Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering Books

Book Synopsis Richard Turton, P.E., has taught the design and design-related courses at West Virginia University for the past 32 years. Prior to this, he spent five years in the design and construction industry. His main interests are design education and process systems modeling.   Joseph A. Shaeiwitz taught design and design-related classes at West Virginia University for more than 25 years. He now teaches design at Auburn University. His interests include design education and outcomes assessment.   Debangsu Bhattacharyya has more than ten years' experience in a large petroleum refinery. While in the refinery, he worked in process operations, plant start-up, large-scale process simulation, and process control. His main research interests are in process modeling, dynamic simulation, state estimation, seTable of Contents Section I: Conceptualization and Analysis of Chemical Processes 1. Diagrams for Understanding Chemical Processes 2. The Structure and Synthesis of Process Flow Diagrams 3. Batch Processing 4. Chemical Product Design 5. Tracing Chemicals through the Process Flow Diagram 6. Understanding Process Conditions Section II: Engineering Economic Analysis of Chemical Processes 8. Estimation of Manufacturing Costs 9. Engineering Economic Analysis 10. Profitability Analysis Section III: Synthesis and Optimization of Chemical Processes 11. Utilizing Experience-Based Principles to Confirm the Suitability of a Process Design 12. Synthesis of the PFD from the Generic BFD 13. Synthesis of a Process Using a Simulator and Simulator Troubleshooting 14. Process Optimization 15. Pinch Technology 16. Advanced Topics Using Steady-State Simulators 17. Using Dynamic Simulators in Process Design 18. Regulation and Control of Chemical Processes with Applications Using Commercial Software Section IV: Process Equipment Design and Performance 19. Fluid Mechanics 20. Heat Transfer 21. Separations 22. Reactors 23. Other Equipment 24. Process Troubleshooting and Debottlenecking Section V: The Impact of Chemical Engineering Design on Society 25. Ethics and Professionalism 26. Health, Safety, and the Environment 27. Green Engineering Section VI. Interpersonal and Communication Skills 28. Teamwork Appendix A. Cost Equations and Curves for the CAPCOST Program

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the background needed to understand not only the wide field of polymer processing, but also the emerging technologies associated with the plastics industry in the 21st Century. It combines practical engineering concepts with modeling of realistic polymer processes. Divided into three sections, it provides the reader with a solid knowledge base in polymer materials, polymer processing, and modeling.Understanding Polymer Processing is intended for the person who is entering the plastics manufacturing industry and as a textbook for students taking an introductory course in polymer processing. It also serves as a guide to the practicing engineer when choosing a process, determining important parameters and factors during the early stages of process design, and when optimizing such a process. Practical examples illustrating basic concepts are presented throughout the book.New in the second edition is a chapter on additive manufacturing, together with associated examples, as well as improvements and corrections throughout the book.With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.Table of Contents Part I - Polymeric Materials This section gives a general introduction tpolymers, including mechanical behavior of polymers and melt rheology Part II Polymer Processing The major polymer processes are introduced in this section, including extrusion, mixing, injection molding, thermoforming, blow molding, film blowing, and many others. Part III Modeling This last section delivers the tools tallow the engineer tsolve back-of-the-envelope polymer processing models It includes dimensional analysis and scaling, transport phenomena in polymer processing, and modeling polymer processes.

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Book SynopsisAuthors Don Burdick and Bill Leffler have completely rewritten this time-honored bestseller, now the definitive book for understanding the mysteries of the petrochemical industry.With chapters on all the base chemicals and derivatives, plus seven new ones covering the Fischer-Tropsch process, polyurethane, epoxy resins and more, this is broadest available look inside the industry.Still offering readers easy-to-understand diagrams, charts and tables, plus digestible chapter reviews - this classic delivers the information that every person in the industry needs.Table of Contents What you need to know about organic chemistry Processes and equipment Benzene Toluene and xylene Olefin plants, ethylene, and propylene Cyclohexane The C4 hydrocarbon family Cumene and phenol Ethylbenzene and styrene Ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride and epichlorohydrin Ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol Propylene oxide and propylene glycol Ethanolamines and polyols Methanol and synthesis gas Fischer-Tropsche process Lots of other alcohols MTBE Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde Ketones Acids Maleic Acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, and acrylates Aniline and phosgene Bisphenol A Alpha olefins Making polymers Thermoplastics MDI and TDI Polyurethane Epoxy resins and polycarbonates Fibers and other resins

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Book SynopsisThis valuable handbook details the various monolithic refractories currently in use, and pays particular attention to their chemical and physical behaviors during manufacturing, installation, and the duty cycle. It addresses, from the practitioner's point of view, the critical aspects of reactions involved with the refractory body as it approaches the used temperature with the processing environment. To ensure optimum performance, it describes the application, installation, and design of refractory components. The handbook includes suitable tables and figures, and provides an historical perspective on the evolution of the refractory industry. Practicing ceramic engineers, scientists, raw material suppliers, and research and development personnel in the refractory manufacturing industry will find this book invaluable. Also suitable as a reference for courses in ceramic engineering specializing in refractories.Table of ContentsRaw Materials. Castable Refractories. Pumpable Castables. Plastic Refractories. Ramming Mixes. Gunning Mixes. Mortars. Coatings. Dry Vibratables. Wear Mechanisms. Manufacturing. Application Designs. Evaluation and Tests. Lining. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe latest methods for troubleshooting and maintaining process equipmentThis extensively revised and updated practical resource fully explains how to diagnose, troubleshoot, and correct problems across a broad range of industriesâall without complex equations and without ever losing sight of the importance of direct field measurements and observations. This fifth edition features new and expanded coverage of: Causes and Effects of Wet Steam on Turbines and Strippers Distillation Design Errors and Inspecting Tower Internals Setting Pressure Relief Valves on Vessels and Heat Exchangers Reduction of Flare Losses Safer Procedures for Sampling Hazardous Material Taking Field Measurements Safely and Effectively Filled with real-world examples and illustrations, A Working Guide to Process Equipment, Fifth Edition clearly demonstrates how theory applies to solving real-world plant operation prob

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Book SynopsisVaccine Production and Manufacturing is a valuable reference on how to produce a vaccine, from beginning to end. It addresses all classes of vaccines from a processing, production, and regulatory viewpoint. It covers everything from fermentation, purification, and formulation to regulatory filing and facility design.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Preface ix Contributors xi 1 History of Vaccine Process Development 1Narahari S. Pujar, Sangeetha L. Sagar, and Ann L. Lee 2 The Production of Plasmid DNA Vaccine in Escherichia coli: A Novel Bacterial-Based Vaccine Production Platform 25Michel Chartrain 3 Fungal Expression Systems for Vaccine Production 51Karl Melber, Volker Jenzelewski, Roland Weyhenmeyer, and Zbigniew Janowicz 4 Novel Expression Systems for Vaccine Production 81Shailaja Rabindran and Vidadi Yusibov 5 Viral Vaccines Purification 97Bernd Kalbfuss-Zimmermann and Udo Reichl 6 Protein Subunit Vaccine Purification 181Yan-ping Yang and Tony D’Amore 7 Conjugate Vaccine Production Technology 217Sudha Chennasamudram and Willie F. Vann 8 Stabilization and Formulation of Vaccines 237Timothy S. Priddy and C. Russell Middaugh 9 Lyophilization in Vaccine Processes 263Alexis Wasserman, Ranjit Sarpal, and Bret R. Phillips 10 Strategies for Heat-Stable Vaccines 287Satoshi Ohtake, David Lechuga-Ballesteros, Vu Truong-Le, and Eric J. Patzer 11 Production and Characterization of Aluminum-Containing Adjuvants 319Stanley L. Hem and Cliff T. Johnston 12 The Biologics License Application (BLA) in Common Technical Document (CTD) Format 347R.S. Robin Robinett 13 The Original New Drug Application (Investigational New Drug) 373R.S. Robin Robinett 14 Facility Design for Vaccine Manufacturing—Regulatory, Business, and Technical Considerations and A Risk-Based Design Approach 393Anand Ekambaram and Abraham Shamir 15 Vaccine Production Economics 413Andrew Sinclair and Peter Latham Index 437

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisEquips students with the concepts and tools needed to model, design, and build efficient, clean low-carbon energy conversion systems with this advanced undergraduate and graduate-level textbook. Features real-world examples, homework problems, and online instructor resources including lecture slides, solutions, and sample projects.Trade Review'An outstanding textbook and reference, spanning fundamentals to real-world devices. This book will guide the next generation of engineers who are realizing the low-carbon energy transition.' Timothy Lieuwen, Georgia Institute of Technology'A comprehensive toolkit for understanding, evaluating, and comparing conventional and evolving new energy systems in terms of their engineering performance and environmental impacts and benefits. It is a must-read for students and researchers interested in designing and modeling energy technologies to meet today's low-carbon-emitting and other sustainability objectives.' Jefferson Tester, Cornell University'Professor Ghoniem draws from decades of research expertise and teaching experience at MIT in the field of energy conversion. This timely textbook covers both the fundamentals of thermodynamics and real-world applications of cutting-edge clean energy systems to equip the next generation of students to design, analyze, and optimize low-carbon and zero-carbon energy systems for a sustainable future.' Katherine Hornbostel, University of Pittsburgh'This book provides a holistic view of energy conversion systems by discussing conventional concepts as well as emerging technologies, all of which are connected by fundamental energy conversion principles. I truly believe that readers can envision a bright pathway toward sustainable power generation with low environmental impact.' Jongsup Hong, Yonsei University'An excellent, up-to-date, and comprehensive textbook and reference in energy conversion. It provides a practical and fresh perspective on the subject, which is nicely complemented with chapters addressing clean energy conversion and strategies to control CO2 emissions. This book is a must-have reference for anyone interested in the subject of energy conversion.' Tarek Echekki, North Carolina State University'This book is systematically developed, very well organized, and well written. The coverage in all 14 chapters is comprehensive, with example problems and additional problems at the end of each chapter. It is a timely book as we seek innovative solutions for clean energy production at higher efficiency, with due considerations given to environmental pollution, including CO2. I enthusiastically endorse this book.' Ashwani K. Gupta, University of MarylandTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Low carbon energy: Why?; 2. Thermodynamics; 3. Chemical thermodynamics; 4. Electrochemical thermodynamics; 5. Gas turbine cycles; 6. Rankine cycles; 7. Fuel cells at finite current; 8. Combined, oxy-combustion and hybrid cycles; 9. Solar thermal, geothermal and integration; 10. Gas separation; 11. Carbon capture cycles: natural gas; 12. Coal power cycles, gasification and synfuels; 13. Carbon capture cycles: coal; 14. Biomass; Index.

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Book SynopsisMost systems involved in a chemical process plant are interactive multivariable systems, to control which, the transfer function matrix model is required. This lucid book considers the identification and control of such systems. It discusses open loop and closed loop identification methods, as well as the design of multivariable controllers based on steady state gain matrix. Simple methods for designing controllers based on transfer function matrix model have been reviewed. The design of controllers for non-square systems, and closed loop identification of multivariable unstable systems by the optimization method are also covered. Several simulation examples and exercise problems at the end of each chapter further help the reader consolidate the knowledge gained. This book will be useful to any engineering student, researcher or practitioner who works with interactive, multivariable control systems.Table of Contents1. Models, Control Theory, and Examples; 2. Identification and Control of SISO Systems; 3. Introduction to Linear Multivariable Systems; 4. CRC Method for Identifying TITO Systems; 5. CRC Method for Identifying SISO Systems by CSOPTD Models; 6. CRC Method for Identifying TITO Systems by CSOPTD Models; 7. Identification of Stable MIMO System by Optimization Method; 8. Identification of Centralized Controlled Multivariable Systems; 9. Identification of Multivariable SOPTD Models by Optimization Method; 10. Identification of Unstable TITO Systems by Optimization Techniqus; 11. Centralized PI Controllers Based on Steady State Gain Matrix; 12. SSGM Identification and Control of Unstable Multivariable Systems; 13. Control of Stable Non-square MIMO Systems; 14. Control of Unstable Non-square Systems; 15. Trends in Control of Multivariable Systems.

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Book SynopsisDue to the limitation of the electrical OFDM signal and electrical Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), all-optical OFDMs have recently received much attention. Accordingly, this research study was conducted to investigate the effect of phase noise in the performance of an all-optical OFDM transmission system with 4-point FFT single mode fiber (SMF) links by considering the effects of fiber length, input laser power and a number of channels. In all optical systems, the transmitter side consists of a comb power generator, wavelength selected switch and an optical QAM generator. A comb power generator generates channels with a frequency separation of ∆f=25 GHz. Subsequently, a Wavelength Selected Switch (WSS) was used to split subcarriers and then the subcarriers were modulated individually with Optical QAM modulators. As the results show, a higher number of channels led more phase noise in terms of XPM and FWM nonlinearities, and signal power was the main factor in nonlinear fiber optics. As a consequence, there is more phase noise distortion at a higher signal power for a higher number of channels rather than the lower number of channels.

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Book SynopsisThis book concerns advanced materials for electrochemical technologies. Firstly, the focus concerns fuel cell devices in which state of the art materials for anodes in both fuel cells and biological fuel cells were carefully discussed. After that, novel sensors and biosensors were deeply described. Finally, the wastewater treatment using advanced oxidation processes was pointed out, taking into account anodes and/or cathodes evidencing materials and processes. Briefly, energy, bio-applications and environmental approaches were discussed using electrochemistry as the main tool.

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Book SynopsisChemical engineering deals with the application of physical science (in particular chemistry and physics) and mathematics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. As well as producing useful materials, chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques; an important form of research and development with direct applications in pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, artificial kidneys, oil refineries, solar panels, clean water, and biocompatible polymers! This book presents important research in this explosive field.

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Book SynopsisNon-ionic surfactants are chemically potent molecular species that are becoming increasingly important as an excipient component used in the formulation and delivery of drugs and vaccines. These chemicals do not have charge in their predominant working range of pH, yet interact strongly with high energy structures such as interfacial regions, phase boundaries and surfaces and can cause dramatic changes in crucial properties of molecular mixtures including solubility, dispersion uniformity, viscosity, miscibility, phase and transport. Non-ionic surfactants are used extensively in the chemical industry in such areas as detergents, health and personal care, coatings and polymers. Furthermore, non-ionic surfactants, or surface active wetting agents, reduce the surface tension of water, allowing the water molecules to spread out. When applied to water-repellent soils in high concentrations, surfactants can improve the ability of the water to penetrate the soil surface and thus increase the infiltration rate. This new book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this field.

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Book SynopsisEnergetic materials including propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics are chemical compounds or mixtures that store significant quantities of energy. Nano energetic materials (nEMs) have the potentials of improved performance in terms of energy release, ignition, and mechanical properties compared to their bulk counterpart or microcounterpart. In this book, by comparing with traditional energetic materials, advantages of nEMs are first shown and explained. The characterisation, modelling, and application of nEMs are also introduced, and the different approaches to the synthesis of nEMs are presented in detail. In addition, Remote Explosive Scent Tracing (REST) is a strategy adopted to detect landmines and/or unexploded ordinances (UXOs) by taking samples of air/dust/soil from suspected areas and presenting to animal detectors (dogs and rats) in remote laboratories. A critical review of the methods that have been used so far to extract explosive compounds from soil samples are presented. The methods are broadly classified into laboratory extractions and on-site analysis extractions. Moreover, this book focuses on the use of oxide semiconductors system combining organic dyes for the direct photo-splitting water for hydrogen generation. The topics covered include three main approaches in addressing the problems of efficiency, durability, and cost of water photolysis. The challenges facing in realising highly efficient and durable photolytic system are also presented and possible solutions have been explicited. Other chapters review the use of dinitrogen pentoxide as an environmentally-friendly nitrating agents and brings the coverage of this topic up to date. Laser initiation of energetic materials is also explored, as well as the production, handling and use of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), one of the most heavily produced chemical compounds in the 20th century.

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Book SynopsisThe term ''molecular recognition'' refers to the specific interaction between two or more molecules through noncovalent bonding. This book presents research in the study of molecular recognition, including next generation molecular imprinted polymers; applications of molecular imprinting; recent advances in DNA-Ligand molecular recognition and allosteric interactions; the proteomic code and the molecular recognition of odorant-binding proteins in insect olfaction.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents topical research in the study of the characteristics, compounds and applications of cobalt. Topics discussed include the preparative chemistry of cobalt silica gel catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; cobalt-based catalysts used in the solvolysis of ammonia borane; methods of production and magnetic properties of cobalt-based metallic glasses; cobalt-filled nanotubes and the role of cobalt in carbon nanotube synthesis.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the characteristics, properties and uses of transition metals. Topics discussed include the non-linear optical properties of transition metal nanoparticles synthesised by ion implantation; the structural and magnetic characterisation of Cu-Picolinate and Cu-Quinaldinate molecular systems; application of transition metals as active compounds in separation techniques; the reactivity of unstable chemicals in the presence of transition metals and the bioinorganic and redox reactions in biological systems of transition metals.

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Book SynopsisBlack powder, the world’s first chemical explosive, was originally developed in the seventh century, during China’s Tang dynasty. It was a crude mixture at first, but over time chemists discovered the optimum proportion of sulfur, charcoal, and nitrates, as well as the best way to mix them so that the particles of each component were tiny and homogenous, resulting in a complete and powerful reaction. Author and chemistry buff Simon Quellen Field takes readers on a decades-long journey through the history of things that go boom, from the early days of black powder to today’s modern plastic explosives. Not just the who, when, and why, but also the how. How did Chinese alchemists come to create black powder? What accidents led to the discovery of high explosives? How do explosives actually work on a molecular scale? And though most people have a vague understanding that dynamite is more powerful than gunpowder, what does it mean to be more powerful? Boom! The Chemistry and History of Explosives goes back to the original papers and patents written by the chemists who invented them, to shed light on their development, to explore the consequences of their use for good and ill, and to give the reader a basic understanding of the chemistry that makes them possible.

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Book SynopsisAs chemistry becomes more and more amenable to mathematically rigorous study, it is likely that chemistry will also become an alert and demanding consumer of new mathematical results. From theoretical chemistry and quantum chemistry, to applied fields such as molecular modelling, drug design, molecular engineering, and the development of supra molecular structures, mathematical chemistry is an important discipline providing both explanations and predictions. This book has an important role in advancing chemistry to an era of detailed understanding of molecules and reactions.

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Book SynopsisChemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science, and life sciences with mathematics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. In addition to producing useful materials, modern chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques - such as nanotechnology, fuel cells and biomedical engineering. This book reviews research related to chemical industry, chemical engineering and other connected areas.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the environmental sources, geochemistry and human effects of trace elements. Topics discussed include an assessment of cancer and non-cancer health risk caused by trace element content in Belgrade; flow opto-sensing applied to the analysis of trace elements; trace metals in fruits and vegetables and their effect on human health; excessive livestock mineral supplementation on environmental pollution; assessing the geochemistry of trace elements in canal sediments; and trace element deficiencies in crops.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the properties, health effects and environmental issues relating to phosphorus. Topics discussed in this compilation include aminophosphonate synthesis and applications; the effect of phosphorus doping on the electrical properties of diamond and carbon nanotubes; limiting nutrient and eutrophication in aquatic systems and the nitrogen/phosphorus dilemma; the environmental response of sedimentary phosphorus of shallow lakes and the anthropogenic impact; and the phosphorus complex of porphyrin.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present topical research from across the globe in the study of the chemical properties, uses and environmental effects of vanadium. Topics discussed include vanadium in biology and its contributions on the environmental cycles of chemical elements; ferritic stainless steel protected vanadium alloy as cladding material for fast reactors; vanadium oxides for solar control applications; global scientific production of vanadium research; and soft solution processing of nanoscaled lithium vanadium oxides as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.

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Book SynopsisThe discovery of fullerenes, a new allotropic modification of carbon, is a prominent achievement of the late 20th century in chemistry. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the synthesis, properties and applications of fullerene. Topics discussed include phase equilibria in the fullerene-containing system; ionic compounds of fullerenes obtained by synthesis in solution; symmetrical features of fullerene structures in the fundamental domains theory of point symmetry groups; the biomedical application of fullerene; metal complex catalysts in the chemistry of fullerenes; functionalised nanofullerenes for hydrogen storage; self-assembly properties of fullerenes and the radiation induced phenomena in fullerenes.

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Book SynopsisAs chemistry becomes more and more amenable to mathematically rigorous study, it is likely that chemistry will also become an alert and demanding consumer of new mathematical results. From theoretical chemistry and quantum chemistry to applied fields such as molecular modelling, drug design, molecular engineering, and the development of supramolecular structures, mathematical chemistry is an important discipline providing both explanations and predictions. This book reviews research on chemoinformatics and chemical engineering that has an important role in advancing chemistry to an era of detailed understanding of molecules and reactions.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors gather and present current research from across the globe in the study of the properties, technological applications and health issues relating to indium. Topics discussed include the properties of indium, gallium and Ga-In alloys in confined geometry; indium as a co-catalyst in Novel Cu or Ni catalysts for reduction of biomass derived fatty acids to alcohols; reliability of indium tin oxide thin films; indium reagents for chemical transformations; indium atoms using electron and optical spectroscopy; indium sulphide-manganese ore; rare earth ions doping on the photoluminescent properties of indium hydroxide; and hydrothermal synthesis of indium tin oxide nanoparticles without chlorine contamination.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of the compounds, production and applications of platinum. Topics discussed include the structural aspects of platinum coordination complexes; the problems of geochemical antagonism between REE and PGE in mafic and ultramafic rocks and their petrogenetic significance; the synthesis of platinum complexes of cyclic phosphines and bisphosphines; platinum films YSZ with different types of grain boundaries; platinum nanoparticles and inflammation; and platinum-halide square-prism compounds and their optical features.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present topical research in the study of aldehydes. Topics discussed in this compilation include the synthesis and properties of intermediates in reactions of aldehydes with P(III) chlorides; synthesis of heterocyclic compounds by interaction of aldehydes with monoterpenoids; update on aliphatic aldehydes in lipid foods; inhibition of microbial biocatalysts by biomass-derived aldehydes and methods for engineering tolerance; co-oxidation processes promoted by N-hydroxyphthalimide/aldehyde systems; and the structure of gossypol condensation bis-product with 2-amino-4,6-dioxypyrimidine in acidic environment.

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Book SynopsisLithium is a chemical element with unique properties. Its applications in today''s world are countless, from psychiatry to cell phones, and we are still far from exploiting all the exotic signatures of this amazing metal. Even so, the reader will find here a good sample of what is being investigated at present in the field of lithium chemistry and future applications in the new energy supply concepts. From carbon sequestration to fusion energy research, from lithium mining to your cell phone battery, this book will guide you through the fascinating world of the lightest solid element in earth.

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Book SynopsisHelium is the second most abundant element in the solar system after the hydrogen atom and also the simplest of all atoms. In this book the authors present topical research in the study of the occurrence, applications and biological effects of helium. Topics discussed include the discontinuous yielding, stress drops and strength of metals in liquid helium; the use of helium with oxygen at pressure as a breathing gas mixture; the physics and chemistry of helium clusters and droplets; the interaction of helium atoms and ions with matter; postseismic leakage of mantle and crustal helium from seismically active regions; weak superfluidity of the nonstationary Josephson effect in He-4 and possible applications; and clean energy from Helium-3 fuelled muon-catalysed aneutronic fusion.

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Book SynopsisIn this handbook, the authors present current research in the study of the biological activity, classification and health and environmental implications of herbicides. Topics discussed include productive degradation of dichlorprop by transconjugant strains; weeds and their mechanisms of resistance to herbicides; application of 31P-NMR spectroscopy to glyphosate studies in plants; lethal and sublethal glyphosate effects on non-target fish species; chemical properties and genotoxic effects of phenylurea herbicides; action mode of triazines and toxic effects on vertebrates; photolysis experiments on alloxydim herbicide and biological response of its transformation product; glyphosate-resistant weeds in Southern Europe; herbicide paraquat genotoxicity-enhancement by the phenolic antioxidants Dl-A-tocopherl and 2,6-Di-Tert-Butyl-P-Cresol; glyphosate adsorption in a soil depth profile; adsorption-desorption processes and mobility of (4-Chloro-2-Methylophenoxy) acetic acid (Mcpa) in Irish grassland soils; pesticides and cancer with a study on the interaction of phenoxy acid herbicides with DNA; herbicidal activity of pyrazole derivatives; behaviour of herbicides in paddy water and soil after application; and laboratory lysimeter for pesticide transport studies.

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Book SynopsisElectrochemical Capacitors (ECs) are a class of energy storage device that fill the gap between high energy density batteries and high-power-density electrostatic capacitors. ECs show shorter charge/discharge time and higher power density compared to batteries. However, to use ECs as alternatives to batteries, a significant increase in energy density is required. Although critical to the U.S.''s energy future, development of ECs has been hindered by the lack of cost-effective electrode materials that can store more energy. As a cheaper alternative transition metal, manganese (Mn) is abundant and environmentally-friendly. Manganese oxide shows theoretical capacitance of ~800 F g-1, which is comparable to that of RuO2. However, owing to low electronic and ionic conductance, manganese oxide powder exhibits much lower specific capacitances. This book discusses studies of charge-storage mechanism of manganese oxide nanomaterials for ECs. It also discusses sustainable electrode materials made from electrospun alkali lignin-based carbon nanofibres for high performacen supercapacitors; new strategies for the improvement of SC energy density by covalent and non-covalent addition of qunones of carbon surfaces; maganese dioxide based SCs; supercapacitors test methods; and hydrogenated barium titanate films and their potential for integrated SCs.

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Book SynopsisFullerenes are molecules composed entirely of carbon atoms, arranged into structures similar to graphite, i.e., stacked graphene sheets of linked hexagonal rings; but they may also contain pentagonal (or sometimes heptagonal) rings. The rings then form nanoparticles of various shapes, such as hollow spheres, ellipsoids, and also cylinders (tubes). Fullerenes are important biologically active molecules with diverse effects on cells and tissues. They are able to oxidize biological molecules and cause serious damage to them, which can lead to cell malfunctioning, genome mutations and cell death. Simultaneously, fullerenes can act as reduction agents. Both the harmful oxidizing effects and the beneficial reducing effects of fullerenes can be exploited for preventing and treating various disorders. This book discusses the chemistry of fullerenes, as well as its natural sources and several technological applications.

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Book SynopsisEngineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have greatly impacted human society as well as natural environments over the past decade, in consequence of their production on a massive scale to support the emerging market for nanotechnology. Among these ENMs, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have been extensively employed in the development of novel solutions for photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation. This book discusses the effects of TiO2 in natural environments. Some other topics discussed include indoor environment control with functional mortars; the production, properties and applications of TiO2; dye-sensitized TiO2 for gas detection; TiO2 induced photocatalytic reduction for organic synthesis; and the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on the inflammatory process.

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