Genocide and ethnic cleansing Books

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Book SynopsisAt the time of drafting the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention), the drafters were hopeful that the document will be the response needed to ensure that the world would never again witness such atrocities as committed by the Nazi regime. While, arguably, there has been no such great loss of human lives as during WWII, genocidal incidents have and still take place. After WWII, we have witnessed the genocides in Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia, Darfur, to name only a few. The responses to these atrocities have always been inadequate. Every time the world leaders would come together to renew their promise of ‘Never Again’. However, the promise has never materialised. In 2014, Daesh unleashed genocide against religious minorities in Syria and Iraq. Before the world managed to shake off from the atrocities, in 2016, the Burmese military launched a genocidal campaign against the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. This was followed by reports of ever-growing atrocities against Christian minorities in Nigeria. Without waiting too long, in 2018, China proceeded with its genocidal campaign against the Uyghur Muslims. In 2020, the Tigrayans became the victims of ethnic targeting. Five cases of mass atrocities that, in the space of just five years, all easily meet the legal definition of genocide. Again, the response that followed each case has been inadequate and unable to make a difference to the targeted communities. This legacy does not give much hope for the future. The question that this books hopes to address is what needs to change to ensure that we are better equipped to address genocide and prevent the crime in the future.Table of ContentsForward by Baroness Helena Kennedy QCIntroduction1. Genocide as the Crime Above All Crimes2. The Chinese Government's Genocide of Uyghurs3. The Burmese Military's Genocide4. The Daesh Genocide Against Religious Minorities in Syria and Iraq5. The Genocide in Nigeria - A Mirror Image of Darfur6. Other Situations of Concern7. Why Are They Getting Away with Genocide?

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Book SynopsisRebuilding societies where conflict has occurred is rarely a simple process, but where conflict has been accompanied by gross and systematic violations of human rights, the procedure becomes fraught with controversy. This volume brings together eminent scholars and practitioners with direct experience of some of the most challenging contemporary cases of international justice, and illustrates that justice and accountability remain complex ideals.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the George McT. Kahin Prize, Association for Asian Studies""Winner of the Distinguished Book Award in Non-U.S. History, Society for Military History""Winner of the Raphael Lemkin Book Award, Institute for the Study of Genocide""Longlisted for the 2019 ICAS Book Prize in Humanities, International Convention of Asia Scholars""One of the Financial Times' Best Books of 2018: History""One of Foreign Affairs' Picks for Best of Books 2018"

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Book SynopsisYezidi survivors speak out in this important history of persecution and genocideTrade Review'A comprehensive, indispensable work' -- 'Südwind''The discrimination, exclusion and persecution of the Yezidis did not just begin in 2014 with the so-called Islamic State. Thomas Schmidinger shows with great dedication the anatomy of a subtle genocide against the Yezidis in last two hundred years' -- Professor Jan Ilhan Kizilhan, Director of the Institute for Genocide and Peace Studies, Stuttgart'An important book delving into the history and recent memory of the community, a vivid reminder of how the past and present of the Yezidis continue to be painfully intertwined' -- Nelida Fuccaro, Professor of Modern Middle Eastern History at the New York University Abu Dhabi'Thomas Schmidinger is one the best experts on the region. This book is a must read' -- Josef Weidenholzer, former MEP and Professor Emeritus, University of Linz, Austria'Fills a void in the literature. Through impressive first-hand documentation, the book explains the culture and history of this unique community in sympathetic terms and details the rapacious genocidal aggression of ISIS to obliterate this ancient Mesopotamian community' -- Tareq Y. Ismael, Professor of Political Science, University of Calgary, CanadaTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Preface to the English edition Timeline Abbreviations Maps Introduction Part I History of Sinjar and the genocide 1. The Sinjar Mountains as a natural space 2. Sinjar in ancient times 3. From the Islamic conquest to the periphery of the Ottoman Empire 4. The religion of the Êzîdî 5. Social order and religious office-holders of the Êzîdî 6. The tribal society in Sinjar 7. Sinjar in the late Ottoman Empire 8. The British occupation and protectorate 9. The Êzîdî in Iraq 10. Resentments against the Êzîdî 11. Ethno-confessional groups in the Sinjar region: Êzîdî, Christians, Jews and Muslims 12. Sinjar under the rule of the Ba’th Party 13. After the fall of Saddam Hussein: between Baghdad and Erbil 14. The massacre of 14 August 2007: the 73rd firman? 15. Encircled by jihadists 16. The IS genocide in August 2014 17. Genocide 18. The reintroduction of slavery and sexual violence 19. Struggle for liberation: regional conflicts in the smallest spaces 20. The life of the displaced 21. Regional conflicts: Sinjar in the crosshairs of Turkey and Iran 22. Marginalised and instrumentalised: is there a future for the Êzîdî in Iraq? Part II Photographs Part III Interviews Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"[Stearns] makes a convincing case that the violence has been sustained by a ‘military bourgeoisie’ that benefits from instability by plundering natural resources and foreign aid."---Nicolas van de Walle, Foreign Affairs"There should be more conceptual books on this topic, and this is one of them. Haven’t you wondered why this war drags on for decades, without resolution? Start your quest for an answer here."---Tyler Cowen, Marginal Revolution

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Book SynopsisIn Drunk on Genocide, Edward B. Westermann reveals how, over the course of the Third Reich, scenes involving alcohol consumption and revelry among the SS and police became a routine part of rituals of humiliation in the camps, ghettos, and killing fields of Eastern Europe. Westermann draws on a vast range of newly unearthed material to explore how alcohol consumption served as a literal and metaphorical lubricant for mass murder. It facilitated performative masculinity, expressly linked to physical or sexual violence. Such inebriated exhibitions extended from meetings of top Nazi officials to the rank and file, celebrating at the grave sites of their victims. Westermann argues that, contrary to the common misconception of the SS and police as stone-cold killers, they were, in fact, intoxicated with the act of murder itself. Drunk on Genocide highlights the intersections of masculinity, drinking ritual, sexual violence, and mass murderTrade ReviewEdward B. Westermann has now produced a book that pays tribute to all strands of research while, at the same time, highlighting an element that will need to be included in all future considerations: the stimulation of the murderers through alcohol. * American Historical Review *Drunk on Genocide is an essential read, and one that offers considerable insights into the intimate relationship between ritualized intoxication, cults of masculinity, ideological antisemitism, and the mass murders in the bloodlands of the east. * EuropeNow *Westermann uses a wide variety of primary sources ranging from photos to diaries to interviews to understand the behaviors and beliefs of perpetrators. It is a remarkably challenging book to read. But a necessary one. * New Books Network *[Ed Westermann's work provides an invaluable insight into the mindset and mentality of the everyday executioners of the racial war in the east. * German History *Drawing on several decades of research into Nazi police battalions and comparative genocide, Westermann employs social, anthropological, and gender theories to create a framework that effectively analyzes the relationship between alcohol and mass murder. * Journal of Military History *Drunk on Genocide is a important and terryfing book that tackles a persistent question in the study of the Holocaust and World War II: how was it possible that the Germans killed so many people and behaved so brutally in the Soviet territory they invaded and occupied? * Slavic Review *Westermann's work is incredibly thoroughly researched with a rich amount of survivor testimony that gives voice to the victims. Drunk on Genocide is a compelling work with a well-researched argument. * The Middle Ground Journal *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Alcohol and the Masculine Ideal 2. Rituals of Humiliation 3. Taking Trophies and Hunting Jews 4. Alcohol and Sexual Violence 5. Celebrating Murder 6. Alcohol, Auxiliaries, and Mass Murder 7. Alcohol and the German Army Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIdeology and Mass Killing offers the first dedicated study of the role of radical ideologies in different kinds of 'mass killing', such as genocides, large-scale war crimes, and campaigns of state terror.Trade ReviewIn explaining why states or armed groups employ extreme violence, Jonathan Leader Maynard questions the sufficiency of dominant rationalist accounts and argues for ideology's central role. He rejects associations of ideology with revolutionary fanaticism, arguing that the key ideological foundations of mass killing are radical reinterpretations of conventional ideas about security. This ambitious and elegantly written book not only offers a fresh conceptualization of ideology, but also demonstrates through careful comparative historical analysis how ideologies shape the goals, organization, and legitimation of mass killing. It is essential reading for all those interested in understanding and preventing atrocity crimes. * Jennifer Welsh, Professor of Global Governance and Security, McGill University, and former Special Adviser to the UN Secretary General on the Responsibility to Protect *In this excellent book, Jonathan Leader Maynard develops a powerful argument about the centrality of ideology to the occurrence of mass killing and genocide. The book takes us farther than previous scholarship in showing how ideology drives the selection and perpetration of mass atrocity. A major contribution to the study of violence, the work should be read widely as a rigorous account of how and why ideas matter in shaping political outcomes * Scott Straus, Professor of Political Science at the University of California-Berkeley and author of Making and Unmaking Nations *Either dismissed as causally inconsequential or else overstated as the paramount factor, the role of ideology in mass killings has long been a bone of scholarly contention. Jonathan Leader Maynard brings a welcome fresh perspective to this debate and offers a new theory of how and why ideology matters in such violence. We should stop picking sides - strategic security objectives are entirely reconcilable with extremist beliefs. This book explains in legible English the various ways in which ideology operated for the architects and executioners of violence in places as disparate as the Soviet Union, Guatemala, and Rwanda. It will bring much-needed momentum to the debate and move it forward. * Omar McDoom, Associate Professor in Comparative Politics, London School of Economics and Political Science *Ideology and Mass Killing has a...typical social scientific structure...The writing anticipates questions one imagines the author has received many times and addresses them with genuine intellectual excitement. The text is clearly structured and easy to navigate. Readers with different backgrounds can read chapters in different orders. * Darius Rejali, Human Rights Review *The core thrust of Ideology and Mass Killing is that looking at the political ideology of the perpetrators can explain issues of genocide and mass murder. The argument continues that these ideologies provide the distinctive world view necessary for genocide or mass killing to occur. Leader Maynard (King's College London) does well to explain how ideologies work toward the commission of genocide or mass killing...This offers a new take on an important area of exploration for genocide and mass killing scholars. * Choice *Leader Maynard's multidisciplinary framework sheds light on the complex processes that leads to mass killing,...it can fill in the gaps of many important tools,...Historians too, will benefit from applying the book's 'ideological infrastructure'. * Thomas William Peak, Vilnius University, Lithuania, International Affairs *Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Clarifying Ideology 3: How Does Ideology Explain Mass Killing? 4: The Hardline Justification of Mass Killing 5: Stalinist Repression 6: Allied Area Bombing in World War II 7: Mass Killing in Guatemala's Civil War 8: The Rwandan Genocide 9: Conclusion

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Book SynopsisDavid Belton worked as a producer at BBC Newsnight in the 1990s where, amongst many foreign assignments, he covered the civil war in Bosnia and the genocide in Rwanda. In 2002, he co-wrote the story and produced the award-winning feature film Shooting Dogs based on real events that had taken place during the Rwandan genocide. He has since produced and directed many critically acclaimed and award-winning documentaries for British and American television. He lives in Oxford with his family.Trade ReviewTremendous. A moving and haunting tribute to the human spirit -- WILLIAM BOYDDavid Belton has written something very special, a work of non-fiction that has a novel’s power to move, enchant and challenge. This elegantly-written book is much more than a history, a work of lyrical beauty that will stand as a memorial not just for those who died in the genocide but to those of us who struggle to make a difference. -- Tim Butcher, author of BLOOD RIVERComplex, compassionate and scathing… Much of the writing … has a literary power that lifts it above normal journalistic or non-fiction practice: Jean-Pierre’s confinement in his mud-walled hole has shades of Beckett, and both Odette and Curic seem like Brechtian heroes. * Giles Foden *Belton excavates the truth and layers the political, social and military dimensions of the conflict onto three peoples’ stories, to produce a book that is both illuminating and profoundly moving. -- Aminatta Forna * Independent *Brings the story right up to date, confronting the dilemmas and tensions that lie not far below the surface ... * Observer *

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Book SynopsisRonan Lee is a Doctoral Prize Fellow at Loughborough University London's Institute for Media and Creative Industries. His research focusses on the Rohingya, genocide, hate speech, migration, and Asian politics. Ronan has been a Visiting Scholar at the International State Crime Initiative, School of Law, Queen Mary University of London, and was a Queensland State Member of Parliament (2001-2009), serving on the frontbench as a Parliamentary Secretary (2006-2008) in portfolios including Justice, Main Roads and Local Government, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships. He has also worked as a senior government advisor, and as an election strategist and campaign manager. Ronan was awarded the Early Career Emerging Scholar Prize 2021 by the International Association of Genocide Scholars.Trade Review25 years after the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, will the international community really allow this to happen again? With Ronan Lee's profound new offering, we can no longer claim ignorance about the horrific plight of the Rohingya people. * Lieutenant-General (ret) The Honourable Romeo Dallaire *Ronan Lee's book is one of the most important studies of the ongoing genocide against the Rohingya in Myanmar to date. It seeks to understand the Rohingya situation in its proper historical context and contemporary political situation, offering a fair, reliable, insightful analysis that identifies the many factors that will keep contributing to this crisis. The biggest contribution, however, is the examination of the genocide from the perspectives of different individuals involved in the crisis, which reveals just how complicated and difficult a resolution will be. This book is highly recommended to anyone seeking to understand the crisis, and importantly, those in governments and NGOs who can adapt practice on the basis of insights a careful reading of this volume offers. * Professor Michael W. Charney, SOAS, UK *In his new book, Myanmar’s Rohingya Genocide, Lee in effect predicted the current seizure of power by the military ... Lee conducted fieldwork in Myanmar and its neighbouring countries, and his book is determined to tell the stories of the Rohingya themselves. * The National *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acronyms Introduction: Bamboo, Tarpaulin and Mud Chapter 1. Rohingya Roots in Ancient Arakan Chapter 2. British Colonial Rule and Rohingya Identity Chapter 3. Citizenship Laws: Making Rohingya Stateless Chapter 4. Myanmar’s Failed Political Transition Chapter 5. Conflicting Historical Narratives Chapter 6. People Would Like to Demolish Our History Chapter 7. We are Rohingya Chapter 8. Seeking Common Ground Acknowledgements Bibliographical Survey Notes Index

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Book SynopsisTalar Chahinianholds a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from UCLA and lectures in the Program for Armenian Studies at UC Irvine, USA, where she is also Visiting Faculty in the Department of Comparative Literature. She has served as assistant editor of the Armenian Review (2010-2017) and is currently co-editor of Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies. Sossie Kasbarian is a Senior Lecturer in Politics at the University of Stirling, UK. She is co-editor of Diaspora- A Journal of Transnational StudiesTsolin Nalbantian is a University Lecturer in Modern Middle East History at Leiden University working on the social and cultural history of the Middle East. Nalbantian is co-series editor of Critical, Connected Histories (Leiden University Press) and has published articles in Mashriq & Mahjar, MESA Review of Middle East Studies, and History Compass. Her book, Armenians Beyond Diaspora: Making Lebanon TheTrade ReviewThis book fills a gap in the social science literature on the Armenian diaspora. It is masterfully edited by three representatives of the younger generation of Armenian American academics: Talar Chahinian, Sossie Kasbarian and Tsolin Nalbantian. All three embody the renewal of diasporic Armenian research, as well as sharing common concerns, passions and aspirations. * CIVILNET *Table of ContentsIn Lieu of an Introduction Talar Chahinian, Sossie Kasbarian, Tsolin Nalbantian I. “The Logic of the Sedentary”: Complicating Notions of Home and Homelands Chapter 1 In search of the Sedentary: Armenian Diaspora Homelands between Addis Ababa, Jerusalem, Valence and Paris, Boris Adjemian Chapter 2 Armenian Displaced Persons: From Displacement to a Diaspora Community, Gegham Mughnetsyan Chapter 3 Diaspora-Homeland relations Re-examined: The case of Syrian Armenian in the Netherlands, Nare Galstyan II. “Diasporic Social Formation”: Leadership Elites, Institutions, and Transnational Governmentality Chapter 4 Forging Diasporic Identity in the Fin de Siècle Armenian Periodical Press in Europe, Hasmik Khalapyan Chapter 5 Transnational Politics and Governmental Strategies in the Formative Years of the Post-Genocide Armenian Diaspora (1920s-1930s), Vahe Sahakyan Chapter 6 Defiant Adherence: Cultural Critiques in Late Twentieth Century Armenian Diaspora Literature, Lilit Keshishyan Chapter 7 Liturgical Subject of the Armenian Apostolic Church: Recent Waves of Migration, Christopher Sheklian III. “The Social Text of Diaspora”: Diasporic Becoming and Legibility in Diaspora’s Semantic Domain Chapter 8 Sounding Armenian: The Contours of the Diasporic Musical Imaginary, Sylvia Alajaji Chapter 9 "Toward the Diaspora": The Performative Powers of Vahé Oshagan's Poetry, Karen Jallatyan Chapter 10 The Armenians in Turkey: From autochthonous people to diaspora, Talin Suciyan Chapter 11 Are Istanbul Armenians Diasporic? Unpacking the Famous Debate, Hrag Papazian Afterword, Khachig Tölölyan Epilogue, Sebouh Aslanian

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Book SynopsisZabel Yesayan was a prominent Armenian writer and intellectual whose many novels and non-fiction works include In the Ruins, her account of the Adana massacres. Arakel Minassian is a PhD candidate at at the University of Michigan, USA

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Book SynopsisIn this collection of essays, Enzo Traverso examines the relationships between anti-Semitism, modernity and the Holocaust. The different parts of the book analyse multiple dimensions of the destruction of the European Jews, debates over historical memory and left-wing debates on the nature of anti-Semitism.Inspired by the critical theory of the Frankfurt School and the heterodox Marxism of a thinker like Walter Benjamin, Traverso argues that after Auschwitz, critical thought needs to reconsider the notion of progress as such.Enzo Traverso is the Susan and Barton Winokur Professor in the Humanities at Cornell University. His publications include: The New Faces of Fascism, Populism and the Far Right, Verso, 2019; Left-Wing Melancholia: Marxism, History, and Memory, Columbia University Press, 2017, The End of Jewish Modernity, Pluto Press, 2016; Fire and Blood: The European Civil War, 1914–1945, Verso, 201

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Book SynopsisThe Grandchildren is a collection of intimate, harrowing testimonies by grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Turkey''s forgotten Armenians the orphans adopted and Islamized by Muslims after the Armenian genocide. Through them we learn of the tortuous routes by which they came to terms with the painful stories of their grandparents and their own identity. The postscript offers a historical overview of the silence about Islamized Armenians in most histories of the genocide.When Fethiye cetin first published her groundbreaking memoir in Turkey, My Grandmother, she spoke of her grandmother''s hidden Armenian identity. The book sparked a conversation among Turks about the fate of the Ottoman Armenians in Anatolia in 1915. This resulted in an explosion of debate on Islamized Armenians and their legacy in contemporary Muslim families.The Grandchildren (translated from Turkish) is a follow-up to My Grandmother, and is an important contriTable of ContentsForeword to the Turkish Edition, Ayse Gul Altinay and Fethiye cetinForeword to the Transaction Edition, Ayse Gul Altinay and Fethiye cetinPreface to the Turkish Edition, Fethiye cetinAcknowledgmentsIntroduction to the Transaction Edition, Gerard LibaridianGuide to Turkish PronunciationMapThe StoriesThe First Time You Hear It, You Want to Go Out onto the Balcony and Shout, BarisIt's a Terrible Thing to Have Had My Origins Hidden from Me, DenizAll This Hiding Makes a Person Feel Insecure, ArifIf They Were the Ones Doing the Plundering, They Would Have Taken Their Gold with Them, RuyaThousands of Women Share This Story, GulcinWhy Did My Father Have No Aunts, Uncles, or Cousins?, NukhetIn the Media, They Use "Armenian" Like a Curse Word. That's So Horribly Hurtful, NazBecause You Have This "Other Identity," You Go into a Cold Sweat, Wondering What Is Going to Happen to You, Qesra Kiso OzlemiI Found Out That My Grandmother Was Armenian while Doing My Military Service, MehmetThe Infidel Girl Bedriye's Son, Bedrettin AykinYou're Living Your Life. One Morning You Wake Up and Go to Your Death. How Can You Explain Something Like That?, ZerdustPeople Must Accept the Facts about Their Lives, AycaSilent All Their Lives, as If They Had Committed Some Crime, GulsadMy Grandmother Was Named Vartanus, Her Sister, Siranus, VecibeToday Is the Day When Armenians Color Their Eggs Red and Pass Them Around, HalideMy Grandmother Was Discovered Sitting Underneath a Tree in the Mountains at the Age of Four, MuratLet Me Honor His Memory, Even If It's Just Two Lines, HenaraminWhy Are There Only Grandmothers? Why Don't They Ever Have Families?, SimaNow Why Would This Sort of Person Tell a Lie?, SalihIt Can't Be Easy, Living with That on Your Conscience, MelekOur Children Need to Learn from History, AsliWe Have Yet to Create a Philosophy in the Name of Peace and Brotherhood, AliCan I Look at the History of Ordu through My Grandmother's Story?, Berke BasWe're Digging Up the Past for the Sake of the Future, ElifPostscriptUnraveling Layers of Silencing: Where Are the Converted Armenians?, Ayse Gul AltinayBibliographyCommentary, Maureen FreelyGlossary

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses some of the most urgent current debates over the study, commemoration, and politicization of the Holocaust through key critical perspectives. Omer Bartov adeptly assesses the tensions between Holocaust and genocide studies, which have repeatedly both enriched and clashed with each other, whilst convincingly arguing for the importance of local history and individual testimony in grasping the nature of mass murder. He goes on to critically examine how legal discourse has served to both uncover and deny individual and national complicity. Genocide, the Holocaust and Israel-Palestine outlines how first-person histories provide a better understanding of events otherwise perceived as inexplicable and, lastly, draws on the author's own personal trajectory to consider links between the fate of Jews in World War II and the plight of Palestinians during and in the aftermath of the establishment of the state of Israel. Bartov demonstrates that these five perspectives, Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction Part I Writing Atrocity 1. Historical Uniqueness and Integrated History 2. Eastern Europe as the Site of Genocide Part II Local History 3. Reconstructing Genocide on the Local Level 4. Testimonies as Historical Documents Part III Justice and Denial 5. The Holocaust in the Courtroom 6. Memory Laws as a Tool of Forgetting Part IV First Person Histories 7. H. G. Adler’s (Un)Bildungsroman 8. Leaving the Shtetl to Change the World Part V When Memory Comes 9. Return and Displacement in Israel-Palestine 10. My Twisted Path to Auschwitz, and Back 11. Building a Future by Telling the Past Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an indispensable resource for anyone researching the scourge of mass murder in the 20th and 21st centuries, effectively using primary source documents to help them understand all aspects of genocide. This illuminating primary source collection closely examines and analyzes primary documents related to genocides, focusing on genocidal events from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. Thematically organized into eight sections, each document comes with an introduction and analysis written by the author that helps provide the crucial historical background for the users of this title to learn about the complexities of genocide. The first section considers a range of definitional matters relating to genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes; the second section relates to warnings of impending genocide, and how they have been received; the third considers atrocities and how they have been perpetrated; the fourth is an examination ofexamines a range Table of ContentsReader's Guide to Related Documents Preface Introduction 1. Definitions Raphael Lemkin Introduces the Term "Genocide" United Nations Convention on Genocide The Proxmire Act Rudolph Rummel Introduces the Term "Democide" Monroe C. Beardsley on Ethnocide Defining Ethnic Cleansing The United Nations on Crimes against Humanity Defining War Crimes 2. Warnings Armenia: "The Ten Commandments" of the Committee of Union and Progress Armenia: Report from the German Ambassador in Constantinople Holocaust: Adolf Hitler Warns the Jews of Europe Rwanda: "The Ten Commandments of the Hutu" Rwanda: The "Genocide Fax" Yugoslavia: Slobodan Miloševic's Gazimestan Speech The Eight Stages of Genocide A Genocide Early Warning System 3. Atrocities German South-West Africa: The "Extermination Order" Armenia: Deportation from Zeitun Holocaust: The Gerstein Report Cambodia: Testimony of Teeda Butt Mam Guatemala: Testimony of Jesús Tecú Osorio Bosnia: Testimony of Borislav Herak Rwanda: Testimony of Révérien Rurangwa 4. Resistance Armenia: The Resistance at Van Armenia: Testimony of Dr. Clarence D. Ussher Holocaust: Unaish Hilari, the Jewish Partisan Holocaust: Mordecai Anielewicz's Last Letter Holocaust: The Stroop Report East Timor: Senator Claiborne Pell Report on Resistance Rwanda: The Bisesero Resistance 5. Reactions Armenia: Joint Allied Declaration, May 24, 1915 Holocaust: Joint Allied Declaration, December 17, 1942 Holocaust: The Moscow Conference Bosnia: The United Nations Condemns Ethnic Cleansing as Genocide Rwanda: U.S. Discussion Paper Darfur: Dr. Mukesh Kapila Blows the Whistle Darfur: U.S. Secretary of State Affirms Genocide 6. Interventions Bosnia: The Establishment of UNPROFOR Bosnia: U.S. Condemnation of the Srebrenica Massacre Rwanda: The Establishment of UNAMIR Rwanda: UN Generals Defy the Security Council Rwanda: Expansion of UNAMIR's Mandate East Timor: Australian Reports on INTERFET 7. Justice Armenia: The Tehlirian Trial Holocaust: Charter of the International Military Tribunal Holocaust: Judgment of the International Military Tribunal Bosnia: Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia Cambodia: U.S. Genocide Justice Act 1994 Rwanda: The Akayesu Verdict and Sentence Cambodia: Establishment of the Extraordinary Chambers 8. Prevention Preventing Deadly Conflict: Final Report of the Carnegie Commission Rome Statute Establishing the International Criminal Court The Brahimi Report The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Preventing Genocide: A Blueprint for U.S. Policymakers Intervention to Stop Genocide and Mass Atrocities The Will to Intervene (W2I) Barack Obama: Directive to Create an Atrocities Prevention Board Chronology Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisA Times Literary Supplement Book of the YearA riveting account of a forgotten holocaust: the slaughter of over one hundred thousand Ukrainian Jews in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution. In the Midst of Civilized Europe repositions the pogroms as a defining moment of the twentieth century.'Exhaustive, clearly written, deeply researched' – The Times'A meticulous, original and deeply affecting historical account' – Philippe Sands, author of East West StreetBetween 1918 and 1921, over a hundred thousand Jews were murdered in Ukraine by peasants, townsmen, and soldiers who blamed the Jews for the turmoil of the Russian Revolution. In hundreds of separate incidents, ordinary people robbed their Jewish neighbors with impunity, burned down their houses, ripped apart their Torah scrolls, sexually assaulted them, and killed them. Largely forgotten today, these pogroms – ethnic riots – dominated headlines and international affairs in their time. Aid workers warned that six million Jews were in danger of complete extermination. Twenty years later, these dire predictions would come true.Drawing upon long-neglected archival materials, including thousands of newly discovered witness testimonies, trial records, and official orders, acclaimed historian Jeffrey Veidlinger shows for the first time how this wave of genocidal violence created the conditions for the Holocaust. Through stories of survivors, perpetrators, aid workers, and governmental officials, he explains how so many different groups of people came to the same conclusion: that killing Jews was an acceptable response to their various problems.Trade ReviewVeidlinger’s book ranks alongside Timothy Snyder’s Bloodlands in forcing our eyes eastwards. It is deeply researched and masterfully written, with a cool restraint that only intensifies its power. It reminded me of Faulkner’s line that “the past is never dead. It’s not even past.” -- Patrick Bishop * Sunday Telegraph *[An] exhaustive, clearly written, deeply researched story of events in a time and place most of us know nearly nothing about - the pogroms of 1918-21 in Ukraine and Poland . . . [an] imortant and scholalry book. -- David Aaronovitch * The Times *We now know much more about the pogroms of 1918–21 because of Veidlinger’s painstaking research . . . he has succeeded in shining a bright scholarly light on a much less well-known attempt to exterminate European Jews two decades before the Holocaust. In its thoroughness and controlled passion, In the Midst of Civilized Europe is descriptive history at its best. -- David N Myers * Literary Review *Superbly researched . . . Jeffrey Veidlinger askes big historical questions that will change our understanding of the relation between pogroms immediately after the First World War and the Holocaust, barely twenty years later. -- David Herman * TLS *Revelatory . . . Veidlinger’s crisp prose and extensive research makes the scale of the tragedy immediate and devastating. This is a vital addition to understanding how the Holocaust happened. * Publishers Weekly *Chilling . . . unequivocal . . . A vital history that draws a direct line from Eastern European antisemitic violence to the Holocaust. * Kirkus Reviews *The mass killings of Jews from 1918 to 1921 are a bridge between local pogroms and the extermination of the Holocaust. No history of that Jewish catastrophe comes close to the virtuosity of research, clarity of prose, and power of analysis of this extraordinary book. As the horror of events yields to empathetic understanding, the reader is grateful to Veidlinger for reminding us what history can do. -- Timothy Snyder, author of BloodlandsThis brilliant account of the bloody pogroms, which were perpetrated in Ukraine during the Russian Revolution, represents an important advance on a neglected subject, and is more than welcome. The author's thesis on links to subsequent events gives serious food for thought. -- Norman Davies, author of God's Playground, Europe: A History and Vanished KingdomsA work of singular importance: a meticulous, original and deeply affecting historical account, one that provides new insights into the conditions that catalyzed mass-murder on an industrial scale. -- Philippe Sands, author of East West StreetIn this extraordinary work Veidlinger disinters a largely forgotten history of tragic and portentous dimensions. Compelling and well-written, the book will find a broad audience. This is a story that needs to be told. -- Ronald Grigor Suny, author of Stalin: Passage to RevolutionIn this deeply learned but highly readable book, Veidlinger demonstrates how the all-but-forgotten pogroms in the collapsing Russian Empire in 1918–21 set precedents for the horrors that were to follow just two decades later. -- Zvi Gitelman, author of A Century of Ambivalence

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Book SynopsisIn 2004, the Academy Award–nominated movie Hotel Rwanda lionized hotel manager Paul Rusesabagina for single-handedly saving the lives of all who sought refuge in the Hotel des Milles Collines during Rwanda's genocide against the Tutsi in 1994. Because of the film, the real-life Rusesabagina has been compared to Oskar Schindler, but unbeknownst to the public, the hotel's refugees don't endorse Rusesabagina's version of the events.In the wake of Hotel Rwanda's international success, Rusesabagina is one of the most well-known Rwandans and now the smiling face of the very Hutu Power groups who drove the genocide. He is accused by the Rwandan prosecutor general of being a genocide negationist and funding the terrorist group Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR).In Inside the Hotel Rwanda, survivor Edouard Kayihura tells his own personal story of what life was really like during those harrowing 100 days within the walls of that infamous hotel and offers the testimonies of others who survived there, from Hutu and Tutsi to UN peacekeepers. Kayihura tells of his life in a divided society and his journey to the place he believed would be safe from slaughter. Inside the Hotel Rwanda exposes Paul Rusesabagina as a profiteering, politically ambitious Hutu Power sympathizer who extorted money from those who sought refuge, threatening to send those who did not pay to the genocidaires, despite pleas from the hotel's corporate ownership to stop. Inside the Hotel Rwanda is at once a memoir, a critical deconstruction of a heralded Hollywood movie alleged to be factual, and a political analysis aimed at exposing a falsely created hero using his fame to be a political force, spouting the same ethnic apartheid that caused the genocide two decades ago.Trade Review"This book offers a window into the real life experience of those who hid in the Hotel des Mille Collines during the 100 days of the genocide. For those who have learned of this story only through the famous movie Hotel Rwanda, the story of Edouard Kayihura is a privileged opportunity to put reality to the Hollywood dramatization."—Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire (Retired) Force Commander of the United Nations peacekeeping force for Rwanda between 1993 and 1994, founder of The Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative, Senior Fellow at the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, and Co-Director of the Will to Intervene Project"I would like to thank the authors of the book Inside the Hotel Rwanda: The Surprising True Story...and Why It Matters Today for providing an honest account of the daily challenges experienced inside the Hotel Mille Collines during the Genocide Against the Tutsi. It stands apart from the tales of those who have abused, manipulated, and diverted public attention and opinion from what has been endured."—Bernard Makuza, Vice-President of the Rwandan Senate, former Rwandan Prime Minister, and Rwanda's former ambassador to Germany and Burundi"Historical truth is a slippery thing—even more so when the mass media is involved. The story of ‘Hotel Rwanda' is complex and fascinating. This book adds new depth to our understanding of the Rwandan genocide and the episode that has become its best known symbol."—Stephen Kinzer, award-winning foreign correspondent, author: A Thousand Hills: Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It, teacher of journalism, Brown University"Everyone who saw the movie Hotel Rwanda MUST read this book in which true survivors tell their story. While the movie indisputably raised awareness of genocide against Rwandan Tutsi, its distortion of facts created one of the most virulent platforms championing trivialization of that tragedy through theories of double genocide and related tactics."—Egide Karuranga, PhD, professor at the Laval University School of Business in Quebec; President of Rwandan Diaspora of Canada, and genocide survivor from the Hotel des Mille Collines"I will never forget the eight days my family and I spent in hiding at Hotel des Milles Collines. I was only 13 at the time, but I remember like it was yesterday. Twenty years later, it's important that we continue to acknowledge and commemorate the events that took place during those 100 days through stories such as those captured in Inside the Hotel Rwanda."—Ashish J. Thakkar, Africa's youngest billionaire, Founder of Mara Group and Mara Foundation, a nonprofit social enterprise that focuses on emerging African entrepreneurs"Inside the Hotel Rwanda reveals the real story of the events at the Hotel Mille Collines during the genocide in Rwanda. It exposes the untruths and inaccuracies of the Hollywood depiction of the exploits of Paul Rusesabagina. It lays bare how Rusesabagina has been able to fuel his own dangerous political ambitions as a result of the twisted facts of the film. Inside the Hotel Rwanda is important for finally setting the record straight, and doing so authoritatively from the perspective of a survivor of the events."—David Russell, former Director of Survivors Fund (SURF), and Founder of The Social Enterprise"Inside the Hotel Rwanda: What Really Happened and Why It Matters Today is a gripping first-person testimony of life inside the famous hotel that served as a sanctuary for over 1,000 souls during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The author artfully blends his personal memoir with a cri de Coeur for the future of his nation. It provides a beacon of light for those seeking to eradicate genocide around the world."–Melanie Tomsons, Executive Director and CCO of Never Again International-Canada"For more than a decade, the film Hotel Rwanda has come to define a particular story and understanding of Rwanda. In this heartfelt work, Kayihura provides a moving tale from within that hotel, and seeks to set the record straight on the events there and since. For all craving authenticity about that horrific time, this is essential reading."–Josh Ruxin, PhD, Truman Scholar, Fulbright Scholar, Marshall Scholar, and author of A Thousand Hills to Heaven: Love, Hope and a Restaurant in Rwanda"I thank the author for this genuine and true recount of the daily fears and threats, hopes and despair, joys and sufferings experienced by refugees in the Hotel des Milles Collines. Edouard is presenting with humility and a heart-breaking accuracy the reality of what happened in the hotel, unlike those who abused, misused, manipulated, and diverted the world opinion with a far-fetched story for their own interests, fame, and self-aggrandizing agenda."—Gasamagera Wellars, Director General of Rwanda Management Institute and former Rwandan Senator"Edouard Kayihura's memoir about the actual events inside the famed ‘Hotel Rwanda' serves as multifaceted rejoinder to the mythology that emerged from Hollywood's fictionalized version of the 1994 genocide. If you want to become a better-informed global citizen and go beyond glossy feel-good images, read Kayihura's account of how twisting a story can spiral into a maelstrom of deception and divisiveness."—Gerise Herndon, PhD, Director of Gender Studies and English professor at Nebraska Wesleyan University"This is a serious and well-written reappraisal of the events at ‘Hotel Rwanda' in 1994. Kayihura's survivor account demonstrates the gulf between media portrayals and reality, and shows how myth-making has done nothing to resolve the polarity of perceptions of the genocide."—David Whitehouse, author of In Search of Rwanda's Génocidaires: French Justice and the Lost Decades"A chilling account by a Rwandan who was targeted by name and narrowly escaped death during Rwanda's time of genocide, his desperate flight seeking safety into the real ‘Hotel Rwanda,' and his first-hand report on who really kept him and the other refugees in the hotel from being slaughtered."—John Quigley, LL.B. Harvard University, President's Club Professor Emeritus of Law at Moritz College of Law, Ohio State University"Like The Diary of Anne Frank, this book provides a glimpse into the day-to-day life of people combating the insanity of genocide. The book is above all a story of humanity in the midst of an insane genocide. In the end, there are no heroes; there are only people willing to take a risk for the sake of humanity."—Amy Shuman, PhD, professor at Ohio State University

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Book SynopsisThe assassination in Istanbul in 2007 of the author Hrant Dink, the high-profile advocate of Turkish-Armenian reconciliation, reignited the debate in Turkey on the annihilation of the Ottoman Armenians. Many Turks subsequently reawakened to their Armenian heritage, in the process reflecting on how their grandparents were forcibly Islamised and Turkified, and the suffering they endured to keep their stories secret. There was public debate about Armenian property confiscated by the Turkish state and books were published about the extermination of the minorities. The silence had been broken. After the First World War, Turkey forcibly erased the memory of the atrocities, and traces of Armenians, from their historic lands, to which the international community turned a blind eye. The price for this amnesia was, Cheterian argues, 'a century of genocide'.Turkish intellectuals acknowledge the price a society must pay collectively to forget such traumatic events, and that Turkey cannot solve its recurrent conflicts with its minorities - like the Kurds today - nor have an open and democratic society without addressing its original sin: the Armenian Genocide, on which the Republic was founded.Trade Review'Cheterian's straightforward historical account does not shy away from a more disturbing aspect of the genocide's legacy where the quest for justice denied over generations spills over into the violence of reprisals, revenge, and terrorism' * LA Review of Books *‘Open Wounds provides a comprehensive insight into many relevant issues with regard to the consequences of denial for Armenians and other minorities such as the Kurds . . . an impressive account of how survivors and successive generations resisted erasure through Armenian historiography, memory politics and the composition and evolution of the diaspora’.'Cheterian's book offers one of the most complete tellings of the twisted, emotional story of the decimation of 1.5 million Armenians in Ottoman Turkey in 1915, during the fury of World War I and the story of the political struggle over the massacre in the century since it occurred.' * Foreign Affairs *'In this extraordinary and beautifully-written book, Cheterian tells us the little known story of the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide of 1915. He reaches into the history and present-day politics of Armenians and Turks to tell a story and provide explanations that have been neglected or elided by others. There is no other text like this.' * Ronald G. Suny, Professor Emeritus of Political Science and History, University of Chicago and former chairman of the Society for Armenian Studies *

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Book Synopsis “In this rich and resonant study, Joanna Newman recounts the little-known story of this Jewish exodus to the British West Indies...”—Times Higher Education In the years leading up to the Second World War, increasingly desperate European Jews looked to far-flung destinations such as Barbados, Trinidad, and Jamaica in search of refuge from the horrors of Hitler’s Europe. Nearly the New World tells the extraordinary story of Jewish refugees who overcame persecution and sought safety in the West Indies from the 1930s through the end of the war. At the same time, it gives an unsparing account of the xenophobia and bureaucratic infighting that nearly prevented their rescue—and that helped to seal the fate of countless other European Jews for whom escape was never an option. From the introduction: This book is called Nearly the New World because for most refugees who found sanctuary, it was nearly, but not quite, the New World that they had hoped for. The British West Indies were a way station, a temporary destination that allowed them entry when the United States, much of South and Central America, the United Kingdom and Palestine had all become closed. For a small number, it became their home. This is the first comprehensive study of modern Jewish emigration to the British West Indies. It reveals how the histories of the Caribbean, of refugees, and of the Holocaust connect through the potential and actual involvement of the British West Indies as a refuge during the 1930s and the Second World War.Trade Review “In this rich and resonant study, Joanna Newman recounts the little-known story of this Jewish exodus to the British West Indies from the 1930s to the end of the war ... Through a vivid combination of letters, memoirs and interviews, we learn of the tremendous efforts the newly arrived Jews went to in an attempt to rebuild their shattered lives and recreate something of the Europe they had left behind”. • Times Higher Education “Nearly the New World is a sober, balanced, and deeply nuanced study of the Jewish refugee crisis of the 1930s, the reception of Jews in the West Indies on the eve of decolonization, and the British imperial policies that flowed through it all. Newman uses this history to speak effectively, and without anachronism, to address the current refugee crisis, breaking free from the usual sterile confines of standard academic histories.” • Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs “The volume fills some important gaps in Jewish and Caribbean studies by extending understanding of the nature of diaspora communities from the previous focus on Irish, African, South Asian, and Middle Eastern groups to include the under documented Jewish, and particularly Ashkenazi, presence in the British West Indies. It also contributes to understanding of the history of migration as an important constant in the life of the Caribbean.” • The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs “The work adds significantly to the budding scholarship on World War II and the Caribbean and brings to light the history of a people who have made significant contributions to a challenged but developing region.” • Central European History “…a study very much worth reading, clearly structured and enriched with personal illustrative material. Newman clearly achieves her goal to produce a ‘connected history,’ in which histories of the Caribbean, of refugees, and the Holocaust are linked together.” • H-Soz-Kult “Joanna Newman has done a remarkable job of rescuing an otherwise little-known story of the Holocaust, and her book is to be recommended to those seeking to learn something of the history of Holocaust rescue beyond that reserved for the countries where immigration was a given and refugee resettlement was expected.” • The Journal of British Studies “[This] book is a tour de force covering uncharted territory, exploring aspects that perhaps most readers had never thought about. As always, the historic photos and human-interest stories are fascinating and the detailed notes about sources will be of particular interest to academics.” • Association of Jewish Refugees Journal "A genuinely untold story doesn’t surface too often, but when it does, it’s best to pay attention. Joanna Newman’s diligent and scholarly excavation of Jewish refugees in the Caribbean is a revelation. It adds to what we know about the fate of those who fled the Holocaust; but it is also an excellent primer on colonial history. And it introduces us to a gallery of fascinating characters, many of whom exhibit a characteristic Caribbean mixture of courage, cunning and determination" • Trevor Phillips “Nearly the New World is a richly researched book that addresses a key gap in the historiography of World War II—the forced migration of Jewish refugees to the British West Indies. It is a timely work that will make an invaluable contribution to the scholarly literature on Jewish refugees from the Nazis, Jews in colonial spaces, and the Jewish Caribbean in particular.” • Sarah Phillips Casteel, Carleton University “Joanna Newman’s Nearly the New World is a remarkable achievement. It is the first full study of Jewish refugee movements to the British Caribbean and for that alone it is of immense value. But the significance of this book is much greater. In the field of Holocaust studies it acts as a model, bringing together perspectives from the British imperial government, Jewish refugee organisations, local responses and the experiences of the refugees themselves. It is also a wonderful example of a historian creatively curating sources, ranging from Colonial Office minutes through to the rich resource of Trinidadian calypsos, to explore the history and memory of this neglected topic. For those in refugee studies it is also an important intervention, with the persecuted at the forefront of her study. The author makes clear the connections between the refugees at sea in the Nazi era to find a place of safety and those on migrant boats today. This is a compelling story, beautifully told.” • Professor Tony Kushner, Parkes Institute, University of Southampton and author of Journeys from the Abyss: The Holocaust and Forced Migration from the 1880s to the present (2017). “This book offers an unusual angle of vision on the tragic history of Jews in flight from Europe before and during the Second World War. Joanna Newman shows how British officials and West Indians as well as refugees themselves reacted to the forced emigration of victims of Nazi oppression. She tracks the miserable record of the colonial bureaucracy through a multitude of archives. For the first time, she exposes the scandal of deliberate under-utilization of available refugee camp facilities in Jamaica during the war. Throughout, she injects a human dimension with evidence from letters, memoirs, and interviews. We learn how Jews disembarking in the West Indies were greeted with calypsos, some expressing sympathy at their plight, others resentment at their uninvited arrival. Admirably researched, deeply thoughtful, and wonderfully readable, this book has a vital message for the worldwide humanitarian crisis of our own time, as a new generation of asylum seekers knocks desperately at our doors.” • Bernard Wasserstein, University of ChicagoTable of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. The Contextual Drivers: The British West Indies, the Colonial Office and Jewish Refugee Organisations PART I: CONFRONTING THE NEED FOR REFUGE Chapter 2. Jews Seeking Refuge, 1933–1938 Chapter 3. Panic Migration: The British West Indies And The Refugee Crisis Of 1938/39 PART II: CONFRONTING THE NEED FOR RESCUE Chapter 4. Boat People Chapter 5. Internment, Camps and Missed Opportunities Epilogue Select Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis Over the course of the long and violent twentieth century, only a minority of international crime perpetrators ever stood trial, and a central challenge of this era was the effort to ensure that not all these crimes remained unpunished. This required not only establishing a legal record but also courage, determination, and inventiveness in realizing justice. Defeating Impunity moves from the little-known trials of the 1920s to the Yugoslavia tribunal in the 2000s, from Belgium in 1914 to Ukraine in 1943, and to Stuttgart and Düsseldorf in 1975. It illustrates the extent to which the language of law drew an international horizon of justice.Trade Review “Defeating Impunity collects strong, substantial new research, often providing the main (or only) English-language presentation of the underlying research in the history of war crimes trials. The editors achieve nuance in a sober and balanced assessment of ‘international justice,’ a topic which previously has inspired cynical dismissal.” • Devin Pendas, Boston CollegeTable of Contents List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Chronology Introduction: Defeating Impunity in Twentieth-Century Europe Ornella Rovetta and Pieter Lagrou Chapter 1. The Law of Military Occupation and the Belgian Trials after 1918 Thomas Graditzky Chapter 2. The Claims of Belgian Deported Workers at the Paris Mixed Arbitral Tribunal in 1924 Arnaud Charon Chapter 3. Coining Postwar Justice from the Margins: Exile Lawyers in London, 1941–1945 Kerstin von Lingen Chapter 4. The Treasure Trove of the United Nations War Crimes Commission Archives, 1943—1949 Wolfgang Form Chapter 5. Legal Imagination and Legal Realism: ‘Crimes against Humanity’ and the US Racial Question in 1945 Guillaume Mouralis Chapter 6. Filling the Legal Void: Jewish Victims, German Offenders and Belgian Judges, 1942–1951 Marie-Anne Weisers Chapter 7. Soviet Footage of War Crimes, 1941–1946: Between Propaganda and Judicial Evidence Vanessa Voisin Appendix 7.1: Circular Sent to the Chiefs of Cinema Front Groups by Fedor Vasilchenko, the Director of Newsreel Production, 8 September 1943 (Excepts) Appendix 7.2: Circular Sent to the Chiefs of Cinema Front Groups by the Director of Newsreel Production Fedor Vasilchenko, 3 December 1943 (Excerpts) Chapter 8. From Majdanek to Demjanjuk: Failures of Justice in Postwar Germany, 1958–2009 Rebecca Wittmann Chapter 9. Force of Fact: Municipal Authorities, Victim Associations and Forensic Science at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia Isabelle Delpla Chapter 10. International Law in Action: The Role of the Legal Advisor in Operations in the Twenty-First Century Chris De Cock Conclusion Ornella Rovetta and Pieter Lagrou Index

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Book SynopsisShines long-overdue light on the heroic individuals who took action in the face of the Armenian genocide. This book tells the stories of the Muslims, Christians, Jews and others who made a courageous stand against the mass slaughter of Ottoman Armenians in 1915, the first modern genocide. Foreigners and Ottomans alike ran considerable risks to bear witness and rescue victims, sometimes sacrificing their lives. Diplomats, humanitarians, missionaries, lawyers and other visitors to the Empire stood up, including Tolstoy’s daughter, Alexandra; Raphael Lemkin, the jurist who first established genocide as an international crime; and the polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen, who recognised and relieved the plight of stateless Armenian refugees. Ottoman subjects—from officials and officers to ordinary townspeople and villagers—faced near-certain death for their entire family by resisting orders and helping Armenians. Unlike the Righteous of the Holocaust, these heroes have been systematically ignored and erased—a major injustice. Based on fresh research, and hoping to repay a moral debt to Ottoman Muslims who braved everything to rescue the authors’ forebears, this book is an important, moving testament to a grievously overlooked aspect of the Armenian tragedy.Trade Review‘[This book] has a real contemporary importance.’ -- Labour Hub'Encyclopaedic ... an important historical reference of resistance.' -- The Wall Street Journal

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this volume is not simply to compile yet another wearying chronicle of the horrors that have been committed by our fellow human beings. Most students who register for a course on Genocide assume that it will focus, perhaps exclusively, on the Holocaustthe only case with which they are familiar. Many of them have read Elie Wiesel's eloquent masterpiece Night in secondary school, and some may have read The Diary of Anne Frank. A few students might even know that a genocide occurred in Rwanda or Darfur. Like most people, however, they equate genocide simply with mass killing, and assume that genocide must by definition entail millions of deaths. Raphael Lemkin, who coined the word genocidemeaning to kill a people originally defined it a colonial crime of destroying the national patterns of the oppressed and imposing the national patterns of the oppressors. This was a process, Lemkin said, that was intended to destroy a people's culture thatcould sometimes but not necessarily always result in mass murder. Students need to know that after World War II the great powers undermined and co-opted the process of writing the1948 Genocide Convention at the UN. It was written very carefully to remove from the definition of genocide the treatment of Indigenous peoples in the US and Canada; racial lynching and Jim Crowism in the US; the elimination of backwards people to protect human progress in pre-apartheid South Africa, New Zealand and Australia; the mass murder of colonial subjects and repression of racial minorities at the hands of European security forces the world over; the mass murder of political opponents in Latin America; the mass murder of economic or social groups in the Soviet Union; and the blanket removal of any mention of famine and sexual violence as acts that could constitute genocide. Instead, they simply used the Holocaust as a template and succeeded in distorting what Lemkin originally meant by genocidethe murder of a people by destroying their social and cultural connections.Students should also know that Lemkin's ideas were most strongly supported at the UN by member states that were former coloniesnamely Egypt, India, Pakistan, China and the Philippinesand by women within many of the delegations that were working to prevent the UN from succeeding in outlawing genocide, such as those from the US and the UK. When students learn this history can begin to think critically about what international law is and which systems of power international law serves. However, they also need a textbook that guides them to think critically and imaginatively about genocide and the 1948 UN Convention without reducing genocide and the UN Genocide Convention to a crude and cynical analysis of global power struggles. In other words, they need a book that is honest and that resists the temptation to spin ahistorical morality tales.

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Book SynopsisIn the 12 years that the National Socialist Party was in power in Germany, upwards of 15,000 concentration and labour camps were established in the Greater Reich and the occupied countries to incarcerate all who were deemed enemies of the state. Contents includes: GERMANY Dachau, Oranienburg, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, Ohrdruf, Flossenburg, Neuengamme, Ravensbruck, Niederhagen/Wewelsburg, Bergen-Belsen, Mittelbau-Dora-Nordhausen, Arbeitsdorf. AUSTRIA Mauthausen. BELGIUM Breendonk, Mechelen: Caserne Dossin. CZECHOSLOVAKIA Theresienstadt. ESTONIA Vaivara/Klooga. FRANCE French Transit Camps, Natzweiler-Struthof, Wiesengrund/Vaihingen. HOLLAND Westerbork, Amersfoort, Herzogenbusch/Vught. ITALY Fossoli, Bolzano, Risiera di San Sabba. LATVIA Riga-Kaiserwald. LITHUANIA Kauen. NORWAY Falstad, Grini. UNITED KINGDOM Alderney, Channel Islands. BERLIN Wannsee Conference and Operation Reinhard'. POLAND The Warsaw Ghetto, Majdanek-Lublin, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno, Gross-Rosen, Stutthof-Danzig, Krakow-Plaszow, Auschwitz , Birkenau, War Crimes Trials.

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Book SynopsisWinston and Gail Ramsey This book focuses on the systems used by the Axis powers for the governance of the countries that they occupied during the Second World War. It would be easy to assume that the administration of each country was carried out on a somewhat ad hoc basis, but streams of detailed orders and decrees were enacted to cover all aspects of everyday life . . . from finance to crime. Dr Raphael Lemkin was a Polish émigré and the person who coined the term `genocide’ during his study of international law concerning crimes against humanity which he began in 1933 — the year that the Nazis assumed power in Germany. Dr Lemkin’s much-acclaimed work Axis Rule in Occupied Europe was published in 1944 and extracts from it now form the framework on which we have built this `then and now’ coverage of the occupation of Czechoslovakia, Memel, Albania, Danzig, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Monaco, the Channel Islands, Greece, Yugoslavia, the Baltic states, the Soviet Union, Romania, Italy and Hungary. Individual chapters also cover the most serious crimes committed by the occupier: the destruction of whole villages in Czechoslovakia, France, the Netherlands and Greece, and the genocidal acts carried out in Italy, Greece and Belgium, although nothing can equal the wholesale slaughter enacted in the Balkans and the USSR. It has been estimated that the Axis occupation of Europe cost between 20 and 25 million civilian lives, apart from the deaths of at least 16 million servicemen and women who paid the ultimate price in trying to put Europe back together again. It is a debt that can never be repaid. SIZE 12”×8½”   368 PAGES   OVER 1,000 ILLUSTRATIONS ISBN 9 781870 067935  £39.95

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive depiction of the causes and consequences of the Rohingya crisis, based on detailed ethnographic narratives provided by hundreds of Rohingya people who crossed the border following the Clearance Operation in 2017. The author critically engages with the identity politics on both sides of the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar, and the categorisation of the Rohingya as the people of ‘no-man’s land’ amidst the socio-political and ethno-nationalist dynamics of colonial and postcolonial transition in the region. He then interrogates the role of the international community and aid industry, before providing in-depth policy recommendations based on his own experience working with Rohingya refugees. The book will be of interest to students, scholars, policymakers and NGOs in the fields of migration studies, anthropology, political science and international relations.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction: The Voices of Rohingya: Contexts & Idea-Settings.- Chapter 2: Research on Rohingya Refugees:MethodologicalChallenges & Textual Inadequacy .- Chapter 3: Research on Rohingya Refugees: Methodological Challenges & TextualInadequacy .- Chapter4:The State, Vulnerability, and Uncertainty: The Rohingyas in Myanmar and Bangladesh.- Chapter 5: The State, Vulnerability, and Uncertainty:TheRohingyas in Myanmar and Bangladesh.- Chapter 6: The State, Vulnerability, and Uncertainty: The Rohingyas in Myanmar and Bangladesh.Chapter 7: Intensity of Brutality: Dealing as if the Rohingyas are ‘Subhuman’.- Chapter 8: The Rohingya in Transition: Atrocious Past, CriticalPresent and Uncertain Future.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the Ernst Fraenkel Prize, Wiener Holocaust Library""Finalist for the National Jewish Book Award, Holocaust Category""A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year""An astonishing breadth of interviews of survivors and their relatives. . . . Of profound interest to serious students and readers of history." * Library Journal *"Joskowicz offers a fascinating and often heartbreaking account of the Roma struggle for justice and restitution in the face of persecution. . . . The great virtue of Joskowicz’s book, alongside the comprehensiveness of its research, is its refusal to reduce any of the weighty issues it discusses to abstractions, or to stray from the complex and often contradictory human experiences at stake. Instead, Joskowicz grounds his account in the lives of the people whose suffering and whose activism animate his scholarship."---Daniel Kraft, Slate"A clear, flow­ing por­trait of this under­stud­ied but deeply vio­lat­ed pop­u­la­tion that fun­da­men­tal­ly alters our per­cep­tion of the Holo­caust, enlarg­ing it to include the Romani vic­tims and bring­ing to the fore their quest for his­tor­i­cal jus­tice and self-representation. . . . [An] illuminating new book."---Linda F. Burghardt, Jewish Book Council"Remarkable. . . .At a time when Holocaust parallels have become once again contentious and politicised, Joskowicz’s book builds a refreshing case for careful and nuanced historical comparison."---Dr Christine Schmidt, BBC History Magazine"[Joskowicz] brings new focus to the testimonies of victims of the Nazi regime, especially the stories of long-ignored Romani victims, often gathered from the witness testimonies of and interviews with Jewish survivors of the camps. . . . A deeply important book for the questions it raises about the ways in which historians collect and analyze history." * Choice Reviews *"It is rare for an academic text to be highly readable, accessibly written, and an important work of historical scholarship, but Ari Joskowicz’s Rain of Ash: Roma, Jews, and the Holocaust ticks all three of these boxes. . . . This book is an absolute must-read. Ultimately, Rain of Ash is a completely novel achievement, a real boon to multiple fields of study, and well worth your time."---Claire Greenstein, Ethnic and Racial Studies"Incisive. . . . Joskowicz grapples with fundamental issues in the field of memory studies, namely, what and how we remember, and the way that a politicization of memory can destabilize or challenge dominant narratives of history. . . . A significant and poignant contribution to the field of Holocaust (and Romani) Studies."---Natasza Gawlick, Journal of Austrian Studies"Time and eloquent. . . . Each chapter of Rain of Ash offers new and sometimes surprising data and insights, to which a short review cannot do justice. It draws on adventurous research in archives all over the world and on digitised sources which have become available in recent decades. Joskowicz has exploited these imaginatively to identify the personalities and reconstruct the interactions that drove institutional and political engagement with the facts and significance of the Romani Holocaust between 1945 and the 2010s. He displays an admirable sensitivity to the challenges as well as the opportunities offered by this expanding source base, and he writes with an analytical clarity that is simultaneously humane and even-handed."---Eve Rosenhaft, Continuity and Change

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Book SynopsisDocuments the history of Catholic activists to mitigate human rights abuses in Guatemala and the failed US policies in the country and region during the 1970s and 1980s.Trade Review“Michael Cangemi provides an outstanding contribution to historical research on Guatemala, Catholic activism, and US policy in Central America. By using a breadth of United States English language secular and religious archives, a range of Catholic newspaper accounts, and by delving into Guatemalan Human Rights reports, Cangemi creates a dialogue among these distinct experiences of and perspectives on Guatemala’s violent history."—Susan Fitzpatrick-Behrens, author of The Maryknoll Catholic Mission in Peru, 1943–1989: Transnational Faith and Transformation

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses some of the most urgent current debates over the study, commemoration, and politicization of the Holocaust through key critical perspectives. Omer Bartov adeptly assesses the tensions between Holocaust and genocide studies, which have repeatedly both enriched and clashed with each other, whilst convincingly arguing for the importance of local history and individual testimony in grasping the nature of mass murder. He goes on to critically examine how legal discourse has served to both uncover and deny individual and national complicity. Genocide, the Holocaust and Israel-Palestine outlines how first-person histories provide a better understanding of events otherwise perceived as inexplicable and, lastly, draws on the author's own personal trajectory to consider links between the fate of Jews in World War II and the plight of Palestinians during and in the aftermath of the establishment of the state of Israel. Bartov demonstrates that these five perspectives, Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction Part I Writing Atrocity 1. Historical Uniqueness and Integrated History 2. Eastern Europe as the Site of Genocide Part II Local History 3. Reconstructing Genocide on the Local Level 4. Testimonies as Historical Documents Part III Justice and Denial 5. The Holocaust in the Courtroom 6. Memory Laws as a Tool of Forgetting Part IV First Person Histories 7. H. G. Adler’s (Un)Bildungsroman 8. Leaving the Shtetl to Change the World Part V When Memory Comes 9. Return and Displacement in Israel-Palestine 10. My Twisted Path to Auschwitz, and Back 11. Building a Future by Telling the Past Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisHow can we comprehend the socio-political processes that give rise to extreme violence, ethnic cleansing or genocide? A major breakthrough in comparative analysis, Purify and Destroy demonstrates that it is indeed possible to compare the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide and ethnic cleansing in Bosnia-Hercegovina while respecting the specificities of each. Based on the essential distinction between massacre and genocide, Purify and Destroy identifies the main steps of a general process of destruction, rational and irrational, born of what Semelin terms 'delusional rationality', responding to fears, resentments and utopias, and re-modelling the social body by eliminating 'the enemy'. The main stages that can lead to a genocidal process, with ordinary people becoming perpetrators, are also identified.Trade Review'This book is a major accomplishment in the study of genocide. Semelin explores the deep cause, specific triggers, political and international context, dynamics of implementation, nature of killing, and political uses of genocide as a modern phenomenon.' * Omer Bartov, Brown University, and author of Mirrors of Destruction: War, Genocide, and Modern Identity *'[An] outstanding contribution to the field of genocide studies.' * International Affairs *'[A] must-read for those who want to seriously engage the problem of genocide and massacre in rigorous and systematic fashion.' * Political Science Quarterly *'This important study is well worth the effort.' * Holocaust and Genocide Studies *Table of ContentsForeward by Stanley Hoffmann Acknowledgements introduction: Understand? I. The Imaginary Constructs of Social Destructiveness Unpromising Avenues The power of imaginary constructs From the identity narrative to the figure of Traitor From the quest for purity to the figure of the Other in excess From the security dilemma to the destruction of the enemy II. From Inflammatory Discourse to Sacrificial Violence The intellectual springboard Reaching political legitimacy From the religious to the sacrificial Societies torn between adhesion, consent and resistance III. International Context, War and the Media A structure of political opportunities Spilling into war Telling the world: a last resort? IV. The Dynamics of Mass Murder The decision-making process and the deision-makers The organisation of mass murder and the actors involved From collective indifference to popular participation Morphologies of extreme violence V. The Vertigo of Impunity Crossing the threshold into violence The tipping mechanism The dual learning process of massacre The killers' profiles: revisiting 'the banality of evil' Sexual violence and other atrocities VI. The Political Uses of Massacre and Genocide Instrumentalisations of a word that is impossible to define? Distancing genocide studies from the frame of law Destroying to subjugate Destroying to eradicate Destroying to revolt Conclusion: The 'Never Again" Refrain Crisis prevention: arguments and illusions An ethics of responsibility 'The revenge of passions' Appendices A. Investigating a massacre B. Comparing massacres Bibliography Notes Name Index Subject Index

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Book SynopsisGareth Jones (1905-1934), the young Welsh investigative journalist, is revered in Ukraine as a national hero and is now rightly recognised as the first reporter to reveal the horror of the Holodomor, the Soviet Government-induced famine of the early 1930s, which killed millions of Ukrainians. Gareth Jones - Eyewitness to the Holodomor is a meticulous study of the efforts made by the the Aberystwyth and Cambridge-educated journalist, a fluent Russian-speaker, to investigate the Soviet Government’s denials, that its Five Year Plan had led to mass starvation, by visiting Ukraine in 1933 and reporting what he saw and witnessed: `I walked along through villages and twelve collective farms. Everywhere was the cry, “There is no bread. We are dying”’. Determined to alert the world to the suffering in Ukraine and to expose Stalin’s policies and prejudices towards the Ukrainian people, Jones published numerous articles in the UK (The Times, Daily Express and Western Mail) and the USA (New York Evening News and Chicago Daily News) with headlines such as `Famine Grips Russia. Millions Dying’, but soon saw his credibility and integrity attacked and denigrated by Soviet sympathizers, most famously by Moscow-based Walter Duranty of the New York Times. Gareth Jones was killed by bandits the following year, on the eve of his 30th birthday, whilst travelling in Japanese-controlled China. There remain strong suspicions that Jones’ murder was arranged by the Soviets in revenge for his eyewitness reporting which brought global attention to the Holodomor.Trade Review'This excellent book serves as a warning to journalists not to be taken in by official sources and political ideology but to report what they actually learn through their own efforts. Gamache deserves commendation for his research and careful reconstruction of Jones' reportorial journeys.' Prof. Maurine H. Beasley, College of Journalism, Univ. of Maryland; '...meticulously researched book [that] returns Gareth Jones to his rightful status, as one of the most outstanding journalists of his generation, in a tumultuous era that depended upon honest journalism as its main source of news.' Nigel Linsan Colley, www.garethjones.org; 'Extraordinary...Jones' articles...caused a small sensation...Because [his] notebooks record immediate impressions and describe events as they were happening, they have an unusual freshness...in the past two decades, the fate of the two journalists has been slowly reversed. Duranty's work has become controversial; in 2003, the Pulitzer committee debated whether to retrospectively withdraw his prize...[whilst] Jones' reputation has revived thanks to the Ukrainian government's broader efforts to tell the history of the famine...the establishment of a Ukrainian state simply makes Jones seem less marginal, more central, more important. Anne Applebaum, The New York ReviewTable of Contents1. `Famine Rules Russia’ 2. `Alone in an Unknown Country’ 3. `The Two Russias’ 4. `We are starving’ 5. `The hunger year’ 6. `Philological Sophistries’ 7. `There is no bread’ (`Hleba Nietu’) 8. `All are swollen’ (`Vse Pukhli’) 9. `Facts are stubborn things’ 10. `Hero of the Ukraine’

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Book Synopsis13 December 1937. The Japanese army storms Nanjing, the capital of China at the time. What follows is one of the most violent and controversial periods in history, its consequences still affecting Sino-Japanese relations to this day. Some even deny that it ever happened. Appalled by such reactions and fearing that the horrors of the massacre may be forgotten, author He Jianming sets out to chronicle the truth behind the many war crimes. These include the massacre of every captured Chinese man under the guise of ‘mopping up’ defeated soldiers, the widespread plague of rape and murder that terrorised the female population of the city, and the looting of cultural relics and a national fortune. He compiles records from Chinese, Japanese and international sources, from those who witnessed, survived and committed the atrocities, In the hope that the Nanjing Massacre will never be forgotten.Table of Contents1. The Decisive Battle Before the Massacre 2. The First Day of the Massacre 3. Nanjing Is Suffocated 4. Rape: Screams on Mochou Lake 5. John Rabe and the International Safety Zone 6. A Foreign Lady Clings to the Island of Life 7. Trials and Testimonies 8. Another Unresolved Injustice 9. Between Man and Devil: The Confessions of the Japanese About the Author

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Book SynopsisPerpetrator Cinema explores a new trend in the cinematic depiction of genocide that has emerged in Cambodian documentary in the late twentieth- and early twenty-first centuries. Raya Morag analyzes how Post–Khmer Rouge Cambodian documentarians propose a direct confrontation between the first-generation survivor and the perpetrator of genocide.Trade ReviewThis compelling book will matter as long as mass atrocities persist. Focused on the Cambodian genocide, Morag addresses a new phase in how we confront such events: films where survivors confront perpetrators face-to-face. These confrontations bring the visceral truth borne directly of human encounter to the fore with consequences both intensely personal and profoundly political. -- Bill Nichols, author of Speaking Truths with Film: Evidence, Ethics, Politics in DocumentaryThis book is far more than an illuminating analysis of Cambodian postgenocide cinema, valuable as that is, given the Pol Pot regime’s destruction of the country’s film industry, its artists, and its entire film archive, along with 1.7 million Cambodian lives. Morag ushers us forward to view unique interactions and confrontations between first-generation survivors and top- and lower-level Khmer Rouge perpetrators, made possible by the regime’s overthrow in 1979, its remnants’ defeat and surrender in 1999, and the establishment of the UN-sponsored Khmer Rouge tribunal in 2006. The book offers front-row seats to a new genre of post-Holocaust global documentary film, with innovative approaches to the study of genocide, trauma, and gender. -- Ben Kiernan, author of The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79In Perpetrator Cinema, Raya Morag brings her superb intellect and expertise in trauma and Holocaust cinema to this study of groundbreaking films inspired by Cambodia's Year Zero. Morag brilliantly explores why an ethics of moral resentment undergirds the survivor-perpetrator duels in the cinema of Rithy Panh, Thet Sambath and Rob Lemkin, and Guillaume P. Suon, among others, and aptly considers films about sexual violence, among the Khmer Rouge's worst human rights abuses. Documentary scholars and South Asian cinema specialists will find much to praise in this theoretically rich, engrossing work. -- Deirdre Boyle, The New SchoolA must resource for students of documentary film and politics . . . Essential. * Choice *Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbbreviations1. Defining Perpetrator Cinema2. Post–Khmer Rouge Cambodian Cinema and the Big Perpetrators: Reconciliation or Resentment?3. Perpetratorhood Paradigms: The Duel and Moral Resentment4. Gendered Genocide: The Female Perpetrator, Forced Marriage, and RapeEpilogue: The Era of Perpetrator EthicsNotesFilmographyBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisHow did a powerful concept in international justice evolve into an inequitable response to mass suffering?For a term coined just seventy-five years ago, genocide has become a remarkably potent idea. But has it transformed from a truly novel vision for international justice into a conservative, even inaccessible term? The Politics of Annihilation traces how the concept of genocide came to acquire such significance on the global political stage. In doing so, it reveals how the concept has been politically contested and refashioned over time. It explores how these shifts implicitly impact what forms of mass violence are considered genocide and what forms are not. Benjamin Meiches argues that the limited conception of genocide, often rigidly understood as mass killing rooted in ethno-religious identity, has created legal and political institutions that do not adequately respond to the diversity of mass violence. In his insistence on the concept’s complexity, he does not undermine the need for clear condemnations of such violence. But neither does he allow genocide to become a static or timeless notion. Meiches argues that the discourse on genocide has implicitly excluded many forms of violence from popular attention including cases ranging from contemporary Botswana and the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the legacies of colonial politics in Haiti, Canada, and elsewhere, to the effects of climate change on small island nations. By mapping the multiplicity of forces that entangle the concept in larger assemblages of power, The Politics of Annihilation gives us a new understanding of how the language of genocide impacts contemporary political life, especially as a means of protesting the social conditions that produce mass violence.Trade Review"Concepts are always political—and perhaps never more so than when they classify and rank the evils that can befall human beings. Benjamin Meiches’s extraordinary genealogy of the notion of genocide since its coinage during World War II is especially welcome, blending empirical cases, historical perspectives, and theoretical considerations in an ideal fashion. Emphasizing the lability of this concept before it was fixed in our time, for better or worse, Meiches shows how talk of genocide has allowed for moralizing in a violent world, even as it obstructs other perspectives that the future will require." —Samuel Moyn, Yale Law School"A well-written, cogently argued, significant contribution to a nuanced understanding of how the idea of genocide has emerged and why it matters to world politics."—CHOICE"A far-reaching critique of mainstream presumptions in the field and beyond, Annihilation presents theoretically-sophisticated engagements with a vast array of genocide scholarship backed by numerous case studies."—PoLAR"The Politics of Annihilation is a valuable contribution to current scholarship on genocide, considerably expanding the scope of the field. Its originality is compounded by an extensive and demonstrable breadth of knowledge, and its critical appraisal makes it both a pertinent resource and a rich point of departure for future research."—H-Net Reviews"The Politics of Annihilation is a wide-ranging and insightful deep dive into the contested, often controversial, and complex discursive politics of genocide."—The Review of Politics "Meiches has successfully provided a deep dive into discursive tussles and contestations that have unfolded underneath the ‘stable’ assumptions of the concept of genocide as we know it, highlighting not only the fluid ground on which much of our understanding of the concept rests, but also how these assumptions shape action."—International Affairs Table of ContentsContentsIntroduction: Genocide as Political DiscoursePart I. The Concept and Its Powers1. Groups, Paradoxes of Identity, and the Racialization of Global Politics2. Parts, Wholes, and the Erasure of Indigenous Life3. Destruction and the Creativity of Violence4. Desire, International Law, and the Problem of Unintentional GenocidePart II. The Politics of Genocide5. The Logistics of Prevention and the Fantasy of Preemption6. Genocide as Politics and the Horror of Plasticity7. The Sense of Genocide and the Politics of the FutureAcknowledgmentsNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisExploring the critical influences shaping the decisions made by Jews in Nazi-occupied eastern Europe, Finkel sheds new light on the dynamics of collective violence and genocide.Trade Review"Winner of the 2018 Alexander L. George Book Award, International Society of Political Psychology""Winner of the 2018 Joseph Rothschild Prize in Nationalism and Ethnic Studies, Association for the Study of Nationalities""Winner of the 2018 Bronislaw Malinowski Social Sciences Award, Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences""A political scientist turns fresh eyes on the problem of how European Jews responded to the Holocaust as it was unfolding. . . . Of much interest to students of modern history but also to those engaged in humanitarian relief efforts, refugee relocation, and the like." * Kirkus *"Instances of . . . mass hysteria have been appearing on a weekly basis, revealing an historical illiteracy so vast that it could contain 1,000 books on the Holocaust. If the ignorant could read only one of them . . . Ordinary Jews would be an excellent way to begin their education."---Stefan Kanfer, City Journal"Finkel provides a fresh and often fascinating analysis. . . . He makes a compelling case that the response of Jews was based in no small measure on their experiences before the war."---Glen Altschuler, Jerusalem Post"Finkel's book on an individual’s choice and survival during the Holocaust focuses on how victims from three Jewish ghettos--Minsk, Kraków, and Bialystok--reacted in response to danger from the Nazis and their allies. . . . This study is fascinating in how Finkel weaves personal narratives from the victims with social science foundations in order to reach some macro conclusions. . . . Finkel’s book is provocative and worth reading for scholars looking to understand the victims within these wretched ghettos." * Choice *"As more Holocaust works push through the barrier of the Holocaust as unknowable, restoring Jewish life and agency before, during--and after--the Shoah is essential. Finkel's work makes a solid contribution in this regard without losing sight of the people, actions, policies, and laws most responsible for creating the contexts of such life-or-death ‘choices.’"---Peter Admirand, Reading Religion"[A] most sensitive of investigations . . . Ordinary Jews is an ultimately important contribution toward the many writings on the subject of the Holocaust. Its complexity and deftness lies in Finkel's telling, which, if truth be told, resonates with all the clarity of subdued beauty."---David Marx, David Marx Book Reviews"[A] fine book. . . . This book is very carefully documented with endnotes distinguishing between primary and secondary sources. Finkel himself is of Eastern European Jewish extraction and that colors his study with a very personal and poignant aspect enriching the research but in no way detracting from its scientific approach. His writing is clear and very readable. . . . This book is recommended for all academic Judaica collections and for JCC libraries."---Marion M. Stein, Association of Jewish Libraries Reviews"The book’s persuasive theory, distinctive findings, specific real-life examples, and far-reaching policy options is amply rewarding. It models an ever-finer mode of scholarship, fills in major gaps in knowledge, and with its astute challenges to faulty conventional 'wisdom' makes a major contribution to Holocaust studies. Future discussion of survival decision-making in the ghettos will not be complete unless it draws on Finkel’s exemplary work."---Arthur Shostak, European Legacy"Ordinary Jews is an important book for two reasons. First, it offers one of the few sustained efforts to analyze how Jews in different places behaved in response to Nazi rule instead of simply describing how they experienced it. . . . It also notices aggregate patterns of behavior that varied from community to community, and it tries to account for them using methods and insights from the social sciences."---David Engel, Shofar Book Forum"Finkel’s ambitious study brings political science to Holocaust history, enriches our understanding of individual choices by the victims, sheds light on the conditions that influenced their decisions, and establishes patterns by comparative analysis of behavior in three ghettos." * Holocaust and Genocide Studies *"[Ordinary Jews] is not only brave, but opens up new avenues of research about the Holocaust and other processes of mass violence.—Laia Balcells and Daniel Soloman, Comparative Politics"

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Book SynopsisSet in the South and Southeast Region, this book attempts to analyse the implications of both genocides perpetrated on the unarmed Rohingya minority community in Myanmar, and the geopolitics of the powers of the region that deter the resolution of this festering problem. The book highlights the helplessness of the UN system to take any punitive actions against the perpetrators (ie: the security forces of Myanmar) given that China, India and Russia, who are taking the side of Myanmar for geopolitical reasons. They have exercised their vetoes at the UNSC to such an action. The book describes the key players in this region, their interests, compulsions and imperatives, and covers different strategies launched by the United States, China, India, Japan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar that tend to stall the resolution of the process or even refusing to take back the Rohingya refugees -- 1.1 million of them including children and women -- now languishing in the cramped camps inside Bangladesh. Most of these refugees were forced to flee their ancestral homes after a ghastly genocide meted out to them in October 2017. Such massacres have been taking place in a series of violence starting from 1977-8. This issue has huge regional security implications. The ugly heads of insurgency are also looming large. This has turned out to be a huge burden on the economy and environment of Bangladesh. However, different donor agencies including UNHCR are providing relief and rehabilitation. The author provides ramifications and reflections in the form of scenario development and suggesting certain options -- uniqueness of this book -- on this festering humanitarian issue.Table of ContentsList of Figures; List of Abbreviations; Introduction; Organization of the Book; Background History of the Rohingyas in Arakan: From the Kingdom of Arakan to the Colonial Era; Relevant Burmese Modern History; To Define the Rohingya Problem; Strategic Significance of the Area; 1974 Constitution: A Turning Event in Myanmar History?; Role of the Monks; What Genocide/Crime against Humanity/Ethnic Cleansing Entails; Can the International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecute the Perpetrators? 91; Geopolitics Involved; Possibility of Local Insurgency Getting Entrenched; Possibility of Rohingya Going back to Myanmar this Time Round; Plight of Bangladesh in Sheltering the Rohingyas; Scenario Development; Suggestions: Few Doable; References; About the Author; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Turkish government under the Erdoğan regime is undertaking a brutal crackdown against the participants of a civic group, namely the Gülen movement, also known as the Hizmet (service) movement, with the deliberate intention of destroying this social group, in whole or in part. In this extensive research, Dr. Keneş argues that this crackdown is filled with violations that may be classified at the very least as crimes against humanity and could very well be the harbinger of what comes next in terms of a full-scale genocide to exterminate thousands of innocent people. Keneş exemplifies many of these crimes and scales them against the genocide criteria according to definitions and norms accepted by United Nations and field experts.Given that the international community has historically downplayed the early signs of genocidal acts and thus failed to prevent such crimes many times before, it is necessary to be on the alert before the Erdoğan regime goes that far. A Genocide in the Making? is a unique volume that loudly cries out to the world this highly probable risk before it is too late.

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Book SynopsisHow do you pick up the pieces after your life is shattered by war? How do you continue living when your country no longer exists, your language is no longer spoken and your family is divided, not just by distance but by politics too? What happens when your old identity is taken from you and a new one imposed, one that you never asked for? When Olivera Simić was seven years old, President Tito died. Old divisions re-emerged as bitter ethnic conflicts unfolded. War arrived in 1992. People were no longer Yugoslavs but Serbs, Croatians, Bosniaks. Old friends became enemies overnight. In this heartfelt account of life before, during and after the Bosnian War and the NATO bombing of Serbia in 1999, Simić talks of her transition from peace to war and back again. She shows how she found the determination to build a new life when the old one was irretrievable.Trade Review"Reading Surviving Peace made me pause. Sometimes it was a page that made me stop to think, to picture, to wonder. Sometimes it was just a graphic phrase. Olivera Simić has been there: the 'there' of denying the dissolution of one's national identity, the 'there' of struggling against militarism's enticements, the 'there' of making honest postwar sense of the insensible. Surviving Peace is a feminist gift to all of us." -- Cynthia Enloe, author of "Seriously!: Investigating Crashes & Crises as If Women Mattered""Olivera Simićs impressive Surviving Peace made me weep while enriching my understanding of human suffering at times of conflict and post-conflict, thanks to her scholarly insights woven skilfully within 'herstory'." -- Amr Abdalla, Vice Rector 20042013, University for Peace, Costa Rica"Surviving Peace provides greater understanding of the Balkan Wars to those who don't know much about the Bosniak, Serb and Croatian ethnicities, and some possible new perspectives to those who do. It makes a valuable contribution to ensuring we don't forget the horrors and enduring impact of war." - Joanne Shiells, Books+Publishing

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Book Synopsis75 years after the United States dropped the world's first atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a group of international scholars offers new perspectives on this event and the history, development, and portrayal of the utilization of atomic energy: in military and civilian industries, civil nuclear power, literature and film, and the contemporary world. What lessons have we learned since the end of the Second World War? Can we avoid disasters such as Chernobyl and Fukushima? Have we learned to live with man-made nuclear power in the 21st century?

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Book SynopsisThe law governing the relationship between speech and core international crimes -- a key component in atrocity prevention -- is broken. Incitement to genocide has not been adequately defined. The law on hate speech as persecution is split between the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Instigation is confused with incitement and ordering''s scope is too circumscribed. At the same time, each of these modalities does not function properly in relation to the others, yielding a misshapen body of law riddled with gaps. Existing scholarship has suggested discrete fixes to individual parts, but no work has stepped back and considered holistic solutions. This book does. To understand how the law became so fragmented, it returns to its roots to explain how it was formulated. From there, it proposes a set of nostrums to deal with the individual deficiencies. Its analysis then culminates in a more comprehensivTrade ReviewProfessor Gregory Gordon's paradigm-shifting work, Atrocity Speech Law: Foundation, Fragmentation, Fruition has helped change the very vocabulary we use to describe the rules and jurisprudence governing the relationship between hate speech and core international crimes, which is now commonly referred to by the book's title. Thanks to this seminal tome, we no longer have to think of delicts such as "incitement", "persecution", "instigation", and "ordering" as disparate speech offences whose elements should not be considered with regard to one another; rather, under Gordon's brilliant umbrella term and his suggested corrections for each offence, we can regard them in a unified, systematic way that will lead to more coordinated and coherent charging decisions, greater protection for legitimate free speech, and clearer jurisprudence. * Giovanni Chiarini, PKI Global Justice Journal *Atrocity Speech Law furthers a complicated discussion at a time when it is sorely needed. * David A. Meier, Holocaust and Genocide Studies *This book will be the definitive source on prosecuting atrocity speech in international criminal law. With its thorough research and insightful analysis, practitioners and scholars alike will find it an essential reference. Professor Gordon's unified theory of liability is thought-provoking and should be given serious consideration in future criminal proceedings. * Dr. Serge Brammertz, Chief Prosecutor, ICTY and MICT *As Professor Gregory Gordon systematically demonstrates in this groundbreaking book, the law governing speech and atrocity has become fragmented and ineffective. His brilliant 'Unified Liability Theory' offers an innovative solution for fixing the problems. This book is now the definitive single-volume international criminal law work on hate speech. It provides all the history, context, policy, and legal analysis necessary to understand the phenomenon and reform the doctrine. * Adama Dieng, United Nations Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide *Words, text, rhyme, song: speech brings beauty, but it also fuels rage. Speech may prime a population to kill. Gregory Gordon's ambitious book reassesses the role of law in standing up to atrocity speech. Gordon astutely identifies gaps in the law and boldly suggests reforms. Delivered with elegance and panache, this book is a must read. And it is so timely. Atrocity speech - vented now in virtual spaces and through social media, and confabulated as 'news' - has become more dangerous as it spreads even faster and stains more people more quickly. In response, we are fortunate to be able to invoke Gordon's creative, confident, and ethical voice. * Mark A. Drumbl, Class of 1975 Alumni Professor of Law, and Director, Transnational Law Institute Washington and Lee University School of Law *Professor Gregory Gordon's book, Atrocity Speech Law: Foundation, Fragmentation, Fruition, is an important contribution that will serve as a foundation stone for the future prevention of crimes against humanity...[It] will be a very useful tool to all scholars seeking a more peaceful world...[It] will offer new knowledge about a vital subject of stopping atrocity speech, which threatens the security of everyone. (From the Foreword) * Benjamin B. Ferencz, Nuremberg Prosecutor *Holistic, authoritative and comprehensive, Professor Gregory Gordon's masterful study of the relationship between expression and atrocity crimes sets out a framework for a delicate balance of competing objectives. It brings order to an area of international law that is fraught with fragmentation and contradiction. * William Schabas, Professor of International Law, Middlesex University, London *Gregory Gordon has written the definitive book on the power of words and the commission of atrocity crimes. This comprehensive and superbly written study critiquing tribunal jurisprudence on 'atrocity speech law' explains not only what has been adjudicated in the modern era, but also identifies the significant shortcomings in both the jurisprudence and international law that must be overcome in the years ahead. There is much work yet to be done, and Professor Gordon sets the stage magnificently. * Ambassador David Scheffer, Mayer Brown/Robert A. Helman Professor of Law, Northwestern Pritzker School of Law *Professor Gregory Gordon compellingly argues that we need to re-conceptualize the jurisprudence of the international criminal law governing hate speech. He renames these principles 'atrocity speech law' and offers a trenchant critique of the inconsistent rulings of international tribunals. He proposes a resolution to the resulting conceptual uncertainties through a 'unified liability theory' that would harmonize the law on hate speech related to war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity. For those interested in effective prevention and punishment, this is a must read. * Professor Gregory Stanton, Founding President, Genocide Watch, George Mason University, Arlington, VA *Atrocity Speech Law, examines the history of and jurisprudence governing the relationship between hate speech and international crimes. Gordon finds troubling incoherence within this area of the law but proposes an innovative solution: a "Unified Liability Theory" that would link all qualifying speech offenses to all atrocity crimes. * Andrew Cohen, Berkeley Law Magazine *... groundbreaking study on the law governing the relationship between hate speech and international crimes. * Hong Kong Lawyer^r *Table of ContentsForeword by Benjamin B. Ferencz Preface Introduction Part I: Foundation Chapter 1: Speech and Atrocity: An Historical Sketch Chapter 2: International Human Rights Law and Domestic Law Chapter 3: The Birth of Atrocity Speech Law: Nuremberg and the Foundational Statutes Chapter 4: The Birth of Atrocity Speech Law: The Foundational Ad Hoc Tribunal Cases and Offense Elements PART II: FRAGMENTATION Chapter 5: Problems regarding the Crime of Direct and Public Incitement to Commit Genocide Chapter 6: Problems regarding Persecution, Instigation and Ordering Chapter 7: The Absence of Criminal Prohibitions Regarding Hate Speech and War Crimes PART III: FRUITION Chapter 8: Fixing Incitement to Genocide Chapter 9: Fixing Persecution, Instigation and Ordering Chapter 10: Adopting Incitement to Commit War Crimes Chapter 11: Restructuring: A Unified Liability Theory for Atrocity Speech Law Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisMirrors of Destruction examines the relationship between total war, state-organized genocide, and the emergence of modern identity. Here, Omer Bartov demonstrates that in the twentieth century there have been intimate links between military conflict, mass murder of civilian populations, and the definition and categorization of groups and individuals. These connections were most clearly manifested in the Holocaust, as the Nazis attempted to exterminate European Jewry under cover of a brutal war and with the stated goal of creating a racially pure Aryan population and Germanic empire. The Holocaust, however, can only be understood within the context of the century''s predilection for applying massive and systematic methods of destruction to resolve conflicts over identity. To provide the context for the Final Solution, Bartov examines the changing relationships between Jews and non-Jews in France and Germany from the outbreak of World War I to the present. Rather than presenting a comTrade ReviewHis insights about the Great War, the Holocaust, and public memory makes Mirrors of Destruction an important contribution to the literature. * History *What does it mean to "come to terms with the Holocaust?" ... Bartov brings a prodigious amount of reading, intelligence, and critical energy to [this question] ... To his credit, [he] rejects the mystifications that one often finds in writing on the Holocaust--for instance, the notion that it is fundamentally inexplicable, or that only survivors can grasp its deeper significance ... In his conclusion [he] explores new material, taking on new polemics and problems and offering a brilliant analysis of the strange case of Binjamin Wilkomirski, a Swiss writer who falsely claimed to be a Holocaust survivor in his memoir `Fragments. * The New York Times Book Review *Bartov's work has always been characterized by its thoughtfulness and independence, and here he combines archival research with an interdisciplinary critique of the literature drawn from widely diverse fields. He focuses on the links of social, cultural, and military history and offers particularly interesting insights into Europe's two major wars in this century and their relationship to the Holocaust. This is history painted in large strokes, and anyone trying to understand how and why the promise of the twentieth century went horribly wrong should read this book. * Robert Gellately, Strassler Professor in Holocaust History, Clark University *Table of ContentsInroduction ; 1. Fields of Glory ; 2. Grand Illusions ; 3. Elusive Enemies ; 4. Apocalyptic Visions ; Conclusion ; Notes ; Index

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Book SynopsisIt is common for survivors of ethnic cleansing and even genocide to speak nostalgically about earlier times of intercommunal harmony and brotherhood. After being driven from their Anatolian homelands, Greek Orthodox refugees insisted that they ''lived well with the Turks'', and yearned for the days when they worked and drank coffee together, participated in each other''s festivals, and even prayed to the same saints. Historians have never showed serious regard to these memories, given the refugees had fled from horrific ''ethnic'' violence that appeared to reflect deep-seated and pre-existing animosities. Refugee nostalgia seemed pure fantasy; perhaps contrived to lessen the pain and humiliations of displacement.Before the Nation argues that there is more than a grain of truth to these nostalgic traditions. It points to the fact that intercommunality, a mode of everyday living based on the accommodation of cultural difference, was a normal and stabilizing feature of multi-ethnic societies. Refugee memory and other ethnographic sources provide ample illustration of the beliefs and practices associated with intercommunal living, which local Muslims and Christian communities likened to a common moral environment. Drawing largely from an oral archive containing interviews with over 5000 refugees, Nicholas Doumanis examines the mentalities, cosmologies, and value systems as they relate to cultures of coexistence. He furthermore rejects the commonplace assumption that the empire was destroyed by intercommunal hatreds. Doumanis emphasizes the role of state-perpetrated political violence which aimed to create ethnically homogenous spaces, and which went some way in transforming these Anatolians into Greeks and Turks.Trade ReviewAs a compelling reconstruction of a vanished time and place this book is sure to appeal to anyone interested in the history of intercommunal relations in the Ottoman Empire. * George Vassiadis, History Today *...a fluent and theoretically informed book that brings to life how Christian and Muslim lived together just before they entered the valley of death. * Dimitris Livanios, English Historical Review *eloquently, historiographically and critically ... [a] remarkable book. * Meltem Toksöz, Mediterranean Historical Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. Curse of Babel ; 2. Ottoman belle epoque ; 3. People of God I ; 4. People of God II ; 5. Catastrophes ; Epilogue ; Bibliography

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Book SynopsisWaging a counterinsurgency war and justified by claims of ''an agreement between Guatemala and God,'' Guatemala''s Evangelical Protestant military dictator General Ríos Montt incited a Mayan holocaust: over just 17 months, some 86,000 mostly Mayan civilians were murdered. Virginia Garrard-Burnett dives into the horrifying, bewildering murk of this episode, the Western hemisphere''s worst twentieth-century human rights atrocity. She has delivered the most lucid historical account and analysis we yet possess of what happened and how, of the cultural complexities, personalities, and local and international politics that made this tragedy. Garrard-Burnett asks the hard questions and never flinches from the least comforting answers. Beautifully, movingly, and clearly written and argued, this is a necessary and indispensable book.-- Francisco Goldman, author of The Art of Political Murder: Who Killed the Bishop?Virginia Garrard-Burnett''s Terror in the Land of the Holy Spirit is impressivelyTrade ReviewIn a country still torn over the war by polarizing accusations amplified by righteous self-exculpation, Garrard-Burnett listens carefully to as many sides as her sources allow-the Left, the Right, Catholic activists, evangelicals, the US embassy-to conclude that states turn genocidal, not just because they can, but because both perpetrators and public come to see their self-preservation, if not salvation, at stake. In helping us understand better that self-preservation, this book also speaks with respect-and hope-to the survivors. We should all be listening carefully. * John Watanabe, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Dartmouth College *This is a careful narrative and sober analysis of Mott's seventeenth-month regime in Guatemala. * Religious Studies Review *Virginia Garrard-Burnett's examination of General Efrain Rios Montt is one of the best available historicalpolitical analyses of Guatemala's brutal armed conflict...Garrard-Burnett is arguably one of the most important contemporary historians of Protestantism in Latin America. In this slim volume, she not only demonstrates her deep and nuanced understanding of the evangelical movement in Guatemala but also explains the dynamics and contours of the political crisis that brought Rios Montt to power in 1982.. * American Historical Review *This work secures a solid place among some of the dominant works in modern Latin American historiography, particularly in its positioning within the field of subaltern studies. While remaining sensitive to the voice and agency of the victims of the genocide, Garrard- Burnett relies heavily on truth commission reports to provide a clear analysis of the influences of evangelical rhetoric that saturated Guatemala's violent struggles of the late Cold War. This useful, insightful work deserves a wide reading among students and specialists alike.. * Hispanic American Historical Review *Table of Contents1. Rios Montt Earns His Place in the History Books: Debates about la Violencia ; 2. Guatemala's Descent in Violence ; 3. Rios Montt and the New Guatemala ; 4. Terror ; 5. "Los Que Matan en el Nombre de Dios": Rios Montt and the Religious Question ; 6. Blind Eyes and Willful Ignorance: U.S. Foreign Policy, Media, and Foreign Evangelicals ; Epilogue ; Notes ; Bibliography

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Book SynopsisA challenging and topical book that argues that the traditional ways of doing theology ('high theology') no longer work and that theology has to take place at the periphery rather than in the social, cultural and political centre. Suitable for undergraduate study.

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