polymers 79 4.8 “Grafting to” Methods 81 4.8.1 Physical Adsorption – Non-covalent 81 4.8.2 Chemical Grafting – Covalent 81 4.8.3 Surface Entrapment – Non-covalent, Physically Entangled 82 4.9 “Grafting from” – a.k.a. Surface-Initiated Polymerization 83 4.9.1 Photo-Initiated Polymerization 83 4.9.2 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 85 4.9.3 Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization 87 4.9.4 Other Grafting Methods 91 4.9.5 Summary of “Grafting from” Methods 91 4.10 Future Directions 91 References 92 5 Tunable Separations, Reactions, and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Functionalized Membranes 97 Scott R. Lewis, Vasile Smuleac, Li Xiao and D. Bhattacharyya 5.1 Introduction 97 5.2 Membrane Functionalization 98 5.2.1 Chemical Modification 98 5.2.2 Surface Initiated Membrane Modification 101 5.2.3 Cross-Linked Hydrogel (Pore Filled) Membranes 102 5.2.4 Layer by Layer Assemblies 103 5.3 Applications 104 5.3.1 Water Flux Tunability 104 5.3.2 Tunable Separation of Salts 109 5.3.3 Charged-Polymer Multilayer Assemblies for Environmental Applications 113 5.4 Responsive Membranes and Materials for Catalysis and Reactions 115 5.4.1 Iron-Functionalized Responsive Membranes 116 5.4.2 Responsive Membranes for Enzymatic Catalysis 127 Acknowledgements 132 References 132 6 Responsive Membranes for Water Treatment 143 Qian Yang and S. R. Wickramasinghe 6.1 Introduction 143 6.2 Fabrication of Responsive Membranes 144 6.2.1 Functionalization by Incubation in Liquids 145 6.2.2 Functionalization by Incorporation of Responsive Groups in the Base Membrane 145 6.2.3 Surface Modification of Existing Membranes 148 6.3 Outlook 158 References 159 7 Functionalization of Polymeric Membranes and Feed Spacers for Fouling Control in Drinking Water Treatment Applications 163 Colleen Gorey, Richard Hausman and Isabel C. Escobar 7.1 Membrane Filtration 163 7.2 Fouling 165 7.3 Improving Membrane Performance 168 7.3.1 Plasma Treatment 168 7.3.2 Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation 170 7.3.3 Membrane Modification by Graft Polymerization 171 7.3.4 Ion Beam Irradiation 176 7.4 Design and Surface Modifications of Feed Spacers for Biofouling Control 178 7.5 Conclusion 180 Acknowledgements 181 References 181 8 Pore-Filled Membranes as Responsive Release Devices 187 Kang Hu and James Dickson 8.1 Introduction 187 8.2 Responsive Pore-Filled Membranes 188 8.3 Development and Characterization of PVDF-PAA Pore-Filled pH-Sensitive Membranes 190 8.3.1 Membrane Gel Incorporation (Mass Gain) 191 8.3.2 Membrane pH Reversibility 191 8.3.3 Membrane Water Flux as pH Varied from 2 to 7.5 191 8.3.4 Effects of Gel Incorporation on Membrane Pure Water Permeabilities at pH Neutral and Acidic 195 8.3.5 Estimation and Calculation of Pore Size 198 8.4 pH-Sensitive Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)-Poly(Acrylic Acid) Pore-Filled Membranes for Controlled Drug Release in Ruminant Animals 201 8.4.1 Determination of Membrane Diffusion Permeability (PS) for Salicylic Acid 202 8.4.2 Applicability of the Fabricated Pore-Filled Membranes on the Salicylic Acid Release and Retention 205 References 207 9 Magnetic Nanocomposites for Remote Controlled Responsive Therapy and in Vivo Tracking 211 Ashley M. Hawkins, David A. Puleo and J. Zach Hilt 9.1 Introduction 211 9.1.1 Nanocomposite Polymers 211 9.1.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles 212 9.2 Applications of Magnetic Nanocomposite Polymers 212 9.2.1 Thermal Actuation 213 9.2.2 Thermal Therapy 218 9.2.3 Mechanical Actuation 220 9.2.4 In Vivo Tracking and Applications 224 9.3 Concluding Remarks 224 References 224 10 The Interactions between Salt Ions and Thermo-Responsive Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) from Molecular Dynamics Simulations 229 Hongbo Du and Xianghong Qian 10.1 Introduction 229 10.2 Computational Details 230 10.3 Results and Discussion 232 10.4 Conclusion 238 Acknowledgements 240 References 240 11 Biologically-Inspired Responsive Materials: Integrating Biological Function into Synthetic Materials 243 Kendrick Turner, Santosh Khatwani and Sylvia Daunert 11.1 Introduction 243 11.2 Biomimetics in Biotechnology 245 11.3 Hinge-Motion Binding Proteins 249 11.4 Calmodulin 250 11.5 Biologically-Inspired Responsive Membranes 251 11.6 Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels 253 11.7 Micro/Nanofabrication of Hydrogels 255 11.8 Mechanical Characterization of Hydrogels 256 11.9 Creep Properties of Hydrogels 257 11.10 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 258 Acknowledgements 258 References 258 12 Responsive Colloids with Controlled Topology 269 Jeffrey C. Gaulding, Emily S. Herman and L. Andrew Lyon 12.1 Introduction 269 12.2 Inert Core/Responsive Shell Particles 270 12.3 Responsive Core/Responsive Shell Particles 275 12.4 Hollow Particles 281 12.5 Janus Particles 286 12.6 Summary 292 References 293 13 Novel Biomimetic Polymer Gels Exhibiting Self-Oscillation 301 Ryo Yoshida 13.1 Introduction 301 13.2 The Design Concept of Self-Oscillating Gel 303 13.3 Aspects of the Autonomous Swelling–Deswelling Oscillation 303 13.4 Design of Biomimetic Actuator Using Self-Oscillating Polymer and Gel 306 13.4.1 Ciliary Motion Actuator (Artificial Cilia) 306 13.4.2 Self-Walking Gel 307 13.4.3 Theoretical Simulation of the Self-Oscillating Gel 307 13.5 Mass Transport Surface Utilizing Peristaltic Motion of Gel 308 13.6 Self-Oscillating Polymer Chains and Microgels as “Nanooscillators” 309 13.6.1 Solubility Oscillation of Polymer Chains 309 13.6.2 Self-Flocculating/Dispersing Oscillation of Microgels 310 13.6.3 Viscosity Oscillation of Polymer Solution and Microgel Dispersion 311 13.6.4 Attempts of Self-Oscillation under Acid- and Oxidant-Free Physiological Conditions 311 13.7 Conclusion 312 References 312 14 Electroactive Polymer Soft Material Based on Dielectric Elastomer 315 Liwu Liu, Zhen Zhang, Yanju Liu and Jinsong Leng 14.1 Introduction to Electroactive Polymers 315 14.1.1 Development History 316 14.1.2 Classification 316 14.1.3 Electronic Electroactive Polymers 316 14.1.4 Ionic Electroactive Polymers 318 14.1.5 Electroactive Polymer Applications 318 14.1.6 Application of Dielectric Elastomers 318 14.1.7 Manufacturing the Main Structure of Actuators Using EAP Materials 327 14.1.8 The Current Problem for EAP Materials and their Prospects 329 14.2 Materials of Dielectric Elastomers 330 14.2.1 The Working Principle of Dielectric Elastomers 330 14.2.2 Material Modification of Dielectric Elastomer 331 14.2.3 Dielectric Elastomer Composite 334 14.3 The Theory of Dielectric Elastomers 336 14.3.1 Free Energy of Dielectric Elastomer Electromechanical Coupling System 336 14.3.2 Special Elastic Energy 339 14.3.3 Special Electric Field Energy 341 14.3.4 Incompressible Dielectric Elastomer 342 14.3.5 Model of Several Dielectric Elastomers 342 14.4 Failure Model of a Dielectric Elastomer 356 14.4.1 Electrical Breakdown 357 14.4.2 Electromechanical Instability and Snap-Through Instability 357 14.4.3 Loss of Tension 358 14.4.4 Rupture by Stretching 359 14.4.5 Zero Electric Field Condition 359 14.4.6 Super-Electrostriction Deformation of a Dielectric Elastomer 359 14.5 Converter Theory of Dielectric Elastomer 361 14.5.1 Principle for Conversion Cycle 361 14.5.2 Plane Actuator 362 14.5.3 Spring-Roll Dielectric Elastomer Actuator 364 14.5.4 Tube-Type Actuator 365 14.5.5 Film-Spring System 369 14.5.6 Energy Harvester 372 14.5.7 The Non-Linear Vibration of a Dielectric Elastomer Ball 376 14.5.8 Folded Actuator 377 References 379 15 Responsive Membranes/Material-Based Separations: Research and Development Needs 385 Rosemarie D. Wesson, Elizabeth S. Dow and Sonya R. Williams 15.1 Introduction 385 15.2 Water Treatment 386 15.3 Biological Applications 387 15.4 Gas Separation and Additional Applications 388 References 389 Index 395
£117.75
John Wiley & Sons Inc LCMS Applications in Drug Development Wiley
Book SynopsisIn the arena of new drug development, the rate of sample generation far exceeds the rate of sample analysis. LC/MS is an analytical tool that helps the researcher select the most promising sample for scrutiny, accelerating the discovery of new drugs. This book is the first to describe in detail the procedures and benefits of LC/MS applications.Trade Review"…a comprehensive primer and will appeal to laboratory scientists and instructors in the pharmaceutical field…" (Analytical Chemistry, November 2002) "...describes...applications in each phase of drug development...provides perspective on changes in strategies for pharmaceutical analysis..." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002) "...useful not only for students and scholars of analytical chemistry, but also for managers and other scientists...another fine addition to the Wiley-InterScience Series on Mass Spectrometry, it should be in the collections of all research libraries." (The Chemist, Summer 2003)Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xi 1. Introduction 1 Emerging Analytical Needs 1 Integration of LC/MS into Drug Development 3 Partnerships and Acceptance 6 Overview 10 2. Drug Development Overview 11 Analysis Perspectives 11 The Four Stages of Drug Development 12 Drug Discovery 14 Preclinical Development 15 Clinical Development 16 Manufacturing 17 3. Accelerated Drug Development 19 Accelerated Development Strategies 20 Quantitative and Qualitative Process Elements 20 Quantitative Process Pipeline 24 Qualitative Process Pipeline 25 Motivating Factors 27 Analysis Opportunities for Accelerated Development 28 Full-Time Equivalent 28 Sample Throughput Model 29 Elimination Model 29 Rate-Determining Event Model 31 Accelerated Development Perspectives 33 4. LC/MS Development 34 The Elements of LC/MS Application 34 HPLC 35 Mass Spectrometry 35 LC/MS Interface 36 LC/MS Growth 38 5. Strategies 41 Standard Methods 43 Template Structure Identification 46 Databases 49 Screening 50 Integration 53 Miniaturization 55 Parallel Processing 56 Visualization 58 Automation 61 Summary 63 6. LC/MS Applications 65 Drug Discovery 65 Proteomics 68 Protein Expression Profiling 70 Quantitation 76 Glycoprotein Mapping 78 Natural Products Dereplication 83 Lead Identification Screening 88 Bioaffinity Screening 89 Combinatorial Library Screening 92 Open-Access LC/MS 96 Structure Confirmation 97 High Throughput 100 Purification 102 Combinatorial Mixture Screening 103 In Vivo Drug Screening 106 Pharmacokinetics 109 In Vitro Drug Screening 115 Metabolic Stability Screening 118 Membrane Permeability 119 Drug-Drug Interaction 121 Metabolite Identification 122 Preclinical Development 123 Metabolite Identification 125 Impurity Identification 132 Degradant Identification 140 Clinical Development 145 Quantitative Bioanalysis—Selected Ion Monitoring 148 Quantitative Bioanalysis—Selected Reaction Monitoring 152 Quantitative Bioanalysis—Automated Solid-Phase Extraction 156 Quantitative Bioanalysis—Automated On-Line Extraction 162 Metabolite Identification 165 Degradant Identification 168 Manufacturing 171 Impurity Identification Using Data-Dependent Analysis 173 Peptide Mapping in Quality Control 176 Patent Protection 178 7. Future Applications and Prospects 183 Workstations 183 Multidimensional Analysis 186 Miniaturization 187 Information Management 189 Strategic Outsourcing 190 Summary 191 8. Perspectives on the Future Growth of LC/MS 192 9. Conclusions 195 Glossary 197 References 205 Index 235
£146.25
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chemistry and Applications of Polyphosphazenes
Book SynopsisPolyphosphazenes are polymers containing nitrogen as part of their backbone; they are commonly used in O-rings, pipelines, and seals in oil, fuel delivery, and storage systems. This work deals with the chemistry and applications of Polyphosphazenes.Trade Review"This excellent book makes a very important contribution...essential to anyone working in this or related fields...very highly recommended." (Polymer News) "...an excellent and much needed monograph on a fascinating subject...I recommend it wholeheartedly." (Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 42, 2003) "...unquestionably the complete, definitive, and up-to-date treatise on the subject. Moreover, the concise and consistent style of the prose and the superb organization of the work make it extremely readable..." (Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 125, No. 31) "...an excellent reference for readers in various areas..." (Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 20, No. 9, September 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. PART I: INTRODUCTION TO POLYPHOSPHAZENES. 1. Concepts, Nomenclature, and Background. 2. Overview of Polyphosphazene Synthesis and Characterization Methods. 3. The Model Compound Concept. PART 2: SYNTHESIS. 4. Synthesis of Polymerization Monomers. 5. Ring-Opening Polymerization. 6. Condensation Polymerization to Linear Polyphosphazenes. 7. Primary Macromolecular Substitution. 8. Secondary Reactions Carried Out on Polyphosphazene Side Groups. 9. Crosslinking Reactions. 10. Ring-Linked Phosphazene Polymers. 11. Hybrid Systems. PART 3: STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES, AND USES. 12. General Structure and Property Relationships in Polyphosphazenes. 13. Classical Polyphosphazenes. 14. Properties of Newer Emerging Systems. 15. Polyphosphazenes as Biomedical Materials. 16. Membranes. 17. Polyphosphazenes as Solid Polymer Electrolytes. 18. Optical and Electro-Optical Polymers. 19. Elastomers and Other Applications. APPENDICES. Appendix I. Reprint of H. N. Stokes Paper of 1897. Appendix II. Reagents Used in Polyphosphazene Primary Macromolecular Substitution. Index.
£440.75
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Impact of Stereochemistry on Drug Development
Book SynopsisProvides an authoritative source of practical information on stereochemistry and its impact on drug development. Unlike other books which focus on synthesis, this work explores analytical, pharmacological, and regulatory topics in dealing with the theory and practice of stereochemistry in the pharmaceutical industry today. It specifically addresses how the body metabolizes chiral molecules; the varying effects of different chiral molecules; and provides detailed evaluations of current seperation techniques. Includes regulatory information.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Chirality and Drug Hazards (H. Aboul-Enein & L. Basha). Stereochemical Aspects of Drug Metabolism (J. Mason & A. Hutt). Some Examples for Stereoselective Biotransformation of Drugs (G. Blaschke). Chiral Barbiturates: Synthesis, Chromatographic Resolutions, and Biological Activity (J. Bojarski). Stereogenic Elements of Pharmaceutical Compounds: Some Aspects on Isomerism, Resolution, and Stereochemical Integrity (S. Allenmark). The Importance of Chiral Separations in Pharmaceuticals (S. Ahuja). Micelle-Mediated Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of Enantiomeric Compounds (M. Swartz & P. Brown). Chiral Derivatization Reagents in the Bioanalysis of Optically Active Drugs with Chromophore-Based Detection (R. Büschges, et al.). Circular Dichroism in the Study of Stereoselective Binding of Drugs to Serum Proteins (C. Bertucci, et al.).
£208.95
Schiffer Publishing Ltd The Bakelite Collection
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Schiffer Publishing Ltd Collectors Guide to Vintage Coin Machines
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