Human rights, civil rights Books

Book SynopsisThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the first international agreement setting out freedoms, rights and entitlements for all humanity to claim. It emphasizes the inextricable relationship between fundamental freedoms and social justice, and their connection with peace and security. The General Assembly of the United Nations proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping the UDHR constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

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Book SynopsisThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the first international agreement setting out freedoms, rights and entitlements for all humanity to claim. It emphasises the inextricable relationship between fundamental freedoms and social justice, and their connection with peace and security. The General Assembly of the United Nations proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping the UDHR constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

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Book SynopsisThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the first international agreement setting out freedoms, rights and entitlements for all humanity to claim. It emphasises the inextricable relationship between fundamental freedoms and social justice, and their connection with peace and security. The General Assembly of the United Nations proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping the UDHR constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

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Book SynopsisThis is the official Record of the Report of the Committee on the Rights of the Child

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Book SynopsisThe Right to Food Guidelines provide practical guidance on ways to implement the right to adequate food in a wide range of policy and programmes areas through a human rights-based approach.Since the adoption of the Right to Food Guidelines, FAO and its partners have produced a wealth of tools, strengthened capacity, and facilitated multi-stakeholder dialogues worldwide. However, the goal of realizing the right to food of everyone has not been accomplished yet. Currently, over 820 million people are suffering from chronic hunger.This fifteen-Year Retrospective on the Right to Food Guidelines helps us look back and understand what has worked and why, where the bottlenecks lie, and how governments and their partners can be most effective in the fight against hunger and malnutrition.

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Book SynopsisRebuilding societies where conflict has occurred is rarely a simple process, but where conflict has been accompanied by gross and systematic violations of human rights, the procedure becomes fraught with controversy. This volume brings together eminent scholars and practitioners with direct experience of some of the most challenging contemporary cases of international justice, and illustrates that justice and accountability remain complex ideals.

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Book SynopsisIn this, our 75th year of Independence we needed qualityiterature around our great tribal freedom fighters. This book is a truly commendable start in that direction. Arjun Munda, Minister of Tribal Affairs Our first war of Independence was not in 1857. In fact, tribal mutinies against the British began ateast 75 years before the 1857 revolution. These battles were fought with traditional bows and arrows and spears, and predated the reported political movement that came to the fore in the latter part of the nineteenth century. As we complete 75 years of Independence, it is only fair to acknowledge that a parallel freedom movement had existed in our far-flung villages and jungles, away from the mainstream freedom movement acknowledged in the books of history. The Great Tribal Warriors of Bharat is a humble attempt to honour theseargely unsung heroes of an epochal movement, whose contribution remainsargely unacknowledged. The book begins with Tilka Manjhi, who unleashed guerilla warfare to combat the British, and includes Jaipal Singh Munda, one of the most nuanced speakers of our Constituent Assembly, tracking the trajectory of this movement. These brave warriors came from all parts of India, including the Northeast and the South, and from all tribes existing in the country. This book is a rare collection and a journey into self-discovery for our civilization turned nation.

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Book SynopsisBeing Muslim in Hindu India is an impassioned cry for attention, an attempt to highlight just what has gone wrong with our polity and society in recent years.

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Book SynopsisConflicted Democracies and Gendered Violence elucidates the centrality of political and foundational violence in the governance of conflicted democracies in the postcolony, calling attention to the urgent need for transformation. Spectacular and quotidian gendered and sexualized violence by states and collectives holds in place fraught and unjust histories and relations between elites and subalterns, majoritarian subjects and non-dominant "Others." At the intersections of nationalist and decolonial confrontations, such violence regularizes states of emergency and exception. Through oral history, archival, and legal research undertaken over three years, this interdisciplinary work underscores the need for transitional and transformative justice mechanisms in conflicted democracies to address protracted conflict (focusing on their internal dimensions) and social upheaval. India serves as a case in point, exemplified by ongoing and recent conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir and the Punjab and episodic social upheavals in Gujarat (in 2002) and Odisha (in 2008). Victim-survivor narratives of counter-memory, historical records, and legal analyses of formative cases detail the depth and texture of social suffering and illustrate the inadequacy and inhumanity of official responses to events of extraordinary violence. Expanding on methods in justice and accountability and espousing the right to heal, scholars and practitioners raise critical questions regarding the state, civil society, and diverse institutions, and the most elemental of constituents: victim-survivors. Contributors: Angana P. Chatterji, Mallika Kaur, Roxanna Altholz, Paola Bacchetta, Rajvinder Singh Bains, Mihir Desai, Laurel E. Fletcher, Parvez Imroz, Jeremy J. Sarkin, and Pwi Wu.

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Book SynopsisThe book sheds light on the issues of structural violence perpetrated against the tribes and vividly analyzes the infringement of human rights of the tribes in the neo-liberal hegemonic context, due to which the tribes are going through massive upheaval induced displacement and dispossession from livelihood. They are unable to advance their existentialist interests and fulfil their aspirations, because of which they are taking recourse to extremism and get caught into the battle of state sponsored militia and forces on the one hand, and the extremists on the other. The mechanism of structural violence is embedded in the global capitalism, which has its roots in colonialism and imperialism. Tribal movements of the central-eastern India, inspired by human rights exigencies, are up against this imperial project that violates the trajectories of state-led development initiatives for the reason that these movements have been brutally suppressed by the military forces.

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Book SynopsisTrailblazers -- a sequel to Nine Lives, is an odyssey that takes you around the world. It presents stories of eleven human rights defenders whose lives reflect Gandhi''s notion ''you must be the change you wish to see in the world.'' Nations, like individuals, have their whims and peculiarities. But what if the cost of those whims becomes unbearable? These testimonies have one thing in common: the local illustrates the global. The Inuit story illustrates global warming. The Sahrawi story illustrates that totalitarianism is alive and well. The Ecuadorian story illustrates why corporate social responsibility must be taken seriously -- all the way to the courthouse. In the end, the truth will come out. Sometimes, the last straw is nothing other than yourself.

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Book Synopsis“What exactly is the arranged marriage?” That is the central question that this book evolves around. The author argues that the arranged marriage is often misrepresented in academic literature as it is generally analyzed through a Eurocentric lens. This is not a neutral lens. The Eurocentric frame perceives the free-choice marriage system as the ideal. As a result, the arranged marriage is perceived to be a lesser marital tradition, a “marriage of shortcomings”, one that fails to meet the standards of the free-choice marriage system. The author invites readers to break this frame and to study the arranged marriage and its dynamics with fresh eyes. Filling an academic gap, Tahir’s book provides a unique critical examination of the social principles that lie at the heart of the arranged marriage system, such as guardianship, hierarchical interdependence, group loyalty, marriage and risk management, and the role of parental authority in the promotion of individual marital consent. Knowledge of these foundational principles will hugely contribute to an unbiased understanding of the arranged marriage and of the modernization the arranged marriage is currently undergoing. Breaking Eurocentric Frames on Arranged Marriage is a necessary and valuable handbook for understanding the cultural heritage of a marriage system that is practised by millions around the world.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1 Main Differences Between Arranged and Autonomous Marriage – A Preliminary Examination; 2 Viewing the Arranged Marriage as the ‘Other’ Marriage; 3 Autonomous Marriage; 4 Arranged Marriage – The Ideal Type; 5 Consent under Constraints – A Case study of Consent in a Hierarchical Arranged Marriage; 6 Understanding Changing Arranged Marriage Patterns; 7 Conclusion: Turn the Picture Round – Understanding the Arranged Marriage on Its Own Terms; Bibliography; Acknowledgements

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Book SynopsisCentral to this book is the concept of humanity in international law. It traces the evolution of that concept within international law, studies the existing theories of crimes against humanity, and lays out its own theory based on an inclusive view of “humanity”. Crimes against humanity are core crimes under international law; their modern definition is found in the Rome Statute. However, their protective scope remains unclear, with the exact meaning of “humanity” left undefined in law.The proposed theory argues that “humanity” should be understood as “humanness” and crimes against humanity should be criminalised because humanness constitutes these crimes’ valid protected interest. This volume in the International Criminal Justice Series offers an analysis of the German doctrine of Rechtsgut to justify the penalization of crimes against humanity at both domestic and international levels.This is the first monograph on crimes against humanity written by an author from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) aimed at an international audience, and should constitute a useful tool for academics, students and practitioners of international law.Rustam Atadjanov, LLB, LLM, Dr.jur., attained his Ph.D. at the University of Hamburg in Germany and is a former Legal Adviser to the Regional Delegation of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Central Asia, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Main Substantive Terms, Their Basic Differences and Links, and Leading Working Hypothesis.- Historical Overview of the Development of the Concept of Humanityin International Law and Crimes against Humanity.- “Humanity” within the Contemporary Context of International Law Dealing with Crimes against Humanity.-“Humanity” as a Valid Protected Interest under the Rechtsgutstheorie.- The Protected Legal Interests of Crimes against Humanity and Other Core Crimes under International Law: A Comparative Analysis.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisMore than ten years after the adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, this book critically reviews the achievements, limits and next frontiers of business and human rights following the ‘protect, respect, remedy’ trichotomy. The UN Guiding Principles acted as a catalyst for hitherto unprecedented regulatory and judicial developments. The monograph by Macchi proposes a functionalist reading of the state’s duty to regulate the transnational activities of corporations in order to protect human rights and adopts a holistic approach to the corporate responsibility to respect, arguing that environmental and climate due diligence are inherent dimensions of human rights due diligence. In the volume emerging legislations are assessed on mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence, as well as the potential and limitations of a binding international treaty on business and human rights. The book also reviews groundbreaking litigation against transnational corporations, such as Lungowe v. Vedanta or Milieudefensie v. Shell, for their human rights and climate change impacts. The book is primarily targeted at academic and non-academic legal experts, as well as at researchers and students looking at business and human rights issues through the lenses of legal studies (particularly international law and European law), political sciences, business ethics, and management. Additionally, it should also find a readership among practitioners working in the public or private sector (consultants, CSR officers, legal officers, etc.) willing to familiarize themselves with the expanding areas of liability, financial and reputational risks connected to the social and environmental impacts of global supply chains.Chiara Macchi is currently Lecturer in Law at Wageningen University & Research in The Netherlands.Trade Review“Macchi has skilfully provided an overview of the evolution of the business and human rights debate, which ultimately led to the adoption of the UNGPs. … it is a valuable contribution to students and scholars of political science and law, as well as practitioners and policy makers seeking a comprehensive introduction to environmental due diligence. The thorough footnotes and precise citations are also noteworthy and appreciated by readers.” (Viktoria Reisch, South African Journal of International Affairs, July 12. 2023)Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Part I. The State Duty to Protect.- Chapter 2. Responsibility Beyond Borders: Business, Human Rights, Climate Change and the State.- Part II. The Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights.- Chapter 3. The Normative Foundation of the Corporate Responsibility to Respect: A Critical Analysis.- Chapter 4. From Nuremberg to Climate Change: The Corporate Responsibility to Respect.- Chapter 5. Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence.- Part III. Remedies.- Chapter 6. Business and Human Rights Litigation: Evolution and Trends.- Part IV. Looking Forward: Pathways to Improved State and Corporate Accountability.- Chapter 7. Towards a Business and Human Rights Binding Treaty: Opportunities and Challenges.- Chapter 8. Conclusions.- Bibliography.- Index.

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Book SynopsisHow democratic regimes should engage with authoritarian regimes, or self-proclaimed authorities in states under occupation, has long been a subject of debate. The work examines Canada''s relations with member-states of the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War. Central and East European communist states were nominally independent but established under occupation. Canadian leaders explored whether engaging in foreign relations with these countries would encourage liberalization or embolden dictatorships. Over time, Canada''s position evolved as a policy of encouraging bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, while calling for the respect of human rights. However, Canada''s economic relationship with East European states was at times at cross-purposes with its democratic principles. Andrea Chandler concludes that while Canada did play a role in encouraging democratization, the country''s leaders did not sufficiently consider the impact of these policies on the citizens of Warsaw Pact countries.This book treats Canada's engagement with Hungary, Poland, the German Democratic Republic, Romania, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakiaduring the Cold War, in which the Western countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (including Canada) had an adversarial relation with the Soviet bloc nations.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive legal and constitutional study of emergency powers from a comparative common law perspective. It is one of very few comparative studies on three jurisdictions and arguably the first one to explore in detail various emergency powers, statutory and common law, constitutional and statutory law, martial law and military acting-in-aid of civil authority, wartime and peacetime invocations, and several related and vital themes like judicial review of emergency powers (existence, scope and degree). The three jurisdictions compared here are: the pure implied common law model (employed by the UK), implied constitutional model (employed by the USA) and the explicit constitutional model (employed by India). The book’s content has important implications, as these three jurisdictions collectively cover the largest population within the common law world, and also provide maximum representative diversity. The book covers the various positions on external emergencies as opposed to internal emergencies, economic/financial emergencies, and emergent inroads being made into state autonomy by the central or federal governments, through use of powers like Article 356 of the Indian Constitution. By providing a detailed examination of the law and practice of emergency powers, the book shares a wealth of valuable insights. Specific sub-chapters address questions like – what is the true meaning of ‘martial law’; who can invoke ‘martial law’; when can it be invoked and suspended; what happens when the military is called in to aid civilian authorities; can martial law be deemed to exist or coexist when this happens; what are the limits on state powers when an economic emergency is declared; and, above all, can, and if so, when and how should courts judicially review emergency powers? These and several other questions are asked and answered in this study. Though several checks and constraints have been devised regarding the scope and extent of ‘emergency powers,’ these powers are still prone to misuse, as all vast powers are. A study of the legal propositions on this subject, especially from a comparative perspective, is valuable for any body politic that aspires to practice democracy, while also allowing constitutionally controlled aberrations to protect that democracy. Trade Review“Discerning readers will find the book’s combination of academic rigour, practical insight and considerable forthrightness worthy of commendation.” (The Commonwealth Lawyer, Vol. 31 (1), April, 2021)Table of ContentsChapter 1 – The Concept of Emergency Powers in History and Political Thought: Greek, Roman, and Indian paradigms I. Ideas Underlying the Concept of Emergency Powers II. The Greek Period III. The Roman Dictatorship i. Appointment of Dictators ii. Limitations of Time iii. Non-Derogable Areas iv. Other limitations v. Some additional effects of use of emergency powers vi. The decline of the dictatorship IV. Ancient and Medieval IndiaChapter 2 – Martial Law: A Comparative Analysis of the USA, the UK, and India I. IntroductionII. A Brief History of Martial LawIII. Martial Law in the United Statesi. Military Law, Military Government and Martial Lawii. Absolute and Qualified Martial Law & Preventive and Punitive Martial Lawiii. State of Insurrection and State of Wariv. Historical Instances of Use of Forcev. Is Martial Law Constitutional in USA?vi. Proclamation of Martial Lawa. Identity of Proclaimerb. Nature and Content of Proclamationsc. Necessity and Effect of Proclamationsvii. Permissible consequences of Martial Lawa. Exercise of powers in absence of trial of civilians by military tribunalsb. Trials of civilians by military tribunalsviii. Suspension of the writ of Habeas Corpusa. Martial Law and Suspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus differentiatedb. Who may suspend the writ?IV. Martial Law in Englandi. Historical Evolution and Significant Instances of Useii. Martial Law: Prerogative or Common Law?iii. Proclamations of Martial LawV. Martial Law in Indiai. Pre-Independence Judicial Opinionii. Post-Independence Judicial Opinioniii. Can Martial Law be proclaimed under article 34? An alternative view: Historical Analysis of article 34Chapter 3 – Military Acting in Aid of Civilian Authority I. IntroductionII. Use of Military in Situations not amounting to Martial Law in the United Statesi. The National Guardii. Some instances of use of the military in aid of civil authorityiii. Distinctions between martial law and use of military in aid of civil authorityiv. Principles governing liability of Guardsmen and Higher Officersa. General Principlesb. False arrest and imprisonmentc. Use of excessive forced. Immunity, if any?v. Judicial review of actions of Guard in other situationsvi. Use of force by the Federal Government: The Debs PrincipleIII. Military Acting in Aid of Civil Authority in UKi. Distinction between martial law and military acting in aid of civil authorityii. Historical evolution and current status of the civil decision to deploy militaryiii. Judicial review and some other issues IV. India: No direct comparative jurisprudence exists though some principles are summarizedChapter 4 – Judicial Independence and Economic Emergency with Special Focus on India I. IntroductionII. Economic Emergency under the Indian ConstitutionIII. Financial Independence of the Judiciaryi. Judicial Salaries and Judicial Independenceii. Judicial Salaries and the Question of Independence in the United StatesIV. Financial Independence of Judiciary under the Indian ConstitutionV. Judicial Review of Reduction of Judicial Salaries during an Economic Emergencyi. Colorable Exercise of Powerii. Fundamental Rights Violationiii. Judicial Review and Basic Structure Constitutionalism ConclusionChapter 5 – Emergency Powers in India I. Historical overview of Emergency Powers in Pre-Indepenent Indiai. Pre-British Indiaii. Company Rule: 1600-1857iii. Direct British Rule Prior to First World War: 1858-1914iv. First World War: 1914-18v. Inter War Years: 1919-39vi. Second World War and Independence: 1939-47 II. Emergency Powers in the Indian Constitutioni. Introductoryii. Travaux Preparatories Relating to Constitutional Provisionsiii. Changes in Emergency Provisions During and After 1975iv. Some legal aspects of Emergency Powersa. Proclamation of Emergencyb. Effects of Emergencyv. Post-Independence Emergenciesa. War Emergenciesb. The 1975 Peacetime Emergencyc. Detentionsd. The Press and Media III. President’s Rule: A Sui Generis Emergency Poweri. Introductoryii. Constituent Assembly Debates Relating to Article 355, 356, and 357iii. Post-Independence Changes in Article 355, 356, and 357iv. Some legal aspects of President’s Rule in Indiaa. Role and Status of President and Governor during an article 356 Proclamationb. Duration of Effects of Action under an article· 356 Proclamation· Violation of Constitutional Provisions relating to Parliamentary scrutinyc. Legality of suspension of Assemblyd. Judicial Review and Article 356· State of Rajasthan v. Union of India· S. R. Bommai v. Union of India Post Bommai Development

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Book SynopsisThis book is an essential guide on surrogacy, discussing various legal issues that arise in surrogacy cases. It provides a comprehensive coverage to various issues pertaining to surrogacy arrangements due to failure to meet the needs of those involved in surrogacy, be it the intended parents or the surrogate mother, with special emphasis on the most vulnerable party -- the surrogate child. In the wake of this existing imbalance, the call to reform the practice of surrogacy has also increased. The book provides a comprehensive coverage to various laws and policy regulations in existence dealing with surrogacy, and unravels the latest trends and developments happening around the world as surrogacy gains importance. The international perspectives highlight policies and practices being adopted and followed by various nations with regard to surrogacy regulation and associated parenthood rules. This book also analyses some of the significant cross-border disputes revolving around surrogacy, and explores briefly the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on matters of parentage and citizenship for children born of trans-national surrogacy with special reference to the prospects of a convention on international surrogacy currently being studied by The Hague Conference on Private International Law. Further, it highlights the issues and questions relating to surrogacy arrangements that are so far unresolved and unanswered and suggests measures for improvements to the existing proposed surrogacy legislation in India and need for uniform international regulation. The book is a great resource for legal practitioners, academics, students, policy-makers, infertility clinics, and charitable organizations working on this issue.Table of ContentsCHAPTER I: IntroductionØ An Overview of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)Ø Assisted Reproductive Technology Procedures · In Vitro Fertilization Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) · Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) · Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) · Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) · Artificial Insemination (AI) · Legal Issues Involved Ø SurrogacyØ Surrogacy Practice-Regulation-Issues CHAPTER II: Issues and Complexities Surrounding Surrogacy Ø Surrogacy & its Evolution Ø Legal Issues · Perplexed Motherhood - (i) Intent Based Theory (ii) Genetic Contribution Theory (iii) Gestational Mother Preference theory (iv) The Best Interest of the Child Theory · Legitimacy of the surrogate Child · Rights of the surrogate Child · Validity of a Surrogacy Contract Ø Moral and Ethical Issues · Does Surrogacy Undermine the Institution of Marriage and Family Life? · Surrogacy as a Tool of Exploitation. · Surrogacy Vs. Prostitution · Surrogacy and Right to Privacy. · Does Surrogacy overshadow Adoption? · Surrogacy and Bias against Child. · Surrogacy and Man Playing God. CHAPTER III: Surrogacy: National and International Perspectives Ø Reproductive Tourism in India Ø Regulation and Enforceability · Constitutional Protection · The Indian Contract Act, 1872 Ø The Indian Council of Medical Research, The National Guidelines for Accreditation, Supervision and Regulation of ART Clinics in India (2005) · Who Can be a Surrogate and Who Can Opt for Surrogacy (ii) Legal Parenthood and Nationality (iii) Consideration Ø The Law Commission of India 228th Report on “Need for Legislation to Regulate Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics As Well As Rights and Obligations of Parties to a Surrogacy”(2009) . Ø The Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2010 and 2014 · Features of Draft ART Bill, 2010 and 2014 · Who Can be a Surrogate and Who can Opt for Surrogacy · Prohibition of Sex Selection (iii) Enforceability of surrogacy arrangements · (iv) Payment in surrogacy (v) Legal Parenthood/Nationality of the Child (vi) Obligations on the Commissioning Parties (vii) Advertisement (viii) Obligations & Rights of the Surrogate Mother II. Critical Analysis of Draft ART Bill, 2010 (i) General Weaknesses (ii) Ambiguities in the Bill (iii) Contradictions in the Bill Ø The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 · Features of The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill 2019 ü Who Can be a Surrogate and Who can Opt for Surrogacy ü Prohibition of Sex Selection (iii) Enforceability of surrogacy arrangements ü (iv) Payment in surrogacy (v) Legal Parenthood/Nationality of the Child (vi) Obligations on the Commissioning Parties (vii) Advertisement (viii) Obligations & Rights of the Surrogate Mother II. Critical Analysis The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 (i) General Weaknesses (ii) Ambiguities in the Bill (iii) Contradictions in the Bill Ø Recent Developments · The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2020 Ø Surrogacy: International Perspective · (i) Israel (ii) Canada (iii) Australia (iv) United Kingdom (v) Ukraine (vi) Japan (vii) United State of America (viii) New Zealand (ix) Russia (x) Thailand (xi) Nepal (xii) Other Countries CHAPTER IV: Homosexuals and Their Right to Surrogacy Ø The concept of Homosexuality Ø Debate about Homosexuality Ø Homosexual laws: Global Analysis · United States · United Kingdom · Canada · Australia · India · Other Countries · (Sweden, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Singapore, Nepal , Uganda and China etc.) Ø Homosexuals and Their Right to Surrogacy · International Scenario · Indian Scenario Israel (ii) Canada (iii) Australia (iv) United Kingdom (v) Ukraine (vi) Japan (vii) United State of America (viii) New Zealand (ix) Russia (x) Thailand (xi) Nepal (xii) Other Countries CHAPTER V: Third Genders, Live-in Couples, Singles – Option to Surrogacy Ø Third Genders, Live-in Couples and Singles right to reproductive autonomy Ø Global Analysis · United States · United Kingdom · Australia · New Zealand · Japan · Spain · France · Canada Ø Indian Scenario Ø Need to make Inclusive laws Ø Legal and Judicial Recognition of Third Genders, Live-in Couples And Singles. CHAPTER VI: Surrogacy Arrangements the Stake Holders Perspectives Ø From the Perspective of Surrogate Mother · the Right to Reproductive Autonomy · Women autonomy over her body · Right to Health Ø From the Perspective of Surrogate Child · Child Rights: National and international Perspective · Role of Judiciary in Protection of Child Rights · Interplay Between Surrogacy and Child Rights · Role of child commissions in protecting the rights of the surrogate child the rights of the surrogate child Ø Intended Mother · Right to Reproductive Autonomy · Child Care Leave, Maternity benefits Ø Need for an International Regulation for Surrogacy CHAPTER VII: Conclusion and Suggestions Ø Conclusion Ø Suggestions

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on relatively neglected areas of simulation and gaming (S&G), i.e., cultural aspects and ethical issues, in addition to giving readers a basic knowledge of S&G. Although the educational effects of S&G, and related methods such as gamification, as well as serious games have been studied and are gaining recognition, their downsides are often overlooked. For example, there is always a risk of manipulation by games if maliciously designed and facilitated. Ethical codes of game designers, facilitators, and educators must be established on the basis of academic research. Considerations of the ethics of games are essential not only for S&G researchers and educators but also for the general public, because games have sometimes been used for propaganda purposes in the past and could be again, in the present and future. Looking at the cultural aspect, as the S&G community has accumulated research over 50 years, the book includes the knowledge of the pioneers, i.e., archival interview data. This is the first book that includes extensive interviews of researchers and commercial game designers and critics. It also contains diverse topics from the perspective of gender and Japanese culture. Japan has been attracting attention in the field of board games as there are many independent game designers and an expanding market. Although women in S&G have gained some recognition, the topic has been rather ignored and was first officially discussed in 2019 at the international conference of the International Simulation and Gaming Association held in Warsaw. In summary, by focusing on comparatively overlooked or neglected aspects of S&G, this book expands future opportunities in the field for researchers and educators, with increased awareness by the general public.Table of ContentsPreface- Part 1 Culture in Gaming and Simulation.- Chapter 1: Gaming Simulation – Terminology and Fundamentals.- Chapter 2: Knowledge from the Great Ancestors: The “Cone of Ab-straction” – Revisiting a Key Concept through Interviews with Gaming Simulation Veterans.- Chapter 3.- Board Game Immersion.- Chapter 4: Women (and a little bit of Culture) in Simulation Gaming.- Chapter 5: The Current Status of Japanese Game Players and its Impact on the Society.- Part 2 Education.- Chapter 6: Case Example: KIKATOPIA Game – A Simulation Game on Diversity and Living together with Children as Co-designers.- Chapter 7: Bringing Gaming into Education: Cultural Context and Ethical Issues in the Case of SN Games.- Chapter 8: Code of Conduct for Facilitators and the Ethics of De-briefing.- Chapter 9: Ethics and Simulation Games in a Cultural Context: Why Should we Bother? And What Can We Learn?.- Part 3 Manipulation in Games.- Chapter 10: Subtle Manipulation in Games.- Chapter 11: Manipulation through Gamification and Gaming.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the law in relation to how it has responded to sexual and gender issues in the context of Hong Kong, and addresses the implications of those responses for the global context. It aims to develop a localized theory of justice which enables the analysis of multiple socio-legal issues arising in Hong Kong, a predominantly Han-Chinese society in Greater China, while also offering formulations for corresponding solutions. Unlike other books on Hong Kong jurisprudence and socio-legal studies, this book not only compares and contrasts different theories of justice, but also attempts to generate a philosophical perspective which can synchronize and re-organize a range of theoretical components via the lens of localization. The author investigates theories of justice developed, respectively, by Rawls, Deleuze, Lacan, Žižek and from the perspective of Mahāyāna Buddhism, as well as (Orthodox) Han-Chinese Confucianism and Daoism. The book applies these theoretical perspectives in analyzing different socio-legal issues in post-97 Hong Kong, including transgender rights to marriage, domestic violence, sexual assault, child sexual abuse and race. The book concludes by proposing singular possible strategies, which include Degenderization, Desexualization, De-ageing, by which justice(s) can hopefully be re-manufactured and challenged. This book is relevant to researchers and students of law, philosophy, sociology, gender studies and cultural studies. Table of ContentsChapter 1: Beyond Colonialism: Osmotic Restruction of Gender / Sexual Justice in Hong Kong.- Chapter 2: De / Sexing Fa / Law: Development of an Indigenous Legal Theory of Sexual Justice in Hong Kong.- Chapter 3: Beyond Globalization and Localization: Articulating a Theory of Justice in Han-Chinese Culture.- Part 2: Becoming Justice, Desiring Transformation.- Chapter 4: Simularizing Vijnana and Desire, Repeating Yi / Justice: Transplanting Deleuzean Becoming into the Machine of Hong Kong Anti-Domestic Violence Law.- Chapter 5: Desiring Justce, Acting Jnana: Transforming the Legal Transsexual Fantasy from the Perspectives of Žižekian and Mahayana Buddhist Theory.- Chapter 6: De-aging Family Law: Re-engineering the Children-Adult / Parents Machine.- Part 3. Desexualizing Law, De-aging Subjects.- Chapter 7: Confession of Law? A Critical Perspective on the Production of the Child Subject in Hong Kong Law in Control of Child Sexual Abuse.- Chapter 8: Deterritorializing Sexuality, Act(less)ing Justice: Žižekian / Deleuzean / Lao Zi’s Perspectives on Hong Kong’s Rape Law Reform.- Part 4. Undesiring Control, Respecting Multiplicities.- Chapter 9: Un/Controlling Desire, Becoming Others: Negotiating Justice in the Hong Kong Milieu of Mainland Pregnant Women Influx.- Chapter 10. Un/Desiring Data: Deinformatizing Human Subjects:Decontrolling the Individual in the Age of Internet.- Prologue.

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Book SynopsisLife imprisonment is the punishment most often imposed worldwide for what societies regard as the most serious offences. Yet, in Asia the phenomenon has never been studied systematically. Life Imprisonment in Asia fills this major gap. It brings together thirteen new essays on life imprisonment in key jurisdictions in the region. Each chapter consolidates what is known about the law and practice of life imprisonment in the jurisdiction and then explores aspects of the imposition or implementation of life sentences that the authors regard as particularly problematic. In some instances, the main issue is the imposition of life sentences by the courts and their relationship to the death penalty. In others, the focus is on the treatment of life sentenced prisoners. In many instances, the most prominent question is whether life sentenced prisoners should be released and, if so, according to what processes. In the overview chapter, the editors place the complex picture that emerges of life imprisonment in Asia in a global context and point to reforms urgently required to ensure that Asian life sentences meet international human rights standards.Life Imprisonment in Asia should be read by everyone who has an interest in just punishments for serious offences, not only in Asia, but throughout the world. It will be an invaluable tool for lawyers, criminologists, policy makers and penal reform advocates in the region and beyond. Table of Contents1. Japan- Life Imprisonment in Japan: The existing Legal System and Alternative Sanctions to the Death Penalty.- 2. China- Life Imprisonment in China: Law and Practice.- 3. India- Life Imprisonment in India: A Life Without Hope?.- 4. Hong Kong.- 5. South Korea- Life Imprisonment in South Korea: Law and Practice in the Shadow of the Death Penalty.- 6. Vietnam- Life Imprisonment and Human Rights: Reflections on the Vietnamese Context.- 7. Bangladesh- Ensuring a Constructive Prison Experience for Life Sentenced Prisoners in Bangladesh.- 8. Indonesia- Imposing and Enforcing Life Imprisonment in Indonesia.- 9. Malaysia- Reviewing Life Imprisonment in Malaysia: Prospects for Law Reform?.- 10. Singapore- Life Imprisonment in Singapore: Legal and Sociological Perspectives.- 11. Australia- Attempting to Restore a Right to Hope of Release to Life Imprisonment in Australia: The Phuong Ngo Case.- 12. New Zealand- Mapping Life Imprisonment and Indeterminate Sentencing in New Zealand.- 13. Conclusion- Asian Life Imprisonment in Worldwide Perspective.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book shows how the adoption of global justice, such as eradication of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), has given rise to controversy, resistance, and transformation at the national, regional, and grass-roots levels in African and Asian countries where FGM/C has been practiced. It provides readers with up-to-date information about the effects of the campaign to eradicate FGM/C and the present situation of those countries, to which preceding books on FGM/C have scarcely referred. Adopting “zero tolerance” as a policy of eradication, WHO and other UN agencies have opposed any type of FGM/C, and many African countries have criminalized the practice. Although the campaign is based on the human rights discourse which is shared globally, the controversies concerning eradication of FGM/C on the national level and the responses of communities on the local level in those countries are diverse and complicated. Various actors such as NGOs, government officials, religious leaders, medical workers, and local inhabitants are embroiled and negotiate with each other concerning its eradication.With this book, readers are provided with an in-depth analysis of the complicated controversies and responses of local communities, referring to their particular historical and social backgrounds. The book provides two chapters on FGM/C in Asian countries, where not many studies have done yet. It also presents readers with a study of the arguments and responses to FGM/C of African immigrants by Australian health-care professionals as well as a study of male circumcision eradication campaigns, which have been carried on in tandem with FGM/C eradication campaigns but still not have been successful. With its many elaborate case studies, this book is highly recommended to readers who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of the FGM/C studies as well as studies on the applicability of global justice to local communities.This book won the 13th (2023) Japan Consortium for Area Studies (JCAS) Award for Social CollaborationTable of ContentsPreface (Nakamura, Kyoko) Acknowledgement Introduction (Nakamura, Kyoko) Ch.1 Global Discourse and the Patriarchal Norms of FGM: Beyond the Zero Tolerance Policy (Toda, Makiko) Ch.2 Virtuous Cuts: Female Genital Circumcision in an African Ontology (Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa) Ch.3 How Did the Discourses of Globalized Eradication Campaign Reach Grassroots Communities? Female Genital Cutting and Its Eradication Activities among the Yellow Bull in Ethiopia (Miyawaki, Yukio) Ch.4 Cursed or blessed? Female Genital Cutting in the Gamo Cultural Landscape, South Western Ethiopia (Getaneh Mehari) Ch.5 Female Circumcision in Transformation: Medicalization and Ritual Changes among Gusii People in Western Kenya (Miyachi, Kaori) Ch.6 A Grassroots Movement to Eradicate Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and the Local’s Reaction: A Case Study of the Maasai, Kenya (Hayashi, Manami) Ch.7 An Ethnography of Diversity and Flexibility around Female Circumcision and Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Case of a Local Community Response to the Abolition Movement of Kenya (Nakamura, Kyoko) Ch.8 Genealogy of the Movement to Abolish FGC in Sudan: Focusing on the Role of Religion (Abdin, Mohamed) Ch.9 Female Genital Cutting in Asia: A case of Malaysia (Rashid, Abdul) Ch.10 Female Genital Cutting in Southeast Asia from the Viewpoint of the Female Body and Sexuality (Iguchi, Yufu) Ch.11 The Role of Men in the Abandonment of FGM/C (Varol, Nesrin) Ch.12 Autonomy and Bodily Integrity and Male Circumcision (Higashi, Yuko) Index

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Book SynopsisThis open access book shows how the adoption of global justice, such as eradication of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), has given rise to controversy, resistance, and transformation at the national, regional, and grass-roots levels in African and Asian countries where FGM/C has been practiced. It provides readers with up-to-date information about the effects of the campaign to eradicate FGM/C and the present situation of those countries, to which preceding books on FGM/C have scarcely referred. Adopting “zero tolerance” as a policy of eradication, WHO and other UN agencies have opposed any type of FGM/C, and many African countries have criminalized the practice. Although the campaign is based on the human rights discourse which is shared globally, the controversies concerning eradication of FGM/C on the national level and the responses of communities on the local level in those countries are diverse and complicated. Various actors such as NGOs, government officials, religious leaders, medical workers, and local inhabitants are embroiled and negotiate with each other concerning its eradication.With this book, readers are provided with an in-depth analysis of the complicated controversies and responses of local communities, referring to their particular historical and social backgrounds. The book provides two chapters on FGM/C in Asian countries, where not many studies have done yet. It also presents readers with a study of the arguments and responses to FGM/C of African immigrants by Australian health-care professionals as well as a study of male circumcision eradication campaigns, which have been carried on in tandem with FGM/C eradication campaigns but still not have been successful. With its many elaborate case studies, this book is highly recommended to readers who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of the FGM/C studies as well as studies on the applicability of global justice to local communities.This book won the 13th (2023) Japan Consortium for Area Studies (JCAS) Award for Social CollaborationTable of ContentsPreface (Nakamura, Kyoko) Acknowledgement Introduction (Nakamura, Kyoko) Ch.1 Global Discourse and the Patriarchal Norms of FGM: Beyond the Zero Tolerance Policy (Toda, Makiko) Ch.2 Virtuous Cuts: Female Genital Circumcision in an African Ontology (Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa) Ch.3 How Did the Discourses of Globalized Eradication Campaign Reach Grassroots Communities? Female Genital Cutting and Its Eradication Activities among the Yellow Bull in Ethiopia (Miyawaki, Yukio) Ch.4 Cursed or blessed? Female Genital Cutting in the Gamo Cultural Landscape, South Western Ethiopia (Getaneh Mehari) Ch.5 Female Circumcision in Transformation: Medicalization and Ritual Changes among Gusii People in Western Kenya (Miyachi, Kaori) Ch.6 A Grassroots Movement to Eradicate Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and the Local’s Reaction: A Case Study of the Maasai, Kenya (Hayashi, Manami) Ch.7 An Ethnography of Diversity and Flexibility around Female Circumcision and Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Case of a Local Community Response to the Abolition Movement of Kenya (Nakamura, Kyoko) Ch.8 Genealogy of the Movement to Abolish FGC in Sudan: Focusing on the Role of Religion (Abdin, Mohamed) Ch.9 Female Genital Cutting in Asia: A case of Malaysia (Rashid, Abdul) Ch.10 Female Genital Cutting in Southeast Asia from the Viewpoint of the Female Body and Sexuality (Iguchi, Yufu) Ch.11 The Role of Men in the Abandonment of FGM/C (Varol, Nesrin) Ch.12 Autonomy and Bodily Integrity and Male Circumcision (Higashi, Yuko) Index

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Book SynopsisThis book chronicles Zunar’s fight through cartoons from 2009 to 2018. Peppered within the pages of this book are some of Zunar’s timeless philosophies on cartooning, which have kept him going despite the odds stacked against him – arrests, court charges, banning of books, travel ban. In this book, Zunar also sheds light on the methodological approach he utilises in his cartoons to effectively deliver his messages. From the conception of a cartoon right down to inking it, Zunar bares what goes on his mind when he draws these cartoons. From being labelled controversial to becoming an award winning cartoonist, this is Zunar’s fight through cartoons in his own words.

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Book SynopsisForced labour, encompassing various types of coercive practices and rights violations, is an entrenched problem in Malaysia. Recent years have seen more decisive and concerted efforts to resolve the problem and repair Malaysia's damaged reputation, but the country's forced labour woes escalated amid COVID-19, with exposés and trade embargoes in 2020–21.Most consequentially, the US has imposed withhold release orders (WROs) on major rubber glove manufacturers and palm oil producers. For two consecutive years, 2021–22, Malaysia has occupied the lowest Tier 3 in the US Trafficking in Persons report. In November 2021, the country's National Action Plan on Forced Labour (NAPFL), formulated through tripartite engagements with the participation of the International Labour Organization, was launched, with the third National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP 3.0) operating in tandem.The NAPFL outlines strategies and integrated measures for eventually eliminating forced labour by 2030, which requires systemic solutions commensurate with the magnitude of underlying problems. Forced labour has persisted despite the official termination of labour outsourcing and increased intergovernmental bilateral initiatives to better manage foreign worker flows. Continual challenges in the labour supply industry and the administrative system, including the problematic overlapping powers of the Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of Human Resources, complicate the creation and implementation of a more just, effective and accountable migrant worker system.Government-to-government (G2) agreements, through Memorandum of Understanding, have become the established platform, but are marred by inconsistency and lack of transparency. The new government of Malaysia will need to address deep-seated issues and confront vested interests, domestically and in the labour source countries, to realize the aspiration of eliminating forced labour by 2030.

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Book SynopsisZafra Lerman was precocious as a little girl growing up in Israel. She grew up with deep-seeded valuesvalues so deeply held that they became ingrained in her being. These values led her to dedicate her life to using science diplomacy to fight for peace and for human rights. She also developed a new curriculum, where she taught science through art, music, dance, and drama. This curriculum was successful with underprivileged students around the world.This book is a genre-busting first-person narrative in which Prof. Lerman recounts her remarkable lifea life that has led her all around the world from the Soviet Union to Peru, from China to Cuba, and beyond where she fought for dissidents who were being denied basic human rights. And, perhaps most importantly, her life has led her to Malta, the first site of the Malta Conferences. After the September 11 attacks on the United States, Prof. Lerman conceived, coordinated, and launched the Malta Conferencesthe biennial, international meetings of scientists from all Middle East countries, Nobel laureates, and political leaderswhich use science diplomacy as a bridge to peace in the Middle East.The book is an inspiring call to action showing how the author's life and work has led to the innovative use of science as diplomacy in the fight for human rights and peace. It is an inspiration to educators, scientists, policymakers, and the general readers. There is no equivalent, competing work.

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