Health economics Books

Book SynopsisTrade Review‘The book offers a fascinating paradigm to reflect upon dementia interventions, promising to widen the lens of interested governments, public health and policy makers, as well as clinicians alike. By interlinking concepts of protecting human rights, preventing elder abuse, caring for persons living with dementia, all contributing to improving global health and economy, this book offers a solid rationale for an international United Nations convention on the human rights for older persons.’ -- Kiran Rabheru, University of Ottawa, Canada‘Robert Brent’s Cost-Benefit Analysis and Dementia provides a comprehensive and accessible examination of how economic tools can assist in making interventions for dementia more effective. Using state-of-the-art economic methods, Brent examines a broad range of efforts ranging from the role of Medicare eligibility to the importance of vision correction and hearing aids. Despite the rigorous attention to the costs and benefits of alternative policies, the book does not lose sight of concerns such as advocacy of broader protections for the human rights of those with dementia.’ -- W. Kip Viscusi, Vanderbilt Law School, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface PART I INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction to dementia, Cost-Benefit Analysis, and the new interventions 2. Measuring dementia symptoms PART II THE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES 3. Years of education 4. Medicare eligibility 5. Hearing aids 6. Vision correction 7. Avoiding nursing homes PART III PUBLIC POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF DEMENTIA INTERVENTIONS 8. Elder abuse 9. Human rights Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis updated third edition offers a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the technologies fueling the major life-enhancing improvements in healthcare globally, including the ingredients for their successful development and commercialisation. Based on solid research, it focuses on practical business strategy issues for executives and students.Trade Review'Understanding the dynamics of the medical device industry has been extremely important to me. Perhaps more than in any other sector, future medical devices, and the promises they hold for real solutions, represent the true intersection of high technology and health care. The information in this book provides a great understanding of this complex industry - the challenges of creating, improving, distributing and competing in this space. The materials included in this book provide an excellent foundation for anyone looking to solve healthcare problems with the incredible technology available today. I highly recommend it.' Kevin R. Sayer, President and CEO, Dexcom, Inc.'Anyone interested in the healthcare field, absolutely needs to read this book. The perspective across all aspects of our industry gives the reader a unique understanding of how it all fits together. As I read the book I felt like I was reliving my over 40 years in the industry. A must read for all of us in a company, building a company, or investing who are committed to making a difference for patients.' Mark Levin, Co-Founder and Partner, Third Rock Ventures'We are in the midst of a revolution that is transforming the pharma and biotech sectors, their strategies, business models, and revenue models. This revolution is breaking down the barriers between these two sectors, relabeling them both as 'life sciences', and calling for new models of discovery and commercialization. This new edition, written by industry experts, chronicles these changes to provide unique insights and learnings, and identifies the skill sets needed to help lead these sectors through revolutionary times.' John Maraganore, CEO, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals'This is an important and opportune time to study and understand the medical technology sector of the healthcare market. This book does an excellent job of simplifying this complicated subject into its unique elements, analyzing each in a clear, direct style that illuminates the key issues facing this rapidly changing industry. The discussion of the sources of, impediments to and changing attitude toward device innovation and regulation are particularly welcome. I recommend this astute analysis to healthcare executives, policymakers, investors, innovators and anyone else who wants to understand the critical importance and future direction of the medical technology industry and its innovation for patients around the world.' Michael Mussallem, Chairman and CEO, Edwards Life SciencesTable of Contents1. Product suppliers in the health care value chain Lawton Robert Burns; 2. The pharmaceutical sector Richard T. Evans and Scott Hinds; 3. The biotechnology sector – therapeutics Cary G. Pfeffer; 4. New venture creation in biotechnology Jason Rhodes and Lawton Robert Burns; 5. The medical device sector Kurt H. Kruger and Max A. Kruger; 6. Financing medtech innovation Justin Klein; 7. The healthcare information technology sector Adam C. Powell and John Glaser.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow can analytics scholars and healthcare professionals access the most exciting and important healthcare topics and tools for the 21st century? Editors Tinglong Dai and Sridhar Tayur, aided by a team of internationally acclaimed experts, have curated this timely volume to help newcomers and seasoned researchers alike to rapidly comprehend a diverse set of thrusts and tools in this rapidly growing cross-disciplinary field. The Handbook covers a wide range of macro-, meso- and micro-level thrustssuch as market design, competing interests, global health,personalizedmedicine, residential care and concierge medicine, among othersand structures what has been a highly fragmented research area into a coherent scientific discipline. The handbook also provides an easy-to-comprehend introduction to five essential research toolsMarkov decision process, game theory and information economics, queueing games, econometric methods, and data scienceby illustratTable of ContentsList of Contributors xvii Preface xix Glossary of Terms xxvii Acknowledgments xxxv Part I Thrusts Macro-level Thrusts (MaTs) 1 Organizational Structure 1Jay Levine 1.1 Introduction to the Healthcare Industry 2 1.2 Academic Medical Centers 6 1.3 Community Hospitals and Physicians 16 1.4 Conclusion 19 2 Access to Healthcare 21Donald R. Fischer 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Goals 27 2.3 Opportunity for Action 29 3 Market Design 31Itai Ashlagi 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Matching Doctors to Residency Programs 31 3.2.1 Early Days 31 3.2.2 A Centralized Market and New Challenges 32 3.2.3 Puzzles and Theory 33 3.3 Kidney Exchange 35 3.3.1 Background 35 3.3.2 Creating a Thick Marketplace for Kidney Exchange 36 3.3.3 Dynamic Matching 38 3.3.4 The Marketplace for Kidney Exchange in the United States 41 3.3.5 Final Comments on Kidney Exchange 43 References 44 Meso-level Thrusts (MeTs) 4 Competing Interests 51Joel Goh 4.1 Introduction 51 4.2 The Literature on Competing Interests 53 4.2.1 Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Products 53 4.2.1.1 Individual Drug Classes 54 4.2.1.2 Multiple Interventions 55 4.2.1.3 Review Articles 56 4.2.2 Physician Ownership 56 4.2.2.1 Physician Ownership of Ancillary Services 57 4.2.2.2 Physician Ownership of Ambulatory Surgery Centers 59 4.2.2.3 Physician Ownership of Speciality Hospitals 60 4.2.2.4 Physician-Owned Distributors 61 4.2.3 Medical Reporting 62 4.2.3.1 DRG Upcoding 63 4.2.3.2 Non-DRG Upcoding 64 4.3 Examples 65 4.3.1 Example 1: Physician Decisions with Competing Interests 66 4.3.2 Example 2: Evidence of HAI Upcoding 70 4.4 Summary and FutureWork 72 References 73 5 Quality of Care 79Hummy Song and Senthil Veeraraghavan 5.1 Frameworks for Measuring Healthcare Quality 79 5.1.1 The Donabedian Model 79 5.1.2 The AHRQ Framework 81 5.2 Understanding Healthcare Quality: Classification of the Existing OR/MS Literature 82 5.2.1 Structure 82 5.2.2 Process 85 5.2.3 Outcome 91 5.2.4 Patient Experience 92 5.2.5 Access 94 5.3 Open Areas for Future Research 95 5.3.1 Understanding Structures and Their Interactions with Processes and Outcomes 95 5.3.2 Understanding Patient Experiences and Their Interactions with Structure 96 5.3.3 Understanding Processes andTheir Interactions with Outcomes 97 5.3.4 Understanding Access to Care 98 5.4 Conclusions 98 Acknowledgments 99 References 99 6 Personalized Medicine 109Turgay Ayer and Qiushi Chen 6.1 Introduction 109 6.2 Sequential Decision Disease Models with Health Information Updates 111 6.2.1 Case Study: POMDP Model for Personalized Breast Cancer Screening 113 6.2.2 Case Study: Kalman Filter for Glaucoma Monitoring 116 6.2.3 Other Relevant Studies 118 6.3 One-Time Decision Disease Models with Risk Stratification 120 6.3.1 Case Study: Subtype-Based Treatment for DLBCL 121 6.3.2 Other Applications 124 6.4 Artificial Intelligence-Based Approaches 125 6.4.1 Learning from Existing Health Data 126 6.4.2 Learning from Trial and Error 127 6.5 Conclusions and Emerging Future Research Directions 128 References 130 7 Global Health 137Karthik V. Natarajan and Jayashankar M. Swaminathan 7.1 Introduction 137 7.2 Funding Allocation in Global Health Settings 139 7.2.1 Funding Allocation for Disease Prevention 139 7.2.2 Funding Allocation for Treatment of Disease Conditions 143 7.2.2.1 Service Settings 143 7.2.2.2 Product Settings 146 7.3 Inventory Allocation in Global Health Settings 147 7.3.1 Inventory Allocation for Disease Prevention 147 7.3.2 Inventory Allocation for Treatment of Disease Conditions 149 7.4 Capacity Allocation in Global Health Settings 153 7.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 155 References 156 8 Healthcare Supply Chain 159Soo-Haeng Cho and Hui Zhao 8.1 Introduction 159 8.2 Literature Review 162 8.3 Model and Analysis 164 8.3.1 Generic Injectable Drug Supply Chain 164 8.3.1.1 Model 166 8.3.1.2 Analysis 168 8.3.2 Influenza Vaccine Supply Chain 171 8.3.2.1 Model 172 8.3.2.2 Analysis 173 8.4 Discussion and Future Research 177 Appendix 180 Acknowledgment 182 References 182 9 Organ Transplantation 187Bar𝚤¸s Ata, John J. Friedewald and A. CemRanda 9.1 Introduction 187 9.2 The Deceased-Donor Organ Allocation system: Stakeholders and Their Objectives 189 9.3 Research Opportunities in the Area 199 9.3.1 Past Research on the Transplant Candidate’s Problem 199 9.3.2 Challenges in Modeling Patient Choice 201 9.3.3 Past Research on the Deceased-donor Organ Allocation Policy 202 9.3.4 Challenges in Modeling the Deceased-donor Organ Allocation Policy 206 9.3.5 Research Problems from the Perspective of Other Stakeholders 206 9.4 Concluding Remarks 208 References 209 Micro-level Thrusts (MiTs) 10 Ambulatory Care 217Nan Liu 10.1 Introduction 217 10.2 How Operations are Managed in Primary Care Practice 218 10.3 What Makes Operations Management Difficult in Ambulatory Care 220 10.3.1 Competing Objectives 220 10.3.2 Environmental Factors 221 10.4 Operations Management Models 222 10.4.1 System-Wide Planning 222 10.4.2 Appointment Template Design 226 10.4.3 Managing Patient Flow 231 10.5 New Trends in Ambulatory Care 234 10.5.1 Online Market 234 10.5.2 Telehealth 235 10.5.3 Retail Approach of Outpatient Care 236 10.6 Conclusion 237 References 237 11 Inpatient Care 243Van-Anh Truong 11.1 Modeling the Inpatient Ward 244 11.2 Inpatient Ward Policies 246 11.3 Interface with ED 247 11.4 Interface with Elective Surgeries 248 11.5 Discharge Planning 250 11.6 Incentive, Behavioral, and Organizational Issues 251 11.7 Future Directions 252 11.7.1 Essential Quantitative Tools 253 11.7.2 Resources for Learners 253 References 253 12 Residential Care 257Nadia Lahrichi, Louis-Martin Rousseau and Willem-Jan van Hoeve 12.1 Overview of Home Care Delivery 257 12.1.1 Home Care 258 12.1.2 Home Healthcare 258 12.1.2.1 Temporary Care 259 12.1.2.2 Specialized Programs 259 12.1.3 Operational Challenges 260 12.1.3.1 Discussion of the Planning Horizon 262 12.1.3.2 Home Care Planning Problem 263 12.2 An Overview of Optimization Technology 263 12.2.1 Linear Programming 263 12.2.2 Mixed Integer Programming 264 12.2.3 Constraint Programming 265 12.2.4 Heuristics and Dedicated Methods 265 12.2.5 Technology Comparison 266 12.2.5.1 Solution Expectations and Solver Capabilities 266 12.2.5.2 Development Time and Maintenance 267 12.3 Territory Districting 267 12.4 Provider-to-Patient Assignment 270 12.4.1 Workload Measures 270 12.4.2 Workload Balance 271 12.4.3 Assignment Models 272 12.4.4 Assignment of New Patients 273 12.5 Task Scheduling and Routing 273 12.6 Perspectives 276 12.6.1 Integrated Decision-Making Under a New Business Model 277 12.6.2 Home Telemetering Forecasting Adverse Events 277 12.6.3 Forecasting the Wound Healing Process 278 12.6.4 Adjustment of Capacity and Demand 279 References 280 13 ConciergeMedicine 287Srinagesh Gavirneni and Vidyadhar G. Kulkarni 13.1 Introduction 287 13.2 Model Setup 291 13.3 Concierge Option—No Abandonment 293 13.3.1 A Given Participation Level 𝛼 294 13.3.2 How to choose d? 295 13.3.2.1 All Customers Are Better Off 295 13.3.2.2 Customers Are Better Off on Average 297 13.3.3 Optimal Participation Level 299 13.4 Concierge Option—Abandonment 301 13.4.1 Choosing the Optimal 𝛼 and 𝛽 303 13.5 Correlated Service Times and Waiting Costs 304 13.6 MDVIP Adoption 306 13.6.1 The Data 307 13.6.2 AbandonmentModel Applied to MDVIP Data 308 13.6.2.1 Modeling Heterogeneous Waiting Costs 309 13.6.2.2 Participation in Concierge Medicine 310 13.6.2.3 Impact of Concierge Medicine 310 13.6.2.4 Choosing the Concierge Participation Level 312 13.7 Research Opportunities 313 References 316 Part II Tools 14 Markov Decision Processes 319Alan Scheller-Wolf 14.1 Introduction 319 14.2 Modeling 321 14.3 Types of Results 325 14.3.1 Numerical Results 325 14.3.2 Analytical Results 327 14.3.3 Insights 328 14.4 Modifications and Extensions of MDPs 328 14.4.1 Imperfect State Information 328 14.4.2 Extremely Large or Continuous State Spaces 329 14.4.3 Uncertainty about Transition Probabilities 330 14.4.4 Constrained Optimization 331 14.5 Future Applications 332 14.6 Recommendations for Additional Reading 333 References 334 15 Game Theory and Information Economics 337Tinglong Dai 15.1 Introduction 337 15.2 Key Concepts 339 15.2.1 GameTheory: Key Concepts 339 15.2.2 Information Economics: Key Concepts 340 15.2.2.1 Nonobservability of Information 341 15.2.2.2 Asymmetric Information 341 15.3 Summary of Healthcare Applications 343 15.3.1 Incentive Design for Healthcare Providers 344 15.3.2 Quality-Speed Tradeoff 345 15.3.3 Gatekeepers 346 15.3.4 Healthcare Supply Chain 346 15.3.5 Vaccination 346 15.3.6 Organ Transplantation 347 15.3.7 Healthcare Network 347 15.3.8 Mixed Motives of Healthcare Providers 347 15.4 Potential Applications 348 15.4.1 Micro-Level applications 348 15.4.2 Macro-Level Applications 349 15.4.3 Meso-Level Applications 349 15.5 Resources for Learners 351 References 351 16 Queueing Games 355Mustafa Akan 16.1 Introduction 355 16.1.1 Scope of the Review 356 16.2 Basic QueueingModels 356 16.2.1 Components of a Queueing System 356 16.2.2 Performance Measures 357 16.2.3 M/M/1 358 16.2.4 M/G/1 359 16.2.5 M/M/c 360 16.2.6 Priorities 361 16.2.6.1 Achievable Region Approach 363 16.2.7 Networks of Queues 364 16.2.8 Approximations 364 16.3 Strategic Queueing 365 16.3.1 Waiting as an Equilibrium Device 366 16.3.2 Demand Dependent on Service Time 367 16.3.3 Physician-Induced Demand 369 16.3.4 Joining the Queue 370 16.3.4.1 Observable Queue 370 16.3.4.2 Unobservable Queue 371 16.3.5 Waiting for a Better Match 373 16.4 Discussion and Future Research Directions 376 References 376 17 EconometricMethods 381Diwas KC 17.1 Introduction 381 17.2 Statistical Modeling 382 17.2.1 Statistical Inference 383 17.2.2 Biased Estimates 384 17.3 The Experimental Ideal and the Search for Exogenous Variation 386 17.3.1 Instrumental Variables 386 17.3.1.1 Example 1 (IV): Patient Flow through an Intensive Care Unit 388 17.3.1.2 Example 2 (IV): Focused Factories 391 17.3.2 Difference Estimators 392 17.3.3 Fixed Effects Estimators 394 17.3.3.1 Examples 3-4 (D-in-D): Process Compliance and Peer Effects of Productivity 395 17.4 Structural Estimation 395 17.4.1 Example 5: Managing Operating Room Capacity 396 17.4.2 Example 6: Patient Choice Modeling 397 17.5 Conclusion 399 References 400 18 Data Science 403Rema Padman 18.1 Introduction 403 18.1.1 Background 404 18.1.2 Methods 407 18.1.3 Attribute Selection and Ranking 408 18.1.4 Information Gain (IG) Attribute Ranking 408 18.1.5 Relief-F Attribute Ranking 408 18.1.6 Markov Blanket Feature Selection 408 18.1.7 Correlation-Based Feature Selection 409 18.1.8 Classification 409 18.2 Three Illustrative Examples of Data Science in Healthcare 410 18.2.1 Medication Reconciliation 410 18.2.2 Dynamic Prediction of Medical Risks 413 18.2.3 Practice-Based Clinical Pathway Learning 416 18.3 Discussion 419 18.3.1 Challenges and Opportunities 419 18.3.2 Data Science in Action 420 18.3.3 Health Data ScienceWorldwide 421 18.4 Conclusions 421 References 422 Index 429

Read more less

Book SynopsisCost-effectiveness analysis is becoming an increasingly important tool for decision making in the health systems. Cost-Effectiveness of Medical Treatments formulates the cost-effectiveness analysis as a statistical decision problem, identifies the sources of uncertainty of the problem, and gives an overview of the frequentist and Bayesian statistical approaches for decision making. Basic notions on decision theory such as space of decisions, space of nature, utility function of a decision and optimal decisions, are explained in detail using easy to read mathematics.Features Focuses on cost-effectiveness analysis as a statistical decision problem and applies the well-established optimal statistical decision methodology. Discusses utility functions for cost-effectiveness analysis. Enlarges the class of models typically used in cost-effectiveness analysis with the incorporation of linear models to account for covariTrade ReviewI can guarantee the reader will receive what has promised in the preface from the book and greatly benefit from the easy read, well written and clearly explain contents. [...] This book would be a great place for readers to start learning or expanding what they have known about the topic of economic evaluation for medical treatments. - Min-Hua Jen, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, https://doi.org/10.1111/rssa.12724 "I strongly recommended this book for readers who are interested in the topic of cost-effectiveness analysis of medical treatments through the advantages of Bayesian framework over frequentist approaches... This book would be a great place for readers to start learning or expanding what they have known about the topic of economic evaluation for medical treatments." Min-Hua Jen, Eli Lilli USA, Royal Statistical Society, Series A Statistics in Society, July 2021 Table of ContentsIntroduction. Economic evaluation in health economics and cost-effectiveness. The cost-effectiveness analysis as a decision problem. Frequentist and Bayesian cost-effectiveness analysis. Subgroups analysis. Cost-effectiveness analysis for heterogeneous data. Codes. References.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisIf we are becoming increasingly disconnected from our local communities, are there implications for health, well being and happiness, particularly for people on low incomes? This book looks at the interplay between poor people, poor communities and poor health, with a particular focus on social networks as key linkages.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction: Social Murder Utopian Dreams? Researching Poverty, Community and Health Community Resilience Community Demoralisation and Resistance Social Capital in Urban Neighbourhoods: the Potential for Unity and Division Well-being and Happiness: Balancing Community with Independence Social Network Characteristics and Health and Well-Being Conclusions: Poverty, Community and Health in the 'Good Society' Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAbout the Author xi Foreword xiii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxiii Part I Roadmap of AI in Healthcare 1 1 History of AI and Its Promise in Healthcare 3 1.1 What is AI? 5 1.2 A Classification System for Underlying AI/ML Algorithms 14 1.3 AI and Deep Learning in Medicine 17 1.4 The Emergence of Multimodal and Multipurpose Models in Healthcare 20 References 23 2 Building Robust Medical Algorithms 27 2.1 Obtaining Datasets That are Big Enough and Detailed Enough for Training 30 2.2 Data Access Laws and Regulatory Issues 33 2.3 Data Standardization and Its Integration into Clinical Workflows 34 2.4 Federated AI as a Possible Solution 36 2.5 Synthetic Data 40 2.6 Data Labeling and Transparency 43 2.7 Model Explainability 45 2.8 Model Performance in the Real World 50 2.9 Training on Local Data 52 2.10 Bias in Algorithms 53 2.11 Responsible AI 60 References 62 3 Barriers to AI Adoption in Healthcare 67 3.1 Evidence Generation 71 3.2 Regulatory Issues 74 3.3 Reimbursement 76 3.4 Workflow Issues with Providers and Payers 78 3.5 Medical- Legal Barriers 81 3.6 Governance 83 3.7 Cost and Scale of Implementation 85 3.8 Shortage of Talent 86 References 86 4 Drivers of AI Adoption in Healthcare 91 4.1 Availability of Data 92 4.2 Powerful Computers, Cloud Computing, and Open Source Infrastructure 93 4.3 Increase in Investments 94 4.4 Improvements in Methodology 95 4.5 Policy and Regulatory 95 4.5.1 Fda 95 4.5.2 Other Bodies 100 4.6 Reimbursement 102 4.7 Shortage of Healthcare Resources 105 4.8 Issues with Mistakes, Inefficient Care Pathways, and Non- personalized Care 106 References 110 Part II Applications of AI in Healthcare 113 5 Diagnostics 115 5.1 Radiology 115 5.2 Pathology 122 5.3 Dermatology 124 5.4 Ophthalmology 125 5.5 Cardiology 127 5.6 Neurology 132 5.7 Musculoskeletal 133 5.8 Oncology 134 5.8.1 Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer 136 5.8.2 Histopathological Cancer Diagnosis 136 5.8.3 Tracking Tumor Development 136 5.8.4 Prognosis Detection 137 5.9 Gi 139 5.10 Covid- 19 139 5.11 Genomics 140 5.12 Mental Health 141 5.13 Diagnostic Bots 142 5.14 At Home Diagnostics/Remote Monitoring 144 5.15 Sound AI 148 5.16 AI in Democratizing Care 149 References 150 6 Therapeutics 157 6.1 Robotics 158 6.2 Mental Health 159 6.3 Precision Medicine 161 6.4 Chronic Disease Management 164 6.5 Medication Supply and Adherence 167 6.6 Vr 168 References 169 7 Clinical Decision Support 171 7.1 AI in Decision Support 176 7.2 Initial Use Cases 180 7.3 Primary Care 182 7.4 Specialty Care 185 7.4.1 Cancer Care 185 7.4.2 Neurology 185 7.4.3 Cardiology 186 7.4.4 Infectious Diseases 187 7.4.5 Covid- 19 187 7.5 Devices 188 7.6 End- of- Life AI 189 7.7 Patient Decision Support 190 References 191 8 Population Health and Wellness 195 8.1 Nutrition 196 8.2 Fitness 200 8.3 Stress and Sleep 201 8.4 Population Health and Management 204 8.5 Risk Assessment 206 8.6 Use of Real World Data 208 8.7 Medication Adherence 208 8.8 Remote Engagement and Automation 209 8.9 Sdoh 211 8.10 Aging in Place 212 References 214 9 Clinical Workflows 217 9.1 Documentation Assistants 218 9.2 Quality Measurement 225 9.3 Nursing and Clinical Assistants 225 9.4 Virtual Assistants 227 References 230 10 Administration and Operations 233 10.1 Providers 234 10.1.1 Documentation, Coding, and Billing 234 10.1.2 Practice Management and Operations 238 10.1.3 Hospital Operations 240 10.2 Payers 243 10.2.1 Payer Administrative Functions 244 10.2.2 Fraud 246 10.2.3 Personalized Communications 247 References 248 11 AI Applications in Life Sciences 251 11.1 Drug Discovery 252 11.2 Clinical Trials 261 11.2.1 Information Engines 264 11.2.2 Patient Stratification 267 11.2.3 Clinical Trial Operations 268 11.3 Medical Affairs and Commercial 271 References 272 Part III the Business Case for Ai in Healthcare 275 12 Which Health AI Applications Are Ready for Their Moment? 277 12.1 Methodology 278 12.2 Clinical Care 281 12.3 Administrative and Operations 289 12.4 Life Sciences 291 References 293 13 The Business Model for Buyers of Health AI Solutions 295 13.1 Clinical Care 298 13.2 Administrative and Operations 305 13.3 Life Sciences 309 13.4 Guide for Buyer Assessment of Health AI Solutions 312 References 313 14 How to Build and Invest in the Best Health AI Companies 315 14.1 Barriers to Entry and Intellectual Property (IP) 316 14.1.1 Creating Defensible Products 318 14.2 Startups Versus Large Companies 319 14.3 Sales and Marketing 321 14.4 Initial Customers 324 14.5 Direct- to- Consumer (D2C) 325 14.6 Planning Your Entrepreneurial Health AI Journey 327 14.7 Assessment of Companies by Investors 329 14.7.1 Key Areas to Explore for a Health AI Company for Investment 329 References 330 Index 333

Read more less

Book SynopsisA call for a radical re-examination of the way we think about health, ageing and the future.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow can countries chart their own course toward universal health coverage?Like many ambitious global goals, universal health coverage (UHC) remains an aspiration for many countries. The World Health Organization estimates that half the world's population lacks access to basic health services. Moreover, this already staggering number masks inequities that exist between and within countries: gaps between rich and poor, men and women, young and old, and among people of different ethnic backgrounds. UHC promises to give all people greater access to higher quality health services without the fear of financial hardship. But the task of turning this vision into reality poses a significant challenge for countries at all stages of economic development. In The Road to Universal Health Coverage, Jeffrey L. Sturchio, Ilona Kickbusch, Louis Galambos, and their contributors explore the ways in which the private sector is already helping countries achieve universal health coverage. Stressing the maTable of ContentsForeword by Tedros Adhanom GhebreyesusPrefaceIntroduction. The Road to Universal Health Coverage: Progress, Prospects, and the Private SectorChapter 1. Conceptualizing the Health EconomyChapter 2. The Relationship between Health Employment and Economic GrowthChapter 3. Engagement of the Private Sector in Advancing Universal Health Coverage: Understanding and Navigating Major Factors for SuccessChapter 4. Innovative Initiatives from the Private Sector: What Have the Experiences Been? What Opportunities Lie Ahead, and How Can They Be Chapter 5. Healthy Women, Healthy Economies: Essential Facets of Universal Health Coverage Chapter 6. Reframing the Pharmaceutical Sector Contribution to Access to Medicines and Universal Health Coverage: A Business Ethics PerspectiveChapter 7. Private Sector Joins the Trek on India's Meandering Path to Universal Health CoverageChapter 8. A Reality Check: Sierra Leone, the Private Sector, Sustainable Development Goal 3, and Universal Health CoverageChapter 9. How Can the Private Sector Help Countries to Achieve Quality, Sustainable Universal Health Coverage? Pfizer's Fight against Chronic DiseasesChapter 10. Novartis Social Business: A Novel Approach to Expanding Health Care in Developing CountriesConclusion. The Outlook for Universal Health Coverage and the New Health Economy List of ContributorsIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis second edition of this best-selling book offers a fresh look at how the British NHS is coping under increased pressures. It offers a critical perspective on concerns and a critique of the market-style changes introduced by the Coalition government between 2010 and 2015.Trade Review"This book is ideal for anyone with an interest in health policy, health systems development and the wider health agenda.... a useful resource for all students of health, health professionals, policy makers and strategy developers." Health Service Journal"Read this excellent book to find out where things have gone wrong in the NHS and why." 5 star review by a reader on Amazon.co.uk"A thoughtful assessment of recent NHS reforms that is more balanced and insightful than many of those produced by New Labour's critics. " Critical Social PolicyThis book's strength lies in the clarity of the argument and the presentation of evidence within a clear analytic framework." Sociology of Health & IllnessTable of ContentsSeries Editor’s preface; The Key Challenges Facing Health Systems; Meeting the Challenges; Moving Upstream: the dilemma of securing health in health policy; Models of Health Care Reform; Health Care Priorities; Choice and Health Care; Future Developments in the Evolution of Health Systems.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis ethnographic study of a low-income neighborhood in the northeastern state of Ceará analyzes the complicated and compromised realities of Brazil's universal health care system, pointing the way toward more successful planning of future reforms.Trade ReviewThis excellent ethnography . . . will appeal to many audiences and lends itself well to undergraduate teaching. What is particularly attractive about the book is its deft handling of ethnographic evidence: it shows rather than tells. This approach is gratifying because it trusts the scholarly reader to draw suggestive connections to multiple bodies of contemporary theory rather than hammering together an ambitious theoretical armature with a few slender tacks of ethnographic detail. It is inviting to the student reader because it is a lively, funny, touching read – full of memorable, evocative description and incident – that students will readily be able to mine for social theoretical points. . . . Jerome’s analysis offers keen insight into the current political situation in Brazil. * Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies *[A] compelling and timely ethnography…A Right to Health combines a detailed history of Brazilian health care with compelling illness narratives. * Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology *[Jerome's] goal is to explore the relationship between a formal right to health care and the way in which people experience that right...Jerome shows that patronage and dependency have continued to dominate favela life, as reciprocity among family members, friends, and neighbors, and the presence of good or bad bosses dominate the life of its inhabitants...Excellent. * Latin American Research Review *Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. Pirambu: Historical and Contemporary Accounts of Citizenship in a Favela Chapter 2. A History of Welfare and the Poor in Ceará Chapter 3. Democratizing Health Care: Health Councils in Pirambu Chapter 4. Prescribing Knowledge: Farmácia Viva and the Rationalization of Traditional Medicine Chapter 5. Favors, Rights, and the Management of Illness Chapter 6. Public and Private Medical Care for a New Generation in Pirambu Conclusion: A Politics of Health Notes References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisProviding an in-depth review of Russia's key economic policies, this book is the first systematic study of the political economy of oil windfalls in Putin's Russia.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. Understanding Policy-Making in Resource-Rich Countries 2. The Upsurge in Executive Power under President Putin 3. Russia’s Historic Oil Windfalls and the Contest over Who Will Generate the Rents 4. Collecting the Rents: The Contest between the State and the Oil Industry on Dividing the Windfalls 5. The State as a Redistributor of Oil Rents: The Contest over Russia’s Budget and Economic Priorities 6. The State as a Redistributor of Oil Rents: The Battle to Save the Windfalls 7. The Oil Sector as a Redistributor of Rents Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis edited collection explores how the value of training and skills invested in internationally educated health professionals is transferred, and transformed, and in some cases tarnished, at all stages of the international migration process.Table of ContentsIntroduction Global Migration, Gender and Health Professional Credentials: Transnational Value Transfers and Losses Margaret Walton-Roberts Section 1: Health Worker Migration and Global Value Transfer: New Approaches and Challenges 1. The Study of Global Value Chains: Bringing Services and People In John Ravenhill 2. Circulation of Love: Care Transactions in the Global Healthcare Market of Transnational Medical Travel Heidi Kaspar Section 2: Conceptualizing Workplace Integration and Stratification: Immigration Policy, International Credentials, and Intersectional Disadvantage 3. The Migration of Health Professionals to Canada: Reducing Brain Waste and Improving Labour Market Integration Arthur Sweetman 4. Global Migration and Key Issues in Workforce Integration of Skilled Health Workers Andrea Baumann, Mary Crea-Arsenio and V. Antonipillai 5. Gendering Integration Pathways: Migrating Health Professionals to Canada Ivy Bourgeault, Jelena Atanackovic and Elena Neiterman 6. The Global Intimate Workforce Caitlin Henry Section 3: Transnational Health Mobilities: Networks, Regulation and Intermediaries 7. Networking Through Kafala: Understanding Transnational Networks in the Governance of Skilled Migration in the Gulf Crystal Ennis 8. Migration Intermediaries and the Migration of Health Professionals from the Global South Abel Chikanda 9. Transnational Influence in the Philippines Nursing sector: Producing Hardworking, Subservient Nurses for the World Maddy Thompson Section 4: Domestic Policies in Receiving Countries: Value Transfer, Integration and Regulation 10. Transfer of Professional Qualifications of Foreign-Born Nurses: Gender, Migration, and Geographic Valuations of Skill Micheline Van Riemsdijk 11. Ten Years of Ontario’s Fair Access Law: Has Access to Regulated Professions Improved for Internationally Educated Individuals? Nuzhat Jafri 12. Migrant Care Workers in Australia – A Gathering Crisis? John Connell and Joel Negin 13. Care Worker Migration and Robotics in Japan's Aged Care Sector Hector Goldar Perrote and Margaret Walton-Roberts Section 5: Recasting Brain Drain and Global Circulation 14. Nursing the Nation: The intellectual Labor of Early Migrant Nurses in the U.S. and the Development of University Level Nursing Programs in the Philippines (1935-1965) Christine Peralta 15. From Brain Drain to Brain Retrain – A Case of Nigerian Nurses in Canada Sheri Adekola 16. Peripatetic Physicians: Rewriting the South African Brain Drain Narrative Jonathan Crush 17. Recasting the ‘Brain’ in ‘Brain Drain’: A Case Study From Medical Migration Parvati Raghuram, Joanna Bornat and Leroi Henry

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe new edition of this influential text addresses key issues about the past, present, and future of workers and unions in Canada.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Fourth Edition Foreword: Beyond Fatalism – Renewing Working-Class Politics by Sam Gindin Acronyms and Initialisms 1 From the Era of Consent to the Era of Coercion 2 The Postwar Era of Free Collective Bargaining 3 Permanent Exceptionalism: The Turn to Coercion 4 Freeing Trade, Coercing Labour 5 Consolidating Neoliberalism 6 Austerity and Authoritarianism 7 From Great Recession to COVID-19 Crisis 8 The Right to Strike: Freedom of Association and the Charter 9 Labour’s Last Gasp or Revival? Rebuilding Working-Class Resistance Notes Glossary Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Multilevel Politics of Trade presents a timely comparative analysis of eight federations (plus the European Union) to explore why some sub-federal actors have become more active in trade politics in recent years. As the contributing authors find, there is considerable variation in the intensity and modes of sub-federal participation. This they attribute to three key factors: the distinctive institutional features of federal systems; the nature and scope of trade policy and trade agreements; and the extent of social mobilization that accompanies a particular trade policy conversation. As a whole, The Multilevel Politics of Trade argues that sub-federal actors’ interests (jurisdictional, political, and economic) are what motivate them to participate in trade debates. However, institutional configurations, coupled with the influence of civil society actors, political parties, and others determine the nature and scope of that participation. Informed by Table of Contents1. Introduction: The Evolution of Multilevel Trade Politics Jörg Broschek and Patricia Goff Section I. Canada in North America 2. Federalism and Trade Negotiations in Canada: CUSFTA, CETA, and TPP Compared Stéphane Paquin 3. Implementation of Twenty-First-Century Trade Agreements in Canada: CETA and Intergovernmental Cooperation Christian Hederer and Patrick Leblond 4. Reconceptualising Provincial Development: Evolving Public Procurement Practices in Quebec Sophie Schram 5. Multilevel Trade in the United States: Federalism, Internal Markets, and Intergovernmental Relations Michelle Egan 6. Mexican Sub-Federal Governments and the Negotiation and Implementation of Free-Trade Agreements Jorge A. Schiavon and Marcela López-Vallejo 7. Civil Society, Multilevel Governance, and International Trade in North America Christopher Kukucha Section II. Europe and Australia: Multilevel Trade Politics in Comparative Perspective 8. Federalism in Times of Increased Integration: The Participation of Cantons in Swiss Trade Policy Andreas R. Ziegler 9. Parallel Pathways? The Emergence of Multilevel Trade Politics in Austria and Germany Jörg Broschek, Peter Bußjäger, and Christoph Schramek 10. Trade Politics and the Australian States and Territories Annmarie Elijah 11. From Nada to Namur: National Parliaments’ Involvement in EU Trade Politics and the Case of Belgium Yelter Bollen, Ferdi De Ville, and Niels Gheyle Section III. The European Union: A Distinct Federation 12. Multilevel Politics of Trade in the European Union in the Aftermath of the Lisbon Treaty Maria Garcia 13. The Multilevel Politics of Trade: The Case of the Social Democrats in the European Parliament and the German SPD Myriam Gistelinck 14. Municipal Level Trade Contestation: Activists and Local Governments from the MAI to TTIP Gabriel Siles-Brügge and Michael Strange 15. Conclusion Jorg Broschek and Patricia Goff

Read more less

Book SynopsisNo sector has been as vital as oil to the Russian economy since Vladimir Putin came to power. The longest serving leader since Stalin, Putin has presided during a period of relative economic prosperity driven largely by booming oil windfalls. Oil in Putin’s Russia offers an in-depth examination of the contests over windfalls drawn from the oil sector. Examining how the Russian leadership has guided the process of distributing these windfalls, Adnan Vatansever explores the causes behind key policy continuities and policy reversals during Putin’s tenure. The product of over ten years of research, including interviews with decision-makers and oil industry officials, Oil in Putin’s Russia takes an innovative approach to understanding the contested nature of resource rents and the policy processes that determine how they are allocated. In so doing, it offers a comprehensive and timely account of politics and policy in contemporary Russia, and aTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. Understanding Policy-Making in Resource-Rich Countries 2. The Upsurge in Executive Power under President Putin 3. Russia’s Historic Oil Windfalls and the Contest over Who Will Generate the Rents 4. Collecting the Rents: The Contest between the State and the Oil Industry on Dividing the Windfalls 5. The State as a Redistributor of Oil Rents: The Contest over Russia’s Budget and Economic Priorities 6. The State as a Redistributor of Oil Rents: The Battle to Save the Windfalls 7. The Oil Sector as a Redistributor of Rents Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis edited collection explores how the value of training and skills invested in internationally educated health professionals is transferred, and transformed, and in some cases tarnished, at all stages of the international migration process.Table of ContentsIntroduction Global Migration, Gender and Health Professional Credentials: Transnational Value Transfers and Losses Margaret Walton-Roberts Section 1: Health Worker Migration and Global Value Transfer: New Approaches and Challenges 1. The Study of Global Value Chains: Bringing Services and People In John Ravenhill 2. Circulation of Love: Care Transactions in the Global Healthcare Market of Transnational Medical Travel Heidi Kaspar Section 2: Conceptualizing Workplace Integration and Stratification: Immigration Policy, International Credentials, and Intersectional Disadvantage 3. The Migration of Health Professionals to Canada: Reducing Brain Waste and Improving Labour Market Integration Arthur Sweetman 4. Global Migration and Key Issues in Workforce Integration of Skilled Health Workers Andrea Baumann, Mary Crea-Arsenio and V. Antonipillai 5. Gendering Integration Pathways: Migrating Health Professionals to Canada Ivy Bourgeault, Jelena Atanackovic and Elena Neiterman 6. The Global Intimate Workforce Caitlin Henry Section 3: Transnational Health Mobilities: Networks, Regulation and Intermediaries 7. Networking Through Kafala: Understanding Transnational Networks in the Governance of Skilled Migration in the Gulf Crystal Ennis 8. Migration Intermediaries and the Migration of Health Professionals from the Global South Abel Chikanda 9. Transnational Influence in the Philippines Nursing sector: Producing Hardworking, Subservient Nurses for the World Maddy Thompson Section 4: Domestic Policies in Receiving Countries: Value Transfer, Integration and Regulation 10. Transfer of Professional Qualifications of Foreign-Born Nurses: Gender, Migration, and Geographic Valuations of Skill Micheline Van Riemsdijk 11. Ten Years of Ontario’s Fair Access Law: Has Access to Regulated Professions Improved for Internationally Educated Individuals? Nuzhat Jafri 12. Migrant Care Workers in Australia – A Gathering Crisis? John Connell and Joel Negin 13. Care Worker Migration and Robotics in Japan's Aged Care Sector Hector Goldar Perrote and Margaret Walton-Roberts Section 5: Recasting Brain Drain and Global Circulation 14. Nursing the Nation: The intellectual Labor of Early Migrant Nurses in the U.S. and the Development of University Level Nursing Programs in the Philippines (1935-1965) Christine Peralta 15. From Brain Drain to Brain Retrain – A Case of Nigerian Nurses in Canada Sheri Adekola 16. Peripatetic Physicians: Rewriting the South African Brain Drain Narrative Jonathan Crush 17. Recasting the ‘Brain’ in ‘Brain Drain’: A Case Study From Medical Migration Parvati Raghuram, Joanna Bornat and Leroi Henry

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe new edition of this influential text addresses key issues about the past, present, and future of workers and unions in Canada.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Fourth Edition Foreword: Beyond Fatalism – Renewing Working-Class Politics by Sam Gindin Acronyms and Initialisms 1 From the Era of Consent to the Era of Coercion 2 The Postwar Era of Free Collective Bargaining 3 Permanent Exceptionalism: The Turn to Coercion 4 Freeing Trade, Coercing Labour 5 Consolidating Neoliberalism 6 Austerity and Authoritarianism 7 From Great Recession to COVID-19 Crisis 8 The Right to Strike: Freedom of Association and the Charter 9 Labour’s Last Gasp or Revival? Rebuilding Working-Class Resistance Notes Glossary Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Multilevel Politics of Trade presents a timely comparative analysis of eight federations (plus the European Union) to explore why some sub-federal actors have become more active in trade politics in recent years. As the contributing authors find, there is considerable variation in the intensity and modes of sub-federal participation. This they attribute to three key factors: the distinctive institutional features of federal systems; the nature and scope of trade policy and trade agreements; and the extent of social mobilization that accompanies a particular trade policy conversation. As a whole, The Multilevel Politics of Trade argues that sub-federal actors’ interests (jurisdictional, political, and economic) are what motivate them to participate in trade debates. However, institutional configurations, coupled with the influence of civil society actors, political parties, and others determine the nature and scope of that participation. Informed by Table of Contents1. Introduction: The Evolution of Multilevel Trade Politics Jörg Broschek and Patricia Goff Section I. Canada in North America 2. Federalism and Trade Negotiations in Canada: CUSFTA, CETA, and TPP Compared Stéphane Paquin 3. Implementation of Twenty-First-Century Trade Agreements in Canada: CETA and Intergovernmental Cooperation Christian Hederer and Patrick Leblond 4. Reconceptualising Provincial Development: Evolving Public Procurement Practices in Quebec Sophie Schram 5. Multilevel Trade in the United States: Federalism, Internal Markets, and Intergovernmental Relations Michelle Egan 6. Mexican Sub-Federal Governments and the Negotiation and Implementation of Free-Trade Agreements Jorge A. Schiavon and Marcela López-Vallejo 7. Civil Society, Multilevel Governance, and International Trade in North America Christopher Kukucha Section II. Europe and Australia: Multilevel Trade Politics in Comparative Perspective 8. Federalism in Times of Increased Integration: The Participation of Cantons in Swiss Trade Policy Andreas R. Ziegler 9. Parallel Pathways? The Emergence of Multilevel Trade Politics in Austria and Germany Jörg Broschek, Peter Bußjäger, and Christoph Schramek 10. Trade Politics and the Australian States and Territories Annmarie Elijah 11. From Nada to Namur: National Parliaments’ Involvement in EU Trade Politics and the Case of Belgium Yelter Bollen, Ferdi De Ville, and Niels Gheyle Section III. The European Union: A Distinct Federation 12. Multilevel Politics of Trade in the European Union in the Aftermath of the Lisbon Treaty Maria Garcia 13. The Multilevel Politics of Trade: The Case of the Social Democrats in the European Parliament and the German SPD Myriam Gistelinck 14. Municipal Level Trade Contestation: Activists and Local Governments from the MAI to TTIP Gabriel Siles-Brügge and Michael Strange 15. Conclusion Jorg Broschek and Patricia Goff

Read more less

Book SynopsisTransparency, Power, and Influence in the Pharmaceutical Industry evaluates the progress made in holding the pharmaceutical industry to account through greater transparency.Table of Contents1. Introduction Katherine Fierlbeck, Janice Graham, and Matthew Herder 2. Transparency, Pharmaceuticals, and the Problem of Policy Change Katherine Fierlbeck 3. Data Transparency and Pharmaceutical Regulation in Europe: Road to Damascus, or Room without a View? Courtney Davis, Shai Mulinari, and Tom Jefferson 4. FDA and Health Canada: Similar Origins, yet Divergent Paths and Approaches to Transparency Margaret McCarthy and Joe Ross 5. Clinical Trial Data Transparency in Canada: Mapping the Progress from Laggard to Leader Marc-André Gagnon, Matthew Herder, Janice Graham, Katherine Fierlbeck, and Anna Danyliuk 6. How Clinical Study Information Transparency Can Fail to Serve Its Purpose, and How the Essential Medicines Concept Can Help Nav Persaud 7. Speak No Secrets: (Non)transparency in Health Canada’s Communications about Pharmaceutical Regulation Joel Lexchin 8. Economic Ghost-Management in the Pharmaceutical Sector Marc-Andre Gagnon 9. Balancing the Privacy Rights of Research Participants with the Public Interest in Clinical Drug Trials Data in the Context of Rare Diseases Kanksha Mahadevia Ghimire and Trudo Lemmens 10. The European Registration of the Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Pandemrix: A Case Study of the Consequences of Poor Clinical Data Transparency Tom Jefferson 11. Sharing Data and Ideas for Good Health: How Researchers Can Sustain an Ethical and Transparent Health System Rita Banzi 12. Conclusion Katherine Fierlbeck, Janice Graham, and Matthew Herder

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisHealth Econometrics Using Stata by Partha Deb, Edward C. Norton, and Willard G. Manning provides an excellent overview of the methods used to analyze data on healthcare expenditure and use. Aimed at researchers, graduate students, and practitioners, this book introduces readers to widely used methods, shows them how to perform these methods in Stata, and illustrates how to interpret the results. Each method is discussed in the context of an example using an extract from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.After the overview chapters, the book provides excellent introductions to a series of topics aimed specifically at those analyzing healthcare expenditure and use data. The basic topics of linear regression, the generalized linear model, and log and Box-Cox models are covered with a tight focus on the problems presented by these data. Using this foundation, the authors cover the more advanced topics of models for continuous outcome with mass points, count models, and models for heterogeneous effects. Finally, they discuss endogeneity and how to address inference questions using data from complex surveys.The authors use their formidable experience to guide readers toward useful methods and away from less recommended ones. Their discussion of "health econometric myths" and the chapter presenting a framework for approaching health econometric estimation problems are especially useful for this aspect.Table of ContentsIntroduction Framework MEPS data The linear regression model: Specification and checks Generalized linear models Log and Box–Cox models Models for continuous outcomes with mass at zero Count models Models for heterogeneous effects Endogeneity Design effects

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn his academic work, Robert Higgs has dissected the government's shrewd secret excesses that lead to the Welfare State, the Warfare State, and the Administrative State. For several decades he has unstintingly chronicled the federal, state, and local governments' malfeasance in these many areas of life that all levels of government have intruded upon without Constitutional mandate. In this book, however, are essays that show a whimsical, introspective, and personal side of this world renowned scholar. From the myth that the government has derived its powers from the consent of the governed to the role of independent experts in formulating monetary and fiscal policy; from the government's duplicity in announcing the unemployment rate in a given month to how the state entraps us, if you want to see a true polymath at work, these lofty, serious, sad, and illuminating essays will educate you beyond what you had thought possible about life, liberty, and the economy.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn his academic work, Robert Higgs has dissected the government's shrewd secret excesses that lead to the Welfare State, the Warfare State, and the Administrative State. For several decades he has unstintingly chronicled the federal, state, and local governments' malfeasance in these many areas of life that all levels of government have intruded upon without Constitutional mandate. In this book, however, are essays that show a whimsical, introspective, and personal side of this world renowned scholar. From the myth that the government has derived its powers from the consent of the governed to the role of independent experts in formulating monetary and fiscal policy; from the government's duplicity in announcing the unemployment rate in a given month to how the state entraps us, if you want to see a true polymath at work, these lofty, serious, sad, and illuminating essays will educate you beyond what you had thought possible about life, liberty, and the economy.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSmart metrics, slow thinking, off-label drugs, and a “Moneyball” prescription for fixing modern medicine--by the author of Tripping Over the Truth The United States is fast becoming the sickest nation in the Western world. Cancer rates continue to rise. There is an epidemic of chronic disease in children. Even with all the money and modern innovations in science, the country’s health care system is beyond broken. Clearly there is a glitch in the system. But what if the solution has been here all along, and we’ve just been too blind to see it? In Curable journalist and health care advocate Travis Christofferson looks at medicine through a magnifying glass and asks an important question: What if the roots of the current US health care crisis are psychological and systemic, perpetuated not just by corporate influence and the powers that be, but by you and me? It is now known that human perception is based on deeply entrenched patterns of irrational thought, which we attach ourselves to religiously. So how does this implicate the very scientific research and data that doctors rely on to successfully treat their patients? A page-turning inquiry into a “moneyball approach to medicine,” Curable explores the links between revolutionary baseball analytics; Nobel Prize–winning psychological research on confirmation bias; wildly successful maverick economic philosophy; the history of the radical mastectomy and the rise of the clinical trial; cutting edge treatments routinely overlooked by regulatory bodies; and outdated medical models that prioritize profit over prevention. As stark as things are, Christofferson asks us to see health care not as a toppling house of cards, but as a badly organized system that is inherently fixable. How do we fix it? First we must reframe the conflict between doctors’ intuition and statistical data. Then we must design better systems that can support doctors who are increasingly overwhelmed with the complexity of modern medicine. Curable outlines the future of medicine, detailing brilliant examples of new health care systems that prove we can do better. It turns out we have more control over our health (and happiness) than we think.Trade Review“Travis Christofferson seamlessly weaves together psychology, medicine, history, and insight in this page-turning book, providing a compelling case for improving the quality of life of patients in efficient and effective ways. Christofferson has an exceptional ability to synthesize the work of others, and in Curable he brings it all together in a gripping narrative that’s both informative and entertaining.”—Bob Kaplan, MS, MBA, medical research analyst “Travis Christofferson elegantly details why and how Western medicine is failing us and, more importantly, gives us a road map for recovery. We already have the tools of the trade to change direction, we simply need a new driver to effect those changes. Curable helps to properly inform those that wish to take control of their health to identify interventions that are biologically plausible and which have a proper scientific basis. These are time-tested therapies with minimal side effects and maximal outcomes that can give us all the power to change direction. As Lao Tzu said, ‘If you do not change direction, you may end up where you are heading.’ Read this book and steer yourself back to good health.”—Dr. Sarah Myhill, author of Sustainable Medicine and Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalitis“Curable is exceptionally well written, captivating, and convincing. It’s true that the existing problem with health care is psychological and systemic, and there are numerous examples and stories to support this. Travis Christofferson advances the idea of repurposing drugs in innovative ways, which has the potential to revolutionize a profit-driven and incompetent health care system. The off-label use of generic drugs can be highly efficacious and an adjuvant to augment existing therapies. For examples, see the recent studies on the use of metformin for cancer or the use of ketamine for drug-resistant depression. There are many ideas presented in this book that are incredibly important for researchers, health care professionals, and educators to understand and disseminate. Curable is incredibly informative, and I will be sure to recommend it to all my colleagues and students.”—Dominic D’Agostino, PhD, associate professor, USF Morsani College of Medicine“Travis Christofferson’s highly anticipated new book does not disappoint. Our current medical system (I find it difficult to call it ‘health’ care) is defective, and Curable goes into great detail as to why and offers an intelligent approach to the future of medicine. A growing number of doctors are finding ways to support their patient outcomes by repurposing drugs as well as changing their thinking in order to approach the challenge of chronic illness with entirely new methods. However, with the average clinical study costing millions of dollars and taking 17 years to go from bench to bedside, patients often don’t have the luxury of time nor the financial resources to utilize these expensive treatments. Christofferson encourages us to look beyond the dogma and leads us down an entirely new path. I anticipate this book will be an important wake up call for physicians, patients, and biotechnicians to come together and return ‘health’ to health care.”—Dr. Nasha Winters, coauthor of The Metabolic Approach to Cancer“We cannot expect the health care industry to change on its own. We have to take ownership of our own choices, look at the research with a critical eye, and compel the change that we so desperately need. Nobody provides the evidence-based rallying cry like Travis Christofferson, and Curable is a perfect blueprint for some of the ways we can start to make real improvements to the health of our nation, now.”—Aubrey Marcus, CEO, Onnit; New York Times best-selling author of Own the Day, Own Your Life“Travis Christofferson provides a compelling strategy for curing our broken health care system based on ‘moneyball’ logic, common sense, and validated science. Why is the logic and science supporting this strategy ignored? Every member of our society should address the questions posed in Curable, especially those in the health care industry and in the US congress.”—Thomas N. Seyfried, PhD, author of Cancer as a Metabolic Disease

Read more less

Book SynopsisConcerns about the number of people who lack health insurance and about the high and rising costs of health insurance and health care have led to proposals that would substantially modify the health insurance system in this country. Medicare already provides nearly universal coverage to the elderly, those proposals generally focus on options for providing coverage to and reducing costs for the non-elderly population. They could, for example, provide new federal subsidies to pay some portion of health insurance premiums; impose mandates for individuals to purchase coverage or for employers to offer it and others. This book describes some of the key assumptions that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) would use in estimating the effects of key elements of such proposals on federal costs, insurance coverage, and other outcomes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe total U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population in 2009 was estimated to be slightly more than 301 million, of whom 15.1% or 45.5 million, were estimated by the American Community Survey to be without health insurance or uninsured. The uninsured are far more likely than those with health insurance to report problems getting needed medical care, less likely to follow recommended treatments because of costs, have less access to care, receive less preventive care, and are more likely to be hospitalized for avoidable health problems. Moreover, it is widely believed that the uninsured, when they need care, are less able to pay for their care since they do not have health insurance. Therefore, it also can be further assumed that other payers take on the financial burden of their care through higher prices. This book examines the plight of the uninsured in the United States today, by State and Congressional District.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisRelations between Australia and New Zealand, also sometimes referred to as Trans-Tasman relations due to the countries being on opposite sides of the Tasman Sea, are extremely close with both sharing British colonial heritage and being part of the Anglosphere. In this book, the authors gather and present current research in the study of the economics, environmental, and health care issues in both New Zealand and Australia. Topics included in this compilation include pharmaceutical contaminants in the New Zealand environment; environmental sustainability in Australia; the electricity distribution industry in New Zealand; specialist medical care issues in New Zealand; fisheries management agencies in Australia; climate change and child health in Australia; and coal-bed natural gas development and environmental implications in both Australia and New Zealand.

Read more less

Book SynopsisComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a diverse group of health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered a part of conventional Western medicine (CWM). CAM mainly includes mind-body therapies (meditation, Yoga, Tai-chi, Qi-gong, and music therapy, etc) and manual therapies (chiropractic, massage, acupuncture, and touch therapy, etc.). The beneficial effects of CAM are mainly due to a reduction of stress responses and pain pathways. Mind-body therapies promote these effects by stimulating brain activity throughout its network (top-down pathway). Manual therapies promote these effects through the stimulation of peripheral sensory nerves (bottom-up pathway). Both pathways activate various neuropeptides in the brain, such as opioid and oxytocin, which mediate anti-stress and analgesic effects. Public interest in CAM has dramatically increased over the past decade, and a great deal of research is backing up that trend with evidence supporting the benefits of CAM therapies. A national health survey in 2007 revealed that more than $34 billion was spent on CAM annually in the US. As CAM therapies are proven to be safe and effective, CAM is destined to claim an important role in conventional health care.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisEconomics for Healthcare Managers provides the practical guide that healthcare managers need to simplify and strengthen the decision-making process for everyday issues. Written for those with little or no background in economics, the book is designed to engage readers in today’s policy and management challenges. The author references classic studies while also drawing on current research and emphasizing contemporary analyses. This extensively revised edition presents the latest information on topics such as: Overviews of the US healthcare system and healthcare financing systemRisk evaluation and managementCosts and PricingPopulation healthForecastingSupply and demand analysisEconomic analysis of clinical and managerial interventionsProfits, market structure, and market powerGovernment intervention in healthcare marketsBehavioral economics The book’s 37 case studies offer real-world examples of the concepts and strategies provided throughout the book.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book represents a valuable interdisciplinary contribution created to fill an existing gap in the field of health economics and healthcare systems. The book brings the latest insights from the growing field of health economics and healthcare systems. It deals with various economic, technological, sociological, ethical, legal and philosophical implications and questions arising from the development and implementation of personalised medicine. It is unprecedented in combining practical guidelines for the use of economic tools and techniques with an analysis of the current process of decision-making in the health service sector. The book also provides several insights into the factors that determine human health, the socioeconomic aspects of population aging and the social implications of the evolving burden of disease. Some contributions are highly innovative and cover extremely relevant branches of medicine such as oncology, neurology and endocrinology. In addition, in a brave, yet professional and sovereign manner, the book covers the issue of biological predictors of health outcomes; though they are currently mainly used as global analytical methods, they are yet to be applied or have only recently been applied in clinical medicine. Further, it provides an example from traditional Korean medicine, a proven and valuable tool for personalised medical healthcare. This edition is unique in the sense that 30 chapters were written by 41 authors, all of them experts in their respective fields of research. The authors hail from Croatia, Hungary, South Korea and the United States. The volume is intended to serve as valuable teaching material for university students, as well as a reference book for research scholars, policymakers, business executives, health managers, physicians and freelance readers.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn his Foreword Tony Culyer says, quoting the Fat Controller from Thomas the Tank Engine, that he wants his book to be 'a really useful engine'. Well, he's succeeded; it's really useful, and, for me at least, it'' a true engine of discovery.'- Julian Le Grand, Richard Titmuss Professor of Social Policy, London School of Economics, UK'For anyone who thinks health economics is just economic evaluation and in particular cost-effectiveness analysis, this Dictionary will open their eyes to the breadth of health economics. The Dictionary takes a laudably inclusive approach, covering not just core economics terms but also terms within medicine, epidemiology, and the health sector that economists working in health need to understand. It also includes terms, and useful references, for those working as health economists in low and middle income countries. Any student or teacher should have this at their elbow.'- Anne Mills, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UKThis third edition of Anthony Culyer's authoritative The Dictionary of Health Economics brings the material right up to date as well as adding plentiful amounts of new information, with a number of revised definitions. There are now nearly 3,000 entries in this comprehensive work. This third edition includes 250 new references as sources for definitions and examples of practice and the bibliography comprises roughly 1,400 items. Anthony Culyer has refined and made the system of cross-references and internet links even more comprehensive than in previous editions. This Dictionary is as complete a statement as exists anywhere of what it is that every health economist ought to know.Trade ReviewAcclaim for the second edition:In the second edition of this Dictionary, Culyer, a well-known and highly respected health economist, attempts to define many of the complex health care terms used not only in the field of medicine, but also in the fields of allied health sciences, nursing, public health, and economics. The Dictionary's main strength is its comprehensiveness. It features 2,310 terms used by various national health care systems including those of the US, Australia, Canada, and the UK. The Dictionary clearly identifies and concisely defines each term, and cites current literature that uses the term. . . this Dictionary is an extraordinary work, and Culyer should be commended for his effort. --- R.M. Mullner, ChoiceTable of ContentsContents: Preface to the third edition Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition Acknowledgements Conventions The Dictionary of Health Economics Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisRonen Avraham, David Hyman and Charles Silver, leading authorities in their fields, discuss the effects of economic and legal constraints and regulation on healthcare. They examine the impact of access to healthcare on mortality and clinical outcomes and investigate healthcare financing, including payment to providers, expanding costs, health insurance and the provision of long-term care. The distribution of spending and the expansion of provision are also investigated. The regulatory aspect includes discussions on the regulation of healthcare practice, medical malpractice and liability, and public health and ethical issues.Table of ContentsContents: Volume I Introduction Ronen Avraham, David A. Hyman and Charles M. Silver PART I ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE: HEALTHCARE, MORTALITY AND OTHER CLINICAL OUTCOMES 1. Andrew P. Wilper, Steffie Woolhandler, Karen E. Lasser, Danny McCormick, David H. Bor and David U. Himmelstein (2009), ‘Health Insurance and Mortality in US Adults’, American Journal of Public Health, 99 (12), December, 2289–95 2. Richard Kronick (2009), ‘Health Insurance Coverage and Mortality Revisited’, HSR: Health Services Research, 44 (4), August, 1211–31 3. Katherine Baicker, Sarah L. Taubman, Heidi L. Allen, Mira Bernstein, Jonathan H. Gruber, Joseph P. Newhouse, Eric C. Schneider, Bill J. Wright, Alan M. Zaslavsky and Amy N. Finkelstein (2013), ‘The Oregon Experiment – Effects of Medicaid on Clinical Outcomes’, New England Journal of Medicine, 368 (18), May 2, 1713–22 PART II FINANCING HEALTH CARE A Payment Structure and Incentives 4. Ching-to Albert Ma and Thomas G. McGuire (1997), ‘Optimal Health Insurance and Provider Payment’, American Economic Review, 87 (4), September, 685–704 5. Sherry Glied and Joshua Graff Zivin (2002), ‘How Do Doctors Behave When Some (But Not All) of Their Patients are in Managed Care?’, Journal of Health Economics, 21 (2), March, 337–53 6. Thomas L. Greaney (2009), ‘Economic Regulation of Physicians: A Behavioral Economics Perspective’, Saint Louis University Law Journal, 53, 1189–209 7. Austin B. Frakt (2011), ‘How Much Do Hospitals Cost Shift? A Review of the Evidence’, Milbank Quarterly, 89 (1), March, 90–130 B Cost Drivers 8. Joseph P. Newhouse (1992), ‘Medical Care Costs: How Much Welfare Loss?’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 6 (3), Summer, 3–21 9. Burton A. Weisbrod (1991), ‘The Health Care Quadrilemma: An Essay on Technological Change, Insurance, Quality of Care, and Cost Containment’, Journal of Economic Literature, XXIX (2), June, 523–52 10. Einer Elhauge (1997), ‘The Limited Regulatory Potential of Medical Technology Assessment’, Virginia Law Review, 82, 1525–617 C Health Insurance 11. Kenneth J. Arrow (1963), ‘Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care’, American Economic Review, LIII (5), December, 941–73 12. Mark V. Pauly (1968), ‘The Economics of Moral Hazard’, American Economic Review, 58 (3), Part I, June, 531–7 13. Kenneth J. Arrow (1968), ‘The Economics of Moral Hazard: Further Comment’, American Economic Review, 58 (3), Part 1, June, 537–9 14. Katherine Baicker and Amitabh Chandra (2008), ‘Myths and Misconceptions about U.S. Health Insurance’, Health Affairs, 27 (6), October, w533–w543, content.healthaffairs.org, accessed 13 August 2013 15. Sherry A. Glied (2005), ‘The Employer-Based Health Insurance System: Mistake or Cornerstone?’, in David Mechanic, Lynn B. Rogut, David C. Colby and James R. Knickman (eds), Policy Challenges in Modern Health Care, Chapter 3, Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 37–52 D Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection 16. John A. Nyman (2004), ‘Is “Moral Hazard” Inefficient? The Policy Implications of a New Theory’, Health Affairs, 23 (5), September–October, 194–9 17. David M. Cutler and Sarah J. Reber (1998), ‘Paying for Health Insurance: The Trade-off between Competition and Adverse Selection’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113 (2), May, 433–66 E Long-Term Care 18. Mark V. Pauly (1990), ‘The Rational Nonpurchase of Long-Term-Care Insurance’, Journal of Political Economy, 98 (1), February, 153–68 19. Jeffrey R. Brown and Amy Finkelstein (2011), ‘Insuring Long-Term Care in the United States’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25 (4), Fall, 119–41 and ‘Appendix: Calculating Loads and Comprehensiveness’, http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jep.25.4.119. Accessed 25.02.2014, 1-13 PART III DISTRIBTUTION OF SPENDING AND CROWD-OUT 20. Katherine Baicker, Amitabh Chandra and Jonathan S. Skinner (2005), ‘Geographic Variation in Health Care and the Problem of Measuring Racial Disparities’, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 48 (1), Supplement, Winter, S42–S53 21. Tomas J. Philipson, Seth A. Seabury, Lee M. Lockwood, Dana P. Goldman and Darius N. Lakdawalla (2010), ‘Geographic Variation in Health Care: The Role of Private Markets’ and ‘Comment and Discussion’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Spring, 325–55, 56–61 22. David M. Cutler and Jonathan Gruber (1996), ‘Does Public Insurance Crowd out Private Insurance?’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111 (2), May, 391–430 PART IV COMPETITION AND FRAGMENTATION IN THE HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY 23. David Hyman (2010), ‘Health Care Fragmentation: We Get What We Pay For’, in Einer Elhauge (ed.), Fragmentation of U.S. Health Care: Causes and Solutions, Chapter 2, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 23–36 24. Thomas (Tim) Greaney (2009), ‘Competition Policy and Organizational Fragmentation in Health Care’, University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 71 (2), 217–39 Index Volume II Contents: An introduction to both volumes by the editors appears in Volume I PART I REGULATION OF HEALTH CARE PRACTICE A Drugs and Devices 1. Anup Malani and Tomas Philipson (2012), ‘The Regulation of Medical Products’, in Patricia Danzon and Sean Nicholson (eds), Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry, Chapter 5, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 100–42 2. Michelle M. Mello, Sara Abiola and James Colgrove (2012), ‘Pharmaceutical Companies’ Role in State Vaccination Policymaking: The Case of Huyman Papillomavirus Vaccination’, American Journal of Public Health, 102 (5), May, 893–8 B Licensure and Guidelines 3. Ronen Avraham (2011), ‘Clinical Practice Guidelines – The Warped Incentives in the U.S. Healthcare System?’, American Journal of Law and Medicine, 37 (1), Spring, 7–40 4. Shirley Svorny (1993), ‘Advances in Economic Theories of Medical Licensure’, Federation Bulletin: The Journal of Medical Licensure and Discipline, 80 (1), Spring, 27–32 C Provider Rankings 5. Peter K. Lindenauer, Denise Remus, Sheila Roman, Michael B. Rothberg, Evan M. Benjamin, Allen Ma and Dale W. Bratzler (2007), ‘Public Reporting and Pay for Performance in Hospital Quality Improvement’, New England Journal of Medicine, 356 (5), February, 486–96 6. David Dranove, Daniel Kessler, Mark McClellan and Mark Satterthwaite (2003), ‘Is More Information Better? The Effects of “Report Cards” on Health Care Providers’, Journal of Political Economy, 111 (3), June, 555–88 PART II MEDICAL MALPRACTICE AND LIABILITY 7. Richard A. Epstein (1976), ‘Medical Malpractice: The Case for Contract’, American Bar Foundation Research Journal, 1 (1), 87–149 8. Jennifer Arlen (2013), ‘Economic Analysis of Medical Malpractice Liability and Its Reform’, in Jennifer Arlen (ed.), Research Handbook on the Economics of Tort, Chapter 2, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 33–69 9. Kenneth S. Abraham and Paul C. Weiler (1994), ‘Enterprise Medical Liability and the Evolution of the American Health Care System’, Harvard Law Review, 108 (2), December, 381–436 10. Kathryn Zeiler, Bernard S. Black, Charles Silver, David A. Hyman and William M. Sage (2008), ‘Physicians’ Insurance Limits and Malpractice Payments: Evidence from Texas Closed Claims, 1990-2003’, Journal of Legal Studies, 36 (S2), June, S9–S45 11. David M. Studdert, Michelle M. Mello, Atul A. Gawande, Tejal K. Gandhi, Allen Kachalia, Catherine Yoon, Ann Louise Puopolo and Trojen A. Brennan (2006), ‘Claims, Errors, and Compensation Payments in Medical Malpractice Litigation’, New England Journal of Medicine, 354 (19), May, 2024–33 12. Daniel Kessler and Mark McClellan (1996), ‘Do Doctors Practice Defensive Medicine?’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111 (2), May, 353–90 13. Daniel P. Kessler (2011), ‘Evaluating the Medical Malpractice System and Options for Reform’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25 (2), Spring, 93–110 14. Ronen Avraham, Leemore S. Dafny and Max M. Schanzenbach (2012), ‘The Impact of Tort Reform on Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Premiums’, Journal of Law Economics and Organization, 28 (4), October, 657–86 15. Janet Currie and W. Bentley MacLeod (2008), ‘First Do No Harm? Tort Reform and Birth Outcomes’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123 (2), May, 795–830 PART III PUBLIC HEALTH A Infections and Antibiotic Resistance 16. Ramanan Laxminarayan and Anup Malani (2011), ‘Economics of Infectious Diseases’, in Sherry Glied and Peter C. Smith (eds), Oxford Handbook of Health Economics, Chapter 9, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 189–205 17. William M. Sage and David A. Hyman (2010), ‘Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance: Regulatory Strategies and Institutional Capacity’, Tulane Law Review, 84 (4), March, 781–840 B Obesity 18. Ronen Avraham and K.A.D. Camara (2007), ‘The Tragedy of Human Commons’, Cardozo Law Review, 29 (2), November, 479–511 [33] 19. Tomas Philipson (2001), ‘The World-Wide Growth in Obesity: An Economic Research Agenda’, Health Economics, 10, 1–7 20. Tomas J. Philipson and Richard A. Posner (2008), 'Is the Obesity Epidemic a Public Health Problem? A Review of Zoltan J. Acs and Alan Lyles's Obesity, Business and Public Policy', Journal of Economic Literature, 46 (4), December, 974–82 PART IV ETHICAL ISSUES 21. Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Margaret P. Battin (1998), ‘What are the Potential Cost Savings from Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide?’, New England Journal of Medicine, 339 (3), July, 167–72 22. Judd B. Kessler and Alvin E. Roth (2012), ‘Organ Allocation Policy and the Decision to Donate’, American Economic Review, 102 (5), August, 2018–47 23. Jason Snyder (2010), ‘Gaming the Liver Transplant Market’, Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 26 (3), December, 546–68 Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe LSE Companion to Health Policy covers a wide range of conceptual and practical issues from a number of different perspectives introducing the reader to, and summarising, the vast literature that analyzes the complexities of health policy. The Companion also assesses the current state of the art. Health policy is a wide-ranging subject covering many academic disciplines, but what most studies in health policy have in common is an interest in applying theory to improve practice. This Companion brings academic rigor to bear evidence on a range of central areas within health policy. It covers key issues on the quality, access and inequalities in health and health care; supply and health markets; insurance and expenditures; pharmaceuticals and new technologies; ageing and long-term care; and behavior and health production. This unique Companion on health policy contains the most important features for health system reform at a time of funding constraints and will therefore hold great appeal for policy analysts and makers, students, academics and management professionals. Contributors: S. Allin, R.G. Bevan, R. Butterfield, C. Campbell, A. Comas-Herrera, Z. Cooper, J. Costa-Font, M. Di Cesare, H.A. Elgazzar, J.-L. Fernandez, A. Gibbs, C. Henderson, C. Hernandez-Quevedo, L. Kossarova, C. Masseria, A. McGuire, P. Mladovsky, A. Morton, M. Murphy, I. Papanicolas, M. Raikou, C. Rudisill, V. Serra-Sastre, C. Stavropoulou, N. Varol, J.M. Wiener, R. Wittenberg, V. ZiganteTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Alistair McGuire and Joan Costa-Font PART I: QUALITY, ACCESS AND INEQUALITIES 1. Inequalities in Health: Why Do We Care? How Do We Care? What Can We Do About Them? Cristina Hernández-Quevedo and Joan Costa-Font 2. Strengthening Community Participation in Primary Health Care: Experiences from South Africa Andrew Gibbs and Catherine Campbell 3. Socioeconomic Status and Access to Health Care: The Quandary of Transition Economies Heba A. Elgazzar 4. Quality of Ambulatory Care: Hospitalisations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Lucia Kossarova PART II: SUPPLY AND HEALTH CARE MARKETS 5. Choice in Health Care: Drivers and Consequences Valentina Zigante, Joan Costa-Font and Zack Cooper 6. A Million Years of Waiting: Competing Accounts and Comparative Experiences of Hospital Waiting-time Policy Alec Morton and R. Gwyn Bevan 7. Measuring Access to Health Care in Europe Sara Allin and Cristina Masseria PART III: INSURANCE AND EXPENDITURES 8. How are Rising Health Care Expenditures Explained? Alistair McGuire, Victoria Serra-Sastre and Maria Raikou 9. Providing Financial Incentives for Improved Quality and Efficiency: A Literature Review of the Effects of Payment for Performance (P4P) Policies Irene Papanicolas 10. Social Health Protection: Policy Options for Low- and Middle-income Countries Philipa Mladovsky PART IV: PHARMACEUTICALS AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES 11. Technology Diffusion in Health Care: Conceptual Aspects and Evidence Victoria Serra-Sastre and Alistair McGuire 12. Do International Launch Strategies of Pharmaceutical Corporations Respond to Changes in the Regulatory Environment? Nebibe Varol, Joan Costa-Font and Alistair McGuire PART V: AGEING AND LONG-TERM CARE 13. Proximity to Death and Health Care Costs Michael Murphy 14. The Health and Social Care Divide in the United Kingdom Catherine Henderson 15. Barriers to and Opportunities for Private Long-term Care Insurance in England: What Can We Learn from Other Countries? Adelina Comas-Herrera, Rebecca Butterfield, José-Luis Fernández, Raphael Wittenberg and Joshua M. Wiener PART VI: BEHAVIOUR AND HEALTH PRODUCTION 16. Historical Trends of Mortality and its Implications for Health Policies in England and Wales: The Cause-of-Death Approach Mariachiara Di Cesare and Michael Murphy 17. Risk Research and Health-related Behaviours Caroline Rudisill 18. The Doctor–Patient Relationship: A Review of the Theory and Policy Implications Charitini Stavropoulou Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisCost-benefit analysis is the only method of economic evaluation that can effectively indicate whether a health care treatment or intervention is worthwhile. In this thoroughly updated and revised second edition, Robert Brent expands the scope of the field by including the latest concepts and applications throughout all regions of the world. This book attempts to strengthen the link between cost-benefit analysis and the mainstream health care evaluation field, which is dominated by non-economists. The need to build a bridge between the two is more important than ever before, as the general understanding of cost-benefit analysis appears to have regressed.Case studies are used throughout to explain and illustrate the various methodologies being examined. In addition, the author now covers more of the statistical requirements that are necessary to understand and carry out health care evaluations, and follows an applied economics approach. Ultimately, he resolves a number of disputes and makes some new, but subtle, contributions by reinterpreting, correcting and extending existing work. The book covers the topic in an accessible manner, from the foundations to the frontiers of the field, and clearly explains all the necessary economic principles along the way.Cost-Benefit Analysis and Health Care Evaluations, Second Edition will be invaluable to students and researchers of health economics, public policy and health care policy, as well as policymakers and health care practitioners. It can also be used as a comprehensive introductory text by anyone with an interest in cost-benefit analysis. From this perspective, the new additional final chapter is particularly useful as it supplies a summary of CBA that highlights the main conclusions of the text in a single chapter.Contents: 1. Introduction to Health Care Evaluation 2. Cost Minimization and the Definition of 'Cost' 3. Types of Costs and their Measurement 4. External Costs 5. Social Cost of Taxation 6. Fundamentals of Cost-effectiveness Aanalysis 7. Further Issues of Cost-effectiveness Analysis 8. Fundamentals of Cost utility Analysis 9. Measuring Utilities in Cost utility Analysis 10. Cost-utility Analysis and Equity 11. Cost-benefit Analysis and the Human Capital Approach 12. Cost-benefit Analysis and Willingness to Pay 13. Cost-benefit Analysis and Equity 14. Methods for Measuring the Benefits of HIV/AIDS Interventions IndexTrade ReviewAcclaim for the first edition:‘Professor Brent’s book is a superb and much-needed text in the field of health care evaluation. The economic approaches for appraisal of health care programs are presented with greater clarity than any other available text. A comprehensive review of cost-minimization, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–utility analysis, and cost–benefit analysis is given in a simple and yet very insightful manner that pointedly demonstrates their fundamental principles, methodological requirements, and common linkages for evaluation research. The book skilfully merges theory and application of the economic analyses of health care, combining the latest literature with adroit illustrations of required methodologies and easily understandable examples that inform the reader of how empirical evaluation research should be conducted. Major evaluation concerns about the appropriateness of discounting health benefits, the appropriate discount (interest) rate, and intangible benefits and costs are critically appraised. Not only is the criterion of economic efficiency of health care programs explored directly and with lucidity, but the important social question of the equity of health interventions is also assessed straightforwardly. Students of health care as well as health policy analysts and administrators are provided with a considerable solid foundation for undertaking evaluation of complex health care issues. In short, Professor Brent has even made the economics of health care evaluation accessible to non-economists in the health care field.’ -- Paul L. Solano, University of Delaware, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction to Health Care Evaluation 2. Cost Minimization and the Definition of ‘Cost’ 3. Types of Costs and their Measurement 4. External Costs 5. Social Cost of Taxation 6. Fundamentals of Cost-effectiveness Aanalysis 7. Further Issues of Cost-effectiveness Analysis 8. Fundamentals of Cost–utility Analysis 9. Measuring Utilities in Cost–utility Analysis 10. Cost–utility Analysis and Equity 11. Cost–benefit Analysis and the Human Capital Approach 12. Cost–benefit Analysis and Willingness to Pay 13. Cost–benefit Analysis and Equity 14. Methods for Measuring the Benefits of HIV/AIDS Interventions Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe LSE Companion to Health Policy covers a wide range of conceptual and practical issues from a number of different perspectives introducing the reader to, and summarising, the vast literature that analyzes the complexities of health policy. The Companion also assesses the current state of the art. Health policy is a wide-ranging subject covering many academic disciplines, but what most studies in health policy have in common is an interest in applying theory to improve practice. This Companion brings academic rigor to bear evidence on a range of central areas within health policy. It covers key issues on the quality, access and inequalities in health and health care; supply and health markets; insurance and expenditures; pharmaceuticals and new technologies; ageing and long-term care; and behavior and health production. This unique Companion on health policy contains the most important features for health system reform at a time of funding constraints and will therefore hold great appeal for policy analysts and makers, students, academics and management professionals. Contributors: S. Allin, R.G. Bevan, R. Butterfield, C. Campbell, A. Comas-Herrera, Z. Cooper, J. Costa-Font, M. Di Cesare, H.A. Elgazzar, J.-L. Fernandez, A. Gibbs, C. Henderson, C. Hernandez-Quevedo, L. Kossarova, C. Masseria, A. McGuire, P. Mladovsky, A. Morton, M. Murphy, I. Papanicolas, M. Raikou, C. Rudisill, V. Serra-Sastre, C. Stavropoulou, N. Varol, J.M. Wiener, R. Wittenberg, V. ZiganteTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Alistair McGuire and Joan Costa-Font PART I: QUALITY, ACCESS AND INEQUALITIES 1. Inequalities in Health: Why Do We Care? How Do We Care? What Can We Do About Them? Cristina Hernández-Quevedo and Joan Costa-Font 2. Strengthening Community Participation in Primary Health Care: Experiences from South Africa Andrew Gibbs and Catherine Campbell 3. Socioeconomic Status and Access to Health Care: The Quandary of Transition Economies Heba A. Elgazzar 4. Quality of Ambulatory Care: Hospitalisations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Lucia Kossarova PART II: SUPPLY AND HEALTH CARE MARKETS 5. Choice in Health Care: Drivers and Consequences Valentina Zigante, Joan Costa-Font and Zack Cooper 6. A Million Years of Waiting: Competing Accounts and Comparative Experiences of Hospital Waiting-time Policy Alec Morton and R. Gwyn Bevan 7. Measuring Access to Health Care in Europe Sara Allin and Cristina Masseria PART III: INSURANCE AND EXPENDITURES 8. How are Rising Health Care Expenditures Explained? Alistair McGuire, Victoria Serra-Sastre and Maria Raikou 9. Providing Financial Incentives for Improved Quality and Efficiency: A Literature Review of the Effects of Payment for Performance (P4P) Policies Irene Papanicolas 10. Social Health Protection: Policy Options for Low- and Middle-income Countries Philipa Mladovsky PART IV: PHARMACEUTICALS AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES 11. Technology Diffusion in Health Care: Conceptual Aspects and Evidence Victoria Serra-Sastre and Alistair McGuire 12. Do International Launch Strategies of Pharmaceutical Corporations Respond to Changes in the Regulatory Environment? Nebibe Varol, Joan Costa-Font and Alistair McGuire PART V: AGEING AND LONG-TERM CARE 13. Proximity to Death and Health Care Costs Michael Murphy 14. The Health and Social Care Divide in the United Kingdom Catherine Henderson 15. Barriers to and Opportunities for Private Long-term Care Insurance in England: What Can We Learn from Other Countries? Adelina Comas-Herrera, Rebecca Butterfield, José-Luis Fernández, Raphael Wittenberg and Joshua M. Wiener PART VI: BEHAVIOUR AND HEALTH PRODUCTION 16. Historical Trends of Mortality and its Implications for Health Policies in England and Wales: The Cause-of-Death Approach Mariachiara Di Cesare and Michael Murphy 17. Risk Research and Health-related Behaviours Caroline Rudisill 18. The Doctor–Patient Relationship: A Review of the Theory and Policy Implications Charitini Stavropoulou Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisMedical technology broadly defined to include all aspects of the process of treating disease (e.g., pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and surgical procedures) is profoundly important for individual health and, consequently, also for general welfare. Advances in medical technology convey the prospect of both improved population health and increased general welfare. However, because of the extensive regulation of the markets for healthcare goods and services, the development and application of medical technologies differs fundamentally from non-medical technological advances. In this volume of the "Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research" series we present several papers that provide theoretical and empirical evidence about the market for medical technology.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Overview. Aspects of Research and Development Contract Terms in the Bio/Pharmaceutical Sector. Effects of Regulation on Drug Launch and Pricing in Interdependent Markets. The Effect of Pharmaceutical Innovation on the Functional Limitations of Elderly Americans: Evidence from the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey. Comparative Effectiveness Research, Technological Abandonment, and Health Care Spending. How do Initial Signals of Quality Influence the Diffusion of New Medical Products? The Case of New Cancer Drug Treatments. Technology Diffusion and Substitution of Medical Innovations. Health Insurance and Hospital Technology Adoption. The Economics of Medical Technology. Advances in health economics and health services research. Advances in health economics and health services research. Copyright page.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEconomists are increasingly turning their attention to the measurement and causes of health inequality. This is in response to widespread concern that health disparities reflect social injustices but is also part of the trend away from the narrow focus on inequality in income to the more encompassing analysis of inequality in wellbeing. Researchers interested in the extent and causes of variation in wellbeing cannot but turn their analytical gaze on health inequalities. This volume contains methodological and empirical contributions from leading experts in health economics and economic inequality that add further momentum to a thriving field of research. The focus is on methods for the measurement of health inequalities (income related, multidimensional and inequalities of opportunity) as well as the analysis of their causes. The collection is essential reading for researchers already working on health inequality and provides an immediate reconnaissance of the frontiers for those entering this exciting field.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Lost in Translation: Rethinking the Inequality Equivalence Criteria for Bounded Health Variables. Measuring the Inequality of Bounded Distributions: A Joint Analysis of Attainments and Shortfalls. Measuring Health Inequality with Categorical Data: Some Regional Patterns. Inequality and Bi-Polarization in Socioeconomic Status and Health: Ordinal Approaches. On the Measurement of the (Multidimensional) Inequality of Health Distributions. Equity in Health and Equivalent Incomes. Reference Value Sensitivity of Measures of Unfair Health Inequality. Accounting for Population Change in the Longitudinal Analysis of Income-Related Health Inequalities. Regression-Based Decompositions of Rank-Dependent Indicators of Socioeconomic Inequality of Health. Health Inequalities through the Lens of Health-Capital Theory: Issues, Solutions, and Future Directions. The Contribution of Occupation to Health Inequality. Inequality of Opportunities in Health and the Principle of Natural Reward: Evidence from European Countries. Ex-ante and Ex-post Measurement of Inequality of Opportunity in Health: Evidence from Israel. Early Life Conditions and Later Life Inequality in Health. Wealth, Health, and the Measurement of Multidimensional Inequality: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa. Income Inequality, Health and Development – in Search of a Pattern. Equity in Health Care Delivery: Some thoughts and an Example. Measuring Health Inequality in the Context of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. The Developmental Origins of Health Inequality. List of Contributors. Health and Inequality. Research on Economic Inequality. Health and Inequality. Copyright page.

Read more less