History of medicine Books

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisNotes on Contributors Acknowledgments List of Figures Introduction: 'Talking your body's language': The Menstrual Materialisation of Sexed Ontology; A.Shail & G.Howie PART 1: SCIENCE AND MEDICINE Menses in the Corpus Hippocraticum ; L.Arata Menstruation in Aristotle's Concept of the Person; G.Hiltmann The Art and Science of Menstrual Balancing in Early Medieval China; S.Wilms Flowers, Poisons and Men: Menstruation in Medieval Western Europe; M.H.Green The Secrets of Women (c. 1300): A Medieval Perspective on Menstruation; B.Bildhauer Menstrual Knowledge and Medical Practice in Early Modern France, c. 1555-1761; C.McClive Menstruation and Sexual Difference in Early Modern Medicine; M.Stolberg 'I believe it to be a case depending on menstruation': Madness and Menstrual Taboo in British Medical Practice, c. 1840-1930; J-M.Strange Embryological and Agricultural Constructions of the Menstrual Cycle, 1890-1910; H.Blackman Of Sex, Nationalities and Populations: The Construction of MenstruatioTable of ContentsNotes on Contributors Acknowledgments List of Figures Introduction: 'Talking your body's language': The Menstrual Materialisation of Sexed Ontology; A.Shail & G.Howie PART 1: SCIENCE AND MEDICINE Menses in the Corpus Hippocraticum ; L.Arata Menstruation in Aristotle's Concept of the Person; G.Hiltmann The Art and Science of Menstrual Balancing in Early Medieval China; S.Wilms Flowers, Poisons and Men: Menstruation in Medieval Western Europe; M.H.Green The Secrets of Women (c. 1300): A Medieval Perspective on Menstruation; B.Bildhauer Menstrual Knowledge and Medical Practice in Early Modern France, c. 1555-1761; C.McClive Menstruation and Sexual Difference in Early Modern Medicine; M.Stolberg 'I believe it to be a case depending on menstruation': Madness and Menstrual Taboo in British Medical Practice, c. 1840-1930; J-M.Strange Embryological and Agricultural Constructions of the Menstrual Cycle, 1890-1910; H.Blackman Of Sex, Nationalities and Populations: The Construction of Menstruation as a Patho-Physiology; Z.Meghani PART 2: MYTH AND CULTURE Menstrual Misogyny and Taboo: The Medusa, Vampire and the Female Stigmatic; M.Mulvey-Roberts The Swan Maiden's Flight Over Time: Rituals, Fairytales and Matriarchy; J.K.Thomas Menstruating Women/Menstruating Goddesses: Sites of Sacred Power in South India; D.E.Jenett Medieval Responsa Literature On Niddah : Perpetuations of Notions of Tumah ; H.Ner-David 'Let Him Pass for a Man': The Myth of Jewish Male Menstruation in The Merchant of Venice ; A.M.Balizet A Menstrual Lesson for Girls: Maria Edgeworth's "The Purple Jar"; H.Robbins 'A rag and a bone and a hank of hair': The Menstrual Background of "the Vampire"; A.Shail Masking Menstruation: The Emergence of Menstrual Hygiene Products in the United States; S.L.Vostral Blood, Laughter and the Medusa: The Gothic Heroine as Menstrual Monster; R.Munford PART 3: APPENDIX A Guide to Bibliographical and Archival Resources for the Study of the History of Menstruation; A.Shail Index

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Book SynopsisKEIR WADDINGTONis Reader in the Social History of Medicine and Head of History at Cardiff University, UK.He has written a number of books on the history of hospitals, asylums, medical education and public health. He is closely involved with the Society for the Social History of Medicine.Trade Review'Keir Waddington combines a readable and comprehensive outline of his subject with relevant writing and research in this single volume, useful to undergraduate and other readers seeking an up-to-date survey of the social history of medicine.' - Steven Cherry, University of East Anglia, UK 'This book makes a first-rate contribution to the social history of medicine...One of the great strengths of the book is the way in which it enlivens topics without compromising scholarly credentials. It is rare to be able to say this, but this book strikes exactly the right balance between summarising context, synthesising some of the key historiography, and indicating new approaches that will shape the sorts of research areas that students might wish to pursue for their dissertation work in their final year. The structure of the book is thus very well thought-through for many university lecturers...Buy this book, read its scholarship and engage with an author who has crafted a new scholarly contribution worthy of praise.' - Elizabeth T. Hurren, Social History of MedicineTable of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Tables Acknowledgements Abbreviations Preface Understanding the History of Medicine: Historiography Disease, Illness and Society Medicine and Religion Women, Health and Medicine Medical Self-Help and the Market for Medicine Anatomy and Medicine Surgery Hospitals Practitioners and Professionalization Science and the Practice of Medicine Nursing Public Health Healthcare and the State Medicine and Empire Medicine and Warfare The Rise of the Asylum Afterword Index.

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Book SynopsisGhaemi shows how the historical role of the BPS model as a reaction to biomedical reductionism is coming to an end and urges colleagues in the field to embrace other, less-eclectic perspectives.Trade ReviewGhaemi's book is highly relevant. It is also very well written and appears meticulously researched, and it should be of interest to everyone with a professional relation to psychiatry. Hereby recommended. -- Anders Jorgensen Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Provocative... Ghaemi claims that one should leave muddled views behind and recognize that humanism in medicine is compatible with the bio-physiological model. The author offers William Osler's humanism and Karl Jasper's method-based existentialist psychiatry as exemplars. Essential. Choice This is a thoughtful and well-researched book. At minimum, it is an essential read for academic psychiatrists and residents involved in teaching and learning. More broadly, it is a good read for anyone interested in the historical and philosophical aspects of psychiatric theories. -- Hamid R. Tavakoli, MD Psychiatric Times Impassioned and thoughtful... Ghaemi has produced both a penetrating analysis of the ascent of the biopsychosocial model as a psychiatric theory-of-everything and a weapon designed to bring about its decline. -- Nicholas Kontos, M.D. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry A provocative and valuable piece of scholarship. -- Gerald N. Grob Bulletin of the History of Medicine This book is especially suited for those who want to ponder the direction of our field and who worry about the theoretical disorientation of modern psychiatry and our resulting need for deep organizing principles. Ghaemi's grasp is wide. His book will be as much disturbing as satisfying but will provide the reader a sense of where our field has been and where it may need to go. -- Kenneth S. Kendler, M.D. American Journal of Psychiatry It may become an influential, revolutionary book... Stimulating and thought provoking. -- Victor A. Colotla PsycCRITIQUES A psychiatrist criticizes the idea of psychiatric disease as a product of biological and social factors. Science NewsTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPart I: The Rise of the Biopsychosocial Model1. The Perils of Open-mindedness: Adolf Meyer's Psychobiology2. So Many Theories, So Little Time: The Rise of Eclecticism3. Riding Madly in All Directions: Roy Grinker's "Struggle for Eclecticism"4. A New Model of Medicine: George Engel's Biopsychosocial Model5. Before and After: Precursors and Followers of the Biopsychosocial Model6. Cease-fire: Ending the Psychiatric Civil WarPart II: The Fall of the Biopsychosocial Model7. Drowning in Data8. Teaching Eclecticism9. Psychopharmacology Awry10. The Vagaries of the Real WorldPart III: What Next?11. The Limits of Evidence-Based Medicine12. Osler's Ghost13. The Two Cultures14. Between Science and the Humanities15. The Meaning of Meaning: Verstehen Explained16. The Beginning of a Solution: Method-Based Psychiatry17. A New Psychiatric HumanismAfterword: Pre-empting the Straw ManAppendix: How Can We Teach It? A Proposal for Education of PsychiatristsNotesA Brief Glossary of ConceptsReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisPaul argues that we must position ourselves to take advantage of cutting-edge technologies and promising new tools in immunological research, including big data and the microbiome.Trade ReviewAn excellent overview of what science knows about immunology today. -- Harriet Hall Science-Based Medicine Written by a prominent researcher and scholar who not only followed the history of immunology but also participated in its creation, Immunity could be considered as an excellent summary of the classical, pre-systemic, immunological era. Metascience It is well written, informative and gives detailed descriptions even down to defining platelets- sometimes we make the assumption that individuals know these details but the author has pre-empted this and provided ample explanations, which in essence will widen his audience... I would recommend this book to students, healthcare assistants, clinicians, and nurse specialists working within all areas. In essence this book could be read by individuals who have an keen interest within immunity but is written in such a way that it is accessible to those who have little or no knowledge within this area as the book is so informative. Nursing TimesTable of ContentsPrefacePart One1. Defense and Danger2. Tracing an Immune Response3. The Laws of Immunology4. Growing Up and Learning ImmunologyPart Two5. Vaccines and Serum Therapy6. How Is Specificity Achieved?7. Immunology's "Eureka"8. How Does Each Lymphocyte Develop a Distinct Receptor?9. B Cells and T Cells Recognize Different Types of Antigens10. My Foray into the Specificity Problem11. Genes and Immune Responses12. The Laboratory of Immunology and the T-Cell ReceptorPart Three13. What Is Tolerance?14. How Does Tolerance Develop?15. Regulatory T Cells and the Prevention of AutoimmunityPart Four16. Different Structures, Different Functions17. Specific Types of Infections, Specific Types of T-Cell Responses18. Our Discovery of IL-4 and the Cells That Make It19. CD8 T Cells20. Dendritic CellsPart Five21. An "Ancient" Immune Response Controls" Modern" Immunity22. The Microbiome and Innate Immunity23. Evolution of the Immune System and Innate Lymphoid CellsPart Six24. The HIV Epidemic and the Office of AIDS Research25. How the Immune System Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus26. Allergy and Asthma27. Interleukin-4 and Allergy28. Can the Immune System Control Cancer?29. New Parts for Old30. JulienConclusionEpilogueAcknowledgmentsNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisOne of medicine's most remarkable therapeutic triumphs was the discovery of insulin in 1921. The drug produced astonishing results, rescuing children and adults from the deadly grip of diabetes. But as Chris Feudtner demonstrates, the subsequent transformation of the disease from a fatal condition into a chronic illness is a story of success tinged with irony, a revealing saga that illuminates the complex human consequences of medical intervention. Bittersweet chronicles this history of diabetes through the compelling perspectives of people who lived with this disease. Drawing on a remarkable body of letters exchanged between patients or their parents and Dr. Elliot P. Joslin and the staff of physicians at his famed Boston clinic, Feudtner examines the experience of living with diabetes across the twentieth century, highlighting changes in treatment and their profound effects on patients' lives. Although focused on juvenile-onset, or Type 1, diabetes, the themes explored in Bittersweet

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Trade ReviewDavid Gentilcore’s Food and Health in Early Modern Europe … does an excellent job of evaluating how the medical philosophers of the time viewed food and how that may have influenced consumers.… [it] is an interesting read, thoughtful, dense, and thoroughly detailed, making it a good reference piece. * Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies *Gentilcore profitably sketches the shifts from the revived Galenism of the late Middle Ages ... to the rational embrace of moderation in all things by the great Bath doctor George Cheyne in Georgian England ... All this is covered with gusto and not a little scholarship. * Times Literary Supplement *Well written, richly illustrated and a must-read for anyone interested in the history of food and medicine. Furthermore, his study is very neatly linked to similar studies on medicine and consumption. * European Review of History *Social history done well (unequivocally the case here) is a pleasure to read. Views of food, medicine, and societal practice confected in the cauldron of Europe’s early modern period could easily, in less scholarly and competent hands, have produced a concoction intellectually difficult to digest. The author’s recipe for avoiding this is simple but skillfully executed. Two initial chapters divide the period surveyed (c.1450–c.1650; c.1650–c.1800) to clarify the shifting views of diet and medicine. In brief, the revival of Galen’s emphasis on dietary regimen and prevention (renascent as a result of humanism) is eventually challenged by iatrochemical (Paracelsian) and iatromechanical views emphasizing therapeutics and curative drugs. These views are, by the end of this diachronic survey, countered by a return to a dietetics again based on hygiene and prevention. With this foundation established, subsequent chapters explore the interaction of these ideas with changing views of social rank, religion, vegetarianism, beverage consumption, and the appearance of new foods and drinks associated with the Columbian exchange. It would be difficult to imagine any undergraduate student, irrespective of major, who could leave unsated from this intellectual feast. Summing Up: Essential. All levels/libraries. * CHOICE *Gentilcore brings together food history and the history of medicine in a thoroughly engaging and – despite its period – incongruously topical book ... Food and Health in Early Modern Europe is an excellent resource for both students and academics interested in diet, medicine and early modern Europe more generally ... Gentilcore has a firm command of the material, which is presented in a humorous, appealing style that I would welcome from more historians. A thoroughly enjoyable and rewarding read. * Medical History *An excellent book! Well-written, it has a logical structure and strong arguments. Its particular strengths are the European perspective, the careful analysis of discourses, the many and telling quotations, and the systematic attention to regional and social differences. This book is an eminent and original contribution to food historiography. * Peter Scholliers, Professor of History and FOST (Social & Cultural Food Studies), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium *David Gentilcore had the happy idea of combining two topics that are usually studied separately, the history of medicine and the history of food. Basing his work on the rich literature of advice on a healthy diet, Gentilcore compares the food anxieties of early modern times with our own but contrasts the recommendations, noting the rejection of fish, fruit and vegetables as ‘dangerously cold and moist’. The result is a valuable contribution to both the intellectual and the social history of early modern Europe. * Peter Burke, Emeritus Professor of Cultural History, University of Cambridge, UK *The current proliferation of dietary advice makes David Gentilcore’s witty and learned book especially welcome. He reminds us that we moderns have no monopoly on the application of diet to health; doctors and patients have agreed and disagreed about what to eat (and drink) for generations. But notions of what constituted health, and what foods promoted it, have changed drastically, with regional and religious factors also playing roles. With his deep understanding of both food and medicine, Gentilcore is the ideal guide through an era when too much fruit might kill you, and even children drank alcohol every day. * Anita Guerrini, Professor of History, Oregon State University, USA *Advice about food and drink has always been fundamental to medicine, but European tastes rapidly changed in response to the development of global trade and new ideas. Gentilcore captures those transformations wonderfully in this wide-ranging book, highlighting not only the novelties and curiosities but the enduring legacies of food culture in a period that fundamentally shaped European stomachs, palates, and health. * Harold J. Cook, John F. Nickoll Professor of History, Brown University, USA *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Material Conditions, Diet and Disease 1. Healthy Food (I): Renaissance Dietetics 2. Healthy Food (II): The 17th and 18th Centuries 3. Rich Food 4. Poor Food 5. Regional Food 6. Holy Food 7. Vegetable Food 8. New World Food 9. Liquid Food Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisAnne Stobart is Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Exeter, UK and former Director of Programmes in Complementary Health Sciences and Programme Leader of the BSc in Herbal Medicine at Middlesex University, UK. She is a member of the Advisory Board for the Journal of Herbal Medicine and chairs the Herbal History Research Network. Anne writes for the Recipes Hypotheses blog which brings together an international group of scholars writing on the history of recipes. She is a founder of the Holt Wood project on sustainable cultivation and harvest of medicinal trees and shrubs.Trade ReviewStobart’s sources are … exceptionally well chosen, and the author makes very good use of the letters, pieces of advice, recipe books, descriptions of gifts sent and received, prescriptive instruction, and household accounts that have survived in each family’s papers. * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *Stobart, a leading scholar in the history of herbal medicine, has produced an excellent survey of how some early modern households managed their health on a day-to-day basis. Specifically, she seeks to question not only the prevailing assumption that self-help was the primary source of health care, but also what self-help actually meant in 17th-century England. To address this, the author divides household medicine into three themes that showcase the richness of her archival sources, namely, information (letters and recipe collections), resources (accounts, expense, equipment), and practice (treatment of children and chronic cases). This allows Stobart to convincingly argue that household health care was a complex mixture of therapeutic self-help and commercial and professional medicine. There was not necessarily a division or tension between women who made up recipes, apothecaries who supplied remedies, or physicians who prescribed them. As the century progressed, however, households purchased more and more ingredients rather than make up recipes. There was also a sharper delineation of medicine as not including foods. All of these conclusions raise the interesting issue of who held power in the 17th century when it came to domestic health care. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Most levels/libraries. * CHOICE *A fascinating book and one that will appeal to anyone with an interest in the history of herbal medicine. * Herbs *… [A] must-read book. This well-written account, which effectively combines much sophisticated primary research with up-to-date historiographical engagement, is involved and elaborate, and yet at the same time it is easy to follow. I would recommend this book to undergraduates and graduate students alike, and it should find a place on many medical history library shelves. * Pharmacy in History *The text serves to enhance our knowledge of the strategies employed by families grappling with illness during the seventeenth century, and merits readership from scholars and students interested in early modern medicine. * The English Historical Review *Anne Stobart offers us an engaging and penetrating analysis of how households in the sixteenth and seventeenth century dealt with sickness and ill health. Household Medicine in Seventeenth-Century England is an innovative and rich investigation of how domestic and commercial medical care were combined to treat diseases in this period. She reveals in unprecedented detail the rich currents of information that flowed between individuals and were transferred between generations. In an exemplary display of historical scholarship, Stobart brings together a broad array of sources that allow her to open the doors to the sick rooms and for the first time show us the range of ways families came together to compound medicines, share remedies and advice, and seek the help of doctors and apothecaries. * Patrick Wallis, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK *Table of ContentsTable of Contents Introduction: Household Health Care Matters Section 1: Information 1. 'The danger is over': News About the Sick 2. Medicines or Remedies: Recipes for Health and Illness Section 2: Resources 3. Early Modern Spending on Health Care 4. Animal, Vegetable and Mineral: Medicinal Ingredients 5. 'For to make the ointment': Kitchen Physick Section 3: Practice 6. Therapeutics in the Family 7. 'I troble noe body with my Complaints': Chronic Disorders Conclusion Appendix of Household Accounts Glossary of Ingredients Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisSusan Francia is a member of St Cross College, Oxford, UK, and an independent researcher. She is a former teacher of herbal medicine and, most recently, of the history of herbal medicine at Middlesex University, UK.Anne Stobart is Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Exeter, UK and former Director of Programmes in Complementary Health Sciences and Programme Leader of the BSc in Herbal Medicine at Middlesex University, UK. She is currently a member of the Advisory Board for the newly established Journal of Herbal Medicine (Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone).Trade ReviewThis is a broad investigation of sources for the history of herbal medicine … it certainly will inform and delight researchers in this very broad field of study. -- Barbara Griggs * Herbalgram *Historical research underpinning Western herbal medicine lacks systematic and scholarly documentation, largely due to the advent of biomedicine in the early 1900s. With the acceptance of the germ theory of disease and the availability of a burgeoning array of pharmaceutical "remedies," research in the field gradually fell into decline. This book provides a solid foundation for fleshing out this important historical record. Editors Francia (St. Cross College, Univ. of Oxford, UK) and Stobart (Univ. of Exeter, UK) are both herbal medicine historians and accomplished practitioners. … Each chapter contains an introduction, a conclusion, a recommended reading list, and notes. Authors rely on primary sources, including manuscripts and printed herbals (especially early-modern midwifery manuals); archival sources, including an innovative exploration of trade and probate accounts to determine popularity and exchange rates for cumin in medieval England; and research from art history, archaeology, ethnobotany, and other disciplines. This is an invaluable resource for readers interested in the historical aspects of herbal medicine. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals/practitioners. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsForeword - Elizabeth Williamson 1. The Fragmentation of Herbal History: The Way Forward - Anne Stobart (Middlesex University, UK) and Susan Francia (independent scholar) Section I Introduction to Section 1: Revisiting the Traditional Texts: Comparative Textual Analysis and New Perspectives on Original Sources - Anne Stobart and Susan Francia 2. Early Greek Medicine: Evidence of Models, Methods and Materia medica - Vicki Pitman (independent scholar) 3. Evaluating the Content of Medieval Herbals - Anne Van Arsdall (University of New Mexico, USA) 4. Early-modern Midwifery Manuals and Herbal Practice - Elaine Hobby (Loughborough University, UK) 5. An Anatomy of The English Physitian - Graeme Tobyn (University of Central Lancashire, UK) Section II Introduction to Section 2: Using New Archival Sources: Extending the Evidence Available - Susan Francia and Anne Stobart 6. The Use of Trade Accounts to Uncover the Importance of Cumin as a Medicinal Plant in Medieval England - Susan Francia 7. Early Modern Childbirth and Herbs – The Challenge of Finding the Sources - Nicky Wesson (independent scholar) 8. Testamentary Records of the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries as a Source for the History of Herbal Medicine in England - Richard Aspin (Wellcome Library, UK) Section III Introduction to Section 3: Focusing on One Individual: Biographical and Other Textual Sources - Susan Francia and Anne Stobart 9. Galen’s Simple Medicines: Problems in Ancient Herbal Medicine - John Wilkins (University of Exeter, UK) 10. Deciphering Dioscorides: Mountains and Molehills? - Alison Denham (University of Central Lancashire, UK) and Midge Whitelegg (formerly University of Central Lancashire, UK) 11. William Turner – A Milestone in Botanical Medicine - Marie Addyman (independent scholar) 12. John Parkinson: Gardener and Apothecary of London - Jill Francis (University of Birmingham, UK) Section IV Introduction to Section 4: Contributions from Other Disciplines - Susan Francia and Anne Stobart 13. Archaeological Sources for the History of Herbal Medicine Practice: The Case Study of St John's Wort with Valerian at Soutra Medieval Hospital - Brian Moffat (Soutra Hospital Archaeoethnopharmacological Research Project, Scotland) 14. How Can Ethnobotany Contribute to the History of Western Herbal Medicine? A Mesoamerican Answer - Anna Waldstein (University of Kent, UK) 15. The History of Herbal Medicine as a Developing Field - Anne Stobart and Susan Francia Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis"Popular progressive radio host and New York Times bestselling author Thom Hartmann reveals how and why attempts to establish affordable universal healthcare in the United States have been thwarted and what we can do to finally make it a reality"--

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Book SynopsisTraditional Chinese medicine is perhaps the oldest system of health care in the world—and one of the safest and most effective. This first easy-to-use pocket guide provides everything readers need to know to explore Chinese herbal medicine for themselves. The book includes:    •  A brief overview of the basic terms and concepts of traditional Chinese medicine.    •  Simple instructions on how to prepare herbal formulas at home.    •  An illustrated guide to 108 of the most widely used Chinese herbs, with descriptions, therapeutic effects, preparation methods, and dosages.    •  A guide to dozens of readily available prepared herbal formulas for common ailments.    •  An index of symptoms and ailments.    •  Listings of mail-order houses for herbs, herbal formulas, and other supplies.    •  Suggestions for further reading.

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Book SynopsisA history of the little-known or forgotten academic origins of modern organ transplant surgery. This book investigates a crucial -- but forgotten -- episode in the history of medicine. In it, Thomas Schlich systematically documents and analyzes the earliest clinical and experimental organ transplant surgeries. In so doing helays open the historical origins of modern transplantation, offering a new and original analysis of its conceptual basis within a broader historical context. This first comprehensive account of the birth of modern transplantmedicine examines how doctors and scientists between 1880 and 1930 developed the technology and rationale for performing surgical organ replacement within the epistemological and social context of experimental university medicine. The clinical application of organ replacement, however, met with formidable obstacles even as the procedure became more widely recognized. Schlich highlights various attempts to overcome these obstacles, including immunologicalexplanations and new technologies of immune suppression, and documents the changes in surgical technique and research standards that led to the temporary abandonment of organ transplantation by the 1930s. Thomas Schlichis Professor and Canada Research Chair in the History of Medicine at McGill University.Trade ReviewSchlich highlights the fifty years preceding modern organ transplantation. This book. . . has historic interest referent to the biology discussed, demonstrating, for instance, that many ethical dilemmas are not the result of modern technology. . . This heavily annotated volume..should be a useful historical work for researchers generally. Recommended. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsAn ancient dream of mankind? What is special about organ transplantation? Before organ replacement: A natural history approach to disease The invention of organ transplantation Organotherapy and organ replacement Rise and decline of thyroid transplantation The discovery of a new organ: the parathyroid gland Laboratory and clinic: organ replacement for diabetes The many uses of the adrenal gland Reconstructing women: ovarian transplants Rejuvenating men: testicle transplants One principle, multiple applications: further organs From special case to prototype: the kidney Ethical problems with organ transplantation Laboratory and clinic: the epistemic and social context Methods of monitoring the success of transplants Disillusionment: The clinical failure of organ transplantation The strategy of technical perfection A new direction: transplant immunology Chance and necessity: a fresh start for organ transplantation

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Book SynopsisThe first study in English that examines barefoot doctors in China from the perspective of the social history of medicine. In 1968, at the height of the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese Communist Party endorsed a radical new system of health-care delivery for the rural masses. Soon every village had at least one barefoot doctor to provide basic medical care, creating a national network of health-care services for the very first time. The barefoot doctors were portrayed nationally and internationally as revolutionary heroes, wading undaunted through rice paddies to bring effective, low-cost care to poor peasants. This book is the first comprehensive study to look beyond the nostalgia dominating present scholarship on public health in China and offer a powerful and carefully contextualized critiqueof the prevailing views on the role of barefoot doctors, their legacy, and their impact. Drawing on primary documents from the Cultural Revolution and personal interviews with patients and doctors, Xiaoping Fang examines the evidence within the broader history of medicine in revolutionary and postreform China. He finds that rather than consolidating traditional Chinese medicine, as purported by government propaganda, the barefoot doctor program introducedmodern Western medicine to rural China, effectively modernizing established methods and forms of care. As a result, this volume retrieves from potential oblivion a critical part of the history of Western medicine in China. Xiaoping Fang is assistant professor of Chinese history at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.Trade ReviewXiaoping Fang gives the English-reading world a reliable account of the barefoot doctor movement and its tremendous importance in the creation of the Chinese health-care system. Contrary to received opinion, Fang shows how the movement prompted a decline in the popularity of traditional healing methods while promoting biomedicine in the countryside. This study greatly advances our understanding of the history of medicine in modern China. -- Bridie Andrews, associate professor of history, Bentley UniversityThe barefoot doctors were a historic advance in the provision of health care to hundreds of millions of people in China and a model in extending and improving health services to hundreds of millions more around the world. Dr. Fang Xiaoping tells this extraordinary story with a strong sense of the ethos of the times, in China and beyond. I commend his important volume to those who seek to understand the history of medicine, China, and advances in the delivery of health care to the poor and vulnerable around the world. --Victor W. Sidel, MD, former president, American Public Health Association * APHA *The focus on one village in Hangzhou Prefecture gives the book a specificity and immediateness that bring history to life in sometimes dramatic ways....Recommended. * CHOICE *Paints a richly textured picture of medicine in rural China....This relatively short book is a gem....An excellent book that deserves to be widely read. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *This book will be of wide interest to anyone wishing to understand the state of health care in China today and the roots of its successes and dilemmas. * PACIFIC AFFAIRS *Discussing the barefoot doctor program, processes of knowledge transmission, pharmaceutical prices and supply chains, medical consumption, group identity and professionalism, and institutional shifts, this book successfully advances our understanding of how the three-tier medical network was gradually set up in China's countryside. * THE CHINA JOURNAL *This illuminating study corrects what we thought we knew about that evanescent character the Barefoot Doctor, invented in 1968, widely acclaimed inside and outside China, and officially discarded in 1985. Barefoot Doctors and Western Medicine in China is based not only on research on the ground, but on a thorough study of the pertinent scholarly literature. * THE CHINA REVIEW *Table of ContentsIntroduction Village Healers, Medical Pluralism, and State Medicine Revolutionizing Knowledge Transmission Structures Pharmaceuticals Reach the Villages Healing Styles and Medical Beliefs: The Consumption of Chinese and Western Medicines Relocating Illness: The Shift from Home Bedside to Hospital Ward Group Identity, Power Relationships, and Medical Legitimacy Conclusion Appendixes The Organization of the Three-Tiered Medical System in Rural China, 1968-83 Common Medicines in Chinese Villages during the 1960s-70s

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Book SynopsisFor readers of Bad Blood and Empire of Pain, an authoritative look at monopoly medicine from the dawn of patents through the race for COVID-19 vaccines and how the privatization of public science has prioritized profits over peopleOwning the Sun tells the story of one of the most contentious fights in human history: the legal right to produce lifesaving medicines. Medical science began as a discipline geared toward the betterment of all human life, but the merging of research with intellectual property and the rise of the pharmaceutical industry warped and eventually undermined its ethical foundations. Since World War II, federally funded research has facilitated most major medical breakthroughs, yet these drugs are often wholly controlled by price-gouging corporations with growing international ambitions. Why does the U.S. government fund the development of medical science in the name of the public only to relinquish exclusive rights to drug companies, and how does such a system impoverish us, weaken our responses to crises, and, as in the cases of AIDS and COVID-19, put the world at risk? Outlining how generations of public health and science advocates have attempted to hold the line against Big Pharma and their allies in government, Alexander Zaitchik’s first-of-its-kind history documents the rise of privatized medicine in the United States and its subsequent globalization. From the controversial arrival of patent-wielding German drug firms in the late nineteenth century to present-day coordination between industry and philanthropic organizations—including the influential Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation—that stymie international efforts to vaccinate the world against COVID-19, Owning the Sun tells one of the most important and least understood histories of our time.

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Book SynopsisAward-winning New York Times reporter Donald G. McNeil, Jr. reflects on twenty-five years of covering pandemics?how governments react to them, how the media covers them, how they are exploited, and what we can do to prepare for the next one?in this ?fascinating, ferocious fusillade against humanity?s two deadliest enemies: disease and itself? (The Economist).For millions of Americans, Donald G. McNeil, Jr. was a comforting voice when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. He was a regular reporter on The New York Times?s popular podcast The Daily and told listeners early on to prepare for the worst. He?d covered public health for twenty-five years and quickly realized that an obscure virus in Wuhan, China, was destined to grow into a global pandemic rivaling the 1918 Spanish flu. Because of his clear advice, a generation of Times readers knew the risk was real but that they might be spared by taking the right precautions. Because of his prescient work, The New York Times won the 2021 Pulitzer Gold Medal for Public Service. The Wisdom of Plagues is ?must-reading for preparing us better for the next unavoidable epidemic? (Peter Piot, MD, co-discoverer of Ebola) as McNeil shares his account of what he learned over a quarter-century of reporting in over sixty counties. Many science reporters understand the basics of diseases?from how a virus works to what goes into making a vaccine. But very few understand the psychology of how small outbreaks turn into pandemics, why people refuse to believe they?re at risk, or why they reject protective measures like quarantine or vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic was the story McNeil had trained his whole life to cover. His expertise and breadth of sources let him make many accurate predictions in 2020 about the course that a deadly new virus would take and how different countries would respond. By the time McNeil wrote his last New York Times stories, he had not lost his compassion?but he had grown far more stone-hearted about how governments should react. He had witnessed enough disasters and read enough history to realize that while every epidemic is different, failure was the one constant. Small case-clusters ballooned into catastrophe because weak leaders became mired in denial. Citizens refused to make even minor sacrifices for the common good. They were encouraged in that by money-hungry entrepreneurs and power-hungry populists. Science was ignored, obvious truths were denied, and the innocent too often died. In The Wisdom of Plagues, ?one of the most enlightening books on public health? (Lena Wen, MD), McNeil offers tough, prescriptive advice on what we can do to improve global health and be better prepared for the inevitable next pandemic.

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Book SynopsisThis introduction to ancient medical systems asks how the experience of illness and the role of medicine were understood in the Greek and Roman worlds. Although topics such as the development of anatomical knowledge are covered, the book focuses on the place of medicine within changing types of society.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgements Preface 1.The origins of Greek medicine 2.2. Hippocratic medicine 3.The Plague of Athens 4.Alexandrian medicine 5.Greek medicine at Rome 6.Galen and his contemporaries 7.Curing illness 8.After ancient medicine Conclusion Suggestions for Further Study Suggestions for Further Reading Index

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