Genocide and ethnic cleansing Books

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Book SynopsisSasun, a region of Anatolia formerly under Ottoman rule and today part of eastern Turkey, is frequently described as the site where, in 1894, the Turks massacred large numbers of Armenian Christians, with estimates ranging from 3,000 to 10,000 people. News reports at the time detailed that gruesome acts, including torture, had occurred at Sasun at the hands of the Ottoman army. The Ottoman Empire denied these allegations. A commission of European delegates sent to investigate the matter concluded that the news reports were highly exaggerated, yet the original stories of atrocities have persisted. This volume provides a close examination of the historical evidence to shed light on what happened at Sasun. The authors’ research indicates that the stories circulated by the media of torture and murder in Sasun don’t hold up against the findings of the European investigators. Evidence instead shows that an Armenian revolt led to fights with local Kurds and many fewer deaths, on both sides, and that the conflict had largely subsided before the arrival of the Ottoman army.Trade Review"The book is a serious, scholarly endeavor that…will be very useful for the scholars and public interested in Ottoman history, the Armenian problem and relations between different ethnic and religious groups. It stands above existing books dealing with the Sasun incident and similar events."—Kemal H. Karpat, Emeritus Professor of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison and author of The Politicization of Islam and The Ottoman Past and Today's Turkey

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Book SynopsisTerrortimes, Terrorscapes: Continuities of Space, Time, and Memory in Twentieth-Century War and Genocide investigates interconnections between space and violence throughout the twentieth century, and how such connections informed collective memory. The interdisciplinary volume shows how entangled notions of time and space amplified by memory narratives led to continuities of violence across different conflicts creating "terrortimes" and "terrorscapes" in their wake. The volume examines such continuities of violence with the help of an analytical framework built around different themes. Its first part, spatial and temporal continuities of violence, looks at contested spaces and ideas of national, ethnic, or religious homogeneity that are often at the heart of prolonged conflicts. The second part, on states and actors, addresses the role of states as enablers of violence, asymmetric power dynamics, and the connection between imperialism and genocide in Africa. Imagination and emotion—the focus of the third part—explores utopian visions and their limits that instigate or hinder, and the mobilization of emotion through propaganda. Finally, the fourth part shows how the recollection of the past sometimes triggers new terrortimes. Departing from an understanding of violence limited to certain areas and time frames, this volume describes continuities of violence as overlapping fabrics woven together from notions of space, time, and memory.Table of Contents List of Figures Introduction. Terrortimes and Terrorscapes? Rethinking Continuities of Space, Time, and Memory, by Volker Benkert and Michael Mayer Part 1. Spatial and Temporal Continuities 1. Contested Spaces: Criminalization of Marginalized Communities in Former Habsburg Lands in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: The Case Study of Austrian Zigeuner ("Gypsies"), by Ursula K. Mindler-Steiner 2. Space and Ideas of National, Ethnic, or Religious Homogeneity: Polish and German Jewish Survivors in the Recovered Territories in Post – World War II Poland, by Anna Cichopek-Gajraj Part 2. States and Actors 3. States as Contributors to or Enablers of Violence: Colonial Thinking Is Still with Us: Investigating the Colonial Record on the Occupation of Jambi and Rengat (1948 – 49) in the Indonesian War of Independence, by Bart Luttikhuis 4. Asymmetric Power Relations: Jihad Made in Germany? Creating Terrorscapes through German Undercover Intelligence Operations against Britain and Russia in Afghanistan, India, and Persia during the First World War: An Entangled History of Violence, by Michael Mayer 5. Third-Party Actors and the Question of Genocide: Imperialism and the Question of Genocide in Colonial-Era Africa, by Jason Bruner Part 3. Imagination and Emotions 6. Utopian Ideologies and Their Limits: Private Lives in Wartime France: Desertion, Divorce, and Deprivation, by Rachel G. Fuchs 7. Emotion, Hope, Fear, and Belonging : Soviet Wartime Jazz: Propaganda and Popular Culture on the Eastern Front, by Benjamin Beresford Part 4. Memory Continuities 8. Crafting the History of Terrortimes 1: Manufactured Memory: Crafting the Cult of the Great Patriotic War, by Yan Mann 9. Crafting the History of Terrortimes 2: Compartmentalized Memory: Coming to Terms with the Nazi Past and the Discourse on German Sufferings at the Turn of the Millennium, by Volker Benkert 10. Terrortimes in Transnational Perspective 1: Between National and European Memory? About Temporal and Spatial (Dis)Continuities in Post-1989 Dutch Memory Culture, by Ilse Raaijmakers 11. Terrortimes in Transnational Perspective 2: Remembering the Holocaust: Opportunities and Challenges, by Georgi Verbeeck Epilogue. The Yardstick of History and the Measure of Redemption: Difficult Pasts in the United States and Germany Today, by Volker Benkert About the Contributors

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Book SynopsisDemonstrates the power of art in the service of healing Healing from Genocide in Rwanda demonstrates the power of art in the service of healing, and is a testimony to responsive community process in a highly sensitive environment. The work immerses readers in the stories of two Rwandans who as small children experienced the 1994 Genocide. It tells of the horrific tragedy each survived, the courage necessary for surviving, and the humanity they embody. Their stories are framed by two chapters chronicling the transformation, in the Rugerero Survivors’ Village, of a concrete burial slab into a powerful Genocide Memorial with its bone chamber, designed by artist Lily Yeh and built by the villagers. The book is not limited to the literature of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, but belongs to the world as part of the collective human experience. It evokes its world through images (photographs, drawings, paintings, pattern, and color) as well as words. The text itself is visually choreographed. The work draws from Lily Yeh’s multifaceted Rwandan Healing Project under the auspices of Barefoot Artists, a project that included, among other things, drawing and storytelling workshops. Susan Viguers conceived and designed the book, incorporating drawings and paintings by Lily Yeh.Trade Review"In a new book, artist and coauthor Lily Yeh brings the transformational power of art to a very dark place." -- JoAnn Greco, The Pennsylvania Gazette"Healing from Genocide in Rwanda is a major contribution to the growing literature on genocide. Its profoundly moving account of the horror of genocide and the complexity of healing make it of considerable use to all those invested in human rights." -- Gail Daneker, human rights activist"This is a book of two children’s stories of survival. It is not a book for children. It’s a book for adults about the depravity of adults. A horrifying book. And yet an exquisitely beautiful book, a book honoring the truth of genocide and the use of story and art to heal. Governments promise never again and look the other way; Lily Yeh and Susan Viguers give us the gift of extraordinary seeing and caring – without which genocides continue." -- Robert Shetterly, artist and author of Portraits of Racial Justice: Americans Who Tell the Truth

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Book SynopsisIn 2004, the Academy Award–nominated movie Hotel Rwanda lionized hotel manager Paul Rusesabagina for single-handedly saving the lives of all who sought refuge in the Hotel des Milles Collines during Rwanda's genocide against the Tutsi in 1994. Because of the film, the real-life Rusesabagina has been compared to Oskar Schindler, but unbeknownst to the public, the hotel's refugees don't endorse Rusesabagina's version of the events.In the wake of Hotel Rwanda's international success, Rusesabagina is one of the most well-known Rwandans and now the smiling face of the very Hutu Power groups who drove the genocide. He is accused by the Rwandan prosecutor general of being a genocide negationist and funding the terrorist group Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR).In Inside the Hotel Rwanda, survivor Edouard Kayihura tells his own personal story of what life was really like during those harrowing 100 days within the walls of that infamous hotel and offers the testimonies of others who survived there, from Hutu and Tutsi to UN peacekeepers. Kayihura tells of his life in a divided society and his journey to the place he believed would be safe from slaughter. Inside the Hotel Rwanda exposes Paul Rusesabagina as a profiteering, politically ambitious Hutu Power sympathizer who extorted money from those who sought refuge, threatening to send those who did not pay to the genocidaires, despite pleas from the hotel's corporate ownership to stop. Inside the Hotel Rwanda is at once a memoir, a critical deconstruction of a heralded Hollywood movie alleged to be factual, and a political analysis aimed at exposing a falsely created hero using his fame to be a political force, spouting the same ethnic apartheid that caused the genocide two decades ago.Trade Review"This book offers a window into the real life experience of those who hid in the Hotel des Mille Collines during the 100 days of the genocide. For those who have learned of this story only through the famous movie Hotel Rwanda, the story of Edouard Kayihura is a privileged opportunity to put reality to the Hollywood dramatization."—Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire (Retired) Force Commander of the United Nations peacekeeping force for Rwanda between 1993 and 1994, founder of The Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative, Senior Fellow at the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, and Co-Director of the Will to Intervene Project"I would like to thank the authors of the book Inside the Hotel Rwanda: The Surprising True Story...and Why It Matters Today for providing an honest account of the daily challenges experienced inside the Hotel Mille Collines during the Genocide Against the Tutsi. It stands apart from the tales of those who have abused, manipulated, and diverted public attention and opinion from what has been endured."—Bernard Makuza, Vice-President of the Rwandan Senate, former Rwandan Prime Minister, and Rwanda's former ambassador to Germany and Burundi"Historical truth is a slippery thing—even more so when the mass media is involved. The story of ‘Hotel Rwanda' is complex and fascinating. This book adds new depth to our understanding of the Rwandan genocide and the episode that has become its best known symbol."—Stephen Kinzer, award-winning foreign correspondent, author: A Thousand Hills: Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It, teacher of journalism, Brown University"Everyone who saw the movie Hotel Rwanda MUST read this book in which true survivors tell their story. While the movie indisputably raised awareness of genocide against Rwandan Tutsi, its distortion of facts created one of the most virulent platforms championing trivialization of that tragedy through theories of double genocide and related tactics."—Egide Karuranga, PhD, professor at the Laval University School of Business in Quebec; President of Rwandan Diaspora of Canada, and genocide survivor from the Hotel des Mille Collines"I will never forget the eight days my family and I spent in hiding at Hotel des Milles Collines. I was only 13 at the time, but I remember like it was yesterday. Twenty years later, it's important that we continue to acknowledge and commemorate the events that took place during those 100 days through stories such as those captured in Inside the Hotel Rwanda."—Ashish J. Thakkar, Africa's youngest billionaire, Founder of Mara Group and Mara Foundation, a nonprofit social enterprise that focuses on emerging African entrepreneurs"Inside the Hotel Rwanda reveals the real story of the events at the Hotel Mille Collines during the genocide in Rwanda. It exposes the untruths and inaccuracies of the Hollywood depiction of the exploits of Paul Rusesabagina. It lays bare how Rusesabagina has been able to fuel his own dangerous political ambitions as a result of the twisted facts of the film. Inside the Hotel Rwanda is important for finally setting the record straight, and doing so authoritatively from the perspective of a survivor of the events."—David Russell, former Director of Survivors Fund (SURF), and Founder of The Social Enterprise"Inside the Hotel Rwanda: What Really Happened and Why It Matters Today is a gripping first-person testimony of life inside the famous hotel that served as a sanctuary for over 1,000 souls during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The author artfully blends his personal memoir with a cri de Coeur for the future of his nation. It provides a beacon of light for those seeking to eradicate genocide around the world."–Melanie Tomsons, Executive Director and CCO of Never Again International-Canada"For more than a decade, the film Hotel Rwanda has come to define a particular story and understanding of Rwanda. In this heartfelt work, Kayihura provides a moving tale from within that hotel, and seeks to set the record straight on the events there and since. For all craving authenticity about that horrific time, this is essential reading."–Josh Ruxin, PhD, Truman Scholar, Fulbright Scholar, Marshall Scholar, and author of A Thousand Hills to Heaven: Love, Hope and a Restaurant in Rwanda"I thank the author for this genuine and true recount of the daily fears and threats, hopes and despair, joys and sufferings experienced by refugees in the Hotel des Milles Collines. Edouard is presenting with humility and a heart-breaking accuracy the reality of what happened in the hotel, unlike those who abused, misused, manipulated, and diverted the world opinion with a far-fetched story for their own interests, fame, and self-aggrandizing agenda."—Gasamagera Wellars, Director General of Rwanda Management Institute and former Rwandan Senator"Edouard Kayihura's memoir about the actual events inside the famed ‘Hotel Rwanda' serves as multifaceted rejoinder to the mythology that emerged from Hollywood's fictionalized version of the 1994 genocide. If you want to become a better-informed global citizen and go beyond glossy feel-good images, read Kayihura's account of how twisting a story can spiral into a maelstrom of deception and divisiveness."—Gerise Herndon, PhD, Director of Gender Studies and English professor at Nebraska Wesleyan University"This is a serious and well-written reappraisal of the events at ‘Hotel Rwanda' in 1994. Kayihura's survivor account demonstrates the gulf between media portrayals and reality, and shows how myth-making has done nothing to resolve the polarity of perceptions of the genocide."—David Whitehouse, author of In Search of Rwanda's Génocidaires: French Justice and the Lost Decades"A chilling account by a Rwandan who was targeted by name and narrowly escaped death during Rwanda's time of genocide, his desperate flight seeking safety into the real ‘Hotel Rwanda,' and his first-hand report on who really kept him and the other refugees in the hotel from being slaughtered."—John Quigley, LL.B. Harvard University, President's Club Professor Emeritus of Law at Moritz College of Law, Ohio State University"Like The Diary of Anne Frank, this book provides a glimpse into the day-to-day life of people combating the insanity of genocide. The book is above all a story of humanity in the midst of an insane genocide. In the end, there are no heroes; there are only people willing to take a risk for the sake of humanity."—Amy Shuman, PhD, professor at Ohio State University

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Book SynopsisThe Disappeared tells the extraordinary saga of Argentina’s attempt to right the wrongs of an unspeakably dark past. Using a recent human rights trial as his lens, Sam Ferguson addresses two central questions of our age: How is mass atrocity possible, and What should be done in its wake? From 1976 to 1983 thousands of people were the victims of state terrorism during Argentina’s so-called Dirty War. Ferguson recounts a twenty-two-month trial of the most notorious perpetrators of this atrocity, who ran a secret prison from the Naval Mechanics School in Buenos Aires. The navy executed as many as five thousand political “subversives,” most of whom were sedated and thrown alive out of airplanes into the South Atlantic. The victims of these secret death flights and others who went missing during the regime are known as los desaparecidos—“the disappeared.” Ferguson explores Argentina’s novel response to mass atrocity: the country’s remarkable and controversial decisions in 2003 to repeal a series of amnesty laws passed in the 1980s and to prosecute anew the perpetrators of the Dirty War a generation after the collapse of the country's last dictatorship. As of 2022 more than one thousand aging military officers have been indicted for their involvement in the Dirty War and hundreds of trials have commenced in the country’s civilian courts. Among the many facets of the book, Ferguson takes an in-depth look at allegations that Father Jorge Mario Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, was involved in the disappearance of two Jesuit priests under his supervision in 1976. Bergoglio was called to testify in a closed-chambers session. Ferguson reviewed those secret proceedings and uses them as a springboard to explore the Argentine Catholic Church and its broader role in the Dirty War. The lingering but acute trauma of the victims who testified at the trial underscores the moral urgency of accountability. When a state strips its citizens of all their rights, the only response that approximates reparation is to restore the rule of law and punish the perpetrators. Yet the trial also revealed the limits of using criminal law to respond to mass atrocity. Justice demands a laser-like focus on evidence relevant to a crime, but atrocity begs for social understanding. Can the law ever bring full justice? Trade Review“With the eye of a novelist and the brilliance of a lawyer, Sam Ferguson has given us a gripping and world-illuminating account of Argentina’s relentless and almost heroic attempt to confront the horrors of its past.”—Owen Fiss, Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law, Yale Law School“Sam Ferguson’s book tells the remarkable saga of this twenty-two-month trial and the larger story of how and why Argentina is prosecuting its aging Dirty Warriors. It wrestles with the deepest questions of whether law can do justice for the past. This is an important and timely book that should be read by all of those who are interested in fostering international human rights and promoting democracy—and a reminder that societies never really turn the page on the past.”—Tina Rosenberg, Pulitzer Prize– and National Book Award–winning author of The Haunted: Facing Europe’s Ghosts after Communism“In The Disappeared Sam Ferguson asks an urgent moral question: what does justice look like in the aftermath of atrocity? If that question remains an abstraction in too many places around the world, Ferguson addresses it concretely—and unforgettably—in this riveting new account. . . . In Ferguson’s hands you’ll feel as if you, too, are sitting in the repurposed movie theater with the faded pink drapes in 2009, watching an important political spectacle commence. But The Disappeared also offers a clear-eyed assessment of the limits of the law and the kinds of collective heartbreak it is not equipped to heal.”—Sarah Stillman, staff writer for the New Yorker“The true birth of the contemporary human rights movement can be traced not to Nuremberg or even to Auschwitz but to the dark recesses of the Naval Mechanics School in Buenos Aires. . . . [The Disappeared] is a gripping narrative; Sam Ferguson has written a fascinating, painstaking, and necessary book. Anyone who cares about human rights—or indeed the human condition—must read it.”—Mark Danner, author of The Massacre at El Mozote“Can there ever be justice for Latin America’s disappeared? This remarkable book analyzes the question through the prism of Argentina’s contemporary crimes against humanity trials for atrocities committed during its so-called ‘Dirty War’ of the 1970s and the possibility of delayed justice. As a lawyer and observer, Ferguson presents a keen understanding in this nuanced and highly readable account. . . . Through [Ferguson’s] interviews, comprehensive research, and first-hand observations, a lucid narrative emerges here: Argentina has imagined and created a better future through the trials by opening up its dark past. Argentina has achieved a level of self-reflection and judgment that tragically remains largely exceptional among nations. Given the rise of authoritarianism around the world, this is hugely necessary and riveting reading for students, academics, and political analysts alike.”—Ruti G. Teitel, Ernst C. Stiefel Professor of Comparative Law at New York Law School and author of Globalizing Transitional JusticeTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction One: A Beginning of Sorts Two: The Argentine Enigma Three: The Prosecution's Case Four: Opening Silence Five: Trials Before the Trial Six: The Brutality of the ESMA Seven: Rodolfo Walsh Eight: The Santa Cruz Raid Nine: Between Memory, Truth and Justice Ten: The Jesuits Eleven: Closing Arguments and Verdict Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFrom Hope to Horror is Joyce E. Leader's eyewitness account of the struggle for democracy and peace in Rwanda during the early 1990s and the failed diplomatic efforts to prevent conflict from escalating to genocide.

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Book SynopsisTeaching and Learning About Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity: Fundamental Issues and Pedagogical Approaches by Samuel Totten, a renowned scholar of genocide studies and Professor Emeritus, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, is a culmination of 30 years in the field of genocide studies and education. In writing this book, Totten reports that he “crafted this book along the lines of what he wished had been available to him when he first began teaching about genocide back in the mid-1980s. That is, a book that combines the best of genocide theory, the realities of the genocidal process, and how to teach about such complex and often terrible and difficult issues and facts in a theoretically, historically and pedagogically sound manner.” As the last book he will ever write on education and educating about genocide, he perceives the book as his gift to those educators who have the heart and grit to tackle such an important issue in their classrooms.Table of Contents Introduction. Chapter I: Genocide: An Overview. Raphael Lemkin: Coining the Term “Genocide” and Advocating for the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. Genocide in the 19th, 20th, and 21st Centuries. Typologies of Genocide. The Process of Genocide. The Wretched Record of the International Community vis-a -vis the Prevention and Intervention of Genocide. More Positive Actions and News vis-a -vis Prevention and Intervention. Fighting Impunity: At Least Somewhat. Working to Prevent Genocide and/or Intervene in a Timely and Effective Fashion. Conclusion. Notes. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 2: Genocide: What It Is And Isn’t. The Crafting of the UNCG. Intent: One of the Keys to the UNCG Definition of Genocide in Regard to Whether the Perpetration of Atrocities Constitute Genocide or Not. The Focus of Genocide: Groups, Not Individuals. The Word “Destroy.” The Wording “in Whole or in Part.” Those Groups That Are and Are Not Protected Under the UNCG. The Wording “As Such.” Acts That Constitute Genocide Punishable Under the UNCG. Perpetrators and Their Prosecution. Conclusion. Notes. References. Chapter 3: Crimes Against Humanity, Ethnic Cleansing, And Genocide: Key Distinctions. Crimes Against Humanity. Ethnic Cleansing. Genocide. Key Distinctions Between Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, and Ethnic Cleansing. Perhaps a Focus on Crimes Against Humanity and Not Genocide Would Be More Sagacious. A Classroom Learning Activity cum Evaluation: The Significance of the Distinctions Between and Amongst Crimes Against Humanity, Ethnic Cleansing, and Genocide. Conclusion. Notes. References. Appendix: Excerpt from Talk by Professor William Schabas, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 4: Misconceptions, Inaccuracies, And Myths That Often Plague Teaching And Learning About Genocide. Select Examples of Misconceptions. Conclusion. Notes. Contents. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 5: The Prevention And Intervention Of Genocide. The Best Way to Prevent Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide Is Before They Begin. Early Warning Signals. Preventive Diplomacy: A Wide Array of Early Measures to Ease Tensions, Stave Off Violence, and Bring a Modicum of Stability to a State or Region. Sticky and Sticking Issues. A Pedagogical Approach. Conclusion. Notes. References. Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 6: Issues Of Rationale: Teaching About Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity. Issues of Rationale. Major Questions That Might Be Wise to Ask at the Outset of One’s Planning: Why Genocide? Why Not Human Rights? Why Not Crimes Against Humanity? So What? Examples of Issues of Rationale: Genocide. Reflecting on One’s Rationales in Order to Ascertain if Lacuna Exist. Helping Students Reflect on Issues of Rationale. Conclusion. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 7: Teaching About Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity: Instructional Issues, Teaching Strategies And Learning Activities. The Null Curriculum. Weak Pedagogy Plagues Many Lessons and Units on Genocide. Key Pedagogical Concerns When Teaching About Crimes Against Humanity and/or Genocide. Addressing More Than the Holocaust or a Single Case of Crimes Against Humanity or Genocide Per Year. The Significance of Carefully Selecting and/or Crafting and Implementing Solid Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities. Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities That Challenge Students to Dig More Deeply. An Activity to Carry Out Prior to the Start of the Unit of Study. Written Responses to Readings: Preparation for Class Discussions/Short Lectures. Reflective Journals. Crafting a Critical Biographical Analysis of a Major Figure (Other Than a Victim or Perpetrator) Related to the Issue of Crimes Against Humanity or Genocide. Extra Credit. Closing Activities. Conclusion. Notes. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 8: Incorporating First-Person Accounts Into A Study Of Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity. Incorporating First-Person Accounts Into a Study of Crimes Against Humanity and/or Genocide. Value of Contemporaneous Accounts. Issues to Ponder/Consider When Using First-Person Accounts of Genocide in the Classroom. Incorporating First-Person Accounts into a Study of Genocide: Learning Activities. Conclusion. Note. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 9: Incorporating Primary Documents Into A Study Of Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity. Primary Documents. Primary Documents and Genocide. A Sample of Those Primary Documents That Are Both Highly Informative and Revelatory. The Value of Incorporating Primary Accounts into a Study of Genocide. Pedagogical Approaches for Incorporating Primary Accounts into a Study of Crimes Against Humanity and/or Genocide. Incorporating Documents at Critical Points in the Study. Conclusion. Note. References. Select Annotated Bibliography: Incorporating Primary Documents Into a Study of Genocide. Chapter 10: Denying Deniers The Opportunity To Deceive And Influence One’s Students: Educators And Students Beware: Deniers And Their Efforts At Denying Facts Are Found All Across The Internet. The Deniers and Distorters. Approaches and Tactics of Deniers and Characteristics of Denial. Provide Students With a List of Major Deniers of Various Genocides. Learning Activities. Conclusion. Notes. References. Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 11: Who Isn’t A Bystander To Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity? What Is a Bystander? The Bystanders in the Region of the Killing Fields? Outside the Region? Both Those Inside and Outside? How Does One Avoid Becoming a Bystander? Conclusion. References. Select Annotated. Bibliography. Appendices: A. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. B. Crimes Against Humanity. C. Implementing the Responsibility to Protect. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisTeaching and Learning About Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity: Fundamental Issues and Pedagogical Approaches by Samuel Totten, a renowned scholar of genocide studies and Professor Emeritus, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, is a culmination of 30 years in the field of genocide studies and education. In writing this book, Totten reports that he “crafted this book along the lines of what he wished had been available to him when he first began teaching about genocide back in the mid-1980s. That is, a book that combines the best of genocide theory, the realities of the genocidal process, and how to teach about such complex and often terrible and difficult issues and facts in a theoretically, historically and pedagogically sound manner.” As the last book he will ever write on education and educating about genocide, he perceives the book as his gift to those educators who have the heart and grit to tackle such an important issue in their classrooms.Table of Contents Introduction. Chapter I: Genocide: An Overview. Raphael Lemkin: Coining the Term “Genocide” and Advocating for the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. Genocide in the 19th, 20th, and 21st Centuries. Typologies of Genocide. The Process of Genocide. The Wretched Record of the International Community vis-a -vis the Prevention and Intervention of Genocide. More Positive Actions and News vis-a -vis Prevention and Intervention. Fighting Impunity: At Least Somewhat. Working to Prevent Genocide and/or Intervene in a Timely and Effective Fashion. Conclusion. Notes. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 2: Genocide: What It Is And Isn’t. The Crafting of the UNCG. Intent: One of the Keys to the UNCG Definition of Genocide in Regard to Whether the Perpetration of Atrocities Constitute Genocide or Not. The Focus of Genocide: Groups, Not Individuals. The Word “Destroy.” The Wording “in Whole or in Part.” Those Groups That Are and Are Not Protected Under the UNCG. The Wording “As Such.” Acts That Constitute Genocide Punishable Under the UNCG. Perpetrators and Their Prosecution. Conclusion. Notes. References. Chapter 3: Crimes Against Humanity, Ethnic Cleansing, And Genocide: Key Distinctions. Crimes Against Humanity. Ethnic Cleansing. Genocide. Key Distinctions Between Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, and Ethnic Cleansing. Perhaps a Focus on Crimes Against Humanity and Not Genocide Would Be More Sagacious. A Classroom Learning Activity cum Evaluation: The Significance of the Distinctions Between and Amongst Crimes Against Humanity, Ethnic Cleansing, and Genocide. Conclusion. Notes. References. Appendix: Excerpt from Talk by Professor William Schabas, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 4: Misconceptions, Inaccuracies, And Myths That Often Plague Teaching And Learning About Genocide. Select Examples of Misconceptions. Conclusion. Notes. Contents. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 5: The Prevention And Intervention Of Genocide. The Best Way to Prevent Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide Is Before They Begin. Early Warning Signals. Preventive Diplomacy: A Wide Array of Early Measures to Ease Tensions, Stave Off Violence, and Bring a Modicum of Stability to a State or Region. Sticky and Sticking Issues. A Pedagogical Approach. Conclusion. Notes. References. Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 6: Issues Of Rationale: Teaching About Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity. Issues of Rationale. Major Questions That Might Be Wise to Ask at the Outset of One’s Planning: Why Genocide? Why Not Human Rights? Why Not Crimes Against Humanity? So What? Examples of Issues of Rationale: Genocide. Reflecting on One’s Rationales in Order to Ascertain if Lacuna Exist. Helping Students Reflect on Issues of Rationale. Conclusion. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 7: Teaching About Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity: Instructional Issues, Teaching Strategies And Learning Activities. The Null Curriculum. Weak Pedagogy Plagues Many Lessons and Units on Genocide. Key Pedagogical Concerns When Teaching About Crimes Against Humanity and/or Genocide. Addressing More Than the Holocaust or a Single Case of Crimes Against Humanity or Genocide Per Year. The Significance of Carefully Selecting and/or Crafting and Implementing Solid Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities. Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities That Challenge Students to Dig More Deeply. An Activity to Carry Out Prior to the Start of the Unit of Study. Written Responses to Readings: Preparation for Class Discussions/Short Lectures. Reflective Journals. Crafting a Critical Biographical Analysis of a Major Figure (Other Than a Victim or Perpetrator) Related to the Issue of Crimes Against Humanity or Genocide. Extra Credit. Closing Activities. Conclusion. Notes. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 8: Incorporating First-Person Accounts Into A Study Of Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity. Incorporating First-Person Accounts Into a Study of Crimes Against Humanity and/or Genocide. Value of Contemporaneous Accounts. Issues to Ponder/Consider When Using First-Person Accounts of Genocide in the Classroom. Incorporating First-Person Accounts into a Study of Genocide: Learning Activities. Conclusion. Note. References. Select Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 9: Incorporating Primary Documents Into A Study Of Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity. Primary Documents. Primary Documents and Genocide. A Sample of Those Primary Documents That Are Both Highly Informative and Revelatory. The Value of Incorporating Primary Accounts into a Study of Genocide. Pedagogical Approaches for Incorporating Primary Accounts into a Study of Crimes Against Humanity and/or Genocide. Incorporating Documents at Critical Points in the Study. Conclusion. Note. References. Select Annotated Bibliography: Incorporating Primary Documents Into a Study of Genocide. Chapter 10: Denying Deniers The Opportunity To Deceive And Influence One’s Students: Educators And Students Beware: Deniers And Their Efforts At Denying Facts Are Found All Across The Internet. The Deniers and Distorters. Approaches and Tactics of Deniers and Characteristics of Denial. Provide Students With a List of Major Deniers of Various Genocides. Learning Activities. Conclusion. Notes. References. Annotated Bibliography. Chapter 11: Who Isn’t A Bystander To Genocide And Crimes Against Humanity? What Is a Bystander? The Bystanders in the Region of the Killing Fields? Outside the Region? Both Those Inside and Outside? How Does One Avoid Becoming a Bystander? Conclusion. References. Select Annotated. Bibliography. Appendices: A. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. B. Crimes Against Humanity. C. Implementing the Responsibility to Protect. About the Author.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThe Turkish government under the Erdoğan regime is undertaking a brutal crackdown against the participants of a civic group, namely the Gülen movement, also known as the Hizmet (service) movement, with the deliberate intention of destroying this social group, in whole or in part. In this extensive research, Dr. Keneş argues that this crackdown is filled with violations that may be classified at the very least as crimes against humanity and could very well be the harbinger of what comes next in terms of a full-scale genocide to exterminate thousands of innocent people. Keneş exemplifies many of these crimes and scales them against the genocide criteria according to definitions and norms accepted by United Nations and field experts.Given that the international community has historically downplayed the early signs of genocidal acts and thus failed to prevent such crimes many times before, it is necessary to be on the alert before the Erdoğan regime goes that far. A Genocide in the Making? is a unique volume that loudly cries out to the world this highly probable risk before it is too late.

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Book SynopsisISIS’s genocidal attack on the Yezidi population in northern Iraq in 2014 brought the world’s attention to the small faith that numbers less than one million worldwide. That summer ISIS massacred Yezidi men and enslaved women and children. More than one hundred thousand Yezidis were besieged on Sinjar Mountain. The US began airstrikes to roll back ISIS, citing a duty to save the Yezidis, but the genocide is still ongoing. The headlines have moved on but thousands of Yezidi women and children remain in captivity, and many more are still displaced. Sinjar is now free from ISIS but the Yezidi homeland is at the centre of growing tensions amongst the city’s liberators, making returning home for the Yezidis almost impossible. The mass abduction of Yezidi women and children is here conveyed with extraordinary intensity in the first-hand reporting of a young journalist who has been based in Iraqi Kurdistan for the past four years, covering the war with ISIS and its impact on the people of the country. Otten tells the story of the ISIS attacks, the mass enslavements of Yezidi women and the fallout from the disaster. She challenges common perceptions of Yezidi female victimhood by focusing on stories of resistance passed down by generations. Yezidi women describe how, in the recent conflict, they followed the tradition of their ancestors who, a century ago during persecutions at the fall of the Ottoman empire, put ash on their faces to make themselves unattractive and try to avoid being raped. Today, over 3,000 Yezidi women and girls remain in the Caliphate where they are bought and sold, and passed between fighters as chattel. But many others have escaped or been released. Otten bases her book on interviews with these survivors, as well as those who smuggled them to safety, painstakingly piecing together their accounts of enslavement. Their deeply moving personal narratives bring alive a human tragedy.Trade ReviewPraise for the hardback: “This is an intelligent and perceptive book about one of the great tragedies of our age. It is also an inspiring story of resistance and survival that everybody should read.” —Patrick Cockburn “The best kind of humanist journalism: lucid, transparent, grimly realistic.… (N)o book has covered it better.” —Ryan Boyd, Los Angeles Review of Books “Contemporary testimony [grounded in a] wealth of historical context ... an urgently necessary chronicle of the Yazidi genocide.” —Times Literary Supplement “Woven through with heart-breaking, terrifying accounts of its survivors, and demanding an understanding of their community’s historical persecution, Otten’s searing chronicle of ISIS’ genocide of the Yezidis is compelling and devastatingly necessary.” —Sareta Ashraph, former Analyst, UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria “There are two constants in the modern history of genocides: they are recognized too late and their victims, particularly if they are women, are presented as passive sufferers. Cathy Otten’s important and morally urgent book tells the story of an ongoing crime and a history of strength and resistance. Told with great care but with neither sentiment nor sensationalism, With Ash on Their Faces, needs to be read by all those who care about justice—and by those too occupied with global power to care.” —Lyndsey Stonebridge, author of The Judicial Imagination “Otten tells the Yezidis’ remarkable story with a deft and detailed hand in this revealing account of suffering, endurance and survival. An essential read for anyone interested in the plight and resilience of one of Iraq’s most persecuted minorities.” —Anthony Loyd

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Book SynopsisHow do you pick up the pieces after your life is shattered by war? How do you continue living when your country no longer exists, your language is no longer spoken and your family is divided, not just by distance but by politics too? What happens when your old identity is taken from you and a new one imposed, one that you never asked for? When Olivera Simić was seven years old, President Tito died. Old divisions re-emerged as bitter ethnic conflicts unfolded. War arrived in 1992. People were no longer Yugoslavs but Serbs, Croatians, Bosniaks. Old friends became enemies overnight. In this heartfelt account of life before, during and after the Bosnian War and the NATO bombing of Serbia in 1999, Simić talks of her transition from peace to war and back again. She shows how she found the determination to build a new life when the old one was irretrievable.Trade Review"Reading Surviving Peace made me pause. Sometimes it was a page that made me stop to think, to picture, to wonder. Sometimes it was just a graphic phrase. Olivera Simić has been there: the 'there' of denying the dissolution of one's national identity, the 'there' of struggling against militarism's enticements, the 'there' of making honest postwar sense of the insensible. Surviving Peace is a feminist gift to all of us." -- Cynthia Enloe, author of "Seriously!: Investigating Crashes & Crises as If Women Mattered""Olivera Simićs impressive Surviving Peace made me weep while enriching my understanding of human suffering at times of conflict and post-conflict, thanks to her scholarly insights woven skilfully within 'herstory'." -- Amr Abdalla, Vice Rector 20042013, University for Peace, Costa Rica"Surviving Peace provides greater understanding of the Balkan Wars to those who don't know much about the Bosniak, Serb and Croatian ethnicities, and some possible new perspectives to those who do. It makes a valuable contribution to ensuring we don't forget the horrors and enduring impact of war." - Joanne Shiells, Books+Publishing

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Book SynopsisLittle more than seventy years after the British settled Van Diemen's Land (later Tasmania) in 1803, the indigenous community had been virtually wiped out. Yet this genocide at the hands of the British is virtually forgotten today. The Last Man is the first book specifically to explore the role of the British government and wider British society in this genocide. It positions the destruction as a consequence of British policy, and ideology in the region. Tom Lawson shows how Britain practised cultural destruction and then came to terms with and evaded its genocidal imperial past. Although the introduction of European diseases undoubtedly contributed to the decline in the indigenous population, Lawson shows that the British government supported what was effectively the ethnic cleansing of Tasmania - particularly in the period of martial law in 1828-1832. By 1835 the vast majority of the surviving indigenous community had been deported to Flinders Island, where the British government took a keen interest in the attempt to transform them into Christians and Englishmen in a campaign of cultural genocide. Lawson also illustrates the ways in which the destruction of indigenous Tasmanians was reflected in British culture - both at the time and since - and how it came to play a key part in forging particular versions of British imperial identity. Laments for the lost Tasmanians were a common theme in literary and museum culture, and the mistaken assumption that Tasmanians were doomed to complete extinction was an important part of the emerging science of human origins. By exploring the memory of destruction, The Last Man provides the first comprehensive picture of the British role in the destruction of the Tasmanian Aboriginal population.Trade Review'This clearly-written, accessible and strongly-argued book contends that the British Government committed genocide in Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania - and, by implication, in other parts of the British Empire. This study, whilst obviously controversial, provides an important contribution to the current public debate that is reassessing the record of the British Empire following the recent emergence of new archival sources.' John S. Connor, author of The Australian Frontier Wars "The Last Man enhances our knowledge of British imperial history as it played out in one of its most distant colonies, Tasmania. It shows how British policies and practice meant that Aboriginal society there was almost destroyed. In using the international scholarship on genocide along with its own original and detailed empirical historical study, it reminds us of the enormity of what happened. As if that were not enough, The Last Man then goes on to show how understandings of this Tasmanian genocide have since reverberated through British culture, right up to the present. In doing so, it asks us to reconsider the nature and meaning of British history for us now." Ann Curthoys, author of Freedom RideTable of ContentsIntroduction: History, Memory and Genocide in Tasmania Chapter 1: Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing 1804-1832 Chapter 2: Saving Souls and Cultural Genocide 1832-1876 Chapter 3: Memory and Return: Genocide in British Culture 1804-2011 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIn 1993 Ewen Southby-Tailyour joined the British Foreign Office for duties with the European Community Monitoring Mission. He was also tasked, informally, by MI6 to report on a few characters. Monitoring the cease-fire violations along the Confrontation Line between Croatia and the Republic of Serbian Krajina plus the humanitarian and economic issues for the regeneration of Dalmatia were professionally satisfying; as were a covert beach reconnaissance, interviewing war criminals and pacing the length of a ‘secret’ airfield that was eventually used by US Predator unmanned surveillance aircraft to support Croatia’s ethnic cleansing of all Serbs from Krajina. Closing in on hard evidence that Germany and the US were breaking UN Arms Embargo 713 the author was caught in the diplomatic cross-fire between the Greeks, who supported Serbia and the French who supported Croatia. To prevent the French knowing of any illicit arms embargo he was order by the Greeks to falsify his reports. He resigned from the mission. This is a thought-provoking, disturbing tale of deceit and duplicity between European countries (and, notably, the US) all supposedly supporting a common cause—peace in the Balkans—but, in effect, helping to ethnically cleanse 200,000 Serbs from their 500 year-old homeland.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1 London for Briefings; 2 Zagreb for Orders; 3 Knin for War Crimes and a Covert Beech Recce; 4 Suicide (or Murder?) in Split; 5 The Duplicitous BBC; 6 Escape Plans with Eloise; 7 Reconnaissance of Brač’s ‘Secret’ airfield; 8 Aid Convoys and a Greek Complaint; 9 Operas and Evictions; 10 Hvar for Punctures; 11 Šibenik Bridge and a Mossad Infiltrator; 12 Split Yacht Club and Minefields; 13 Resignation; 14 The 420 Million Dinar Hotel Bill; 15 Aftermath; 16 Operation Storm.

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Book SynopsisFor nearly a century, members of the Dildilian family practiced the art of photography in Ottoman Turkey, Greece and the United States. This book contains over 300 photographs, most taken during the Ottoman era. The photos record a crucial half century of Armenian culture, with the earliest dating from 1888, when Tsolag Dildilian opened and operated the family business in central Anatolia, first in Sivas and later in Marsovan and Samsun, and the last taken in late 1930s Greece after the family's forced exile from their homeland in 1922. The photographs and the stories that unfold around them capture a defining period in the nearly 3,000-year history of the Armenians in Anatolia and the Armenian Highlands. The early- twentieth century witnessed the violent erasure of the Armenians from their historic homeland, with catastrophic effects for the Dildilian family and their community. Yet this was also a period of unprecedented educational, cultural and commercial development for the Armenians. The Dildilian family was intimately involved in the triumphs and tragedies of these years and this book, through its rich pictorial history, sheds unprecedented light on the real-life experiences of Armenians in the devastating years of the Armenian Genocide and beyond. It is an unusual and original contribution to the social history of the Near East.Table of ContentsIntroduction Early Photographs in Sebastia (Sivas), the Ancestral Home of the Dildilians, 1888-1894 The Late 1890s and the Early Years of the New Century The Dildilians and Anatolia College: The Campus Cities of Anatolia and Their Sights The Art of Portrait Photography A Photographic Homage to Those Who Did Not Survive Photographing the Aftermath of the Genocide The Dildilians after the War (1918-1923) Epilogue, 1926

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Book Synopsis The mass killing of Ottoman Armenians is today widely recognized, both within and outside scholarly circles, as an act of genocide. What is less well known, however, is that it took place within a broader context of Ottoman violence against minority groups during and after the First World War. Among those populations decimated were the indigenous Christian Assyrians (also known as Syriacs or Chaldeans) who lived in the borderlands of present-day Turkey, Iran, and Iraq. This volume is the first scholarly edited collection focused on the Assyrian genocide, or “Sayfo” (literally, “sword” in Aramaic), presenting historical, psychological, anthropological, and political perspectives that shed much-needed light on a neglected historical atrocity.Trade Review “This reviewer is more than impressed with the effort and care required to produce what amounts to a syllabus of cogent explorations of one of the most shameful chapters known to man…Let Them Not Return is an invaluable publication providing a great deal of information in support of what promises to be a long and arduous campaign to obtain Turkish confirmation of the genocide of its Christian minorities, particularly that of the lesser publicized Assyrians and Pontic Greeks. With its abundant notes and a rich bibliography accompanying each chapter, this book deserves to grace the shelf of every caring Assyrian.” • Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies “The book is an excellent contribution in presenting new ideas through its 12 chapters, to study the case of Sayfo by dedicated researches, especially concerning the trauma effect of the post-genocide survivors. Indeed, this is an important book and necessary to be consulted to understand various aspects concerning many themes regarding Christians in the Middle East.” • Syriac Orthodox Patriarchal Journal “This volume does not try to arrive at a conclusive evaluation. But it provides three well thought-out steps for future research in… completely unknown topic in Osman history during the First World War.” • H-Soz-Kult “With a list of top-notch contributors, this is an excellent addition to what little is currently available on this under-researched genocide. The organization of the contributions and the volume’s breadth of scope are particularly impressive.” • Mark Levene, University of SouthamptonTable of Contents Preface Acknowledgements Introduction: Contextualizing the Sayfo in the First World War David Gaunt, Naures Atto and Soner O. Barthoma Chapter 1. How Armenian was the 1915 Genocide? Ugur Ümit Üngör Chapter 2. Sayfo Genocide: The Culmination of an Anatolian Culture of Violence David Gaunt Chapter 3. The Resistance of Urmia Assyrians to Violence at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Florence Hellot-Bellier Chapter 4. Mor Dionysios ‘Abd an-Nur Aslan: Church Leader during a Genocide Jan J. van Ginkel Chapter 5. Syriac Orthodox Leadership in the Post-Genocide Period (1918–26) and the Removal of the Patriarchate from Turkey Naures Atto and Soner O. Barthoma Chapter 6. Sayfo, Firman, Qafle: The First World War from the Perspective of Syriac Christians Shabo Talay Chapter 7. A Historical Note of October 1915 Written in Dayro D-Zafaran (Deyrulzafaran) Sebastian Brock Chapter 8. Interpretation of the ‘Sayfo’ in Gallo Shabo’s Poem Simon Birol Chapter 9. The Psychological Legacy of the Sayfo: An Inter-generational Transmission of Fear and Distrust Önver A. Cetrez Chapter 10. Sayfo and Denialism: A New Field of Activity for Agents of the Turkish Republic Racho Donef Chapter 11. Turkey’s Key Arguments in Denying the Assyrian Genocide Abdulmesih BarAbraham Chapter 12. Who Killed Whom? A Comparison of Political Discussions in France and Sweden about the Genocide of 1915 Christophe Premat Index

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Book SynopsisOver the past 25 years, Rwanda has undergone remarkable shifts and transitions: culturally, economically, and educationally the country has gone from strength to strength. While much scholarship has understandably been retrospective, seeking to understand, document and commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi, this volume gathers diverse perspectives on the changing social and cultural fabric of Rwanda since 1994. Rwanda Since 1994 considers the context of these changes, particularly in relation to the ongoing importance of remembering and in wider developments in the Great Lakes and East Africa regions. Equally it explores what stories of change are emerging from Rwanda: creative writing and testimonies, as well as national, regional, and international political narratives. The contributors interrogate which frameworks and narratives might be most useful for understanding different kinds of change, what new directions are emerging, and how Rwanda’s trajectory is shaped by other global factors.The international set of contributors includes creative writers, practitioners, activists, and scholars from African studies, history, anthropology, education, international relations, modern languages, law and politics. As well as delving into the shifting dynamics of religion and gender in Rwanda today, the book brings to light the experiences of lesser-discussed groups of people such as the Twa and the children of perpetrators.Trade Review‘Rwanda since 1994 supports the field of Rwanda Studies in reorienting itself from genocide history towards progress since the atrocities.’ Anna Katila, WasafiriTable of ContentsIntroductionHannah Grayson and Nicki HitchcottRwanda is Not Hotel RwandaMalaika UwamahoroPart One: A Changing Nation‘Memory-Traces’ in the Works of Felwine Sarr and Bruce Clarke: What Stories of Change Can Commemorate the Genocide Against the Tutsi?Eloïse BrezaultCompeting Narratives and Performances in Rwanda’s Gacaca CourtsAnanda Breed and Astrid JamarHuman Rights Reporting on Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts: a Story of Stagnation and FailureBenjamin Thorne and Julia ViebachThe Incorporation of Women in Rwandan PoliticsLouise Umutoni-BowerRe-branding Rwanda’s Peacekeeping Identity during Postconflict TransitionGeorgina Holmes and Ilaria BuscagliaOne Rwanda for all Rwandans’: (Un)Covering the Batwa in Post-Genocide RwandaMeghan Laws, Richard Ntakirutimana and Bennett CollinsPart Two: Changing PeopleWriting as Reconciliation: Bearing Witness to Life After GenocideCatherine GilbertDecolonizing Trauma Therapy in RwandaCaroline Williamson SinaloPromising Generations: From Intergenerational Guilt to Ndi UmunyarwandaRichard M. BendaImbabazi, Kwicuza & Christian Testimonials of ForgivenessMadelaine HronStories as Change: Using Writing to Facilitate Healing Among Genocide Survivors in RwandaLaura Apol

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Book SynopsisRohingya men, women and children have been fleeing from their homes for forty years. The tipping point came in August 2017, when almost 700,000 were wrung from Myanmar in a single military operation. There are now very few members of this Muslim minority left in the country. Instead, they live mostly in Bangladesh's refugee camps; or precariously in Malaysia, India, Saudi Arabia and scatterings elsewhere. With the Rohingya almost entirely in exile, 'I Feel No Peace' is the first book-length exploration of what their existence abroad looks like. Journalist Kaamil Ahmed draws on hundreds of hours of interviews, and on relationships that he has built over years with Rohingya in Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand and throughout the diaspora. He speaks to families who have had their children snatched, and people kidnapped to feed a system of human trafficking that is nourished by the community's suffering. Among the most disturbing and under-reported of his revelations is the complicit role of the UN and NGOs in the plight of the Rohingya. But Ahmed also describes stories of resilience and hope, painting a nuanced picture of how a scattered community survives. The characters of 'I Feel No Peace' are complex, heart-breaking and unforgettable.Trade Review'As Mr. Ahmed observes with heart-rending eloquence, the Rohingya have been, since 1982, a species of non-people in Myanmar … To read Mr. Ahmed’s invaluable book is to become overwhelmed with dread for the Rohingya.' -- The Wall Street Journal'['I Feel No Peace'] is effective at placing the recent exodus of Rohingya in its historical position: as something that had happened multiple times before, and will likely happen again. [...] [It is an] antidote for those who had any doubt of the inequality, desperation and injustice that characterises how the world treats refugees: silencing their voices and thereby making it easier to degrade them, and even ignore mounting death tolls.' -- Sally Hayden, The Irish Times'In prose that brims with empathy and humanity, Ahmed zooms in on individual lives to explain the breadth of this people's struggles.' -- Prospect'An in-depth exploration of the Rohingya in exile, their exploitation, quests for justice, and the apparent failures of world bodies such as the United Nations to protect them.' -- Al Jazeera'Deeply moving.' -- Nikkei Asia'An impressive mix of history, political analysis and extensive reportage from Myanmar, Bangladesh and Malaysia... The book gives a human angle to the refugee crisis and Ahmed's often tender portrayal, combined with a rightful anger for their treatment, is a must read.' -- Asian Review of Books'Ahmed's beautifully written... book weaves together the stories of Rohingya people who are not just buffeted by tragedy but are also agents in a struggle for justice... 'I Feel No Peace' is the opposite of the superficial glosses from reporters who dip into refugee camps for a few days.' -- Mekong Review'A moving account of the persecution, the suffering of Rohingya people, and their quest for justice and a dignified life in exile... The book lends a much-needed voice to the world's most silenced people.' -- Asia Sentinel‘An extraordinary – and depressing – picture of the Rohingya’s recent history … One book cannot solve the problem, but this one will help the reader understand it at the human level.’ -- Survival'This book goes to the heart of the eternal and under-reported suffering of the Rohingya. Forced out of what once was Burma and now is Myanmar, most are in exile in Bangladesh and beyond. An important story of our times.' -- Jon Snow'This book paints a deep, complicated and appalling picture: of one million people who have fled danger but now face immense risks from those they thought would protect them. While documenting the harm done by the UN and the Bangladeshi state, Ahmed humanises those normally dehumanised--the refugees.' -- Aditya Chakrabortty, 'The Guardian''A haunting and poetic, yet incisive and grounded, account of the tragedies that have befallen the Rohingya, of the realities of a people living almost entirely in exile, and of their struggles to maintain dignity and hope in the face of persecution and betrayal.' -- Kenan Malik, author, broadcaster and 'Observer' columnist'"I Feel No Peace" is a tender, forensic, harrowing and beautifully human portrait of the Rohingya, a people persecuted beyond measure. Ahmed has produced an exceptional work of journalism which promises to inspire change for the better.' -- Musa Okwonga, author, podcaster and musician'This is a remarkable and vivid testament to the results of Myanmar's genocide of the Rohingya. A striking portrait of a people forced on the run--in all their suffering, bravery and determination. A must-read.' -- Azeem Ibrahim, author of 'The Rohingyas' and 'Authoritarian Century''A strikingly urgent and necessary book, giving voice to the world's most silenced people. A fierce roar of resistance against the greed, racism and violence that have been largely ignored by the global community. This is a book to be read by all.' -- Zana Fraillon, author of 'The Bone Sparrow''Kaamil Ahmed is both a journalist and friend to many Rohingya. This is what makes his book come alive. With great detail, he tells the story of Myanmar's genocidal attacks, the diverse journeys of many refugees, as well the resilience of the Rohingya people.' -- John Quinley, Senior Human Rights Specialist, Fortify Rights'Kaamil Ahmed's book fills a glaring void in the literature on one of the world's worst examples of cruelty and dispossession. It promises to bring much-needed attention to the catastrophe of the Rohingya and deserves to be widely read.' -- Christopher Lamb, President, Australia Myanmar Institute'Readers wanting to learn about Rohingya refugees and understand the complexity of their current plight will not be disappointed by Ahmed's book, which provides both personal accounts of the Rohingya's unfathomable hardships and historical events that contextualise the protracted crisis.' -- Mary Shepard Wong, Professor in the Department of Sociology, Azusa Pacific University, and editor of 'Teaching for Peace and Social Justice in Myanmar'

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Book SynopsisThe assassination in Istanbul in 2007 of the author Hrant Dink, the high-profile advocate of Turkish-Armenian reconciliation, reignited the debate in Turkey on the annihilation of the Ottoman Armenians. Many Turks subsequently reawakened to their Armenian heritage, in the process reflecting on how their grandparents were forcibly Islamised and Turkified, and the suffering they endured to keep their stories secret. There was public debate about Armenian property confiscated by the Turkish state and books were published about the extermination of the minorities. The silence had been broken. After the First World War, Turkey forcibly erased the memory of the atrocities, and traces of Armenians, from their historic lands, to which the international community turned a blind eye. The price for this amnesia was, Cheterian argues, 'a century of genocide'.Turkish intellectuals acknowledge the price a society must pay collectively to forget such traumatic events, and that Turkey cannot solve its recurrent conflicts with its minorities - like the Kurds today - nor have an open and democratic society without addressing its original sin: the Armenian Genocide, on which the Republic was founded.Trade Review'Cheterian's straightforward historical account does not shy away from a more disturbing aspect of the genocide's legacy where the quest for justice denied over generations spills over into the violence of reprisals, revenge, and terrorism' * LA Review of Books *‘Open Wounds provides a comprehensive insight into many relevant issues with regard to the consequences of denial for Armenians and other minorities such as the Kurds . . . an impressive account of how survivors and successive generations resisted erasure through Armenian historiography, memory politics and the composition and evolution of the diaspora’.'Cheterian's book offers one of the most complete tellings of the twisted, emotional story of the decimation of 1.5 million Armenians in Ottoman Turkey in 1915, during the fury of World War I and the story of the political struggle over the massacre in the century since it occurred.' * Foreign Affairs *'In this extraordinary and beautifully-written book, Cheterian tells us the little known story of the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide of 1915. He reaches into the history and present-day politics of Armenians and Turks to tell a story and provide explanations that have been neglected or elided by others. There is no other text like this.' * Ronald G. Suny, Professor Emeritus of Political Science and History, University of Chicago and former chairman of the Society for Armenian Studies *

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Book SynopsisWith recent events in Gaza, Martin Shaw seeks to restore the idea of genocide to its central place in thinking about mass atrocities, to apply it to neglected cases, and ultimately to settle the question of What is genocide'?

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Book SynopsisIn 2011, Myanmar embarked in a democratic transition from a brutal military rule that culminated four years later, when the first free election in decades saw a landslide for the party of celebrated Nobel Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi. Yet, even as the international community was celebrating a new dawn, old wars were raging in the northern borderlands. A crisis was emerging in western Arakan state where the regime intensified its oppression of the vulnerable Muslim Rohingya community. By 2017, the conflict had escalated into a military onslaught against the Rohingya that provoked the most desperate refugee crisis of our times, as over 750,000 of them fled their homes to neighbouring Bangladesh.In The Burmese Labyrinth, journalist Carlos Sardiña Galache gives the in depth story of the country. Burma has always been an uneasy balance between multiple ethnic groups and religions. He examines the deep roots behind the ethnic divisions that go back prior to the colonial period, and so shockingly exploded in recent times. This is a powerful portrait of a nation in perpetual conflict with itself.Trade ReviewAnyone attempting to understand why mass violence against the Rohingya occurred should seek out first this exemplary study by the Spanish journalist Carlos Sardiña Galache. * Mekong Review *

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Book SynopsisIt is twenty-five years since the 1994 genocide of the Tutsi of Rwanda when in the course of three terrible months more than 1 million people were murdered. In the intervening years a pernicious campaign has been waged by the perpetrators to deny this crime, with attempts to falsify history and blame the victims for their fate. Facts are reversed, fake news promulgated, and phoney science given credence. Intent to Deceive tells the story of this campaign of genocide denial from its origins with those who planned the massacres. With unprecedented access to government archives including in Rwanda Linda Melvern explains how, from the moment the killers seized the power of the state, they determined to distort reality of events. Disinformation was an integral part of their genocidal conspiracy. The génocidaires and their supporters continue to peddle falsehoods. These masters of deceit have found new and receptive audiences, have fooled gullible journalists and unwary academics. With their seemingly sound research methods, the Rwandan génocidaires continue to pose a threat, especially to those who might not be aware of the true nature of their crime. The book is a testament to the survivors who still live the horrors of the past. Denial causes them the gravest offence and ensures that the crime continues. This is a call for justice that remains perpetually delayed.Trade Review"The best overall account of the background to the genocide, and the failure to prevent it." -- General Romeo Dallaire * [For Conspiracy to Murder] *An epic and shaming story of culpability and missed opportunities... in the finest traditions of investigative journalism. -- John Pilger * [For Conspiracy to Murder] *Melvern offers a vivid picture of the role of Western nations in abetting, ignoring and allowing Rwanda's genocide. * New York Times Book Review [for A People Betrayed] *An important book by an important investigative journalist. It is thanks to the patience and dedication with which Linda Melvern works and her well earned international reputation for excellence in journalism, that she gained access to new, crucial information. Linda Melvern gets us closer to the truth and the truth gets us closer to a better world. Only when we know how and why genocide happens, can we hope to stop it from happening again. -- Linda Polman, author of We Did Nothing * [For A People Betrayed] *A very sensitive and crucial reading [of the Rwandan genocide]. -- Brad Evans * Los Angeles Review of Books *Exposes wilful deception - on the part of countries and individuals with everything to lose - to manipulate the next generation into revisionists and genocide deniers. These duped academics, journalists and other "experts" continue to propagate self-serving lies onto the victims, aiming to wreak damage as repugnant as that of the earliest colonialists. Her book does not delve in gossip-mongering, hearsay or bias. It presents the facts. And it behoves us every one to remember them. It is our moral imperative. In Intent to Deceive, Melvern clearly and concisely details the indisputable evidence of a planned genocide. -- Lt. General Rome Dallaire, * Globe and Mail *Exposes how genocide deniers have crafted an alternative history of the Rwandan genocide. This first exhaustive analysis of the history of Tutsi genocide denial is an essential resource which helps guide readers through the labyrinth of literature on Rwanda's history. * The Africa Report *Linda Melvern has made it something of a life mission to take on the Rwandan genocide deniers and debunk their poisonous fact-muddying claims. . . A clear, crisp and important contribution to the literature on the genocide. In particular Melvern forensically rebuts attempts by apologists for the genocidaires, including western academics, to suggest a moral equivalence between the parties in Rwanda. -- Alec Russell * Financial Times *A brilliant & incisive book about those who continue to deny the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. -- Simon Adams, Executive Director of the Global Centre for the Responsibility to ProtectA scathing indictment of those 'experts' who feed off of each other's bias and persistently ignore (and perhaps even benefit from) the lack of reflexivity on and awareness of the harm done by Western-centred knowledge on Rwanda. She shows how most of the knowledge and expertise on Rwanda disproportionately favours non-Rwandan voices, along the way distorting the experiences of survivors and victims and ignoring the expertise of Rwandans altogether. -- Alice Musabende * Wasafiri *Linda Melvern is the foremost expert on the Rwandan genocide, and her latest book picks apart the lies propagated about the 1994 genocide of the Tutsi ethnic group. ... This matters in an age when political leaders, aided by their media cronies, sacrifice the truth to enhance their re-election chances. -- Rebecca Tinsley * Independent Catholic News *

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Book SynopsisThe 1994 Rwandan genocide against the Tutsi was the signature moral horror of the late 20th century. Andrew Wallis reveals, for the first time, the personal lives and crimes of the family group (`Akazu’) that destroyed their country and left one million dead. Wallis’ meticulous research uncovers a broad landscape of terror, looking back to the `forgotten’ Rwandan genocide of the early 1960s and the failure by the international community, to learn lessons of prevention and punishment, a failure that would be repeated thirty years later. Taking the rise and fall of Akazu personalities and their mafia-like network as its central strand, Stepp'd in Blood reveals how they were aided and abetted by western governments and the churches for decades. And how post-1994, many successfully evaded international justice to enjoy comfortable retirements in the same countries that supported them when they were in power. Stepp'd in Blood publishes in the year of the 25th commemoration of the Rwandan Genocide.

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Book Synopsis “In this rich and resonant study, Joanna Newman recounts the little-known story of this Jewish exodus to the British West Indies...”—Times Higher Education In the years leading up to the Second World War, increasingly desperate European Jews looked to far-flung destinations such as Barbados, Trinidad, and Jamaica in search of refuge from the horrors of Hitler’s Europe. Nearly the New World tells the extraordinary story of Jewish refugees who overcame persecution and sought safety in the West Indies from the 1930s through the end of the war. At the same time, it gives an unsparing account of the xenophobia and bureaucratic infighting that nearly prevented their rescue—and that helped to seal the fate of countless other European Jews for whom escape was never an option. From the introduction: This book is called Nearly the New World because for most refugees who found sanctuary, it was nearly, but not quite, the New World that they had hoped for. The British West Indies were a way station, a temporary destination that allowed them entry when the United States, much of South and Central America, the United Kingdom and Palestine had all become closed. For a small number, it became their home. This is the first comprehensive study of modern Jewish emigration to the British West Indies. It reveals how the histories of the Caribbean, of refugees, and of the Holocaust connect through the potential and actual involvement of the British West Indies as a refuge during the 1930s and the Second World War.Trade Review “In this rich and resonant study, Joanna Newman recounts the little-known story of this Jewish exodus to the British West Indies from the 1930s to the end of the war ... Through a vivid combination of letters, memoirs and interviews, we learn of the tremendous efforts the newly arrived Jews went to in an attempt to rebuild their shattered lives and recreate something of the Europe they had left behind”. • Times Higher Education “Nearly the New World is a sober, balanced, and deeply nuanced study of the Jewish refugee crisis of the 1930s, the reception of Jews in the West Indies on the eve of decolonization, and the British imperial policies that flowed through it all. Newman uses this history to speak effectively, and without anachronism, to address the current refugee crisis, breaking free from the usual sterile confines of standard academic histories.” • Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs “The volume fills some important gaps in Jewish and Caribbean studies by extending understanding of the nature of diaspora communities from the previous focus on Irish, African, South Asian, and Middle Eastern groups to include the under documented Jewish, and particularly Ashkenazi, presence in the British West Indies. It also contributes to understanding of the history of migration as an important constant in the life of the Caribbean.” • The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs “The work adds significantly to the budding scholarship on World War II and the Caribbean and brings to light the history of a people who have made significant contributions to a challenged but developing region.” • Central European History “…a study very much worth reading, clearly structured and enriched with personal illustrative material. Newman clearly achieves her goal to produce a ‘connected history,’ in which histories of the Caribbean, of refugees, and the Holocaust are linked together.” • H-Soz-Kult “Joanna Newman has done a remarkable job of rescuing an otherwise little-known story of the Holocaust, and her book is to be recommended to those seeking to learn something of the history of Holocaust rescue beyond that reserved for the countries where immigration was a given and refugee resettlement was expected.” • The Journal of British Studies “[This] book is a tour de force covering uncharted territory, exploring aspects that perhaps most readers had never thought about. As always, the historic photos and human-interest stories are fascinating and the detailed notes about sources will be of particular interest to academics.” • Association of Jewish Refugees Journal "A genuinely untold story doesn’t surface too often, but when it does, it’s best to pay attention. Joanna Newman’s diligent and scholarly excavation of Jewish refugees in the Caribbean is a revelation. It adds to what we know about the fate of those who fled the Holocaust; but it is also an excellent primer on colonial history. And it introduces us to a gallery of fascinating characters, many of whom exhibit a characteristic Caribbean mixture of courage, cunning and determination" • Trevor Phillips “Nearly the New World is a richly researched book that addresses a key gap in the historiography of World War II—the forced migration of Jewish refugees to the British West Indies. It is a timely work that will make an invaluable contribution to the scholarly literature on Jewish refugees from the Nazis, Jews in colonial spaces, and the Jewish Caribbean in particular.” • Sarah Phillips Casteel, Carleton University “Joanna Newman’s Nearly the New World is a remarkable achievement. It is the first full study of Jewish refugee movements to the British Caribbean and for that alone it is of immense value. But the significance of this book is much greater. In the field of Holocaust studies it acts as a model, bringing together perspectives from the British imperial government, Jewish refugee organisations, local responses and the experiences of the refugees themselves. It is also a wonderful example of a historian creatively curating sources, ranging from Colonial Office minutes through to the rich resource of Trinidadian calypsos, to explore the history and memory of this neglected topic. For those in refugee studies it is also an important intervention, with the persecuted at the forefront of her study. The author makes clear the connections between the refugees at sea in the Nazi era to find a place of safety and those on migrant boats today. This is a compelling story, beautifully told.” • Professor Tony Kushner, Parkes Institute, University of Southampton and author of Journeys from the Abyss: The Holocaust and Forced Migration from the 1880s to the present (2017). “This book offers an unusual angle of vision on the tragic history of Jews in flight from Europe before and during the Second World War. Joanna Newman shows how British officials and West Indians as well as refugees themselves reacted to the forced emigration of victims of Nazi oppression. She tracks the miserable record of the colonial bureaucracy through a multitude of archives. For the first time, she exposes the scandal of deliberate under-utilization of available refugee camp facilities in Jamaica during the war. Throughout, she injects a human dimension with evidence from letters, memoirs, and interviews. We learn how Jews disembarking in the West Indies were greeted with calypsos, some expressing sympathy at their plight, others resentment at their uninvited arrival. Admirably researched, deeply thoughtful, and wonderfully readable, this book has a vital message for the worldwide humanitarian crisis of our own time, as a new generation of asylum seekers knocks desperately at our doors.” • Bernard Wasserstein, University of ChicagoTable of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. The Contextual Drivers: The British West Indies, the Colonial Office and Jewish Refugee Organisations PART I: CONFRONTING THE NEED FOR REFUGE Chapter 2. Jews Seeking Refuge, 1933–1938 Chapter 3. Panic Migration: The British West Indies And The Refugee Crisis Of 1938/39 PART II: CONFRONTING THE NEED FOR RESCUE Chapter 4. Boat People Chapter 5. Internment, Camps and Missed Opportunities Epilogue Select Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisProviding a novel multi-disciplinary theorization of memory politics, this insightful Handbook brings varied literatures into a focused dialogue on the ways in which the past is remembered and how these influence transnational, interstate, and global politics in the present. With case studies from Africa, East and Southeast Asia, Europe, South America, and the United States, the Handbook focuses on the political features of historical memory in international relations. Chapters examine key concepts of memory politics, including accountability, commemoration and memorialization, the Europeanization of memory, and the politics of trauma and victimhood, as well as analyzing different sites of memory, from the human body and memorial sites to media, film, and television. It also answers essential questions such as who and what determines the relevance of the past in the present; how does memory become a political question; and what are the political effects and ethical implications of its mobilization? Exploring the links between the politics of memory, international ethics, law, and diplomacy, this stimulating Handbook will be essential reading for students and scholars of politics and international relations, cultural studies, history, and transitional justice. Its discussion of notable agents and practices of memory politics will also be beneficial for practitioners working in human rights, politics, and public policy.Trade Review‘Whether in the Russian invasion of Ukraine or in endless conflicts about monuments and school curricula, never before have the politics of memory so dramatically shaped international and domestic politics. This landmark collection of multidisciplinary essays represents the cutting edge of memory studies for scholars and practitioners.’ -- A. Dirk Moses, The City College of New York, US‘The Handbook is a long-awaited, excellent collective discussion on the critical question of memory politics, bringing many different disciplinary perspectives and regional focuses into dialogue. A must-read for all interested in how histories are reinterpreted in light of our present world.’ -- Marlene Laruelle, The George Washington University, US‘This is a superb survey of the politics of memory. Thematically wide-ranging and theoretically sophisticated, it will be of great value to both students and established scholars looking to explore the complex and endlessly contested relationship between past and present.’ -- Duncan Bell, University of Cambridge, UKTable of ContentsContents: 1 Politics of memory: a conceptual introduction 1 Maria Mälksoo PART I CONCEPTS AND CONTROVERSIES 2 Memory, identity and its politics 18 Felix Berenskötter 3 Ontological security and the politics of memory in international relations 31 Filip Ejdus 4 (Inter)national ethics and the politics of memory 46 Brent J. Steele and Luke B. Campbell 5 Law and the politics of memory 65 Uladzislau Belavusau 6 Europeanising memory: the European Union’s politics of memory 81 Aline Sierp 7 Provincializing European memory: transregional heritage politics and memory ethics across China’s Belt(s) and Road(s) Initiative(s) 95 John Njenga Karugia PART II ACTORS AND PRACTICES 8 Agents of memory politics 116 Laure Neumayer 9 The politics of commemoration and memorialization 130 Ljiljana Radonić 10 The politics of trauma and victimhood 147 Adam B. Lerner 11 Regretful memory politics: the way forward or a dead end? 163 Mano Toth 12 The politics of accountability 176 Victor Igreja 13 The politics of reconciliation and memory 191 Johanna Mannergren Selimovic PART III TOOLS AND SITES 14 The human body as site of memory politics 204 Jessica Auchter 15 Memorial sites: siting and sighting memory 216 Charlotte Heath-Kelly 16 Hunting down monuments: the CAF model—characteristics, actors, and functions 228 Ana Milošević 17 Memory in international diplomacy 246 Kathrin Bachleitner 18 (New) media memory 258 Nicole Maurantonio 19 Film, television, and the politics of memory in post-postracial America 272 Alison Landsberg 20 History education 285 Kazuya Fukuoka PART IV CONTEMPORARY CASES 21 World War II in global historical memory 304 Patrick Finney 22 Holocaust and global politics of memory 321 Jelena Subotić 23 ‘Culture war’: the contradictions of conservative representations in the mnemonic battle over the British Empire 334 Tom Bentley 24 Beyond bilateral conflict in the international politics of memory in East Asia: anxiety and reconciliation 349 Karl Gustafsson 25 Remembering the war, forgetting Stalin’s repressions: appeals to family memory in contemporary Russia 362 Ekaterina Haskins 26 From the ‘victim societies’ to the ‘societies of victimisation’: the memory of military atrocities in South America 377 Henrique Tavares Furtado Index

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Book Synopsis Over the course of the long and violent twentieth century, only a minority of international crime perpetrators ever stood trial, and a central challenge of this era was the effort to ensure that not all these crimes remained unpunished. This required not only establishing a legal record but also courage, determination, and inventiveness in realizing justice. Defeating Impunity moves from the little-known trials of the 1920s to the Yugoslavia tribunal in the 2000s, from Belgium in 1914 to Ukraine in 1943, and to Stuttgart and Düsseldorf in 1975. It illustrates the extent to which the language of law drew an international horizon of justice.Trade Review “Defeating Impunity collects strong, substantial new research, often providing the main (or only) English-language presentation of the underlying research in the history of war crimes trials. The editors achieve nuance in a sober and balanced assessment of ‘international justice,’ a topic which previously has inspired cynical dismissal.” • Devin Pendas, Boston CollegeTable of Contents List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Chronology Introduction: Defeating Impunity in Twentieth-Century Europe Ornella Rovetta and Pieter Lagrou Chapter 1. The Law of Military Occupation and the Belgian Trials after 1918 Thomas Graditzky Chapter 2. The Claims of Belgian Deported Workers at the Paris Mixed Arbitral Tribunal in 1924 Arnaud Charon Chapter 3. Coining Postwar Justice from the Margins: Exile Lawyers in London, 1941–1945 Kerstin von Lingen Chapter 4. The Treasure Trove of the United Nations War Crimes Commission Archives, 1943—1949 Wolfgang Form Chapter 5. Legal Imagination and Legal Realism: ‘Crimes against Humanity’ and the US Racial Question in 1945 Guillaume Mouralis Chapter 6. Filling the Legal Void: Jewish Victims, German Offenders and Belgian Judges, 1942–1951 Marie-Anne Weisers Chapter 7. Soviet Footage of War Crimes, 1941–1946: Between Propaganda and Judicial Evidence Vanessa Voisin Appendix 7.1: Circular Sent to the Chiefs of Cinema Front Groups by Fedor Vasilchenko, the Director of Newsreel Production, 8 September 1943 (Excepts) Appendix 7.2: Circular Sent to the Chiefs of Cinema Front Groups by the Director of Newsreel Production Fedor Vasilchenko, 3 December 1943 (Excerpts) Chapter 8. From Majdanek to Demjanjuk: Failures of Justice in Postwar Germany, 1958–2009 Rebecca Wittmann Chapter 9. Force of Fact: Municipal Authorities, Victim Associations and Forensic Science at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia Isabelle Delpla Chapter 10. International Law in Action: The Role of the Legal Advisor in Operations in the Twenty-First Century Chris De Cock Conclusion Ornella Rovetta and Pieter Lagrou Index

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Book SynopsisOver the past 25 years, Rwanda has undergone remarkable shifts and transitions: culturally, economically, and educationally the country has gone from strength to strength. While much scholarship has understandably been retrospective, seeking to understand, document and commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi, this volume gathers diverse perspectives on the changing social and cultural fabric of Rwanda since 1994. Rwanda Since 1994 considers the context of these changes, particularly in relation to the ongoing importance of remembering and in wider developments in the Great Lakes and East Africa regions. Equally it explores what stories of change are emerging from Rwanda: creative writing and testimonies, as well as national, regional, and international political narratives. The contributors interrogate which frameworks and narratives might be most useful for understanding different kinds of change, what new directions are emerging, and how Rwanda’s trajectory is shaped by other global factors.The international set of contributors includes creative writers, practitioners, activists, and scholars from African studies, history, anthropology, education, international relations, modern languages, law and politics. As well as delving into the shifting dynamics of religion and gender in Rwanda today, the book brings to light the experiences of lesser-discussed groups of people such as the Twa and the children of perpetrators.Trade Review‘Rwanda since 1994 supports the field of Rwanda Studies in reorienting itself from genocide history towards progress since the atrocities.’ Anna Katila, WasafiriTable of ContentsIntroductionHannah Grayson and Nicki HitchcottRwanda is Not Hotel RwandaMalaika UwamahoroPart One: A Changing Nation‘Memory-Traces’ in the Works of Felwine Sarr and Bruce Clarke: What Stories of Change Can Commemorate the Genocide Against the Tutsi?Eloïse BrezaultCompeting Narratives and Performances in Rwanda’s Gacaca CourtsAnanda Breed and Astrid JamarHuman Rights Reporting on Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts: a Story of Stagnation and FailureBenjamin Thorne and Julia ViebachThe Incorporation of Women in Rwandan PoliticsLouise Umutoni-BowerRe-branding Rwanda’s Peacekeeping Identity during Postconflict TransitionGeorgina Holmes and Ilaria BuscagliaOne Rwanda for all Rwandans’: (Un)Covering the Batwa in Post-Genocide RwandaMeghan Laws, Richard Ntakirutimana and Bennett CollinsPart Two: Changing PeopleWriting as Reconciliation: Bearing Witness to Life After GenocideCatherine GilbertDecolonizing Trauma Therapy in RwandaCaroline Williamson SinaloPromising Generations: From Intergenerational Guilt to Ndi UmunyarwandaRichard M. BendaImbabazi, Kwicuza & Christian Testimonials of ForgivenessMadelaine HronStories as Change: Using Writing to Facilitate Healing Among Genocide Survivors in RwandaLaura Apol

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Book SynopsisShines long-overdue light on the heroic individuals who took action in the face of the Armenian genocide. This book tells the stories of the Muslims, Christians, Jews and others who made a courageous stand against the mass slaughter of Ottoman Armenians in 1915, the first modern genocide. Foreigners and Ottomans alike ran considerable risks to bear witness and rescue victims, sometimes sacrificing their lives. Diplomats, humanitarians, missionaries, lawyers and other visitors to the Empire stood up, including Tolstoy’s daughter, Alexandra; Raphael Lemkin, the jurist who first established genocide as an international crime; and the polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen, who recognised and relieved the plight of stateless Armenian refugees. Ottoman subjects—from officials and officers to ordinary townspeople and villagers—faced near-certain death for their entire family by resisting orders and helping Armenians. Unlike the Righteous of the Holocaust, these heroes have been systematically ignored and erased—a major injustice. Based on fresh research, and hoping to repay a moral debt to Ottoman Muslims who braved everything to rescue the authors’ forebears, this book is an important, moving testament to a grievously overlooked aspect of the Armenian tragedy.Trade Review‘[This book] has a real contemporary importance.’ -- Labour Hub'Encyclopaedic ... an important historical reference of resistance.' -- The Wall Street Journal

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Book Synopsis Drawing on previously inaccessible and overlooked archival sources, The Herero Genocide undertakes a groundbreaking investigation into the war between colonizer and colonized in what was formerly German South-West Africa and is today the nation of Namibia. In addition to its eye-opening depictions of the starvation, disease, mass captivity, and other atrocities suffered by the Herero, it reaches surprising conclusions about the nature of imperial dominion, showing how the colonial state’s genocidal posture arose from its own inherent weakness and military failures. The result is an indispensable account of a genocide that has been neglected for too long.Trade Review “The author impressively demonstrates that emotions can be the driving force behind cruelty and is able to portray the brutalization of ordinary soldiers, who ultimately also became ‘motor[s] of extermination,’ more clearly than previous studies have done. Fear, bitterness, and frustration in the face of military failures led to violence…Häussler’s work is an innovative, at times brilliant study that deserves a wide readership – hopefully, and thanks to the translation, now also in English-speaking countries.” • Central European History Praise for the German edition: “Matthias Häussler has produced a complex and highly compelling account of the unfolding of mass violence in German South-West Africa. His book includes a range of sources which other historians have largely neglected … or been unable to access.” • Journal of Namibian Studies “Häussler deals less with the causes of violence or possible racist program of extermination than with the conditions, factors and dynamics of a radicalization that ultimately led to genocide. In his differentiated analysis he is aided by a profound knowledge of the sources, materials from state, church and private archives in Germany.” • Historische Zeitschrift “This book was overdue. [… Häussler] successfully endeavors to expand the collection of sources on the history of this genocide, drawing not only on German administrative files but also on British traditions and a large number of private estates” • Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift “This study encourages further research on the relationship between emotion, racism, and the release of violence and is recommended to all those who are interested in processes of unrestricted violence in general or the war in German South West Africa in particular.” • H-Soz-Kult “Häussler shines with an innovative study …The book is recommended not only to all those who are committed to dealing appropriately with the Namibian-German past, but also to those who are directly involved in the ongoing bilateral negotiations between Germany and Namibia.” • The NamibianTable of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. Settlers, Herero, and the Spiral of Violence Chapter 2. The Strategic Horizon: Leutwein – Metropole – Trotha Chapter 3. The Campaign Chapter 4. Small Warfare and Brutalization Chapter 5. From the Regime of the Camps to “Native Policy” Conclusion Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this volume is not simply to compile yet another wearying chronicle of the horrors that have been committed by our fellow human beings. Most students who register for a course on Genocide assume that it will focus, perhaps exclusively, on the Holocaustthe only case with which they are familiar. Many of them have read Elie Wiesel's eloquent masterpiece Night in secondary school, and some may have read The Diary of Anne Frank. A few students might even know that a genocide occurred in Rwanda or Darfur. Like most people, however, they equate genocide simply with mass killing, and assume that genocide must by definition entail millions of deaths. Raphael Lemkin, who coined the word genocidemeaning to kill a people originally defined it a colonial crime of destroying the national patterns of the oppressed and imposing the national patterns of the oppressors. This was a process, Lemkin said, that was intended to destroy a people's culture thatcould sometimes but not necessarily always result in mass murder. Students need to know that after World War II the great powers undermined and co-opted the process of writing the1948 Genocide Convention at the UN. It was written very carefully to remove from the definition of genocide the treatment of Indigenous peoples in the US and Canada; racial lynching and Jim Crowism in the US; the elimination of backwards people to protect human progress in pre-apartheid South Africa, New Zealand and Australia; the mass murder of colonial subjects and repression of racial minorities at the hands of European security forces the world over; the mass murder of political opponents in Latin America; the mass murder of economic or social groups in the Soviet Union; and the blanket removal of any mention of famine and sexual violence as acts that could constitute genocide. Instead, they simply used the Holocaust as a template and succeeded in distorting what Lemkin originally meant by genocidethe murder of a people by destroying their social and cultural connections.Students should also know that Lemkin's ideas were most strongly supported at the UN by member states that were former coloniesnamely Egypt, India, Pakistan, China and the Philippinesand by women within many of the delegations that were working to prevent the UN from succeeding in outlawing genocide, such as those from the US and the UK. When students learn this history can begin to think critically about what international law is and which systems of power international law serves. However, they also need a textbook that guides them to think critically and imaginatively about genocide and the 1948 UN Convention without reducing genocide and the UN Genocide Convention to a crude and cynical analysis of global power struggles. In other words, they need a book that is honest and that resists the temptation to spin ahistorical morality tales.

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Book SynopsisGenocide and war crimes are increasingly the focus of scholarly and activist attention. Much controversy exists over how, precisely, these grim phenomena should be defined and conceptualized. Genocide, War Crimes & the West tackles this controversy, and clarifies our understanding of an important but under-researched dimension: the involvement of the US and other liberal democracies in actions that are conventionally depicted as the exclusive province of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes. Many of the authors are eminent scholars and/or renowned activists; in most cases, their contributions are specifically written for this volume. In the opening and closing sections of the book, analytical issues are considered, including questions of responsibility for genocide and war crimes, and institutional responses at both the domestic and international levels. The central section is devoted to an unprecedentedly broad range of original case studies of western involvement, or alleged involvement, in war crimes and genocide. At a moment in history when terrorism has become a near universal focus of public attention, this volume makes clear why the West, as a result of both its historical legacy and contemporary actions, so often excites widespread resentment and opposition throughout the rest of the world.Trade Review'This exceptionally well selected, brilliantly edited collection of writings provides the most comprehensive treatment of Western responsibility for mass atrocity yet published. The cumulative impact of the volume is a devastating indictment of state terrorism as practised by the West, both historically, and now after September 11 in the name of "anti-terrorism." ' Richard Falk, Professor Emeritus, Princeton University 'In the names of millions of forgotten victims, from Wounded Knee to My Lai, a brilliant tribunal of scholars assail the himalayan hypocrisy of "Western humanitarianism." ' Mike Davis, author of Late Victorian Holocausts ‘Like communist and third world regimes, Western states have been opponents, bystanders, accomplices and perpetrators of genocide and war crimes. In different cases, they have also variously ignored, denied, covered up, re-examined, recanted, and refused to apologise for their roles. Is there a pattern here? "Genocide, War Crimes & the West" is definitely worth reading. In case studies and thematic essays, the authors offer a variety of answers and raise important new questions about democracy, foreign policy, and international law, uncovering the complexity along with the complicity in the West‘s relationships and approaches to genocide and war crimes.‘ Ben Kiernan, Yale University, and editor of Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia. 'This book documents one of the darkest chapters in recent history. It tells the story of what the "First World" - the Western democracies, most prominently the United States -- have done mainly against countries and peoples in the South and in the former socialist world. It is a history of aggression, indiscriminate bombing, war crimes, and massacres since the 1970s, the story of Western complicity in genocide in the South and East, and worse, it is about genocide committed by these democracies themselves. This path-breaking book fills a huge void; it carefully accounts for serious crimes that others have shamefully avoided, omitted or denied.' Christian P. Scherrer, Hiroshima Peace Institute, Japan; author of Genocide and Crisis. ‘A revealing compendium of studies regarding the crimes against humanity committed by "Western democracies." This book should give citizens a better sense of those parts of our history that remain largely unexamined and untaught.‘ Michael Parenti, author of "The Terrorism Trap" and "The Assassination of Julius Caesar: A People‘s History of Ancient Rome"Table of Contents Contents Part I: Overview 1. Introduction: Genocide, War Crimes and the West - Adam Jones 2. Shades of Complicity: Towards a Typology of Transnational Crimes against Humanity - Peter Stoett Part II: Genocide, War Crimes and the West 3. Imperial Germany and the Herero of Southern Africa: Genocide and the Quest for Recompense - Jan-Bart Gewald 4. Genocide by Any Other Name: North American Indian Residential Schools in Context - Ward Churchill 5. The Allies in World War Two: The Anglo-American Bombardment of German Cities - Eric Langenbacher 6. Torture and Other Violations of the Law by the French Army during the Algerian War - Raphaëlle Branche 7. Atrocity and Its Discontents: U.S. Double-Mindedness about Massacre, from the Plains Wars to Indonesia - Peter Dale Scott 8. Bob Kerrey's Atrocity, the Crime of Vietnam, and the Historic Pattern of U.S. Imperialism - S. Brian Willson Document 1 (1) Inaugural Statement to the Russell Vietnam War Crimes Tribunal (1966) -- Jean-Paul Sartre 9. Charles Horman et alia vs. Henry Kissinger: U.S. Intervention in 1970s Chile and the Case for Prosecutions - Mario I. Aguilar 10. The Wretched of the Nations: The West's Role in Human Rights Violations in the Bangladesh War of Independence - Suhail Islam and Syed Hassan 11. Indicting Henry Kissinger: The Response of Raphael Lemkin - Steven L. Jacobs 12. Crimes of the West in Democratic Congo: Reflections on Belgian Acceptance of "Moral Responsibility" for the Death of Lumumba - Thomas Turner 13. In the Name of the Cold War: How the West Aided and Abetted the Barre Dictatorship of Somalia - Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi 14. The Security Council: Behind the Scenes in the Rwanda Genocide - Linda R. Melvern 15. U.S. Policy and Iraq: A Case of Genocide? - Denis J. Halliday Documents 2 & 3 (2) Criminal Complaint against the United States and Others for Crimes against the People of Iraq - Ramsey Clark (3) Letter to the Security Council (2001) - Ramsey Clark 16. The Fire in 1999? The United States, Nato, and the Bombing of Yugoslavia - David Bruce Macdonald 17. Collateral Damage: The Human Cost of Structural Violence - Peter G. Prontzos Part III: Truth and Restitution 18. Institutional Responses to Genocide and Mass Atrocity - Ernesto Verdeja 19. International Citizens' Tribunals on Human Rights - Arthur Jay Klinghoffer 20. Coming to Terms with the Past: The Case for a Truth and Reparations Commission on Slavery, Segregation, and Colonialism - Francis Njubi Nesbitt Document 4(4) Declarations on the Transatlantic Slave Trade - World Conference against Racism: Part IV: Closing Observations 21. Afghanistan and Beyond - Adam Jones 22. Letter to America - Breyten Breytenbach Index

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Book SynopsisIn 1915, the Turkish government systematically organised the wholesale slaughter of a complete race, the Armenians. Under the cover of World War I, through the secret organisation of unofficial gangs of Kurds, released prisoners, German officers and Turks who had lost their lands in the war against the Balkans, over 1 million Armenians were murdered, starved, raped and left to die. Following the War, as the Nationalist movement began to rise up from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire, the allies tried to persecute the perpetrators of the genocide, in a series of trials where the term 'crimes against humanity' was first used, Turkey was allowed to hide its recent history. It has remained hidden ever since. As the nation attempts to enter the European Union, the question of 1915 has become ever more important with the arrest of writers such as Orhan Pamuk, and the introduction of Turkey into the EU.Trade ReviewThe first lucid and comprehensive study of a historical fact - the Armenian Genocide of 1915. * Morning Star *

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Book SynopsisThis study recounts the reasons why the order for the Herero genocide was very likely issued by the Kaiser himself, and why proof of this has not emerged before now. In 1904, the indigenous Herero people of German South West Africa (now Namibia) rebelled against their German occupiers. In the following four years, the German army retaliated, killing between 60,000 and 100,000 Herero people, one of the worst atrocities ever. The history of the Herero genocide remains a key issue for many around the world partly because the German policy not to pay reparations for the Namibian genocide contrasts with its long-standing Holocaust reparations policy. The Herero case bears not only on transitional justice issues throughout Africa, but also on legal issues elsewhere in the world where reparations for colonial injustices have been called for. This book explores the events within the context of German South West Africa (GSWA) as the only German colony where settlement was actually attempted. The study contends that the genocide was not the work of one rogue general or the practices of the military, but that it was inexorably propelled by Germany's national goals at the time. The book argues that the Herero genocide was linked to Germany's late entry into the colonial race, which led it frenetically and ruthlessly to acquire multiple colonies all over the world within a very short period, using any means available. Jeremy Sarkin is Chairperson-Rapporteur of the United Nations Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, and is at present Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York. He is also an Attorney of the High Court of South Africa and of the State of New York. A graduate of theUniversity of the Western Cape and of Harvard Law School he has been visiting professor at several US universities where he has taught Comparative Law, International Human Rights Law, International Criminal Law and Transitional Justice Southern Africa (South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia and Zimbabwe): University of Cape Town Press/JutaTrade Review[A] fine book. * WASHINGTON MONTHLY *Underscores the many issues that are still unresolved and will hopefully inspire further historical research. * CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY *Brings to light another dark chapter in Germany's history, a scholarly addition to any world history collection. * MIDWEST BOOK REVIEW *Table of ContentsIntroduction Aetiology of a genocide Annihilating 'the African tribes with streams of blood & streams of gold': implementing the genocide Did the Kaiser order the genocide? Conclusion

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Book SynopsisTomi Reichental, who lost 35 members of his family in the Holocaust and was the subject of the documentary Till The Tenth Generation, gives his account of being imprisoned as a child at Belsen concentration camp.

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Book SynopsisNew York Times Book of the Year The Blood Telegram is an unprecedented chronicle of a pivotal but little-known chapter of the Cold War. Gary J. Bass shows how Nixon and Kissinger supported Pakistan's military dictatorship as it brutally quashed the results of a historic free election. The Pakistani army launched a crackdown on what was then East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), killing hundreds of thousands of people and sending ten million refugees fleeing to India - one of the worst humanitarian crises of the twentieth century. Driven not just by Cold War realpolitik but by a bitter personal dislike of India and its leader Indira Gandhi, they silenced American officials who dared to speak up, secretly encouraged China to mass troops on the Indian border, and illegally supplied weapons to the Pakistani military - an overlooked scandal that presages Watergate. Drawing on previously unheard White House tapes, recently declassified documents, and extensive interviews with White House staffers and Indian military leaders, The Blood Telegram tells this thrilling story for the first time. Bass makes clear how the United States' embrace of the military dictatorship in Islamabad would mould Asia's destiny for decades, and confronts for the first time Nixon and Kissinger's hidden role in a tragedy that was far bloodier than Bosnia. This is a revelatory, compulsively readable work of politics, personalities, military confrontation, and Cold War brinksmanship.Trade ReviewA gripping and well-researched book . . . Sheds fresh light on a shameful moment in American foreign policy . . . with admirable clarity. * The Economist *A riveting read with direct relevance to many of the most acute foreign-policy debates of today. -- Gideon Rachman * Financial Times *This is a dark and amazing tale [and] an essential - Nixon and Kissinger spent the decades after leaving office burnishing their images as great statesmen. This book goes a long way in showing just how undeserved those reputations are. * The New York Times Book Review *A superb book - Bass deploys White House recordings, including several new transcripts, to excellent effect, and . . . the book contains enough material to make the reader sick . . . Astonishing . . . A morally serious book that nevertheless reads like a first-rate novel. * The Times Literary Supplement *A profoundly disturbing account of the hitherto hidden role of Nixon and Kissinger in the slaughter of hundreds of thousands . . . Bass has defeated the attempted coverup through laborious culling of relevant sections of the Nixon White House tapes, declassified State Department documents and interviews with former officials, American and Indian, who were involved . . . After reading Bass's account of this shameful episode, one has to . . . conclude that where the Bengalis were concerned, Kissinger and Nixon simply did not give a damn. -- Neil Sheehan * The Washington Post *Gary Bass has provided us with a helpful reminder of Nixon's true character. In 'The Blood Telegram', Bass expertly recounts the stunning indifference of Nixon and . . . Henry Kissinger to the reports from US diplomats of Pakistani genocide . . . Vivid, often disquieting detail from Oval Office tapes unearthed by Bass . . . Bass has performed an essential function. * The Guardian *Absorbing . . . Bass draws up a severe indictment of Nixon and Kissinger. -- Pankaj Mishra * The New Yorker *Blistering . . . a must-read. * New York Post *A stellar new book . . . Astonishing . . . a meticulously researched and searing indictment of the shameful role the United States played . . . The book tells of the damage wrought when world leaders abandon rational calculation and allow their country's interests to be subordinated to personal prejudices and animosities. * Foreign Policy *Devastating . . . Excellent . . . Bass has written an account - learned, riveting, and eviscerating - of the delusions and the deceptions of Nixon and Kissinger. Steeped in the forensic skills of a professional academic historian, he also possesses the imaginative energies of a classical moralist, and he tells the story of the choices and the decisions that led to the slaughter in Bengal . . . appropriately as a moral saga . . . Indispensable. -- Sunil Khilnani * The New Republic *Bass takes us inside the Oval Office to reveal the scandalous role America played in the 1971 slaughter in what is now Bangladesh. Largely unknown here, the story combines the human tragedy of Darfur, the superpower geopolitics of the Cuban missile crisis and the illegal shenanigans of Iran-contra . . . [A] harrowing tale. -- Peter Baker * The New York Times *Bass has written the definitive account of the political machinations behind one of the worst (and most widely ignored) humanitarian crises of the 20th century . . . Bass also offers Americans much-needed context about America’s pre-9/11 involvement in a region where it still finds itself with bloody hands . . . 'The Blood Telegram' offers a nuanced yet unflinching look at the juxtaposition of geopolitics and humanitarian crisis. Bass shines a much-needed spotlight on yet another dark corner of modern American history. -- Nick Turse * The Daily Beast *With urgent, cinematic immediacy, Gary Bass reconstructs a critical--and, to this day, profoundly consequential--chapter of Cold War history defined by appalling American complicity in genocidal atrocity, and terrifyingly high-stakes superpower brinksmanship. It is a story of immense scope, vividly populated by figures of enduring fascination, and ripe with implications for the ongoing struggle to strike a more honourable balance between wartime realpolitik and our ideals of common humanity. -- Philip Gourevitch, author of We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our FamiliesIt was a non-subject for scholars, a no man's land for knowledge . . . [u]ntil the arrival of a memorable book by Gary Bass . . . While doing justice to the victims, also, for the first time, draws out for us its lessons . . . The book is also a tribute to politics in its true sense . . . I do want readers to be aware of the appearance of Gary Bass' book, which I hope will be widely read (and translated into French!) . . . A return to Bangladesh is required reading. -- Bernard-Henri Levy * Le Point *Gary Bass has excavated a great tragedy, one that's been forgotten by Americans but is seared into the memory of South Asians. His talents as a scholar, writer, and foreign-policy analyst are on full display in this brilliant work of narrative history. Nixon and Kissinger come damningly alive on the pages of a book that shows, like nothing else I've read, the folly that goes by the name of 'realism'. -- George Packer, author of The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New AmericaGary Bass has done it again, uncovering a dark chapter in the historical record and bringing it vividly to light, forcing us to confront who we were then and who we are now. 'The Blood Telegram' is a richly textured story with many fascinating layers, from the moral bankruptcy of U.S. leaders in the face of genocide to the multi-faceted politics of South Asia and the lasting geopolitical legacy of these events. It's also simply hard to put down! -- Anne-Marie Slaughter, author of A New World OrderGary Bass is unique: an investigative historian who explores the past in a masterly way that combines the best of journalism and scholarship. His latest book reads like an urgent dispatch from the frontline of genocide, a lucid and poignant description of a moral collapse in American foreign policy. Bass has painstakingly written a vital history--and a story, in the best sense of the word--that we must come to grips with. -- Peter Maass, author of Love Thy Neighbor: A Story of War'The Blood Telegram' convincingly unravels the rather shocking truth of the American position in the Pakistan crisis in a well-written narrative . . . This book has the potential to fuel international lawyers to research the legal consequences of the passive stance taken by Nixon and his underlings. * LSE Review of Books *Bass, a reporter turned academic, displays great forensic skill, using secret Whitehouse tapes to show how Nixon and Kissinger covered up their responsibility for the slaughter. Even now, much material remains a secret. * History Today *

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Book SynopsisThe assassination in Istanbul in 2007 of the author Hrant Dink, the high-profile advocate of Turkish-Armenian reconciliation, reignited the debate in Turkey on the annihilation of the Ottoman Armenians. Many Turks subsequently reawakened to their Armenian heritage, in the process reflecting on how their grandparents were forcibly Islamised and Turkified, and the suffering they endured to keep their stories secret. There was public debate about Armenian property confiscated by the Turkish state and books were published about the extermination of the minorities. The silence had been broken. After the First World War, Turkey forcibly erased the memory of the atrocities, and traces of Armenians, from their historic lands, to which the international community turned a blind eye. The price for this amnesia was, Cheterian argues, 'a century of genocide'.Turkish intellectuals acknowledge the price a society must pay collectively to forget such traumatic events, and that Turkey cannot solve its recurrent conflicts with its minorities - like the Kurds today - nor have an open and democratic society without addressing its original sin: the Armenian Genocide, on which the Republic was founded.Trade Review'Cheterian's straightforward historical account does not shy away from a more disturbing aspect of the genocide's legacy where the quest for justice denied over generations spills over into the violence of reprisals, revenge, and terrorism' * LA Review of Books *‘Open Wounds provides a comprehensive insight into many relevant issues with regard to the consequences of denial for Armenians and other minorities such as the Kurds . . . an impressive account of how survivors and successive generations resisted erasure through Armenian historiography, memory politics and the composition and evolution of the diaspora’.'Cheterian's book offers one of the most complete tellings of the twisted, emotional story of the decimation of 1.5 million Armenians in Ottoman Turkey in 1915, during the fury of World War I and the story of the political struggle over the massacre in the century since it occurred.' * Foreign Affairs *'In this extraordinary and beautifully-written book, Cheterian tells us the little known story of the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide of 1915. He reaches into the history and present-day politics of Armenians and Turks to tell a story and provide explanations that have been neglected or elided by others. There is no other text like this.' * Ronald G. Suny, Professor Emeritus of Political Science and History, University of Chicago and former chairman of the Society for Armenian Studies *

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Book SynopsisAccording to the United Nations, Myanmar's Rohingyas are one of the most persecuted minorities in the world. Only now has the media turned its attention to their plight at the hands of a country led by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi. Yet the signs of this genocide have been visible for years. For generations, this Muslim group has suffered routine discrimination, violence, arbitrary arrest and detention, extortion, and other abuses by the Buddhist majority. As horrifying massacres have unfolded in 2017, international human rights groups have accused the regime of complicity in an ethnic cleansing campaign against them. Authorities refuse to recognise the Rohingyas as one of Myanmar's 135 'national races', denying them citizenship rights in the country of their birth and severely restricting many aspects of ordinary life, from marriage to free movement. In this updated edition, Azeem Ibrahim chronicles the events leading up to the current, final cleansing of the Rohingya population, and issues a clarion call to protect a vulnerable, little known Muslim minority. He makes a powerful appeal to use the lessons of the twentieth century to stop this genocide in the twenty-first.Trade Review`The persecution of Rohingyas rests on a belief that they are outsiders ... Ibrahim debunks these claims in his essential new book, claiming that Rohingyas were in Arakan well before 1784, and may even have arrived there before the Buddhist Rakhine. Ibrahim offers a credible genealogy that links Rohingyas to Indo-Aryan groups who arrived from the Ganges Valley as early as 3000 BC.' * London Review of Books * `Ibrahim dwells on the history of the Rohingya in order to give an account of how and why they have come to arouse such fear and loathing. ... [his] analysis is excellent.' * Literary Review *

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Book SynopsisThe Famine in Ireland is still a very current and emotive subject which draws readers from all spheres. This book tells a story not unique to Cork and of interest to a national population.Explores the many areas of life in Cork Workhouse (now St Fin Barre's Hospital).Includes new research on medicine, lifestyle, economics, politics, diet, sociology and statistics.Sketches in the background to the introduction of the warehouse system in the British Isles, under the Poor Law.

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Book SynopsisIn the 12 years that the National Socialist Party was in power in Germany, upwards of 15,000 concentration and labour camps were established in the Greater Reich and the occupied countries to incarcerate all who were deemed enemies of the state. Contents includes: GERMANY Dachau, Oranienburg, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, Ohrdruf, Flossenburg, Neuengamme, Ravensbruck, Niederhagen/Wewelsburg, Bergen-Belsen, Mittelbau-Dora-Nordhausen, Arbeitsdorf. AUSTRIA Mauthausen. BELGIUM Breendonk, Mechelen: Caserne Dossin. CZECHOSLOVAKIA Theresienstadt. ESTONIA Vaivara/Klooga. FRANCE French Transit Camps, Natzweiler-Struthof, Wiesengrund/Vaihingen. HOLLAND Westerbork, Amersfoort, Herzogenbusch/Vught. ITALY Fossoli, Bolzano, Risiera di San Sabba. LATVIA Riga-Kaiserwald. LITHUANIA Kauen. NORWAY Falstad, Grini. UNITED KINGDOM Alderney, Channel Islands. BERLIN Wannsee Conference and Operation Reinhard'. POLAND The Warsaw Ghetto, Majdanek-Lublin, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno, Gross-Rosen, Stutthof-Danzig, Krakow-Plaszow, Auschwitz , Birkenau, War Crimes Trials.

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Book SynopsisWinston and Gail Ramsey This book focuses on the systems used by the Axis powers for the governance of the countries that they occupied during the Second World War. It would be easy to assume that the administration of each country was carried out on a somewhat ad hoc basis, but streams of detailed orders and decrees were enacted to cover all aspects of everyday life . . . from finance to crime. Dr Raphael Lemkin was a Polish émigré and the person who coined the term `genocide’ during his study of international law concerning crimes against humanity which he began in 1933 — the year that the Nazis assumed power in Germany. Dr Lemkin’s much-acclaimed work Axis Rule in Occupied Europe was published in 1944 and extracts from it now form the framework on which we have built this `then and now’ coverage of the occupation of Czechoslovakia, Memel, Albania, Danzig, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Monaco, the Channel Islands, Greece, Yugoslavia, the Baltic states, the Soviet Union, Romania, Italy and Hungary. Individual chapters also cover the most serious crimes committed by the occupier: the destruction of whole villages in Czechoslovakia, France, the Netherlands and Greece, and the genocidal acts carried out in Italy, Greece and Belgium, although nothing can equal the wholesale slaughter enacted in the Balkans and the USSR. It has been estimated that the Axis occupation of Europe cost between 20 and 25 million civilian lives, apart from the deaths of at least 16 million servicemen and women who paid the ultimate price in trying to put Europe back together again. It is a debt that can never be repaid. SIZE 12”×8½”   368 PAGES   OVER 1,000 ILLUSTRATIONS ISBN 9 781870 067935  £39.95

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Book SynopsisWar in the Balkans in the 1990s displaced millions, including nearly 20,000 refugees from Bosnia-Herzegovina to the American city of St Louis. This text looks at the impact of the war and the reality of ""ethnic cleansing"" in the life of one extended Bosnian family in St Louis.

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Book Synopsis'An indispensable account' – Sunday Times 'Moving and devastating' – The Literary Review 'An intimate, highly sensory self-portrait' – Sunday Telegraph (Five Stars) FIRST MEMOIR ABOUT CHINA'A ‘RE-EDUCATION’ CAMPS BY A UYGHUR WOMAN Since 2017, one million Uyghurs have been seized by the Chinese authorities and sent to ‘re-education’ camps, in what the US Government and human rights groups describe as a genocide. Few have made it out to the West. One is Gulbahar Haitiwaji. For three years, she endured hundreds of hours of interrogations, freezing cold, forced sterilisation, and a programme of de-personalisation meant to destroy her free will and her memories. This intimate account reveals the long-suppressed truth about China’s gulag. It tells the story of a woman confronted by an all-powerful state bent on crushing her spirit – and her battle for freedom and dignity. Extract ‘In the camps, the ‘re-education’ process applies the same remorseless method to destroying all its victims. It starts out by stripping you of your individuality. It takes away your name, your clothes, your hair. There is nothing now to distinguish you from anyone else. 'Then the process takes over your body by subjecting it to a hellish routine: being forced to repeatedly recite the glories of the Communist Party for eleven hours a day in a windowless classroom. Falter, and you are punished. So you keep on saying the same things over and over again until you can’t feel, can’t think anymore. You lose all sense of time. First the hours, then the days.’ - Gulbahar Haitiwaji Reviews 'Gulbahar's memoir is an indispensable account, which makes vivid the stench of fearful sweat in the cells, the newly built prison's permanent reek of white pain. It closely corresponds with other witness statements, giving every indication of being very reliable. Most impressive is her psychological honesty.' – John Phipps, Sunday Times 'Huge efforts have been made to obfuscate the realities of life in the camps (even speaking openly in Xinjiang about them can lead to incarceration). Although their existence has been well documented abroad and grudgingly admitted by the Chinese state, relatively few first-hand accounts of what actually goes on inside them have emerged. One is Gulbahar Haitiwaji's moving and devastating How I Survived a Chinese 'Re-education' Camp.' – Roderic Wye, Literary Review 'There follows an intimate, highly sensory self-portrait, created with the help of Rozenn Morgat (a journalist with Le Figaro), of an educated woman passing through a system that appears at turns cruel, paranoid, capricious and devastatingly effective. It begins with the confiscation of Haitiwaji's passport and a police interrogation during which she is shown a photograph of her daughter attending a Uyghur demonstration in Paris. One of the interrogators starts bawling at her - "Your daughter's a terrorist!" and before long Haitiwaji is plunged into a bewildering world of shackles, bunks and beaten-earth floors; grey gruel and stale bread served up by deaf-mute cooks selected for their silence; the sounds and smells of the communal toilet-bucket; and the buzz of security camera motors as they scan the cell.' ***** – Christopher Harding, Sunday Telegraph Translated from the French book Rescapée du goulag chinois (Équateurs), How I Survived a Chinese Reeducation Camp is a riveting insight into an authoritarian world. A true story, it reads like a 21st Century version of George Orwell's 1984 set in modern China. Extract In the camp, I wasn’t Gulbahar, but Number 9. I was forbidden from speaking Uighur, or from praying. There was something extra about the taste of the vile slop that filled our bowls. Were they drugging our meals to make us lose our memories? Physically and mentally, I became a ghost. My weight plummeted. The blinding light worsened my vision, and beneath my eyes, heavy rings made two pockets of shadow. My heart beat so weakly that I could no longer feel it when I pressed my palm to my chest. Whenever I was deemed to have broken the rules, I was slapped or, on one occasion, shackled to a bed for a fortnight. I underwent hundreds of hours of nightmarish interrogations, until chaos gradually took over my soul. Every week, women were taken away and we never saw them again. At night, we’d wake to terrifying screams, as if someone was being tortured upstairs. We listened in silence, absolutely still, to howls that pierced the night. They were the cries of women going mad, begging guards not to hurt them any more. Death lurked in every corner. When the footfalls of guards woke us in the night, I thought our time had come to be executed. When a hand viciously pushed hair-clippers across my skull, I shut my eyes, thinking I was being readied for the scaffold, the electric chair, or drowning. For two years, my husband, Kerim, and two daughters, Gulhumar and Gulnigar, had no idea where I was. They imagined the worst. They believed me dead. I was born into a Uighur family that had lived in Xinjiang for generations. This jewel, more than six times the size of the UK, is at the far western end of China. Its riches include gold, diamonds, natural gas, uranium, and – above all – oil. Since being annexed by the China, we Uighurs have been the stone in the Beijing regime’s shoe. Xinjiang is far too rich a strategic corridor for it to lose and President Xi Jinping wants it cleansed of separatist populations. In short, China wants a Xinjiang without Uighurs. Buy the book to carry on readingTrade Review'Gulbahar's memoir is an indispensable account, which makes vivid the stench of fearful sweat in the cells, the newly built prison's permanent reek of white pain. It closely corresponds with other witness statements' – Sunday Times 'Although [the camps'] existence has been well documented abroad and grudgingly admitted by the Chinese state, relatively few first-hand accounts of what actually goes on inside them have emerged. One is Gulbahar Haitiwaji's moving and devastating How I Survived a Chinese 'Re-education' Camp' – The Literary Review 'An intimate, highly sensory self-portrait, created with the help of Rozenn Morgat (a journalist with Le Figaro), of an educated woman passing through a system that appears at turns cruel, paranoid, capricious and devastatingly effective.' – Sunday Telegraph (Five Stars)'Gulbahar's memoir is an indispensable account, which makes vivid the stench of fearful sweat in the cells, the newly built prison's permanent reek of white pain. It closely corresponds with other witness statements, giving every indication of being very reliable. Most impressive is her psychological honesty.' – John Phipps, Sunday Times 'Huge efforts have been made to obfuscate the realities of life in the camps (even speaking openly in Xinjiang about them can lead to incarceration). Although their existence has been well documented abroad and grudgingly admitted by the Chinese state, relatively few first-hand accounts of what actually goes on inside them have emerged. One is Gulbahar Haitiwaji's moving and devastating How I Survived a Chinese 'Re-education' Camp.' – Roderic Wye, Literary Review 'There follows an intimate, highly sensory self-portrait, created with the help of Rozenn Morgat (a journalist with Le Figaro), of an educated woman passing through a system that appears at turns cruel, paranoid, capricious and devastatingly effective. It begins with the confiscation of Haitiwaji's passport and a police interrogation during which she is shown a photograph of her daughter attending a Uyghur demonstration in Paris. One of the interrogators starts bawling at her - "Your daughter's a terrorist!" and before long Haitiwaji is plunged into a bewildering world of shackles, bunks and beaten-earth floors; grey gruel and stale bread served up by deaf-mute cooks selected for their silence; the sounds and smells of the communal toilet-bucket; and the buzz of security camera motors as they scan the cell.' ***** – Christopher Harding, Sunday TelegraphTable of ContentsPreface. Rozen Morgan, Le Figaro journalist and co-author, introduces the story of Gulbahar Haitiwaji, a Uyghur woman who was tricked into returning to China and imprisoned in its ethnic 're-education' camps. The introduction contains an overview of the persecution of the Uyghur minority in Xinjiang Table of Contents. Lists the chapters for this first-hand account by a survivor of China's prison camps, amid the Chinese Communist Party's apparent genocide of members of the Uyghur minority people in the Xinjiang province, in north-west China 1. A Family Wedding. The boisterous Uyghur wedding of Gulbahar's daughter, Gulhumur, sets the scene on the happy days enjoyed by the Haitiwaji family in exile in France. Gulbahar explains her family's history and story in their homeland of Xinjiang, while outlining the persecution of the Uyghurs 2. China Calling. A representative at Gulbahar's former employer asks her to return to China to sign some pension papers. By then Gulbahar had joined her engineer husband Kerim in France. Despite rising persecution of Uyghurs, Gulbahar has returned to Xinjiang several times without incident 3. A Police Interview. When she arrives back in Xinjiang, Gulbahar is questioned and then arrested and grilled by police about whether she supports Uyghur independence, whether she has any links to the World Uyghur Congress, and her daughter's appearance at a Uyghur protest rally in Paris 4. Communist Party Glories. Gulbahar, a Uyghur woman who has committed no crime other than being a Uyghur (Uighur) in Xinjiang, is taken to a prison camp where she is taught to celebrate the glories of the Chinese Communist Party. In the cell, the Uyghur language is banned. Only Mandarin is allowed. 5. Shackled to a Bed. In Cell 202 in a Xinjiang detention centre, Gulbahar discovers the harsh lessons meted out to Uyghur prisoners in the Chinese Communist Party's 're-education' gulag. Xinjiang is earmarked for a key road in Xi Jinping's 'Belt & Road' initiative, also known as China's New Silk Roads 6. Inside Cell 202. Unshackled, Gulbahar is given her original clothes and told she will be leaving for a 'school' where she will be formally 're-educated' out of Uyghur culture and shown a new more fulfilling life as a humble and devoted servant of the Chinese Communist Party 7. ‘School’ with Xi Jinping. At her new 'school' in Baijiantan, Xinjiang, Gulbahar monotonously recites patriotic songs and slogans aimed at ensuring Uyghurs obey the Chinese Communist Party. Mentions Tiananmen Square, communist indoctrination, Chinese patriotic songs 8. Nadira Vanishes. All of a sudden, Gulbahar's cell-mate Nadira, a fellow Uyghur woman, goes missing: no-one knows what has happened to her. At night, Gulbuhar hears the screams of other inmates held in the 'reeducation' facility – Muslim persecution in Xinjiang, Uighur re-education camp, Xi Jinping 9. A Reunion with Hope. Gulbahar is reunited with her two sisters, during a brief visit to the re-education facility at Baijiantan. She asks for news of Kerim, Gulhumur and Gulnigar in France. Mentions Uyghur guards, Uighur genocide, Uighur humans rights abuses, Ürümqi 10. ‘Re-education’ is Working. The endless repetition of songs and slogans starts to erode Gulbahar's soul, diminishing her ability to keep hold of their own feelings and mental stability. Gulbahar is proud of her Uyghur culture, but her own personality and culture are slowing slipping away 11. Losing Body and Mind. After a year's detention, Gulbahar's health starts to deteriorate along with her mental health. The camp's medical staff inject her with "a vaccination" which stops the periods of younger Uyghur women inmates. China has been accused of forcibly sterilising Uyghur women 12. World Discovers the Camps. The 'relentless clockwork of brainwashing' at the re-education camp finally succeeds in demoralising Gulbahar, as China's campaign against Uyghurs is stepped up with authorities collecting DNA, fingerprints, retinal scans, and blood types of millions of citizens 13. France Discovers Gulbahar. The plight of the Uyghurs becomes better known around the world. Meanwhile France's foreign ministry becomes 'aware' of Gulbahar's fate and starts to negotiate with the Chinese authorities for her release. Mentions Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch 14. Moved to a Bigger Camp. Amid protests and diplomacy from France, Gulbahar - 'Number 9' - is moved to an even bigger camp in Xinjiang, where she is told she is about to face her trial. Mentions Uyghur protest in Paris, Uyghur trial, Uighur persecution, Uyghur prison warders 15. ‘No 9. Your Turn!’. Gulbahar is tried in a Kafkaesque hearing at her prison camp, with a cameraman filming the proceedings for the Chinese Communist Party. She is sentenced for seven years imprisonment, seemingly for nothing other than the crime of being a Uyghur woman in Xinjiang province. 16. Where is Gulbahar? Gulbahar's daughter Gulhumar is interviewed on France 24 about her mother's fate, drawing the French public's attention to her incarceration in China. Meanwhile, the Xinjiang Victims Database, maintained by people of the diaspora, reveals the sheer number of Uyghurs sucked into China's gulag 17. Letting Myself Die. After more than a year in detention and facing a meaningless birthday incarcerated in China's desert prisons for Uyghurs, Gulbahar decides to let herself die. Then she realises, amid the interrogations, that the Chinese do not have enough evidence to keep her locked up 18. Battles With Tasqin. Gulbahar undergoes interrogation by a policeman called Tasqin. Relentlessly, he tries to get Gulbahar to confess her 'crimes'. Mentions Karamay, Uighur diaspora, Chinese jails, Uighur re-education, Rebiya Kadeer, Uyghur leader, Uyghur terrorism 19. Freedom? Still locked up in the prison in Xinjiang, Gulbahar is - amazingly - told she can go free by Tasqin. She is unaware of the diplomatic pressure the French government is exerting on China with the aim of securing her release. Mentions Uyghur minority, Uighurs imprisoned, Uyghur imprisonment 20. Fruit and Mint Tea. Freed from the re-education camp system where she has been kept by the Chinese authorities for the past two years, Gulbahar is transferred to an apartment block in Karamay, Xinjiang. There she is guarded by eleven Chinese police officers. Her police guards encourage her to eat. 21. Phoning Home. Under house arrest, Gulbahar is allowed to phone home to her family in France, whose diplomats have been urging China to allow her to return to her family. Some of Gulbahar's guards are Uyghurs. Don't they realise that the Chinese want to wipe the Uyghurs off the face of the earth? 22. Monitored All Day. The Chinese secret police encourage Gulbahar to bulk up her camp-ravaged body by eating. She is told that she cannot skip meals. She is also told to urge her family to remove all negative mentions of China's mistreatment of the Uyghurs from social media posts 23. Back in Karamay. Accompanied by her secret police minders, Gulbahar is taken to a shopping mall where she is allowed to purchase new clothes to improve her appearance. Mentions Uyghur city, Kashgar, Tian Shan mountains, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Silk Road, Taklamakan Desert, Sinicisation 24. Cooking for the Secret Police. As she continues her bizarre apartment life, Gulbahar feeds her secret police monitors. After two years in the re-education camps, she begins to rediscover the momentum of ordinary life, as a free Uyghur. She dreams that one day she will be reunited with her family. 25. The Truth is Voiceless. Gulbahar muses how Uyghurs in Xinjiang are forbidden from telling their story. They must remain mute to the outside world while they undergo the most vicious persecution by the Hans Chinese authorities. Gulbahar is allowed to meet her sisters and mother 26. Closing My File. When she returns to the apartment in Karamay, in the swelling heat of a Xinjiang summer, her house arrest is lifted and she is moved to a hotel room. At a short hearing, a judge overturns the seven-year prison sentence she received earlier and pronounces that she is innocent 27. Landing. On 21st August 2019, after more than two years lost in China's re-education camp system, Gulbahar Haitiwaji flies home to her family in France. Mentions French foreign policy, Uyghur internment, Uighurs interned in Xinjiang, Uyghur minority, Uyghur genocide biography, Amnesty Afterword by Rozenn Morgat. Gulbahar is still haunted by her experiences as a persecuted Uyghur, Morgat writes. 'Poor sleep from short, restless nights keeps her in a state of constant, nagging fatigue. Her vision has also deteriorated badly and she has violent headaches Acknowledgements. Rozenn Morgan thanks the many people who made it possible to tell Gulbahar's extraordinary story. Mentions Editions des Equateurs, Jeanne Pham Tran, Gulhumar Haitiwaji

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Book SynopsisA powerful photo journey into the resilience and hope of Gazaâs children amid conflict.

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