Genocide and ethnic cleansing Books

Book SynopsisCrimes in Archival Form explores the many ways in which human rights facts are produced rather than found. Using Myanmar as his case study, Ken MacLean examines the fact-finding practices of a human rights group, two cross-border humanitarian agencies, an international law clinic, and a global NGO-led campaign. Foregrounding fact-finding, in critical yet constructive ways, prompts long overdue conversations about the possibilities and limits of human rights documentation as a mode of truth-seeking. Such conversations are particularly urgent in an era when the perpetrators of large-scale human rights violations exploit misinformation, weaponize disinformation, and employ outright falsehoods, including deepfakes, to undermine the credibility of those who document abuses and demand accountability in the court of public opinion and in courts of law. MacLean compels practitioners and scholars alike to be more transparent about how human rights fact production works, why it is important, and when its use should prompt concern.Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgments and Dedication List of Abbreviations Notes on Terminology Introduction 1. Pacifying Bodies Histories of Preemptive Violence 2. Enslaving Bodies Verbatim in Replicated Form 3. Starving Bodies Visual Economies of Enumeration 4. Killing Bodies Narrativity Transcribed 5. Investigating Bodies The Recursive Logic of Citations Conclusion Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisOf all the horrors of the last century, ethnic cleansing ranks among the worst. The term burst forth in public discourse in the spring of 1992 as a way to describe Serbian attacks on the Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina, but as this landmark book attests, ethnic cleansing is neither new nor likely to cease in our time.Trade ReviewAs Norman M. Naimark observes…with broad enough standards the ‘ethnic cleansing’ label can be affixed to events as disparate as the destruction of Carthage, the crusade against the Albigensians, the expulsion of Jews from Spain, the Spanish conquest of the Incas and Aztecs, and the expulsion of Indians from tribal lands in the United States… He objects that such a catchall approach fails to explain current events in useful terms… Naimark provides…disturbing details—and much other cause for sad reflection. -- Anatole Shub * New Leader *What strands link the last century’s bloody spasms of ethnic cleansing—from the Armenian genocide and the Holocaust to Bosnia and Kosovo? Stanford University historian Naimark argues ethnic cleansing is a profoundly twentieth-century phenomenon, not a product of ‘ancient hatreds’… The ugliness of ethnic cleansing—its violence and brutality, its misogyny and totality, its effort to eradicate every trace of ‘the other’—poses unique challenges to an international community reluctant to intervene in the internal affairs of a sovereign nation state. -- Mary Carroll * Booklist *A needed measure of clarity… [Naimark] embeds ethnic cleansing in the history of 20th-century Europe…[and] undercuts the standard wisdom that holds ancient enmities responsible for atrocities perpetrated in the modern era… Students of history and international relations are indebted to professor Naimark for [his] sobering insights. -- James R. Holmes * Library Journal *As a contribution to the study of mass violence in this century, this book is very reliable, eminently readable, and highly educational. Naimark emphasizes that ethnic cleansing is a ‘profoundly modern experience’ and the international community, which has sometimes encouraged and more usually ignored large-scale atrocities, is responsible. -- Stanley Hoffmann, Harvard UniversityDuring the last decade, Americans and Europeans rediscovered the horrors of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, Croatia, and Kosovo. Norman Naimark’s important research demonstrates that it was hardly an invention of the l990s, but has had a long history, often shrouded in silence because it was easier to live with the results. This is an immensely relevant and anguishing study. -- Charles Maier, Harvard UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Armenians and Greeks of Anatolia 2. The Nazi Attack on the Jews 3. Soviet Deportation of the Chechens-Ingush and the Crimean Tatars 4. The Expulsion of Germans from Poland and Czechoslovakia 5. The Wars of Yugoslav Succession Conclusion Notes Acknowledgments Index

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Book SynopsisHow can we prevent future atrocities, and stop the ones that are happening now? This book tells the powerful story of the successes and failures of the modern human rights movement. Drawing on firsthand accounts from fieldworkers around the world, the book gives a painfully clear picture of the human cost of confronting inhumanity in our day.Trade ReviewThat the World May Know explores the double binds that attract, reward and torment those engaged in human rights and humanitarian work on the front lines of intervention. Because of its combination of interview and literary material, it presents a rich and diverse set of data to the reader. No one has so far written a book quite like this. -- Jacqueline Bhabha, Executive Director, Harvard University Committee on Human Rights StudiesDawes maintains a remarkable balance of tone, searchingly sympathetic yet calmly analytical. -- Steven Poole * The Guardian *Anyone concerned with human rights--with humanity in general--will come away from James Dawes' That The World May Know troubled and well informed...During the last 30 years, Americans have seen images of or read about genocide, torture, and violent political repression in Bosnia, Rwanda, Somalia, Darfur, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Haiti, Nigeria, and Argentina. Dawes' book asks us to think about how stories of atrocity are told, who gets to tell them, how those stories affect us, and ultimately what good they may or may not do. -- Tom Palaima * Texas Observer *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the George McT. Kahin Prize, Association for Asian Studies""Winner of the Distinguished Book Award in Non-U.S. History, Society for Military History""Winner of the Raphael Lemkin Book Award, Institute for the Study of Genocide""Longlisted for the 2019 ICAS Book Prize in Humanities, International Convention of Asia Scholars""One of the Financial Times' Best Books of 2018: History""One of Foreign Affairs' Picks for Best of Books 2018""[Robinson’s] book skilfully combines a human rights advocate’s anger with academic rigour."---Julia Lovell, The Guardian"In this masterful account . . . the killings receive the comprehensive, scholarly treatment they have long needed."---Tony Barber, Financial Times"Robinson [displays his] ability to combine, with chilling calm, a broad theoretical analysis and comparative analysis with a detailed understanding of events."---Adrian Vickers, Times Literary Supplement"A useful contribution to regional history and a much-needed voice in the ‘path of silence’ that followed a murderous time." * Kirkus *"Robinson’s work is painstakingly careful and deserves as wide a readership as possible. . . . The real importance of this book is that it exposes in meticulous detail a modern genocide from the inside out. Governments and politicians could learn from this to prevent genocides before they even happen."---Richard Cockett, Literary Review"This meticulous scholarly analysis of the country's institutions comprehensively investigates the economic, religious, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors behind the arrests, rape, torture, and murder that were inflicted on communist true believers and innocents alike. Robinson's authoritative scholarly work is an indispensable resource for specialists seeking a comprehensive overview of this little-studied period in Southeast Asian history." * Publisher's Weekly *"Crucial. . . . The Killing Season is clearly and elegantly written, the prose often driven by a controlled anger."---Alex de Jong, Jacobin"The facts and horrors of [the Indonesian massacres of 1965-66] are the subject of Geoffrey B. Robinson’s essential volume, The Killing Season. In careful detail, Robinson lays out the background for the slaughter and its execution, laying blame squarely on those Indonesians and Western powers responsible for what he calls a crime against humanity—the aftereffects of which are still apparent today."---Mitchell Abidor, Jewish Currents"Robinson’s The Killing Season is a vital work in documenting one of the worst mass killings of the 20th century — and exposing the complicity of Western governments." * Green Left Weekly *"An authoritative and harrowing account of the massacres in Indonesia and their aftermath. . . . Robinson spares no one, but his indictment is nuanced and rises above Cold War passions. . . . The findings of Robinson’s painstaking scholarship may shock those accustomed to triumphal readings of the Cold War, but Robinson provides a more accurate, if less inspirational, perspective on U.S. policy."---Gary Bass, Foreign Affairs"This is an important and extensively researched account about the activities and consequences of state terrorism, using the Indonesian experience as its case study."---Joshua Sinai, Perspectives on Terrorism"Robinson’s work is a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate on the 1965 events that draws on a rich body of primary and secondary sources. The book is an easy read when it comes to language and an enlightening read when it comes to the details of army operation and strategies. It is a must-read for Indonesianists, and many part of the book might also draw the attention of people dedicated to genocide and military studies in general."---Timo Duile, Austrian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies"Robinson’s masterly account of the terrible slaughters that took place in Indonesia offers important reflections on the nature of mass violence."---Christopher Hale, History Today"An authoritative and harrowing account of the massacres in Indonesia and their aftermath."---Gary J. Bass, Foreign Affairs"This book is recommended for those trying to understand the causes, both domestic and international, behind the massacres of 1965-66. It is also an insight into Indonesia’s continuing struggle to come to terms with this painful episode in its history."---Frank Beyer, Inside Indonesia"Robinson, an expert on human rights, concludes with a thought provoking analysis of why mass killings and illegal detentions take place, and considers the long-term consequences of the events of 1965-1966 for Indonesian society. He has written a clear and well documented book which is essential reading for anyone interested in modern Indonesian history."---Roger Hamilton, Asian Affairs"An encyclopedic exploration into this event, why it happened, who supported it, and what its impact on the nation has been. . . . The Killing Season is a very powerful book. I strongly recommend it."---Erik Loomis, Lawyers, Guns & Money"Geoffrey Robinson emphasizes that one of his main objectives in writing this book was to ‘disturb the troubling silence.’ I have waited many years for such a book to appear, one which I hoped would help to pierce the West’s historical amnesia. Robinson has written an extraordinary work that does full justice to this neglected topic. Deeply researched and packed with fascinating and revelatory information, The Killing Season is considered, scholarly, well-argued, and absolutely gripping reading. As soon as I finished reading this book, I wanted to dive right back into it again."---Gregory Elich, CounterPunch"Remarkable."---Ken Silverstein, New Republic"I see The Killing Season as a must-read for anyone interested in Indonesia and broadly defined human rights issues of Southeast Asia for its unparalleled comprehensiveness, solid archival research, and elegant writing style."---Kankan Xie, New Books Asia

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Book SynopsisFamines are becoming smaller and rarer, but optimism about the possibility of a famine-free future must be tempered by the threat of global warming. That is just one of the arguments that Cormac O Grada, one of the world's leading authorities on the history and economics of famine, develops in this wide-ranging book, which provides crucial new persTrade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2015 "[I]ts final chapter offers salient discussion of future possibilities and constraints for food security."--Liz Young, Times Higher Education "This book is written in calm prose, but its message is urgent: continue as we are and poverty will grow on our doorsteps."--Danny Dorling, Times Higher Education "The Irish economist Cormac O? Gra?da has written a rarity: a coolly rational, cautiously cheerful book about the most viscerally upsetting subject imaginable, mass death from hunger...For O? Gra?da, perhaps the world's expert on the history and economics of famine, now is the time to understand this long-standing terror."--Charles C. Mann, Pacific Standard "The breadth of primary and secondary resources referenced is notable throughout, and this excellent book by a leading scholar is accessible to all readers."--Choice "Cormac O Grada knows more than most people about famines, historical and modern, and his short book of essays, Eating People is Wrong, is superb."--Diane Coyle, Enlightened Economist "The overriding impression one gets from reading Cormac O Grada's latest, brilliant book is that famines the world over are an ugly human stain."--David Nally, Irish Times "Dealing with some of the most horrendous aspects of famine, the five essays collected here are meticulously scholarly and at the same time arrestingly vivid."--John Gray, New Statesman "O Grada's book offers a sobering reminder of the importance of making judgments based on good data and unhindered by ideological filters."--Douglas Gollin, Foreign AffairsTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 1 Eating People Is Wrong: Famine's Darkest Secret? 11 2 "Sufficiency and Sufficiency and Sufficiency": Revisiting the Great Bengal Famine of 1943-44 38 3 Markets and Famines: Pre-industrial Europe and Beyond 92 4 Great Leap into Great Famine 130 5 Famine Is Not the Problem-For Now 174 Bibliography 209 Index 231

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Book SynopsisWhy did the twentieth century witness unprecedented organized genocide? Can we learn why genocide is perpetrated by comparing different cases of genocide? Is the Holocaust unique, or does it share causes and features with other cases of state-sponsored mass murder? Can genocide be prevented? Blending gripping narrative with trenchant analysis, EricTrade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2003 "There is much new in Weitz's analysis and his isolation of the common mechanisms of state-sponsored genocide is an invaluable contribution to the literature on the subject... Despite its analytical and reasoned approach, this work cannot be read without feeling outrage, despair and horror. Weitz's work raises profound questions about the human capacity for violence."--Publishers Weekly "A Century of Genocide has much to offer. It will serve as an excellent first introduction to Lenin and Stalin's crimes, the Holocaust, the Cambodian massacres of the 1970s and the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia."--Brendon Simms, Times Higher Education Supplement "[A] book that must be read and that must be argued over. Without an understanding of the issues [it] tackle[s] with passion and in depth, the desire to intervene--to prevent ethnic cleansing or genocide--is meaningless."--Rima Berns-McGown, International Journal "Weitz has produced something exceedingly rare: a scholarly book one cannot put down. This is a meritorious, thoughtful book."--Choice "An important, thought-provoking book on an inordinately complex subject."--Gavriel Rosenfeld, The New Leader "Weitz makes a persuasive case that these genocides were not simply anarchic eruptions of age-old hatreds, but rather were engineered by crisis-ridden regimes promoting utopian visions requiring a radical refashioning of the population."--Martin Farrell, Perspectives on Politics "This important, highly thoughtful book is a welcome addition to the growing literature on genocide in the twentieth century. It deserves a wide audience among scholars, undergraduates, and policy makers. Broad ranging, genuinely comparative, rigorous, and learned, A Century of Genocide is engagingly written, while prudent and balanced in its judgments."--Frank Chalk, Slavic ReviewTable of ContentsAbbreviations vii Preface to the New Paperback Edition ix An Armenian Prelude 1 Introduction: Genocides in the Twentieth Century 8 Chapter 1 Race and Nation: An Intellectual History 16 Chapter 2 Nation, Race, and State Socialism: The Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin 53 Chapter 3 The Primacy of Race: Nazi Germany 102 Chapter 4 Racial Communism: Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge 144 Chapter 5 National Communism: Serbia and the Bosnian War 190 Conclusion 236 Notes 255 Bibliography 311 Acknowledgments 339 Index 343

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"A political scientist turns fresh eyes on the problem of how European Jews responded to the Holocaust as it was unfolding... Of much interest to students of modern history but also to those engaged in humanitarian relief efforts, refugee relocation, and the like."--Kirkus "Instances of ... mass hysteria have been appearing on a weekly basis, revealing an historical illiteracy so vast that it could contain 1,000 books on the Holocaust. If the ignorant could read only one of them ... Ordinary Jews would be an excellent way to begin their education."--Stefan Kanfer, City JournalTable of ContentsList of Tables, Maps, and Figures vii Note on Transliteration ix 1 Introduction 4 2 Setting the Stage: Jewish Ghettos during the Holocaust 21 3 What Did the Jews Know? 51 4 Cooperation and Collaboration 69 5 Coping and Compliance 98 6 Evasion 126 7 Resistance 159 8 Conclusions 191 Appendix 1 Data and Archival Methods 199 Appendix 2 Distribution of Strategies 208 Appendix 3 Beyond the Three Ghettos: Econometric Analysis of Uprisings 212 Notes 223 Abbreviations 245 Bibliography 247 Glossary 263 Acknowledgments 265 Index 269

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2015""[I]ts final chapter offers salient discussion of future possibilities and constraints for food security."---Liz Young, Times Higher Education"This book is written in calm prose, but its message is urgent: continue as we are and poverty will grow on our doorsteps."---Danny Dorling, Times Higher Education"The Irish economist Cormac Ó Gráda has written a rarity: a coolly rational, cautiously cheerful book about the most viscerally upsetting subject imaginable, mass death from hunger. . . .For Ó Gráda, perhaps the world's expert on the history and economics of famine, now is the time to understand this long-standing terror."---Charles C. Mann, Pacific Standard"The breadth of primary and secondary resources referenced is notable throughout, and this excellent book by a leading scholar is accessible to all readers." * Choice *"Cormac Ó Gráda knows more than most people about famines, historical and modern, and his short book of essays, Eating People is Wrong, is superb."---Diane Coyle, Enlightened Economist"The overriding impression one gets from reading Cormac Ó Gráda's latest, brilliant book is that famines the world over are an ugly human stain."---David Nally, Irish Times"Dealing with some of the most horrendous aspects of famine, the five essays collected here are meticulously scholarly and at the same time arrestingly vivid."---John Gray, New Statesman"Ó Gráda's book offers a sobering reminder of the importance of making judgments based on good data and unhindered by ideological filters."---Douglas Gollin, Foreign Affairs

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Modern and multidisciplinary. . . . Settling for Less provides the most comprehensive analysis of settler colonialism."---Kyosuke Kikuta, The Developing Economies"Prodigious research and presentation." * Choice *"McNamee’s book is mandatory reading for scholars interested in both the causes and consequences of colonization. . . . Charles Tilly once warned us not to crow too loudly about the death of empires. But Lachlan McNamee’s excellent, accessible, and well-written book has given us reason to crow. Slowly but surely, the structural force of modernization works against the strategic goals of empire."---Jacob Gerner, Perspectives on Politics"McNamee asks big questions, constructs an original and provocative theory, unearths previously unused, indeed, unknown data, and compiles persuasive evidence to support his hypotheses . . . Settling for Less is an extraordinary first book of the sort to which authors aspire."---David A. Lake, Political Science Quarterly

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Modern and multidisciplinary. . . . Settling for Less provides the most comprehensive analysis of settler colonialism."---Kyosuke Kikuta, The Developing Economies"Prodigious research and presentation." * Choice *"McNamee’s book is mandatory reading for scholars interested in both the causes and consequences of colonization. . . . Charles Tilly once warned us not to crow too loudly about the death of empires. But Lachlan McNamee’s excellent, accessible, and well-written book has given us reason to crow. Slowly but surely, the structural force of modernization works against the strategic goals of empire."---Jacob Gerner, Perspectives on Politics"McNamee asks big questions, constructs an original and provocative theory, unearths previously unused, indeed, unknown data, and compiles persuasive evidence to support his hypotheses . . . Settling for Less is an extraordinary first book of the sort to which authors aspire."---David A. Lake, Political Science Quarterly

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Book SynopsisIn 1947 German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring was tried and convicted of war crimes committed during World War II. The author's close analysis of the Kesselring case reveals how a network of veterans, lawyers, and German sympathizers in Britain and America achieved the commutation of Kesselring's death sentence and his eventual release.Trade ReviewHistorians have analyzed the postwar trials of German officers before, but none have done it so brilliantly. While truth may be the first casualty in war, Von Lingen shows that it often suffers in peacetime as well. A fascinating and essential book. Robert M. Citino, author of Death of the Wehrmacht: The German Campaigns of 1942 ""A superb study that is balanced, extremely thorough, and highly readable. What makes this book especially timely is its discussion of war crimes, command responsibility, and the process of conducting such trials."" James S. Corum, author of Wolfram von Richthofen: Master of the German Air War ""An important contribution."" Richard Breitman, editor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies

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Book SynopsisKatyn the Soviet massacre of over 21,000 Polish prisoners in 1940 has come to be remembered as Stalin s emblematic mass murder, an event obscured by one of the most extensive cover-ups in history. Yet paradoxically, a majority of its victims perished far from the forest in western Russia that gives the tragedy its name.Trade Review"An informative survey of the debates occaasioned by the crimes of early 1940." Times Literary Supplement "A fine example of international research collaboration." Russian Review "An important corrective to most recent studies of imperialism, which rarely transcend the national optic." Laboratorium: Russian Review of Social Research "This book, a rare example of collective scholarship, is more than path-breaking. It manages to move around the furniture in an entire field, that of memory studies, one that is shared by literary scholars, linguists, anthropologists, psychologists, historians and others. This exploration of memory events is essential reading for all students in the social sciences and the humanities." Jay Winter, Yale University "In an exemplary way, this multi-disciplinary in depth case study reconstructs the symbolic legacy of Katyn as a transnational trauma. The book is a unique collective achievement with genuine potential to integrate this key event into European memory." Aleida Assmann, University of Konstanz "The crime of Katyn has bedeviled European memory for decades, and only an ambitious pan-European effort such as this one can reveal every angle of the problem – and some of the solutions." Timothy Snyder, Yale University'This book, a rare example of collective scholarship, is more than path-breaking. It manages to move around the furniture in an entire field, that of memory studies, one that is shared by literary scholars, linguists, anthropologists, psychologists, historians and others. This exploration of memory events is essential reading for all students in the social sciences and the humanities.'Jay Winter, Yale University 'In an exemplary way, this multi-disciplinary in depth case study reconstructs the symbolic legacy of Katyn as a transnational trauma. The book is a unique collective achievement with genuine potential to integrate this key event into European memory.'Aleida Assmann, University of Konstanz 'The crime of Katyn has bedeviled European memory for decades, and only an ambitious pan-European effort such as this one can reveal every angle of the problem – and some of the solutions.'Timothy Snyder, Yale UniversityTable of ContentsContents List of Contributors Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations List of Figures A Note on Translation and Transliteration Map Timeline Introduction: Remembering Katyn Chapter One: Katyn in Poland Chapter Two: Katyn in Katyn Chapter Three: Katyn in Ukraine Chapter Four: Katyn in Belarus Chapter Five: Katyn in the Baltic States Chapter Six: Katyn in Russia Chapter Seven: Katyn in Katyn Coda: ‘Katyn-2' Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis fully revised edition of Martin Shaw''s classic, award-winning text proposes a way through the intellectual confusion surrounding genocide. In a thorough account of the idea''s history, Shaw considers its origins and development and its relationships to concepts like ethnic cleansing and politicide. Offering a radical critique of the existing literature on genocide, he argues that what distinguishes genocide from more legitimate warfare is that the ''enemies'' targeted are groups and individuals of a civilian character. He vividly illustrates his argument with a wide range of historical examples - from the Holocaust to Rwanda and Palestine to Yugoslavia - and shows how the question ''What is genocide?'' matters politically whenever populations are threatened by violence. The second edition of this compelling book will continue to spark interest and vigorous debate, appealing to students and scholars across the social sciences and in international law.Trade ReviewIn this second edition of his wonderful book, Shaw shows that definitions matter in explaining genocide. Incorporating recent work he gives a highly-intelligent view of genocide, broadly defined as in Raphael Lemkin?s original coining of the term. If you want to read a general work on genocide and ethnic cleansing, this should be your first choice. Michael Mann, University of California, Los Angeles The first edition of What is Genocide? rightly became an instant classic. The second edition adds depth on Raphael Lemkin, the notion of genocidal massacre and the structural dimensions of genocide. It is essential reading for teaching and thinking about this troubling subject. Dirk Moses, European University InstituteTable of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition 1 Introduction: The Importance of Definition PART I: THE GENOCIDE IDEA 2 Raphael Lemkin and the Idea of Genocide 3 The Concept after Lemkin 4 The Holocaust Standard 5 The 'Cleansing' Euphemism 6 The Many 'Cides' of Genocide PART II: AGENCY AND STRUCTURE IN GENOCIDE 7 From Intentionality to a Structural Concept 8 The Structure of Genocide: Conflict and War 9 Actors and Process in Genocidal Conflict 10 Structural Contexts: Explaining Modern Genocide 11 Conclusion: New Definitions Index

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Book SynopsisBy challenging the ways that survivors of mass violence are typically understood as either eyewitnesses to history or victims of it, the contributors to this volume ask us to go “beyond testimony” to embrace sustained listening and collaborative research design.Table of ContentsIntroductionPart 1: The Political Work of Witness1 The Ex-Disappeared in Post-Dictatorship Argentina: The Work of Testimony and Survivors at the Margins / Ari Gandsman2 Pessimism of the Intellect, Optimism of the Will: Engaging with the “Testimony” of Injured Workers / Robert Storey3 The Ethics of Learning from Rwandan Survivor Communities: Critical Reflexivity and the Politics of Knowledge Production in Genocide Education / Lisa Taylor, Umwali Sollange, and Marie-Jolie Rwigema4 The Role of Oral History in Surviving a Eugenic Past / Robert A. WilsoPart 2: Working with Survivors5 From Testimony to Recounting: Reflections from Forty Years of Listening to Holocaust Survivors / Henry Greenspan6 Collaborative Witnessing and Sharing Authority in Conversations with Holocaust Survivors / Carolyn Ellis and Jerry Rawicki7 Sharing “A Big Kettle of Soup”: Compassionate Listening with a Holocaust Survivor / Chris Patti8 “Questions Are More Important than Answers”: Creating Collaborative Workshop Spaces with Holocaust Survivor-Educators in Montreal / Anna Sheftel and Stacey Zembrzycki9 On Tour with Mapping Memories: Sharing Refugee Youth Stories in Montreal Classrooms / Michele Luchs and Elizabeth MillerPart 3: Acts of Composure and Framing10 Economic Violence, Occupational Disability, and Death: Oral Narratives of the Impact of Asbestos-Related Diseases in Britain / Arthur McIvor11 The Frames We Use: Narratives, Ethnicity, and the Problem of Multiple Identities in Post-Conflict Oral Histories (Bosnia-Herzegovina) / Catherine Baker12 Memories of Departures: Stories of Jews from Muslim Lands in Montreal / Yolande Cohen, Martin Messika, and Sara Cohen Fournier13 Finding Meaning in Oral History Sources through Storytelling and Religion / Marie A. PelletierAfterword / Henry GreenspanIndex

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Book SynopsisBy challenging the ways that survivors of mass violence are typically understood as either eyewitnesses to history or victims of it, the contributors to this volume ask us to go beyond testimony to embrace sustained listening and collaborative research design.Table of ContentsIntroductionPart 1: The Political Work of Witness1 The Ex-Disappeared in Post-Dictatorship Argentina: The Work of Testimony and Survivors at the Margins / Ari Gandsman2 Pessimism of the Intellect, Optimism of the Will: Engaging with the “Testimony” of Injured Workers / Robert Storey3 The Ethics of Learning from Rwandan Survivor Communities: Critical Reflexivity and the Politics of Knowledge Production in Genocide Education / Lisa Taylor, Umwali Sollange, and Marie-Jolie Rwigema4 The Role of Oral History in Surviving a Eugenic Past / Robert A. WilsoPart 2: Working with Survivors5 From Testimony to Recounting: Reflections from Forty Years of Listening to Holocaust Survivors / Henry Greenspan6 Collaborative Witnessing and Sharing Authority in Conversations with Holocaust Survivors / Carolyn Ellis and Jerry Rawicki7 Sharing “A Big Kettle of Soup”: Compassionate Listening with a Holocaust Survivor / Chris Patti8 “Questions Are More Important than Answers”: Creating Collaborative Workshop Spaces with Holocaust Survivor-Educators in Montreal / Anna Sheftel and Stacey Zembrzycki9 On Tour with Mapping Memories: Sharing Refugee Youth Stories in Montreal Classrooms / Michele Luchs and Elizabeth MillerPart 3: Acts of Composure and Framing10 Economic Violence, Occupational Disability, and Death: Oral Narratives of the Impact of Asbestos-Related Diseases in Britain / Arthur McIvor11 The Frames We Use: Narratives, Ethnicity, and the Problem of Multiple Identities in Post-Conflict Oral Histories (Bosnia-Herzegovina) / Catherine Baker12 Memories of Departures: Stories of Jews from Muslim Lands in Montreal / Yolande Cohen, Martin Messika, and Sara Cohen Fournier13 Finding Meaning in Oral History Sources through Storytelling and Religion / Marie A. PelletierAfterword / Henry GreenspanIndex

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Book SynopsisBenjamin A. Valentino finds that ethnic hatreds or discrimination, undemocratic systems of government, and dysfunctions in society play a much smaller role in mass killing and genocide than is commonly assumed. He shows that the impetus for mass...Trade ReviewIn this brilliant study of genocides and mass murders, Valentino analyzes conditions leading to such monstrous crimes based on more than eight cases.... Valentino's extraordinary scholarship provides a challenge to conventional wisdom about what can and should be done about genocide. * Choice *In trying to make sense of such violence, scholars have tended to look within societies: at collective psychology, ethnic and racial hatred, and the character of government. In this astute and provocative study, Valentino argues instead that leaders, not societies, are to blame. In most cases, he finds that powerful leaders use mass killing to advance their own interests or indulge their own hatreds, rather than to carry out the desires of their constituencies.... Valentino cleverly notes that if mass killing is not deeply rooted in society but a tactic of state power, the rest of the world has fewer excuses for inaction. * Foreign Affairs *Valentino's analysis is flawless. His empirically rooted case studies are appropriate and interpretive strategies rigorous. * Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Mass Killing in Historical and Theoretical Perspective1. Mass Killing and Genocide2. The Perpetrators and the Public3. The Strategic Logic of Mass Killing4. Communist Mass Killings: The Soviet Union, China, and Cambodia5. Ethnic Mass Killings: Turkish Armenia. Nazi Germany, and Rwanda6. Counterguerrilla Mass Killings: Guatemala and AfghanistanConclusion: Anticipating and Preventing Mass KillingNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisOn August 30, 1999, in a United Nations-sponsored ballot, East Timor voted for independence from Indonesia and for an end to a brutal military occupation. Upon the announcement of the result, Indonesian troops and their paramilitary proxies launched a wave of terror that, over three weeks, resulted in the murder of more than 1,000 people, the rape of untold numbers of women and girls, the razing of 70 percent of the country''s buildings and infrastructure, and the forcible deportation of 250,000 people. In recounting these horrible acts and the preceding events, Joseph Nevins shows that what took place was only the final scene in more than two decades of atrocities. More than 200,000 people, about a third of the population, lost their lives due to Indonesia''s 1975 invasion and subsequent occupation, making the East Timorese case proportionately one of the worst episodes of genocide since World War II. In A Not-So-Distant Horror, Nevins reveals the international compliTrade ReviewA Not-So-Distant Horror is essential for understanding the broader context of Washington's latest support for Jakarta's military. The book provides a thorough overview of 'international community' backing for the twenty-four-year Indonesian military occupation of East Timor, and shows the blatant power calculations that went into the sell-out of the East Timorese. As Nevins quotes then-U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia Stapleton Roy saying in 1999, 'Indonesia matters and East Timor doesn't.'. -- Ben Terrall * Counterpunch.org *In an account described by Noam Chomsky as 'searingly honest,' Joe Nevins analyzes how Western nations conspired to back Indonesia and keep the East Timor issue out of the spotlight. The price paid by the East Timorese was a loss of life estimated at close to two hundred thousand, or a third of its population, proportionally one of the worst cases of genocide since World War II. -- Maire Leadbeater * The New Zealand Herald *Nevins's account of the period from Indonesia's unlawful invasion of East Timor on 7 December 1975 to the withdrawal of its forces in September 2001 is factual, accurate, and spare.... There is much to reflect on in Nevins's book, not least the mute acceptance in Australia of many U.S. policies as our own. -- Richard Broinowski * Australian Book Review *This book identifies many villains and even more numerous accomplices, not only in East Timor but in 'painful events' around the world. It will raise the reader's righteous indignation as well as awareness. Implicit is the hope that awareness and indignation will stimulate deeper, more truthful accounts of 'painful events', leading to justice, restitution and moral closure. -- Stephen Hoadley * New Zealand International Review *Rarely do contemporary histories address foreign policy making from the perspective of human rights and justice. Even rarer is a book like Joseph Nevins's A Not-So-Distant Horror, which compellingly makes the case that failure to give such concerns adequate weight in policy formulation has produced ruinous results.... This book should be read by all those concerned that Washington's eager embrace and empowerment of rogue militaries in the so-called 'war on terror'—as we did during the Cold War—will again strengthen regimes characterized by their corruption and hostility to democracy and human rights. -- Edmund McWilliams * Foreign Service Journal *This is a gripping and powerful saga rooted in the horrible atrocities and deprivation endured by the East Timorese following Indonesia's invasion in 1975. Indonesian security forces ruled ruthlessly until 1999, causing nearly 200,000 conflict-related deaths, imprisoning and torturing thousands more, while raping and plundering with abandon. A generation of East Timorese grew up where the rule of law was a distant rumor and human rights were routinely violated. Joseph Nevins briefly recapitulates this history, focusing on international complicity in these crimes against humanity, but mostly dwells on the troubling failure to secure justice. -- Jeff Kingston * The Japan Times *

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Book SynopsisBenjamin A. Valentino finds that ethnic hatreds or discrimination, undemocratic systems of government, and dysfunctions in society play a much smaller role in mass killing and genocide than is commonly assumed. He shows that the impetus for mass...Trade ReviewIn this brilliant study of genocides and mass murders, Valentino analyzes conditions leading to such monstrous crimes based on more than eight cases.... Valentino's extraordinary scholarship provides a challenge to conventional wisdom about what can and should be done about genocide. * Choice *In trying to make sense of such violence, scholars have tended to look within societies: at collective psychology, ethnic and racial hatred, and the character of government. In this astute and provocative study, Valentino argues instead that leaders, not societies, are to blame. In most cases, he finds that powerful leaders use mass killing to advance their own interests or indulge their own hatreds, rather than to carry out the desires of their constituencies.... Valentino cleverly notes that if mass killing is not deeply rooted in society but a tactic of state power, the rest of the world has fewer excuses for inaction. * Foreign Affairs *Valentino's analysis is flawless. His empirically rooted case studies are appropriate and interpretive strategies rigorous. * Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Mass Killing in Historical and Theoretical Perspective1. Mass Killing and Genocide2. The Perpetrators and the Public3. The Strategic Logic of Mass Killing4. Communist Mass Killings: The Soviet Union, China, and Cambodia5. Ethnic Mass Killings: Turkish Armenia. Nazi Germany, and Rwanda6. Counterguerrilla Mass Killings: Guatemala and AfghanistanConclusion: Anticipating and Preventing Mass KillingNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisIn the second half of the nineteenth century, the Euro-American citizenry of California carried out mass genocide against the Native population of their state, using the processes and mechanisms of democracy to secure land and resources for themselves and their private interests. Murder State is a comprehensive examination of these events and their early legacy.Trade Review"[Murder State is] one of the most important works ever published on the history of American Indians in California in the mid-nineteenth century."—Steven Newcomb, Indian Country “A significant historical account detailing white pioneers perpetrating genocide against California Indians. . . . [Employs] compelling evidence.”—Clifford E. Trafzer, Journal of American Studies “Lindsay’s methodology and conclusions . . . highlight important questions for scholars to ask of frontier societies, their legal systems, and their citizens.”—Brenden Rensink, Western Historical Quarterly “Perhaps the most provocative aspect of his book is Lindsay’s connection of American democracy to the killing of Indians.”—Robert G. Lee, American Historical Review“Democracy and genocide are two activities that most would declare antagonistic. Yet Brendan Lindsay presents primary evidence that reveals the hatred and murderous acts committed by early Californians and government officials, as a grassroots movement, to settle the ‘Golden State’ by exterminating and dispossessing Native peoples of their ancestral homelands.”—Jack Norton, Hupa historian and emeritus professor of Native American studies, Humboldt State University“Historian Brendan Lindsay has documented the attempted extermination of California’s first people and provided a detailed, comprehensive historical treatment of California’s genocide. He offers a groundbreaking study that will change the historiography of California and genocide studies—a penetrating but readable book that will quickly become a classic.”—Larry Myers (Pomo), executive secretary of the California Native American Heritage CommissionTable of ContentsList of TablesPrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Defining GenocidePart 1. Imagining GenocideIntroduction1. The Core Values of Genocide2. Emigrant Guides3. The Overland Trail ExperiencePart 2. Perpetrating GenocideIntroduction4. The Economics of Genocide in Southern California5. Democratic Death Squads of Northern CaliforniaPart 3. Supporting GenocideIntroduction6. The Murder State7. Federal Bystanders to and Agents of Genocide8. Advertising GenocideConclusion: At a Crossroads in the GenocideEpilogue: Forgetting and Remembering GenocideNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book Synopsis In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Euro-American citizenry of California carried out mass genocide against the Native population of their state, using the processes and mechanisms of democracy to secure land and resources for themselves and their private interests. The murder, rape, and enslavement of thousands of Native people were legitimized by notions of democracy—in this case mob rule—through a discreetly organized and brutally effective series of petitions, referenda, town hall meetings, and votes at every level of California government. Murder State is a comprehensive examination of these events and their early legacy. Preconceptions about Native Americans as shaped by the popular press and by immigrants’ experiences on the Overland Trail to California were used to further justify the elimination of Native people in the newcomers’ quest for land. The allegedly “violent nature” of Native peoplTrade Review"[Murder State is] one of the most important works ever published on the history of American Indians in California in the mid-nineteenth century."—Steven Newcomb, Indian Country “A significant historical account detailing white pioneers perpetrating genocide against California Indians. . . . [Employs] compelling evidence.”—Clifford E. Trafzer, Journal of American Studies “Lindsay’s methodology and conclusions . . . highlight important questions for scholars to ask of frontier societies, their legal systems, and their citizens.”—Brenden Rensink, Western Historical Quarterly “Perhaps the most provocative aspect of his book is Lindsay’s connection of American democracy to the killing of Indians.”—Robert G. Lee, American Historical Review“Democracy and genocide are two activities that most would declare antagonistic. Yet Brendan Lindsay presents primary evidence that reveals the hatred and murderous acts committed by early Californians and government officials, as a grassroots movement, to settle the ‘Golden State’ by exterminating and dispossessing Native peoples of their ancestral homelands.”—Jack Norton, Hupa historian and emeritus professor of Native American studies, Humboldt State University“Historian Brendan Lindsay has documented the attempted extermination of California’s first people and provided a detailed, comprehensive historical treatment of California’s genocide. He offers a groundbreaking study that will change the historiography of California and genocide studies—a penetrating but readable book that will quickly become a classic.”—Larry Myers (Pomo), executive secretary of the California Native American Heritage CommissionTable of ContentsList of Tables Preface Acknowledgments Introduction: Defining Genocide Part 1. Imagining Genocide Introduction 1. The Core Values of Genocide 2. Emigrant Guides 3. The Overland Trail Experience Part 2. Perpetrating Genocide Introduction 4. The Economics of Genocide in Southern California 5. Democratic Death Squads of Northern California Part 3. Supporting Genocide Introduction 6. The Murder State 7. Federal Bystanders to and Agents of Genocide 8. Advertising Genocide Conclusion: At a Crossroads in the Genocide Epilogue: Forgetting and Remembering Genocide Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn eight case studies written by recognized experts this book offers a major contribution to the comparative analysis of genocidal phenomena. Besides tapping a rich vein of empirical data, this collective effort breaks new ground in analyzing how denial, oblivion, or manipulated memory tends to mask the hideous realities of mass killing.Trade Review"Lemarchand's Forgotten Genocides is an excellent contemporary compilation of significant authors contributing to the growing academic consciousness on genocide. This is achieved by focusing their intellectual arts on less known acts of mass violence. . . . This book is certainly a must-read in any such research path a scholar may take within this area." * Human Rights Quarterly *"Thanks to [Lemarchand's] painstaking effort, readers now have more knowledge of the scope of genocides in history. Moreover, they can better analyze, from a global and comparative perspective, the universality and particularity of these incidents. . . . Highly recommended." * Choice *"Required reading for students of human rights and the general public alike. By utilizing a common analytical framework and emphasizing similar mechanisms that account for these 'forgotten genocides,' this volume stands out as an important and cohesive body of work." * Historical Justice and Memory Research Network *Table of ContentsPreface Introduction —René Lemarchand 1 Mass Murder in Eastern Congo, 1996-1997 —Filip Reyntjens and René Lemarchand 2 Burundi 1972: Genocide Denied, Revised, and Remembered —Rene Lemarchand 3 "Every Herero Will Be Shot": Genocide, Concentration Camps, and Slave Labor in German South-West Africa —Dominik J. Schaller 4 Extermination, Extinction, Genocide: British Colonialism and Tasmanian Aborigines —Shayne Breen 5 Tibet: A Neo-Colonial Genocide —Claude Levenson 6 The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds: Chemical Weapons in the Service of Mass Murder —Choman Hardi 7 The Assyrian Genocide: A Tale of Oblivion and Denial —Hannibal Travis 8 The "Gypsy Problem": An Invisible Genocide —Michael Stewart Notes List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisDocuments the history of Catholic activists to mitigate human rights abuses in Guatemala and the failed US policies in the country and region during the 1970s and 1980s.Trade Review“Michael Cangemi provides an outstanding contribution to historical research on Guatemala, Catholic activism, and US policy in Central America. By using a breadth of United States English language secular and religious archives, a range of Catholic newspaper accounts, and by delving into Guatemalan Human Rights reports, Cangemi creates a dialogue among these distinct experiences of and perspectives on Guatemala’s violent history.”—Susan Fitzpatrick-Behrens, author of The Maryknoll Catholic Mission in Peru, 1943–1989: Transnational Faith and Transformation "The book is a work of remarkably deep multilingual and multiarchival research that uses documents from religious as well as government archives in the United States and Guatemala, Catholic newspapers, and official human rights reports to give a voice to the victims of the Guatemalan genocide. Cangemi treats the topic with extraordinary sensitivity, delving deeply into diplomatic relations, state and church relations, and the experiences of Guatemalans and Catholic activists, including priests, nuns, and lay people. It is a wrenching, devastating account, but never a sensationalized one, and Cangemi weaves together the complex stories of transnational human rights activism, Cold War exigencies, and genocide with sophistication. The writing is crisp and the arguments compelling. It adds considerable to our understanding of Cold War U.S.-Latin American relations as well as to our understanding of the religious dynamics of genocide and the significant influence of religious activism on U.S. politics and foreign policy making. In short, it is a groundbreaking addition to the work on religious groups and the Guatemalan civil war that scholars such as Theresa Keeley and Virginia Garrard have done."—Lauren Turek, author of To Bring the Good News to All Nations: Evangelical Influence on Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Relations.

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Book SynopsisDavid Rawson draws on declassified documents and his own experiences as the initial US observer of the 1993 Rwandan peace talks at Arusha to seek out what led to the Rwandan genocide. The result is a commanding blend of diplomatic history and analysis of the crisis and of what happens generally when conflict resolution and diplomacy fall short.Trade Review“In lucid prose, Rawson weaves an informative, readable story of the complicated diplomatic efforts leading to the Arusha Accords of 1993. Drawing on vast documentation as well as his personal knowledge of the context, he provides a valuable perspective on the challenges—and ultimate failure—of the efforts to achieve peace. This thoughtful work adds important insights to our understanding of the road to ruin in Rwanda.”“Rawson puts the bottom line up front––Arusha failed because the parties to the talks were seeking power, not peace....This book is the definitive work on the Arusha talks and the most detailed and best-documented account of a diplomatic negotiation that I know of.”“In this story of frontline diplomacy David Rawson attempts to understand why negotiations failed to keep tragedy at bay in Rwanda.…[He] paints a revealing picture of struggling diplomacy and the dire consequences of failed conflict resolution.” * Foreign Service Journal *

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Book SynopsisDavid Rawson draws on declassified documents and his own experiences as the initial US observer of the 1993 Rwandan peace talks at Arusha to seek out what led to the Rwandan genocide. The result is a commanding blend of diplomatic history and analysis of the crisis and of what happens generally when conflict resolution and diplomacy fall short.Trade Review“In lucid prose, Rawson weaves an informative, readable story of the complicated diplomatic efforts leading to the Arusha Accords of 1993. Drawing on vast documentation as well as his personal knowledge of the context, he provides a valuable perspective on the challenges—and ultimate failure—of the efforts to achieve peace. This thoughtful work adds important insights to our understanding of the road to ruin in Rwanda.”“Rawson puts the bottom line up front––Arusha failed because the parties to the talks were seeking power, not peace....This book is the definitive work on the Arusha talks and the most detailed and best-documented account of a diplomatic negotiation that I know of.”“In this story of frontline diplomacy David Rawson attempts to understand why negotiations failed to keep tragedy at bay in Rwanda.…[He] paints a revealing picture of struggling diplomacy and the dire consequences of failed conflict resolution.” * Foreign Service Journal *

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Book SynopsisDuring the 1960s, a novel and film telling the story of the massacre sparked the first public open debate about the Hungarian Holocaust.This book examines public contentions over the Novi Sad massacre from its inception in 1942 until the final trial in 2011.

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Book SynopsisHow can court testimony be used to rebuild a cohesive national identity for the Hutus and Tutsis? And how is it that dance and theater help to move forward the cause of justice and reconciliation? This title provides a satisfying analysis of the interplay between justice, performance, narrative, and memorialization.

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Book SynopsisIn this meditation on loss, inheritance, and survival, renowned historian Harry Harootunian explores the Armenian genocide's multigenerational afterlives that remain at the heart of the Armenian diaspora by sketching the everyday lives of his parents, who escaped the genocide in the 1910s.Trade Review“‘Genocide’ was first coined to portray the brutality of the Turkish state as it murdered the Armenian population living within its borders. Yet the Armenian genocide has become largely invisible, a part of history erased from common awareness. Harry Harootunian's chronicle of the Armenian genocide's impact on his family's hellish life forces us to reexamine what we do not know about our pasts and the causes and consequences of our ignorance. Through this remarkable account, Harootunian refuses to let his family die twice.” -- Irene Silverblatt, Professor of Cultural Anthropology History, Duke University“The Unspoken as Heritage is a brave text offering something we all need: the recognition that a heritage shaped by catastrophe lingers, even thrives, in the unspoken and the everyday, rather than in the grand narratives of History. Harry Harootunian accounts for the unaccounted in the future tense, asking what should become of us as we live on in the wake of loss, rather than in the past tense of nationalist restoration. The rich and textured scraps of his parents lives, organized by ineradicable silence, here count for something potent: not the evidentiary, but the imaginative; not the exceptional, but the expectant.” -- David Kazanjian, Professor of English and Comparative Literature, University of Pennsylvania"Elegantly written and intriguingly structured. . . For readers interested in the problem of genocide, in the silence of survivors, and in second-generation immigrants, The Unspoken as Heritage offers richly rewarding reflections from the point of view of someone who has confronted unanswered questions that have lingered from his childhood." -- Werner Sollors * Critical Inquiry *“Harry Harootunian has authored a timely and thought-provoking book on the Armenian Genocide. The Unspoken as Heritage strikes a balance between the facts of the historical events and the author’s own personal journey to comprehend the full and complete tragedy that tore to shards his parents’ lives.” -- Barbara Erysian * Canadian Journal of History *“Professor Harootunian has managed to produce a book of profound depth and beauty. It is equal parts a personal memoir, a sociological examination of the Armenian Genocide and its often-unexamined psychological effects on survivors and their children, and a meditation of what it is to be a second-generation immigrant in a country ensconced in mythic self-glorification.” -- Artyom H. Tonoyan * Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies *“[The Unspoken as Heritage] is very rich and flows smoothly.... Harootunian’s study about his own family (as a singular case) sheds light upon what happened to the Armenians who ran away from the Ottoman Empire in the beginning of the twentieth century (as a collective process).” -- Pedro Bogossian-Porto * Ethnic and Racial Studies *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix 1. The Unrealized Everyday: By Way of an Introduction 1 2. Unnoticed Lives/Unanswered Questions 17 3. Traces of a Vanished Everyday 37 4. History's Interruption: Dispossession and Genocide 87 5. House of Strangers/Diminished Lives 114 Epilogue. Returning to Ani 149 Notes 161 Bibliography 171 Index 175

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Book SynopsisIn this meditation on loss, inheritance, and survival, renowned historian Harry Harootunian explores the Armenian genocide's multigenerational afterlives that remain at the heart of the Armenian diaspora by sketching the everyday lives of his parents, who escaped the genocide in the 1910s.Trade Review“‘Genocide’ was first coined to portray the brutality of the Turkish state as it murdered the Armenian population living within its borders. Yet the Armenian genocide has become largely invisible, a part of history erased from common awareness. Harry Harootunian's chronicle of the Armenian genocide's impact on his family's hellish life forces us to reexamine what we do not know about our pasts and the causes and consequences of our ignorance. Through this remarkable account, Harootunian refuses to let his family die twice.” -- Irene Silverblatt, Professor of Cultural Anthropology History, Duke University“The Unspoken as Heritage is a brave text offering something we all need: the recognition that a heritage shaped by catastrophe lingers, even thrives, in the unspoken and the everyday, rather than in the grand narratives of History. Harry Harootunian accounts for the unaccounted in the future tense, asking what should become of us as we live on in the wake of loss, rather than in the past tense of nationalist restoration. The rich and textured scraps of his parents lives, organized by ineradicable silence, here count for something potent: not the evidentiary, but the imaginative; not the exceptional, but the expectant.” -- David Kazanjian, Professor of English and Comparative Literature, University of Pennsylvania"Elegantly written and intriguingly structured. . . For readers interested in the problem of genocide, in the silence of survivors, and in second-generation immigrants, The Unspoken as Heritage offers richly rewarding reflections from the point of view of someone who has confronted unanswered questions that have lingered from his childhood." -- Werner Sollors * Critical Inquiry *“Harry Harootunian has authored a timely and thought-provoking book on the Armenian Genocide. The Unspoken as Heritage strikes a balance between the facts of the historical events and the author’s own personal journey to comprehend the full and complete tragedy that tore to shards his parents’ lives.” -- Barbara Erysian * Canadian Journal of History *“Professor Harootunian has managed to produce a book of profound depth and beauty. It is equal parts a personal memoir, a sociological examination of the Armenian Genocide and its often-unexamined psychological effects on survivors and their children, and a meditation of what it is to be a second-generation immigrant in a country ensconced in mythic self-glorification.” -- Artyom H. Tonoyan * Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies *“[The Unspoken as Heritage] is very rich and flows smoothly.... Harootunian’s study about his own family (as a singular case) sheds light upon what happened to the Armenians who ran away from the Ottoman Empire in the beginning of the twentieth century (as a collective process).” -- Pedro Bogossian-Porto * Ethnic and Racial Studies *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix 1. The Unrealized Everyday: By Way of an Introduction 1 2. Unnoticed Lives/Unanswered Questions 17 3. Traces of a Vanished Everyday 37 4. History's Interruption: Dispossession and Genocide 87 5. House of Strangers/Diminished Lives 114 Epilogue. Returning to Ani 149 Notes 161 Bibliography 171 Index 175

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Book SynopsisThis gorgeously illustrated graphic novel draws on archival sources and survivor testimonies to shed light on the 1945 massacre in Tivari.Table of ContentsIntroduction Prologue Çubrel Prizren Shkodra Tivari Notes

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Book SynopsisMichael Barnett, who worked at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations from 1993 to 1994, covered Rwanda for much of the genocide. Based on his first-hand expeiences, archival work, and interviews with many key participants, he reconstructs the history of the UN''s involvement in Rwanda. Barnett''s new Afterword to this edition includes his reaction to documents released on the twentieth anniversary of the genocide. He reflects on what the passage of time has told us about what provoked the genocide, its course, and the implications of the ghastly events of 1994 and the grossly inadequate international reactions to them.Trade ReviewMichael Barnett offers a chilling exploration of why the UN froze while about 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu moderates were hacked to death in Rwanda in 1994. * ECONOMIST *Barnett's book is a must-read for anyone concerned with the role that international institutions play in crafting a more peaceful world order. * VIRGINIA QUARTERLY REVIEW *Eyewitness to a Genocide is a searching and nuanced moral analysis. * PUBLISHERS WEEKLY *

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Book SynopsisIn Killing Others, Matthew Lange explores why humans ruthlessly attack and kill people from other ethnic communities. Drawing on an array of cases from around the world and insight from a variety of disciplines, Lange provides a simple yet powerful explanation that pinpoints the influential role of modernity in the growing global prevalence of ethnic violence over the past two hundred years. He offers evidence that a modern ethnic mind-set is the ultimate and most influential cause of ethnic violence.Throughout most of human history, people perceived and valued small sets of known acquaintances and did not identify with ethnicities. Through education, state policy, and other means, modernity ultimately created broad ethnic consciousnesses that led to emotional prejudice, whereby people focus negative emotions on entire ethnic categories, and ethnic obligation, which pushes people to attack Others for the sake of their ethnicity. Modern social transformations also provided a vTrade Review"This theoretically rich, well-illustrated, and engagingly written book is based on sound empirical evidence. It is a must-read for anybody interested in the study of violent conflicts and cultural difference." -- Siniša Malešević, University College Dublin, author of The Sociology of War and Violence"Killing Others is a bold and powerful book that restates the modernist approach to ethnicity and violence with renewed clarity and rigor." -- Andreas Wimmer, Columbia University, author of Waves of War: Nationalism, State Formation, and Ethnic Exclusion in the Modern WorldTable of ContentsIntroduction: Killing Others1. The Nature and Nurture of Ethnic Violence2. Modernity and Ethnic Violence3. Teaching Peace or Violence?4. The Origins of Ethnic Consciousness5. The Origins of Ethnic Pluralism6. Emotional Prejudice and Ethnic Obligations: Motives of Ethnic Violence7. States and Ethnic Violence: Containing Violence or Instigating Unrest?8. From Worst to First: Declining Ethnic Violence in Early Modernizers9. Modernity and Ethnic Violence in Africa, Asia, and Latin America10. The Future of Ethnic Violence

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Book SynopsisThe Moral Witness is the first cultural history of the witness to genocide in the West. Carolyn J. Dean shows how the witness became a protagonist of twentieth-century moral culture by tracing the emergence of this figure in courtroom battles from the 1920s to the 1960scovering the Armenian genocide, the Ukrainian pogroms, the Soviet Gulag, and the trial of Adolf Eichmann. In these trials, witness testimonies differentiated the crime of genocide from war crimes and began to form our understanding of modern political and cultural murder.By the turn of the twentieth century, the witness to genocide became a pervasive icon of suffering humanity and a symbol of western moral conscience. Dean sheds new light on the recent global focus on survivors'' trauma. Only by placing the moral witness in a longer historical trajectory, she demonstrates, can we understand how the stories we tell about survivor testimony have shaped both our past and contemporary moral culture.Trade ReviewDean has provided a sophisticated and nuanced analysis of the emergence of "the witness" as a moral symbol and pervasive icon of suffering and surviving genocide and mass atrocities.... The book will be valuable to students and scholars who study genocide, testimony, victimhood, and social and cultural trauma in the aftermath of mass atrocities. * Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books *Carolyn Dean traces the paths by which victims, survivors, and witnesses of mass atrocities moved from the culture's sidelines to its moral center... convincingly show[ing] that the figure of the witness has become the barometer of moral consciousness across the West.... [Its] global lens and longue durée perspective have considerable value. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Carolyn Dean's painstakingly researched, rigorously argued reconstruction of the cultural icon of the moral witness exemplifies the ascendant genre of the succinct, historical essay-book. * Journal of Modern History *

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Book SynopsisIn Drunk on Genocide, Edward B. Westermann reveals how, over the course of the Third Reich, scenes involving alcohol consumption and revelry among the SS and police became a routine part of rituals of humiliation in the camps, ghettos, and killing fields of Eastern Europe. Westermann draws on a vast range of newly unearthed material to explore how alcohol consumption served as a literal and metaphorical lubricant for mass murder. It facilitated performative masculinity, expressly linked to physical or sexual violence. Such inebriated exhibitions extended from meetings of top Nazi officials to the rank and file, celebrating at the grave sites of their victims. Westermann argues that, contrary to the common misconception of the SS and police as stone-cold killers, they were, in fact, intoxicated with the act of murder itself. Drunk on Genocide highlights the intersections of masculinity, drinking ritual, sexual violence, and mass murderTrade ReviewEdward B. Westermann has now produced a book that pays tribute to all strands of research while, at the same time, highlighting an element that will need to be included in all future considerations: the stimulation of the murderers through alcohol. * American Historical Review *Drunk on Genocide is an essential read, and one that offers considerable insights into the intimate relationship between ritualized intoxication, cults of masculinity, ideological antisemitism, and the mass murders in the bloodlands of the east. * EuropeNow *Westermann uses a wide variety of primary sources ranging from photos to diaries to interviews to understand the behaviors and beliefs of perpetrators. It is a remarkably challenging book to read. But a necessary one. * New Books Network *[Ed Westermann's work provides an invaluable insight into the mindset and mentality of the everyday executioners of the racial war in the east. * German History *Drawing on several decades of research into Nazi police battalions and comparative genocide, Westermann employs social, anthropological, and gender theories to create a framework that effectively analyzes the relationship between alcohol and mass murder. * Journal of Military History *Drunk on Genocide is a important and terryfing book that tackles a persistent question in the study of the Holocaust and World War II: how was it possible that the Germans killed so many people and behaved so brutally in the Soviet territory they invaded and occupied? * Slavic Review *Westermann's work is incredibly thoroughly researched with a rich amount of survivor testimony that gives voice to the victims. Drunk on Genocide is a compelling work with a well-researched argument. * The Middle Ground Journal *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Alcohol and the Masculine Ideal 2. Rituals of Humiliation 3. Taking Trophies and Hunting Jews 4. Alcohol and Sexual Violence 5. Celebrating Murder 6. Alcohol, Auxiliaries, and Mass Murder 7. Alcohol and the German Army Conclusion

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Book SynopsisHypocrisy and Human Rights examines what human rights pressure does when it does not work. Repressive states with absolutely no intention of complying with their human rights obligations often change course dramatically in response to international pressure. They create toothless commissions, permit but then obstruct international observers'' visits, and pass showpiece legislation while simultaneously bolstering their repressive capacity. Covering debates over transitional justice in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other countries, Kate Cronin-Furman investigates the diverse ways in which repressive states respond to calls for justice from human rights advocates, UN officials, and Western governments who add their voices to the victims of mass atrocities to demand accountability. She argues that although international pressure cannot elicit compliance in the absence of domestic motivations to comply, the complexity of tTrade ReviewNonetheless, the book is otherwise a concise yet comprehensive account of how states respond to international pressure when creating justice mechanisms. CroninFurman's analysis is an essential read for anyone wanting to understand both how human rights advocacy works and how civil society organizations should engage on the international stage when they seek to pressure governments to restore and preserve human rights. * International Affairs Book Reviews *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Politics of Pressure 2. The Obligation to Seek Justice 3. Victims and Perpetrators 4. What Happens after Mass Atrocities 5. Doing Just Enough? 6. Choosing your Audience Conclusion

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Book SynopsisPolitics, Violence, Memory highlights important new social scientific research on the Holocaust and initiates the integration of the Holocaust into mainstream social scientific research in a way that will be useful both for social scientists and historians. Until recently social scientists largely ignored the Holocaust despite the centrality of these tragic events to many of their own concepts and theories. In Politics, Violence, Memory the editors bring together contributions to understanding the Holocaust from a variety of disciplines, including political science, sociology, demography, and public health. The chapters examine the sources and measurement of antisemitism; explanations for collaboration, rescue, and survival; competing accounts of neighbor-on-neighbor violence; and the legacies of the Holocaust in contemporary Europe. Politics, Violence, Memory brings new data to bear on these important concerns and shows how older data can bTable of ContentsIntroduction: A Response Delayed 1. Can – Or Should – There Be a Political Science of the Holocaust? 2. Histories in Motion: The Holocaust, Social Science Research, and the Historian Part I: Sites of Violence 3. Pogrom Violence and Visibility during the Kristallnacht Pogrom 4. Historical Legacies and Jewish Survival Strategies during the Holocaust 5. A Common History of Violence? The Pogroms of Summer 1941 in Comparative Perspective 6. Mass Violence without Mass Politics: Political Culture and the Holocaust in Lithuania Part II: New Uses for Old Data on Antisemitism and the Holocaust 7. Territorial Loss and Xenophobia in the Weimar Republic: Evidence from Jewish Bogeymen in Children's Stories 8. Defeating Typhus in the Warsaw Ghetto: A Scientific Look at Historical Sources 9. Holocaust Survival among Immigrant Jews in the Netherlands: A Life Course Approach 10. Normalizing Violence: How Catholic Bishops Facilitated Vichy's Violence against Jews 11. Using the Yad Vashem Transport Database to Examine Gender and Selection during the Holocaust 12. Addressing the Missing Voices in Holocaust Testimony Part III: Legacies of the Holocaust 13. Remembering Past Atrocities: Good or Bad for Attitudes toward Minorities? 14. Legitimating Myths and the Holocaust in Postsocialist States 15. The International Relations of Holocaust Memory Conclusion: From the Micro to the Macro

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Book SynopsisIn To Save Heaven and Earth, Jennie E. Burnet considers people who risked their lives in the 1994 Rwandan genocide of Tutsi to try and save those targeted for killing. Many genocide perpetrators were not motivated by political ideology, ethnic hatred, or prejudice. By shifting away from these classic typologies of genocide studies and focusing instead on hundreds of thousands of discrete acts that unfold over time, Burnet highlights the ways that complex decisions and behaviors emerge in the social, political, and economic processes that constitute a genocide.To Save Heaven and Earth explores external factors, such as geography, local power dynamics, and genocide timelines, as well as the internal states of mind and motivations of those who effected rescues. Framed within the interdisciplinary scholarship of genocide studies and rooted in cultural anthropology methodologies, this book presents stories of heroism and of the good done amid theTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Dynamics of Violence in the Gray Zone 2. Agency and Morality in the Gray Zone 3. Muslim Exceptionalism and Genocide 4. Resistance, Rescue, and Religion 5. The Border as Salvation and Snare 6. At the Margins of the State 7. Altruism, Agency, and Martyrdom in the Gray Zone Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIn To Save Heaven and Earth, Jennie E. Burnet considers people who risked their lives in the 1994 Rwandan genocide of Tutsi to try and save those targeted for killing. Many genocide perpetrators were not motivated by political ideology, ethnic hatred, or prejudice. By shifting away from these classic typologies of genocide studies and focusing instead on hundreds of thousands of discrete acts that unfold over time, Burnet highlights the ways that complex decisions and behaviors emerge in the social, political, and economic processes that constitute a genocide.To Save Heaven and Earth explores external factors, such as geography, local power dynamics, and genocide timelines, as well as the internal states of mind and motivations of those who effected rescues. Framed within the interdisciplinary scholarship of genocide studies and rooted in cultural anthropology methodologies, this book presents stories of heroism and of the good done amid theTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Dynamics of Violence in the Gray Zone 2. Agency and Morality in the Gray Zone 3. Muslim Exceptionalism and Genocide 4. Resistance, Rescue, and Religion 5. The Border as Salvation and Snare 6. At the Margins of the State 7. Altruism, Agency, and Martyrdom in the Gray Zone Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIn Infrastructures of Impunity Elizabeth F. Drexler argues that the creation and persistence of impunity for the perpetrators of the Cold War Indonesian genocide (196566) is not only a legal status but also a cultural and social process. Impunity for the initial killings and for subsequent acts of political violence has many elements: bureaucratic, military, legal, political, educational, and affective. Although these elements do not always work at onceat times some are dormant while others are ascendanttogether they can be described as a unified entity, a dynamic infrastructure, whose existence explains the persistence of impunity. For instance, truth telling, a first step in many responses to state violence, did not undermine the infrastructure but instead bent to it. Creative and artistic responses to revelations about the past, however, have begun to undermine the infrastructure by countering its temporality, affect, and social stigmatization and demo

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Book SynopsisIn Infrastructures of Impunity Elizabeth F. Drexler argues that the creation and persistence of impunity for the perpetrators of the Cold War Indonesian genocide (196566) is not only a legal status but also a cultural and social process. Impunity for the initial killings and for subsequent acts of political violence has many elements: bureaucratic, military, legal, political, educational, and affective. Although these elements do not always work at onceat times some are dormant while others are ascendanttogether they can be described as a unified entity, a dynamic infrastructure, whose existence explains the persistence of impunity. For instance, truth telling, a first step in many responses to state violence, did not undermine the infrastructure but instead bent to it. Creative and artistic responses to revelations about the past, however, have begun to undermine the infrastructure by countering its temporality, affect, and social stigmatization and demo

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Book SynopsisA powerful examination of soulful journeys made to recover memory and recuperate stolen pasts in the face of unspeakable histories. Survivors of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 took refuge across the globe. Traumatized by unspeakable brutalities, the idea of returning to their homeland was unthinkable. But decades later, some children and grandchildren felt compelled to travel back, having heard stories of family wholeness in beloved homes and of cherished ancestral towns and villages once in Ottoman Armenia, today in the Republic of Turkey. Hoping to satisfy spiritual yearnings, this new generation called themselves pilgrims—and their journeys, pilgrimages. Carel Bertram joined scores of these pilgrims on over a dozen pilgrimages, and amassed accounts from hundreds more who made these journeys. In telling their stories, A House in the Homeland documents how pilgrims encountered the ancestral house, village, or town as both real and metaphorical centerpieces of family history. Bertram recounts the moving, restorative connections pilgrims made, and illuminates how the ancestral house, as a spiritual place, offers an opening to a wellspring of humanity in sites that might otherwise be defined solely by tragic loss. As an exploration of the powerful links between memory and place, house and homeland, rupture and continuity, these Armenian stories reflect the resilience of diaspora in the face of the savage reaches of trauma, separation, and exile in ways that each of us, whatever our history, can recognize.Trade Review"Original and engrossing, A House in the Homeland relates individual experiences that resonate with universal themes of family, trauma, and home. Carel Bertram's gifts of empathy and storytelling make for a book that is at once heartbreaking and inspiring. Essential for anyone interested in place, memory, and mass violence."—Heghnar Watenpaugh, author of The Missing Pages"Carel Bertram's engrossing and well-researched story of Armenian pilgrimages is of universal importance, resonating with all of us searching for our own personal history and our place within it. This book is not just important to Armenians, but valuable to anyone interested in understanding where their family comes from."—Esther Safran Foer, author of I Want You to Know We're Still Here"Deeply knowledgeable about memory, trauma, pilgrimage, and the sacred, Carel Bertram offers both scholarly expertise and an eloquent, moving narrative. A House in the Homeland illuminates the mutually transformative links between the lost pre-Genocide homes and current homelands of Armenian pilgrims. A truly wonderful book."—Khachig Tölölyan, founding editor of Diaspora"A House in the Homeland speaks to a pressing concern for many Armenians: How to sustain memory of an event that is difficult to trace on its landscape, and which is officially denied by its perpetrator. Bertram has shown that the gap between historical fact and material evidence can be spanned by memorialization and pilgrimage, by witness and dialogue, and for her interlocutors, by keeping their ancestors alive through their family memory-stories."—Aram G. Sarkisian, Material Religion"A House in the Homeland is a remarkable book that offers a unique insight into the thoughts, feelings and deeds of the Armenian genocide survivors and their descendants – the people who have lived their lives in the shade of tragic events that more than a century ago changed the course of Armenian history. Bertram tells a passionate story that engages a reader emotionally as well as intellectually. Skillfully written, her work is highly informative but, at the same time, leaves a reader wanting more – more precious stories of human courage, perseverance, search for meaning and the power of memory."—Konrad Siekierski, Memory Studies"This moving ethnographic study documents Armenian Americans' pilgrimages to eastern Turkey to visit the sites where their ancestors experienced the traumas of the 1915 genocide by Turkish authorities and the related attempts to erase Armenian identity from Turkish society....Including histories, songs, poetry, literature, and personal memories—many originally in Armenian, Kurdish, and Turkish—this enthralling book shares these travelers' stories as they explore their 'Armenian-ness'.... Highly recommended."—V. Clement, CHOICETable of ContentsIntroduction: Where Memory Takes Place 1. The Family Mansion 2. An Erased Village and an Inhabited House 3. The House and Its Sacred Geography 4. Music as Sacred Memory and the Intrusion of the Profane 5. The House-Place and Memory-Stories 6. The Emergence of Rituals 7. Relics: Engaging the Spirits 8. Communion: A Unification of Souls 9. Sacred and Profane: A Poetic Encounter 10. Votives: For Reaching Home 11. Votives: For the Restoration of Something Lost 12. Ex-Votos: Gratitude 13. Shrines: Making Visible the Invisible 14. Blessings: At My Father's House 15. Homeland Music Performs the Village 16. Village Music Performs the Homeland 17. The Bus: Traveling Through a Trauma-scape 18. The Bus: Traveling as Wholeness 19. What Remains: "The Last Armenian" 20. What Remains: Armenians "Everywhere" 21. What Remains: A Homeland of Mirrors Conclusion: Conclusion: Ethnography as Methodology; Poetry as an Analytical Framework

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Book SynopsisA powerful examination of soulful journeys made to recover memory and recuperate stolen pasts in the face of unspeakable histories. Survivors of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 took refuge across the globe. Traumatized by unspeakable brutalities, the idea of returning to their homeland was unthinkable. But decades later, some children and grandchildren felt compelled to travel back, having heard stories of family wholeness in beloved homes and of cherished ancestral towns and villages once in Ottoman Armenia, today in the Republic of Turkey. Hoping to satisfy spiritual yearnings, this new generation called themselves pilgrims—and their journeys, pilgrimages. Carel Bertram joined scores of these pilgrims on over a dozen pilgrimages, and amassed accounts from hundreds more who made these journeys. In telling their stories, A House in the Homeland documents how pilgrims encountered the ancestral house, village, or town as both real and metaphorical centerpieces of family history. Bertram recounts the moving, restorative connections pilgrims made, and illuminates how the ancestral house, as a spiritual place, offers an opening to a wellspring of humanity in sites that might otherwise be defined solely by tragic loss. As an exploration of the powerful links between memory and place, house and homeland, rupture and continuity, these Armenian stories reflect the resilience of diaspora in the face of the savage reaches of trauma, separation, and exile in ways that each of us, whatever our history, can recognize.Trade Review"Original and engrossing, A House in the Homeland relates individual experiences that resonate with universal themes of family, trauma, and home. Carel Bertram's gifts of empathy and storytelling make for a book that is at once heartbreaking and inspiring. Essential for anyone interested in place, memory, and mass violence."—Heghnar Watenpaugh, author of The Missing Pages"Carel Bertram's engrossing and well-researched story of Armenian pilgrimages is of universal importance, resonating with all of us searching for our own personal history and our place within it. This book is not just important to Armenians, but valuable to anyone interested in understanding where their family comes from."—Esther Safran Foer, author of I Want You to Know We're Still Here"Deeply knowledgeable about memory, trauma, pilgrimage, and the sacred, Carel Bertram offers both scholarly expertise and an eloquent, moving narrative. A House in the Homeland illuminates the mutually transformative links between the lost pre-Genocide homes and current homelands of Armenian pilgrims. A truly wonderful book."—Khachig Tölölyan, founding editor of Diaspora"A House in the Homeland speaks to a pressing concern for many Armenians: How to sustain memory of an event that is difficult to trace on its landscape, and which is officially denied by its perpetrator. Bertram has shown that the gap between historical fact and material evidence can be spanned by memorialization and pilgrimage, by witness and dialogue, and for her interlocutors, by keeping their ancestors alive through their family memory-stories."—Aram G. Sarkisian, Material Religion"A House in the Homeland is a remarkable book that offers a unique insight into the thoughts, feelings and deeds of the Armenian genocide survivors and their descendants – the people who have lived their lives in the shade of tragic events that more than a century ago changed the course of Armenian history. Bertram tells a passionate story that engages a reader emotionally as well as intellectually. Skillfully written, her work is highly informative but, at the same time, leaves a reader wanting more – more precious stories of human courage, perseverance, search for meaning and the power of memory."—Konrad Siekierski, Memory Studies"This moving ethnographic study documents Armenian Americans' pilgrimages to eastern Turkey to visit the sites where their ancestors experienced the traumas of the 1915 genocide by Turkish authorities and the related attempts to erase Armenian identity from Turkish society....Including histories, songs, poetry, literature, and personal memories—many originally in Armenian, Kurdish, and Turkish—this enthralling book shares these travelers' stories as they explore their 'Armenian-ness'.... Highly recommended."—V. Clement, CHOICETable of ContentsIntroduction: Where Memory Takes Place 1. The Family Mansion 2. An Erased Village and an Inhabited House 3. The House and Its Sacred Geography 4. Music as Sacred Memory and the Intrusion of the Profane 5. The House-Place and Memory-Stories 6. The Emergence of Rituals 7. Relics: Engaging the Spirits 8. Communion: A Unification of Souls 9. Sacred and Profane: A Poetic Encounter 10. Votives: For Reaching Home 11. Votives: For the Restoration of Something Lost 12. Ex-Votos: Gratitude 13. Shrines: Making Visible the Invisible 14. Blessings: At My Father's House 15. Homeland Music Performs the Village 16. Village Music Performs the Homeland 17. The Bus: Traveling Through a Trauma-scape 18. The Bus: Traveling as Wholeness 19. What Remains: "The Last Armenian" 20. What Remains: Armenians "Everywhere" 21. What Remains: A Homeland of Mirrors Conclusion: Conclusion: Ethnography as Methodology; Poetry as an Analytical Framework

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Book SynopsisSasun, a region of Anatolia formerly under Ottoman rule and today part of eastern Turkey, is frequently described as the site where, in 1894, the Turks massacred large numbers of Armenian Christians, with estimates ranging from 3,000 to 10,000 people. News reports at the time detailed that gruesome acts, including torture, had occurred at Sasun at the hands of the Ottoman army. The Ottoman Empire denied these allegations. A commission of European delegates sent to investigate the matter concluded that the news reports were highly exaggerated, yet the original stories of atrocities have persisted. This volume provides a close examination of the historical evidence to shed light on what happened at Sasun. The authors’ research indicates that the stories circulated by the media of torture and murder in Sasun don’t hold up against the findings of the European investigators. Evidence instead shows that an Armenian revolt led to fights with local Kurds and many fewer deaths, on both sides, and that the conflict had largely subsided before the arrival of the Ottoman army.Trade Review"The book is a serious, scholarly endeavor that…will be very useful for the scholars and public interested in Ottoman history, the Armenian problem and relations between different ethnic and religious groups. It stands above existing books dealing with the Sasun incident and similar events."—Kemal H. Karpat, Emeritus Professor of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison and author of The Politicization of Islam and The Ottoman Past and Today's Turkey

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Book SynopsisTerrortimes, Terrorscapes: Continuities of Space, Time, and Memory in Twentieth-Century War and Genocide investigates interconnections between space and violence throughout the twentieth century, and how such connections informed collective memory. The interdisciplinary volume shows how entangled notions of time and space amplified by memory narratives led to continuities of violence across different conflicts creating "terrortimes" and "terrorscapes" in their wake. The volume examines such continuities of violence with the help of an analytical framework built around different themes. Its first part, spatial and temporal continuities of violence, looks at contested spaces and ideas of national, ethnic, or religious homogeneity that are often at the heart of prolonged conflicts. The second part, on states and actors, addresses the role of states as enablers of violence, asymmetric power dynamics, and the connection between imperialism and genocide in Africa. Imagination and emotion—the focus of the third part—explores utopian visions and their limits that instigate or hinder, and the mobilization of emotion through propaganda. Finally, the fourth part shows how the recollection of the past sometimes triggers new terrortimes. Departing from an understanding of violence limited to certain areas and time frames, this volume describes continuities of violence as overlapping fabrics woven together from notions of space, time, and memory.Table of Contents List of Figures Introduction. Terrortimes and Terrorscapes? Rethinking Continuities of Space, Time, and Memory, by Volker Benkert and Michael Mayer Part 1. Spatial and Temporal Continuities 1. Contested Spaces: Criminalization of Marginalized Communities in Former Habsburg Lands in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: The Case Study of Austrian Zigeuner ("Gypsies"), by Ursula K. Mindler-Steiner 2. Space and Ideas of National, Ethnic, or Religious Homogeneity: Polish and German Jewish Survivors in the Recovered Territories in Post – World War II Poland, by Anna Cichopek-Gajraj Part 2. States and Actors 3. States as Contributors to or Enablers of Violence: Colonial Thinking Is Still with Us: Investigating the Colonial Record on the Occupation of Jambi and Rengat (1948 – 49) in the Indonesian War of Independence, by Bart Luttikhuis 4. Asymmetric Power Relations: Jihad Made in Germany? Creating Terrorscapes through German Undercover Intelligence Operations against Britain and Russia in Afghanistan, India, and Persia during the First World War: An Entangled History of Violence, by Michael Mayer 5. Third-Party Actors and the Question of Genocide: Imperialism and the Question of Genocide in Colonial-Era Africa, by Jason Bruner Part 3. Imagination and Emotions 6. Utopian Ideologies and Their Limits: Private Lives in Wartime France: Desertion, Divorce, and Deprivation, by Rachel G. Fuchs 7. Emotion, Hope, Fear, and Belonging : Soviet Wartime Jazz: Propaganda and Popular Culture on the Eastern Front, by Benjamin Beresford Part 4. Memory Continuities 8. Crafting the History of Terrortimes 1: Manufactured Memory: Crafting the Cult of the Great Patriotic War, by Yan Mann 9. Crafting the History of Terrortimes 2: Compartmentalized Memory: Coming to Terms with the Nazi Past and the Discourse on German Sufferings at the Turn of the Millennium, by Volker Benkert 10. Terrortimes in Transnational Perspective 1: Between National and European Memory? About Temporal and Spatial (Dis)Continuities in Post-1989 Dutch Memory Culture, by Ilse Raaijmakers 11. Terrortimes in Transnational Perspective 2: Remembering the Holocaust: Opportunities and Challenges, by Georgi Verbeeck Epilogue. The Yardstick of History and the Measure of Redemption: Difficult Pasts in the United States and Germany Today, by Volker Benkert About the Contributors

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Book SynopsisTerrortimes, Terrorscapes: Continuities of Space, Time, and Memory in Twentieth-Century War and Genocide investigates interconnections between space and violence throughout the twentieth century, and how such connections informed collective memory. The interdisciplinary volume shows how entangled notions of time and space amplified by memory narratives led to continuities of violence across different conflicts creating "terrortimes" and "terrorscapes" in their wake. The volume examines such continuities of violence with the help of an analytical framework built around different themes. Its first part, spatial and temporal continuities of violence, looks at contested spaces and ideas of national, ethnic, or religious homogeneity that are often at the heart of prolonged conflicts. The second part, on states and actors, addresses the role of states as enablers of violence, asymmetric power dynamics, and the connection between imperialism and genocide in Africa. Imagination and emotion—the focus of the third part—explores utopian visions and their limits that instigate or hinder, and the mobilization of emotion through propaganda. Finally, the fourth part shows how the recollection of the past sometimes triggers new terrortimes. Departing from an understanding of violence limited to certain areas and time frames, this volume describes continuities of violence as overlapping fabrics woven together from notions of space, time, and memory.Table of Contents List of Figures Introduction. Terrortimes and Terrorscapes? Rethinking Continuities of Space, Time, and Memory, by Volker Benkert and Michael Mayer Part 1. Spatial and Temporal Continuities 1. Contested Spaces: Criminalization of Marginalized Communities in Former Habsburg Lands in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: The Case Study of Austrian Zigeuner ("Gypsies"), by Ursula K. Mindler-Steiner 2. Space and Ideas of National, Ethnic, or Religious Homogeneity: Polish and German Jewish Survivors in the Recovered Territories in Post – World War II Poland, by Anna Cichopek-Gajraj Part 2. States and Actors 3. States as Contributors to or Enablers of Violence: Colonial Thinking Is Still with Us: Investigating the Colonial Record on the Occupation of Jambi and Rengat (1948 – 49) in the Indonesian War of Independence, by Bart Luttikhuis 4. Asymmetric Power Relations: Jihad Made in Germany? Creating Terrorscapes through German Undercover Intelligence Operations against Britain and Russia in Afghanistan, India, and Persia during the First World War: An Entangled History of Violence, by Michael Mayer 5. Third-Party Actors and the Question of Genocide: Imperialism and the Question of Genocide in Colonial-Era Africa, by Jason Bruner Part 3. Imagination and Emotions 6. Utopian Ideologies and Their Limits: Private Lives in Wartime France: Desertion, Divorce, and Deprivation, by Rachel G. Fuchs 7. Emotion, Hope, Fear, and Belonging : Soviet Wartime Jazz: Propaganda and Popular Culture on the Eastern Front, by Benjamin Beresford Part 4. Memory Continuities 8. Crafting the History of Terrortimes 1: Manufactured Memory: Crafting the Cult of the Great Patriotic War, by Yan Mann 9. Crafting the History of Terrortimes 2: Compartmentalized Memory: Coming to Terms with the Nazi Past and the Discourse on German Sufferings at the Turn of the Millennium, by Volker Benkert 10. Terrortimes in Transnational Perspective 1: Between National and European Memory? About Temporal and Spatial (Dis)Continuities in Post-1989 Dutch Memory Culture, by Ilse Raaijmakers 11. Terrortimes in Transnational Perspective 2: Remembering the Holocaust: Opportunities and Challenges, by Georgi Verbeeck Epilogue. The Yardstick of History and the Measure of Redemption: Difficult Pasts in the United States and Germany Today, by Volker Benkert About the Contributors

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Book SynopsisDemonstrates the power of art in the service of healing Healing from Genocide in Rwanda demonstrates the power of art in the service of healing, and is a testimony to responsive community process in a highly sensitive environment. The work immerses readers in the stories of two Rwandans who as small children experienced the 1994 Genocide. It tells of the horrific tragedy each survived, the courage necessary for surviving, and the humanity they embody. Their stories are framed by two chapters chronicling the transformation, in the Rugerero Survivors’ Village, of a concrete burial slab into a powerful Genocide Memorial with its bone chamber, designed by artist Lily Yeh and built by the villagers. The book is not limited to the literature of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, but belongs to the world as part of the collective human experience. It evokes its world through images (photographs, drawings, paintings, pattern, and color) as well as words. The text itself is visually choreographed. The work draws from Lily Yeh’s multifaceted Rwandan Healing Project under the auspices of Barefoot Artists, a project that included, among other things, drawing and storytelling workshops. Susan Viguers conceived and designed the book, incorporating drawings and paintings by Lily Yeh.Trade Review"In a new book, artist and coauthor Lily Yeh brings the transformational power of art to a very dark place." -- JoAnn Greco, The Pennsylvania Gazette"Healing from Genocide in Rwanda is a major contribution to the growing literature on genocide. Its profoundly moving account of the horror of genocide and the complexity of healing make it of considerable use to all those invested in human rights." -- Gail Daneker, human rights activist"This is a book of two children’s stories of survival. It is not a book for children. It’s a book for adults about the depravity of adults. A horrifying book. And yet an exquisitely beautiful book, a book honoring the truth of genocide and the use of story and art to heal. Governments promise never again and look the other way; Lily Yeh and Susan Viguers give us the gift of extraordinary seeing and caring – without which genocides continue." -- Robert Shetterly, artist and author of Portraits of Racial Justice: Americans Who Tell the Truth

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Book SynopsisThe Disappeared tells the extraordinary saga of Argentina’s attempt to right the wrongs of an unspeakably dark past. Using a recent human rights trial as his lens, Sam Ferguson addresses two central questions of our age: How is mass atrocity possible, and What should be done in its wake? From 1976 to 1983 thousands of people were the victims of state terrorism during Argentina’s so-called Dirty War. Ferguson recounts a twenty-two-month trial of the most notorious perpetrators of this atrocity, who ran a secret prison from the Naval Mechanics School in Buenos Aires. The navy executed as many as five thousand political “subversives,” most of whom were sedated and thrown alive out of airplanes into the South Atlantic. The victims of these secret death flights and others who went missing during the regime are known as los desaparecidos—“the disappeared.” Ferguson explores Argentina’s novel response to mass atrocity: the country’s remarkable and controversial decisions in 2003 to repeal a series of amnesty laws passed in the 1980s and to prosecute anew the perpetrators of the Dirty War a generation after the collapse of the country's last dictatorship. As of 2022 more than one thousand aging military officers have been indicted for their involvement in the Dirty War and hundreds of trials have commenced in the country’s civilian courts. Among the many facets of the book, Ferguson takes an in-depth look at allegations that Father Jorge Mario Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, was involved in the disappearance of two Jesuit priests under his supervision in 1976. Bergoglio was called to testify in a closed-chambers session. Ferguson reviewed those secret proceedings and uses them as a springboard to explore the Argentine Catholic Church and its broader role in the Dirty War. The lingering but acute trauma of the victims who testified at the trial underscores the moral urgency of accountability. When a state strips its citizens of all their rights, the only response that approximates reparation is to restore the rule of law and punish the perpetrators. Yet the trial also revealed the limits of using criminal law to respond to mass atrocity. Justice demands a laser-like focus on evidence relevant to a crime, but atrocity begs for social understanding. Can the law ever bring full justice? Trade Review“With the eye of a novelist and the brilliance of a lawyer, Sam Ferguson has given us a gripping and world-illuminating account of Argentina’s relentless and almost heroic attempt to confront the horrors of its past.”—Owen Fiss, Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law, Yale Law School“Sam Ferguson’s book tells the remarkable saga of this twenty-two-month trial and the larger story of how and why Argentina is prosecuting its aging Dirty Warriors. It wrestles with the deepest questions of whether law can do justice for the past. This is an important and timely book that should be read by all of those who are interested in fostering international human rights and promoting democracy—and a reminder that societies never really turn the page on the past.”—Tina Rosenberg, Pulitzer Prize– and National Book Award–winning author of The Haunted: Facing Europe’s Ghosts after Communism“In The Disappeared Sam Ferguson asks an urgent moral question: what does justice look like in the aftermath of atrocity? If that question remains an abstraction in too many places around the world, Ferguson addresses it concretely—and unforgettably—in this riveting new account. . . . In Ferguson’s hands you’ll feel as if you, too, are sitting in the repurposed movie theater with the faded pink drapes in 2009, watching an important political spectacle commence. But The Disappeared also offers a clear-eyed assessment of the limits of the law and the kinds of collective heartbreak it is not equipped to heal.”—Sarah Stillman, staff writer for the New Yorker“The true birth of the contemporary human rights movement can be traced not to Nuremberg or even to Auschwitz but to the dark recesses of the Naval Mechanics School in Buenos Aires. . . . [The Disappeared] is a gripping narrative; Sam Ferguson has written a fascinating, painstaking, and necessary book. Anyone who cares about human rights—or indeed the human condition—must read it.”—Mark Danner, author of The Massacre at El Mozote“Can there ever be justice for Latin America’s disappeared? This remarkable book analyzes the question through the prism of Argentina’s contemporary crimes against humanity trials for atrocities committed during its so-called ‘Dirty War’ of the 1970s and the possibility of delayed justice. As a lawyer and observer, Ferguson presents a keen understanding in this nuanced and highly readable account. . . . Through [Ferguson’s] interviews, comprehensive research, and first-hand observations, a lucid narrative emerges here: Argentina has imagined and created a better future through the trials by opening up its dark past. Argentina has achieved a level of self-reflection and judgment that tragically remains largely exceptional among nations. Given the rise of authoritarianism around the world, this is hugely necessary and riveting reading for students, academics, and political analysts alike.”—Ruti G. Teitel, Ernst C. Stiefel Professor of Comparative Law at New York Law School and author of Globalizing Transitional JusticeTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction One: A Beginning of Sorts Two: The Argentine Enigma Three: The Prosecution's Case Four: Opening Silence Five: Trials Before the Trial Six: The Brutality of the ESMA Seven: Rodolfo Walsh Eight: The Santa Cruz Raid Nine: Between Memory, Truth and Justice Ten: The Jesuits Eleven: Closing Arguments and Verdict Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFrom Hope to Horror is Joyce E. Leader's eyewitness account of the struggle for democracy and peace in Rwanda during the early 1990s and the failed diplomatic efforts to prevent conflict from escalating to genocide.

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Book SynopsisTeaching and Learning About Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity: Fundamental Issues and Pedagogical Approaches by Samuel Totten, a renowned scholar of genocide studies and Professor Emeritus, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, is a culmination of 30 years in the field of genocide studies and education. In writing this book, Totten reports that he “crafted this book along the lines of what he wished had been available to him when he first began teaching about genocide back in the mid-1980s. That is, a book that combines the best of genocide theory, the realities of the genocidal process, and how to teach about such complex and often terrible and difficult issues and facts in a theoretically, historically and pedagogically sound manner.” As the last book he will ever write on education and educating about genocide, he perceives the book as his gift to those educators who have the heart and grit to tackle such an important issue in their classrooms.Table of Contents Introduction. Chapter I: Genocide: An Overview. Raphael Lemkin: Coining the Term “Genocide” and Advocating for the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. Genocide in the 19th, 20th, and 21st Centuries. Typologies of Genocide. The Process of Genocide. The Wretched Record of the International Community vis-a -vis the Prevention and Intervention of Genocide. More Positive Actions and News vis-a -vis Prevention and Intervention. Fighting Impunity: At Least Somewhat. Working to Prevent Genocide and/or Intervene in a Timely and Effective Fashion. Conclusion. Notes. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 2: Genocide: What It Is And Isn’t. The Crafting of the UNCG. Intent: One of the Keys to the UNCG Definition of Genocide in Regard to Whether the Perpetration of Atrocities Constitute Genocide or Not. The Focus of Genocide: Groups, Not Individuals. The Word “Destroy.” The Wording “in Whole or in Part.” Those Groups That Are and Are Not Protected Under the UNCG. The Wording “As Such.” Acts That Constitute Genocide Punishable Under the UNCG. Perpetrators and Their Prosecution. Conclusion. Notes. References. Chapter 3: Crimes Against Humanity, Ethnic Cleansing, And Genocide: Key Distinctions. Crimes Against Humanity. Ethnic Cleansing. Genocide. Key Distinctions Between Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, and Ethnic Cleansing. Perhaps a Focus on Crimes Against Humanity and Not Genocide Would Be More Sagacious. A Classroom Learning Activity cum Evaluation: The Significance of the Distinctions Between and Amongst Crimes Against Humanity, Ethnic Cleansing, and Genocide. Conclusion. Notes. References. Appendix: Excerpt from Talk by Professor William Schabas, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 4: Misconceptions, Inaccuracies, And Myths That Often Plague Teaching And Learning About Genocide. Select Examples of Misconceptions. Conclusion. Notes. Contents. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 5: The Prevention And Intervention Of Genocide. The Best Way to Prevent Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide Is Before They Begin. Early Warning Signals. Preventive Diplomacy: A Wide Array of Early Measures to Ease Tensions, Stave Off Violence, and Bring a Modicum of Stability to a State or Region. Sticky and Sticking Issues. A Pedagogical Approach. Conclusion. Notes. References. Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 6: Issues Of Rationale: Teaching About Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity. Issues of Rationale. Major Questions That Might Be Wise to Ask at the Outset of One’s Planning: Why Genocide? Why Not Human Rights? Why Not Crimes Against Humanity? So What? Examples of Issues of Rationale: Genocide. Reflecting on One’s Rationales in Order to Ascertain if Lacuna Exist. Helping Students Reflect on Issues of Rationale. Conclusion. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 7: Teaching About Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity: Instructional Issues, Teaching Strategies And Learning Activities. The Null Curriculum. Weak Pedagogy Plagues Many Lessons and Units on Genocide. Key Pedagogical Concerns When Teaching About Crimes Against Humanity and/or Genocide. Addressing More Than the Holocaust or a Single Case of Crimes Against Humanity or Genocide Per Year. The Significance of Carefully Selecting and/or Crafting and Implementing Solid Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities. Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities That Challenge Students to Dig More Deeply. An Activity to Carry Out Prior to the Start of the Unit of Study. Written Responses to Readings: Preparation for Class Discussions/Short Lectures. Reflective Journals. Crafting a Critical Biographical Analysis of a Major Figure (Other Than a Victim or Perpetrator) Related to the Issue of Crimes Against Humanity or Genocide. Extra Credit. Closing Activities. Conclusion. Notes. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 8: Incorporating First-Person Accounts Into A Study Of Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity. Incorporating First-Person Accounts Into a Study of Crimes Against Humanity and/or Genocide. Value of Contemporaneous Accounts. Issues to Ponder/Consider When Using First-Person Accounts of Genocide in the Classroom. Incorporating First-Person Accounts into a Study of Genocide: Learning Activities. Conclusion. Note. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 9: Incorporating Primary Documents Into A Study Of Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity. Primary Documents. Primary Documents and Genocide. A Sample of Those Primary Documents That Are Both Highly Informative and Revelatory. The Value of Incorporating Primary Accounts into a Study of Genocide. Pedagogical Approaches for Incorporating Primary Accounts into a Study of Crimes Against Humanity and/or Genocide. Incorporating Documents at Critical Points in the Study. Conclusion. Note. References. Select Annotated Bibliography: Incorporating Primary Documents Into a Study of Genocide. Chapter 10: Denying Deniers The Opportunity To Deceive And Influence One’s Students: Educators And Students Beware: Deniers And Their Efforts At Denying Facts Are Found All Across The Internet. The Deniers and Distorters. Approaches and Tactics of Deniers and Characteristics of Denial. Provide Students With a List of Major Deniers of Various Genocides. Learning Activities. Conclusion. Notes. References. Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 11: Who Isn’t A Bystander To Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity? What Is a Bystander? The Bystanders in the Region of the Killing Fields? Outside the Region? Both Those Inside and Outside? How Does One Avoid Becoming a Bystander? Conclusion. References. Select Annotated. Bibliography. Appendices: A. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. B. Crimes Against Humanity. C. Implementing the Responsibility to Protect. About the Author.

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