History of medicine Books

Book SynopsisWinner of the 2023 PROSE Award for Excellence in Biological and Life Sciences and the 2023 Chautauqua Prize! Named a New York Times Notable Book and a Best Book of the Year by The Economist, Oprah Daily, BookPage, Book Riot, the New York Public Library, and more! In The Song of the Cell, the extraordinary author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Emperor of All Maladies and the #1 New York Times bestseller The Gene “blends cutting-edge research, impeccable scholarship, intrepid reporting, and gorgeous prose into an encyclopedic study that reads like a literary page-turner” (Oprah Daily).Mukherjee begins this magnificent story in the late 1600s, when a distinguished English polymath, Robert Hooke, and an eccentric Dutch cloth-merchant, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek looked down their handmade microscopes. What they saw introduced a radical concept that swept through biology and medicine, touching virtually every aspect of the two sciences, and altering both forever. It was the fact that complex living organisms are assemblages of tiny, self-contained, self-regulating units. Our organs, our physiology, our selves—hearts, blood, brains—are built from these compartments. Hooke christened them “cells.” The discovery of cells—and the reframing of the human body as a cellular ecosystem—announced the birth of a new kind of medicine based on the therapeutic manipulations of cells. A hip fracture, a cardiac arrest, Alzheimer’s dementia, AIDS, pneumonia, lung cancer, kidney failure, arthritis, COVID pneumonia—all could be reconceived as the results of cells, or systems of cells, functioning abnormally. And all could be perceived as loci of cellular therapies. Filled with writing so vivid, lucid, and suspenseful that complex science becomes thrilling, The Song of the Cell tells the story of how scientists discovered cells, began to understand them, and are now using that knowledge to create new humans. Told in six parts, and laced with Mukherjee’s own experience as a researcher, a doctor, and a prolific reader, The Song of the Cell is both panoramic and intimate—a masterpiece on what it means to be human. “In an account both lyrical and capacious, Mukherjee takes us through an evolution of human understanding: from the seventeenth-century discovery that humans are made up of cells to our cutting-edge technologies for manipulating and deploying cells for therapeutic purposes” (The New Yorker).

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Book SynopsisThis book is a study of the ways in which Galen sought to establish the brain as the regent part (hegemonikon) of the body, utilising a rigorous anatomical epistemology and an often sophisticated (but perforce limited) set of physiological arguments Part One surveys the medical and philosophical past in which the study of the brain occured, and looks at the materials and methods which Galen employs to legitimate his hegemonic argumentation. Part Two examines Galen's anatomical understanding of the brain, especially the ventricles. Part Three offers a critical evaluation of Galen's physiolgy of the brain. This is the first monograph to offer a detailed account of this subject, setting it within the cultural and intellectual contexts of its era, and will be of interest to those in classics, medical history, history andphilosophy of science and the history of ideas.Trade Review'[Rocca] provides not only a meticulous analysis of Galen's anatomical and physiological writings, but a steady attention to their wider cultural context and to Galen's particular strategies of self-promotion.' Rebecca flemming, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 2005.

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Book SynopsisThis anthology explores often overlooked periods in medicine from medieval to early modern times, taking as a principal theme the need to return to familiar texts and sources for new interpretations. In twelve essays written by a diverse group of scholars, the collection covers topics such as medical politics, herbal remedies and nationalism, the role of experience in casebook writing, the use of medical allusions in literature and popular culture, and the changing impact of various book editions on surgery, embryology, and lay medical knowledge.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Introduction, Elizabeth Lane Furdell 1. Reading Medieval Medical Texts with an Open Mind, Anne Van Arsdall 2. Ordering Human Growth in Tibetan Medical and Religious Embryologies, Frances Garrett 3. Galen Refashioned: Gariopontus in the Later Middle Ages and Renaissance, Florence Eliza Glaze 4. Paracelsus's Great Wound Surgery, Lilla Vekerdy 5. Wondrous Experience as Text: Valleriola and the Observationes Medicinales, Brian Nance 6. "Profitable Unto the Vulgar": The Case and Cases of John Cotta's Short Discoverie, Todd H. J. Pettigrew 7. Re-Anatomizing Melancholy: Burton and the Logic of Humoralism, Kaara L. Peterson 8. Vegetal Prejudice and Healing Territories in Early Modern England, Rachel Poliquin 9. Donne and the Noble Art, Jocelyn Emerson 10. Pox Britannica: The French Disease in the Age of Rochester, Ann A. Huse 11. Willis and Sydenham on Diabetes: Discovery and Debate in Early Modern English Medicine, Elizabeth Lane Furdell 12. Merton Revised: English Independency and Medical Conservatism in the Seventeenth Century, William Birken Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first scholarly work in English on medicine for women in pre-Song China. The essays deal with key issues in early Chinese gynecology and obstetrics, and how they were formulated before the Song when medicine for women reached maturity. The reader will find that medical questions in early China also reflected religious and social issues. The authors, based in North America and East Asia, describe and analyze women’s bodies, illnesses, and childbirth experiences according to a variety of archaeological materials and historical texts. The essays reveal a rich and complex picture of early views on the female medical and social body that have wide implications for other institutions of the period, and on medicine and women in the later imperial era.

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Book SynopsisThe studies in this volume present early science in its rich and divergent complexity. Many historians of the Scientific Revolution have used early modern scholasticism to represent pre-seventeenth century science as a whole, but a close look at ancient, medieval, and even early modern scientific writers shows that before the Scientific Revolution - and not only in Europe - there were many and diverse traditions of interpreting the natural world. This book provides a broad range of historical evidence concerning early science, which may be used as a basis for new and more complex historical interpretations. Originally published as Volume XIV, Nos. 1-3 (2009) of Brill's journal Early Science and Medicine.Trade Review"Evidence and Interpretation in Studies on Early Science and Medicine is an excellently edited volume that includes sixteen contributions [...] of high quality and will make significant contributions to their respective fields" - Gad Freudenthal, ISIS, 103: 1 (2012), pp. 164-166Table of ContentsIntroduction, William R. Newman & Edith Dudley Sylla ANCIENT Modes of Explanation in the Aristotelian Mechanical Problems, Jean De Groot Structures of Argument and Concepts of Force in the Aristotelian Mechanical Problems, Mark Schiefsky ISLAMIC/ARABIC The Simple Ontology of Kalām Atomism: An Outline, A. I. Sabra The Footprints of “Experiment” in Early Arabic Optics, Elaheh Kheirandish THE LATIN MIDDLE AGES The “Experience-Based Medicine” of the Thirteenth Century, Michael McVaugh The Intellect Naturalized: Roger Bacon on the Existence of Corporeal Species within the Intellect, Yael Raizman-Kedar Magic and the Physical World in Thirteenth-Century Scholasticism, Steven P. Marrone The Debate over the Nature of Motion: John Buridan, Nicole Oresme, and Albert of Saxony. With an Edition of John Buridan’s Quaestiones super libros Physicorum, secundum ultimam lecturam, Book III, q. 7, Johannes M.M.H. Thijssen John Buridan and Critical Realism, Edith Dudley Sylla LATE MEDIEVAL, RENAISSANCE, AND EARLY MODERN The Significance of “Chymical Atomism”, William R. Newman Conjecture, Probabilism, and Provisional Knowledge in Renaissance Meteorology, Craig Martin Setting up Copernicus? Astronomy and Natural Philosophy in Giambattista Capuano da Manfredonia’s Expositio on the Sphere, Michael H. Shank Copernicus’s Mereological Vision of the Universe, André Goddu From “Dragonology” to Meteorology: Aristotelian Natural Philosophy and the Beginning of the Decline of the Dragon in China, Qiong Zhang Baroque Fire (A Note on Early-Modern Angelology), Anne A. Davenport Words, Lines, Diagrams, Images: Towards a History of Scientific Imagery, Christoph Lüthy & Alexis Smets Index

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Book SynopsisIn the early 14th century, a court nutritionist called Hu Sihui wrote his Yinshan Zhengyao, a dietary and nutritional manual for the Chinese Mongol Empire. Hu Sihui, a man apparently with a Turkic linguistic background, included recipes, descriptions of food items, and dietary medical lore including selections from ancient texts, and thus reveals to us the full extent of an amazing cross-cultural dietary; here recipes can be found from as far as Arabia, Iran, India and elsewhere, next to those of course from Mongolia and China. Although the medical theories are largely Chinese, they clearly show Near Eastern and Central Asian influence. This long-awaited expanded and revised edition of the much-acclaimed A Soup for the Qan sheds (yet) new light on our knowledge of west Asian influence on China during the medieval period, and on the Mongol Empire in general.

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Book SynopsisThe lore of the supposed magic and medical virtue of stones goes back to the Babylonians and peaks out in the lapidary literature of the Middle Ages. The famous work of Marbode of Rennes, which made lapidaries a very popular type of medieval scientific literature, was translated into numerous vernacular languages. The Jewish tradition, missing a particular lapidary literature of its own, absorbed non-Jewish works like that of Marbode. Several Anglo-Norman Marbode translations could be identified as the main source of the present edited Hebrew lapidary Ko’aḥ ha-Avanim, written by Berakhyah Ben Natronai ha-Nakdan around 1300. The edition is accompanied by an English translation, a source study, and a linguistic analysis of the Romance, mostly Anglo-Norman, terms featuring within the text in Hebrew spelling.Table of ContentsContents Introduction The Author Literary Activity Sefer Ko"a.h ha-Avanim (On the Virtue of the Stones) The Source(s) of Sefer Ko"a.h ha-Avanim (On the Virtue of the Stones) The Critical Edition of Sefer Ko"a.h ha-Avanim Supplements Text and Translation Supplement A: Comparative Table Supplement B:The Ko’a.h ha-Avanim in Its French Context: Romance and Latin Terms and Sources Introduction Lexicological Commentary on the Romance and Latin Terms Berakhyah’s Sources Tables of the Sources Alphabetical Glossaries Hebrew—French/Latin/Greek Glossary French/Latin—Hebrew Glossary Greek—Hebrew Glossary

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Book SynopsisThis volume contributes to medical history in Antiquity and the Middle Ages by significantly widening our understandings of health and treatment through the theme of space . The fundamental question about how space was conceived by different groups of people in these periods has been used to demonstrate the multi-variant understandings of the body and its functions, illness and treatment, and the surrounding natural and built environments in relation to health. The subject is approached from a variety of source materials: medical, philosophical and religious literature, archaeological remains and artistic reproductions. By taking a multi-disciplinary approach to the subject the volume offers new interpretations and methodologies to medical history in the periods in question. Contributors are Helen King, Michael McVaugh, Maithe Hulskamp, Glenda McDonald, Roberto Lo Presti, Fabiola van Dam, Catrien Santing, Ralph Rosen, and Irina Metzler.Trade Review"...this volume reveals (if only in snapshots) the hidden dimensions of the body and the deeper structures that inform cultural discourses on illness and healing [...] This volume is of great value to those interested in the pre-modern body, from its interior spaces to the natural and man-made environments with which it was in constant communication. [...] Medicine and Space: Body, Surroundings, and Borders in Antiquity and the Middle Ages is a meaningful contribution to the history of medicine and the body, and will be useful to students and researchers alike. Brenda S. Gardenour Walter, Medieval Encounters 19 (2013), pp. 238-242 "...De artikelen en prachtige afbeeldingen in Medicine and space sluiten naadloos op deze inzichten aan. [...] Vooral de inleiding van Patricia Baker en Han Nijdam biedt een zeer helder overzicht van deze verschillende invalshoeken. [...] Medicine and space biedt nu alvast een waardevolle ingang tot allerlei vragen naar het lichaam, ruimte en omgeving..." Claire Weeda, Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 126 (2013), pp. 410-411Table of ContentsPreface ... vii Acknowledgements ... ix List of Illustrations ... xi List of Contributors ... xix Figures and Plates ... following xx Introduction: Conceptualizing Body, Space and Borders ... 1 Patricia Baker and Han Nijdam PART ONE: SPACES OF ANATOMY Fistulas, the Knee, and the ‘Three-dimensional’ Body Michael McVaugh ... 23 Inside and Outside, Cavities and Containers: the Organs of Generation in Seventeenth-century English Medicine Helen King ... 37 PART TWO: THE BODY AND SPACE The ‘locus afffectus’ in Ancient Medical Theories of Disease Glenda Camille McDonald ... 63 Internal, Yet Extrinsic: Conceptions of Bodily Space and their Relation to Causality in Late Medieval University Medicine Karine van ’t Land ... 85 Permeable Boundaries: Bodies, Bathing and Fluxes: 1135–1333 Fabiola I.W.M. van Dam ... 117 PART THREE: SURROUNDINGS Space and the Body: Uses of Astronomy in Hippocratic Medicine Maithe A.A. Hulskamp ... 149 Shaping the Diffference: The Medical Inquiry into the Nature of Places and the Early Birth of Anthropology in the Hippocratic Treatise Airs Waters Places Roberto Lo Presti ... 169 Death and the City: The Human Corpse as an Embodiment of Public Wellbeing in Counter-Reformation Rome Catrien Santing ... 197 PART FOUR: HOSPITALS AND ARCHITECTURE Spaces of Sickness in Greco-Roman Medicine Ralph M. Rosen ... 227 Medieval Islamic Hospitals: Structural Design and Social Perceptions Patricia Baker ... 245 Liminality and Disability: Spatial and Conceptual Aspects of Physical Impairment in Medieval Europe Irina Metzler ... 273 Bibliography ... 297 Index ... 309

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Book SynopsisResearching and writing its history has always been one of the tasks of the university, particularly on the occasion of anniversary celebrations. Through case studies of Prague (1848, 1948), Oslo (1911), Cluj (from 1919), Leipzig (2009) and Trondheim (2010), this book shows the continuity of the close relationship between jubilees and university historiography and the impact of this interaction on the jubilee publications and academic heritage. Up to today, historians are faced with the challenge of finding a balance between an engaged, celebratory approach and a more distant, academically critical one. In its third part, the book aims to go beyond the jubilee and presents three other ways of writing university history, by focusing on the university as an educational institution. Contributors are: Thomas Brandt, Pieter Dhondt, Marek Ďurčanský, Jonas Flöter, Jorunn Sem Fure, Trude Maurer, Emmanuelle Picard, Ana-Maria Stan and Johan Östling.Trade ReviewUniversities are really fond of birthday parties [...] But why should historians get involved? Or even feel concerned? Is there more to expect from those celebrations than magnificent but Whiggish volumes, full of idealized remembrances and clever branding? Such are the issues at stake in this original and enlightening collection of essays edited by Pieter Dhondt.[...] In his brilliant historiographical introduction, Pieter Dhondt shows how the traditional jubilee history became more than a weapon of propaganda, with the emergence of university history as a scientific field in its own right, broadening its geographical, thematic and chronological horizons – even if this emancipation is still largely in statu nascendi. [...] their book is rewarding and useful: let us hope it paves the way to an even more independent but fully integrated university history. Pierre Verschueren (2016). The British Journal for the History of Science, 49, p. 151-152. doi:10.1017/S0007087416000273Table of ContentsLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS INTRODUCTION 1. University history writing: more than a history of jubilees? Pieter DHONDT, University of Eastern Finland PART I: UNIVERSITY HISTORY WRITING AS PART OF THE JUBILEE 2. Two great anniversaries, two lost opportunities: Charles University in Prague, 1848 and 1948 Marek ĎURČANSKÝ, Charles University in Prague and Pieter DHONDT, University of Eastern Finland 3. The Royal Frederick University in Kristiania in 1911. Intellectual beacon of the North or a North Germanic provincial University? Jorunn Sem FURE, Telemark Museum 4. Commitment, reserve and self-assertion. The celebration of patriotic anniversaries in Russian and German universities 1912/13 Trude MAURER, University of Göttingen 5. Academic ceremonies and celebrations at the Romanian University of Cluj 1919-2009 Ana-Maria STAN, Babeş-Bolyai University PART II: UNIVERSITY HISTORY WRITING ON THE OCCASION OF A JUBILEE 6. 1968 as a turning point in Trondheim's university history Thomas BRANDT, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7. University history research at the University of Leipzig Jonas FLÖTER, University of Leipzig PART III: UNIVERSITY HISTORY WRITING BEYOND THE JUBILEE 8. The Humboldtian tradition. The German university transformed, 1800-1945 Johan ÖSTLING, Lund University 9. French academia in a prosopographic perspective: a collaborative joint project Emmanuelle PICARD, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 10. University history writing as part of the history of education Pieter DHONDT, University of Eastern Finland NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS INDEX

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Book SynopsisHousni Alkhateeb Shehada's Mamluks and Animals: Veterinary Medicine in Medieval Islam is the first comprehensive study of veterinary medicine, its practitioners and its patients in the medieval Islamic world, with special emphasis on the Mamluk period (1250-1517). Based on a large variety of sources, it is a history of a scientific field that is also examined from social and cultural perspectives. Horses, as well as birds of prey used for hawking and falconry, were at the centre of the veterinary literature of that period, but the treatment and cure of other animals was not totally neglected. The Mamluk period is presented here as the time when veterinary medicine reached its pinnacle in medieval Islam and often even surpassed human medicine.Trade Review'Shehada’s work will remain the standard work on Islamic veterinarian medicine for years to come not only because of the rarity of the scholarship but also because of his overall thorough study of it. Scholars of medicine will find it intriguing, while Mamluk scholars or those who study the medieval Islamic world will be pleased with this nuanced studied of an often ignored aspect of life in the Mamluk Sultanate.' Timothy May, Dahlonega, Sudhoffs Archiv 101/1, 2017/

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Book SynopsisIn Elegant Anatomy Marieke Hendriksen offers an account of the material culture of the eighteenth-century Leiden anatomical collections, which have not been studied in detail before. The author introduces the novel analytical concept of aesthesis, as these historical medical collections may seem strange, and undeniably have a morbid aesthetic, yet are neither curiosities nor art. As this book deals with issues related to the keeping and displaying of historical human remains, it is highly relevant for material culture and museum studies, cultural history, the history of scientific collections and the history of medicine alike. Unlike existing literature on historical anatomical collections, this book takes the objects in the collections as its starting point, instead of the people that created them.Trade Review'They [the images] form a provocative source that, along with the case studies, can be put to use by scholars interested in the history of science, scientific instruments, material culture, museums and the history of science in public. It joins a growing literature that reveals a desire to bring such studies together for their mutual benefit.' Rebekah Higgitt in: The British Journal for the History of Science, Volume 48, Issue 04, December 2015, pp. 697-699. DOI: 10.1017/S0007087415000771, Published online: 02 December 2015. In Elegant Anatomy Marieke Hendriksen sees the mixture of wonder and disgust that seems to be at work in Cox’s sketches as derived from an eighteenth-century “epistemic culture” distinct from our own. Her first chapter is on trying to create a specimen (of a sheep’s heart) by imitating eighteenthcentury injection methods. The experiment served to instruct her and her friends about the difficulties of getting any usable results without learning from a master. But while she cannot duplicate their techniques, she does get at their aims by invoking a term occasionally used in the period, “aesthesis.” [...] For Hendriksen, aesthesis has five interlinked characteristics: what can be known through sensory perception; scrutiny and manipulation of the elegance of the material world; dealing with disgust; the tactile processes of commodification, domestication, and objectification; and tacit knowledge. The commodification of bodies in the period is important; but for people like the anatomist Albinus, she sees the main goal as knowledge of the “perfection of nature.” She is especially good on the “aesthesis” evident in covering the limbs of babies in bottles with lace sleeves and related phenomena; and there is an excellent chapter here on the babies in bottles sent from Africa and Asia (another version of it appears in The Fate of Anatomical Collections). In a nonpositivistic account of the period one will struggle to find information about new anatomical findings, which the actors thought were important too. But her work on the cultural history of the anatomical aethesis of the eighteenth century makes excellent use of information about the intentions and practices of anatomical preparators, along with a close study of some of the items themselves. It is good to try to get past “aesthetics.” Harold J. Cook, in: Isis, Volume 107, Number 1, March 2016, pp. 149-152.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Illustrations 1. Introduction: Understanding Eighteenth-Century Leiden Anatomy 2. Elegant Anatomy: Aesthesis 3. Quicksilver Anatomy: Exploring the Lymphatic System with Mercury 4. Hands, Lace, and Plants: Meaningful Embellishments 5. Beautiful Monsters: How Deformity Can Be Elegant 6. Colonial Bodies: Collecting the Exotic Other 7. Back to the Bone: The End of Aesthesis 8. Conclusion: Aesthesis and the Future of Historical Anatomical Collections Bibliography

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Book SynopsisToday the name most closely associated with evolutionary theory is Charles Darwin. Given Darwin’s immense reputation it is easy to forget that Herbert Spencer, in his time, was just as famous as Darwin. It turns out that Spencer’s evolutionary thought was not what necessarily appealed to many of his readers, since they had their own sense of his identity and importance. By focusing on Spencer the evolutionist, scholars have tended to concentrate their attention on a rather narrow view of him that has come out of Anglo-American appropriations of his thought. Spencer was one of the first international, public intellectuals whose views on psychology, religion, sociology, ethics, education, and biology captured the imagination of readers all over the world. The chapters will cover the communication and appropriation of Spencer’s ideas in Russia, the Middle East, China, Japan, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, the United States, Italy, Scandinavia, and France. Contributors are: Li Bin, Juan Manuel Rodriguez Caso, Gowan Dawson, Heloisa Maria Bertol Domingues, Marwa Elshakry, Mark Francis, G. Clinton Godart, Michael Gordon, Paola Govoni, Rosaura Ruiz Gutiérrez, Hans Henrik Hjermitslev, Ricardo Noguera-Solano, Adriana Novoa, Greg Radick, Nathalie Richard, Ke Zunke.Table of ContentsIntroduction Bernard Lightman 1 “What a Go-a-Head People They Are!”: The Hostile Appropriation of Herbert Spencer in Imperial Russia Michael D. Gordin 2 Spencer’s Arabic Readers Marwa Elshakry 3 Spencerism in Japan: Boom and Bust of a Theory G. Clinton Godart 4 Spencer and Science Education in China Ke Zunke and Li Bin 5 The Reforming Spencerians: William James, Josiah Royce and John Dewey Mark Francis 6 Spencer’s American Disciples: Fiske, Youmans, and the Appropriation of the System Bernard Lightman 7 The Ideology of the “Survival of the Fittest” during the Porfiriato in Mexico Rosaura Ruiz Gutiérrez, Ricardo Noguera Solano, and Juan Manuel Rodríguez Caso 8 The Rise and Fall of Spencer’s Evolutionary Ideas in Argentina, 1870–1910 Adriana Novoa 9 Spencerism in Brazil: An Introduction Heloisa Maria Bertol Domingues 10 The Importance of Being Quantified: Herbert Spencer in Liberal Italy, and Beyond Paola Govoni 11 Education and Evolution: Appropriations of Herbert Spencer in Scandinavia, 1870–1920 Hans Henrik Hjermitslev 12 A ‘Spencerian Moment’ in French Cultural History? Spencer in France (1870–1890) Nathalie Richard Afterword Gowan Dawson and Gregory Radick

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Book SynopsisThe boundaries between mental, social and physical order and various states of disorder – unexpected mood swings, fury, melancholy, stress, insomnia, and demonic influence – form the core of this compilation. For medieval men and women, religious rituals, magic, herbs, dietary requirements as well as to scholastic medicine were a way to cope with the vagaries of mental wellbeing; the focus of the articles is on the interaction and osmosis between lay and elite cultures as well as medical, theological and political theories and practical experiences of daily life. Time span of the volume is the later Middle Ages, c. 1300-1500. Geographically it covers Western Europe and the comparison between Mediterranean world and Northern Europe is an important constituent. Contributors are Jussi Hanska, Gerhard Jaritz, Timo Joutsivuo, Kirsi Kanerva, Sari Katajala-Peltomaa, Marko Lamberg, Iona McCleery, Susanna Niiranen, Sophie Oosterwijk, and Catherine Rider.Trade Review"This is an important addition to recent literature on the history of mental health, health and diet regimen, public health and disabilities in the Middle Ages. It is readable and interesting, and it would make a good addition to a course on medieval health or medieval disabilities. An advanced undergraduate would find this interesting, as would the scholar." Wendy Turner, Social History of Medicine, Vol. 28, No. 2, DOI:10.1093/shm/hkv013, Accessed on: 2 May, 2015 "This wide-ranging collection of articles, edited by Sari Katajala-Peltomaa and Susanna Niiranen, will constitute a welcome addition to the bookshelves of medievalists dealing with themes of mental health and illness, or with the history of the emotions in the later medieval period... the volume succeeds both in bringing diverse scholarly approaches into a rewarding dialogue with one another and in presenting a pleasurable book to read...I enjoyed all parts of the volume and found it to be a valuable resource which I can whole-heartedly recommend. The essays enrich one another admirably when read together." Nancy Mandeville Caciola, English Historical Review cxxxii. 556 (June 2017)Table of ContentsAbbreviations … vii List of Figures … viii Acknowledgements … x Perspectives to Mental (Dis)Order in Later Medieval Europe … 1 Sari Katajala-Peltomaa & Susanna Niiranen How to Get a Melancholy Marquess to Sleep? Melancholy in Scholastic Medicine … 21 Timo Joutsivuo Demons and Mental Disorder in Late Medieval Medicine … 47 Catherine Rider Anger as a Spiritual, Social and Mental Disorder in Late Medieval Swedish Exempla … 70 Marko Lamberg Signs of Mental Disorder in Late Medieval Visual Evidence … 91 Gerhard Jaritz Demonic Possession as Physical and Mental Disturbance in the Later Medieval Canonization Processes … 108 Sari Katajala-Peltomaa “Volebam tamen ut nomen michi esset Dyonisius” – Fra Salimbene, Wine and Well-Being … 128 Jussi Hanska Mental Disorders in Remedy Collections: A Comparison of Occitan and Swedish Material … 151 Susanna Niiranen Wine, Women and Song? Diet and Regimen for Royal Well-Being (King Duarte of Portugal, 1433–1438) … 177 Iona McCleery “This Worlde Is but a Pilgrimage”: Mental Attitudes in/to the Medieval Danse Macabre … 197 Sophie Oosterwijk Disturbances of the Mind and Body: Effects of the Living Dead in Medieval Iceland … 219 Kirsi Kanerva Bibliography … 243 Index … 281

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Book SynopsisThe contributions gathered in this volume endeavour to evaluate the role played by medical empiricism in the emergence of a philosophy of human nature in the 17th century and the role played by philosophical anthropology in the 18th century. Divided into three parts, “1. The Dispute between Metaphysics and Empiricism”, “2. Arts of Empirical Research,” and “3. Relevance of Case Studies,” the volume questions the position of medicine within so-called “natural philosophy”, which encompasses physiology and anatomy, as well as physics, astronomy and chemistry. One of its aims is to understand the tension between the goals pursued by the “natural philosopher” and the objectives set by the "physician". Within natural philosophy, the primary goal is to know nature, the body and the living, and this knowledge implies an effort to understand the causes of natural phenomena. For the physician, on the other hand, the primary goal is to cure the patients’ bodies that are presented to him. Contributors include: Claire Crignon, Claire Etchegaray, Guido Giglioni, Domenico Berto Meli, Anne-Lise Rey, Yvonne Wübben, and Carsten Zelle.Table of ContentsIntroduction Claire Crignon, Carsten Zelle, Nunzio Allocca I. THE DISPUTE BETWEEN METAPHYSICS AND EMPIRICISM The Debate about methodus medendi during the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century in England: Modern Philosophical Readings of Classical Medical Empiricism in Bacon, Nedham, Willis and Boyle Claire Crignon The Status of Leibniz’ Medical Experiments: A Provisional Empiricism? Anne-Lise Rey Whytt and the Idea of Power: Physiological Evidence as a Challenge to the Eighteenth-Century Criticism of the Notion of Power Claire Etchegaray II. ARTS OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH Learning to Read Nature: Francis Bacon’s Notion of Experiential Literacy (Experientia Literata) Guido Giglioni Of Snails and Horsetails: Anatomical Empiricism in the Early Modern Period Domenico Bertoloni Meli III. RELEVANCE OF CASE STUDIES Experiment, Observation, Self-observation. Empiricism and the ‘Reasonable Physicians’ of the Early Enlightenment Carsten Zelle Writing Cases and Casuistic Reasoning in Karl Philipp Moritz’ Journal of Empirical Psychology Yvonne Wubben Indices

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Book SynopsisMedicine and the Law in the Middle Ages offers fresh insight into the intersection between these two distinct disciplines. A dozen authors address this intersection within three themes: medical matters in law and administration of law, professionalization and regulation of medicine, and medicine and law in hagiography. The articles include subjects such as medical expertise at law on assault, pregnancy, rape, homicide, and mental health; legal regulation of medicine; roles physicians and surgeons played in the process of professionalization; canon law regulations governing physical health and ecclesiastical leaders; and connections between saints’ judgments and the bodies of the penitent. Drawing on primary sources from England, France, Frisia, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, the volume offers a truly international perspective. Contributors are Sara M. Butler, Joanna Carraway Vitiello, Jean Dangler, Carmel Ferragud, Fiona Harris-Stoertz, Maire Johnson, Hiram Kümper, Iona McCleery, Han Nijdam, Kira Robison, Donna Trembinski, Wendy J. Turner, and Katherine D. Watson.Trade Review"...With a concentration on reading and critiquing these medieval sources of medicine and law together, Turner and Butler, along with their contributors uncover how two bodies of knowledge intersect and interact, shedding light on each other equally. Indeed, "a study of medical practice through the eyes of the law...furnishes a unique opportunity to see medicine in action" (7). Simultaneously, Turner and Butler describe the law as invested in medicine and physicians for their expertise in court cases and legal matters. ...presenting several avenues for future study, highlighting one of the strengths of this collection. ...The distinction between theory and practice raised by several essays in the collection, especially those discussing the prestige of medical education or licensure, serves … as one of the more significant contributions the collection makes. And, indeed, for this reviewer, reading [Katherine D. Watson's] remarks makes clear how this collection raises as many questions as it answers, which is particularly appealing. Indeed, although scholars might wish for essays on subjects not covered, it is fitting that such a scholarly endeavor would need to strike a balance between comprehensiveness and coverage. So while this collection contains essays that are focused--almost surgical in their specific interventions--it also makes an effort to include a range of topics, covering almost ten centuries of material and most of Western Europe in twelve well-constructed chapters. Although it is ambitious, the collection responds with clarity and concision to the texts under discussion." Will Rogers, University of Louisiana, Monroe in The Medieval Review, 15.10.46Table of ContentsAcknowledgements …ix About the Authors …x Abbreviations …xiii Medicine and Law: The Confluence of Art and Science in the Middle Ages …1 Wendy J. Turner and Sara M. Butler Medical Matters in Law and Administration of Law …23 1 Compensating Body and Honor: The Old Frisian Compensation Tariffs …25 Han Nijdam 2 Midwives in the Middle Ages? Birth Attendants, 600–1300 …58 Fiona Harris-Stoertz 3 Learned Men and Skillful Matrons: Medical Expertise and the Forensics of Rape in the Middle Ages… 88 Hiram Kümper 4 Expert Examination of Wounds in the Criminal Court of Justice in Cocentaina (Kingdom of Valencia) during the Late Middle Ages …109 Carmel Ferragud 5 Forensic Evidence, Lay Witnesses and Medical Expertise in the Criminal Courts of Late Medieval Italy… 133 Joanna Carraway Vitiello 6 Mental Health as a Foundation for Suit or an Excuse for Theft in Medieval English Legal Disputes …157 Wendy J. Turner Professionalization and Regulation of Medicine …175 7 Making Right Practice? Regulating Surgery and Medicine in Fourteenth and Fifteenth-Century Bologna …177 Kira Robison 8 Medical Licensing in Late Medieval Portugal… 196 Iona McCleery 9 Dreaming of Valencia’s Social Order in Jaume Roig’s Espill…220 Jean Dangler 10 Portrait of a Surgeon in Fifteenth-Century England …243 Sara M. Butler Medicine and the Law in Hagiography …267 11 An Infirm Man: Reading Francis of Assisi’s Retirement in the Context of Canon Law …269 Donna Trembinski 12 Medicine and Miracle: Law Enforcement in the Lives of Irish Saints …288 Máire Johnson Concluding Remarks …317 Katherine D. Watson Works Cited …328 Index…369

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Book SynopsisDer Historiograph al-Maqrīzī (15. Jh.) befasst sich in seinem kurzen Traktat mit den Mineralien, ihrer Klassifikation, ihren medizinischen Anwendungen sowie Theorien über ihre Entstehung. Käs legt hier erstmals eine kritische Textedition mit deutscher Übersetzung und ausführlichem Kommentar vor. The 15th century historiographer al-Maqrīzī deals in his short treatise with minerals, their classification, medicinal uses and theories of their coming into being. Käs presents for the first time a critical edition of this text along with a German translation and a detailed commentary.Trade Review"The outstanding work that Fabian Käs has done so far on the difficult and intriguing subject of Arabic mineralogy will hopefully redraw attention to this somewhat neglected but no less important field of research; and together with the recent study of al-Tīfāshī’s stone-book by Armin Schopen and Karl W. Strauß, it might even pave the way for other scholars to arrive at a deeper understanding of the multifaceted world which medieval mineralogy evokes. The book reviewed here is, in any case, a stunningly flawless achievement." Oliver Kahl in Journal of Semitic Studies, vol 61, no 2, October 2016.

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Book SynopsisThis study about David Livingstone is different from all other publications about him. Here, Livingstone is not the main topic of interest; the focus of the author is on nutrition and health in pre-colonial Africa and Livingstone is his key informant. David Livingstone and the Myth of African Poverty and Disease is an unusual book. After a close examination of Livingstone’s writings and comparative reading of contemporary authors, Sjoerd Rijpma has been able to draw cautious conclusions about the relatively favourable conditions of health and nutrition in southern and central Africa during the pre-colonial period. His findings shed new light on the medical history of Sub-Saharan Africa.Trade Review"[...] this volume would be of interest to the student of southern African history pre-1880, especially Africans themselves in order to appreciate their heritage (rather than just the often negative colonial version of it), and those interested in re-thinking how agricultural practices could be environmentally sensitive and appropriate to southern African soils." - Margaret O’Callaghan, Australian National University, in: Australasian Review of African Studies 37.2 (December 2016), pp. 149-151 "[...] In conclusion it may be said that Rijpma provided a modified depiction of the historical significance of Livingstone as explorer. In his data the author found confirmation for many things reported by others, but he was unable to accept Livingstone’s plea for the colonization of Africa. Because of this plea the explorer did not do justice to the authentic value of African culture and society." - Jaap van Slageren, in: Exchange 46.1 (2017) pp. 85-87Table of ContentsForeword Preface Preface to the 2015 Edition Some Basic Data (Tables I and II) David Livingstone Chronology Acronyms and Abbreviations PART I AFRICA’S PAST: SURPRISING N EW ASPECTS Introduction to Part 1 1. ‘Health and nutrition’ or ‘disease and hunger’? - What is the actual meaning of ‘malnutrition’? - Poverty in precolonial Africa - Malaria, malaria and ‘fever’ - The correlation between health and nourishment - What is meant by resistance? - Assumptions PART II DAVID LIVINGSTONE IN TROPICAL AFRICA 2. 1849–56: Missionary Travels and Researches Sojourn and travels in southern Africa (1841–49), the ‘missionary travels’ (1849–53), the trans-Africa journey (1853–56) A paraphrase of a number of aspects of the book - The first ten years in southern Africa - The Kololo - To Luanda (1853–54) - Luanda (1854); back to Linyanti (1854–55) - From Linyanti to Quelimane (1855–56); reflections on Livingstone’s Missionary Travels; Missionary Travels compared Preparations for the Zambezi expedition 3. 1858–64: Narrative of an Expedition Exploration of rivers and lakes; return to Linyanti with the Kololo. A paraphrase of various aspects of the second book - Investigating the Zambezi - Exploring the River Shire and Lake Malawi - Intermezzo: a journey on foot from Mozambique to Linyanti and back - The Universities’ Mission; the Ruvuma explorations - The end of the expedition Reflections on Narrative of an Expedition; Narrative of an Expedition compared; once again to Africa 4. David Livingstone: a usable source of ‘general’ information? PART III UNEXPECTED DISCOVERIES IN TROPICAL AFRICA Introduction to Part 3 5. 1849–56: Missionary Travels and Researches Sojourn and travels in southern Africa (1841–49), the ‘missionary travels’ (1849–53), the trans-Africa journey (1853–56). A paraphrase with the emphasis on health and nutrition - The first ten years in southern Africa - The Kololo - To Luanda (1853–54) - Luanda (1854); back to Linyanti (1854–55) - From Linyanti to Quelimane (1855–56) Reflections: health and nutrition in Missionary Travels 6. 1858–64: Narrative of an Expedition Exploration of rivers and lakes; return to Linyanti with the Kololo. A paraphrase with the emphasis on health and nutrition - Investigating the Zambezi - Exploring the River Shire and Lake Malawi - Intermezzo: a journey on foot from Mozambique to Linyanti and back - The Universities’ Mission; the Ruvuma explorations - The end of the expedition Reflections: health and nutrition in Narrative of an Expedition 7. 1866–73: Waller’s 'The Last Journals of David Livingstone'; searching for the sources of the Nile A paraphrase of Waller’s 'The Last Journals of David Livingstone' - To Lake Malawi, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Mweru and Lake Bangweulu (1866–68) - From Lake Bangweulu to Lake Tanganyika and back (1868–73). Reflections on Waller’s The Last Journals of David Livingstone Reflections: health and nutrition in The Last Journals 8. What David Livingstone really discovered in tropical Africa - Children without ‘malnutrition’ - Health and limited sickness - Full value nourishment and food supply, and green revolutions - His opinion on health and nutrition SOME CLOSING REMARKS LITERATURE Books consulted, not cited INDEX MAPS: from David Livingstone and the Victorian Encounter with Africa.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the social, institutional and cultural setting of medical practices in the medieval town of Montpellier which boasted one of the first universities of the middle ages and a famous school of medicine. Some of its most celebrated masters and their medical works have been thoroughly studied but few of them try to put these in context with a thriving urban community of merchants and craftsmen that were at the core of the city council. Their concurrent efforts will endow Montpellier of a rich health care system featuring not only the university masters but also the city’s barber-surgeons and apothecaries. Their collective fate is revealed here in an integrated picture of health and society in the middle ages.Table of ContentsTable des illustrations ix Remerciements xi Abréviations et conventions xiii Introduction 1 Préambule: Montpellier, Xe-XVe siècles 16 Partie 1: Le milieu de la santé à Montpellier : contexte institutionnel 1 Les médecins à travers les statuts de l’école de médecine (1220–1360) 25 Une premiere phase (fin XIIe–milieu XIVe) 26 Une deuxieme phase (1360–1500) 69 2 Les chirurgiens, les barbiers 88 La chirurgie scolastique a Montpellier 91 Les chirurgiens dans la ville 103 Les statuts des barbiers-chirurgiens 106 La chirurgie a l’Universite 116 3 Les épiciers, les apothicaires 120 Le sement des epiciers-apothicaires 122 Une supplique pour l’independance du metier 126 Partie 2: Cursus et carrières 4 Cursus et carrières des médecins 135 Le mentorat 135 Les medecins juifs et l’apprentissage de la medecine 142 Cheminements et carrieres 144 La pratique aupres des grands: les cours, lieux d’echanges intellectuels 158 L’ecriture ou la didactique de la medecine 171 La traduction a Montpellier 189 5 Apprentissage et établissement des métiers de la santé 222 Apprentissage et pratique des barbiers et chirurgiens 222 Apprentissage et pratique des apothicaires 231 Partie 3: Pratiques de soins et santé publique 6 Les praticiens au service de la ville 247 Quelques elements d’historiographie 248 Hopitaux et charite a Montpellier XIIe-XVIe siecles 252 La ville et l’organisation sanitaire 259 7 La peste et la lèpre Deux préoccupations majeures du consulat 279 La lepre 279 L’examen de ≪ leprosite ≫ et la ville de Montpellier 293 La peste a Montpellier 303 Partie 4: Économie et société 8 Le statut économique des intervenants de la santé 333 Evaluation des patrimoines 333 Evaluation des activites economiques 355 9 Sociabilité du milieu de la santé à Montpellier 375 Les solidarites familiales 377 Les solidarites associatives 394 10 La médecine dans les marges 423 Enseignement et pratique de la medecine 423 Montpellier et les sciences marginales 434 Conclusion 476 Appendice: Procès de Gaucelm Gracie contre les maîtres de l’université des médecins de Montpellier 489 Annexe I: Rotation des lectures à l’Université des médecins de Montpellier (1488–1500) 507 Annexe II: Registres notariés 512 Annexe III: Consuls du métier de barbier auprès du consulat de 1353 à 1422 515 Sources et bibliographie 517 Index 583

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Book SynopsisWhen, why and how was it first believed that the corpse could reveal ‘signs’ useful for understanding the causes of death and eventually identifying those responsible for it? The Body of Evidence. Corpses and Proofs in Early Modern European Medicine, edited by Francesco Paolo de Ceglia, shows how in the late Middle Ages the dead body, which had previously rarely been questioned, became a specific object of investigation by doctors, philosophers, theologians and jurists. The volume sheds new light on the elements of continuity, but also on the effort made to liberate the semantization of the corpse from what were, broadly speaking, necromantic practices, which would eventually merge into forensic medicine.Table of ContentsList of Figures Contributing Authors Introduction: Corpses, Evidence and Medical Knowledge in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age Francesco Paolo de Ceglia SECTION 1. FROM DIVINATION TO AUTOPSY 1. Saving the Phenomenon: Why Corpses Bled in the Presence of their Murderer in Early Modern Science Francesco Paolo de Ceglia 2. Unfamiliar Faces: The Identification of Corpses In Late Medieval Valencia Carmel Ferragud 3. Reading the Corpse (Bologna, Mid 13th-Early 16thth Century) Tommaso Duranti SECTION 2. THE UNCERTAINTIES OF THE ANATOMICAL GAZE 4. Dissection Techniques, Forensics and Anatomy in the Sixteenth Century Allen Shotwell 5. Monstrous Exegesis: Opening Up Double Monsters in Early Modern Europe Alan W.H. Bates 6. Corpses, Contagion and Courage: Fear and the Inspection of Bodies in Seventeenth-Century London Kevin Siena 7. Knowledge from and on Bodies and Resistance to Anatomical Discourse (Padua, 16th-18th Centuries) Massimo Galtarossa SECTION 3: CORPSES AND EVIDENCES 8. Reading Deeds, Lifestyles and Bodies: The Classification of Suicide in Early Modern Europe Alexander Kästner 9. Corpses and Confessions: Forensic Investigation and Infanticide in Early Modern Germany Margaret Brannan Lewis 10. Visum et Repertum: Medical Doctrine and Criminal Procedures in France and Naples (17th-18th Centuries) Diego Carnevale 11. Frightening Whirlpools: Drowning in France in the Eighteenth Century Lucia De Frenza and Caterina Tisci Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume rethinks the role of the Sino-Japanese medical classics during the early modern period in light of antiquarianism, languages, and medical philology. Philology in particular allows the authors to address the changing meaning of the same term, which often reflected well-known metaphors in the source language that were transposed to the target language. Each essay touches on the reliability of received medical texts and their modern fate.Trade Review"The Treatise on Cold Damage is precisely the sort of text for which a deeper understanding of the use of philological approaches in the study and practice of medicine promises the greatest increase in our understanding of East Asian medicine’s history. While the essays collected in this volume are all important and exciting in their own right, the new avenues of research that they highlight are equally exciting. I hope that this book will inspire more work in this highly productive field." - Stephen Boyanton, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, in: Journal of the American Oriental Society 138.1 (2018)

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Book SynopsisScientific experimentation with humans has a long history. Combining elements of history of science with history of medicine, The Uses of Humans in Experiment illustrates how humans have grappled with issues of consent, and how scientists have balanced experience with empiricism to achieve insights for scientific as well as clinical progress. The modern incarnation of ethics has often been considered a product of the second half of the twentieth century, as enshrined in international laws and codes, but these authors remind us that this territory has long been debated, considered, and revisited as a fundamental part of the scientific enterprise that privileges humans as ideal subjects for advancing research.Trade Review"The Uses of Human Experiment is a collection of what individually are very interesting and useful essays that cover little-studied episodes in the history of human subject research." Piers J. Hale (University of Oklahoma), in Metascience (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11016-019-00398-x. '[...] from colorful tales on exploring the bodies of 18th-century hermaphrodites and the follies of self-experimentation by people of the stature of Alexander von Humboldt to well-intentioned nutritional experiments with prisoners, the risks and promises of radium, race and eugenics, and the horrors of the Nazis' coerced research. The essays keep readers interested and intrigued and provoke reflection on the status of humans as subjects for experimentation. This volume will be useful to scholars who have worked or are currently working on the history and ethics of research on humans and need to further illustrate or enhance their work with the addition of historical facts or colorful notes.' - P. Rodriguez del Pozo (Weill Cornell Medical College), in: CHOICE, November 2016 Vol. 54 No. 3Table of Contents1 The Hermphrodite of Charing Cross 2 Galvanic Humans Rob Iliffe 3 The Subject as Instrument: Galvanic Experiments, Organic Apparatus and Problems of Calibration Joan Steigerwald 4 Shocking Subjects: Human Experiments and the Material Culture of Medical Electricity in Eighteenth-Century England Paola Bertucci 5 Pneumatic Chemistry, Self-Experimentation and the Burden of Revolution, 1780–1805 Larry Stewart 6 Food Fights: Human Experiments in Late Nineteenth-Century Nutrition Physiology Elizabeth Neswald 7 Experimenting with Radium Therapy: In the Laboratory & the Clinic Katherine Zwicker 8 Anthropometry, Race, and Eugenic Research: “Measurements of Growing Negro Children” Paul A. Lombardo 9 Nazi Human Experiments: The Victims’ Perspective and the Post-Second World War Discourse Paul Weindling 10 A Eugenics Experiment: Sterilization, Hyperactivity and Degeneration Erika Dyck

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Book SynopsisThe Understanding, Prevention and Control of Human Cancer is an account of how a married couple opened understanding of environmental carcinogenesis. Elizabeth Cavert and James A. Miller showed that enzymes of the human body activate and enable otherwise benign organic chemicals to combine with DNA in such a manner that cancer results. Their work is of particular note because cancer causes more loss of life-years than the sum of all other causes of death—and, as the President’s (USA) Cancer Panel warned, environmental carcinogenesis is a form of cancer that has been previously “grossly underestimated”. The Millers’ cancer research led to tests that identify dangerous chemicals which in turn permits prevention and thus the control of human cancer.Trade Review"A seminal paper authored in 1947 by Elizabeth C. Miller (1920–87) and James A. Miller (1915–2000) provided the first clue to an underlying common mechanism for the biological activities of chemical carcinogens. […] Robert G. McKinnell has recently published an excellent biography of James and Elizabeth Miller, motivated in part by his desire ‘that the Millers should be recognized by the myriads of ordinary people whose lives have been impacted for the better.’" - Norman Drinkwater, University of Wisconsin-Madison, in: Medical History 61.1 (January 2017)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements xi Also by Robert G. McKinnell xiv In Appreciation xv List of Figures xvi 1. Cancer is the Most Important Disease of the 21st Century: A Reality Most Fail to Comprehend 1 That Reality is Why I Wrote This Book 1 Person Years of Life Lost 1 New Cases and Deaths 3 Chemical Carcinogenesis 3 Elizabeth C. and James A. Miller 5 A Lack of Recognition 7 Who Does Cancer Research? 9 Glazed Eyes Not Permitted 10 2. Cancer for Novices: An Introduction 12 Cancer Defined Sans Torture 12 The Antiquity of Malignancy 14 Metastasis 17 Chemotherapy 19 Radiation, Viruses, Bacteria, Heredity and/or Possibly “Bad Luck” 20 Factors that Give Rise to Cancer: Environment 23 Animal Experimentation 31 Chemical Structure of Carcinogens 35 Carcinogenesis is a Multistep Process 37 Concluding Remarks 39 3. The Millers and Chemical Carcinogenesis 41 Carcinogens and Metabolism 41 Occam’s (Ockham) Sharp Razor 46 Cancer-Causing Dyes 48 Can Chemical Structure Predict Carcinogenicity? 55 Metabolic Studies of Other Chemicals 56 A Synopsis of Metabolic Activation 59 The Essential Material of Chemical Carcinogenesis 60 Metabolic Activation Requires Enzymes—What Enzymes? 61 The Paradox of Cancer-Causing Enzymes in Normal Humans 64 Direct Acting Chemical Carcinogens 67 Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes 68 The Significance of the Millers’ Research 69 The Quest Continues 70 4. Serendipity: How the Millers Unintentionally Revolutionized Biology 71 A Note about Basic Research 71 Test Systems for Mutagens and Carcinogens 73 Person to Person Differences in Sensitivity to Environmental Carcinogens 78 Molecular Epidemiology: Formation of Macromolecular Adducts as Indicators of Cancer Risk 81 Laws Regulating Carcinogens 82 Teratogenesis and Drug Metabolism are Related to Metabolic Activation 83 5. The Family Origins of Elizabeth Cavert Miller: New York, Ireland and Scotland 85 Charlton, New York 86 An Early Cavert 87 Elizabeth’s Heritage Includes a Castle in Scotland 89 Elizabeth Cavert’s Father 91 Elizabeth Cavert’s Mother 97 6 More about Elizabeth 99 Elizabeth as a Child Lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota 99 Elizabeth’s Siblings 100 Early Years 104 Anoka, Minnesota 105 Summers at Fort Plain, New York 109 Winters in Anoka, Minnesota 110 Springfield, South Dakota 111 Elizabeth Cavert’s Father Taught His Children about Agriculture 112 Return to Saint Paul and the University of Minnesota 113 Two of Elizabeth’s Professors 115 Elizabeth as an Undergraduate in 1937 117 Graduate School, Biochemistry and Home Economics 119 7. James Alexander Miller—How He Became the Other Strand of the Miller Double Helix 123 James’ Birth and Growing Up 124 University of Pittsburgh 128 James A. Miller at the University of Wisconsin-Madison 130 Carl August Baumann: Chemist, Hero and Major Professor 132 James Meets Elizabeth 135 The Wedding 137 They Became Like the Two Strands of DNA 137 James’ Ph.D. Research 139 Elizabeth’s Ph.D. Research 140 James and Elizabeth at the McArdle 143 8. Elizabeth and James, Beyond the Lab 146 Like the Two Strands of DNA—But with Differences 146 “They Seemed Normal to Us” 146 Elizabeth and James’ Daughters 148 Elizabeth Cavert Miller as “Mom” 149 The Millers at Home 150 The Millers Away from Home 155 Was Elizabeth a Feminist? 157 James A. Miller from His Daughters’ View 159 Family Gatherings in Madison 161 Trips to Minnesota 161 Trips to Other Places 163 Higher Education for Linda and Helen 166 An Observant Grandmother 167 Elizabeth’s Terminal Illness 167 Barbara Butler Miller 168 Jim’s Last Illnesses 172 Appendices: 1. Awards, Honors and Professional Activities: Elizabeth Cavert Miller (ECM) and James Alexander Miller (JAM), Individually or Jointly 175 2. Scientific Publications of Elizabeth Cavert Miller and James Alexander Miller 179 3. A Gallery of Cancer Research Covers 180 4. Substances Listed in the Thirteenth Report on Carcinogens 186 Index 193

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