History of medicine Books

Book SynopsisAn engrossing history of the century that transformed our knowledge of the body’s inner senses The years between 1833 and 1945 fundamentally transformed science’s understanding of the body’s inner senses, revolutionizing fields like philosophy, the social sciences, and cognitive science. In How We Became Sensorimotor, Mark Paterson provides a systematic account of this transformative period, while also demonstrating its substantial implications for current explorations into phenomenology, embodied consciousness, the extended mind, and theories of the sensorimotor, the body, and embodiment.Each chapter of How We Became Sensorimotor takes a particular sense and historicizes its formation by means of recent scientific studies, case studies, or coverage in the media. Ranging among a diverse array of sensations, including balance, fatigue, pain, the “muscle sense,” and what Maurice Merleau-Ponty termed “motricity,” Paterson’s analysis moves outward from the familiar confines of the laboratory to those of the industrial world and even to wild animals and their habitats. He uncovers important stories, such as how forgotten pain-measurement schemes transformed criminology, or how Penfield’s outmoded concepts of the sensory and motor homunculi of the brain still mar psychology textbooks.Complete with original archival research featuring illustrations and correspondence, How We Became Sensorimotor shows how the shifting and sometimes contested historical background to our understandings of the senses are being extended even today.Trade Review"Opening a new chapter in the archaeology of knowledge and the body, How We Became Sensorimotor charts how the inchoate mass of sensations within the bodily interior became the focus of increasingly intensive scientific inquiry from the mid-1800s onwards. To read this deeply touching book is to come to know one’s innermost self from a rigorously empirical and objective yet intimately familiar angle."—David Howes, author of The Sensory Studies Manifesto"Through rigorous archival research and fieldwork, Mark Paterson meticulously documents the historical practices that made the ‘sensorimotor’ body a thinkable concept. Crisscrossing neurology, experimental physiology, phenomenology, and chronophotography, How We Become Sensorimotor tells the fascinating story of the academic disciplines and artistic worlds that lodged internal sensations at the core of what it means to be a body."—Erica Fretwell, author of Sensory Experiments: Psychophysics, Race, and the Aesthetics of FeelingTable of ContentsContentsIntroduction: From Nineteenth-Century Physiology to Twenty-First-Century Neuroprosthesis1. The “Muscle Sense” and the Motor Cortex: A Cartography of Bodily Interiority2. On Pain as a Distinct Sensation: Weber, Fechner, and the Instruments of Measure3. The Oculomotor: Labyrinths, Vestibules, and Chambers4. “The Neuro-motor Unconscious”: Étienne-Jules Marey, Eadweard Muybridge, and Motion Capture5. Fatigue: Jules Amar, Angelo Mosso, and Physiological Observations of Industrial Labor, 1891–19476. Motricity: Merleau-Ponty and the Neurophysiology of MovementAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThe golden era in American surgery, described by a young doctor practicing under innovator Owen Wangensteen at the University of Minnesota In 1960, fresh out of a stint in the Air Force, Henry Buchwald was recruited by Dr. Owen H. Wangensteen to join the Department of Surgery at the University of Minnesota’s medical school. For an American born in Austria, a child of the Holocaust, a position in a city then considered by some to be the “anti-Semitic capital of the United States” might seem an uneasy fit, but in the culture of innovation created by Wangensteen, Buchwald, who had chafed against the rigidity of East Coast medical practice, found everything an imaginative young surgeon could have asked for. Surgical Renaissance in the Heartland is the story of a golden era in American surgery, ushered in by Wangensteen’s creative approach to medical practice, told by one who lived it.Buchwald describes the roots, heritage, and traditions of this remarkable period at the University of Minnesota’s medical school, where the foundations of open-heart procedures, heart and pancreas transplantation, bariatric surgery, implantable infusion pump therapies, and other medical landmarks originated. Buchwald’s account of the Wangensteen era brings to life a medical culture that thrived on debate and the expression of ideas, a clinical practice bound only by the limits of a surgeon’s inspiration and imagination. As entertaining as it is informative, Surgical Renaissance in the Heartland effectively conjures the character—and characters—of a time that forever changed medicine and the lives of millions.Trade Review"The significance and origin of the values behind the Wangensteen legacy are brought to life in Surgical Renaissance in the Heartland. This is a must read for everyone involved in American surgery and will help us remember the origin of our wonderful profession. Dr. Buchwald was there throughout and tells the story with great pride and affection. Spend an evening reading this book."—David B. Hoyt, M.D., executive director, American College of Surgeons"Initially as a surgery resident, then as a faculty member, and subsequently as one of the giants in his field, Henry Buchwald has expertly captured this vibrant atmosphere of medical discovery. His very personal and beautifully written account of this unique period at the University of Minnesota Department of Surgery is well worth the read whether you were there at that time or not."—Marshall Z. Schwartz, M.D., Wake Forest University School of Medicine"Who would have guessed that a farm boy in a remote place like Minnesota would found one of the greatest surgical research centers in the world? In this remarkable, witty, and carefully researched work, Henry Buchwald, one of today's great surgeon-leaders, reveals not only how it happened but also how we can and need to learn from that experience."—Walter J. Pories, M.D., director, Metabolic Surgery Research Group, East Carolina University"At its core, Surgical Renaissance in the Heartland is an inspiring and enlightening story about Owen Wangensteen’s dedication to the field of surgery, but it is also a portrait of the lives he touched and a tribute to how his innovation sparked change well after his time. For all of us who grew up in the shadow of the University of Minnesota during the Wangensteen era, the legacy continues."—Peter Agre, M.D., 2003 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry"This wonderfully written book gives insights into Dr. Buchwald’s journey through his surgical training to his research in the fields of bariatric and metabolic surgery. I am fortunate to be a recipient of his work. At age twenty-seven, I underwent two open heart procedures for severe, advanced coronary occlusion because of familial hyperlipidemia. This was followed by Dr. Buchwald’s Partial Illial Bypass surgery. I am now seventy-two years old, healthy, and free of significant coronary disease."—Sheila Sorensen, former Idaho State Senator "Among the many pleasures of this book for longtime residents are its glancing references to a city now disappeared. But it is the surgeons and their groundbreaking work that rightly dominate their memoir, and an impressive lineup it is, too. "—Minnesota AlumniTable of ContentsContentsPrologue1. Beginnings2. The Roots of the Wangensteen Era3. Settling Into Minnesota4. Culture Shock5. Anoka and Stillwater6. Wangensteen’s Surgery Service7. Early Research8. Varco’s Surgery Service9. Laboratory Founded10. Laboratory Funded11. Senior Resident12. Colleagues13. Chief Resident14. Assistant Professor15. EndgameEpilogueChronologyAcknowledgmentsIndex

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Book SynopsisThe influenza epidemic of 1918 was one of the worst medical disasters in human history, taking close to thirty million lives worldwide in less than a year, including more than 500,000 in the United States. What made this pandemic even more frightening was the fact that it occurred when death rates for most common infectious diseases were diminishing. Still, an epidemic is not merely a medical crisis; it has sociological, psychological, and political dimensions as well. In Influenza and Inequality, Patricia J. Fanning examines these other dimensions and brings to life this terrible episode of epidemic disease by tracing its path through the town of Norwood, Massachusetts. By 1918, Norwood was a small, ethnically diverse, industrialized, and stratified community. Ink, printing, and tanning factories were owned by wealthy families who lived privileged lives. These industries attracted immigrant laborers who made their homes in several ethnic neighborhoods and endured prejudice and discrimination at the hands of native residents. When the epidemic struck, the immigrant neighborhoods were most affected; a fact that played a significant role in the town's response--with tragic results. This close analysis of one town's struggle illuminates how even well-intentioned elite groups may adopt and implement strategies that can exacerbate rather than relieve a medical crisis. It is a cautionary tale that demonstrates how social behavior can be a fundamental predictor of the epidemic curve, a community's response to crisis, and the consequences of those actions.

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Book SynopsisThis book looks into communicating psychiatric patient histories, from the asylum years to the clinics of today. In this engrossing study of tales of mental illness, Carol Berkenkotter examines the evolving role of case history narratives in the growth of psychiatry as a medical profession. ""Patient Tales"" follows the development of psychiatric case histories from their origins at Edinburgh Medical School and the Royal Edinburgh Infirmary in the mid - eighteenth century to the medical records of contemporary American mental health clinics. Spanning two centuries and several disciplines, Berkenkotter's investigation illustrates how discursive changes in this genre mirrored evolving assumptions and epistemological commitments among those who cared for the mentally ill.During the asylum era, case histories were a means by which practitioners organized and disseminated local knowledge through professional societies, affiliations, and journals. The way in which these histories were recorded was subsequently codified, giving rise to a genre. In her thorough reading of Sigmund Freud's ""Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria"", Berkenkotter shows how this account of Freud's famous patient 'Dora' led to technical innovation in the genre through the incorporation of literary devices. In the volume's final section, Berkenkotter carries the discussion forward to the present in her examination of the turn from psychoanalysis to a research-based and medically oriented classification system now utilized by the American Psychiatric Association. Throughout her work, Berkenkotter stresses the value of reading case histories as an interdisciplinary bridge between the humanities and sciences.

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Book SynopsisChimborazo Hospital, just outside Richmond, Virginia, served as the Confederacy’s largest hospital for four years. During this time, it treated nearly eighty thousand patients, boasting a mortality rate of just over 11 percent. This book, the first full-length study of a facility that was vital to the Southern war effort, tells the story of those who lived and worked at Chimborazo.Organized by Dr. James Brown McCaw, Chimborazo was an innovative hospital with well-trained physicians, efficient stewards, and a unique supply system. Physicians had access to the latest medical knowledge and specialists in Richmond. The hospital soon became a model for other facilities. The hospital’s clinical reputation grew as it established connections with the Medical College of Virginia and hosted several drug and treatment trials requested by the Confederate Medical Department.In fascinating detail, Chimborazo recounts the issues, trials, and triumphs of a Civil War hospital. Based on an extensive study of hospital and Confederate Medical Department records found at the National Archives, along with other primary sources, the study includes information on the patients, hospital stewards, matrons, and slaves who served as support staff. Since Chimborazo was designated as an independent army post, the book discusses other features of its organization, staff, and supply system as well. This careful examination describes the challenges facing the hospital and reveals the humanity of those who lived and worked there.

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Book SynopsisDrawing upon a myriad of primary and secondary historical sources, The Royal Doctors: Medical Personnel at the Tudor and Stuart Courts investigates the influential individuals who attended England's most important patientsduring a pivotal epoch in the evolution of the state and the medical profession. Drawing upon a myriad of primary and secondary historical sources, The Royal Doctors: Medical Personnel at the Tudor and Stuart Courts investigates the influential individuals who attended England's most important patientsduring a pivotal epoch in the evolution of the state and the medical profession. Over three hundred men [and a handful of women], heretofore unexamined as a group, made up the medical staff of the Tudor and Stuart kings and queensof England [as well as the Lord Protectorships of Oliver and Richard Cromwell]. The royal doctors faced enormous challenges in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries from diseases that respected no rank and threatened the very security of the realm. Moreover, they had to weather political and religious upheavals that led to regicide and revolution, as well as cope with sharp theoretical and jurisdictional divisions within English medicine. The rulers often interceded in medical controversies at the behest of their royal doctors, bringing sovereign authority to bear on the condition of medicine. Elizabeth Lane Furdell is Professor of History at the University of NorthFlorida.Trade ReviewFurdell's new book is a surprising offering, one that may well, because it doesn't quite fit into conventional categories, slip below the radar of scholars and general readers alike. This would be unfortunate, since Royal Doctors is also an excellent and rewarding piece of work, and especially valuable for English historians who wish to know more about the diversity of medicine and its practitioners in the Tudor and Stuart periods. Royal Doctors remains an intelligent, informative, and vastly entertaining study, and a valuable contribution to English history. * ALBION *Furdell presents an amazing treasury of biographical facts on royal medical practitioners, including physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, and midwives. The Royal Doctors is an excellent reference book. * SEVENTEETH CENTURY NEWS, Vol 61 *This is an excellently researched, suspenseful presentation. . . this book is an inestimable source of information on an aspect of English cultural and medical history that is vital in every sense of the word. * ARCHIV *Table of ContentsHenrician Doctors and the Founding of the Royal College of Physicians (1485-1547) Doctors to the 'Little Tudors' (1547-58) The Medical Personnel of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Doctors to the Early Stuarts (1603-49) The Medical Staff of the Interregnum (1649-60) Doctors to the Restored Stuarts (1660-88) The "Glorious Revolution" and the Medical Household of the Dual Monarchs (1688-1702) Medical Personnel in Queen Anne's Court (1702-14)

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Book SynopsisA provocative study that explores medical, social, cultural, and aesthetic customs and practices of treating the dead body in Sweden in an era of modernization. Originally published in Swedish in 2002, Death, Modernity, and the Body explores the impact of modernization on customs and practices of treating the dead body in Sweden in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,when intense social and cultural change transformed the country from an agricultural society to a modern industrial state. The book focuses on five arenas: medical research and education, displays of the dead body for entertainment purposes, funerary preparations of the body, memorial photography, and cremation. Åhrén takes an original approach to the history of death in modern society by focusing on the dead body in intersecting cultural domains. Medical, scientific and technological history are thereby connected to popular culture, social and political history, as well as ethnography and anthropology. The scholarly literature on the history of death is disproportionately focused on the Anglophone world, France, and Germany; this study contributes to the scholarship by examining the case of Sweden, where modernization was exceptionally rapid and pervasive, and full of interesting particularities. Eva Åhrén is a Research Fellow and Assistant Professor in the Department for the History of Science and Ideas at Uppsala University, Sweden, and a Research Associate at Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.Trade ReviewAdds attention-grabbing and pertinent materials, gathered from Swedish archives, to the growing body of critical works on death in the Western world. * AMERICAN HISTORY REVIEW *Provides an invaluable source of knowledge about attitudes toward the dead during modernisation. One by one, the chapters offer important insights in customs and thoughts and show how modernity profoundly changed the ways we deal with the undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveller returns. * SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE *An imaginative and sophisticated study of death practices around the turn of the twentieth century. Focusing on the handling of the cadaver through such cultural practices as dissection, display, photography, and cremation, Eva Åhrén has given us a richly textured exploration of how the living made meaning through the management of the dead. This is a fascinating contribution to medical history, the history of the body, and the wider history of death in modern Western societies. -- -- John Harley Warner, Avalon Professor and Chair, History of Medicine, Department of History, Yale UniversityEva Åhrén's book contributes significantly to our knowledge of the modern history of death. The focus on Sweden adds an important case with some distinctive features, and the emphasis on the treatment and uses of the dead body generates fascinating conclusions. Well-researched and written, the book maintains a commendably high level of analysis. -- -- Peter N. Stearns, Provost, George Mason UniversityTable of ContentsThe Modernization of Death On the Usefulness of the Dead Death on Display Preparing the Dead Body Picturing the Dead Purifying Flames Abjection and Modern Rituals Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisOffers a nuanced analysis of the interaction between the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Division and Mexico's Departamento de Salubridad Pública as they jointly promoted public health through campaigns against yellow fever and hookworm disease, organized cooperative rural health units, and educated public health professionals in North American universities and Mexican training stations.Trade ReviewAn impressive piece of scholarship. -- Thomas F. O'Brien * HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Based on an impressive array of documents culled from archival collections in Mexico and the United States. . . . Birn expertly weaves the story of public health in Mexico, and the role played by the Rockefeller Foundation in shaping it, into the larger history of the revolutionary Mexican politics and reform efforts. . . . Despite the density of information provided, Birn's analysis is always focused, and she consistently shows the reader the connections between high politics and the day-to-day undertaking of public health. -- Katherine Elaine Bliss * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, April 2008 *[A] work of rare maturity and insight . . . Birn's study is essential reading for students of Mexican history, scholars of international and global health, and those interested in the nature of global philanthropy. -- Steven Palmer * BULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, 2008 *Birn's book helps us track an evolving circulation of ideas, people, practices, and power and provides an invaluable . . . insight into today's world of international health. -- Charles E. Rosenberg, Ernest Monrad Professor of the Social Sciences, Harvard UniversityBirn gives a prescient, nuanced, and deeply intelligent account of the relationship between the Rockefeller Foundation and the state in shaping public health in post-revolutionary Mexico. Brilliantly written in a highly inviting style, this is an 'absolute must-read' for academics, policy makers, and activists concerned with the past and increasingly complex face of global health in the future. -- James Orbinski, associate professor of medicine and political science, University of Toronto, and former international president of Médecins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without BordersThis impeccably researched, extremely accessible volume sets a new standard for studies of international public health. Steeped in recent innovative scholarship on global health, transnationality, and the close and often incongruous imperial encounters that circumscribe philanthropic initiatives, Marriage of Convenience crafts a richly textured account of the Rockefeller's extended relationship with Revolutionary Mexico. -- Gilbert M. Joseph, Farnam Professor of History and International Studies, Yale University, and co-editor of Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S.-Latin American Relations

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Book SynopsisThis study of sixteenth-century Seville offers a new perspective on how early modern cities adapted to living with repeated epidemics of plague. Plague and Public Health in Early Modern Seville offers a reassessment of the impact of plague in the early modern era, presenting sixteenth-century Seville as a case study of how municipal officials and residents worked together to create a public health response that protected both individual and communal interests. Similar studies of plague during this period either dramatize the tragic consequences of the epidemic or concentrate on the tough "modern" public health interventions, such as quarantine, surveillance and isolation, and the laxness or strictness of their enforcement. Arguing for a redefinition of "public health" in the early modern era, this study chronicles amore restrained, humane, and balanced response to outbreaks in 1582 and 1599-1600 Seville, showing that city officials aimed to protect the population but also maintain trade and commerce in order to prevent economic disruption. Based on extensive primary sources held in the municipal archive of Seville, the work argues that a careful reading of the records shows a critical difference between how plague regulations were written and how they were enforced, a difference that reflects an unacknowledged process of negotiation aimed at preserving balance within the community. The book makes important contributions to the study of early modern city governance and to the historiography of epidemics more broadly. Kristy Wilson Bowers received her PhD from Indiana University and teaches in the History Department at Northern Illinois University.Trade ReviewAn insightful examination [and] an eloquent account of the difficulties of legislating and enforcing public health regulations on epidemic disease in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. * BULLETIN OF SPANISH STUDIES *Bowers has written a provocative study that offers new ways of thinking about urban pestilential experiences. Her subtle and diligent mining of archival materials makes her interpretation a particularly persuasive one. * ISIS *Bowers has written a great little book. In this well-researched case study of plague and the city of Seville's response to it, Bowers challenges our persistent image of the complete social and economic disruption most often associatedwith plague outbreaks. Her work reminds us that well-researched regional studies can reveal surprising challenges to what we assume we know about the early modern world and its 'premodern' response to public health threats. * BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE *This book provides a fresh alternative view of how public health worked in early modern Europe. Through exploring the archival records of Seville, Bowers examines the varied ways medical practitioners, public health officers, and lay people perceived and reacted against the plague epidemics of 1582 and 1599. --Jon Arrizabalaga,Institución Milà i Fontanals, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona * . *Table of ContentsIntroduction Early Modern Seville: Balancing Growth and Governance Perceptions of Plague: Balancing Disease Concepts Negotiating Public Health: Balancing the Individual and the Community The Wider Politics of Public Health: Balancing Urban and Rural City and Crown: Balancing Authorities Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEssays from noted contributors trace the evolution of the neurological patient's role, treatment, and place in the history of medicine. Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Tourette's, multiple sclerosis, stroke: all are neurological illnesses that create dysfunction, distress, and disability. With their symptoms ranging from impaired movement and paralysis to hallucinationsand dementia, neurological patients present myriad puzzling disorders and medical challenges. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries countless stories about neurological patients appeared in newspapers, books, medical papers, and films. Often the patients were romanticized; indeed, it was common for physicians to cast neurological patients in a grand performance, allegedly giving audiences access to deep philosophical insights about the meaning of life and being. Beyond these romanticized images, however, the neurological patient was difficult to diagnose. Experiments often approached unethical realms, and treatment created challenges for patients, courts, caregivers, and even for patient advocacy organizations. In this kaleidoscopic study, the contributors illustrate how the neurological patient was constructed in history and came to occupy its role in Western culture. Stephen T. Casper is assistant professor in Humanities and Social Sciences at Clarkson University. L. Stephen Jacyna is reader in the History of Medicine and Director of the Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London.Trade ReviewThis collection adds up to a very welcome and readable widening of standard medical accounts of the history of neurology. Readers, medical and non-medical, can thus turn to the book for information, for appreciation of what historians have and have not done, and for stimulus from the range of contemporary practice in the history of medicine. * BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE *This book is very readable, and its chapters achieve a good deal of coherence. The two final parts closely analyze the place of the patient in the evolution of the discipline [of neurology]. Taken together with the Introduction, they form a brilliant frame for the other articles in this collective work. * GESNERUS *An important contribution to the field that promises to elicit further research by these and other scholars committed to exploring what makes the neurological patient so intriguing-not just for medical history, but for the field of history in general. * H-NET *An important and imaginatively organized contribution to the largely unstudied -- but crucial -- history of the interaction between specialization, disease concepts, patient needs, and clinical practice. This book is relevant to any serious student of medical history or the sociology of medicine. -- Charles E. Rosenberg, professor of the history of science, and the Ernest E. Monrad Professor in the social sciences, Harvard UniversityThe Neurological Patient in History is a valuable and welcome addition to the historiography. It not only places the neurological patient firmly in the spotlight, it also encourages readers to re-examine the patient using fresh and thought-provoking lines of enquiry.... This volume will be used as a reference text for years to come. * REVIEWS IN HISTORY *A satisfyingly eclectic account of how patients have been diagnosed and treated and how they have experienced health and illness during the last one hundred and fifty years. There are many fine contributions to this volume. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Table of ContentsIntroduction The Patient's Pitch: The Neurologist, the Tuning Fork, and Textbook Knowledge Neurological Patients as Experimental Subjects: Epilepsy Studies in the United States Speaking for Yourself: The Medico-Legal Aspects of Aphasia in Nineteenth-Century Britain The Spouse, the Neurological Patient, and Doctors Disappearing in Plain Sight: Public Roles of People with Dementia in the Meaning and Politics of Alzheimer's Disease The Cursing Patient: Neuropsychiatry Confronts Tourette's Syndrome, 1825-2008 The Psychasthenic Poet: Robert Nichols and His Neurologists The Encephalitis Lethargica Patient as a Window on the Soul Neuropatients in Historyland The Neurological Patient in History: A Commentary Bibliography List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisAn examination of the complex interrelationship between charity birth control clinics and the commercial marketplace in the United States through the 1970s. The Birth Control Clinic in a Marketplace World is the first book to chart the origins and evolution of the charity birth control clinic movement in the United States from the 1910s through the 1970s, a period that witnessed dramatic transformation in the goods and services such clinics provided. Rose Holz uncovers the virtually unexamined relationship between Planned Parenthood and the commercial marketplace sphere. Challenging more thanthirty years of historiography on birth control, Holz sheds new light on battles over reproductive rights through her analysis of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America within the context of the commercial birth control world. Revealing that it would be Planned Parenthood's engagement to charity -- the argument the organization once used to discredit the presumed profit-driven exploitation of the marketplace -- that would put precisely those women ithoped to assist in dangerous situations, she asks such probing questions as: What were the meanings attached to the provision of birth control and its commercial distribution? How in turn were these meanings used as sources of power? The project draws on rich primary sources to answer these questions and to examine the historical role of the local birth control clinic in modern America. Rose Holz earned her PhD in history from the University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign. She is associate director of and associate professor of practice in the Women's and Gender Studies Program at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.Trade ReviewHolz provides an examination of the birth control clinic from the ground up, well supported by primary sources....Recommended. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsIntroduction The Birth of the Clinic Rising Above Old Habits Are Hard to Break New Habits Are Formed Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAn engaging and surprising history of surgeries on the clitoris, revealing what the therapeutic use of female circumcision and clitoridectomy tells us about American medical ideas concerning the female body and female sexuality. From the late nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century, American physicians treated women and girls for masturbation by removing the clitoris (clitoridectomy) or clitoral hood (female circumcision). During this same time, and continuing to today, physicians also performed female circumcision to enable women to reach orgasm. Though used as treatment, paradoxically, for both a perceived excessive sexuality and a perceived lack of sexual responsiveness, these surgeries reflect a consistent medical conception of the clitoris as a sexual organ. In recent years the popular media and academics have commented on the rising popularity in the United States of female genital cosmetic surgeries, including female circumcision, yet these discussions often assume such procedures are new. In Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy in the United States: A History of a Medical Treatment, Sarah Rodriguez presents an engaging and surprising history of surgeries on the clitoris, revealing how medical views of the female body and female sexuality have changed -- and in some cases not changed -- throughout the last century and a half. Sarah B. Rodriguez is lecturer in medical humanities and bioethics and in global health studies at Northwestern University.Trade ReviewThis book should not only be read (and taught) by medical historians and historians of gender and sexuality, but--with the recent surge of genital plastic surgery--one would wish for a copy of Female Circumcision in the waiting rooms of America's plastic surgeons. * BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE *Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy throws a flood of light on a dark and neglected corner of American medical practice, described by one retired gynaecologist as 'a lucrative industry' and a 'thriving business few people spoke about afterwards.' It is to her great credit that Rodriguez has broken this silence, and her book will be required reading for anybody interested in the issues it covers. * JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY *Rodriguez convincingly presents clitoral surgeries as normalized practices in US medical history, and the clitoris as a site of cultural and medical contestation throughout this 150-year period. The book brings valuable new perspectives to medical history in capturing the complex interaction between medicine and culture in the control of women's bodies and sexuality. * JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE *I recommend Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy in the United States to readers who want to know more about clitoral surgeries in the American context. The book would also make an excellent teaching tool; it would fit well on syllabi for women's history, the history of medicine, or the history of sex. * NURSING CLIO *Rodriguez convincingly argues that the history of clitoral surgery reveals medicine's approach to female sexuality. She seeks to counter narratives of medical 'misogyny' with a more nuanced story that situates the practice . . . in historical context. * JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY *Rodriguez vividly and persuasively places the clitoris at the center of a centuries-long medical debate about what's wrong with the female body, and how it can be surgically adapted to androcentric sexual norms. Required reading if you think the barbaric days of genital cutting are in the American past. -- -- Rachel Maines, author of The Technology of Orgasm: 'Hysteria,' the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual SatisfactionTable of ContentsIntroduction: Rethinking the History of Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy in the United States Women, Masturbation, and Clitoral Surgery, 1862-1945 Children, Masturbation, and Clitoral Surgery since 1890 Female Sexual Degeneracy and the Enlarged Clitoris, 1850-1941 Female Circumcision to Promote Clitoral Orgasm, 1890-1945 Female Circumcision as Sexual Enhancement Therapy during the Era of the Vaginal Orgasm, 1940-66 Female Circumcision and the Divisive Issue of Female Clitoral Sexual Pleasure Go Public, 1966-89 James Burt and the Surgery of Love, 1966-89 Conclusion: Genital Geographies Appendix: The Clitoris in Anatomy and Gynecology Texts Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisA new release, with a new preface, of Richard A. Meckel's classic history of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American campaign to reduce infant mortality. Twenty-five years after its 1990 publication, Richard A. Meckel's Save the Babies remains widely acknowledged as the single most comprehensive and authoritative history of the multifaceted infant welfare campaign that attended and contributed to the dramatic late nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century reduction of infant mortality in the United States. Beginning with the mid-nineteenth-century transformation of infant mortality from a social fact into a social problem in need of amelioration and ending with the Great Depression, Meckel depicts and analyzes the evolution of a reform movement that had a single overriding goal but was made up of professional, political, philanthropic, and lay voluntary groups with often competing ideas and agendas. He shows how interaction and negotiation between these groups and their interests, as well as changing social and medical theory, shaped the successive ways that both the major causes of infant mortality and the best policies for its reduction were conceptualized and promoted. In an epilogue, the author provides an overview of the American discourse on infant mortality from the 1930s through the 1980s. For this new release of Save the Babies, the author has added a preface that surveys the related historical scholarship published since 1990 and details how the American discourse oninfant mortality has evolved since then. Richard A. Meckel is professor of American Studies, Brown University, and author of Classrooms and Clinics: Urban Schools and the Protection and Promotion of Child Health, 1870-1930.

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Book SynopsisDemonstrates that the intersection between race, gender, and class formed the backbone of Progressive-Era debates over sex education, the policing of sexuality, and the prevention of venereal disease. Against the backdrop of the Progressive Era, World War I, and the 1920s, sex education burgeoned in the United States through institutions like the YMCA, the popular press, girls' schools, and the US military. As access to sexualknowledge increased, reformers debated what the messages of a sex-education curriculum should be and, perhaps more important, who would receive those messages. Courtney Shah's study chronicles this debate, showing that sex education then, just as in our own era, had as much to do with politics and morals as it did with biology and medicine. Examining how different population groups in the United States were given contrasting types of sex education, Shah demonstrates that such education was used as a tool to reinforce or challenge racial segregation, women's rights, religious diversity, and class identity. Courtney Shah is an instructor of history at Lower Columbia College in Longview, Washington.Trade ReviewVery classroom friendly, and would be a welcome addition to specialized courses on the American Progressive Movement of the History of Sexuality in the United States, as well as general courses in American social and cultural history or the medical humanities. * AMERIKASTUDIEN *[A] nuanced and inclusive account.... The result is compelling insight into aspects of American sexual history that have until now gone without substantial analysis. * SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE *Shah's telling of their story is ultimately well written and interesting, making this book a useful introduction for those familiarizing themselves with America's contentious sex education debates. * BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE *Shah's compact volume is well written and is ideally suited for undergraduates seeking a broad synthesis of the role race, gender, and class played not only in the development of sex education but also in the Progressive Era more generally. * H-NET *[Shah] exposes ways that whiteness denoted purity and middle-class respectability, excluding racial minorities, the working class, and poor, rural, and Southern populations from many reform efforts. Recommended. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction The Origins of the Sex Education Movement Parental Prerogative and School-Based Sex Education Sex Education for Whites Only? Venereal Disease and Sex Education for African Americans Sex Education in the American Expeditionary Force Policing Sexuality on the Home Front Sex Education in the 1920s Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisExplores the history of vaccine development and the rise of antivaccination societies in late-nineteenth-century America. Most people today celebrate vaccination as a great achievement, yet many nineteenth-century Americans opposed it, so much in fact that states had to make vaccination compulsory. In response, antivaccination societies formed all over the United States, lobbying state legislatures and bringing lawsuits to abolish these laws. One such lawsuit ultimately arrived at the United States Supreme Court, which upheld the laws in a landmark decision, Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905). In this study, Karen Walloch examines the history of vaccine development in the United States, the laws put in place enjoining the practice, and the popular reaction against them. Walloch finds that at theend of the nineteenth century Americans had good reason to fear vaccination. Vaccines simply did not live up to claims made for their safety and effectiveness. They induced pain, disability, and grim or even fatal infections. Inthis critical history of the antivaccine movement and of Jacobson v. Massachusetts in particular, Walloch locates the beginnings of a legacy of doubt about vaccination -- one that affected legislation in all fifty states and is still very much alive today. Karen Walloch is a historian who teaches at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.Trade Review[An] important new book. [It] offers a lucid and stimulating portrait. * HISTORY *Contains a wealth of information. * ISIS JOURNAL *The Antivaccine Heresy stands out among the handful of other books on the history of vaccination in the United States in its comprehensive treatment of the subject, its coverage of the topic prior to 1900 and at the turn of the twentieth century, and in the number and variety of resources it draws upon. It is a major accomplishment and a valuable, highly important contribution to the history of medicine and public health... * H-DISABILITY (H-NET REVIEWS) *The book is a notable contribution to the history of public health in America and the history of science at large. Its most distinctive feature is Walloch's in-depth assessment of the antivaccinationists, who for so long had been noted only in passing by historians of medicine. * PULSE *One of the best history books ever written about American vaccination politics and policies, The Antivaccine Heresy will have a significant audience among medical historians, scholars of public health, and citizens concerned about similar issues today. Walloch's research is stunningly thorough; her interpretations challenging, insightful, and compelling; and her stories are fascinating. This work is truly pioneering and may well change not only the way history books are written but also the way that vaccinologists write about the smallpox vaccine. -- Robert Johnston, editor of The Politics of HealingTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction Vaccination in the Nineteenth-Century America Problems with Vaccination in the Nineteenth Century The 1901-2 Smallpox Epidemic in Boston and Cambridge The Hazards of Vaccination in 1901-2 Massachusetts Antivaccinationists Immanuel Pfeiffer versus the Boston Board of Health The 1902 Campaign to Amend the Compulsory Vaccination Laws Criminal Prosecution of the Antivaccinationists Jacobson v. Massuchusetts Conclusion Appendix A: Boston Health Department Vaccinations, 1872-1900 Appendix B: Voting Records for Samuel Durgin's Vaccination Bill before the Massachusetts State Senate Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisArgues that the legacies of Victorian public health in England and Wales were not just better health and cleaner cities but also new ideas of property, liability, and community. This book argues that the legacies of nineteenth-century public health in England and Wales were not just better health and cleaner cities but also new ideas of property and people. Between 1815 and 1872, the work of public healthactivists led to multiple redefinitions of both, shifting the boundaries between public and private nuisances, public and private services, taxable and nontaxable property, cities and suburbs, the state and the individual, and, finally, between different kinds of individuals. These boundary-making processes were themselves inflected by different material, political, and ideological developments in the areas of disease, demography, democracy, and domesticity. The changes in boundaries manifested themselves in the creation of new nuisance laws and in the minute control by the state of private domestic arrangements. Most important, these changes also promoted a radical shiftin ideas on who should bear financial responsibility for the health of others, stimulating in the process a controversy on the nature of community. Public health thus served as an important, if contradictory, site in the creationof communities, enhancing the right to health for some while simultaneously restricting in the name of health the privacy rights of others. Relying on underused legal sources, this book presents a fresh view of the local originsand legal and political significance of the public health movement of the nineteenth century. James G. Hanley is associate professor of history at the University of Winnipeg.Trade ReviewIn this important new book, James Hanley recovers a key aspect of nineteenth-century sanitary reform . What distinguishes Hanley's account is the level and intensity of his analytical-archival gaze . [A] fresh historical perspective on how public health became a public enterprise. * BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction The Laws of Nuisance before 1846: Property, Health, and Democracy in the Age of Reform Private Benefit and Public Service: Paying for Sewers before 1848 The Boundaries of Health, 1848-70 The Benefits of Health: London, 1848-65 Healthy Domesticity, 1848-72 Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisExplores the complex interactions between French medicine and Vietnamese childbirth traditions, documenting the emergence of a plural system of maternity services that incorporated both biomedical knowledge and local birthing traditions. This book explores the interactions between French medicine and Vietnamese childbirth traditions, examining how these interactions shaped maternal and infant health care in Vietnam. Armed with the language and expertise of modernmedicine, French physicians and administrators set out on a mission to relocate Vietnamese childbirth to a clinical setting. But as the French ventured into indigenous communities, they found themselves negotiating with a myriad of Vietnamese cultural practices relating to childbirth and infant care. Thwarted by local resistance, cultural misunderstanding, and ambiguous policy, the Western model of hospital birth neither displaced nor transformedindigenous birthing traditions in the ways the French had envisioned. Instead, as author Thuy Linh Nguyen demonstrates, the emergence of a plural system of maternity services, many of which were based on local practices and beliefs, served as a testimony to the compromises and adaptations made by both the French and Vietnamese populations. Thuy Linh Nguyen is assistant professor of history at Mount Saint Mary College in Newburgh, NY.Trade ReviewIn this lucid and captivating study, Nguyen draws on a wide range of colonial-era sources in both French and Vietnamese to uncover a never-before told story about the deiversity of everyday experiences that shaped the delivery of infant and maternal health care in early twentieth-century Vietnam. * SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE *[A] cogently argued and effectively documented study . . . One of the great strengths of this work is the way in which women's own testimony is brought to light. But this is far from being a doctrinaire study of race, exploitation, and resistance. What Nguyen does so effectively is to present a complex and evolving historical and social trajectory in which it is not only the French who moved. Vietnamese society itself became more diverse and pluralistic: the old, the new, and the in-between coexisted. * ISIS *Childbirth, Maternity, and Medical Pluralism in French Colonial Vietnam, 1880-1945 will be of interest to a range of scholars: those interested in the link between colonial medicine and empire building; the tensions inherent in introducing and implementing western biomedical values and practices in non-western medical contexts; how race, class, gender, and religious and cultural values inflect medical practitioners' (both French and Vietnamese) provision of health care; the social and administrative processes through which plural medical systems emerge; how the Vietnamese have incorporated and transformed values and practices from elsewhere for their own benefit; and early examples of how Vietnamese women's personal private reproductive lives became of concern to the state. * MEDICAL HISTORY *This study, which traces the history of the introduction of Western obstetrical medicine in Vietnam, is a timely contribution to the field of colonial gender studies. . . . The strength of the book lies in its use of both French and Vietnamese sources to illustrate the cultural differences between colonizers and colonized over childbirth, mothering, and infant care. * FRENCH STUDIES *Childbirth, Maternity, and Medical Pluralism in French Vietnam, 1880-1945 is well written and grounded with strong empirical sources. . . . I recommend this book for both undergraduate and graduate classes on the history of science, women's health, and imperialism. * JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY *Table of ContentsIntroduction The First Encounters Maternity Hospitals Colonial Midwives The Bà mu and Childbirth Pluralism Scientific Motherhood and the Teaching of Maternity The Depression Era and the Discovery of the Child Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisExamines the emergence of Brazilian psychiatry during a period of national regeneration, demonstrating how sociopolitical negotiations can shape psychiatric professionalization Reasoning against Madness: Psychiatry and the State in Rio de Janeiro, 1830-1944 examines the emergence of Brazilian psychiatry, looking at how its practitioners fashioned themselves as the key architects in the project ofnational regeneration. The book's narrative involves a cast of varied characters in an unstable context: psychiatrists, Catholic representatives, spiritist leaders, state officials, and the mentally ill, all caught in the shiftinglandscape of modern state formation. Manuella Meyer investigates the key junctures at which psychiatrists sought to establish their authority and the ways in which their adversaries challenged this authority. These moments serve as productive points from which to explore the moral and political economies of mental health, demonstrating how sociopolitical negotiations shape psychiatric professionalization. Meyer argues that the gradual adoptionof punitive configurations of insanity helped sanction socioeconomic and political inequalities during a time of rapid socioeconomic, political, and cultural transformation. Manuella Meyer is Associate Professor of History at the University of Richmond.Trade Review[V]ital reading for scholars interested in the growing literature on the global history of medicine and public health. * JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES *[A] fine piece of scholarship based on solid research. It will be mandatory reading for everybody interested in the history of psychiatry in Latin America and in the history of Brazil in general. * HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Table of ContentsIntroduction Sanity in the South Atlantic: The Myth of Philippe Pinel and the Asylum Campaign Movement, 1830-52 "Of Grand Intentions" and "Opaque Structures": The Fight for Psychiatric Management of the Hospício Pedro II during Brazil's Second Empire, 1852-90 The Government of Psychiatry: The National Insane Asylum's Interior Lives, 1890-94 "The Service of Disinterested Men": Psychiatrists under State and Civil Scrutiny, 1894-1903 Breaking Out of the Asylum: Rio de Janeiro's Mental Hygiene Movement, 1903-37 Mad Spirits of Progress, 1927-44 Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTraces the history of the British General Medical Council to reveal the persistence of hierarchies of gender, national identity, and race in determining who was fit to practice British medicine. Fit to Practice proposes a new narrative of the making of the modern British medical profession, situating it in relation to the imperatives and tensions of national and imperial interests. The narrative is interwoven withthe institutional history of the General Medical Council (GMC), the main regulatory body of the medical profession. The GMC's management of the medical register from 1858 to 1980 offers important insight into the political underpinning of the profession, particularly when it came to regulating who was fit to practice medicine, under what conditions, and where. Technically, admission to the British medical register endowed all doctors with common rights andprivileges. Yet the differential treatment of women in the nineteenth century, Jewish medical refugees during World War II, and Indian doctors both before and after decolonization reveals the persistence of hierarchies of gender,national identity, and race in determining who was fit to practice British medicine. Part 1 of the book, which spans from 1858 to 1948, focuses on the transformation of the British Empire from a destination for the surplus production of domestic medical graduates to a critical source of medical labor for Britain during wartime. Part 2 examines the postwar causes and consequences of the unprecedented globalization of the domestic profession. Douglas M. Haynes is Professor of History at the University of California, Irvine.Trade ReviewContributes not just to the history of British medicine but to global history. It offers a useful and clearly written overview of the complex evolution of medical regulation in Britain. * ISIS, JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE SOCIETY *An excellent departure point for other studies on the important questions of empire, race and gender in the context of the globalisation of medicine. * SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE *Fit to Practice offers a compelling historical study on how policies and practices of the British medical profession developed to exclude, include, and manage people under the empire and its national identity: domestic and overseas doctors, doctors of color, women, and the colonial subjects. . . . Readers who are interested in the historical roles of medicine and medical doctors in the British Empire should find Haynes' work to be thorough and deeply engrossing. * WATERMARK *Haynes' style is clear and his arguments well presented. * BRITISH SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE *Table of ContentsIntroduction Mediating Nation and Empire in the Political Landscape of British Medicine in the World, 1858-86 Expanding the Boundaries of British Medicine to Foreign and Colonial Doctors, 1886-1919 Autonomy and Control: Managing British Medicine in the Age of Decolonization, 1919-30 The International Crisis of World War II and the Differential Treatment of Overseas-Trained Doctors, 1933-48 From Asset to Liability: Overseas Doctors of Color in the United Kingdom, 1955-70 Managing the Political Problem of the Registration of Overseas Doctors, 1971-73 Redefining Access to the Medical Register for Overseas Medical Graduates, 1972-75 Managing a Globalized Workforce within the National Boundaries of British Medicine, 1975 Conclusion: Overseas Doctors Needed, but Not Wanted Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe first book to provide a social and cultural history of bacteriology in colonial India, situating it at the confluence of colonial medical practices, institutionalization, and social movements. During the nineteenth century, European scientists and physicians considered the tropics the natural home of pathogens. Hot and miasmic, the tropical world was the locus of disease, for Euopeans the great enemy of civilization. Inthe late nineteenth century when bacteriological laboratories and institutions were introduced to British India, they were therefore as much an imperial mission to cleanse and civilize a tropical colony as a medical one to eradicate disease. Bacteriology offered a panacea in colonial India, a way by which the multifarious political, social, environmental, and medical problems and anxieties, intrinsically linked to its diseases, could have a single resolution. Bacteriology in British India is the first book to provide a social and cultural history of bacteriology in colonial India, situating it within the confluence of advances in germ theory, Pastuerian vaccines, colonial medicine, laboratory science, and British imperialism. It recounts the genesis of bacteriology and laboratory medicine in India through a complex history of conflict and alignment between Pasteurism and British imperial medicine. By investigating an array of laboratory notes, medical literature, and literary sources, the volume links colonial medical research with issues of poverty, race, nationalism, and imperial attitudes toward tropical climate andwildlife, contributing to a wide field of scholarship like the history of science and medicine, sociology of science, and cultural history. Pratik Chakrabarti is Chair in History of Science and Medicine, University of Manchester.Trade ReviewThis monograph . . . deserves attention for its use of a huge amount of evidence, for filling in a glaring gap in our understanding of colonial medicine, and for challenging and modifying our understanding of colonial medicine in important new ways. * JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE *This book is a meticulously researched appraisal of the meanings of bacteriology and the laboratory. It provides an authoritative challenge to the generalist assumptions inherent in Euro-centered writing. It is bound to become a vital reference source for future research. * ISIS *Pratik Chakrabarti's book is enormously enlightening. Its most obvious achievement is a framing of the history of bacteriology from the perspective of global history. A true eye-opener, it is set to provide insight and inspiration for future studies of the history of medical bacteriology and of colonial science. * BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE *This is a highly innovative study that explores the intersections of laboratory science, medicine, and colonial imperialism. In it, Pratik Chakrabarti persuasively reveals how a blend of Pasteurian ideology and an older 'climatic medicine' produced a new imperial morality in India. --Ilana Löwy, senior research fellow, * INSERM, Paris *[T]his is an extremely detailed book, whose every page is crammed with information from across a diverse range of primary sources. . . . The sheer volume of material present reinforces the meticulous and thorough nature of the research. * BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE *Chakrabarti . . . is placing the seemingly benign paternalism of the colonial powers squarely and uncomfortably into relief. To this end, he is continuing a laudable trend in his own writing that relentlessly investigates the claims made about 'improvement' in the colonial crucibles of experimentation. As such, this is an essential contribution to the literature of the history of medicine in India. * MEDICAL HISTORY *This is a stimulating volume for scholars, teachers and students doing sciences/social sciences and anyone who yearns to know the politics about the establishment of laboratories and animal experimentation or in other words 'the intellectual, social and cultural history of bacteriology in British India'. * STUDIES IN HISTORY *Table of ContentsIntroduction Bacteriology in India: A Moral Paradigm Moral Geographies of Tropical Bacteriology Imperial Laboratories and Animal Experiments "A Land Full of Wild Animals": Snakes, Venoms, andImperial Antidotes Pasteurian Paradigm and Vaccine Research in India Pathogens and Places: Cholera Research in the Tropics Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisArgues that developments in biomedicine in China should be at the center of our understanding of biomedicine, not at the periphery Today China is a major player in advancing the frontiers of biomedicine, yet previous accounts have examined only whether medical ideas and institutions created in the West were successfully transferred to China. This is the firstbook to demonstrate the role China played in creating a globalized biomedicine between 1850 and 1950. This was China's "Century of Humiliation" when imperialist powers dominated China's foreign policy and economy, forcing it to join global trends that included limited public health measures in the nineteenth century and government-sponsored healthcare in the twentieth. These external pressures, combined with a vast population immiserated by imperialism and the decline of the Chinese traditional economy, created extraordinary problems for biomedicine that were both unique to China and potentially applicable to other developing nations. In this book, scholars based in China, the United States, and the United Kingdom make the case that developments in biomedicine in China such as the discovery of new diseases, the opening of the medical profession to women, the mass production of vaccines, and the delivery ofhealthcare to poor rural areas should be at the center of our understanding of biomedicine, not at the periphery. CONTRIBUTORS: Daniel Asen, Nicole Barnes, Mary Augusta Brazelton, Gao Xi , He Xiaolian, Li Shenglan, David Luesink, William H. Schneider, Shi Yan, Yu Xinzhong, DAVID LUESINK is Assistant Professor of History at Sacred Heart University. WILLIAM H. SCHNEIDER is Professor Emeritus of History and Medical Humanities at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis. ZHANG DAQING is Professor and Director, Institute of Medical Humanities at Peking University in Beijing.Trade ReviewIn summary, this volume provides a fascinating illustration of the diversified biomedical field in modern China, solidly anchored in both global and Chinese contexts. It also engages with serious historiographical endeavours to decentralize the West and to grapple with the tension between global modernity and local practice, which will benefit readers from a broad humanities and social sciences. -- H-Net ReviewsTable of ContentsIntroduction: China and the Globalization of Biomedicine - David Luesink PART 1. HYGIENE AND DISEASE CONSTRUCTION IN LATE QING CHINA Reflections on the Modernity of Sanitation Construction in the Late Qing Dynasty - Yu Xinzhong Discovering Diseases: Research on the Globalization of Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century China - Gao Xi PART 2. THE INDIGENIZATION OF BIOMEDICINE IN REPUBLICAN CHINA Globalizing Biomedicine through Sino-Japanese Networks: The Case of National Medical College, Beijing, 1912-1937 - Daniel Asen Globalizing Biomedicine through Sino-Japanese Networks: The Case of National Medical College, Beijing, 1912-1937 - David Luesink An Abortive Amalgamation: Multiple Western-Style Doctors in Republican China, 1927-1937 - Shi Yan Shanghai's Female Doctors: A Discussion of the Gendered Politics of Modern Medical Professionalization - He Xiaolian PART 3. THE SPREAD OF BIOMEDICINE TO SOUTHWEST CHINA, 1937-1945 A Social History of Wartime Nursing Training in Hunan, 1937-1945 - Li Shenglan Frontiers of Immunology: Medical Migrations to Yunnan, Vaccine Research and Public Health During the War with Japan, 1937-1945 - Mary Augusta Brazelton Serving the People: Chen Zhiqian and the Sichuan Provincial Health Administration, 1939-1949 - Nicole Barnes Afterword: Western Medicine and Global Health - William H. Schneider List of Chinese and Japanese Names and Terms Notes on Contributors

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Book SynopsisHow Western medicine has transformed--and been transformed by--African cultureTrade Review"David Baronov has not hesitated to tread where few would dare. His study of African biomedicine is a unique application of the world-systems perspective to an area that has not heretofore been an object of the perspective's analytical lens." -Roderick Bush, St. John's UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgements 1. The Origins of African Biomedicine 2. Dissecting Western Medicine 3. Biomedicine's Civilizing Mission 4. African Pluralistic Medicine and Its Biomedical Antecedents 5. African Biomedicine References Index

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Book Synopsis"English," wrote Virginia Woolf, "which can express the thoughts of Hamlet and the tragedy of Lear, has no words for the shiver and the headache. . . . let a sufferer try to describe a pain in his head to a doctor and language at once runs dry."Despite Woolf's astute observation and the apparent dearth of writings on such subjects, editor Kathleen O'Shea has managed to gather a wide selection of helpful excerpts, chapters, poetry, and even a short play in this anthology—all with a view toward increasing our understanding and ending the stigma attached to migraines and migraine sufferers. Unlike clinical materials, this anthology addresses the feelings and symptoms that the writers have experienced, sometimes daily. These pieces speak freely about the loneliness and helplessness one feels when a migraine comes on. The sufferer faces nausea, pain, sensitivity to light, and having the veracity of all these symptoms doubted by others. O'Shea, a professor of literature and a migraine sufferer herself, also includes an original essay of her own reflections.Offered as an alternative not only to medical writing but also to self-help books and internet blogs, So Much More Than a Headache addresses a real omission in the available works on migraine, provides a resource for those who may have underestimated the depth and range of writing on this subject, and challenges the cultural bias that dismisses migraine as "just a headache."Trade ReviewWhile there are many consumer health guides on migraines, O'Shea's book is unique in that it compiles selections from essays, novels, and short stories, written by well-known authors (many also migraineurs) such as Emily Dickinson, Virginia Woolf, Joan Didion, Oliver Sachs, and others lesser known, arranged around basic themes: what it feels like, what people don't see, and how to describe the indescribable. VERDICT:A valuable resource to help migraineurs see their sufferings put into words and to help friends and family, bosses and co-workers, and physicians gain more empathy and understanding." - Library Journal

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Book SynopsisPersonal essays relating key issues and insights from women in medicine What We Bring to the Practice of Medicine brings together a collection of short essays from women physicians working in diverse fields of medicine around the world. Through compassion, humor, and resiliency, their stories reveal the truth of what life is like for a variety of women in medicine.While men and women physicians face different challenges and bring different historical experiences to the examination table, the history of medicine has been primarily told by men. Doctors Kimberly Greene-Liebowitz and Dana Corriel compile the pieces in this collection to highlight the many topics of concern for women physicians––some of which may be unknown to medical field outsiders. Topics include the physician-patient relationship, mastery of clinical practice, barriers to career advancement and success, and the challenge of balancing a demanding professional life with domestic responsibilities, an issue brought to the fore by the COVID-19 pandemic.What We Bring to the Practice of Medicine showcases the experiences of women physicians at every stage of their careers as well—from the beginning of medical school to the brink of retirement. These 40 essays are an expansive, unprecedented examination of what drives clinical and personal decisions and demonstrate how a physician's character is intricately intertwined with their approach to caregiving and the practice of medicine.Trade Review"A necessary and urgent collection of immense wisdom and humor, vulnerability and strength, and, most of all, the voices of extraordinary women."—Jay Baruch, MD, author of Tornado of Life: A Doctor's Journey through Constraints and Creativity in the ER "If it's possible for the pages of a book to actually live and breathe in your hands, this is it. These pages move and have a pulse of their own. The prose is exceptional; the stories are absolutely captivating. Each page is a gem in its own right. I will never look at my female colleagues the same way again; I don't think I appreciated the extra level of heroism required of women in medicine. I'm a better person for having read What We Bring to the Practice of Medicine."—Louis M. Profeta, MD, author of The Patient in Room Nine Says He's God "Raw, genuine accounts of . . . medical professionals. These are personal narratives by female physicians juggling professional and personal roles, struggling with grief and exceptionally long hours, sacrificing, and facing fear. Each vignette provides a new angle, a new struggle, a new reward."—Kathleen O'Shea, author of So Much More Than a Headache: Understanding Migraine through Literature

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Book SynopsisIn 1948, when 'Mrs. G.,' hospitalized with debilitating rheumatoid arthritis, became the first person to receive a mysterious new compound -- cortisone -- her physicians were awestruck by her transformation from enervated to energized. After eighteen years of biochemical research, the most intensively hunted biological agent of all time had finally been isolated, identified, synthesized, and put to the test. And it worked. But the discovery of a long-sought 'magic bullet' came at an unanticipated cost in the form of strange side effects. This fascinating history recounts the discovery of cortisone and pulls the curtain back on the peculiar cast of characters responsible for its advent, including two enigmatic scientists, Edward Kendall and Philip Hench, who went on to receive the Nobel Prize. The book also explores the key role the Mayo Clinic played in fostering cortisone's development, and looks at drugs that owe their heritage to the so-called 'King of Steroids.'

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Book SynopsisPioneer Science and the Great Plagues covers the century when infectious plagues - anthrax, tuberculosis, tetanus, plague, smallpox, and polio - were conquered, and details the important role that veterinary scientists played. The narrative is driven by astonishing events that centered on animal disease: the influenza pandemic of 1872, discovery of the causes of anthrax and tuberculosis in the 1880s, conquest of Texas cattle fever and then yellow fever, German anthrax attacks on the United States during World War I, the tuberculin war of 1931, Japanese biological warfare in the 1940s, and today's bioterror dangers. Veterinary science in the rural Midwest arose from agriculture, but in urban Philadelphia it came from medicine; similar differences occurred in Canada between Toronto and Montreal. As land-grant colleges were established after the American Civil War, individual states followed divergent pathways in supporting veterinary science. Some employed a trade school curriculum that taught agriculturalists to empirically treat animal diseases and others emphasized a curriculum tied to science. This pattern continued for a century, but today some institutions have moved back to the trade school philosophy. Avoiding lessons of the 1910 Flexner Report on medical education reform, university-associated veterinary schools are being approved that do not have control of their own veterinary hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, and research institutes - components that are critical for training students in science. Underlying this change were twin idiosyncrasies of culture - disbelief in science and distrust of government - that spawned scientology, creationism, anti-vaccination movements, and other anti-science scams. As new infectious plagues continue to arise, Pioneer Science and the Great Plagues details the strategies we learned defeating plagues from 1860 to 1960 - and the essential role veterinary science played. To defeat the plagues of today it is essential we avoid the digital cocoon of disbelief in science and cultural stasis now threatening progress.Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Part I. Prologue 1. The Veterinary Schools of Europe 2. Edward Jenner: Zoologist, Physician, Pioneer 3. William Dick: From Farrier to Veterinarian in Edinburgh 4. The Science Giants of 1860: Pasteur, Virchow, and Darwin 5. Robert Koch: Game Change Part II. Farrier to Veterinarian 6. Emigrants West: Ohio Country, Iowa Territory, and Tejas 7. The Canadian Midwest: Divergence of Lower and Upper Canada 8. Pioneers in the Midwest Frontier: Physicians in Veterinary Practice 9. New Plagues, Civil War, and the United States Department of Agriculture 10. Agriculture and Veterinary Science in the Midwest Part III. Pioneering Veterinary Education 11. Urban East Versus Rural West: Montreal and New York Diss Toronto and Iowa 12. The Pioneer State Colleges: Iowa, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Cornell 13. Plagues and the Bureau of Animal Industry 14. Bacteriology in the Heartland 15. The 1890s: Horse Markets and Enrollments Drop Part iv. Livestock and Veterinarians Go West 16. Private Veterinary Schools: Chicago, Kansas City, and Indianapolis 17. Public Veterinary Schools: The Second-Generation Pioneers 18. The Bureau of Animal Industry and Hog Cholera 19. Veterinary Education, Charles Stange, and the Flexner Report 20. World War I: Biowarfare, Prejudice, and the U.S. ArmyVeterinary Corps Part v. Ascendance 21. Agricultural Depression Amidst a National Boom: The 1920s 22. 1929: Prelude to Bad Times 23. Public Health and Distrust of Government: The Tuberculin War 24. A Depression Paradox: Culture and Science 25. New Deal: Discoveries in Infectious Disease Part vi. Duty Required 26. War: The Home Front 27. Veterinary Corps and Bioterror 28. Postwar Investigations of Enemy Biological Warfare 29. Prelude to the Science Revolution 30. The Atomic Age Part vii. Transformation 31. New Programs, New Laboratories: Malaria, Polio, and New Viruses 32. Comparative Medicine: Models for Leukemia 33. Grassroots Mandates: The National Research Centers for Livestock Diseases 34. Old Plagues in the Wild: The National Wildlife Centers 35. New Plagues: Scrapie, Mad Cow Disease, and the Prion Part VIII. Epilogue 36. The Farm Crises of 1980–1995: Distrust of Science 37. The Gender Shift 38. Biopolitics 39. Bioterror, Anthrax, and the National Animal Health Networks 40. Anti-Science Scams and Keys to Progress Appendixes Notes Index

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Book SynopsisA new model of health emerged in Britain between 1870 and 1939. Centered on the working body, organized around the concept of efficiency, and grounded in scientific understandings of human labor, scientists, politicians, and capitalists of the era believed that national economic productivity could be maximized by transforming the body of the worker into a machine. At the core of this approach was the conviction that worker productivity was intimately connected to worker health.Under this new "science of work," fatigue was seen as the ultimate pathology of the working-class body, reducing workers' capacity to perform continued physical or mental labor. As Steffan Blayney shows, the equation between health and efficiency did not go unchallenged. While biomedical and psychological experts sought to render the body measurable, governable, and intelligible, ordinary men and women found ways to resist the logics of productivity and efficiency imposed on them, and to articulate alternative perspectives on work, health, and the body.

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Book SynopsisWhen Dr David Hosack tilled the America’s first botanical garden in the Manhattan soil more than two hundred years ago, he didn’t just dramatically alter the New York landscape; he left a monumental legacy of advocacy for public health and wide-ranging support for the sciences. A charismatic dreamer admired by the likes of Jefferson, Madison and Humboldt, and intimate friends with both Hamilton and Burr, the Columbia professor devoted his life to inspiring Americans to pursue medicine and botany with a rigour to rival Europe’s. Though he was shoulder-to-shoulder with the founding fathers Hosack and his story remain unknown. Now, in melodic prose, Victoria Johnson eloquently chronicles Hosack’s tireless career to reveal the breadth of his impact. Trade Review"... Victoria Johnson’s fine science biography... A rich and compelling read." -- Nature"[A] captivating biography… Along the way, [Victoria Johnson] restores this attractive polymath—who today is mainly remembered, thanks to a small role in a certain hip-hop musical, as the doctor-in-attendance at the 1804 duel between two of his patients, Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton —to his rightful place in American history. The rescue from oblivion is long overdue… Johnson, an associate professor of urban planning at Hunter College and an authority on botanic gardens, never allows her subject’s many achievements to weigh down her narrative. She writes trippingly, with engaging fluency and wit. She has a lovely way of conjuring up early New York and its denizens—the workers calling out as they unload cargo at the docks; the gentlemen crowding into the Tontine Coffee House for the news of the day. The book’s botany-related passages are particularly vivid. The author writes of plants delightedly, precisely—as Hosack himself might have done." -- Penelope Rowlands - The Wall Street Journal"If Rockefeller Center is haunted, a likely candidate for the ghost is David Hosack, the doctor-botanist who assembled a major plant collection on the site starting in 1801... Victoria Johnson’s American Eden unearths Hosack, who was lauded in his lifetime but largely forgotten since. Hosack’s Columbia lectures were, as one student said, “as good as the theater,” and so is Johnson’s storytelling. She weaves his biography with threads of history — political, medical and scientific — and the tale of an up-and-coming New York City. An innovative medical practitioner, he was the friend and doctor Hamilton and Burr had in attendance on that July morning along the Weehawken cliffs for their ill-starred duel. Did Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton leave you with an appetite for more? American Eden will not disappoint... In her ambitious and entertaining book Johnson connects past to present. David Hosack’s garden may have been short-lived, but in our parks, gardens, medical practices and pharmacology, his efforts continue to bear fruit." -- Marta McDowell - The New York Times Book Review"Victoria Johnson follows Hosack’s life and legacy through a range of detail and social context which answers all the answerable questions. It is 54 years since Hosack was the subject of a full biography. Johnson has added some more details, written in a lively way and has related him to other prominent people of his lifetime." -- Financial Times"American Eden’s many glimpses of the swamps, meadows, fields and flora lying beneath the city, meticulously mapped, are among its greatest pleasures." -- Times Literary Supplement

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Book SynopsisA history of the University of Rochester Medical Center's Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Division from its inception in 1947 through 2019. The field of intellectual and developmental disabilities has evolved dramatically from the end of the nineteenth century, changing from dehumanizing institutional care to community-based services and supports. The University of Rochester Medical Center's response to community needs in this field began in 1947. This book describes the history of its Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, written by the only two chiefs the division has had. The narrative traces the first effort to provide diagnostic service to parents of affected children and describes the emergence of a full program of interdisciplinary services, education of future leaders, community-based consultation, and research. It shows how the division's growth was molded by changing needs in the region and the world. It also tells the story of how a multidisciplinary program can emerge and thrive in a research-oriented medical center and serve as a bridge between a university and its community partners. Finally, it underscores the time-consuming process of program development, including building trust, acquiring needed resources, and maintaining the highest quality of programming during both good and difficult times.Table of ContentsForeword Preface Historical Context Laying a Foundation Opportunities Changing of the Guard Emergence of Focus Team Building Maturation Interlude Expansion Emergence of Research Programs Change in the Wind Beyond Dreams DBP's Clinical Program Expands Dramatic Growth of Autism Research Changing Relationships Epilogue Acknowledgements

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Book SynopsisExamines psychiatric epidemiology's unique evolution, conceptually and socially, within and between diverse regions and cultures, underscoring its growing influence on the biopolitics of nations and worldwide health campaigns. Psychiatric epidemiology, like the epidemiology of cancer, heart disease, or AIDS, contributes increasingly to shaping the biopolitics of nations and worldwide health campaigns. Despite the field's importance, this is the first volume of historical scholarship addressing psychiatric epidemiology. It seeks to comprehensively trace the development of the discipline and the mobilization of its constructs, methods, and tools to further social ends. It is through this double lens—conceptual and social—that it envisions the history of psychiatric epidemiology. Furthermore, its chapters constitute elements for that history as a global phenomenon, formed by multiple approaches. Those numerous historical paths have not resulted in a uniform disciplinary field based on a common paradigm, as happened arguably in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and cancer, but in a plurality of psychiatric epidemiologies driven by different intellectual questions, political strategies, reformist ideals, national cultures, colonial experiences, international influences, and social control objectives. When examined together, the chapters depict an uneven global development of epidemiologies formed within distinct political-cultural regions but influenced by the transnational circulation and selective uptake of concepts, techniques, and expertise. These moved through multidirectional pathways between and within the Global North and South. Authored by historians, anthropologists, and psychiatrists, chapters trace this complex history, focusing on Brazil, Nigeria, Senegal, India, Taiwan, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, as well as multicountry networks.Trade ReviewThis book is a must-read for health professionals and historians who are interested in exploring the origins of current research including the legacies of colonialism. * SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction Anne M. Lovell and Gerald M. Oppenheimer Part One: Constructing Mental Health Utopias and Dystopias with Epidemiology 1. From Epidemics of Terror to Landscapes of Fear: Psychiatric Epidemiology and the Psychological Reconstruction of Post-War Britain Rhodri Hayward 2. Self-Participatory Surveillance: The Hisayama Study on Dementia in Japan Junko Kitanaka 3. A Local Epistemic History of Psychiatric Epidemiology in Brazil: Pathways of Divergence from Global Epidemiology Naomar Almeida-Filho Part Two: Troubling the Boundaries of Psychiatric Epidemiology 4. When Risk Factor Epidemiology Met Mental Health: The Narrative of Cardiovascular Disease and the Type A Personality Pattern Gerald M. Oppenheimer and Richard Neugebauer 5. The First Epidemiological Studies in the Transcultural Psychiatry Section at McGill University Emmanuel Delille Part Three: De-centering Psychiatric Epidemiology in a Postcolonial world 6. Of Fairies, Robots, Witches, and Zombies: Conceptualizing a History of Cross-Cultural Psychiatric Epidemiology in Nigeria Matthew M. Heaton 7. Bringing Psychiatric Epidemiology to a Senegalese "Living Laboratory": Knowledge-Production and Erasure in the Interstices of Science Anne M. Lovell 8. The Evolution of Community Epidemiological Studies in India: A Subaltern Critique Pratap Sharan, Ananya Mahapatra, Debjani Das, and Alok Sarin 9. Taming the Tropics with Numbers: The Origins of Psychiatric Epidemiology in Colonial Taiwan Harry Yi-Jui Wu Selected Bibliography Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisBenjamin Rush (1745-1813) casts a long shadow over American medicine as well as over the social and political history of the American republic. The Philadelphia physician involved himself in numerous social, political, and scientific projects while maintaining a busy practice and lecturing to thousands of students over his career. As a result, attempts by historians to make sense of Rush and his world have been complicated and contradictory. Nevertheless, it is within that mixed narrative of the social, medical, and political that Rush's story becomes its most compelling. At the end of the Revolutionary War, new American citizens found themselves in a new country. For Rush and his colleagues, that newness extended beyond a change in political structure. They believed that the physical challenges of growing cities and western expansion and the psychological challenges of new identities came together in ways that could help or hurt American health. From his vantage point at one of the nation's few medical schools, located in its intellectual capital, Rush developed a reputation as America's physician—while mixing social and scientific ideas for the "improvement" of the country as a whole. Putting Rush in this context, Benjamin Rush, Civic Health, and Human Illness in the Early American Republic goes beyond biography to explore his social and scientific networks and their role in the development of a distinctly American medical profession.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: "Truth is a Unit" Part I-Making an American System Chapter 1-The Education of Benjamin Rush Chapter 2-An American Physician Chapter 3-Making and Sharing Medical Knowledge Chapter 4-Learning from Bodies Part II-Using an American System Chapter 5-Explaining Variation in American Bodies Chapter 6-Confronting Climatic Ills Chapter 7-Care, Curing, and Prevention in American Institutions Chapter 8-Prepping the Next Generation of "Republican Machines" Epilogue Bibliography Abbreviations Sources Cited Index

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Book SynopsisRochester Adolescent Medicine has a long history as one of the earliest programs in the country. Spanning over six decades, the program has grown from a weekly ambulatory session to a fully functioning division of the Department of Pediatrics with an array of complex clinical, research, educational, and community programs of national/international significance. Interviews with over thirty former and present University residents, fellows, and faculty members in Adolescent Medicine showcase these practitioners' extraordinary passion and dedication for caring for adolescents and their families. Faculty and former fellows from Rochester Adolescent Medicine have been leaders at the forefront of almost every major decision about the field of Adolescent Medicine since its inception. Adolescent Medicine has never been more critical than it is now, and the field continues its dedication to equity, diversity, and integrity in all programs. This book celebrates Rochester's six-decade contributions to optimum health for adolescents and their families; the partnership with the University of Rochester and the Rochester community; and the training of future generations of leaders in Adolescent Medicine.Table of ContentsPreface List of Abbreviations 1. Frank M. Biro, MD 2. Erica A. Bostick, MD 3. Suzanne J. Bumpus, RN, MS, FNP-c 4. Adrienne Stith Butler, PhD 5. Giuseppina "Giosi" Di Meglio, MD, MPH, FRCP, FSAHM 6. Arthur B. Elster, MD, MJ 7. Fellows (Recent Graduates): Nicole Cifra, MD, MPH, MHPEd Melissa A. Dundas, MD, FAAP Amy Y. Paul, DO 8. Maury Frieman, EdD, MSW, MSc 9. Katherine Blumoff Greenberg, MD 10. Donald E. Greydanus MD, Dr. HC (ATHENS) 11. Lisa B. Handwerker, MD, FAAP 12. Jonathan D. Klein, MD, MPH 13. Cheryl M. Kodjo, MD, MPH 14. Richard E. Kreipe, MD 15. Elizabeth R. McAnarney, MD 16. Laurie A. Mitan, MD, FAAP 17. Steve North, MD, MPH, FAAFP 18. Donald P. Orr, MD 19. Kathy H. Rideout, EdD, PPCNP-BC, FNAP 20. Brett W. Robbins, MD 21. Sheryl A. Ryan, MD 22. Olle Jane (O.J.) Sahler, MD 23. David M. Siegel, MD, MPH 24. Taylor B. Starr, DO, MPH 25. Helene Thompson-Scott, CNM, MS 26. Jane I. Tuttle, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, FAANP 27. LeKeyah N. Wilson, MD 28. W. Sam Yancy, MD 29. Susan (Shellie) M. Yussman, MD, MPH

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Book SynopsisThe first treatise of its kind to be written in a European vernacular. Around 1460, Michele Savonarola produced the extraordinary Mother’s Manual for the Women of Ferrara, a gynecological, obstetrical, and pediatric treatise composed in the vernacular so that it could be read not only by the learned but also by pregnant and nursing mothers and the midwives and wet nurses who presided over childbirth. Savonarola’s work is not merely a trivial set of instructions, but the work of a learned scholar who drew on, among others, the ancient Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen, and Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine. The first of its kind, Savonarola’s Mother’s Manual helps readers understand both the development of late-medieval and early-modern obstetrics and gynecology, as well as the experiences of women who turn to advice books for help with reproductive issues. This book also provides a key to understanding why and how a new genre of book—the midwifery manual or advice book for pregnant women—arose in sixteenth-century Italy and eventually became a popular genre all over Europe from the early modern period to the present day. Trade Review“Savonarola’s fifteenth-century manual on obstetric and pediatric medicine, written in the vernacular, is the first text of its kind that could be read not only by male practitioners but also by uneducated midwives and women in general—or such was its stated purpose, for it was addressed to ‘the women of Ferrara.’ The introduction by Zuccolin offers a thorough reading of the innovative work by the Ferrarese physician Michele Savonarola. The translation by Marafioti is both accurate and instructive, subtly capturing the distinctive voice of the author. Savonarola’s manual is a wonderful addition to the great works by women and on women’s issues that The Other Voice Series has lovingly published through the years.” -- Valeria Finucci , Professor Emerita of Romance Studies, Duke UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIllustrationsIntroductionA Mother’s Manual for the Women of FerraraTo the Women of Ferrara Treatise OneTreatise TwoTreatise Three: On Raising ChildrenBibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a global overview of pioneers in international psychology with contributions from distinguished authors from representative nations around the world. Chapters offer biographical profiles describing the personal histories and professional contributions of leading figures in psychology from across the globe that represent the diversity of psychology. This volume can serve as a core or supplemental text for a broad range of courses in Psychology, International Studies, and Education, with particular interest to those teaching international psychology, cross-cultural psychology, and history of psychology.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a global overview of pioneers in international psychology with contributions from distinguished authors from representative nations around the world. Chapters offer biographical profiles describing the personal histories and professional contributions of leading figures in psychology from across the globe that represent the diversity of psychology. This volume can serve as a core or supplemental text for a broad range of courses in Psychology, International Studies, and Education, with particular interest to those teaching international psychology, cross-cultural psychology, and history of psychology.

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Book SynopsisAn archaeological site that tells a story of structural violence in medical researchIn 2010, a pit containing over 4,000 human skeletal elements was discovered at the site of the former Army hospital at Point San Jose in San Francisco. Local archaeologists determined that the bones, which were found alongside medical waste artifacts from the hospital, were remains from anatomical dissections conducted in the 1870s. As no records of these dissections exist, this volume turns to historical, archaeological, and bioarchaeological analysis to understand the function of the pit and the identities of the people represented in it. In these essays, contributors show how the remains discovered are postmortem manifestations of social inequality, evidence that nineteenth-century surgical and anatomical research benefited from and perpetuated structural violence against marginalized individuals.A volume in the series Bioarchaeological Interpretations of the Human Past: Local, Regional, and Global Perspectives, edited by Clark Spencer Larsen

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Book SynopsisIn Hippocrasy, two world-leading doctors – rheumatologist and epidemiologist Rachelle Buchbinder and orthopaedic surgeon Ian Harris – reveal the true state of modern medicine and how doctors are letting their patients down. They argue that the benefits of treatments are often wildly overstated and the harms understated. That overtreatment and overdiagnosis are rife. And the medical system is not fit for purpose: designed to deliver health care not health.This powerful exposé blows the lid off everything from rampant overdiagnosis and overtreatment (revealing the tests, drugs and treatment that provide no benefit for the patient), to the role of Big Pharma and the inherent problem of a medical system based on treating rather than preventing illness. The book also provides tips to empower patients and solutions to help restructure how medicine is delivered so doctors can live up to their Hippocratic Oath.Trade Review'One of the hardest things for a doctor to do ... is nothing. This superb book explains how in medicine and surgery less is often not just more, it’s closer to the oath we’re all supposed to practise by.' — Norman Swan, award-winning producer and broadcaster of the Health Report and Coronacast 'This eye-opening and enthralling book on the medical and moral hazards which beset the health profession is a must-read for patients and practitioners alike. From ‘tooth-fairy science’ to medical disasters to the inflated business world of medicine, Hippocrasy is a profoundly thought-provoking and compelling work that challenges our perception of the practice of modern medicine.' — Kate McClymont AM, award-winning investigative journalist for the Sydney Morning Herald/The Age 'Doctors are educated to do good. Yet, as the commercial imperatives of the medical industrial complex tighten their grip, doctors are becoming more and more worried that they are inflicting harm rather than creating benefit. This book is for them and, perhaps even more importantly, for their patients. The road to hell is paved with good intentions: read Hippocrasy and turn back.' — Iona Heath CBE, former President, The Royal College of General Practitioners 'This brilliant book offers clear and compelling evidence that we’re all at risk from too much medicine. Using the best of science, these two respected doctors blow the whistle on harmful healthcare. Buchbinder and Harris reveal how overdiagnosis, overtreatment and the medicalisation of normal life are major threats to human health. But this brilliant book also brings hope that we can wind back the harm and waste of unnecessary tests and treatments, and focus more on the great benefits medicine has to offer.' — Ray Moynihan, author of Too Much Medicine? and Selling Sickness, Assistant Professor, Bond University 'About half of us in advantaged countries are now patients or ‘providers’, or both, and a third of clinical interventions are futile at best. Seeking health is daunting and we could benefit from a guide. Rachelle Buchbinder and Ian Harris have provided such with this volume.' — Nortin M Hadler, author of The Last Well Person, The Citizen Patient and Worried Sick, Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, University of North Carolina' Throughout medical history, doctors have routinely ignored the fundamental Hippocratic injunction: ‘First, do no harm’. Most of their treatments produced lots of harms, with little or no benefit. This wonderful book punctures the hyped claims of modern medicine, showing that it is not nearly as scientific, safe, effective, and honest as it should be. Reading Hippocrasy is essential for doctors (to help make them become more cautious); but even more essential for patients (to help them become more self-protective).' — Allen Frances, author of Saving Normal, Professor and Chairman Emeritus of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine 'A timely book from two leading doctors. They present evidence that despite medicine’s lip-service to evidence-based medicine, many unnecessary, wasteful and harmful investigations and treatments abound.' — Trish Greenhalgh OBE, Professor of Primary Care Research, University of Oxford

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Book SynopsisIn Dark Winter, world-leading epidemiologist Professor Raina MacIntyre navigates the past, present and future of pandemics and biosecurity. MacIntyre examines the history of biological warfare (and why it is called the 'poor man's nuke'), Soviet and US bioweapons programmes, developments in genetic engineering, synthetic biology and catastrophic laboratory accidents. She also explores the COVID-19 pandemic and the heated debate around its origins, and shares the analysis she has conducted in trying to determine whether it's a natural or unnatural pandemic.Looking ahead, MacIntyre outlines the future of genetic engineering, synthetic biology and bioterrorism, and the national and global security needed to manage quantum changes in technology, along with how we might avoid future pandemics.

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Book SynopsisVaccines have helped mankind to tackle the dire threat of infectious disease for more than a hundred years. They have become key tools of public health and scientists are charged with developing them as quickly as possible to combat the emergence of new diseases such as Zika, SARS and Ebola. But why are growing numbers of parents all over the world now questioning the wisdom of having their children vaccinated? Why have public-sector vaccine producers been sold off? And can we trust the multinational corporations that increasingly dominate vaccine development and production? In this controversial new book, Stuart Blume argues that the processes of globalization and people's unsatisfied healthcare needs are eroding faith in the institutions producing and providing vaccines. He tells the history of immunization practices, from the work of early pioneers such as Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch to the establishment of the World Health Organization and the introduction of genetic engineering. Immunization exposes the limits of public health authorities while suggesting how they can restore our confidence.Public health experts and all those considering vaccinations should read this timely history.

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Book SynopsisWinner of the 2019 NUI Publication Prize in Irish History. This book is the first comprehensive history of the anti-diphtheria campaign and the factors which facilitated or hindered the rollout of the national childhood immunization programme in Ireland. It is easy to forget the context in which Irish society opted to embrace mass childhood immunization. Dwyer shows us how we got where we are. He restores Diphtheria’s reputation as one of the most prolific child-killers of nineteenth and early twentieth-century Ireland and explores the factors which allowed the disease to take a heavy toll on child health and life-expectancy. Public health officials in the fledgling Irish Free State set the eradication of diphtheria among their first national goals, and eschewing the reticence of their British counterparts, adopted anti-diphtheria immunization as their weapon of choice. An unofficial alliance between Irish medical officers and the British pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome placed Ireland on the European frontline of the bacteriological revolution, however, Wellcome sponsored vaccine trials in Ireland side-lined the human rights of Ireland’s most vulnerable citizens: institutional children in state care. An immunization accident in County Waterford, and the death of a young girl, raised serious questions regarding the safety of the immunization process itself, resulting in a landmark High Court case and the Irish Medical Union’s twelve-year long withdrawal of immunization services. As childhood immunization is increasingly considered a lifestyle choice, rather than a lifesaving intervention, this book brings historical context to bear on current debate.Trade ReviewReviews'Strangling Angel is well written, interesting and thoroughly researched, drawing on a variety of new primary sources. It is not a history of immunisation in the British Isles, but differences in approach between progressive Ireland and Britain are highlighted. It will be useful to medical, political and social historians with an interest in infections and their prevention.'William Dibb, British Society for the History of Medicine'The documentary research in this book cannot be faulted. It includes painstaking examinations of wide-ranging archival materials as well as making extensive use of contemporary governmental, popular and scientific publications. ... Altogether, this is a promising first book from a talented scholar.' Oisín Wall, Social History of Medicine‘Michael Dwyer charts the history of diphtheria in Ireland with a strong focus on the controversies that arose when immunization was introduced in the early twentieth century […] Strangling Angel is among the most significant medical history monographs that has emerged from Ireland in recent years.' Ian Miller, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences ‘Dwyer’s work comfortably takes its place among the timely and burgeoning international literature on the history of vaccination and immunization, along with that devoted to the broader development of public health policy and programs.' J.T.H. Connor, Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 'Dwyer’s account of the history of diphtheria in Ireland not only provides us with a documented history of the disease for the island of Ireland but also highlights the issues that still surrounded the disease and its prevention.'Anne Hardy, Bulletin of the History of Medicine'Strangling Angel makes an important contribution to the history of health and medicine in Ireland. It will also be of interest to social historians concerned with the treatment of children in historical state-run institutions... Starting from a place in which diphtheria remained largely concealed in the historical record, Strangling Angel brings the disease to centre stage.'Alice Mauger, Irish Social and Economic History'Strangling Angel won the NUI prize in history... Although it was formally an academic work, Dwyer writes in a clear prose, so a casual reader who is willing to put in the effort will be rewarded.' Joe Culley, History IrelandTable of ContentsAcknowledgements ix Introduction 1 1 Aetiology of Diphtheria in Pre-independence Ireland 13 The ‘Strangling Angel’ in Ireland 16 Know Thine Enemy 27 2 Diphtheria ‘Arrives’ 32 Diphtheria in Cork City 36 Public Health Reform in the Irish Free State 41 The Development of Antitoxin as an Anti-diphtheria Prophylactic 45 3 Anti-diphtheria Immunization in the Irish Free State 51 Anti-diphtheria Immunization in Dublin 63 J. C. Saunders Anti-diphtheria Intervention in Cork City 70 4 Developing Burroughs Wellcome Alum-Toxoid 77 Vaccine Trials in Cork City 82 Further Vaccine Trials 90 5 The Ring College Immunization Disaster 101 Inquest at Ring 110 Preparing for Battle 120 6 O’Cionnfaola v. the Wellcome Foundation and Daniel McCarthy 126 After Ring 134 7 Towards a National Immunization Programme 144 Dublin 153 End of an Epidemic 163 Conclusion 170 Bibliography 178 Index 195

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Book SynopsisContrary to what Simone de Beauvoir famously argued in 1949, men have not lived without knowing the burdens of their sex. Though men may have been elevated to cultural positions of strength and privilege, it has not been without intense scrutiny of their biological functions. Investigations of male potency and the ‘ability to perform’ have long been mainstays of social, political, and artistic discourse and have often provoked spirited and partisan declarations on what it means to be a man. This interdisciplinary collection considers the tensions that have developed between the historical privilege often ascribed to the male and the vulnerabilities to which his body is prone. Andrew Mangham and Daniel Lea’s introduction illustrates how with the dawn of modern medicine during the Renaissance there emerged a complex set of languages for describing the male body not only as a symbol of strength, but as flesh and bone prone to illness, injury and dysfunction. Using a variety of historical and literary approaches, the essays consider the critical ways in which medicine’s interactions with literature reveal vital clues about the ways sex, gender, and identity are constructed through treatments of a range of ‘pathologies’ including deformity, venereal disease, injury, nervousness, and sexual difference. The relationships between male medicine and ideals of potency and masculinity are searchingly explored through a broad range of sources including African American slave fictions, southern gothic, early modern poetry, Victorian literature, and the Modern novel.Trade ReviewReviews 'This volume will make an original and distinctive contribution to the fields of masculinities, gender studies, history of medicine, disabilities studies, literature, and studies of the body.' Joanne Ella Parsons, Bath Spa University'He offers an account of the influence of dissection on Donne’s poetry [...and] McKinstry builds gracefully on earlier studies, emphasizing how Donne uses dissection to confirm integrities beyond the reach of exposure.'Joseph Loewenstein, Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 (SEL)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Notes on Contributors 1. Introduction Andrew Mangham and Daniel Lea ENQUIRY AND EXPERIMENTATION 2. The Poetics of Anatomy: John Donne’s Dissection of the Male Body - Jamie McKinstry 3. The Black Male Body in Early African American Science Fiction: The Experimental Case of Sutton Griggs’s Imperium in Imperio - Marlene D. Allen 4. Miserrimus Dexter: Monstrous Forms of the Fin de Siècle - Katherine Angell 5. ‘Intellectual suicides’: The Man of Letters in Middlemarch - Christine Crockett Sharp WOUNDED AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGIZED BODIES 6. The Male Wound in Fin de Siècle Poetry - Sarah Parker 7. The Cacophony of Disaster: The Metaphorical Body of Sound in Don DeLillo’s Falling Man - Inbar Kaminsky 8. ‘Human nature is remorseless’ : Masculinity, Medical Science and Nervous Conditions in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway - Avishek Parui 9. ‘A man must make himself’: Hypochondria in Maria Edgeworth’s Ennui - Robin Runia FEAR, CONFUSION AND CONTAGION 10. ‘Sons of Belial’: Contaminated/Contaminating Victorian Male Bodies - Lesley A. Hall 11. Syphilis and Sociability: The Impolite Bodies of Two Gentlemen, James Boswell (1740-1795) and Sylas Neville (1741-1840) - Leigh Wetherall-Dickson 12. ‘’Tis My Father’s Fault’: Tristram Shandy and Paternal Imagination - Jenifer Buckley 13. Southern Gothic and the Queer Male Body - Thomas Lawrence Long Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first comprehensive history of medical student culture and medical education in Ireland from the middle of the nineteenth century until the 1950s. Utilising a variety of rich sources, including novels, newspapers, student magazines, doctors’ memoirs, and oral history accounts, it examines Irish medical student life and culture, incorporating students’ educational and extra-curricular activities at all of the Irish medical schools. The book investigates students' experiences in the lecture theatre, hospital, dissecting room and outside their studies, such as in ‘digs’, sporting teams and in student societies, illustrating how representations of medical students changed in Ireland over the period and examines the importance of class, religious affiliation and the appropriate traits that students were expected to possess. It highlights religious divisions as well as the dominance of the middle classes in Irish medical schools while also exploring institutional differences, the students’ decisions to pursue medical education, emigration and the experiences of women medical students within a predominantly masculine sphere. Through an examination of the history of medical education in Ireland, this book builds on our understanding of the Irish medical profession while also contributing to the wider scholarship of student life and culture. It will appeal to those interested in the history of medicine, the history of education and social history in modern Ireland.Trade Review'Irish medical education and student culture, c.1850-1950 is much more than a survey of student life in Ireland. It delves into the darker side of a medical education, revealing tensions arising from class, gender, and generational change.'Dr Ciaran O'Neill, Trinity College Dublin'The book achieves its stated aim of addressing a gap in the knowledge of the history of medical education in Ireland from the students’ perspective. It should become a valuable resource on a topic that has not been researched in depth previously, although the impact of large-scale emigration of Irish doctors on medical education in Ireland might have merited a separate chapter. It will appeal to those with an interest in the history of medical education, educationalists and women in medicine, to social historians and to the Irish medical diaspora.' Mike Collins, British Society for the History of Medicine'Laura Kelly has produced an impressive and valuable study of Irish medical students and their education between about 1850 and 1950. The book ranges widely. As might be expected, it examines the instructors, curricula, and teaching methods at the various medical schools, colleges, and hospitals located in Dublin, Cork, Galway, and Belfast. But the book also devotes much attention to the personal lives of medical students and to what Kelly calls their "culture".' Bulletin of the History of Medicine'Drawing on a rich range of sources written by students, and focusing on their experiences, she repositions the student at the centre of medical education to give a ‘bottom-up’ view of university, medical school, and hospital training and life that enriches our understanding of medical education in Ireland between 1850 and 1950. ... In reinstating the voices of male and female Irish medical students, Kelly offers a richer way of thinking about medical education.'Keir Waddington, History of Education'Drawing expertly upon collections of memoirs, student magazines, hospital records and oral histories, Kelly captures the rich tapestry of Irish student life and culture.' Anne Hanley, Social History of Medicine‘Drawing from an array of print and archival sources…Kelly provides a clear and succinct portrayal of medical education from a student perspective.’ T.P. Power, CHOICE‘Kelly’s contribution to the history of medical education and, more importantly, her exploration of medical student culture is exemplary. It should be included on any reading list connected to this topic.’ J.T.H. Connor, Canadian Bulletin of Medical History'A valuable addition to contemporary analytical and contextual medical historiography... the narrative is brisk and engaging.'Gerard M. Fealy, Nursing History ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction 11 The Medical School Marketplace, c.1850–19002 ‘Entering upon an Honourable and Important Profession’: IrishMedical Student Image and Representation in the Age of Medical Reform, c.1850–19003 Beginnings: Medicine and Social Mobility, c.1850–19504 Educational Experiences and Medical Student Life, c.1880–19205 ‘Boys to Men’: Rites of Passage, Sport, Masculinity and Medical Student Culture, c.1880–19306 ‘This Feminine Invasion of Medicine’: Women in Irish Medical Schools, c.1880–1945 17 Medical Education and Student Culture North and South of the Border, c.1920–1950Conclusion

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