Energy technology and engineering Books

Book SynopsisExpanding production of the United States'' vast shale gas reserves in recent years has put the country on a path towards greater energy independence, enhanced economic prosperity, and (potentially) reduced emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. The corresponding expansion of gas-fired generation in the power sector driven primarily by lower natural gas prices has also made it easier and cheaper to integrate large amounts of variable renewable generation, such as wind power, into the grid. This book discusses the long-term hedge value of wind power and provides an analysis of wind and natural gas under different market structures.

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Book SynopsisChina is an energy-dependent country and its rapid economic growth in the past 30 years is accompanied by tremendous energy consumption. Constrained by resource endowment, most of the primary energy consumed in China is coal, which leads to serious global, regional and local environmental issues. To ensure sustainable development, China has formulated ambitious targets for developing renewable energy and dozens of policies to deliver it have been adopted. Especially since the enactment of the Renewable Energy Law in 2006, renewable energy has experienced a boom in China. Now China is the biggest developer of hydropower and wind power, as well as the biggest manufacturer of PV cells in the world. This book is a systematic review on renewable energy in China and focuses on four interrelated topics: resources, institution, policy and industry development. The introductory chapter will describe the overall picture of renewable energy in China. Then four industries, including wind power, solar power, biomass and ocean power, will be discussed in separate chapters around the policy, industry development, barriers and market prospective. In light of the important role in delivering renewable energy, the next chapter discusses the progress of smart grids in China, with a particular perspective on the institutional arrangement for promoting its development more effectively. A chapter is devoted to the progress of Golden Sun Program, the Chinese government''s initiative to promote the domestic solar power market. Another chapter addresses rural energy, poverty and renewable energy, a special topic on social and developmental aspects of renewable energy. The last chapter presents the topic of energy systems in transition and proposes policy suggestions for delivering renewable energy in China.

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Book SynopsisProduction of oil and natural gas from leases on federal lands and waters is an important part of the nation''s energy portfolio and a significant source of revenue for the federal government. This book examines steps Interior has taken to ensure the public receives a fair return on oil and gas resources since 2007. It also examines the number of tracts leased, along with the trends in associated coal production and revenues generated since 1990; BLM''s implementation of the process to estimate fair market value for coal leases; the extent to which BLM considers coal exports and domestic coal reserve estimates when estimating fair market value; and the extent to which BLM communicates information on federal coal lease sales to the public.

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Book SynopsisIncreasing dependence on foreign sources of crude oil, concerns over global climate change, and the desire to promote domestic rural economies have raised interest in renewable biofuels as an alternative to petroleum in the U.S. transportation sector. However, energy from renewable sources has historically been more expensive to produce and use than fossil-fuel-based energy. This book describes agriculture-based biofuels and the evolution of the U.S. biofuels sector with a focus on the role that federal policy has played in shaping its development. It highlights emerging issues that are critical to the biofuels sector and of relevance to Congress. This book also summarises the best available public data on the production, capacity, cost, market demand, and feedstock availability for the production of biomass-based diesel and jet fuel. It includes an overview of the current conversion processes and current state-of-development for the production of biomass-based jet and diesel fuel, as well as the key companies pursuing this effort.

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Book SynopsisIncreasing demands on energy has necessitated the development of large-scale, low-cost, renewable energy. Solar energy is highly attractive and extremely promising as the energy reaching the earth from the sun is orders of magnitude larger than today''s global energy consumption and is quiet, requires low maintenance, has no restrictions on size, can be located close to the point on consumption, and is a clean, direct and efficient mode of energy conversion. The challenge lies in making solar power economically competitive while working with the materials readily available in abundance along with all their inherent constraints, also using those materials as economically as possible. Novel materials and structures are constantly being investigated for possible application in the area of photovoltaics (PVs). This book begins by discussing nanostructure-based PVs. It then continues to provide information on several topics that include the environmental impacts from end-of-life disposal of PVs; photocured polymer electrolyte membranes for dye-sensitised solar cells; economic analysis of support policies in PV systems; indoor PVs; effect of urban density on PV performance; and PV effects in nanoscale ferroelectrics.

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Book SynopsisThe proposed Keystone XL pipeline has received considerable attention recently. If constructed, the pipeline would transport crude oil (eg: synthetic crude oil or diluted bitumen) derived from oil sands resources in Alberta, Canada to destinations in the United States and ultimately the international market. Policymakers continue to debate various issues associated with the proposed pipeline. Although some groups have opposed previous oil pipelines -- Alberta Clipper and the Keystone mainline, both of which are operating -- opposition to the Keystone XL proposal has generated substantially more interest among environmental stakeholders. This book discusses the background and the environmental issues the Keystone XL pipeline would cause.

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Book SynopsisEnergy is an essential factor in development, since it stimulates, and supports economic growth, and development. Any form of energy can be transformed into another form, but the total energy always remains the same. Several different kinds of energy exist to explain all known natural phenomena. The word ''green'' designates more than a colour. It is a way of life, one that is becoming more and more common throughout the world. An interesting topic on ''sustainable technologies for a greener world'' details about what each technology is and how it achieves green goals. Over the years, all parts of a commercial refrigerator, such as the compressor, heat exchangers, refrigerant, and packaging, have been improved considerably due to the extensive research and development efforts carried out by academia and industry. However, the achieved and anticipated improvement in conventional refrigeration technology are incremental since this technology is already nearing its fundamentals limit of energy efficiency is described is ''magnetic refrigeration'' which is an evolving cooling technology. Recently, conventional chillers using absorption technology consume energy for hot water generator but absorption chillers carry no energy saving. With the aim of providing a single point solution for this dual purpose application, a product is launched but can provide simultaneous chilling and heating using its vapour absorption technology with 40% saving in heating energy. Using energy efficiency and managing customer energy use has become an integral and valuable exercise. The reason for this is green technology helps to sustain life on earth. This not only applies to humans but to plants, animals and the rest of the ecosystem. Energy prices and consumption will always be on an upward trajectory. In fact, energy costs have steadily risen over last decade and are expected to carry on doing so as consumption grows.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of energy research studies from authors around the globe, including recent research in energy efficient appliances and energy efficient behaviors; renewable energy technologies and sustainable development; demand for clean energies efficient development in building technologies; recent advances in biomass and biogas development and perspectives; development and evaluation of a direct expansion heat pump system; assessment of the measured data with respect to renewable energy technologies; capacity of manets employing a continuous interference model with a propagation channel considering law of conservation of energy; assessing the sustainability of bioenergy systems; investigation of design parameters effect on power output and thermal efficiency of the stirling engine with irreversibility consideration using finite speed thermodynamics; energy saving and optimization of heat exchanger networks using an evolutionary method; and optimization of powered stirling heat engine with finite speed thermodynamics.

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Book SynopsisSolar and other renewable power can play an important role in future electricity system, as shown by numerous energy and electricity system model studies. Many of these studies have in common that they focus on cost as the central issue, either by optimizing it or using it as a key variable in simulation. This book examines the renewable energy policies in Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the UK in order to identify the policy motivations and constraints for expanding renewables in these countries. It also discusses safety hazards associated with the use of solar panels; rotating prism array for solar tracking; fabrication, electronic properties and microstructure of TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells; solar tower power plants performance and reliability analysis; liquid crystal devices for photovoltaic systems; and mechanisms for solar technologies.

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Book SynopsisSince 2004, the federal government has made efforts to facilitate demand-response activities, including expanding their use in wholesale electricity markets. Among these efforts, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued regulatory orders affecting Regional Transmission Organizations (RTO)entities that operate the transmission system and administer wholesale markets in some parts of the country. For example, FERC issued orders approving RTO rules for quantifying the extent of demand-response activities and compensating consumers for their demand-response activities. This book provides an update since 2004 and discusses federal efforts to facilitate demand-response activities; FERC efforts to collect and report data on demand response activities; changes in the extent of demand-response activities; key benefits and challenges of current efforts.

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Book SynopsisThe federal government has encouraged the development and use of alternative fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with aviation and to enhance economic development and energy security for the United States. To help achieve these goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the aviation industry is actively supporting alternative jet fuels. This book examines the role of the federal government in the development and use of alternative jet fuels; and key challenges to developing and using alternative jet fuels and actions that the federal government plans to or could take to help address those challenges.

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Book SynopsisIt is a well-known fact that since the start of industrial crude oil extraction, some 150 years ago, the United States has consistently been the nation that consumes a greater proportion of the global production of that precious liquid fuel. What may be less obvious for many, nowadays, is that for most of that period the US was also the country with higher crude oil production. This handbook provides recent research on oil production.

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Book SynopsisBe it in our home or workplace, we are becoming increasingly accustomed to enjoying the maximum comfort levels. To make the indoor environment as per our suitability is a challenging task. Buildings are one of the most important contributors of pollutants and waste that affects the urban environment and contributes to adverse climatic conditions. Hence, exposure to indoor air pollution from the combustion of biofuels is a significant public health hazards, affecting the poor in both rural and urban communities in developing countries. Furthermore, the world''s view of waste has changed dramatically in recent years and it is now seen as a source to feed the ever-growing demand for energy. Nowadays, emphasis is being laid upon utilisation of the surrounding energy from ground source and other renewable energy sources to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings. Exploitation of renewable energy sources and particularly ground heat in buildings can contribute towards reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Buildings where people work require more light and moreover, in the buildings where people live, the energy is used to maintain the lighting, temperature and proper ventilation. Hence, natural ventilation is rapidly becoming a significant part in the design strategy for non-domestic buildings. Ventilation has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of building operations, due to lower energy demand for cooling. A traditional, naturally ventilated building can readily provide a high ventilation rate. On the other hand, the mechanical ventilation systems are very expensive. Heating and energy consumption are interesting topics not just for the industry. Homeowners are also on the look-out for suitable technologies to keep overheads as low as possible and to save energy.

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Book SynopsisLarge Power Transformers have long been a concern for the U.S. Electricity Sector, because the failure of a single unit can cause service interruption and lead to collateral damage, and there could be difficulties in quickly replacing them. This book assesses the procurement and supply environment of large power transformers (LPTs). Key industry sources have identified the limited availability of spare LPTs as a potential issue for critical infrastructure resilience in the United States, and both the public and private sectors have been undertaking a variety of efforts to address this concern. The following topics are examined in this book: characteristics and procurement of LPTs, including key raw materials and transportation; historical trends and future demands; global and domestic LPT suppliers; potential issues in the global sourcing of LPTs; and assessment of the risks facing LPTs.

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Book SynopsisThe increase in domestic supplies of natural gas has raised new interest in expanding its use in the transportation sector. This book considers issues related to wider use of natural gas as a fuel in passenger cars and commercial vehicles. This book is designed to help fleets understand the cost factors associated with fueling infrastructure for compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It provides estimated cost ranges for various sizes and types of CNG fueling stations and an overview of factors that contribute to the total cost of an installed station; and describes how the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) used the VICE model to establish guidance for fleets making decisions about using CNG.

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Book SynopsisThe book contains ten chapters. Chapter 1 deals with classification of propellants and explosives. Mechanism of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) has been given in Chapter 2. Synthesis and characterisation of various types of nanomaterials such as oxides, ferrites, cobaltites, oxalates, mono, bi and tri metals of transition metals, and oxides of lanthanides have been discussed in Chapter-3. These have been found to be potential thermal decomposition and burning rate catalysts for AP and composite solid propellants. The preparative methods for various types of nanoenergetic compounds have been described in Chapter 4. Thermolysis of various types of nitrate, perchlorate, and NTOate salts has been discussed in Chapters 5-7. Preparation and characterisation of transition, lanthanoids metal nitrate, and perchlorate complexes with ligand of various amines have been described in Chapters 8-10. In each group of compounds, the structural properties of the individual compounds are determined by gravimetric, IR and NMR studies. For those compounds which gave crystals, X-ray crystallography technique was undertaken to determine their structures. The results obtained from thermoanalytical and kinetic investigations related to the thermal decomposition, ignition/explosion and combustion of the compounds have also been described. The author hopes this book will be of interest to everyone involved with energetic materials irrespective of their background. This will prove useful to the serious college students as a text, to the engineers interested in the broad aspects of aerospace, and as an introduction to the propulsion of missiles or space vehicles. This book will be helpful to the people working in R&D laboratories, Universities, Institutes, Production agencies, Forensic laboratories, Armed forces (Army, Navy and Air Force), Quality assurance, Homeland securities, Chemical Industries etc. This book will be of immense use to organisations dealing with the production of commercial explosives and allied chemicals. It is hoped that this compilation of work will serve to stimulate more interest and promote further progress in the research into the properties and applications of these family of compounds reported in this book.

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Book SynopsisRecent advances in combining two drilling techniques, hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, have allowed access to large deposits of shale resources -- that is, crude oil and natural gas trapped in shale and certain other dense rock formations. As a result, the cost of that "tight oil" and "shale gas" has become competitive with the cost of oil and gas extracted from other sources. Virtually non-existent a decade ago, the development of shale resources has boomed in the United States, producing about 3.5 million barrels of tight oil per day and about 9.5 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of shale gas per year. This book discusses the economic and budgetary effects of producing oil and natural gas from shale. It also examines the production, infrastructure, and market issues in U.S. shale gas development; and potential budgetary effects of immediately opening most federal lands to oil and gas leasing.

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Book SynopsisThe recent growth in unconventional natural gas production has also produced a profusion of publications on the exploration, development, production, infrastructure, economics, uses, and environmental impacts of these resources. This book summarises the current state of published descriptions of the potential environmental impacts of unconventional natural gas upstream operations within the Lower 48 United States. It also examines the technology, impacts and regulations of hydraulic fracturing, which is a key technique that has enabled the economic production of natural gas from shale deposits, or plays.

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Book SynopsisFederal energy policy since the 1970s has focused primarily on ensuring a secure supply of energy while protecting the environment. The federal government supports and intervenes in U.S. energy production and consumption in various ways, such as providing tax incentives, grants, and other support to promote domestic production of energy, as well as setting standards and requirements. This book provides information on U.S. production and consumption of fossil, nuclear, and renewable energy from 2000 through 2013 and major factors, including federal activities, that influenced energy production and consumption levels. It also provides information on other federal activities that may have influenced aspects of U.S. energy production and consumption from 2000 through 2013 but were not targeted at a specific energy source, as well as information on federal research and development.

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Book SynopsisIndia is experiencing an unprecedented construction boom. The country doubled its floorspace between 2001 and 2005 and is expected to add 35 billion m2 of new buildings by 2050. Buildings account for 35% of total final energy consumption in India today, and building energy use is growing at 8% annually. China will account for about half of the new construction globally in the coming decade. Its floorspace doubled from 1996 to 2011, and Chinese rural buildings alone have as much floorspace as all of U.S. residential buildings. Building energy consumption has also grown, increasing by over 40% since 1990. This book discusses the compliance evaluation of energy conservation building code for building energy efficiency in India; and assesses the impact of China''s policies on building energy efficiency and on the market for energy efficiency in the future

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the tradeoffs among financing methods for businesses installing onsite photovoltaics (PV). The authors present case studies of PV financing strategies used by two large commercial retailers that have deployed substantial U.S. PV capacity: IKEA, which owns its PV, and Staples, which purchases power generated from onsite PV systems through power purchase agreements (PPAs). The book also analyzes the financial considerations that influence any company''s choice of PV financing strategy. The goal in this book is to clarify the financial and institutional costs and benefits of financing strategies and to inform other companies that are considering launching or expanding similar PV programs. Furthermore, this book provides a high-level overview of the developing U.S. solar loan product landscape, from both a market and economic perspective. It covers current and potential U.S. solar lending institutions; currently available loan products; loan program structures and post-loan origination options; risks and uncertainties of the solar asset class as it pertains to lenders; and an economic analysis comparing loan products to third party-financed systems in California.

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Book SynopsisWaste biomass includes agricultural residues, livestock wastes, municipal wastes and industrial organic wastes. It should be utilised or otherwise, it will cause the pollution of water, soil and even the atmosphere. Gas biofuels have attracted growing attention as a renewable and clean energy carrier. Gas biofuels include biogas, biohydrogen and its mixture i.e. biohythane, which can be produced via anaerobic fermentation or other processes from waste biomass. This book focuses on the principles of gas biofuels in terms of types of biofuels, biomass species, and reactor configuration and production pathway. A number of books focus on the production of biogas or biohydrogen alone. In comparison, this book emphasizes the interactions and common knowledge of both. In addition, the potential of new technologies, such as microbial electrochemical technologies, and two-stage fermentation on gas biofuel production are highlighted and specifically discussed based on the authors'' research basis. This book provides a state-of-the-art technological insight into the production of gas biofuels from waste biomass. Specifically, this book consists of three parts. In Part I, the principles for gas biofuels production from waste biomass, including biogas production (Chapter 1) and biohydrogen production (Chapter 2). Part II focuses on the technical advances on gas biofuels production. Pre-treatment of biomass was firstly introduced in Chapter 3, whereas the advances of biogas production from high-solid wastes were discussed in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5. In comparison, biohydrogen production is reviewed not only through dark fermentation (Chapter 6) but also emerging microbial electrochemical technology (Chapter 7). The co-production of biohydrogen and biomethane is reviewed in Chapter 8. In addition to the utilisation of carbon and hydrogen stored in biomass, nutrients recycling through algae technology is discussed in Chapter 9. Part III discusses the scale-up and industrialization of biofuels. An industrial case is introduced to analyse the bottlenecks and perspectives for development of gas biofuels.

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Book SynopsisCoal has long been the major fossil fuel used to produce electricity. The existing coal-fired power generation fleet consists of over fifteen hundred separate units ranging in size from just a few megawatts (MW) to thirteen hundred (1,300) MW. Together these coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) constitute over 300 gigawatts (GW) of installed electric generating capacity and are responsible for generating more electricity than any other fuel type in the United Sates: between thirty-seven and fifty percent of the total kilowatt-hours (kWh) produced annually during the last decade. However, coal-fired electric power plants are one of the largest sources of air pollution in the United States, with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burning of fossil fuels believed to be the major contributor to global climate change. This book discusses efficiency improvement options of coal-fired power plants.

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Book SynopsisEnergy demand in the United States is expected to continue to grow over the coming decades, and the Department of Energy (DOE) considers nuclear energy to be one way to help meet this increased demand without producing air pollution. However, the current domestic commercial nuclear reactor fleet, consisting of 99 large light water reactors (LWRs) that provide about 20 percent of U.S. electricity is aging, and some reactors have shut down in recent years. LWRs use light, or ordinary, water to cool the reactor. New reactor concepts are under development as alternative energy options. Light water small modular reactors (SMRs) have some similarities, including the coolant used, to the existing large LWRs, and advanced reactors differ more from the large LWRs. Both new reactor concepts differ from the existing large LWRs in potential applications. This book discusses the status of light water SMR and advanced reactor concepts under development; the intended benefits of these new reactor concepts; and the challenges associated with developing and deploying these new types of reactors. Furthermore, the book describes DOE''s Office of Nuclear Energy''s (NE) approach to advanced nuclear reactor research and development (R&D) and examines how NE plans and prioritises its advanced reactor R&D activities, including deploying an advanced reactor.

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Book SynopsisThis latest volume includes contributions on the latest advances in energy research. Chapters include an overview of the production and recovery advancements of coal bed methane (CBM) reservoirs; an overview on the advancements in numerical and experimental studies of natural gas hydrate reservoirs; a discussion on the present state of the art of geothermal desalination, principles of operation for various desalination processes, and their applications and case studies around the world; an examination of ionic liquid applications as innovative electrolytes for fuel cells; a comparative study of the energy efficiency of a conventional ventilating and air conditioning (VAC) systems with three configurations; an assessment of desiccant assisted exergy recovery in air-conditioning systems; a technical and economic assessment of the Homer-pro environment simulations; and a study of an online in situ method for the monitoring of supercapacitor aging.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides current research on the performance, economic factors and effects on the environment of wind farms. The first chapter provides a technical review of wind farm improved performance and environmental development challenges. Chapter Two explores a variety of methods to be used for assessing noise from wind farms. In Chapter Three, the potential impact of wind farms on radio devices in civil aviation and a review of the impact assessment procedure and methods of our research group is presented. Chapter Four discusses the measurement, analysis and improvement in the power quality of offshore wind farms.

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Book SynopsisA dictionary that covers various aspects of energy and its role in society, as well as various areas critical to modern studies.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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