Human–computer interaction Books

Book SynopsisThe contributions to this volume examine the implications of recent advances in artificial intelligence and ask whether machines with artificial intelligence can develop artifical minds.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Contributors Introduction (Donald Broadbent, University of Oxford) 1. Setting the Scene: the Claim and the Issues (Roger Penrose, University of Oxford) 2. The Approach Through Symbols (Allen Newell, Carnegie Mellon University; Richard Young, MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge; Thad Polk, Carnegie Mellon University) 3. Sub-Symbolic Modeling of Hand-Eye Coordination (Dana H Ballard, University of Oxford) 4. Networks in the Brain (Edmund Rolls, University of Oxford) 5. Computational Vision (Mike Brady, University of Oxford) 6. The Handling of Natural Language (Gerald Gazdar, University of Sussex) 7. The Impact on Philosophy (Margaret A Boden, University of Sussex).

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Book SynopsisThis volume launches a series that will focus on providing chapters that advance our understanding of human performance in organizational systems as cognitive engineering principles are applied. It includes a historical review of a cognitive engineering research at a national laboratory.Table of ContentsPreface. Cognitive engineering research at Riso from 1962-1979 (K.J. Vicente). Developing adaptability: a theory for the design of integrated-embedded training systems (S.W.J. Kozlowski et al.). Using pathfinder networks to analyze procedural knowledge in interactions with advanced technology (D.J. Gillan, N.J. Cooke). Some guidelines for conducting a cognitive task analysis (G. Klein, L. Militello). The application of human modeling technology to the design, evaluation and operation of complex systems (W. Zachary et al.). Training teams to take initiative: critical thinking in novel situations (M.S. Cohen, B.B. Thompson). Use of commercial, off-the-shelf, simulations for team research (C.A. Bowers, F. Jentsch). Understanding human performance in complex environments: research paradigms and emerging application areas (J.M. Hitt II, et al.).

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Book Synopsis Network revolutions of the past have shaped the present and set the stage for the revolution we are experiencing today In an era of seemingly instant change, it''s easy to think that today''s revolutionsin communications, business, and many areas of daily lifeare unprecedented. Today''s changes may be new and may be happening faster than ever before. But our ancestors at times were just as bewildered by rapid upheavals in what we now call networksthe physical links that bind any society together. In this fascinating book, former FCC chairman Tom Wheeler brings to life the two great network revolutions of the past and uses them to help put in perspective the confusion, uncertainty, and even excitement most people face today. The first big network revolution was the invention of movable-type printing in the fifteenth century. This book, its millions of predecessors, and even such broad trends as the Reformation, the Renaissance, and the multiple scientific revo

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Book SynopsisPresents the investigation that the renowned cultural theorist and mathematician Brian Rotman began in his previous books Signifying Nothing and Ad Infinitum ...the Ghost in Turing's Machine: exploring certain signs and the conceptual innovations and subjectivities that they facilitate or foreclose.Trade Review“Becoming Beside Ourselves is a bold, provocative, and highly original argument about the relation between medial effects and changing manifestations of subjectivity. It traces a sweeping trajectory from what Brian Rotman calls the ‘lettered self,’ associated with alphabetic inscription and the codex printed book, to the subject as distributed assemblage associated with network culture. While others have made parts of this kind of argument before, Rotman’s analysis is unique in placing special emphasis on gesture and revealing its traces in orality and print. In a brilliant synthesis, he mixes evolutionary theory with a Deleuzian view of agent-as-assemblage, arguing that computational media both reveal and perform distributed cognition as a crucial aspect of human being-in-the-world. Essential reading for anyone interested in the interrelations between computational media, contemporary subjectivity, and human evolution.”—Katherine Hayles, University of California, Los Angeles“Brian Rotman’s exciting new text not only adds to his previous work on signifying technology (zero, infinity), it expands his study of abstraction to encompass the construction of subjectivity itself. Becoming Beside Ourselves will open up all kinds of unexplored terrains, from grammatology to psychoanalysis, from the history of technology to the study of culture and religion.”—Fredric Jameson, Duke UniversityTable of ContentsForeword: Machine Bodies, Ghosts, and Para-Selves: Confronting the Singularity with Brian Rotman / Timothy Lenoir ix Preface xxxi Acknowledgments xxxv Aura xxxvii Introduction: Lettered Selves and Beyond 1 Part I 1. The Alphabetic Body 13 2. Gesture and Non-Alphabetic Writing 33 Interlude 3. Technological Mathematics 57 Part II 4. Parallel Selves 81 5. Ghost Effects 107 Notes 139 References 151 Index 163

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Book SynopsisThe cultural theorist and media designer Anne Balsamo calls for transforming learning practices to inspire culturally attuned technological imaginations.Trade Review“Designing Culture is a tour de force, offering a unique vision of the possibilities for a contemporary cultural studies. Refusing to separate research from pedagogy, technology from culture, or innovation from imagination, Anne Balsamo maps the concrete complexities of specific design processes, and opens up new ways of thinking about—and teaching—technocultures in relation to broader socio-political fields. Her book is required reading for anyone working with contemporary cultures.”—Lawrence Grossberg, author of Cultural Studies in the Future Tense“The argument pursued throughout the book is coherent and sustained. It makes a valuable intervention in thinking about design and design processes, technocultures and technological innovation. If you want a taster, try the website – http://designingculture.net.” * European Journal of Communication *“Designing Culture is a road map to the technological imagination, provided by one of our best theorists and practitioners. Anne Balsamo’s architecture of the future rests solidly on her own experiments, inventions, theoretical engagements, pedagogical innovations, and interactive hermeneutics. This is cultural theory at its best, brilliant, bold, and daring.”—Cathy N. Davidson, Duke University“This is an erudite yet accessible cross-disciplinary text that makes a substantial contribution to the field of cultural studies, and also serves as a welcome and timely call to arms not only for scholars and scientists in the humanities and technology, but also for those engaged in educational policy, institutional strategy and innovation.” -- Helen Keegan * Times Higher Education *“In this sweeping expansion of the classic innovation literature, Anne Balsamo portrays both the necessity and the challenge of cultivating the technological imagination in all of us. Her experiences as a researcher and designer who has worked across cultural domains—as a humanist in the academy, as a research scientist in an industrial innovation center, and as an entrepreneur in Silicon Valley—give her a unique ability to foster conversations among diverse groups of thinkers who want to engage with issues of culture and technological innovation. Balsamo not only describes ways to take culture seriously in the design of new technologies but also elaborates why it is ethically imperative to do so. Her insights into expanding the traditional considerations of socio-technical design to consider issues of culture are coming at a critical time. This is a great book that should be read by anyone interested in creating new technologies of imagination—for enhancing learning in the twenty-first century and creating expressive cultural platforms for the future.”—John Seely Brown, former Chief Scientist of Xerox Corporation and Director of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)“Balsamo’s passionate concerns with pedagogy, gender equality, and imagining new futures enliven every page... I drew much from Balsamo’s energy and enthusiasm in inviting us to revisit a collection of some of the most ingenious experiments in the history of digital technology—wonderfully original inventions of an extraordinarily creative generation that we have already come to take for granted, or even forgotten.” -- Bonnie Nardi * American Studies *“Designing Culture is a welcome and important intervention into many contemporary approaches to technology, innovation and design that construct technology as a final outcome of a singular imagining, or as a forceful determiner of socio-cultural practices. The book is powerful because of the way Balsamo makes what are crucial and profound interventions seem both obvious and logical. The breadth of topics and examples that she brings to the table to underpin her arguments also demonstrate the pertinence and real need for such a book across a whole set of disciplines, approaches and institutions.” -- Helen Thronham * Culture Machine *Table of ContentsContents of http://designingculture.net/ vii Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: Taking Culture Seriously in the Age of Innovation 1 1. Gendering the Technological Imagination 27 2. The Performance of Innovation 51 3. Public Interactives and the Design of Technological Literacies 95 4. Designing Learning: The University as a Site of Technocultural Innovation 133 Conclusion. The Work of a Book in a Digital Age 185 Notes 199 Bibliography 255 Index 279Women of the World Talk Back: An Interactive Multimedia Documentary (enclosed dvd)

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"...solid ideas for reducing digital dependency." —Publishers Weekly "Will likely prove to be a popular title for the many parents who want to wean their family's device-dependence." —Library Journal "...solid ideas for reducing digital dependency." —Publishers Weekly "With advice on removing televisions from bedrooms and limiting screen time or tablet usage to a couple of hours per week, this is a helpful guide for parents who hope to curb their family's electronic habits." —Foreword Reviews "A digital minimalist’s must-have guide to launching your kids into a life of real connectedness and authenticity." —Joshua Becker, #1 Wall Street Journal bestselling author, Things That Matter "Martinko expertly and urgently takes us deeper into the hidden horrors of too much screen time on the growing child. Then she throws us all a life preserver with the most practical, gentle advice I’ve seen." —Angela Hanscom, author, Balanced and Barefoot: How Unrestricted Outdoor Play Makes for Strong, Confident, and Capable Children "Katherine Martinko makes the case that not only is a screen-free childhood possible, but reducing our children's time on screen is essential for their happiness, sanity, and health. Thoroughly researched and beautifully written, it should be mandatory reading for all parents." —Catherine Price, founder, ScreenLifeBalance.com, author, How to Break Up with Your Phone "The passionate, clear-eyed, and thoroughly practical guide every parent needs to fight the good fight against the excesses of digital today." —David Sax, bestselling author, The Revenge of Analog and The Future is Analog "Truthful and transparent expert information combined with pragmatic and practical advice on how to liberate parents and “unplug” children. A must-read for any parent who wants to bring back the joys of parenting…and the fun of childhood." —Dr. Mari Swingle (R. Psych), author, i-Minds, director, Swingle Clinic "It takes an enormous effort to show our kids the world beyond their screens, but Katherine Martinko teaches us how to get it done in this practical, empathetic, and fascinating new guide." —Michael Harris, author, Solitude and The End of Absence "Martinko provides an in-depth, well-researched guide filled with reflections on her own journey with (but of course mostly without!) screens, and the joy she has experienced from “unplugging.” A useful guide for those keen to begin their own screen-free journey." —Outdoor Play Canada "Martinko has written a must-read for parents struggling with screen time (all of us!). Her well-researched book shows the urgent need to free kids from screens and release them into the outdoors. She offers frazzled parents achievable practical advice rooted in the challenges of parenting today." —Dr. Mariana Brussoni, professor, University of British Columbia, director, Human Early Learning PartnershipTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Foreword by Lenore Skenazy Introduction: The Beautiful Chaos Part I: The Personal and Social Costs of Screens Chapter 1: The Kids Are Not All Right Chapter 2: Amplify, Don't Amputate Part II: How to Take Control of Screens Chapter 3: Begin as You Mean to Go On (Babies & Toddlers) Chapter 4: Freedom to Play (Elementary-Aged Kids) Chapter 5: Grant Freedom, Demand Responsibility (Adolescents) Chapter 6: But Everyone's Doing It Chapter 7: The Parent's Role Chapter 8: School of Screens Further Reading Endnotes Index About the Author About New Society Publishers

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Book SynopsisThis Element presents an alternative eye tracking methodology for investigating translators' web search behaviour as well as a systematic approach to gauging the reasoning behind translators' highly complex and context-dependent interaction with search engines and the Web.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Existing studies; 3. Methodology; 4. Findings and discussion; 5. Conclusion; References.

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Book SynopsisWearable devices are being used by an increasing number of elite-level sports teams to manage and control the health, performance, and productivity of their athletes. Drawing upon a wide range of interdisciplinary resources, Wearable Technology in Elite Sport reveals how wearable devices are used to quantify athletic bodies in ways that have a number of undesirable consequences for the embodied subject. This book identifies some of the problematic consequences of excessive âdataveillanceâ in sport by interrogating the process by which wearable data is produced, represented, and enacted in the governance of athletic behaviour.The book provides a set of conceptual resources for thinking critically about the powerful role played by measurement systems in shaping athletic embodiment. The themes that this book examines include an exploration of how technological devices serve an important disciplinary function in elite sport and how wearable-derived data might act to affectTable of Contents1. Elite sport and the cult of measurement. 2. Datafication and the cultivation of the neoliberal subject. 3. Producing data. 4. Exploring the representation and enactment of wearable data. 5. Sensing data: Navigating an algorithmic world. 6. The social and ethical implications of excessive datafication.

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Book SynopsisAI by Design introduces AI and its importance to our future. Exploring behavioural psychology, economics, and real-life and historical examples, Campbell predicts five future scenarios with AI, orientated around the "Singularity" - the moment when AI exceeds human capabilities, presenting perhaps the biggest challenge to our existence.Trade Review"The book offers a comprehensive discussion of the challenges of AI and begins to discuss ways that we can prevent the worst-case scenarios. This book will help readers to think critically about technology and begin to question the stories they have been told about technology being bad. Instead they can decide to take control, using design and planning to make better technology." --Carol J. Smith, Carnegie Mellon University’s Software Engineering Institute, www.carologic.com"An essential and authoritative overview of the dazzling future of artificial intelligence and a wake-up call to the world to join together to control the development of AI for the benefit—and, possibly, preservation—of humanity." --Blackpool Gazette, 'Must-read of the week', 17 MayTable of ContentsAuthor. Acknowledgement. 1 Sleepwalking into Singularity. 2 AI by Design and the Future-Back Methodology. 3 Should We Be Afraid of the Current State of AI? 4 Current State of AI Governance & Regulation. 5 Current State of AI Ethics. 6 Options for Our Future with AI. 7 Creating a Roadmap – A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence. 8 A New Hope for Artificial Intelligence. Conclusion. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn influential scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) explains its fundamental concepts and how it is changing culture and society.A particular form of AI is now embedded in our tech, our infrastructure, and our lives. How did it get there? Where and why should we be concerned? And what should we do now? The Shortcut: Why Intelligent Machines Do Not Think Like Us provides an accessible yet probing exposure of AI in its prevalent form today, proposing a new narrative to connect and make sense of events that have happened in the recent tumultuous past, and enabling us to think soberly about the road ahead.This book is divided into ten carefully crafted and easily digestible chapters. Each chapter grapples with an important question for AI. Ranging from the scientific concepts that underpin the technology to wider implications for society, it develops a unified description using tools from different disciplines and avoiding unnecessTrade Review"Nello Cristianini’s brilliant book accessibly explains the shortcuts computer scientists took in their search for artificial intelligence, and how the interaction between engineers, companies and consumers created our online world. The shortcuts enabled problems to be solved, but using them on a massive scale also had unintended consequences. One of the most important points of this book is that the feedback loops between humans and AIs are changing us. Another is that the form taken by AI and IT could have been different, and that regulation and scrutiny could make it more compatible with human flourishing. The book tells key stories in the history of AI and big data, and introduces many critical ideas lucidly. The Shortcut is itself an elegant shortcut to understanding."-- James Ladyman, Professor of Philosophy, University of Bristol, President-elect of The British Society for the Philosophy of Science "Nello Cristianini is a prominent AI researcher who has contributed to the field for more than twenty-five years. In this exquisitely written book, rich in anecdotes, he traces the history of AI over that time up to the latest developments. In looking to the future, he takes an unusual but revealing perspective that the present form of AI is a social machine which has effects -- intended and unintended -- on us."--Chris Watkins, Professor of Machine Learning, Royal Holloway, University of London“The writing style is wonderful. Clear, lucid and unfussy. Very readable and very accessible. The first four chapters in particular make accessible the basic difference between rule-based programming and the pattern-based approach of ML techniques. They provide a clear and engaging account of the field's development. These chapters also put forward a persuasive account of the notion of 'intelligence' and distinguish human intelligence from that of other agents - it is very well done, and convincing. The remaining chapters tackle many different applications and consequences of intelligent agents, including unintended harms, social media data harvesting, recommender systems, addiction, manipulation and polarisation, social machines and regulation.”--Karen Yeung, Interdisciplinary Professorial Fellow in Law, Ethics and Informatics, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Law School, UK"Written in a clear and engaging style, this book does not just describe how Artificial Intelligence evolved, it also confronts important questions about the nature of intelligence, our relation with technology, and how we can be affected by it. I really enjoyed being taken on the journey form my previously comfortable analogue world to today’s and tomorrow’s world of living with digital intelligence."--Stafford Lightman, FMedSci, FRS, Professor of Medicine, University of Bristol, UKTable of ContentsABOUT THE AUTHOR. PROLOGUE. 1 The Search for Intelligence. 2 The Shortcut. 3 Finding Order in the World. 4 Lady Lovelace Was Wrong. 5 Unintended Behaviour. 6 Microtargeting and Mass Persuasion. 7 The Feedback Loop. 8 The Glitch. 9 Social Machines. 10 Regulating, Not Unplugging. EPILOGUE. BIBLIOGRAPHY. INDEX.

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Book SynopsisThis collection of essays explores the present and future of digital communication through a range of interdisciplinary approaches, all of which focus on the so-called metaverse. The metaverse is a combination of multiple elements of technology including virtual reality, augmented reality, and video where users live within a digital universe. The vision for this new universe is that its users can work, play, and stay connected with friends through everything. Such a vision is hinted at in existing phenomena such as online game universes.Table of Contents1. Geneses, Evolution and Metafuture, 2. The Metaverse in Communication: Reflections from Neuroscience, 3. New Linguistic Spaces in Cyberculture: The Influence of the Metaverse on the Minifiction of Social Networks, 4. Metaverse and New Narrative: Storyliving in the Age of Metaverse, 5. Customized Metaverse: The Study of Factors Influencing the Use of Humanlike Avatars of Social Media Content Creators in Communication with Their Audience, 6. Metaverse and Diversity, 7. Queering the Metaverse: Queer Approaches to Virtual Reality in Contemporary Art, 8. Film Practices in the Metaverse: Methodological Approach for Prosocial VR Storytelling Creation, 9. Video Game Design: A Blueprint for the Metaverse and Education, 10. Film Production and Architecture Education in the Metaverse, 11. Gone with the Wind: From Virtual Reality to the Metaverse at Film Festivals

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Book SynopsisRational thinking as exemplified in mathematical cognition is immensely important in the modern world. This book documents how a group of three eighth-grade girls developed specific group practices typical of such thinking in an online educational experience. A longitudinal case study tracks the team through eight hour-long sessions, following the students' meaning-making processes through their mutual chat responses preserved in computer logs coordinated with their geometric actions. The examination of data focuses on key areas of the team's development: its effective team collaboration, its productive mathematical discourse, its enacted use of dynamic-geometry tools, and its ability to identify and construct dynamic-geometry dependencies. This detailed study of group cognition serves as a paradigmatic example of computer-supported collaborative learning, incorporating a unique model of human-computer interaction analysis applied to the use of innovative educational technology. A valuable resource for researchers, instructors, and students alike, it offers concrete suggestions for improving educational practice.

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Book SynopsisA timely book containing foundations and current research directions on emotion recognition by facial expression, voice, gesture and biopotential signalsThis book provides a comprehensive examination of the research methodology of different modalities of emotion recognition. Key topics of discussion include facial expression, voice and biopotential signal-based emotion recognition. Special emphasis is given to feature selection, feature reduction, classifier design and multi-modal fusion to improve performance of emotion-classifiers.Written by several experts, the book includes several tools and techniques, including dynamic Bayesian networks, neural nets, hidden Markov model, rough sets, type-2 fuzzy sets, support vector machines and their applications in emotion recognition by different modalities. The book ends with a discussion on emotion recognition in automotive fields to determine stress and anger of the drivers, responsible for degradation of tTable of ContentsPreface xix Acknowledgments xxvii Contributors xxix 1 Introduction to Emotion Recognition 1 Amit Konar, Anisha Halder, and Aruna Chakraborty 1.1 Basics of Pattern Recognition, 1 1.2 Emotion Detection as a Pattern Recognition Problem, 2 1.3 Feature Extraction, 3 1.4 Feature Reduction Techniques, 15 1.5 Emotion Classification, 17 1.6 Multimodal Emotion Recognition, 24 1.7 Stimulus Generation for Emotion Arousal, 24 1.8 Validation Techniques, 26 1.9 Summary, 27 References, 28 Author Biographies, 44 2 Exploiting Dynamic Dependencies Among Action Units for Spontaneous Facial Action Recognition 47 Yan Tong and Qiang Ji 2.1 Introduction, 48 2.2 Related Work, 49 2.3 Modeling the Semantic and Dynamic Relationships Among AUs With a DBN, 50 2.4 Experimental Results, 60 2.5 Conclusion, 64 References, 64 Author Biographies, 66 3 Facial Expressions: A Cross-Cultural Study 69 Chandrani Saha, Washef Ahmed, Soma Mitra, Debasis Mazumdar, and Sushmita Mitra 3.1 Introduction, 69 3.2 Extraction of Facial Regions and Ekman’s Action Units, 71 3.3 Cultural Variation in Occurrence of Different AUs, 76 3.4 Classification Performance Considering Cultural Variability, 79 3.5 Conclusion, 84 References, 84 Author Biographies, 86 4 A Subject-Dependent Facial Expression Recognition System 89 Chuan-Yu Chang and Yan-Chiang Huang 4.1 Introduction, 89 4.2 Proposed Method, 91 4.3 Experiment Result, 103 4.4 Conclusion, 109 Acknowledgment, 110 References, 110 Author Biographies, 112 5 Facial Expression Recognition Using Independent Component Features and Hidden Markov Model 113 Md. Zia Uddin and Tae-Seong Kim 5.1 Introduction, 114 5.2 Methodology, 115 5.3 Experimental Results, 123 5.4 Conclusion, 125 Acknowledgments, 125 References, 126 Author Biographies, 127 6 Feature Selection for Facial Expression Based on Rough Set Theory 129 Yong Yang and Guoyin Wang 6.1 Introduction, 129 6.2 Feature Selection for Emotion Recognition Based on Rough Set Theory, 131 6.3 Experiment Results and Discussion, 137 6.4 Conclusion, 143 Acknowledgments, 143 References, 143 Author Biographies, 145 7 Emotion Recognition from Facial Expressions Using Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 147 Anisha Halder, Amit Konar, Aruna Chakraborty, and Atulya K. Nagar 7.1 Introduction, 148 7.2 Preliminaries on Type-2 Fuzzy Sets, 150 7.3 Uncertainty Management in Fuzzy-Space for Emotion Recognition, 152 7.4 Fuzzy Type-2 Membership Evaluation, 157 7.5 Experimental Details, 161 7.6 Performance Analysis, 167 7.7 Conclusion, 175 References, 176 Author Biographies, 180 8 Emotion Recognition from Non-frontal Facial Images 183 Wenming Zheng, Hao Tang, and Thomas S. Huang 8.1 Introduction, 184 8.2 A Brief Review of Automatic Emotional Expression Recognition, 187 8.3 Databases for Non-frontal Facial Emotion Recognition, 191 8.4 Recent Advances of Emotion Recognition from Non-Frontal Facial Images, 196 8.5 Discussions and Conclusions, 205 Acknowledgments, 206 References, 206 Author Biographies, 211 9 Maximum a Posteriori Based Fusion Method for Speech Emotion Recognition 215 Ling Cen, Zhu Liang Yu, and Wee Ser 9.1 Introduction, 216 9.2 Acoustic Feature Extraction for Emotion Recognition, 219 9.3 Proposed Map-Based Fusion Method, 223 9.4 Experiment, 229 9.5 Conclusion, 232 References, 232 Author Biographies, 234 10 Emotion Recognition in Naturalistic Speech and Language—A Survey 237 Felix Weninger, Martin W¨ollmer, and Björn Schuller 10.1 Introduction, 238 10.2 Tasks and Applications, 239 10.3 Implementation and Evaluation, 244 10.4 Challenges, 253 10.5 Conclusion and Outlook, 257 Acknowledgment, 259 References, 259 Author Biographies, 267 11 EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Using Advanced Signal Processing Techniques 269 Panagiotis C. Petrantonakis and Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis 11.1 Introduction, 270 11.2 Brain Activity and Emotions, 271 11.3 EEG-ER Systems: An Overview, 272 11.4 Emotion Elicitation, 273 11.5 Advanced Signal Processing in EEG-ER, 275 11.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions, 287 References, 289 Author Biographies, 292 12 Frequency Band Localization on Multiple Physiological Signals for Human Emotion Classification Using DWT 295 M. Murugappan 12.1 Introduction, 296 12.2 Related Work, 297 12.3 Research Methodology, 299 12.4 Experimental Results and Discussions, 306 12.5 Conclusion, 310 12.6 Future Work, 310 Acknowledgments, 310 References, 310 Author Biography, 312 13 Toward Affective Brain–Computer Interface: Fundamentals and Analysis of EEG-Based Emotion Classification 315 Yuan-Pin Lin, Tzyy-Ping Jung, Yijun Wang, and Julie Onton 13.1 Introduction, 316 13.2 Materials and Methods, 323 13.3 Results and Discussion, 327 13.4 Conclusion, 332 13.5 Issues and Challenges Toward ABCIs, 332 Acknowledgments, 336 References, 336 Author Biographies, 340 14 Bodily Expression for Automatic Affect Recognition 343 Hatice Gunes, Caifeng Shan, Shizhi Chen, and YingLi Tian 14.1 Introduction, 344 14.2 Background and Related Work, 345 14.3 Creating a Database of Facial and Bodily Expressions: The FABO Database, 353 14.4 Automatic Recognition of Affect from Bodily Expressions, 356 14.5 Automatic Recognition of Bodily Expression Temporal Dynamics, 361 14.6 Discussion and Outlook, 367 14.7 Conclusions, 369 Acknowledgments, 370 References, 370 Author Biographies, 375 15 Building a Robust System for Multimodal Emotion Recognition 379 Johannes Wagner, Florian Lingenfelser, and Elisabeth André 15.1 Introduction, 380 15.2 Related Work, 381 15.3 The Callas Expressivity Corpus, 382 15.4 Methodology, 386 15.5 Multisensor Data Fusion, 390 15.6 Experiments, 395 15.7 Online Recognition System, 399 15.8 Conclusion, 403 Acknowledgment, 404 References, 404 Author Biographies, 410 16 Semantic Audiovisual Data Fusion for Automatic Emotion Recognition 411 Dragos Datcu and Leon J. M. Rothkrantz 16.1 Introduction, 412 16.2 Related Work, 413 16.3 Data Set Preparation, 416 16.4 Architecture, 418 16.5 Results, 431 16.6 Conclusion, 432 References, 432 Author Biographies, 434 17 A Multilevel Fusion Approach for Audiovisual Emotion Recognition 437 Girija Chetty, Michael Wagner, and Roland Goecke 17.1 Introduction, 437 17.2 Motivation and Background, 438 17.3 Facial Expression Quantification, 440 17.4 Experiment Design, 444 17.5 Experimental Results and Discussion, 450 17.6 Conclusion, 456 References, 456 Author Biographies, 459 18 From a Discrete Perspective of Emotions to Continuous, Dynamic, and Multimodal Affect Sensing 461 Isabelle Hupont, Sergio Ballano, Eva Cerezo, and Sandra Baldassarri 18.1 Introduction, 462 18.2 A Novel Method for Discrete Emotional Classification of Facial Images, 465 18.3 A 2D Emotional Space for Continuous and Dynamic Facial Affect Sensing, 469 18.4 Expansion to Multimodal Affect Sensing, 474 18.5 Building Tools That Care, 479 18.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Work, 486 Acknowledgments, 488 References, 488 Author Biographies, 491 19 Audiovisual Emotion Recognition Using Semi-Coupled Hidden Markov Model with State-Based Alignment Strategy 493 Chung-Hsien Wu, Jen-Chun Lin, and Wen-Li Wei 19.1 Introduction, 494 19.2 Feature Extraction, 495 19.3 Semi-Coupled Hidden Markov Model, 500 19.4 Experiments, 504 19.5 Conclusion, 508 References, 509 Author Biographies, 512 20 Emotion Recognition in Car Industry 515 Christos D. Katsis, George Rigas, Yorgos Goletsis, and Dimitrios I. Fotiadis 20.1 Introduction, 516 20.2 An Overview of Application for the Car Industry, 517 20.3 Modality-Based Categorization, 517 20.4 Emotion-Based Categorization, 520 20.5 Two Exemplar Cases, 523 20.6 Open Issues and Future Steps, 536 20.7 Conclusion, 537 References, 537 Author Biographies, 543 Index 545

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Book SynopsisLearn to identify the social engineer by non-verbal behavior Unmasking the Social Engineer: The Human Element of Security focuses on combining the science of understanding non-verbal communications with the knowledge of how social engineers, scam artists and con men use these skills to build feelings of trust and rapport in their targets.Table of ContentsForeword xv Acknowledgments and Preface xvii Introduction xxi I Building the Foundation 1 1 What Is Nonverbal Communication? 3 The Different Aspects of Nonverbal Communication 8 Kinesics 9 Proxemics 13 Touch 14 Eye Contact 15 Olfactics 16 Adornment 17 Facial Expressions 19 How to Use This Information 20 Summary 23 2 What Is Social Engineering? 25 Information Gathering 28 Pretexting 29 Elicitation 30 Rapport 30 Influence/Manipulation 32 Framing 33 Nonverbal Communications 34 The Three Basic Forms of Social Engineering 34 Become Phishers of Men 35 When The Phone Is More Dangerous Than Malware 39 I Am Not the Social Engineer You Are Looking For 43 Using Social Engineering Skills 45 The Good 46 The Bad 47 The Ugly 48 Summary 48 II Decoding the Language of the Body 51 3 Understanding the Language of the Hands 53 Communicating with Your Hands 55 Origin 57 Coding 57 Usage 58 High-Confidence Hand Displays 66 Low-Confidence and Stress Hand Displays 75 Getting a Handle on the Hands 78 Summary 79 4 The Torso, Legs, and Feet 81 Legs and Feet 83 Torso and Arms 89 Summary 97 5 The Science Behind the Face 99 Just the FACS 103 What Is a Truth Wizard? 105 Emotions versus Feelings 108 Fear 109 Surprise 113 Sadness 116 Contempt 121 Disgust 125 Anger 128 Happiness 132 Perfect Practice Makes Perfect 136 Summary 137 6 Understanding Nonverbal Displays of Comfort and Discomfort 139 Neck and Face Pacifying 143 What to Watch For 144 Mouth Covers 146 What to Watch For 147 Lips 147 What to Watch For 151 Eye Blocking 153 What to Watch For 154 Self-Comforting and Head Tilts 154 What to Watch For 157 Summary 158 III Deciphering the Science 159 7 The Human Emotional Processor 161 Introducing the Amygdala 164 How the Amygdala Processes Information 165 Hijacking the Amygdala 167 Human See, Human Do 169 Reading Other People’s Expressions 170 Your Own Emotional Content 171 Nonverbal Social Proof 171 Using Amygdala Hijacking as a Social Engineer 172 Summary 174 8 The Nonverbal Side of Elicitation 177 Artificial Time Constraints 181 Sympathy/Assistance Themes 182 Ego Suspension 184 Ask How, When, and Why Questions 186 Conversational Signals 187 Action Unit 1: Inner Brow Raiser 188 Action Unit 2: Outer Brow Raiser 188 Action Unit 4: Brow Lowerer 189 Conversational Signals of Emotions 190 Breaking Down Conversational Signals 191 Batons 191 Underliner r 192 Punctuation 192 Question Mark 193 Word Search 193 Nonverbal Conversational Signals 193 Conversational Signals as a Social Engineer 195 Summary 196 IV Putting It All Together 197 9 Nonverbal Communication and the Social Engineer Human Being 199 Applying This Information as a Professional Social Engineer 202 Using This Book to Defend 206 Becoming a Critical Thinker 207 Summary 210 Index 213

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Book SynopsisThe essential interaction design guide, fully revised and updated for the mobile age About Face: The Essentials of Interaction Design, Fourth Edition is the latest update to the book that shaped and evolved the landscape of interaction design.Table of ContentsForeword xv Introduction xix Part I: Goal-Directed Design 1 Ch 1: A Design Process for Digital Products 3 The Consequences of Poor Product Behavior 4 Why Digital Products Fail 6 Planning and Designing Product Behavior 10 Recognizing User Goals 13 Implementation Models and Mental Models 16 An Overview of Goal-Directed Design 21 Ch 2: Understanding the Problem: Design Research 31 Qualitative versus Quantitative Data in Design Research 32 Goal-Directed Design Research 36 Interviewing and Observing Users 44 Other Types of Qualitative Research 56 Research is Critical to Good Design 59 Ch 3: Modeling Users: Personas and Goals 61 Why Model? 61 The Power of Personas 62 Why Personas Are Effective 66 Understanding Goals 72 Constructing Personas 81 Personas in Practice 93 Other Design Models 98 Ch 4: Setting the Vision: Scenarios and Design Requirements 101 Bridging the Research-Design Gap 101 Scenarios: Narrative as a Design Tool 102 Design Requirements: The “What” of Interaction 106 The Requirements Definition Process 109 Ch 5: Designing the Product: Framework and Refinement 119 Creating the Design Framework 119 Refining the Form and Behavior 137 Validating and Testing the Design 139 Ch 6: Creative Teamwork 145 Small, Focused Teams 146 Thinking Better, Together 146 Working across Design Disciplines 153 The Extended Team 155 Establishing a Creative Culture 161 Identifying Skill Levels in Designers 162 Collaboration is the Key 163 Part II: Making Well-Behaved Products 165 Ch 7: A Basis for Good Product Behavior 167 Design Values 167 Interaction Design Principles 173 Interaction Design Patterns 174 Ch 8: Digital Etiquette 179 Designing Considerate Products 180 Designing Smart Products 190 Designing Social Products 199 Ch 9: Platform and Posture 205 Product Platforms 205 Product Postures 206 Postures for the Desktop 207 Postures for the Web 218 Postures for Mobile Devices 225 Postures for Other Platforms 230 Give Your Apps Good Posture 235 Ch 10: Optimizing for Intermediates 237 Perpetual Intermediates 238 Inflecting the Interface 240 Designing for Three Levels of Experience 243 Ch 11: Orchestration and Flow 249 Flow and Transparency 249 Orchestration 250 Harmonious Interactions 251 Motion, Timing, and Transitions 266 The Ideal of Effortlessness 269 Ch 12: Reducing Work and Eliminating Excise 271 Goal-Directed Tasks versus Excise Tasks 272 Types of Excise 273 Excise is Contextual 285 Eliminating Excise 285 Other Common Excise Traps 297 Ch 13: Metaphors, Idioms, and Affordances 299 Interface Paradigms 300 Building Idioms 310 Manual Affordances 312 Direct Manipulation and Pliancy 315 Escape the Grip of Metaphor 322 Ch 14: Rethinking Data Entry, Storage, and Retrieval 325 Rethinking Data Entry 326 Rethinking Data Storage 332 Rethinking Data Retrieval 345 Ch 15: Preventing Errors and Informing Decisions 357 Using Rich Modeless Feedback 358 Undo, Redo, and Reversible Histories 363 What If: Compare and Preview 376 Ch 16: Designing for Different Needs 379 Learnability and Help 379 Customizability 395 Localization and Globalization 398 Accessibility 399 Ch 17: Integrating Visual Design 405 Visual Art and Visual Design 405 The Elements of Visual Interface Design 406 Visual Interface Design Principles 411 Visual Information Design Principles 425 Consistency and Standards 428 Part III: Interaction Details 433 Ch 18: Designing for the Desktop 435 Anatomy of a Desktop App 436 Windows on the Desktop 439 Menus 448 Toolbars, Palettes, and Sidebars 455 Pointing, Selection, and Direct Manipulation 465 Ch 19: Designing for Mobile and Other Devices 507 Anatomy of a Mobile App 508 Mobile Navigation, Content, and Control Idioms 518 Multi-Touch Gestures 550 Inter-App Integration 553 Other Devices 555 Ch 20: Designing for the Web 569 Page-Based interactions 571 The Mobile Web 585 The Future 587 Ch 21: Design Details: Controls and Dialogs 589 Controls 589 Dialogs 625 Eliminating Errors, Alerts, and Confirmations 641 The Devil is in the Details 653 Appendix A: Design Principles 655 Appendix B: Bibliography 661 Index 667

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Book Synopsis1 Introduction.- 2 Historical Background.- 3 Time & Time-Oriented Data.- 4 Crafting Visualizations of Time-Oriented Data.- 5 Involving the Human via Interaction.- 6 Computational Analysis Support.- 7 Guiding the Selection of Visualization Techniques.- 8 Conclusion.Table of ContentsForeword.- Preface.- About the Authors.- Acknowledgements.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Historical Background.- 3 Time & Time-Oriented Data.- 4 Crafting Visualizations of Time-Oriented Data.- 5 Involving the Human via Interaction.- 6 Computational Analysis Support.- 7 Guiding the Selection of Visualization Techniques.- 8 Conclusion. Appendix A: Survey of Visualization Techniques.- Appendix B: Examples of Data Quality Issues.- References.- Index

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Book SynopsisEnter the exciting intersection of technology and fashion known as wearable computing. Learn about the future of electronics in clothing and textiles, and be a part of creating that future! Crafting Wearables begins with the history of the field, then covers current practices and future trends. You will gain deeper insight into the strategy behind the design of wearable devices while learning about the tools and materials needed to start your own wearables toolbox.In a time when consumer electronics are becoming smaller and seamlessly integrated into our lives, it is important to understand how technology can improve and augment your lifestyle. Wearables are in a sense the most organic and natural interface we can design, yet there is still doubt about how quickly wearable technologies will become the cultural norm. Furthermore, skills that have become less valuable over the years, such as sewing, are making a return with the wearablesTable of ContentsIntroductionPart I: What Are Wearables?1. A Brief History of Wearables2. Wearable FictionsPart II: Methods and Techniques3. From Textiles to Wearables4. Cutting and Sewing5. Making Electronics Sewable6. Soft Circuits7. Materials that Matter8. Digital Design for Wearables9. Digital Fabrication for Wearables10. Designing for the Body, On the BodyPart III: Fashion and Product11. Wearable Wellness12. Beauty Tech13. Superhumans and Cyborgs14. Activated Garments15. Wearable Costumes16. Speculations of Wearable Futures17. Looking into the FuturePart IV AppendixA. Cyborg "Fingercaps" and Resources

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Book SynopsisLearn how to develop portable GUI programs to run on multiple operating systems. Revised and updated from the popular original, with a full set of new examples in Python and using PyGTK, this book provides all the information you'll need to write easy or complex GUI applications, offering one source of knowledge and best practices for user interface creation. Foundations of PyGTK Developmentpresents numerous real-life examples that you can immediately put to use in your own applications. It begins with an overview of key topics such as widget choice, placement, and behavior, before moving on to more advanced issues. Building on your familiarity with Python, the book delves into new topics such as object inheritance early on to allow for a complete understanding of code examples later.What You'll LearnWork with layout containers including boxes, tables, grid, and panesUse the Application and ApplicationWindow classes as the base for your PyGTK applicationManage dialogs to give generTable of ContentsFoundations of PyGTK Development1. Getting Started 2. The Application and ApplicationWindow Classes 3. Some Simple PyGTK Applications 4. Containers 5. Basic Widgets 6. Dialogs 7. Text View Widget 8. Tree View Widget 9. Menus and Toolbars 10. Dynamic User Interfaces 11. Custom Widgets 12. More_ PyGTK _Widgets 13. Integrating Everything

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Book SynopsisUse digital experience platforms (DXP) to improve your development productivity and release timelines. Leverage the pre-integrated feature sets of DXPs in your organization''s digital transformation journey to quickly develop a personalized, secure, and robust enterprise platform.In this book the authors examine various features of DXPs and provide rich insights into building each layer in a digital platform. Proven best practices are presented with examples for designing and building layers. A special focus is provided on security and quality attributes needed for business-critical enterprise applications. The authors cover modern and emerging digital trends such as Blockchain, IoT, containers, chatbots, artificial intelligence, and more.The book is divided into five parts related to requirements/design, development, security, infrastructure, and case study. The authors employ proven real-world methods, best practices, and security and integration techniques derived fTable of ContentsPart 1: Requirements and Design.- Chapter 1: Introduction to Digital Experience Platforms (DXP).- Chapter 2: Gathering Requirements.- Chapter 3: Design.- Part 2: Development of the Banking Experience Platform.- Chapter 4: User Interface Design.- Chapter 5: Designing Integration Layer.- Part 3: Securing Banking Experience Platform.- Chapter 6: DXP Security.- Chapter 7: DXP Information Security.- Part 4: Infrastructure and NFR for Banking Experience Platform.- Chapter 8: Quality Attributes and Sizing of DXP.- Chapter 9: DXP Performance Optimization.- Chapter 10: Transforming Legacy Banking Applications to Banking Experience Platforms.- Part 5: End to End Case Study.- Chapter 11: End-to-End DXP Case Study.- Appendix A: Open-Source Tools and Frameworks.- Appendix B: Source Code.- Appendix C: Further Reading.-

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Book SynopsisMake designing and developing accessible websites fun and straightforward by deciphering information that is often confusing. This book examines how web professionals can ensure a website is as accessible as it can be, meeting the needs of its audience. The main focus is on web accessibility and, WCAG 2.1 and 2.2 guidelines: what they are, who they are for, and what can be done from a design point of view to make the lives of the users easier. In reviewing the fundamentals, emphasis will be given on what disabilities could potentially prevent users from getting the information they need and what can be done to help them. This is achieved by breaking down web design and development terms and practices, such as web accessibility, color contrast, typography, how to design specific components like carousels, forms, and so on.  Each chapter features design examples presented in a clear and concise manner. Each design element is divided into differenTable of ContentsA11Y UnraveledChapter 1: When the amazon was nothing but a riverChapter 2: Be a designer they said. It'll be fun they said Chapter 3: One standard at a time Chapter 4: How do people perceive content? Chapter 5: Tell me what to do! Designing for users with disabilities Chapter 6: How do I know I'm doing it right? Chapter 7: But do I have to? Chapter 8: What is usability? Chapter 9: Accessibility and usability. A love affair Chapter 10: Who are we designing for? Chapter 11: You can't tell me what to do. I'm an adult!Chapter 12: Now you see me, now you don't Chapter 13: Click me like you mean it

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Book SynopsisWritten as an illustrated, step-by-step guide for beginners, this book will introduce you to HTML and CSS with lab exercises and examples of code. You''ll begin by setting up the development environment such as local web server and html editor. The next few chapters cover web servers, the basics of HTML such as language syntax, tags, and how to write a program. Next, you''ll learn how to put together simple web pages demonstrating how the code works and how to use various HTML tags and CSS to style the pages. Finally, the use of CMS to build websites such as Drupal and WordPress and how HTML and CSS fits in. At the end there are reference libraries for both HTML tags and CSS.The Absolute Beginners Guide to HTML and CSS provides you with the tools, confidence, and inspiration to start building web pages and websites. If you are a programmer, developer or a student, or just someone who wants to learn on their own, this book is for you.What You''ll Learn<Table of Contents1) What is HTML? Structure of an HTML File HTML Element Structure Hypertext Where are the HTML Files Stored? HTML 5 What is CSS? What is a URL? Web Servers Development Tools 2) Getting Started with HTML Setting Up Tags for Formatting Text Headings Paragraphs Bold Text Italic Text Adding Images Understanding Images Dimensions Image Alignment Adding Tables Adding Links Using Images as Links Adding Lists Unordered List Ordered List Creating Forms Input Types Text Fields Text Area Radio Buttons Select Lists Labels Submission Method 3) Adding Multimedia Adding Video Adding Audio Adding Image Maps 4) Inline HTML Styles Adding Color Background Color Text Color Fonts 5) Cascading Style Sheets CSS Files CSS Syntax Type/Element Selector Class Selector ID Selector Styling Text Styling Layouts Block vs Inline Elements Floating & Cleared Elements 6) Adding Structure Designing a Layout Styling the Structure with CSS Styles Building your Text Styles Building the HTML Page 7) CMS Systems What are they How do they work Connecting to Databases WordPress 8) HTML Color Codes 9) HTML Tag Reference Library Basic Structure Text Formatting Links Lists Multimedia Tables Forms 10) CSS Property Reference Library 11) Common Web Fonts Web Safe Fonts Google Fonts 12) Common Web Measurements Relative Lengths Absolute Lengths

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Book SynopsisWith this full color practical book, you'll learn how to design effective microinteractions: the small details that exist inside and around features. How can users change a setting, or know they have a new email message? You'll quickly discover how microinteractions can change a product from one that's tolerated into one that's treasured

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Book SynopsisHuman Computer Interaction is used in all areas of our daily lives as a result of the rapid development of technology and computer systems. Human Computer Interaction is an interdisciplinary field of study involving the design and implementation of interactive technologies. The field of Human Computer Interaction is related to many areas such as human behavior, psychology, cognitive sciences, computer technologies, software engineering, ergonomics, graphic / industrial design, sociology and educational sciences. Researchers of this subject both observe the interaction of people with computers and design different technologies and examine the interaction of people with these technologies. The Human Computer Interaction system has four main components: user, task, tool, context. Human Computer Interaction aims to develop interactive technologies through design, evaluation and implementation processes. The development of interactive technologies depends on usability. Usability can be determined by evaluating effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction together. Effectiveness includes how much users can accomplish the tasks they are expected to do using the application; efficiency, how long the user has done the job; Satisfaction refers to the measure of the user's ideas when using the application. One of the major shortcomings in HCI is the transformation of theoretical knowledge into practice. The purpose of the book is to introduce students, teachers, researchers, and practitioners to new advances in HCI. The book includes theoretical and practical studies prepared with the academic contributions of scientists working in different fields. It was decided to publish each chapter in the book after being examined by the scientific board. As an editor, my duty is to ensure breadth, while the chapter authors treat the delegated chapters with depth. The book is designed for practitioners or researchers of all levels of expertise from novice to expert. Each of the book's individual topics could be considered as a compact, self-contained mini-book right under its title. The approach is to provide a framework and a set of techniques for evaluating and improving HCI. It presents a specific set of solutions, mostly obtained from real world projects and experimental studies, for routine applications. It further highlights promising emerging techniques for research and exploration opportunities. The development team of this book wanted to thank their colleagues who made contributions to this book by providing continuous encouragements and thorough reviews of the chapters of the book.

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Book SynopsisIn the tradition of classics such as Lives of the Cell by Lewis Thomas, a bold reframing of our relationship with technology into one that is more positive and human centered.In the digital world, code is the essential primary building block, the equivalent of the cell or DNA in the biological sphere-and almost as mysterious. Code can create entire worlds, real and virtual; it allows us to connect instantly to people and places around the globe; and it performs tasks that were once only possible in science fiction. It is a superpower, and not just in a technical sense. It is also a gateway to ideas. As vividly illustrated by Samuel Arbesman, it is the ultimate connector, providing new insight and meaning into how everything from language and mythology to biblical texts, biology, even our patterns of thought connect with the history and nature of computing.While the building block of code can be used for many wondrous things it can also create deeper wedges in our society and be weaponized to cause damage to our planet or our civilization. Code and computing are too important to be left to the tech community; it is essential that each of us engage with it. And we fail to understand it at our peril.By providing us with a framework to think about coding and its effects upon the world and placing the past, current, and future developments in computing into its broader setting we see how software and computers can work for people as opposed to against our needs. With this deeper understanding into the why of coding we can be masters of technology rather than its victims.

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Book SynopsisHow the autonomous digital forces jolting our lives - as uncontrollable as the weather and plate tectonics - are transforming life, society, culture, and politics.David Auerbach's exploration of the phenomenon he has identified as the meganet begins with a simple, startling revelation: There is no hand on the tiller of some of the largest global digital forces that influence our daily lives: from corporate sites such as Facebook, Amazon, Google, YouTube, Instagram, and Reddit to the burgeoning metaverse encompassing cryptocurrencies and online gaming to government systems such as China's Social Credit System and India's Aadhaar.As we increasingly integrate our society, culture and politics within a hyper-networked fabric, Auerbach explains how the interactions of billions of people with unfathomably large online networks have produced a new sort of beast: ever-changing systems that operate beyond the control of the individuals, companies, and governments that created them.Meganets, Auerbach explains, have a life of their own, actively resisting attempts to control them as they accumulate data and produce spontaneous, unexpected social groups and uprisings that could not have even existed twenty years ago. And they constantly modify themselves in response to user behavior, resulting in collectively authored algorithms none of us intend or control. These enormous invisible organisms exerting great force on our lives are the new minds of the world, increasingly commandeering our daily lives and inner realities.Auerbach's analysis of these gargantuan opaque digital forces yield important insights such as:- The conventional wisdom that the Googles and Facebook of this world are tightly run algorithmic entities is a myth. No one is really in control.- The efforts at reform - to get lies and misinformation off meganets - run into a brick wall because the companies and executives who run them are trapped by the persistent, evolving, and opaque systems they have created.- Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are uncontrollable and their embrace by elite financial institutions threatens the entire economy- We are asking the wrong questions in assuming that if only the Facebooks of this world could be better regulated or broken up that they would be better, more ethical citizens- Why questions such as making algorithms fair and bias-free and whether AI can be a tool for good or evil are wrong and misinformedAuerbach then comes full circle, showing that while we cannot ultimately control meganets we can tame them through the counterintuitive measures he describes in detail.

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Book SynopsisCan computers change what you think and do? Can they motivate you to stop smoking, persuade you to buy insurance, or convince you to join the Army? "Yes, they can," says Dr. B.J. Fogg, director of the Persuasive Technology Lab at Stanford University. Fogg has coined the phrase "Captology"(an acronym for computers as persuasive technologies) to capture the domain of research, design, and applications of persuasive computers.In this thought-provoking book, based on nine years of research in captology, Dr. Fogg reveals how Web sites, software applications, and mobile devices can be used to change people's attitudes and behavior. Technology designers, marketers, researchers, consumers—anyone who wants to leverage or simply understand the persuasive power of interactive technology—will appreciate the compelling insights and illuminating examples found inside. Persuasive technology can be controversial—and it should be. Who will wield this power of digital influence? And to what end? Now is the time to survey the issues and explore the principles of persuasive technology, and B.J. Fogg has written this book to be your guide.Trade Review"It is rare for books to define a new discipline or fundamentally change how we think about technology and our jobs. This book does all of this. You MUST read this book, whether to grow your business or to teach your children how to overcome manipulation." --Jakob Nielsen, Principal, Nielsen Norman Group"Today's technology is used to change attitudes and behavior. This powerful, yet easy-to-read book addresses the issues critically, with insight, and in depth. B.J. Fogg has created an important new discipline, one that is of vital importance to everyone." --Donald A. Norman, Northwestern University, Co-founder, The Nielsen Norman Group"Any medium has the potential to do great good or harm. Learn how to use design to intervene and make our interaction with technology more humane. A must read for those who are serious about designing the future." --Clement Mok, Designer and CEO of CMCDTable of ContentsForeword by Philip Zimbardo, Ph.DPrefaceIntroduction: Persuasion in the Digital AgeChapter 1: Overview of Captology Chapter 2: The Functional Triad: Computers in Persuasive RolesChapter 3: Computers as Persuasive ToolsChapter 4: Computers as Persuasive Media: SimulationChapter 5: Computers as Persuasive Social ActorsCbapter 6: Credibility and ComputersChapter 7: Credibility and the World Wide WebChapter 8: Increasing Persuasion Through Mobility and ConnectivityChapter 9: The Ethics of Persuasive TechnologyChapter 10: Captology: Looking ForwardAppendix: Summary of PrinciplesFigure CreditsIndexAbout the Author

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Book SynopsisForms that Work: Designing Web Forms for Usability clearly explains exactly how to design great forms for the web. The book provides proven and practical advice that will help you avoid pitfalls, and produce forms that are aesthetically pleasing, efficient and cost-effective. It features invaluable design methods, tips, and tricks to help ensure accurate data and satisfied customers. It includes dozens of examples - from nitty-gritty details (label alignment, mandatory fields) to visual designs (creating good grids, use of color). This book isn’t just about colons and choosing the right widgets. It’s about the whole process of making good forms, which has a lot more to do with making sure you’re asking the right questions in a way that your users can answer than it does with whether you use a drop-down list or radio buttons. In an easy-to-read format with lots of examples, the authors present their three-layer model - relationship, conversation, appearance. You need all three for a successful form - a form that looks good, flows well, asks the right questions in the right way, and, most important of all, gets people to fill it out. Liberally illustrated with full-color examples, this book guides readers on how to define requirements, how to write questions that users will understand and want to answer, and how to deal with instructions, progress indicators and errors. This book is essential reading for HCI professionals, web designers, software developers, user interface designers, HCI academics and students, market research professionals, and financial professionals.Trade Review“The humble form: it may seem boring, but most of your website’s value passes through forms. Follow Jarrett & Gaffney’s guidelines, and you’ll probably double your online profits.” --Jakob Nielsen, Principal, Nielsen Norman Group “This book isn’t just about colons and choosing the right widgets. It’s about the whole process of making good forms, which has a lot more to do with making sure you’re asking the right questions in a way that your users can answer than it does with whether you use a drop-down list or radio buttons.” --Steve Krug, Foreword author and author of the best selling Don’t Make me Think “If your web site includes forms, you need this book. It's that simple. In an easy-to-read format with lots of examples, Caroline and Gerry present their three-layer model -- relationship, conversation, appearance. You need all three for a successful form -- a form that looks good, flows well, asks the right questions in the right way, and, most important of all, gets people to fill it out.” --Janice (Ginny) Redish, author of Letting Go of the Words -- Writing Web Content that WorksTable of ContentsIntroduction: What is a form? What is a form? 1. Persuading people to answer Pick the right moment to ask a question Think about relationship question by question Follow three rules that that influence response rates Think about who will answer your questions Summary Interlude: Registration forms: rules and suggestions 2. Gathering the right information Find out why you need the information Check if your organization already holds the information Find out what others ask for Summary: only ask for information that you need Case study: conference registration form 3. Making questions easy to answer How questions work Make it easy to understand the question Make it easy to find the answer Judging the answer: avoiding privacy errors Placing the answer: avoiding category errors Summary: writing questions Case study: avoiding choice points 4. Writing instructions Writing instructions Rewriting instructions in plain language Cut the instructions that aren't needed Move the instructions to where they are needed A before- and after- example Summary: Writing instructions Interlude: help for forms 5. Choosing between drop-downs and other controls Picking controls for your forms How users expect controls to work Use these six questions to choose the right control Specialist controls may help Think about the form as a whole Summary: Providing the answer Interlude: names and addresses 6. Making the form flow easily Make the form flow easily Use progress indicators Avoid surprising users with sudden changes Be gentle with errors Say ‘thanks’ to close the conversation Conversational flow – summary Interlude: why we hate pop-ups 7. Taking care of the details Taking care of the details Where to put the labels compared to the fields Colons at the end of labels? Sentence or title case for labels? How to indicate required fields Choosing legible text: fonts and words Summary Interlude: serif or sans-serif 8. Making the form look easy What makes a form look good Make sure users know who you are: logos and branding Make your form look tidy with grids Make it look organized with grouping Avoid two-column forms Summary Case study: an appearance makeover 9. Testing (the best bit) We're passionate about usability testing How to do really good usability testing of forms Final message from this book Appendices Suggestions for further reading References Acknowledgements

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents the latest findings on human values - including accountability, privacy, autonomy, and respect for person - with relation to the computer systems that we build and how we choose to use them.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on their expertise in geography, political science, international relations, and communication studies, McDowell, Steinberg, and Tomasello investigate specific policy problems encountered as international organizations, corporations, and individual users try to "manage" a space that simultaneously contradicts and supports existing institutions and systems of governance, identity, and technology.Trade Review"Accessible and welcoming. The theoretical underpinnings are clearly explicated, and strong. The book will be particularly useful as an introductory text in classes on globalization and information technology for those in the first two years of their undergraduate studies." Sandra Braman, University of Wisconsin "The main strength of this book is its strong theoretical framework... Managing the Infosphere will prove useful as a foundational text for anyone who wants to explore deeply how governance, cultural practices and technology shape and territorialize the space of information - and sometimes the other way around."- Spring 2009 issue of Global Media Journal "The book's strength lies in its cogent look at the space that hosts the virtual in order to help users understand mobile technologies--whether in applications of communication, tourism, or institution... What is particularly impressive in this work is the authors' depth of analysis despite handling so many and varied concepts... Managing the Infosphere is a stimulating book." Journalism & Mass Communication, Spring 2009 "The authors do admirably in taking a difficult and fluid topic and discussing it in such a way you can readily make sense of it... Like any good scholarly work, this [book] offers no solutions, only cautions and insights. In that sense, Managing the Infosphere may prove a valuable work for scholars and researchers looking for light to help them forge the way ahead."-Technical Communication, May 2009Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Chapter 1: Managing the Infosphere Chapter 2: Managing Technological Change Chapter 3: Scales of Governance, Governance of ScalesChapter 4: Communication Technology, Mobility, and Cultural ConsumptionChapter 5: Internet Names, Semiotics, and Alternative Spaces of GovernanceChapter 6: Fixity, Mobility, and the Governance of Internet NamesChapter 7: The Infosphere: A World of Places, an Ocean of Information or a Special Administrative Region?References

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Book SynopsisDrawing on their expertise in geography, political science, international relations, and communication studies, McDowell, Steinberg, and Tomasello investigate specific policy problems encountered as international organizations, corporations, and individual users try to "manage" a space that simultaneously contradicts and supports existing institutions and systems of governance, identity, and technology.Trade Review"Accessible and welcoming. The theoretical underpinnings are clearly explicated, and strong. The book will be particularly useful as an introductory text in classes on globalization and information technology for those in the first two years of their undergraduate studies." Sandra Braman, University of Wisconsin "The main strength of this book is its strong theoretical framework... Managing the Infosphere will prove useful as a foundational text for anyone who wants to explore deeply how governance, cultural practices and technology shape and territorialize the space of information - and sometimes the other way around."- Spring 2009 issue of Global Media Journal "The book's strength lies in its cogent look at the space that hosts the virtual in order to help users understand mobile technologies--whether in applications of communication, tourism, or institution... What is particularly impressive in this work is the authors' depth of analysis despite handling so many and varied concepts... Managing the Infosphere is a stimulating book." Journalism & Mass Communication, Spring 2009 "The authors do admirably in taking a difficult and fluid topic and discussing it in such a way you can readily make sense of it... Like any good scholarly work, this [book] offers no solutions, only cautions and insights. In that sense, Managing the Infosphere may prove a valuable work for scholars and researchers looking for light to help them forge the way ahead."-Technical Communication, May 2009Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Chapter 1: Managing the Infosphere Chapter 2: Managing Technological Change Chapter 3: Scales of Governance, Governance of ScalesChapter 4: Communication Technology, Mobility, and Cultural ConsumptionChapter 5: Internet Names, Semiotics, and Alternative Spaces of GovernanceChapter 6: Fixity, Mobility, and the Governance of Internet NamesChapter 7: The Infosphere: A World of Places, an Ocean of Information or a Special Administrative Region?References

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Book SynopsisWe live in an ""information age,"" but information is only useful when it is interpreted by people and applied in the context of their goals and activities. The volume of information to which people have access is growing at an incredible rate, vastly outstripping people's ability to assimilate and manage it. In order to design technologies that better support information work, it is necessary to better understand the details of that work. In this lecture, we review the situations (physical, social and temporal) in which people interact with information. We also discuss how people interact with information in terms of an ""information journey,"" in which people, iteratively, do the following: recognise a need for information, find information, interpret and evaluate that information in the context of their goals, and use the interpretation to support their broader activities. People's information needs may be explicit and clearly articulated but, conversely, may be tacit, exploratory and evolving. Widely used tools supporting information access, such as searching on the Web and in digital libraries, support clearly defined information requirements well, but they provide limited support for other information needs. Most other stages of the information journey are poorly supported at present. Novel design solutions are unlikely to be purely digital, but to exploit the rich variety of information resources, digital, physical and social, that are available. Theories of information interaction and sensemaking can highlight new design possibilities that augment human capabilities. We review relevant theories and findings for understanding information behaviours, and we review methods for evaluating information working tools, to both assess existing tools and identify requirements for the future.Table of Contents Introduction: Pervasive Information Interactions Background: Information Interaction at the Crossroads of Research Traditions The Situations: Physical, Social and Temporal The Behaviors: Understanding the ""Information Journey"" The Technologies: Supporting the Information Journey Studying User Behaviors and Needs for Information Interaction Looking to the Future Further Reading

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Book SynopsisMost machine learning systems that are deployed in the world today learn from human feedback. However, most machine learning courses focus almost exclusively on the algorithms, not the human-computer interaction part of the systems. This can leave a big knowledge gap for data scientists working in real-world machine learning, where data scientists spend more time on data management than on building algorithms. Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning is a practical guide to optimizing the entire machine learning process, including techniques for annotation, active learning, transfer learning, and using machine learning to optimize every step of the process. Key Features · Active Learning to sample the right data for humans to annotate · Annotation strategies to provide the optimal interface for human feedback · Supervised machine learning design and query strategies to support Human-in-the-Loop systems · Advanced Adaptive Learning approaches · Real-world use cases from well-known data scientists For software developers and data scientists with some basic Machine Learning experience. About the technology “Human-in-the-Loop machine learning” refers to the need for human interaction with machine learning systems to improve human performance, machine performance, or both. Ongoing human involvement with the right interfaces expedites the efficient labeling of tricky or novel data that a machine can’t process, reducing the potential for data-related errors. Robert Munro has built Annotation, Active Learning, and machine learning systems with machine learning-focused startups and with larger companies including Amazon, Google, IBM, and most major phone manufacturers. If you speak to your phone, if your car parks itself, if your music is tailored to your taste, or if your news articles are recommended for you, then there is a good chance that Robert contributed to this experience. Robert holds a PhD from Stanford focused on Human-in-the-Loop machine learning for healthcare and disaster response, and is a disaster response professional in addition to being a machine learning professional. A worked example throughout this text is classifying disaster-related messages from real disasters that Robert has helped respond to in the past.

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Book SynopsisAs science becomes increasingly computational, the limits of what is computationally tractable become a barrier to scientific progress. Many scientific problems, however, are amenable to human problem solving skills that complement computational power. By leveraging these skills on a larger scale---beyond the relatively few individuals currently engaged in scientific inquiry-there is the potential for new scientific discoveries. This book presents a framework for mapping open scientific problems into video games. The game framework combines computational power with human problem solving and creativity to work toward solving scientific problems that neither computers nor humans could previously solve alone. To maximize the potential contributors to scientific discovery, the framework designs a game to be played by people with no formal scientific background and incentivizes long-term engagement with a myriad of collaborative or competitive reward structures. The framework allows for the continual coevolution of the players and the game to each other: as players gain expertise through gameplay, the game changes to become a better tool. The framework is validated by being applied to proteomics problems with the video game Foldit. Foldit players have contributed to novel discoveries in protein structure prediction, protein design, and protein structure refinement algorithms. The coevolution of human problem solving and computer tools in an incentivized game framework is an exciting new scientific pathway that can lead to discoveries currently unreachable by other methods.

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Book SynopsisA groundbreaking narrative on the urgency of ethically designed AI and a guidebook to reimagining life in the era of intelligent technology.The Age of Intelligent Machines is upon us, and we are at a reflection point. The proliferation of fast–moving technologies, including forms of artificial intelligence akin to a new species, will cause us to confront profound questions about ourselves. The era of human intellectual superiority is ending, and we need to plan for this monumental shift.A Human Algorithm: How Artificial Intelligence Is Redefining Who We Are examines the immense impact intelligent technology will have on humanity. These machines, while challenging our personal beliefs and our socioeconomic world order, also have the potential to transform our health and well–being, alleviate poverty and suffering, and reveal the mysteries of intelligence and consciousness. International human rights attorney Flynn Coleman deftly argues that it is critical that we instill values, ethics, and morals into our robots, algorithms, and other forms of AI. Equally important, we need to develop and implement laws, policies, and oversight mechanisms to protect us from tech’s insidious threats.To realize AI’s transcendent potential, Coleman advocates for inviting a diverse group of voices to participate in designing our intelligent machines and using our moral imagination to ensure that human rights, empathy, and equity are core principles of emerging technologies. Ultimately, A Human Algorithm is a clarion call for building a more humane future and moving conscientiously into a new frontier of our own design.“[Coleman] argues that the algorithms of machine learning––if they are instilled with human ethics and values––could bring about a new era of enlightenment.” —San Francisco Chronicle

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Book SynopsisA new framework for understanding how algorithms influenceWeb applications offer us conclusions about science. Twitter bots generate art. Machine-learning systems satirize politicians. We live in an era where a substantial share of our private and public communication is machinic. Modern computing machines cannot yet speak for themselves—although the capacities of AI are rapidly expanding—but they generate rhetorical energies as they give advice, entertain, and proffer insight, speaking to human concerns in more-than-human ways and guiding human action. In Influential Machines Miles C. Coleman looks beyond human communication to interrogate the ways in which the machines and algorithms in our lives make meaning and the implications of their special modes of communication. Using the varied examples of an anti-vax "vaccine calculator," two Twitterbots, and the computational performances of virtual assistants, Coleman asks what machines mean to us as social agents and whether humans are the appropriate reference for designing machine communication. Coleman goes beyond the front and back ends of computing to describe the "deep end" of computing, a site of ambient rhetoric that is essential for understanding how machines move in today's digital world.

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Book SynopsisPerspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Times of Turbulence: Theoretical Background to Applications offers a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and the ever-changing landscape of our society. The book defines AI as machines capable of performing tasks that were once exclusive to human cognition. However, it emphasizes the current limitations of AI, dispelling the notion of sophisticated cyborgs depicted in popular culture. These machines lack self-awareness, struggle with understanding context—especially in language—and are constrained by historical data and predefined parameters. This distinction sets the stage for examining AI's impact on the job market and the evolving roles of humans and machines. Rather than portraying AI as a threat, this book highlights the symbiotic relationship between humans and machines. It recognizes that while certain jobs may become obsolete, new opportunities will emerge. The unique abilities of human beings—such as relational skills, emotional intelligence, adaptability, and understanding of differences—will continue to be indispensable in a rapidly transforming society. The book further explores key objectives and strategies for organizations navigating the AI-driven landscape. From maintaining focus on strategic goals to adapting to new productivity paradigms, from fostering effective communication to promoting feedback and continuous improvement, the chapters provide practical insights and methodologies for managing change and harnessing AI's potential. Its perspectives cover a wide range of topics such as business sustainability, change management, cybersecurity, digital economy and transformation, information systems management, management models and tools, and continuous improvement are comprehensively addressed. Additionally, the book delves into healthcare, telemedicine, Health 4.0, privacy and security, knowledge management, learning, and presents real-world case studies. Designed for researchers and professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge and research capabilities, this book offers a consistent theoretical and practical foundation. It serves as a springboard for further studies, supports change management initiatives within organizations, and facilitates knowledge sharing among experts. This book is an essential companion for colleges with master's and Ph.D. degree investigators, and researchers across a wide range of disciplines.

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Book SynopsisFood is not only fundamental to our existence, its consumption, handling or even the mere sight of its also brings us immense joy. Over the years, technology has played a crucial part in supporting and enriching food-related practices, beginning from how we grow, to how we cook, eat and dispose of food. All these practices have a significant impact not only on individuals but also on the surrounding ecologies and infrastructures, often discussed under the umbrella term of Human-Food Interaction (HFI). This monograph provides an overview of the existing research in this space and a guide to further its exploration. The authors illustrate the growth in research across four phases of HFI, namely, Growing, Cooking, Eating and Disposal; categorizing the existing works across each of these phases to reveal a rich design space and that highlights the underexplored areas that interaction designers might find intriguing to investigate.Human-Food Interaction offers a first of its kind overview of research in this fascinating interdisciplinary field and will be of interest to students and researchers working in many areas of Human-Computer Interaction.Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Methodology and Scope 3. Growing Food 4. Cooking Food 5. Eating Food 6. Disposing of Food 7. Reflections on HFI 8. Speculative HFI 9. Conclusion Acknowledgement References

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Book SynopsisThe book navigates the history of digitality, from the earliest use of digital encoding in a French telegraph invented in 1874, to the first electronic computers.

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Book SynopsisThe long-standing cultural imperative of augmenting human intellect continues to move ever closer to its full manifestation, described by Marshall McLuhan as an extension of the human nervous system. The escalating blending of immersive technologies with advanced computation has created an emerging domain which increasingly allows socio-technical system makers to produce not only human-computer interactions, but advanced, multi-minded human+computer (H+C) systems. The critical shift toward user immersion within systems of digital information and simulation makes the scale of immersive media's potential impact on human life, culture and well-being unlike that of any previous medium. In Designing XR, Peter (Zak) Zakrzewski presents H+C immersion as a multi-dimensional design problem - a Research Through Design (RTD) zone which addresses the question of: How can transformative design-thinking-based knowledge system complement the existing human-computer interaction (HCI) invention model to contribute to the creation of more participatory, socially viable, and humane immersive media environments? The book lays out a proposal for ushering the creation of ecologically sound augmented mind based on two essential tasks. The first involves a framework for the design, implementation, and iteration of purposeful, multi-minded, participatory immersive H+C systems. The second focuses on the extended reality experience (XRX) design practice that rhetorically invites users to actively engage with immersive systems while fully exercising their autonomy and agency based on informed choice.Table of ContentsChapter 1. What is Mind? Chapter 2. Probing the Frame: Immersion is not Interaction Chapter 3. Designing the Artificial: Balancing the Ego-Logical and Ecological Thinking Chapter 4. The Ecology of the Augmented Mind: Designing Immersive Human+Computer Systems Chapter 5. Extended Reality Experience (XRX) Design: The Multimodal Rhetorical Framework for Creating Persuasive Immersion

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Book SynopsisNigel Toon is the founder of Graphcore and a leading AI entrepreneur. He sits as a Non-Executive Director on the board of UK Research and Innovation council and has sat on the UK Prime Minister's Business Council. He has been recognized with numerous industry awards, being ranked #1 on Business Insider's UK Tech 100 and named as one of the 'Top 100 entrepreneurs in the UK' by the Financial Times. How AI Thinks is his first book.

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Book SynopsisReal Website Design is a new methodology that fuses traditional strengths of structured, stepped, and iterative approaches to design and implementation, sharply focused throughout a project on defining and achieving the desired purpose, usability and aesthetic characteristics – which are essential requirements of any website. This book offers practical discussion of new perspectives on usability and aesthetics, and a down-to-earth, structured approach to designing a website or teaching website design.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "‘Balanced Website Design (BWD) is a new methodology that fuses the strengths of traditional structured, stepped, and iterative approaches with … the desired characteristics of purpose, usability and aesthetics.’ … Throughout the book, there are many helpful figures and tables to support the methodology. The structure of the book makes it appropriate for academic use. In addition, practitioners looking for ways to improve or broaden their skills, to serve clients with varying needs and interests, will be interested in reading the book." (M. G. Murphy, ACM Computing Reviews, Vol. 49 (3), March, 2008)Table of ContentsGrounding.- Balanced Website Design (BWD): The Context Explained.- The World of Website Design.- Website Usability.- Aesthetics and Websites.- Methodology Process.- Requirements – Initial Acquisition.- Design Needs – Building the Picture.- Designing the Solution.- Creating the Website.- Implementation Issues.- Software Tools.- Website Hosting and Website Management.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a study of the causes of spam, the behaviors associated to the generation of and the exposure to spam, as well as the protection strategies. The new behaviors associated to electronic communications are identified and commented. Have you ever felt overwhelmed by the number of e-mail and textual messages in your inbox, be it on your laptop, your Smartphone or your PC? This book should help you in finding a wealth of answers, tools and tactics to better surf the ICT wave in the professional environment, and develop proper protection strategies to mitigate your exposure to spam in any form.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements ix Preface xi Introduction xv Chapter 1. Electronic Mail 1 1.1. Electronic mail, what is it exactly? 1 1.2. The most used communication tool in the professional world 2 1.2.1. E-mail or telephone? 2 1.2.2. A growth that is not slowing down 3 1.2.3. A perfectly adapted tool for a business in touch 4 1.3. Characteristics and beginning of misuse 4 1.3.1. A remote and asynchronous means of communication 5 1.3.2. Almost instantaneous and interactive 6 1.3.3. Textual 7 1.3.4. Ubiquitous and mobile 8 1.3.5. Which allows numerous messages to be sent 8 1.3.6. On to the storing and archiving of messages 9 1.4. E-mail versus other communication tools 10 1.5. The structure of e-mail and its susceptibility to misuse 12 1.5.1. Structure 12 1.5.2. Envelope and body of the message: two possible targets 14 1.6. Other forms of electronic communication, other flaws 15 1.6.1. Instant messaging 15 1.6.2. Micro-blogging 16 1.6.3. Social networks 17 1.7. Conclusion 17 Chapter 2. From Role to Identity 19 2.1. Roles, boundaries and transitions 19 2.1.1. Spatial and temporal boundaries 20 2.2. Roles 21 2.2.1. Definition 21 2.2.2. Role boundaries 23 2.2.3. Transitions between roles 26 2.3. Identities 28 2.4. Conclusion 30 Chapter 3. Roles and the Digital World 33 3.1. When electronic communications disrupt space-time 33 3.1.1. The transformation of space 34 3.1.2. The transformation of time 34 3.1.3. The transformation of distance 35 3.1.4. Mobility and ubiquity 37 3.2. Role transformation 38 3.2.1. Role boundaries 38 3.2.2. Flexibility 38 3.2.3. Permeability 41 3.2.4. Role separation 41 3.2.5. Transitions between roles 42 3.3. Conclusion 43 Chapter 4. Challenges in Communication 45 4.1. Interpersonal communication: a subtle tool 45 4.2. Misunderstanding in communication 46 4.2.1. Sources of misunderstanding 47 4.2.2. The absence of an operating communication channel 47 4.2.3. The absence of a common vocabulary 48 4.2.4. Exclusive information context 48 4.2.5. Situations involving incomprehension 49 4.2.6. Distance communication 49 4.2.7. Asynchronous communication 50 4.2.8. Heterogeneous competence domains or levels 50 4.2.9. Man–machine communication 50 4.2.10. E-mail: the accumulation of obstacles to comprehension 50 4.3. From misunderstanding to a lack of respect 51 4.4. A challenge for digital managers: communicating with the absent other 53 4.4.1. A lower volume of communication 53 4.4.2. A drop in communication quality 54 4.5. Conclusion 55 Chapter 5. Defining Spam 57 5.1. What is spam? 57 5.2. Preface: the influence of role on users’ perceptions of messages 57 5.3. Classifying e-mails according to role management theory 61 5.3.1. Roles and direct and indirect idiosyncratic connections 61 5.3.2. Roles played, transitions and perception of e-mail 65 5.4. Message classification model 68 5.4.1. E-mails received from unknown sources 68 5.4.2. Commercial spam 69 5.4.3. Fraudulent spam 70 5.4.4. E-mail received from known (trusted) sources 70 5.5. Conclusion 73 Chapter 6. A Lack of Ethics that Disrupts E-mail Communication 75 6.1. There is a new behavior behind every technical asset 75 6.2. Ethics and Information and Communication Technologies 76 6.3. Glossary of misuses and some of their consequences 79 6.4. Conclusion 104 Chapter 7. The Deadly Sins of Electronic Mail 105 7.1. Carefree exuberance 105 7.2. Confused identity 107 7.3. Cold indifference 108 7.4. Impassioned anger 109 7.5. Lost truth 111 7.6. The door of secrets 112 7.6.1. The ethical approach 112 7.6.2. The managerial approach 113 7.7. Fraudulent temptation 114 7.8. What answers should be given to these questions? 115 Chapter 8. The Venial Sins of Electronic Mail 117 8.1. Information overload 117 8.2. Anonymous disrespect 118 8.3. Communication poverty 118 8.4. Misunderstanding 119 8.4.1. Poorly written messages 119 8.4.2. Misread messages 119 8.4.3. When faced with misunderstanding, is empathy a solution? 120 8.5. Culpable ambiguity 120 8.6. Humor, love, rumors, and all the rest 120 Chapter 9. Exposure to Spam and Protection Strategies 123 9.1. Risk behaviors 123 9.1.1. Dynamic factors of spam exposure 124 9.1.2. Static factors of spam exposure 131 9.1.3. Other risks of spam exposure 133 9.2. Protection strategies 134 9.2.1. Keeping separate e-mail accounts 134 9.2.2. Using complex addresses 136 9.2.3. Treating received spam appropriately 136 9.2.4. Checking our e-proximity and network 138 9.2.5. Filters 139 9.2.6. Modify our sensitivity to spam 142 9.3. Conclusion 142 Concluding Recommendations 145 Bibliography 151 Index 157

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Book SynopsisNowadays approximately 6 billion people use a mobile phone and they now take a central position within our daily lives. The 1990s saw a tremendous increase in the use of wireless systems and the democratization of this means of communication. To allow the communication of millions of phones, computers and, more recently, tablets to be connected, millions of access points and base station antennas have been extensively deployed. Small cells and the Internet of Things with the billions of connected objects will reinforce this trend. This growing use of wireless communications has been accompanied by a perception of risk to the public from exposure to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF). To address this concern, biomedical research has been conducted. It has also been important to develop and improve dosimetry methods and protocols that could be used to evaluate EMF exposure and check compliance with health limits. To achieve this, much effort has was made in the 1990s and 2000s. Experimental and numerical methods, including statistical methods, have been developed. This book provides an overview and description of the basic and advanced methods that have been developed for human RF exposure assessment. It covers experimental, numerical, deterministic and stochastic methods.Table of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1. Human RF Exposure and Communication Systems 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Metric and limits relative to human exposure 3 1.3 European standards and regulation framework 36 1.4 Conclusion 39 Chapter 2. Computational Electromagnetics Applied to Human Exposure Assessment 41 2.1 Introduction 41 2.2 Finite difference in time domain to solve the Maxwell equations 42 2.3 FDTD and human exposure assessment 71 2.4 RF exposure assessment 103 2.5 Conclusion 117 Chapter 3. Stochastic Dosimetry 119 3.1 Motivations 119 3.2 The challenge of variability for numerical dosimetry 120 3.3 Stochastic dosimetry and polynomial chaos expansion 122 3.4 PC and numerical dosimetry 125 3.5 Calculation of the PC coefficients 131 3.6 Design of experiments 135 3.7 Predictive model validation 140 3.8 Surrogate modeling for dosimetry 142 3.9 SA and signature of the PC 150 3.10 Parsimonious quintile estimation 155 3.11 Conclusion 155 Conclusion 157 Bibliography 159 Index 179

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