Electronics and communications engineering Books

Book SynopsisRadio Technologies and Concepts for IMT-Advanced presents the findings of the Wireless World Initiative New Radio (WINNER) project, a discussion of future consumer expectations and requirements.Table of ContentsAbout the Editors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Abbreviations. List of Contributors. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Development and Status of Mobile and Wireless Communications. 1.2 Expectations of Data Traffic Growth. 1.3 Development Towards IMT-Advanced. 1.4 Global Research Activities. 1.5 WINNER Project. 1.6 Future Work. References. 2 Usage Scenarios and Technical Requirements. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Key Scenario Elements. 2.3 Service Classes and Service Requirements. 2.4 Requirements for System Capabilities. 2.5 Terminal Requirements. 2.6 Performance Requirements. 2.7 Spectrum Requirements. 2.8 Dependency of Requirements. 2.9 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 3 WINNER II Channel Models. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Modelling Considerations. 3.3 Channel-Modelling Approach. 3.4 Channel Models and Parameters. 3.5 Channel Model Usage. 3.6 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 4 System Concept and Architecture. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Design Principles and Main Characteristics. 4.3 Logical Node Architecture. 4.4 Protocol and Service Architecture. 4.5 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 5 Modulation and Coding Techniques. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Basic Modulation and Coding Scheme. 5.3 Coding Schemes. 5.4 Link Adaptation. 5.5 Link Level Aspects of H-ARQ. 5.6 Conclusions. References. 6 Link Level Procedures. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Pilot Design. 6.3 Channel Estimation. 6.4 Radio Frequency Impairments. 6.5 Measurements and Signalling. 6.6 Link Level Synchronisation. 6.7 Network Synchronisation. 6.8 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 7 Advanced Antennas Concept for 4G. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Multiple Antennas Concept. 7.3 Spatial Adaptation. 7.4 Spatial Schemes. 7.5 Interference Mitigation. 7.6 Pilots, Feedback and Measurements. 7.7 MIMO Aspects in Relaying. 7.8 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 8 Layer-2 Relays for IMT-Advanced Cellular Networks. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Motivation for Layer-2 Relays and Prior Work. 8.3 Relay-based Deployments. 8.4 Design Choices for Relay-based Cellular Networks. 8.5 System and Network Aspects. 8.6 System-level Performance Evaluation. 8.7 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 9 Multiple Access Schemes and Inter-cell Interference Mitigation Techniques. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Multiple Access Schemes. 9.3 Inter-cell Interference Mitigation Schemes. 9.4 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 10 Radio Resource Control and System Level Functions. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 IPCL Layer. 10.3 Radio Resource Control. 10.4 Centralised, Distributed and Hybrid RRM Architecture. 10.5 System-Level Performance Results. 10.6 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 11 Sharing and Flexible Spectrum Use Capabilities. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Spectrum Technologies Framework. 11.3 Detailed Design of a Spectrum Assignment Negotiation Mechanism. 11.4 Spectrum Assignment Enabling Mechanisms. 11.5 WINNER Sharing with FSS. 11.6 Performance Evaluation of Spectrum Assignment Mechanisms. 11.7 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 12 ITU-R Spectrum Demand Calculation for IMT-Advanced. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 ITU-R Work on Spectrum Requirements of IMT-Advanced. 12.3 ITU-R Spectrum Calculation Methodology. 12.4 Software Implementation of Methodology. 12.5 Estimated Spectrum Requirements of IMT-Advanced. 12.6 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 13 System Model, Test Scenarios, and Performance Evaluation. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Performance Assessment of Wireless Networks. 13.3 Interface between Link and System Simulations. 13.4 Test Scenarios. 13.5 Spectral Efficiency and Number of Satisfied Users under QoS Constraints. 13.6 End-to-End Performance Evaluation. 13.7 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 14 Cost Assessment and Optimisation for WINNER Deployments. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Cost Assessment Framework and Assumptions. 14.3 Cost Components. 14.4 Cost Assessment Models. 14.5 Reference Deployment Scenarios and Cost Assessments. 14.6 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents state-of-the-art research on architectures, algorithms, protocols, and applications in pervasive computing and networking, one of the hottest topics on the agenda of researchers and practitioners working on the next generation of mobile communications and networks.Table of ContentsList of Contributors About the Editors PART ONE PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND SYSTEMS 1 Introduction Mohammad S. Obaidat and Isaac Woungang 1.1 Pervasive Computing and Its Significance 1.2 Research Trends in Pervasive Computing and Networking 1.3 Scanning the Book 1.4 Target Audience 1.5 Supplementary Resources 1.6 Acknowledgments References 2 Tools and Techniques for Dynamic Reconfiguration and Interoperability of Pervasive Systems Evens Jean, Sahra Sedigh, Ali R. Hurson, and Behrooz A. Shirazi 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Mobile Agent Technology 2.3 Sensor Networks 2.4 Collaboration and Interoperability Among Sensor Networks 2.5 Applications 2.6 Conclusion References 3 Models for Service and Resource Discovery in Pervasive Computing Mehdi Khouja, Carlos Juiz, Ramon Puigjaner, and Farouk Kamoun 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Service Oriented Architecture 3.3 Industry and Consortia Supported Models for Service Discovery 3.4 Research Initiatives in Service Discovery for Pervasive Systems 3.5 Conclusions References 4 Pervasive Learning Tools and Technologies Neil Y. Yen, Qun Jin, Hiroaki Ogata, Timothy K. Shih, and Y. Yano 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Pervasive Learning: A Promising Innovative Paradigm 4.3 Emerging Technologies and Systems for Pervasive Learning 4.4 Integration of Real-World Practice and Experience with Pervasive Learning 4.5 Nature of Pervasive Learning and Provision of Well-Being in Education 4.6 Conclusion References 5 Service Management in Pervasive Computing Environments Jiannong Cao, Joanna Siebert, and Vaskar Raychoudhury 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Service Management in Pervasive Computing Environments 5.3 Techniques for Service Management in PvCE 5.4 Service Composition 5.5 Conclusions References 6 Wireless Sensor Cooperation for a Sustainable Quality of Information Abdelmajid Khelil, Christian Reinl, Brahim Ayari, Faisal Karim Shaikh, Piotr Szczytowski, Azad Ali, and Neeraj Suri 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Sensing the Real World 6.3 Inter-Sensor Cooperation 6.4 Mobile Sensor Cooperation 6.5 Cooperation Across Mobile Entities 6.6 Inter-WSN Cooperation 6.7 Conclusions and Future Research Directions References 7 An Opportunistic Pervasive Networking Paradigm: Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks Didem Gozupek and Fatih Alagoz 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Overview of Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks MAC Layer 7.3 Proposed Mac Layer Protocols 7.4 Open Issues 7.5 Conclusions References 8 Wearable Computing and Sensor Systems for Healthcare Franca Delmastro and Marco Conti 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Health Body Area Network 8.3 Medical and Technological Requirements of Health Sensors 8.4 Wearable Sensors for Vital Signals Monitoring 8.5 Wearable Sensors for Activity Recognition 8.6 Sensors and Signals for Emotion Recognition 8.7 Intra-BAN Communications in Pervasive Healthcare Systems: Standards and Protocols 8.8 Conclusions References 9 Standards and Implementation of Pervasive Computing Applications Daniel Cascado, Jose Luis Sevillano, Luis Fernandez-Luque, Karl Johan Grøttum, L. Kristian Vognild, and T. M. Burkow 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Wireless Technologies and Standards 9.3 Middleware 9.4 Case Studies References PART TWO PERVASIVE NETWORKING SECURITY. 10 Security and Privacy in Pervasive Networks Tarik Guelzim and Mohammad S. Obaidat 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Security Classics 10.3 Hardening Pervasive Networks 10.4 Privacy in Pervasive Networks 10.5 Conclusion References 11 UnderstandingWormhole Attacks in Pervasive Networks Isaac Woungang, Sanjay Kumar Dhurandher, and Abhishek Gupta 11.1 Introduction 11.2 A Wormhole Attack 11.3 Severity of a Wormhole Attack 11.4 Background 11.5 Classification of Wormholes 11.6 Wormhole Attack Modes 11.7 Mitigating Wormhole Attacks 11.8 Discussion of Some Mitigating Solutions to Avoid Wormhole Attacks 11.9 Conclusion and Future Work References 12 An Experimental Comparison of Collaborative Defense Strategies for Network Security Hao Chen and Yu Chen 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Background 12.3 Small-World Network Based Modeling Platform 12.4 Internet Worm Attack and Defense 12.5 Experiments and Performance Evaluation 12.6 Conclusions References 13 Smart Devices, Systems and Intelligent Environments Joaquin Entrialgo and Mohammad S. Obaidat 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Smart Devices and Systems 13.3 Intelligent Environments 13.4 Trends 13.5 Limitations and Challenges 13.6 Applications and Case Studies 13.7 Conclusion References PART THREE PERVASIVE NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS. 14 Autonomic and Pervasive Networking Thabo K. R. Nkwe, Mieso K. Denko, and Jason B. Ernst 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Ubiquitous/Pervasive Networks 14.3 Applying Autonomic Techniques to Ubiquitous/Pervasive Networks 14.4 Self-* (star) In Autonomic and Pervasive Networks 14.5 Autonomic and Pervasive Networking Challenges 14.6 Conclusions and Future Directions References 15 An Adaptive Architecture of Service Component for Pervasive Computing Fei Li, Y. He, Athanasios V. Vasilakos, and Naixue Xiong 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Motivation 15.3 An Overview of the Delaying Adaptation Tool 15.4 Case Study 15.5 Related Work 15.6 Conclusions References 16 On Probabilistic k-Coverage in Pervasive Wireless Sensor Networks Habib M. Ammari 16.1 Introduction 16.2 The Coverage Problem 16.3 Coverage Configuration Problem 16.4 Stochastic k-Coverage Protocol 16.5 Conclusion References 17 On the Usage of Overlays to Provide QoS Over IEEE 802.11b/g/e Pervasive and Mobile Networks Luca Caviglione, Franco Davoli, and Piergiulio Maryni 17.1 Introduction 17.2 A Glance at P2P Overlay Networks and QoS Mechanisms 17.3 Design of Overlays to Support QoS 17.4 Performance Evaluation 17.5 Conclusions and Future Developments Appendic I. The Distributed Algortihm for Bandwidth Management References 18 Performance Evaluation of Pervasive Networks Based on WiMAX Networks Elmabruk Laias and Irfan Awan 18.1 Introduction 18.2 IEEE 802.16 Architecture and QoS Requirements 18.3 Related Work 18.4 Proposed QoS Framework 18.5 Simulation Experiments and Numerical Results 18.6 Summary References 19 Implementation Frameworks for Mobile and Pervasive Networks Bilhanan Silverajan and Jarmo Harju 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Correlating Design to Implementations 19.3 Challenges for Implementation Frameworks 19.4 State of the Art in Implementation Frameworks 19.5 Current Frameworks Research for Network Protocols and Applications 19.6 Evaluating Frameworks and Implementations 19.7 Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisFemtocells are low-power wireless access points used in the home and office. They operate in licensed spectrum to connect standard mobile phones (WCDMA, LTE, WiMAX, CDMA and GSM) and other mobile devices to a mobile operator's network via standard broadband internet connections. This technology is of high interest for mobile operators and for millions of users who will benefit from enhanced access to mobile broadband services. Femtocells outlines how wireless access points can be used by mobile operators to provide high-speed wireless access, enhancing coverage and capacity and delivering entirely new services, while maximising the benefits of licensed spectrum. The book examines the market, exploring commercial and technical factors which are critical in the initial deployment and long-term success of femtocells. Business, standards and regulatory aspects are also considered to provide a complete but concise overview. One of the first authoritative texts to concentratTable of ContentsAbout the Authors xv Foreword xix Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxiii Abbreviations xxv List of Figures xxxv List of Tables xxxix 1 Introduction to Femtocells 1 Simon Saunders 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Why Femtocells? The Market Context 1 1.3 The Nature of Mobile Broadband Demand 2 1.4 What is a Femtocell? 4 1.4.1 Femtocell Attributes 6 1.4.2 Femtocell Standards 7 1.4.3 Types of Femtocell 7 1.5 Applications for Femtocells 7 1.6 What a Femtocell is not 8 1.7 The Importance of ‘Zero-Touch’ 10 1.8 User Benefits 11 1.9 Operator Motivations and Economic Impact 13 1.10 Operator Responses 14 1.11 Challenges 15 1.12 Chapter Overview 15 2 Small Cell Background and Success Factors 17 Simon Saunders 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Small Cell Motivations 17 2.2.1 Cellular Principles 17 2.2.2 Conventional Cell Types: Why ‘Femtocells’? 18 2.2.3 Challenges of Achieving Indoor Coverage from Outdoor Macrocells 20 2.2.4 Spectrum Efficiency 21 2.2.5 Geometry Factors 23 2.2.6 The Backhaul Challenge 24 2.3 Other Small-Cell Systems 24 2.3.1 Overview 24 2.3.2 Picocells 24 2.3.3 Distributed Antenna Systems 25 2.3.4 Wireless Local Area Networks 27 2.4 The Small-Cell Landscape 28 2.5 Emergence of the Femtocell – Critical Success Factors 29 2.5.1 Mobile Data Adoption and Revenue Growth 30 2.5.2 Broadband Adoption 30 2.5.3 Connecting Four Billion Users – And Counting 31 2.5.4 Internet Applications 33 2.5.5 Fixed–Mobile Substitution 33 2.5.6 User Device Availability 36 2.5.7 Processing Power and Cost 36 2.6 Conclusions 37 3 Market Issues for Femtocells 39 Stuart Carlaw 3.1 Key Benefits of a Femtocell from Market Perspective 39 3.1.1 In-Home Coverage 39 3.1.2 Macro Network Capacity Gain 40 3.1.3 Termination Fees 40 3.1.4 Simplistic Handset Approach 41 3.1.5 Home Footprint and the Quadruple Play 41 3.1.6 Maximising Returns on Spectrum Investment 42 3.1.7 Churn Reduction – The Sticky Bundle 42 3.1.8 Positive Impact on Subsidisation Trends 43 3.1.9 Value-Added Services 43 3.1.10 Changing User Behaviour 43 3.1.11 Reducing Energy Consumption 44 3.2 Key Primers 44 3.2.1 Broadband Penetration 44 3.2.2 Saturation 45 3.2.3 Evolution in Carrier Business Model 46 3.2.4 Competition 47 3.2.5 Technical Feasibility 48 3.2.6 Economics 48 3.2.7 Limitations in Other Services 49 3.2.8 Carrier and Manufacturer Support 49 3.2.9 Consumer Demand 50 3.2.10 Supporting the Data Boom 50 3.2.11 Growing Standardisation 50 3.2.12 Air Interface Technology Evolution 52 3.3 Key Market Challenges 52 3.3.1 Cost Pressure 52 3.3.2 Intellectual Property Rights 53 3.3.3 Technology Issues 53 3.3.4 Establishing a ‘Sellable’ Proposition 54 3.3.5 Disconnect Between OEMs and Carriers 54 3.3.6 Too Much Reliance on Standards 54 3.3.7 Window of Opportunity 55 3.3.8 Developing the Ecosystem 55 3.4 Business Cases for Femtocells 55 3.4.1 Business Case Foundations 55 3.4.2 Exploring the Economics 57 3.5 Air Interface Choices 60 3.5.1 GSM Advantages 60 3.5.2 GSM Disadvantages 61 3.5.3 WCDMA Advantages 61 3.5.4 WCDMA Disadvantages 61 3.5.5 Conclusions 61 3.5.6 HSDPA, HSUPA and HSPA+ 62 3.6 Product Feature Sets 62 3.6.1 Stand-Alone 62 3.6.2 Broadband Gateway 63 3.6.3 Wi-Fi Access Point 63 3.6.4 TV Set-Top Box 63 3.6.5 Video Distribution Mechanisms 64 3.6.6 Segmentation 64 3.7 Additional Considerations 64 3.7.1 Enterprise Femtocells 64 3.7.2 Super-Femtocells and Outdoor Femtocells 65 3.8 Adoption Forecasts and Volumes 65 3.8.1 Methodology 65 3.8.2 Forecasts 68 3.9 Conclusions 70 4 Radio Issues for Femtocells 71 Simon Saunders 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Spectrum Scenarios 71 4.3 Propagation in Femtocell Environments 73 4.4 Coverage 74 4.5 Downlink Interference 75 4.6 Interference Challenges and Mitigations 79 4.7 Femtocell-to-Femtocell Interference 80 4.8 System-Level Performance 81 4.9 RF Specifications in WCDMA 84 4.10 Health and Safety Concerns 86 4.11 Conclusions 89 5 Femtocell Networks and Architectures 91 Andrea Giustina 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Challenges 92 5.3 Requirements 93 5.4 Femto Architectures and Interfaces 94 5.5 Key Architectural Choices 96 5.5.1 Connecting Remote Femtocells 96 5.5.2 Integrating the Femto Network with the Macro Network 98 5.5.3 Functional Split between the FAP and the FGW 100 5.6 Other Important Femto Solution Aspects 101 5.6.1 End-to-End Quality of Service 102 5.6.2 Local Access (Data and Voice) 103 5.6.3 Femtozone Services 105 5.6.4 Mobility 106 5.6.5 Femtocell Location 108 5.6.6 Enterprise and Open Spaces 109 5.7 UMTS Femtos 110 5.7.1 Iuh Protocol Stacks 110 5.8 CDMA 112 5.9 WiMAX 113 5.10 GSM 114 5.11 LTE 115 5.12 Conclusions 116 6 Femtocell Management 117 Ravi Raj Bhat and V. Srinivasa Rao 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 Femtocell FCAPS Requirements 118 6.2.1 Fault and Event Management 119 6.2.2 Configuration Management 119 6.2.3 Accounting and Administration Management 119 6.2.4 Performance Management 120 6.2.5 Security Management 120 6.3 Broadband Forum Auto-Configuration Architecture and Framework 120 6.4 Auto-Configuration Data Organisation 121 6.4.1 Data Hierarchy 121 6.4.2 Profiles 123 6.5 CPE WAN Management Protocol Overview 123 6.5.1 Protocol Stack and Operation 124 6.6 FAP Service Data Model 126 6.6.1 Control Object Group 126 6.6.2 Configuration Object Group 126 6.6.3 Monitoring Object Group 128 6.6.4 Management Object Group 129 6.7 DOCSIS OSS Architecture and Framework 129 6.8 Conclusions 132 7 Femtocell Security 133 Rasa Siegberg 7.1 Why is Security Important? 133 7.1.1 Viewpoint: Continuity 133 7.1.2 Viewpoint: (Contained) Change 134 7.2 The Threat Model 134 7.2.1 Threats from ‘Outsiders’ – Third Parties 135 7.2.2 Threats from ‘Insiders’ – Device Owners 135 7.3 Countering the Threats 136 7.3.1 Radio Link Protection 136 7.3.2 Protecting the (IP) Backhaul 138 7.3.3 Device Integrity – Tamper Resistance 143 7.4 Conclusions 145 8 Femtocell Standards and Industry Groups 147 Simon Saunders 8.1 The Importance of Standards 147 8.2 GSM 148 8.3 WCDMA 148 8.3.1 TSG RAN WG2 – Radio Layer 2 and Radio Layer 3 RR 149 8.3.2 TSG RAN WG3 Architecture 149 8.3.3 TSG RAN WG4 Radio Performance and Protocol Aspects RF Parameters and BS Conformance 150 8.3.4 TSG SA WG1 – Services 150 8.3.5 TSG SA WG3 – Security 150 8.3.6 TSG SA WG5 Telecom Management 151 8.3.7 Summary of WCDMA Standards 151 8.4 TD-SCDMA 151 8.5 LTE 151 8.6 CDMA 153 8.7 Mobile WiMAX 155 8.8 The Femto Forum 156 8.9 The Broadband Forum 157 8.10 GSMA 157 8.11 Conclusions 157 9 Femtocell Regulation 159 Simon Saunders 9.1 Introduction 159 9.2 Regulatory Benefits of Femtocells 159 9.3 Spectrum Efficiency 160 9.4 Economic Efficiency 160 9.5 Enabling Competition 160 9.6 Broadening Access to Services 161 9.7 Enabling Innovation 161 9.8 Environmental Goals 161 9.9 Spectrum Licensing Issues 162 9.10 Location 163 9.11 Authentication 163 9.12 Emergency Calls 163 9.13 Lawful Interception and Local IP Access 164 9.14 Backhaul Challenges 165 9.15 Mobile Termination Rates 165 9.16 Competition Concerns 166 9.17 Equipment Approvals 166 9.18 Examples of Femtocell Regulations 166 9.19 Conclusions 168 10 Femtocell Implementation Considerations 169 Simon Saunders 10.1 Introduction 169 10.2 Signal Processing 170 10.3 Location 170 10.4 Frequency and Timing Control 171 10.5 Protocol Implementation 172 10.6 RF Implementation 172 10.7 System Design and Cost 173 10.8 Mobile Device Challenges and Opportunities 175 10.9 Conclusions 176 11 Business and Service Options for Femtocells 177 Simon Saunders and Stuart Carlaw 11.1 Introduction 177 11.2 Ways of being a Femtocell Operator 177 11.3 Femtocells for Fixed-Line Operators 180 11.4 Types of Femtocell Service 181 11.5 Service Examples 182 11.5.1 Femtozone Services 182 11.5.2 Connected Home Services 184 11.6 Service Enablers 185 11.6.1 Service Implementation 186 11.7 Stages of Femtocell Service Introduction 186 11.7.1 Stage 1 – Supporting Fixed Mobile Substitution 187 11.7.2 Stage 2 – Prompting Mobile Data Uptake 187 11.7.3 Stage 3 – Bringing the Mobile Phone into the Connected Home Concept 187 11.7.4 Stage 4 – Taking the Connected Home into the Wider World 187 11.8 Conclusions 188 12 Summary: The Status and Future of Femtocells 189 Simon Saunders 12.1 Summary 189 12.2 Potential Future Femtocell Landscape 191 12.2.1 Growth of Femtocell Adoption 191 12.2.2 Femtocells in Homes and Offices 192 12.2.3 Femtocells in Developing and Rural Markets 192 12.2.4 Femtocells Outdoors 192 12.2.5 Femtocell-Only Operators 193 12.2.6 Femtos Enabling Next-Generation Mobile Networks 193 12.2.7 When is a Femtocell not a Femtocell? 195 12.3 Concluding Remarks 195 References 197 Further Reading 203 Appendix: A Brief Guide to Units and Spectrum 205 Index 207

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Book SynopsisA guide to implementing the DVB-H system for the carriage of MobileTV services, The DVB-H Handbook provides an overview of all aspects of the specification. Placing particular emphasis on the technical elements, it includes important information on the signalling and service discovery. The background, functioning, planning and optimisation of DVB-H are systematically explained for use in network planning and optimization. Subjects such as coding, different modes for channel delivery and protection in core and radio system are detailed. Giving examples on the practical interpretation of the DVB-H specifications, this book also describes the process behind the realization of the end-to-end system. Outlines the functioning, planning and optimization of the complete DVB-H system Spans topics from physical network planning and link layer specifications, to application ingredients such as EPGs and audiovisual streaming technologies Uses illustrations and selected Table of ContentsAbout the Authors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Abbreviations. List of Contributors. List of Figures. 1. General. 1.1 Setting up the Scene. 1.2 Benefits of DVB-H. 1.3 Standardization. 1.4 Contents of the Book. 2. DVB-H Overview. 2.1 Time Slicing. 2.2 MPE-FEC. 2.3 DVB-H Specific Signaling. 2.4 The Broadcast and Cellular Systems in DVB-H. 2.5 Market Needs. 2.6 Applications. 3. Mobile TV Business Eco-System. 3.1 The Network of Dependencies in Mobile TV Business. 3.2 Mobile TV Business Role. 3.3 Vertical Business Model, Mobile Operator-Driven Model. 3.4 Virtual Network Operator Model, Mobile Operator Operator-Driven Model. 3.5 Wholesaler-Reseller Model, Broadcast Network Operator-Driven Model.. 3.6 NewCo or Consortium – Broadcaster-Driven Model. 3.7 Revenue Models. 3.8 Broadcast Network as Starting Point. 4. Technical Architecture. 4.1 Main Elements. 4.2 Core Network. 4.3 Mobile Broadcast Solution (MBS). 4.4 Radio Network. 4.5 Interfaces and Protocols. 5. DVB-H Equipment. 5.1 Terminals. 5.2 Core Elements. 5.3 Radio Elements. 5.4 Antenna Systems. 5.5 Measurement Equipment. 5.6 Other Equipment. 6. Functionality of the System. 6.1 The Protocol Stack of the End-to-End OMA-BCAST over DVB-H System. 6.2 Upper Layer Protocols. 6.3 MPE in DVB-H. 6.4 MPE-FEC Frame. 6.5 Principle of Time-Sliced Transmission. 6.6 Program-Specific Information (PSI)/Service Information (SI). 6.7 Transport Stream. 6.8 Transmission Parameter Signaling (TPS). 6.9 The Head-End Functionality. 6.10 The Receiver and Terminal Functionality. 6.11 The DVB-H Network Types. 7. Signalling. 7.1 Service Discovery Signalling. 7.2 End-to-End Service Discovery. 7.3 Interaction Channel. 7.4 Service and Content Protection. 8. DVB-H Head-End. 8.1 Overview. 8.2 A/V Content Encoding. 8.3 A/V Content Scrambling. 8.4 Electronic Service Guide (ESG) Generation. 8.5 IP Encapsulation. 8.6 Service Management. 8.7 Subscriber and Subscription Management. 8.8 SFN Synchronization. 9. DVB-H Radio Network. 9.1 OFDM. 9.2 DVB-H Radio Frequency. 9.3 Modulation. 9.4 FFT Mode. 9.5 Guard Interval. 9.6 Error Correction. 10. Radio Network Dimensioning. 10.1 Radio Network Planning Process. 10.2 Capacity. 10.3 Link Budget. 10.4 Coverage Area Calculations. 10.5 Trade-offs Between the Parameters. 10.6 Radio Network Measurements and Analysis. 10.7 EMC and Bio-effect Calculations. 11. Optimization of the Network. 11.1 Technical Parameters. 11.2 SFN Size. 11.3 Effect of Transmitter Power on Network Costs. 12. Future. 13. Appendix 1. DVB Standards List. 13. 1 Transmission. 13.2 Multiplexing. 13.3 Source Coding. 13.4 Subtitling. 13.5 Interactivity. 13.6 Middleware. 13.7 Content Protection and Copy Management. 13.8 Interfacing. 13.9 Internet Protocol. 13.10 Conditional Access. 13.11 Measurements. References. Internet Links. Index.

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Book Synopsis*Focuses mainly on higher layer networking, aTable of ContentsAbout the Editors xiii List of Contributors xvii 1 Introduction 1 Mohammad S. Obaidat and Sudip Misra 1.1 Major Features of the Book 4 1.2 Target Audience 4 1.3 Supplementary Resources 5 1.4 Acknowledgements 5 2 Fundamentals and Issues with Cooperation in Networking 7 Mohammad S. Obaidat and Tarik Guelzim 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Fundamentals of Cooperating Networks 7 2.2.1 Cooperative Adhoc Network Services 8 2.2.2 Cooperative Relaying Network Service 13 2.3 Issues and Security Flaws with Cooperating Networks: Wireless Sensor Networks Case Study 15 2.3.1 Limitations in Mobile Ad hoc Networks 16 2.4 Conclusions 19 References 19 3 To Cooperate or Not to Cooperate? That is the Question! 21 Mohamed H. Ahmed and Salama S. Ikki 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Overview of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 22 3.2.1 Relaying Techniques 22 3.2.2 Combining Techniques 23 3.2.3 Other Cooperating Techniques 24 3.3 Benefits of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 25 3.3.1 Signal-Quality Improvement 25 3.3.2 Reduced Power 28 3.3.3 Better Coverage 28 3.3.4 Capacity Gain 28 3.4 Major Challenges of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 28 3.4.1 Resources Over-Utilization 28 3.4.2 Additional Delay 29 3.4.3 Complexity 30 3.4.4 Unavailability of Cooperating Nodes 32 3.4.5 Security Threats 32 3.5 Discussion and Conclusion 32 References 33 4 Cooperation in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 35 J. Barbancho, D. Cascado, J. L. Sevillano, C. León, A. Linares and F. J. Molina 4.1 Introduction 35 4.2 Why Could Cooperation in WAdSN be Useful? 36 4.2.1 Time Synchronization, Localization and Calibration 36 4.2.2 Routing 41 4.2.3 Data Aggregation and Fusion 43 4.3 Research Directions for Cooperation in WAdSN 45 4.3.1 Middleware for WAdSN 46 4.3.2 Multi-Agent Systems in WAdSN 48 4.3.3 Artificial Neural Networks in WAdSN 50 4.4 Final Remarks 53 4.5 Acknowledgements 53 References 53 5 Cooperation in Autonomous Vehicular Networks 57 Sidi Mohammed Senouci, Abderrahim Benslimane and Hassnaa Moustafa 5.1 Introduction 57 5.2 Overview on Vehicular Networks 58 5.3 Cooperation at Different OSI Layers 59 5.3.1 Cooperation at Lower Layers 59 5.3.2 Cooperation at Network Layer 60 5.3.3 Security and Authentication versus Cooperation 67 5.3.4 Cooperation at Upper Layers 69 5.4 Conclusion 73 References 73 6 Cooperative Overlay Networking for Streaming Media Content 77 F. Wang, J. Liu and K. Wu 6.1 Introduction 77 6.2 Architectural Choices for Streaming Media Content over the Internet 78 6.2.1 Router-Based Architectures: IP Multicast 79 6.2.2 Architectures with Proxy Caching 80 6.2.3 Peer-to-Peer Architectures 81 6.3 Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming 82 6.3.1 Comparisons with Other Peer-to-Peer Applications 82 6.3.2 Design Issues 83 6.3.3 Approaches for Overlay Construction 83 6.4 Overview of mTreebone 85 6.4.1 Treebone: A Stable Tree-Based Backbone 85 6.4.2 Mesh: An Adaptive Auxiliary Overlay 86 6.5 Treebone Construction and Optimization 87 6.5.1 Optimal Stable Node Identification 87 6.5.2 Treebone Bootstrapping and Evolution 88 6.5.3 Treebone Optimization 89 6.6 Collaborative Mesh-Tree Data Delivery 91 6.6.1 Seamless Push/Pull Switching 91 6.6.2 Handling Host Dynamics 91 6.7 Performance Evaluation 92 6.7.1 Large-Scale Simulations 92 6.7.2 PlanetLab-Based Experiments 94 6.8 Conclusion and Future Work 98 References 98 7 Cooperation in DTN-Based Network Architectures 101 Vasco N. G. J. Soares and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues 7.1 Introduction 101 7.2 Delay-Tolerant Networks 102 7.2.1 DTN Application Domains 103 7.2.2 Cooperation in Delay-Tolerant Networks 103 7.3 Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks 106 7.3.1 Cooperation in Vehicular-Delay Tolerant Networks 106 7.3.2 Performance Assessment of Node Cooperation 108 7.4 Conclusions 112 7.5 Acknowledgements 113 References 113 8 Access Selection and Cooperation in Ambient Networks 117 Ram´on Agüero 8.1 Leveraging the Cooperation in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks 117 8.2 The Ambient Networks Philosophy 118 8.2.1 Generic Link Layer 120 8.2.2 Management of Heterogeneous Wireless Resources 120 8.2.3 Additional Functional Entities 121 8.2.4 Multi-Access Functions and Procedures 122 8.3 Related Work 125 8.4 Outlook 125 8.4.1 Cognition 125 8.4.2 Mesh Topologies 127 8.5 Conclusions 127 References 128 9 Cooperation in Intrusion Detection Networks 133 Carol Fung and Raouf Boutaba 9.1 Overview of Network Intrusions 133 9.1.1 Single-Host Intrusion and Malware 133 9.1.2 Distributed Attacks and Botnets 134 9.1.3 Cooperative Attacks and Phishing 134 9.2 Intrusion Detection Systems 135 9.2.1 Signature-Based and Anomaly-Based IDSs 135 9.2.2 Host-Based and Network-Based IDSs 135 9.3 Cooperation in Intrusion Detection Networks 136 9.3.1 Cooperation Topology 136 9.3.2 Cooperation Scope 137 9.3.3 Specialization 137 9.3.4 Cooperation Technologies and Algorithms 137 9.3.5 Taxonomy 138 9.4 Selected Intrusion Detection Networks 139 9.4.1 Indra 139 9.4.2 DOMINO 139 9.4.3 DShield 140 9.4.4 NetShield 140 9.4.5 Gossip 141 9.4.6 Worminator 142 9.4.7 ABDIAS 142 9.4.8 CRIM 142 9.4.9 HBCIDS 143 9.4.10 ALPACAS 143 9.4.11 CDDHT 143 9.4.12 SmartScreen Filter 143 9.4.13 FFCIDN 144 9.5 Open Challenges and Future Directions 144 9.6 Conclusion 144 References 144 10 Cooperation Link Level Retransmission in Wireless Networks 147 Mehrdad Dianati, Xuemin (Sherman) Shen and Kshirasagar Naik 10.1 Introduction 147 10.2 Background 149 10.2.1 Modeling of Fading Channels 149 10.2.2 Automatic Repeat Request 152 10.3 System Model 154 10.4 Protocol Model 155 10.5 Node Cooperative SW Scheme 156 10.6 Performance Analysis 157 10.7 Delay Analysis 164 10.8 Verification of Analytical Models 168 10.8.1 Throughput 169 10.8.2 Average Delay and Delay Jitter 171 10.9 Discussion of the Related Works 172 10.10 Summary 174 10.11 Acknowledgement 174 References 175 11 Cooperative Inter-Node and Inter-Layer Optimization of Network Protocols 177 D. Kliazovich, F. Granelli and N. L. S. da Fonseca 11.1 Introduction 177 11.2 A Framework for Cooperative Configuration and Optimization 178 11.2.1 Tuning TCP/IP Parameters 178 11.2.2 Cooperative Optimization Architecture 179 11.3 Cooperative Optimization Design 181 11.3.1 Inter-Layer Cooperative Optimization 181 11.3.2 Inter-Node Cooperative Optimization 183 11.4 A Test Case: TCP Optimization Using a Cooperative Framework 184 11.4.1 Implementation 184 11.4.2 Inter-Layer Cognitive Optimization 186 11.4.3 Inter-Node Cognitive Optimization 187 11.5 Conclusions 189 References 189 12 Cooperative Network Coding 191 H. Rashvand, C. Khirallah, V. Stankovic and L. Stankovic 12.1 Introduction 191 12.2 Network Coding Concept 192 12.2.1 Example 192 12.3 Cooperative Relay 195 12.4 Cooperation Strategies 196 12.4.1 Performance Measures 197 12.5 Cooperative Network Coding 206 12.6 Conclusions 214 References 214 13 Cooperative Caching for Chip Multiprocessors 217 J. Chang, E. Herrero, R. Canal and G. Sohi 13.1 Caching and Chip Multiprocessors 217 13.1.1 Caching Background 217 13.1.2 CMP (Chip Multiprocessor) 218 13.1.3 CMP Caching Challenges 218 13.2 Cooperative Caching and CMP Caching 220 13.2.1 Motivation for Cooperative Caching 220 13.2.2 The Unique Aspects of Cooperative Caching 220 13.2.3 CMP Cache Partitioning Schemes 225 13.2.4 A Taxonomy of CMP Caching Techniques 226 13.3 CMP Cooperative Caching Framework 226 13.3.1 CMP Cooperative Caching Framework 227 13.3.2 CC Mechanisms 229 13.3.3 CC Implementations 234 13.3.4 CC for Large Scale CMPs 241 13.3.5 Distributed Cooperative Caching 243 13.3.6 Summary 249 13.4 CMP Cooperative Caching Applications 251 13.4.1 CMP Cooperative Caching for Latency Reduction 252 13.4.2 CMP Cooperative Caching for Adaptive Repartitioning 259 13.4.3 CMP Cooperative Caching for Performance Isolation 262 13.5 Summary 269 References 270 14 Market-Oriented Resource Management and Scheduling: A Taxonomy and Survey 277 Saurabh Kumar Garg and Rajkumar Buyya 14.1 Introduction 277 14.2 Overview of Utility Grids and Preliminaries 277 14.3 Requirements 279 14.3.1 Consumer Side Requirements 279 14.3.2 Resource Provider Side Requirements 280 14.3.3 Market Exchange Requirements 280 14.4 Utility Grid Infrastructural Components 282 14.5 Taxonomy of Market-Oriented Scheduling 283 14.5.1 Market Model 284 14.5.2 Allocation Decision 288 14.5.3 Participant Focus 288 14.5.4 Application Type 288 14.5.5 Allocation Objective 289 14.6 Survey of Grid Resource Management Systems 289 14.6.1 Survey of Market-Oriented Systems 289 14.6.2 System-Oriented Schedulers 296 14.7 Discussion and Gap Analysis 300 14.7.1 Scheduling Mechanisms 300 14.7.2 Market Based Systems 301 14.8 Summary 302 References 303 Glossary 307 Index 319

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Book Synopsis3G, HSPA and FDD versus TDD Networking, Second Edition is the only book that contrasts the network capacity gains that may be achieved with the advent of adaptive antenna arrays and HSDPA-style adaptive modulation techniques in the context of FDD and TDD CDMA cellular networks.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xv Other Wiley and IEEE Press Books on Related Topics xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxxi 1 Third-generation CDMA Systems 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Basic CDMA System 2 1.2.1 Spread Spectrum Fundamentals 2 1.2.2 The Effect of Multipath Channels 6 1.2.3 Rake Receiver 9 1.2.4 Multiple Access 13 1.2.5 Spreading Codes 19 1.2.6 Channel Estimation 22 1.2.7 Summary 26 1.3 Third-generation Systems 26 1.3.1 Introduction 26 1.3.2 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) 29 1.3.3 The cdma2000 Terrestrial Radio Access 68 1.3.4 Performance-enhancement Features 82 1.3.5 Summary of 3G Systems 84 1.4 Summary and Conclusions 85 2 High Speed Downlink and Uplink Packet Access 87 2.1 Introduction 87 2.2 High Speed Downlink Packet Access 88 2.2.1 Physical Layer 92 2.2.2 Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer 98 2.3 High Speed Uplink Packet Access 99 2.3.1 Physical Layer 102 2.3.2 MAC Layer 108 2.4 Implementation Issues 112 2.4.1 HS-SCCH Detection Algorithm 112 2.4.2 16QAM 115 2.4.3 HARQ Result Processing Time 116 2.4.4 Crest Factor 117 3 HSDPA-style Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Wireless Transceivers 119 3.1 Motivation 119 3.2 Narrowband Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Modulation 120 3.3 Wideband Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Modulation 123 3.3.1 Channel Quality Metrics 123 3.4 Wideband BbB-AQAM Video Transceivers 126 3.5 BbB-AQAM Performance 129 3.6 Wideband BbB-AQAM Video Performance 131 3.6.1 AQAM Switching Thresholds 133 3.6.2 Turbo-coded AQAM Videophone Performance 135 3.7 Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Joint-Detection CDMA Video Transceiver 136 3.7.1 Multi-user Detection for CDMA 136 3.7.2 JD-ACDMA Modem Mode Adaptation and Signalling 138 3.7.3 The JD-ACDMA Video Transceiver 139 3.7.4 JD-ACDMA Video Transceiver Performance 141 3.8 Subband-adaptive OFDM Video Transceivers 145 3.9 Summary and Conclusions 150 4 Intelligent Antenna Arrays and Beamforming 151 4.1 Introduction 151 4.2 Beamforming 152 4.2.1 Antenna Array Parameters 152 4.2.2 Potential Benefits of Antenna Arrays in Mobile Communications 153 4.2.3 Signal Model 162 4.2.4 A Beamforming Example 165 4.2.5 Analog Beamforming 166 4.2.6 Digital Beamforming 167 4.2.7 Element-space Beamforming 167 4.2.8 Beam-space Beamforming 168 4.3 Adaptive Beamforming 169 4.3.1 Fixed Beams 170 4.3.2 Temporal Reference Techniques 171 4.3.3 Spatial Reference Techniques 184 4.3.4 Blind Adaptation 187 4.3.5 Adaptive Arrays in the Downlink 189 4.3.6 Adaptive Beamforming Performance Results 191 4.4 Summary and Conclusions 213 5 Adaptive Arrays in an FDMA/TDMA Cellular Network 215 5.1 Introduction 215 5.2 Modelling Adaptive Antenna Arrays 216 5.2.1 Algebraic Manipulation with Optimal Beamforming 216 5.2.2 Using Probability Density Functions 218 5.2.3 Sample Matrix Inversion Beamforming 219 5.3 Channel Allocation Techniques 220 5.3.1 Overview of Channel Allocation 221 5.3.2 Simulation of the Channel Allocation Algorithms 232 5.3.3 Overview of Channel Allocation Algorithms 236 5.3.4 DCA Performance without Adaptive Arrays 241 5.4 Employing Adaptive Antenna Arrays 242 5.5 Multipath Propagation Environments 245 5.6 Network Performance Results 251 5.6.1 System Simulation Parameters 252 5.6.2 Non-wraparound Network Performance Results 261 5.6.3 Wrap-around Network Performance Results 292 5.7 Summary and Conclusions 315 6 HSDPA-style FDD Networking, Adaptive Arrays and Adaptive Modulation 317 6.1 Introduction 317 6.2 Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access 318 6.3 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access 320 6.3.1 Spreading and Modulation 321 6.3.2 Common Pilot Channel 325 6.3.3 Power Control 326 6.3.4 Soft Handover 328 6.3.5 Signal-to-interference plus Noise Ratio Calculations 329 6.3.6 Multi-user Detection 331 6.4 Simulation Results 332 6.4.1 Simulation Parameters 332 6.4.2 The Effect of Pilot Power on Soft Handover Results 336 6.4.3 Ec/Io Power Based Soft Handover Results 351 6.4.4 Overview of Results 363 6.4.5 Performance of Adaptive Antenna Arrays in a High Data Rate Pedestrian Environment 365 6.4.6 Performance of Adaptive Antenna Arrays and Adaptive Modulation in a High Data Rate Pedestrian Environment 373 6.5 Summary and Conclusions 380 7 HSDPA-style FDD/CDMA Performance Using Loosely Synchronized Spreading Codes 383 7.1 Effects of Loosely Synchronized Spreading Codes on the Performance of CDMA Systems 383 7.1.1 Introduction 383 7.1.2 Loosely Synchronized Codes 384 7.1.3 System Parameters 386 7.1.4 Simulation Results 388 7.1.5 Summary 391 7.2 Effects of Cell Size on the UTRA Performance 392 7.2.1 Introduction 392 7.2.2 System Model and System Parameters 393 7.2.3 Simulation Results and Comparisons 395 7.2.4 Summary and Conclusion 400 7.3 Effects of SINR Threshold on the Performance of CDMA Systems 401 7.3.1 Introduction 401 7.3.2 Simulation Results 402 7.3.3 Summary and Conclusion 406 7.4 Network-layer Performance of Multi-carrier CDMA 407 7.4.1 Introduction 407 7.4.2 Simulation Results 413 7.4.3 Summary and Conclusions 419 8 HSDPA-style TDD/CDMA Network Performance 421 8.1 Introduction 421 8.2 UMTS FDD versus TDD Terrestrial Radio Access 422 8.2.1 FDD versus TDD Spectrum Allocation of UTRA 422 8.2.2 Physical Channels 423 8.3 UTRATDD/CDMA System 424 8.3.1 The TDD Physical Layer 425 8.3.2 Common Physical Channels of the TDD Mode 425 8.3.3 Power Control 426 8.3.4 Time Advance 428 8.4 Interference Scenario in TDD CDMA 428 8.4.1 Mobile-to-Mobile Interference 429 8.4.2 Base Station-to-Base Station Interference 429 8.5 Simulation Results 430 8.5.1 Simulation Parameters 431 8.5.2 Performance of Adaptive Antenna Array Aided TDD CDMA Systems 433 8.5.3 Performance of Adaptive Antenna Array and Adaptive Modulation Aided TDD HSDPA-style Systems 438 8.6 Loosely Synchronized Spreading Code Aided Network Performance Of UTRA-like TDD/CDMA Systems 442 8.6.1 Introduction 442 8.6.2 LS Codes in UTRA TDD/CDMA 444 8.6.3 System Parameters 445 8.6.4 Simulation Results 446 8.6.5 Summary and Conclusions 449 9 The Effects of Power Control and Hard Handovers on the UTRA TDD/CDMA System 451 9.1 A Historical Perspective on Handovers 451 9.2 Hard HO in UTRA-like TDD/CDMA Systems 452 9.2.1 Relative Pilot Power-based Hard HO 453 9.2.2 Simulation Results 454 9.3 Power Control in UTRA-like TDD/CDMA Systems 464 9.3.1 UTRATDD Downlink Closed-loop Power Control 464 9.3.2 UTRA TDD Uplink Closed-loop Power Control 466 9.3.3 Closed-loop Power Control Simulation Results 466 9.3.4 UTRA TDDUL Open-loop Power Control 475 9.3.5 Frame-delay-based Power Adjustment Model 476 9.4 Summary and Conclusion 486 10 Genetically Enhanced UTRA/TDD Network Performance 489 10.1 Introduction 489 10.2 The Genetically Enhanced UTRA-like TDD/CDMA System 490 10.3 Simulation Results 494 10.4 Summary and Conclusion 499 11 Conclusions and Further Research 501 11.1 Summary of FDD Networking 501 11.2 Summary of FDD versus TDD Networking 506 11.3 Further Research 511 11.3.1 Advanced Objective Functions 513 11.3.2 Other Types of GAs 513 Glossary 515 Bibliography 521 Subject Index 547 Author Index 553

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Book SynopsisThe 2nd Edition of Analog Integrated Circuit Design focuses on more coverage about several types of circuits that have increased in importance in the past decade. Furthermore, the text is enhanced with material on CMOS IC device modeling, updated processing layout and expanded coverage to reflect technical innovations.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICES AND MODELLING 1 1.1 Semiconductors and pn Junctions 1 1.2 MOS Transistors 14 1.3 Device Model Summary 38 1.4 Advanced MOS Modelling 42 1.5 SPICE Modelling Parameters 50 1.6 Passive Devices 54 1.7 Appendix 60 1.8 Key Points 68 1.9 References 69 1.10 Problems 69 Summary 70 Modelling Parameters 71 1.10.4 Section 1.6: Passive Devices 71 CHAPTER 2 PROCESSING AND LAYOUT 73 2.1 CMOS Processing 73 2.2 CMOS Layout and Design Rules 86 2.3 Variability 97 2.4 Analog Layout Considerations 104 2.5 Key Points 114 2.6 References 115 2.7 Problems 116 CHAPTER 3 BASIC CURRENT MIRRORS AND SINGLE-STAGE AMPLIFIERS 119 3.1 Simple CMOS Current Mirror 120 3.2 Common-Source Amplifier 122 3.3 Source-Follower or Common-Drain Amplifier 124 3.4 Common-Gate Amplifier 126 3.5 Source-Degenerated Current Mirrors 129 3.6 Cascode Current Mirrors 131 3.7 Cascode Gain Stage 137 3.8 MOS Differential Pair and Gain Stage 137 3.9 Key Points 140 3.10 References 141 3.11 Problems 141 CHAPTER 4 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS 146 4.1 Frequency Response of Linear Systems 146 4.2 Frequency Response of Elementary Transistor Circuits 167 4.3 Cascode Gain Stage 183 4.4 Source-Follower Amplifier 190 4.5 Differential Pair 196 4.6 Key Points 200 4.7 References 201 4.8 Problems 201 CHAPTER 5 FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS 207 5.1 Ideal Model of Negative Feedback 207 5.2 Dynamic Response of Feedback Amplifiers 211 5.3 First- and Second-Order Feedback Systems 216 5.4 Common Feedback Amplifiers 224 5.5 Summary of Key Points 239 5.6 References 240 5.7 Problems 240 CHAPTER 6 BASIC OPAMP DESIGN AND COMPENSATION 246 6.1 Two-Stage CMOS Opamp 246 6.2 Opamp Compensation 258 6.3 Advanced Current Mirrors 265 6.4 Folded-Cascode Opamp 272 6.5 Current Mirror Opamp 279 6.6 Linear Settling Time Revisited 283 6.7 Fully Differential Opamps 285 6.8 Common-Mode Feedback Circuits 291 6.9 Summary of Key Points 295 6.10 References 296 6.11 Problems 297 CHAPTER 7 BIASING, REFERENCES, AND REGULATORS 305 7.1 Analog Integrated Circuit Biasing 305 7.2 Establishing Constant Transconductance 310 7.3 Establishing Constant Voltages and Currents 313 7.4 Voltage Regulation 324 7.5 Summary of Key Points 330 7.6 References 330 7.7 Problems 331 CHAPTER 8 BIPOLAR DEVICES AND CIRCUITS 334 8.1 Bipolar-Junction Transistors 334 8.4 Bipolar and BICMOS Processing 349 8.4.1 Bipolar Processing 349 8.5 Bipolar Current Mirrors and Gain Stages 352 8.6 Appendix 359 8.7 Summary of Key Points 362 8.8 References 363 8.9 Problems 363 CHAPTER 9 NOISE AND LINEARITY ANALYSIS AND MODELLING 367 9.1 Time-Domain Analysis 367 9.2 Frequency-Domain Analysis 371 9.3 Noise Models for Circuit Elements 381 9.3.8 Input-Referred Noise 388 9.4 Noise Analysis Examples 391 9.5 Dynamic Range Performance 401 9.6 Key Points 408 9.7 References 409 9.8 Problems 410 CHAPTER 10 COMPARATORS 417 10.1 Comparator Specifications 417 10.2 Using an Opamp for a Comparator 419 10.3 Charge-Injection Errors 422 10.4 Latched Comparators 430 10.5 Examples of CMOS and BiCMOS Comparators 435 10.6 Examples of Bipolar Comparators 441 10.7 Key Points 443 10.8 References 444 10.9 Problems 444 CHAPTER 11 SAMPLE-AND-HOLD AND TRANSLINEAR CIRCUITS 448 11.1 Performance of Sample-and-Hold Circuits 448 11.2 MOS Sample-and-Hold Basics 450 11.3 Examples of CMOS S/H Circuits 456 11.4 Bipolar and BiCMOS Sample and Holds 460 11.5 Translinear Gain Cell 464 11.6 Translinear Multiplier 466 11.7 Key Points 468 11.8 References 469 11.9 Problems 470 CHAPTER 12 CONTINUOUS-TIME FILTERS 473 12.1 Introduction to Continuous-Time Filters 473 12.2 Introduction to Gm-C Filters 475 12.3 Transconductors using Fixed Resistors 483 12.5 CMOS Transconductors Using Active Transistors 497 12.6 Bipolar Transconductors 504 12.7 BiCMOS Transconductors 511 12.8 Active RC and MOSFET-C Filters 514 12.9 Tuning Circuitry 522 12.10 Introduction to Complex Filters 530 12.11 Key Points 536 12.12 References 538 12.13 Problems 540 CHAPTER 13 DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS 543 13.1 Overview of Some Signal Spectra 543 13.2 Laplace Transforms of Discrete-Time Signals 543 13.2.1 Spectra of Discrete-Time Signals 546 13.3 z-Transform 547 13.4 Downsampling and Upsampling 549 13.5 Discrete-Time Filters 551 13.6 Sample-and-Hold Response 558 13.7 Key Points 560 13.8 References 561 13.9 Problems 561 CHAPTER 14 SWITCHED-CAPACITOR CIRCUITS 563 14.1 Basic Building Blocks 563 14.2 Basic Operation and Analysis 566 14.3 Noise in Switched-Capacitor Circuits 576 14.4 First-Order Filters 578 14.5 Biquad Filters 583 14.6 Charge Injection 591 14.7 Switched-Capacitor Gain Circuits 594 14.8 Correlated Double-Sampling Techniques 599 14.9 Other Switched-Capacitor Circuits 600 14.10 Key Points 606 14.11 References 607 14.12 Problems 608 CHAPTER 15 DATA CONVERTER FUNDAMENTALS 612 15.1 Ideal D/A Converter 612 15.2 Ideal A/D Converter 614 15.3 Quantization Noise 615 15.3.1 Deterministic Approach 615 15.3.2 Stochastic Approach 616 15.4 Signed Codes 618 15.5 Performance Limitations 620 15.5.1 Resolution 620 15.5.2 Offset and Gain Error 621 15.5.3 Accuracy and Linearity 621 15.6 Key Points 626 15.7 References 626 15.8 Problems 626 CHAPTER 16 NYQUIST-RATE D/A CONVERTERS 603 16.1 Decoder-Based Converters 629 16.2 Binary-Scaled Converters 634 16.3 Thermometer-Code Converters 640 16.4 Hybrid Converters 646 16.5 Key Points 648 16.6 References 649 16.7 Problems 649 CHAPTER 17 NYQUIST-RATE A/D CONVERTERS 652 17.1 Integrating Converters 656 17.2 Successive-Approximation Converters 656 17.3 Algorithmic (or Cyclic) A/D Converter 668 17.4 Pipelined A/D Converters 671 17.5 Flash Converters 679 17.5.1 Issues in Designing Flash A/D Converters 681 17.6 Two-Step A/D Converters 683 17.7 Interpolating A/D Converters 686 17.8 Folding A/D Converters 689 17.9 Time-Interleaved A/D Converters 693 17.10 Key Points 696 17.11 References 697 17.12 Problems 698 CHAPTER 18 OVERSAMPLING CONVERTERS 702 18.1 Oversampling without Noise Shaping 702 18.2 Oversampling with Noise Shaping 708 18.3 System Architectures 717 18.4 Digital Decimation Filters 720 18.5 Higher-Order Modulators 724 18.6 Bandpass Oversampling Converters 727 18.7 Practical Considerations 728 18.8 Multi-Bit Oversampling Converters 733 18.9 Third-Order A/D Design Example 736 18.10 Key Points 739 18.11 References 740 18.12 Problems 741 CHAPTER 19 PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS 744 19.1 Basic Phase-Locked Loop Architecture 744 19.2 Linearized Small-Signal Analysis 754 19.3 Jitter and Phase Noise 762 19.4 Electronic Oscillators 771 19.5 Jitter and Phase Noise in PLLS 783 19.6 Key Points 787 19.7 References 788 19.8 Problems 788

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Book SynopsisLearn how to provide seamless, high quality multimedia for the wireless Internet This book introduces the promising protocols for multimedia services and presents the analytical frameworks for measuring their performance in wireless networks. Furthermore, the book shows how to fine-tune the parameters for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in order to illustrate the effect that QoS has upon the stability, integrity and growth of next generation wireless Internet. In addition, the authors provide the tools required to implement this understanding. These tools are particularly useful for design and engineering network architecture and protocols for future wireless Internet. Additionally, the book provides a good overview of wireless networks, while also appealing to network researchers and engineers. Key Features: Provides a comprehensive and analytical understanding of the performance of multimedia services in wireless Internet, and the tools to Table of ContentsAbout the Series Editors. About the Authors. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Convergence of Wireless Systems and the Internet. 1.2 Main Challenges in Supporting Multimedia Services. 1.3 Organization of the Text. 2 Packet-level Wireless Channel Model. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Finite-state Markov Model for Fast Fading Channels. 2.3 Channel Model for Frequency-selective Fading Wireless Channels. 2.4 Channel Model for Indoor UWB Wireless Channels with Shadowing. 2.5 Summary. 2.6 Problems. 3 Multimedia Traffic Model. 3.1 Modeling VoIP Traffic. 3.2 Modeling Video Traffic. 3.3 Performance Study of Video over Wired and Wireless Links. 3.4 Scalable Source Coding. 3.5 Summary. 3.6 Problems. 4 AIMD Congestion Control. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 AIMD Protocol Overview. 4.3 TCP-friendly AIMD Parameters. 4.4 Properties of AIMD. 4.5 Case Study: Multimedia Playback Applications with Service Differentiation. 4.6 Performance Evaluation. 4.7 Summary. 4.8 Problems. 5 Stability Property and Performance Bounds of the Internet. 5.1 A Fluid-flow Model of the AIMD/RED System. 5.2 Stability and Fairness Analysis with Delay-free Marking. 5.3 Boundedness of the Homogeneous-flow AIMD/RED System with Time Delay. 5.4 Summary. 5.5 Problems. 6 AIMD in Wireless Internet. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Related Work. 6.3 System Model. 6.4 Analytical Model for Window-controlled Flows. 6.5 Parameter Selection for AIMD. 6.6 Performance Evaluation. 6.7 Summary. 6.8 Problems. 7 TCP-friendly Rate Control in Wireless Internet. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 System Model. 7.3 Analytical Model for Rate-controlled Flows. 7.4 Performance Evaluation. 7.5 Summary. 7.6 Problems. 8 Multimedia Services in Wireless Random Access Networks. 8.1 Brief History of Random Access Technologies. 8.2 IEEE 802.11 Protocol. 8.3 WLAN with Saturated Stations. 8.4 WLAN with Unbalanced Traffic. 8.5 TFRC in the Mobile Hotspot. 8.6 Summary. 8.7 Problems. Appendices. Appendix A TCP and AQM Overview. A.1 TCP Protocol. A.1.1 TCP connection management. A.1.2 TCP error control. A.1.3 TCP flow control and congestion control. A.2 Active Queue Management. Appendix B Datagram Congestion Control Protocol Overview. B.1 DCCP-2: TCP-like Congestion Control. B.2 DCCP-3: TFRC Congestion Control. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisFind out how IAX can complement SIP to overcome complications encountered in current SIP-based communications Written by an expert in the field of telecommunications, this book describes the Inter-Asterisk Exchange protocol (IAX) and its operations, discussing the main characteristics of the protocol including NAT traversal, security, IPv6 support, interworking between IPv4 and IPv6, interworking with SIP and many others. The author presents the ways in which IAX can be activated so as to avoid complications such as NAT and the presence of intermediary boxes in operational architectures. This book analytically demonstrates the added values of IAX protocol compared to existing ones, while proposing viable deployment scenarios that assess the behavior of the protocol in operational networks. Key Features: Promotes a viable alternative protocol to ease deployment of multimedia services Analyses the capabilities of the IAX pTable of ContentsForeword. Terminology and Definitions. Acronyms and Abbreviations. Acknowledgement. 1 Introduction. 1.1 General Introduction. 1.2 On Voice over IP and Telephony over IP. 1.3 Context. 1.4 Enhancement Strategies to Solve SIP Issues. 1.5 IAX: Towards Lightweight Telephony Architectures. 1.6 IAX and Standardisation. 1.7 Rationale. 1.8 What This Book is Not. 1.9 Structure of the Book. 2 The IAX Protocol at a Glance. 2.1 What Does IAX Stand For? 2.2 Is IAX Specific to the Asterisk Platform? 2.3 What is the Difference between IAX2 and IAX? 2.4 Why another New VoIP Protocol? 2.5 How Does IAX Solve VoIP Pains? 2.6 How is Calls Multiplexing Achieved? 2.7 And What About Demultiplexing? 2.8 What Port Number Does IAX Use? 2.9 What Transport Protocol Does IAX Use? 2.10 Is IAX a Reliable Protocol? 2.11 How Does IAX Ensure Reliability? 2.12 Is there an IAX Registration Procedure? 2.13 Does IAX Registration Differ from SIP Registration? 2.14 How Are Media Streams Transported in IAX? 2.15 Is CODEC Negotiation Supported by IAX? 2.16 Is On-Fly CODEC Change Possible During a Call? 2.17 IAX: a Path-Coupled or Decoupled Protocol? 2.18 Can IAX be Aware of the Status of the Network Load? 2.19 What About Security? 2.20 Could IAX Devices Be Managed? 2.21 Is Firmware Version Updating Supported by IAX? 2.22 Can IAX Be Extended to Offer New Features? 2.23 How is an IAX Resource Identified? 2.24 What Does an IAX URI Look Like? 2.25 Is it Possible to Set a Call Involving Several IAX Servers? 2.26 Is it Possible to Discover the Location of an IAX Resource? 2.27 What Is DUNDi? 2.28 What Is TRIP? 2.29 What Is ENUM? References. Further Reading. Part One: IAX Protocol Specifications. 3 IAX Uniform Resource Identifier. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Format of IAX Uniform Resource Identifiers. 3.3 Examples of IAX Uniform Resource Identifiers. 3.4 Comparing IAX Uniform Resource Identifiers. 3.5 IAX Uniform Resource Identifiers and ENUM. References. Further Reading. 4 IAX Frames. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Full Frames. 4.3 Mini Frames. 4.4 Meta Frames. 4.5 Encrypted Frames. 4.6 Conclusion. References. Further Reading. 5 IAX Information Elements. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 List of IAX Information Elements. 5.3 Example of IAX Information Element Traces. References. Further Reading. 6 IAX Messages. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Taxonomy of IAX Messages. 6.3 IAX Requests/Responses. 6.4 IAX Functional Categories. 6.5 IAX Media Frames. 6.6 IAX Reliable/Unreliable Messages. References. Further Reading. 7 IAX Connectivity Considerations. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 IAX Transport Protocol. 7.3 IAX Port Number. 7.4 IAX Call Multiplexing and Demultiplexing. 7.5 IAX Reliability Mechanism. 7.6 Authentication and Encryption. 7.7 Conclusion. References. Further Reading. 8 IAX Operations. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Provisioning and Firmware Download. 8.3 Registration. 8.4 Call Setup. 8.5 Call Tear-Down. 8.6 Call Monitoring. 8.7 Call Optimisation. 8.8 Conclusion. References. Further Reading. Part Two: Discussion and Analysis. 9 IAX and Advanced Services. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 CODEC Negotiation. 9.3 Video Sessions. 9.4 Negotiation of Several Media Types in the Same IAX Session. 9.5 Presence Services. 9.6 Instant Messaging. 9.7 Topology Hiding. 9.8 Mobility. 9.9 Miscellaneous. 9.10 Conclusion. References. Further Reading. 10 Multi-IAX Servers Environment. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Focus. 10.3 Discovery of IAX Resources. 10.4 Setting End-to-End Calls. 10.5 Load Balancing. 10.6 Path-Coupled and Path-Decoupled Discussion. 10.7 Forking. 10.8 Route Symmetry. 10.9 Conclusion. References. 11 IAX and NAT Traversal. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Structure. 11.3 NAT Types. 11.4 IAX and NAT Traversal Discussion. 11.5 Operational Considerations. 11.6 Conclusion. References. Further Reading. 12 IAX and Peer-to-Peer Deployment Scenarios. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Scope. 12.3 A P2P Solution for Corporate Customers. 12.4 Conclusion. References. Further Reading. 13 IAX and IPv6. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Context and Assumptions. 13.3 Service Migration to IPv6. 13.4 Structure. 13.5 The IP Address Exhaustion Problem. 13.6 IPv6: a Long-Term Solution. 13.7 Why IPv6 May Be Problematic for Telephony Signalling Protocols: the SIP Example. 13.8 IAX: an IP Version-Agnostic Protocol? 13.9 Deployment of IAX Services in a ‘Pure’ IPv6 Environment. 13.10 Heterogeneous Environment. 13.11 Conclusion. References. Further Reading. 14 IAX: Towards a Lightweight SBC?. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 IP Telephony Administrative Domain. 14.3 Deployment Scenarios. 14.4 Deployment Contexts. 14.5 Service Limitations Caused by SBCs. 14.6 Functional Decomposition. 14.7 Taxonomy of SBC Functions in an SIP Environment. 14.8 Validity of these Functions in an IAX Architecture. 14.9 Conclusion. References. Further Reading. Part Three: Deployment Scenarios in SIP-Based Environments. 15 Scenarios for the Deployment of IAX-Based Conversational Services. 15.1 SIP Complications. 15.2 Structure. 15.3 Beyond the ‘SIP-Centric’ Era. 15.4 Methodology. 15.5 Overall Context. 15.6 Architectural Requirements. 15.7 Brief Comparison. 15.8 Taxonomy. 15.9 Introducing IAX into Operational Networks. 15.10 Conclusion. References. 16 IAX in the Access Segment of SIP-Based Service Architectures. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 A ‘High-Level’ Description of the Interworking Function. 16.3 Examples of Call Flows. 16.4 Bandwidth Optimisation: An Extension to SIP. 16.5 Conclusion. References. 17 Validation Scenario. 17.1 Overview. 17.2 Configuring Asterisk Servers. 17.3 Configuring the SIP Express Router (SER). 17.4 User Agent Configuration. 17.5 Conclusion. Further Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents the motivations for, intuitions behind, and basic mathematical models of natural spoken language communication. This book offers an overview of various aspects of the problem from the physics of speech production through the hierarchy of linguistic structure and ending with some observations on language and mind.Trade Review"...a succinct presentation of the most important mathematical technology of speech technology and the author's ideas for overcoming the limitations of these techniques…" (Mathematical Reviews, 2005j)Table of ContentsAuthor's preface. 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 The physics of speech production 2.2 The source-filter model 2.3 Information-bearing features of the speech signal 2.4 Time-frequency representations 2.5 Classifications of acoustic patterns in speech 2.6 Temporal invariance and stationarity 2.7 Taxonomy of linguistic structure 3 Mathematical models of linguistic structure 3.1 Probabilistic functions of a discrete Markov process 3.2 Formal grammars and abstract automata 4 Syntactic analysis 4.1 Deterministic parsing algorithms 4.2 Probabilistic parsing algorithms 4.3 Parsing natural language 5 Grammatical inference 5.1 Exact inference and Gold's theorem 5.2 Baum's algorithm for regular grammars 5.3 Event counting in parse trees 5.4 Baker's algorithm for context-free grammars 6 Information-theoretic analysis of speech communication 6.1 The Miller et al. experiments 6.2 Entropy of an information source 6.3 Recognition error rates and entropy 7 Automatic speech recognition and constructive theories of language 7.1 Integrated architectures 7.2 Modular architectures 7.3 Parameter estimation from fluent speech 7.4 System performance 7.5 Other speech technologies 8 Automatic speech understanding and semantics 8.1 Transcription and comprehension 8.2 Limited domain semantics 8.3 The semantics of natural language 8.4 System architectures 8.5 Human and machine performance 9 Theories of mind and language 9.1 The challenge of automatic natural language understanding 9.2 Metaphors for mind 9.3 The artificial intelligence program 10 A speculation on the prospects for a science of the mind 10.1 The parable of the thermos bottle: measurements and symbols 10.2 The four questions of science 10.3 A constructive theory of the mind 10.4 The problem of consciousness 10.5 The role of sensorimotor function, associative memory and reinforcement learning in automatic acquisition of spoken language by an autonomous robot 10.6 Final thoughts: predicting the course of discovery

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Book SynopsisFocusing on IP over WDM optical networks, this book summarizes the fundamental mechanisms and the development and deployment of WDM optical networks. It provides information on both the network and the software architectures needed to implement WDM enabled optical networks designed to transport IP traffic.Trade Review"Network engineering and planners...will be interested in this book.... Developers and architects...will also find the book useful." (Journal of Optical Networking, Vol. 2, No. 4, April 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. Review. Characteristics of the Internet and IP Routing. WDM Optical Networks. IP over WDM. IP/WDM Network Control. IP/WDM Traffic Engineering. Other IP/WDM Specific Issues. Concluding Remarks. Bibliography. Web Site List. Acronym List. Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents an integrated approach to digital processor design principles, processes, and implementations. This book provides coverage of standard DSP architectures that enables the reader to make a good selection when undertaking their designs. It includes an overview of hardware/software codesign along with design techniques and considerations.Trade Review"... the comprehensive coverage and accessible presentation ... make this book an attractive resource for engineers working in the field." (Computing Reviews.com, September 20, 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Digital Computer Basics. 2. Hardware Elements. 3. Hardware Design Using VHDL. 4. Operations on Numbers. 5. Sequential Control Circuits. 6. Sequential Processors. 7. System-Level Design. 8. Digital Signal Processors. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisDesign techniques for nonlinear microwave circuits are much less developed than for linear microwave circuits. This work addresses the design and measurement aspects.Trade Review"…any reader of 'Nonlinear Microwave Circuit Design' will gain insight into the many issues that are blissfully disregarded when using only linear techniques." (IEEE Microwave Magazine, December 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1. Nonlinear Analysis Methods. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Time-Domain Solution. 1.3 Solution Through Series Expansion 1.4 The Conversion Matrix. 1.5 Bibliography. Chapter 2. Nonlinear Measurements. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Load/Source-Pull. 2.3 The Vector Nonlinear Network Analyser. 2.4 Pulsed Measurements. 2.5 Bibliography. Chapter 3. Nonlinear Models. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Physical Models. 3.3 Equivalent-Circuit Models. 3.4 Black-Box Models. 3.5 Simplified Models. 3.6 Bibliography. Chapter 4. Power Amplifiers. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Classes of Operation. 4.3 Simplified Class-A Fundamental-Frequency Design For High Efficiency. 4.4 Multi-Harmonic Design For High Power And Efficiency. 4.5 Bibliography. Chapter 5. Oscillators. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Linear Stability and Oscillation Conditions. 5.3 From Linear To Nonlinear: Quasi-Large-Signal Oscillation And Stability Conditions. 5.4 Design Methods. 5.5 Nonlinear Analysis Methods For Oscillators. 5.6 Noise. 5.7 Bibliography. Chapter 6. Frequency Multipliers and Dividers. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Passive Multipliers. 6.3 Active Multipliers. 6.4 Frequency Dividers-The Rigenerative (Passive) Approach. 6.5 Bibliography. Chapter 7. Mixers. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Mixer Configurations. 7.3 Mixer Design. 7.4 Nonlinear Analysis. 7.5 Noise. 7.6 Bibliography. Chapter 8. Stability and Injection-locked Circuits. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Local Stability Of Nonlinear Circuits In Large-Signal Regime. 8.3 Nonlinear Analysis, Stability And Bifurcations. 8.4 Injection Locking. 8.5 Bibliography. Appendix. A.1. Transformation in the Fourier Domain of the Linear Differential Equation. A.2. Time-Frequency Transformations. A.3 Generalized Fourier Transformation for the Volterra Series Expansion. A.4 Discrete Fourier Transform and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform for Periodic Signals. A.5 The Harmonic Balance System of Equations for the Example Circuit with N=3. A.6 The Jacobian Matrix A.7 Multi-dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform for quasi-periodic signals. A.8 Oversampled Discrete Fourier Transform and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform for Quasi-Periodic Signals. A.9 Derivation of Simplified Transport Equations. A.10 Determination of the Stability of a Linear Network. A.11 Determination of the Locking Range of an Injection-Locked Oscillator. Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents the design of a Global Mobile Broadband System (GMBS) based on results of the IST Project SUITED. This book could be viewed as a case study, in which many of the concepts in mobility solution, network design techniques and Internet technologies are presented.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 2. Multi-Segment Access Network. 3. GMBS Multi-Mode Terminal. 4. Service Requirements. 5. End-to-End Qquality of Service Support. 6. Mobility Support. 7. Network Protocol Design. 8. Performance Validation. Appendix A: Related Publications. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the first overview of the service technologies available to telecoms operators working in a post-convergence world. Previous books have focused either on computer networks or on telecoms networks. This is the first to bring the two together and provide a single reference source for information that is currently only to be found in disparate journals, tool specifications and standards documents. In order to provide such broad coverage of the topic in a structured and logical fashion, the book is divided into 3 parts. The first part looks at the underlying network support for services and aims to explain the technology that makes the user-visible services possible. This section covers multimedia networking, both traditional (legacy) and future (softswitch) call processing, intelligent networks, the Internet, and Wireless networks. Part 2 deals with how these services may be analysed and managed. Chapters cover topics such as commercial issues, sTable of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. PART I: NETWORK SUPPORT FOR SERVICE. 1. Introduction and Context (Kenneth J. Turner, Evan H. Magill and David J. Marples). 1.1 Communications Services. 1.2 Network Support for Services. 1.3 Building and Analyzing Services. 1.4 The Future of Services. 2. Multimedia Technology in a Telecommunications Setting (Alistair McBain). 2.1 Definition of Multimedia. 2.2 Market Drivers for Multimedia. 2.3 Standards for Multimedia Services. 2.4 Multimedia Services and their Constituent Media Components. 2.5 Interworking between Multimedia and Traditional Voice. 2.6 Terminal Equipment and User Interfaces. 2.7 The Future. 3. Call Processing (Graham M. Clark and Wayne Cutler). 3.1 The Beginnings of Call Processing. 3.2 Key Attributes of Call Processing Systems. 3.3 Switch Architectures and Call Models. 3.4 Switch-Based Services. 3 . 5 Call Processing for Intelligent Networks. 3.6 Softswitches. 3.7 Future. 4. Advanced Intelligent Networks (Robert Pinheiro and Simon Tsang). 4.1 History of the Intelligent Network (IN/AIN). 4.2 Intelligent Network Architecture. 4.3 Components of IN Service Delivery. 4.4 Intelligent Network Services. 4.5 Assessment of Intelligent Networks. 4.6 Future of Intelligent Networks. 5. Basic Internet Technology in Support of Communication Services (Marcus Brunner). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Transport Service Quality in the Internet. 5.3 Internet Telephony. 5.4 Directory-Enabled Networks (DEN). 5.5 Open Services Gateway Initiative. 5.6 Active Networks. 5.7 Conclusion. 6. Wireless Technology (James M. Irvine). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Cellular Systems. 6.3 Private Mobile Radio. 6.4 Broadcast. 6.5 Local wireless. 6.6 The Future of Wireless. PART II: BUILDING AND ANALYZING SERVICES. 7. Service Management and Quality of Service (Pierre C. Johnson). 7.1 Overview. 7.2 What is Service Management? 7.3 Service Level Agreements. 7.4 Quality of Service. 7.5 Further Reading. 8. Securing Communication Systems (Erich S. Morisse). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Cryptosystems. 8.3 Authentication. 8.4 Access Control. 8.5 Security in Practice – Digital Cash. 8.6 Future. 8.7 Further Reading. 9. Service Creation (Munir Cochinwala, Chris Lott, Hyong Sop Shim and John R. Wullert II). 9.1 Overview. 9.2 Introduction. 9.3 Services in the Public Switched Telephone Network. 9.4 Internet-Based Data and Communication Services. 9.5 Integrated Services. 9.6 Service Introduction. 9.7 Conclusion. 9.10 Further Reading. 10. Service Architectures (Gordan S. Blair and Geoff Coulson). 10.1 Introduction and Motivation. 10.2 Early Developments. 10.3 Current Architectures. 10.4 Applying the Technologies. 10.5 Meeting Future Challenges. 10.6 Conclusion. 11. Service Capability APIs (John-Luc Bakker and Farooq Anjum). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Telecommunications Information Network Architecture. 11.3 Java APIs for The Integrated Network. 11.4 The Parlay APIs. 11.5 X Web Services. 11.6 Conclusion. 11.7 Further Reading. 12. Formal Methods for Services (Kenneth J. Turner). 12.1 What is a Formal Method? 12.2 Classification of Formal Methods. 12.3 Formal Methods for Communications Services. 12.4 Formal Methods for Telecommunications Services. 12.5 Evaluation of Formal Methods for Services. 13. Feature Interaction: Old Hat or Deadly New Manace (Evan H. Magill)? 13.1 Overview. 13.2 Introduction. 13.3 Feature Interaction in POTS. 13.4 Response of the Communications Community. 13.5 Regulatory Changes. 13.6 Technological Changes. 13.7 Future Services, Old Interactions. 13.8 Future Services, Future Interactions. 13.9 Future Services, More Complex Interactions. 13.10 New Challenges, New Opportunities. 13.11 Summary. PART III: THE FUTURE OF SERVICES. 14. Advances in Services (James T. Smith). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Service Convergence. 14.3 Context: Putting Communications in Perspective. 14.4 Context: The next Killer Service Feature. 14.5 Sharing Service Context. 14.6 SIP: The Oil that makes Context Flow. 14.7 Discovering Service Context. 14.8 The New Converged Home Network. 14.9 Conclusion. 15. Evolving Service Technology (Peter Martin and Stephen Corley). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Software Agents. 15.3 Constraints Satisfaction. 15.4 Artificial Neural Networks. 15.5 Genetic Programming for Service Creation. 15.6 Conclusions. 15.7 Further Reading. 16. Prospects (David J. Marples, Kenneth J. Turner and Evan H. Magill). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Technical Challenges. 16.3 Service Environments. 16.4 Market Changes. 16.5 Commercial Changes. 16.6 And Finally… Appendix 1. Abbreviations. Appendix 2. Glossary. Appendix 3. Websites. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisCovers the architectural, topological and protocol issues regarding optical Local Area Networks (LANs). This book presents the class of adaptive protocols for optical LANs, and the Media-Access Control protocols. It is useful for undergraduate and graduate computer science, computer, electrical and telecommunications engineering students.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. Advantages of Optical Fibre as a Transmission Medium. Basic Multiplexing Techniques. Evolution of Optical Networking?Major Technological Milestones. First Generation Optical Networks. Second Generation Optical Networks?Main Classes. A Closer Look at WDM Broadcast-and-Select Local Area Networks. 2. Enabling Technologies. Introduction. Classes of Optical Networks. Optical Network Components. Summary. 3. Medium Access Control Protocols. Fixed-Assignment Protocols. Random Access Protocols. Pretransmission Coordination-Based Protocols. 4. Adaptive Protocols. Adaptive TDMA Protocols. Adaptive Random Access Protocols. Adaptive Pretransmission Coordination Protocols. Centralized Packet Filtering Protocols. Index.

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Book SynopsisWireless Local Area Networks (LANs) represent the revolution occuring in wireless communications. These networks, allow small communities of office workers, industrial workers, hospital employees, technical teams, and others, to communicate via their mobile devices without having to worry about cables. This book covers this area.Table of ContentsPreface xi Structure of the book xii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definition and restriction 1 1.2 Overview of advantages and disadvantages 1 1.3 Applications overview 3 1.4 Market events 6 1.5 Organizations and governing bodies 12 2 Basics 17 2.1 History of wireless vs. wired 17 2.2 Technical communication models and classification 20 2.3 Demands on transfer networks 26 2.4 Properties of electromagnetic waves 28 2.5 Digital modulation technology 33 2.6 Channel access 38 2.7 Spread spectrum techniques 39 2.8 Orthogonal frequency division multiplex procedure 43 2.9 Antennae 2.10 Special features of wireless networks 47 2.11 Frequency allocations 48 3 Applications, devices and standards 51 3.1 Application scenarios 51 3.2 Device types 53 3.3 Standards 54 4 IEEE802.11 57 4.1 The standard 57 4.2 Architectures 59 4.3 Channel access 61 4.4 The Physical layer and bit transfer 81 4.5 Other services 86 4.6 Security 86 4.7 Extensions to the standard 88 5 Bluetooth 95 5.1 The standard 95 5.2 Architectures 99 5.3 Channel access 99 5.4 Controlling states 104 5.5 Bit transfer 108 5.6 Security 110 5.7 System implementation 110 6 DECT 113 6.1 The standard 113 6.2 Architectures 113 6.3 Channel access 114 6.4 Bit transfer 115 6.5 Application profiles 115 7 HomeRF 117 7.1 The standard 117 7.2 Architectures 117 7.3 Channel access 119 7.4 Bit transfer 121 8 HiperLAN/2 123 8.1 The standard 123 8.2 Architectures 125 8.3 Channel access 127 8.4 Bit transfer 130 8.5 Other services 132 8.6 The HiperLAN/2 standard versus IEEE802.1 a 132 9 Operating an IEEE802.11b-complaint WLAN 133 9.1 Introduction 133 9.2 Mobile stations 133 9.3 Access points 136 9.4 Extended networks 141 9.5 Network analysis 143 9.6 Examples from real life 148 10 Various aspects of WLAN technology 153 10.1 Security 10.2 Sources of interference 161 10.3 Selecting a spread spectrum technique 163 10.4 Aspects of EMT interference 165 10.5 WLANs and TCP/IP 167 10.6 Deciding factors 167 10.7 Future prospects 169 Appendix 171 A.1 Maxwellian equations 171 A.2 Physical basis of direct sequence spread spectrum process 171 A.3 Directional antennae 174 B Bibliography 179 B.1 English-language publications 179 B.2 German-language publications 182 C Abbreviations 185

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Book SynopsisAll IP in 3G CDMA Networks covers all the key aspects of UMTS and its implementation from both the engineering designer and the operator and service providers'' point of view. It addresses the essential tasks involved in the UMTS network deployment in new regions and within existing 2G/2.5G networks. Key features: Presents solutions for the integration and coexistence of 2G and 3G systems and highlights the seamless interoperability functions between GSM and UMTS. As part of the evolution towards All IP cellular networks, it outlines the IP Multimedia Subsystem - IMS and the packet optimized Radio Access Network, including High Speed Download Packet Access. Provides a complete picture of broadband wireless through UMTS, whilst describing applications enabler platforms and the criteria for 3G services that enhance the user experience. By providing one integrated source in UMTS and its evolution, All IP in 3G CDMA Networks repreTable of ContentsPreface xvii Abbreviations xxi 1. Evolving Mobile Networks 1 1.1 The Growth of Mobile Communications 1 1.2 Roadmap to Broadband Wireless Multimedia 3 1.3 UMTS Performance Enhancing Technologies 8 1.4 UMTS Network Requirements 15 1.5 Conclusions 21 References 21 2. System Analysis Fundamentals 23 2.1 Fundamentals of System Analysis 23 2.2 The 3G Communications Environment 35 2.3 Concluding Remarks 50 References 50 3. UMTS Service Components 53 3.1 The Service Creation Environment 53 3.2 The UMTS Bearer Architecture 63 3.3 QoS Attributes in UMTS Bearer Services 68 3.4 UMTS Quality of Service Classes and Attributes 71 3.5 Mapping QoS Attributes 78 3.6 End-to-End QoS 79 3.7 QoS within Inter-Working Scenarios 88 3.8 Applications and Service Offerings 95 3.9 Conclusions 107 References 107 4. The UTRA Physical Layer Design 109 4.1 Summary of Features 109 4.2 Dedicated and Common Transport Channels 112 4.3 Configuration of FDD Physical Channels 113 4.4 Configuration of TDD Physical Channels 174 4.5 Spreading and Modulation in TDD 183 4.6 Multiplexing and Channel Coding 188 References 211 Appendix A: DPDCH and DPCCH Fields 212 Appendix B: Bit Patterns Compressed Mode and Npilot ¼ 4 214 5. The UMTS Development Platform 215 5.1 Architecture and Deployment Scenarios 215 5.2 The Core Network Domain 218 5.3 The UMTS Network Configuration Beyond R99 224 5.4 The Access Network Domain 236 5.5 UTRAN Identifiers and Functions 237 5.6 Mobility Management 243 5.7 UTRAN Synchronisation and O&M Requirements 244 5.8 UTRAN Interfaces 246 5.9 Inter-working of UTRAN Interfaces 249 5.10 Radio Interface Protocol Architecture 261 References 271 Appendix A: UMTS Functional Domains 273 6. IP-Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 277 6.1 Background 277 6.2 Framework for the IP-Multimedia Subsystem 280 6.3 IP-Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Configuration 281 6.4 Mobility Management 305 6.5 Multimedia Signalling 310 6.6 IMS Procedures and Session Flows 312 6.7 IMS Transport Issues 340 6.8 Deploying IMS Solutions 357 6.9 Conclusions 363 References 364 7. Deploying 3G Networks 367 7.1 Background 367 7.2 Network Dimensioning Principles 367 7.3 Parameters for Multi-service Traffic 369 7.4 Establishing Service Models 372 7.5 Projecting Capacity Needs 373 7.6 Cellular Coverage Planning Issues 373 7.7 Dimensioning RNC Interfaces 389 7.8 Radio Network Dimensioning Field Study 392 7.9 Core Network (CN) Design 400 7.10 Transmission Network Assessment 406 7.11 Co-Locating and Sharing Sites 414 7.12 Co-locating Antenna Systems 417 7.13 Conclusions 420 References 420 8. High Speed Downlink Packet Access 421 8.1 Background 421 8.2 HSDPA and Radio-Access Network Architecture 426 8.3 Structure of the HSDPA Physical Layer 427 8.4 Coding in the HS-DSCH Channel 428 8.5 Associated Signalling for HSDPA 431 8.6 HSDPA Technology Evaluation and EU Features 438 8.7 Terminal Receiver Aspects 453 8.8 Conclusions 459 References 460 9. The UTRA Transmission System 463 9.1 UMTS Spectrum Allocation 463 9.2 Radio Transmission and Reception Aspects 463 9.3 Transmitter Characteristics 465 9.4 Receiver Characteristics 477 9.5 UTRA RF Performance Examples 481 9.6 Conclusions 501 References 501 10. 3G Services Enablers 503 10.1 Introduction 503 10.2 Content Distribution Platforms 505 10.3 Facilitating Real Time IP Services 519 10.4 Enabling Location Communication Services (LCS) 522 10.5 VHE/OSA 536 10.6 Conclusions 540 References 541 11. Resource and Network Management 543 11.1 Introduction 543 11.2 Radio Resource Management and Signalling 543 11.3 Network Management 547 11.4 UMTS Network Optimisation 552 References 556 12. Complementary UMTS Technologies 559 12.1 WLANs and 3G Networks 559 12.2 WLAN Deployment Scenarios 561 12.3 Train WLANs and Other Deployment Scenarios 562 12.4 Description of MO-WLAN Building Blocks 567 12.5 Security and Authentication 568 12.6 Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE) 569 12.7 All IP Radio-Access Network Characteristics 575 12.8 WiMAX – Enhancing Broadband Hotspots 577 12.9 Conclusions 579 References 579 Index 581

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Book SynopsisAlthough it is now possible to integrate many millions of transistors on a single chip, traditional digital circuit technology is now reaching its limits, facing problems of cost and technical efficiency when scaled down to ever-smaller feature sizes.Trade Review"This new book provides unconventional and fresh perspectives on how to understand perception and build simple artificial perceptual systems using VLSI circuits." (The Neurimorphic Engineer, March 2007 Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Artificial Autonomous Systems. 1.2 Neural Computation and Analog Integrated Circuits. 2 Visual Motion Perception. 2.1 Image Brightness. 2.2 Correspondence Problem. 2.3 Optical Flow. 2.4 Matching Models. 2.4.1 Explicit matching. 2.4.2 Implicit matching. 2.5 FlowModels. 2.5.1 Global motion. 2.5.2 Local motion. 2.5.3 Perceptual bias. 2.6 Outline for a Visual Motion Perception System. 2.7 Review of aVLSI Implementations. 3 Optimization Networks. 3.1 AssociativeMemory and Optimization. 3.2 Constraint Satisfaction Problems. 3.3 Winner-takes-all Networks. 3.3.1 Network architecture. 3.3.2 Global convergence and gain. 3.4 Resistive Network. 4 Visual Motion Perception Networks. 4.1 Model for Optical Flow Estimation. 4.1.1 Well-posed optimization problem. 4.1.2 Mechanical equivalent. 4.1.3 Smoothness and sparse data. 4.1.4 Probabilistic formulation. 4.2 Network Architecture. 4.2.1 Non-stationary optimization. 4.2.2 Network conductances. 4.3 Simulation Results for Natural Image Sequences. 4.4 Passive Non-linear Network Conductances. 4.5 Extended Recurrent Network Architectures. 4.5.1 Motion segmentation. 4.5.2 Attention and motion selection. 4.6 Remarks. 5 Analog VLSI Implementation. 5.1 Implementation Substrate. 5.2 Phototransduction. 5.2.1 Logarithmic adaptive photoreceptor. 5.2.2 Robust brightness constancy constraint. 5.3 Extraction of the Spatio-temporal Brightness Gradients. 5.3.1 Temporal derivative circuits. 5.3.2 Spatial sampling. 5.4 Single Optical Flow Unit. 5.4.1 Wide-linear-range multiplier. 5.4.2 Effective bias conductance. 5.4.3 Implementation of the smoothness constraint. 5.5 Layout. 6 Smooth Optical Flow Chip. 6.1 Response Characteristics. 6.1.1 Speed tuning. 6.1.2 Contrast dependence. 6.1.3 Spatial frequency tuning. 6.1.4 Orientation tuning. 6.2 Intersection-of-constraints Solution. 6.3 Flow Field Estimation. 6.4 DeviceMismatch. 6.4.1 Gradient offsets. 6.4.2 Variations across the array. 6.5 Processing Speed. 6.6 Applications. 6.6.1 Sensor modules for robotic applications. 6.6.2 Human–machine interface. 7 Extended Network Implementations. 7.1 Motion Segmentation Chip. 7.1.1 Schematics of the motion segmentation pixel. 7.1.2 Experiments and results. 7.2 Motion Selection Chip. 7.2.1 Pixel schematics. 7.2.2 Non-linear diffusion length. 7.2.3 Experiments and results. 8 Comparison to Human Motion Vision. 8.1 Human vs. Chip Perception. 8.1.1 Contrast-dependent speed perception. 8.1.2 Bias on perceived direction of motion. 8.1.3 Perceptual dynamics. 8.2 Computational Architecture. 8.3 Remarks. Appendix. A Variational Calculus. B Simulation Methods. C Transistors and Basic Circuits. D Process Parameters and Chips Specifications. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisMultimedia Content and Semantic Web - Methods, Standards and Tools is the first book of its kind to bring together the technologies and tools used for the description and processing of multimedia content with the standards and the emerging ideas of the shared knowledge representation, provided by the Semantic Web.Trade Review"…an informative and well-thought-out compendium of research-oriented literature…the editors and respective researchers should be congratulated on a job well done." (Computing Reviews.com, October 17, 2006)Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Foreword (Rudi Studer). Foreword (A. Murat Tekalp). Introduction. PART ONE: KNOWLEDGE AND MULTIMEDIA. 1. Multimedia Content Description in MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 (Fernando Pereira and Rik Van de Walkle). 2. Ontology Representation and Querying for Realizing Semantics-driven Applications (Boris Motik, Alexander Maedche and Raphael Volz). 3. Adding Multimedia to the Semantic Web: Building and Applying an MPEG-7 Ontology (Jane Hunter). 4. A Fuzzy Knowledge-Based System for Multimedia Applications (Vassilis Tzouvaras, Giorgos Stamou and Stefanos Kollias). PART TWO: MULTIMEDIA CONTENT ANALYSIS. 5. Structure Identification in an Audiovisual Document (Philippe Joly). 6. Object-Based Video Indexing (Jenny Benois-Pineau). 7. Automatic Extraction and Analysis of Visual Objects Information (Xavier Gir´o, Ver´onica Vilaplana, Ferran Marqu´es, Philippe Salembier). 8. Mining the Semantics of Visual Concepts and Context (Milind R. Naphade and John R. Smith). 9. Machine Learning in Multimedia (Nemanja Petrovic, Ira Cohen and Thomas S. Huang). PART THREE: MULTIMEDIA CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND THE SEMANTIC WEB. 10. SemanticWeb Applications (Alain L´eger, Pramila Mullan, Shishir Garg and Jean Charlet). 11. Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval Using Natural Language, Speech and Image Processing Methods (Harris Papageorgiou, Prokopis Prokopidis, Athanassios Protopapas and George Carayannis). 12. Knowledge-Based Multimedia Content Indexing and Retrieval (Manolis Wallace, Yannis Avrithis, Giorgos Stamou and Stefanos Kollias). 13. Multimedia Content Indexing and Retrieval Using an Object Ontology (Ioannis Kompatsiaris, Vasileios Mezaris and Michael G. Strintzis). 14. Context-Based Video Retrieval for Life-Log Applications (Kiyoharu Aizawa and Tetsuro Hori). Index.

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Book SynopsisWireless channels are becoming more and more important, with the future development of wireless ad-hoc networks and the integration of mobile and satellite communications. To this end, algorithmic detection aspects (involved in the physical layer) will become fundamental in the design of a communication system. This book proposes a unified approach to detection for stochastic channels, with particular attention to wireless channels. The core idea is to show that the three main criteria of sequence detection, symbol detection and graph-based detection, can all be described within a general framework. This implies that a detection algorithm based on one criterion can be extended to the other criteria in a systematic manner. Presents a detailed analysis of statistical signal detection for digital signals transmitted over wireless communications Provides a unifying framework for different signal detection algorithms, such as sequence detection, symbol detection anTable of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. List of Figures. List of Tables. 1. Wireless Communication Systems. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Overview of Wireless Communication Systems. 1.3 Wireless Channel Models. 1.4 Demodulation, Detection, and Parameter Estimation. 1.5 Information Theoretic Limits. 1.6 Coding and Modulation. 1.7 Approaching Shannon Limits: Turbo Codes and Low Density Parity Check Codes. 1.8 Space-Time Coding. 1.9 Summary. 1.10 Problems. 2. A General Approach to Statistical Detection for Channels with Memory. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Statistical Detection Theory. 2.3 Transmission Systems with Memory. 2.4 Overview of Detection Algorithms for Stochastic Channels. 2.5 Summary. 2.6 Problems. 3. Sequence Detection: Algorithms and Applications. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 MAP Sequence Detection Principle. 3.3 Viterbi Algorithm. 3.4 Soft-output Viterbi Algorithm. 3.5 Finite-Memory Sequence Detection. 3.6 Estimation-Detection Decomposition. 3.7 Data-Aided Parameter Estimation. 3.8 Joint Detection and Estimation. 3.9 Per-Survivor Processing. 3.9.1 Phase-Uncertain Channel. 3.10 Complexity Reduction Techniques for VA-based Detection Algorithms. 3.11 Applications to Wireless Communications. 3.12 Summary. 3.13 Problems. 4. Symbol Detection: Algorithms and Applications. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 MAP Symbol Detection Principle. 4.3 Forward-Backward Algorithm. 4.4 Iterative Decoding and Detection. 4.5 Extrinsic Information in Iterative Decoding: a Unified View. 4.6 Finite-Memory Symbol Detection. 4.7 An Alternative Approach to Finite-Memory Symbol Detection. 4.8 State Reduction Techniques for Forward-Backward Algorithms. 4.9 Applications to Wireless Communications. 4.10 Summary. 4.11 Problems. 5. Graph-Based Detection: Algorithms and Applications. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Factor Graphs and the Sum-Product Algorithm. 5.3 Finite-Memory Graph-Based Detection. 5.4 Complexity Reduction for Graph-Based Detection Algorithms. 5.5 Strictly Finite Memory: Inter-Symbol Interference Channels. 5.6 Applications to Wireless Communications 5.7 An Alternative Approach to Graph-Based Detection in the Presence of Strong Phase Noise. 5.8 Summary. 5.9 Problems. Appendix: Discretization by Sampling. A.1 Introduction. A.2 Continuous-Time Signal Model. A.3 Discrete-Time Signal Model. References. List of Acronyms. Index.

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Book SynopsisTDD is one of two main approaches to implementing 3rd generation radio systems. This book provides comprehensive coverage of TDD. It also covers the connection of the TDD Radio Access Network to the 3G Core Network and public switched networks (PSTN) as well as public and private packet networks (Internet and Intranet).Table of ContentsList of Figures xiii List of Tables xix Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxiii Foreword xxv Acronyms xxix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 WTDD Technology 2 1.2 Other Advanced Radio Interface Technologies 2 1.3 3GPP Standards for Wideband TDD (WTDD) 3 1.4 Overview of the Book 4 2 System Architecture and Services 5 2.1 UMTS System Architecture 5 2.1.1 CN Architecture 5 2.1.2 UTRAN Architecture 7 2.1.3 Radio Interface 10 2.2 Protocol Architecture 10 2.2.1 UMTS Protocol Layers 11 2.2.2 Protocol Models for UTRAN Interfaces 12 2.3 UMTS Services 15 2.3.1 Traffic Classes and Quality of Service 16 2.3.2 UMTS QoS Attributes 18 References 19 3 Fundamentals of TDD-WCDMA 21 3.1 TDD Aspects 21 3.2 TDMA Aspects 22 3.2.1 Data Burst Structure 22 3.2.2 Midamble Generation 23 3.2.3 Synchronization Bursts 25 3.3 WCDMA Aspects 26 3.3.1 Spreading and Modulation 26 3.4 Modem Transmitter 28 3.4.1 Error Protection 29 3.4.2 Interleaving and Rate Matching 31 3.4.3 WCDMA and TDMA Processing 32 3.4.4 Pulse Shaping and Up Conversion 32 3.4.5 RF Characteristics 32 3.4.6 Transmit Diversity 34 3.5 Mobile Radio Channel Aspects 36 3.5.1 Mean Pathloss and Shadow Characteristics 36 3.5.2 Multipath Characteristics 37 3.6 Modem Receiver Aspects 38 3.6.1 RF Characteristics 38 3.6.2 Detection of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals 39 3.6.3 Rake Receiver Structure 39 3.6.4 Joint Detection Receiver Structure 41 References 42 4 TDD Radio Interface 43 4.1 Overview 43 4.2 Protocol Architecture 45 4.3 Layer 1 Structure 48 4.3.1 Physical Channels 48 4.3.2 Transport Channels 55 4.4 Layer 1 Communication 59 4.4.1 Layer 1 Processing 59 4.4.2 Inter-Layer Communication 61 4.5 Layer 2 Structure 63 4.5.1 Logical Channels 63 4.5.2 Radio Bearers 64 4.6 Layer 2 Communication 65 4.6.1 Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol 65 4.6.2 Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol 71 4.6.3 Packet Data Protocols (PDCP) 77 4.6.4 BMC Protocol 79 4.7 Layer 3 Communication 81 4.7.1 Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol 81 Appendix 4.1 System Information Blocks 85 References 86 5 TDD Procedures 89 5.1 Introductory Concepts 89 5.1.1 RRC Modes and States 89 5.1.2 DRX/Sleep Mode 90 5.2 Overview of Procedures 93 5.3 PLMN/Cell Selection/Reselection Procedure 95 5.4 Random Access Procedure 97 5.5 Paging Procedures 99 5.5.1 Paging Types 99 5.5.2 Paging Process at Layer 2 and Above 100 5.5.3 Broadcast Paging 101 5.5.4 Paging at Layer 1 103 5.5.5 Dedicated Paging Example 104 5.6 RRC Connection Procedures 104 5.6.1 Procedure between Network Elements 104 5.6.2 Procedure between Protocol Entities 105 5.7 RAB/RB Establishment Procedures 106 5.8 RAB/RB Management Procedures 110 5.9 Power Control Procedures 114 5.10 UE Timing Advance Procedures 119 5.10.1 Initial Timing Advance 120 5.10.2 Steady-State Timing Advance 121 5.11 Measurements Procedures 122 5.11.1 Common UE Measurements 123 5.11.2 Specific UE Measurements 123 5.11.3 Measurement Types 123 5.11.4 Measurement Reporting Methods 125 5.11.5 Node B Measurements 127 5.12 Cell/URA Update Procedures 127 5.13 Handover Procedures 130 5.14 NAS Signaling Message Transmission Procedures 135 5.15 Data Transmission Initialization Procedures 136 5.15.1 Inter-Layer Procedure 138 5.16 End-to-End Communication Procedures 139 5.16.1 UE Registration Procedures 139 5.16.2 Authentication and Security 142 5.16.3 CS Call Control Procedures 143 5.16.4 PS Session Control Procedures 146 5.16.5 CS Call and PS Session Data Procedures 147 References 149 6 Receiver Signal Processing 151 6.1 Receiver Architecture 151 6.2 Channel Estimation 154 6.2.1 Post-processing 157 6.3 Data Detection 157 6.3.1 Introduction 157 6.3.2 Multi-User Detection 159 6.3.3 Zero-Forcing Block Linear Equalizer (ZF-BLE) JD 160 6.3.4 Minimum Mean Square Error Block Linear Equalizer (MMSE-BLE) Joint Detector 161 6.3.5 Zero Forcing Block Linear Equalizer with Decision Feedback (DF ZF-BLE) Joint Detector 161 6.3.6 Minimum Mean Square Error Block Linear Equalizer with Decision Feedback (DF MMSE-BLE) Joint Detector 162 6.3.7 Approximate Cholesky/LDLH Factorization 162 6.3.8 Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) Detectors 165 6.3.9 Successive Interference Cancellers (SIC) Detectors 165 6.3.10 Implementation and Performance 166 6.4 Cell Search 169 6.4.1 Basic Initial Cell Search Algorithm 170 6.4.2 Basic Targeted Cell Search Algorithm 170 6.4.3 Hierarchical Golay Correlator 171 6.4.4 Auxiliary Algorithms 172 References 173 7 Radio Resource Management 175 7.1 Introduction 175 7.2 RRM Functions 177 7.2.1 Cell Initialization 177 7.2.2 Admission Control 178 7.2.3 Radio Bearer Establishment 179 7.2.4 Radio Bearer Maintenance 186 7.2.5 Cell Maintenance 190 7.3 Physical Layer RRM Algorithms 196 7.3.1 Basic Concepts 196 7.3.2 Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) Algorithms 200 References 207 8 Deployment Scenarios 209 8.1 Types of Deployment 209 8.2 Capacity and Coverage 210 8.2.1 Network Capacity 210 8.2.2 Analysis 211 8.2.3 TDD Capacity: Over-the-Rooftop Deployment 214 8.3 Coexistence 216 8.3.1 BS to BS Interference 217 8.3.2 UE to UE Interference 224 References 228 9 Alternate Technologies 229 9.1 WTDD-WLAN Comparison 229 9.1.1 System and Service Attributes of WLANs 229 9.1.2 Comparison of TDD and WLAN System and Service Attributes 231 9.1.3 Performance of 802.11b WLAN Systems 233 9.1.4 Comparison of UMTS TDD and 802.11b WLAN System Performance 235 9.1.5 Deployment Considerations for UMTS TDD and WLAN Systems 237 9.2 WTDD – TDSCDMA Comparison 237 9.2.1 TD-SCDMA in the Standards Evolution 237 9.2.2 Comparison 237 9.2.3 TD-SCDMA Potential Deployment Scenarios 239 References 240 Index 241

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Book SynopsisThe most thorough, up-to-date reference on channel equalizationfrom basic concepts to complex modeling techniques In today''s instant-access society, a high premium is placed on information that can be stored and communicated effectively. As a result, storage densities and communications rates are being pushed to capacity, causing information symbols to interfere with one another. To help unclog pathways for the clearer conveyance of information, this book offers in-depth discussion of the significant contributions and future adaptability of channel equalization and a set of approaches for solving the problem of intersymbol interference (ISI). Chapter explorations in Channel Equalization include: Channel equalization topics presented with incremental learning methodologyfrom the very fundamental concept to more advanced mathematical knowledge Coverage of technology used in second-, third- and fourth-generation cellular communication Table of Contents1 Introduction 1 2 Matched Filtering 31 3 Zero-Forcing Decision Feedback Equalization 57 4 Linear Equalization 69 5 MMSE and ML Decision Feedback Equalization 99 6 Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detection 115 7 Advanced Topics 151 8 Practical Considerations 173

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Book SynopsisThe author presents a unified treatment of this highly interdisciplinary topic to help define the notion of cognitive radio. The book begins with addressing issues such as the fundamental system concept and basic mathematical tools such as spectrum sensing and machine learning, before moving on to more advanced concepts and discussions about the future of cognitive radio. From the fundamentals in spectrum sensing to the applications of cognitive algorithms to radio communications, and discussion of radio platforms and testbeds to show the applicability of the theory to practice, the author aims to provide an introduction to a fast moving topic for students and researchers seeking to develop a thorough understanding of cognitive radio networks. Examines basic mathematical tools before moving on to more advanced concepts and discussions about the future of cognitive radio Describe the fundamentals of cognitive radio, providing a step by step treatment of the topiTable of ContentsPreface xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Vision: “Big Data” 1 1.2 Cognitive Radio: System Concepts 2 1.3 Spectrum Sensing Interface and Data Structures 2 1.4 Mathematical Machinery 4 1.4.1 Convex Optimization 4 1.4.2 Game Theory 6 1.4.3 “Big Data” Modeled as Large Random Matrices 6 1.5 Sample Covariance Matrix 10 1.6 Large Sample Covariance Matrices of Spiked Population Models 11 1.7 Random Matrices and Noncommutative Random Variables 12 1.8 Principal Component Analysis 13 1.9 Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) 13 1.10 Bregman Divergence for Matrix Nearness 13 2 Spectrum Sensing: Basic Techniques 15 2.1 Challenges 15 2.2 Energy Detection: No Prior Information about Deterministic or Stochastic Signal 15 2.2.1 Detection in White Noise: Lowpass Case 16 2.2.2 Time-Domain Representation of the Decision Statistic 19 2.2.3 Spectral Representation of the Decision Statistic 19 2.2.4 Detection and False Alarm Probabilities over AWGN Channels 20 2.2.5 Expansion of Random Process in Orthonormal Series with Uncorrelated Coefficients: The Karhunen-Loeve Expansion 21 2.3 Spectrum Sensing Exploiting Second-Order Statistics 23 2.3.1 Signal Detection Formulation 23 2.3.2 Wide-Sense Stationary Stochastic Process: Continuous-Time 24 2.3.3 Nonstationary Stochastic Process: Continuous-Time 25 2.3.4 Spectrum Correlation-Based Spectrum Sensing for WSS Stochastic Signal: Heuristic Approach 29 2.3.5 Likelihood Ratio Test of Discrete-Time WSS Stochastic Signal 32 2.3.6 Asymptotic Equivalence between Spectrum Correlation and Likelihood Ratio Test 35 2.3.7 Likelihood Ratio Test of Continuous-Time Stochastic Signals in Noise: Selin’s Approach 36 2.4 Statistical Pattern Recognition: Exploiting Prior Information about Signal through Machine Learning 39 2.4.1 Karhunen-Loeve Decomposition for Continuous-Time Stochastic Signal 39 2.5 Feature Template Matching 42 2.6 Cyclostationary Detection 47 3 Classical Detection 51 3.1 Formalism of Quantum Information 51 3.2 Hypothesis Detection for Collaborative Sensing 51 3.3 Sample Covariance Matrix 55 3.3.1 The Data Matrix 56 3.4 Random Matrices with Independent Rows 63 3.5 The Multivariate Normal Distribution 67 3.6 Sample Covariance Matrix Estimation and Matrix Compressed Sensing 77 3.6.1 The Maximum Likelihood Estimation 81 3.6.2 Likelihood Ratio Test (Wilks Test) for Multisample Hypotheses 83 3.7 Likelihood Ratio Test 84 3.7.1 General Gaussian Detection and Estimator-Correlator Structure 84 3.7.2 Tests with Repeated Observations 90 3.7.3 Detection Using Sample Covariance Matrices 94 3.7.4 GLRT for Multiple Random Vectors 95 3.7.5 Linear Discrimination Functions 97 3.7.6 Detection of Correlated Structure for Complex Random Vectors 98 4 Hypothesis Detection of Noncommutative Random Matrices 101 4.1 Why Noncommutative Random Matrices? 101 4.2 Partial Orders of Covariance Matrices: A < B 102 4.3 Partial Ordering of Completely Positive Mappings: (A) < (B) 104 4.4 Partial Ordering of Matrices Using Majorization: A ≺ B 105 4.5 Partial Ordering of Unitarily Invariant Norms: |||A||| < |||B||| 109 4.6 Partial Ordering of Positive Definite Matrices of Many Copies: K k=1 Ak ≤ K k=1 Bk 109 4.7 Partial Ordering of Positive Operator Valued Random Variables: Prob(A ≤ X ≤ B) 110 4.8 Partial Ordering Using Stochastic Order: A ≤st B 115 4.9 Quantum Hypothesis Detection 115 4.10 Quantum Hypothesis Testing for Many Copies 118 5 Large Random Matrices 119 5.1 Large Dimensional Random Matrices: Moment Approach, Stieltjes Transform and Free Probability 119 5.2 Spectrum Sensing Using Large Random Matrices 121 5.2.1 System Model 121 5.2.2 Marchenko-Pastur Law 124 5.3 Moment Approach 129 5.3.1 Limiting Spectral Distribution 130 5.3.2 Limits of Extreme Eigenvalues 133 5.3.3 Convergence Rates of Spectral Distributions 136 5.3.4 Standard Vector-In, Vector-Out Model 137 5.3.5 Generalized Densities 138 5.4 Stieltjes Transform 139 5.4.1 Basic Theorems 143 5.4.2 Large Random Hankel, Markov and Toepltiz Matrices 149 5.4.3 Information Plus Noise Model of Random Matrices 152 5.4.4 Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test Using Large Random Matrices 157 5.4.5 Detection of High-Dimensional Signals in White Noise 164 5.4.6 Eigenvalues of (A + B)−1B and Applications 169 5.4.7 Canonical Correlation Analysis 171 5.4.8 Angles and Distances between Subspaces 173 5.4.9 Multivariate Linear Model 173 5.4.10 Equality of Covariance Matrices 174 5.4.11 Multiple Discriminant Analysis 174 5.5 Case Studies and Applications 175 5.5.1 Fundamental Example of Using Large Random Matrix 175 5.5.2 Stieltjes Transform 177 5.5.3 Free Deconvolution 178 5.5.4 Optimal Precoding of MIMO Systems 178 5.5.5 Marchenko and Pastur’s Probability Distribution 179 5.5.6 Convergence and Fluctuations Extreme Eigenvalues 180 5.5.7 Information plus Noise Model and Spiked Models 180 5.5.8 Hypothesis Testing and Spectrum Sensing 183 5.5.9 Energy Estimation in a Wireless Network 185 5.5.10 Multisource Power Inference 187 5.5.11 Target Detection, Localization, and Reconstruction 187 5.5.12 State Estimation and Malignant Attacker in the Smart Grid 191 5.5.13 Covariance Matrix Estimation 193 5.5.14 Deterministic Equivalents 197 5.5.15 Local Failure Detection and Diagnosis 200 5.6 Regularized Estimation of Large Covariance Matrices 200 5.6.1 Regularized Covariance Estimates 201 5.6.2 Banding the Inverse 203 5.6.3 Covariance Regularization by Thresholding 204 5.6.4 Regularized Sample Covariance Matrices 206 5.6.5 Optimal Rates of Convergence for Covariance Matrix Estimation 208 5.6.6 Banding Sample Autocovariance Matrices of Stationary Processes 211 5.7 Free Probability 213 5.7.1 Large Random Matrices and Free Convolution 218 5.7.2 Vandermonde Matrices 221 5.7.3 Convolution and Deconvolution with Vandermonde Matrices 229 5.7.4 Finite Dimensional Statistical Inference 232 6 Convex Optimization 235 6.1 Linear Programming 237 6.2 Quadratic Programming 238 6.3 Semidefinite Programming 239 6.4 Geometric Programming 239 6.5 Lagrange Duality 241 6.6 Optimization Algorithm 242 6.6.1 Interior Point Methods 242 6.6.2 Stochastic Methods 243 6.7 Robust Optimization 244 6.8 Multiobjective Optimization 248 6.9 Optimization for Radio Resource Management 249 6.10 Examples and Applications 250 6.10.1 Spectral Efficiency for Multiple Input Multiple Output Ultra-Wideband Communication System 250 6.10.2 Wideband Waveform Design for Single Input Single Output Communication System with Noncoherent Receiver 256 6.10.3 Wideband Waveform Design for Multiple Input Single Output Cognitive Radio 262 6.10.4 Wideband Beamforming Design 268 6.10.5 Layering as Optimization Decomposition for Cognitive Radio Network 272 6.11 Summary 282 7 Machine Learning 283 7.1 Unsupervised Learning 288 7.1.1 Centroid-Based Clustering 288 7.1.2 k-Nearest Neighbors 289 7.1.3 Principal Component Analysis 289 7.1.4 Independent Component Analysis 290 7.1.5 Nonnegative Matrix Factorization 291 7.1.6 Self-Organizing Map 292 7.2 Supervised Learning 293 7.2.1 Linear Regression 293 7.2.2 Logistic Regression 294 7.2.3 Artificial Neural Network 294 7.2.4 Decision Tree Learning 294 7.2.5 Naive Bayes Classifier 295 7.2.6 Support Vector Machines 295 7.3 Semisupervised Learning 298 7.3.1 Constrained Clustering 298 7.3.2 Co-Training 298 7.3.3 Graph-Based Methods 299 7.4 Transductive Inference 299 7.5 Transfer Learning 299 7.6 Active Learning 299 7.7 Reinforcement Learning 300 7.7.1 Q-Learning 300 7.7.2 Markov Decision Process 301 7.7.3 Partially Observable MDPs 302 7.8 Kernel-Based Learning 303 7.9 Dimensionality Reduction 304 7.9.1 Kernel Principal Component Analysis 305 7.9.2 Multidimensional Scaling 307 7.9.3 Isomap 308 7.9.4 Locally-Linear Embedding 308 7.9.5 Laplacian Eigenmaps 309 7.9.6 Semidefinite Embedding 309 7.10 Ensemble Learning 311 7.11 Markov Chain Monte Carlo 312 7.12 Filtering Technique 313 7.12.1 Kalman Filtering 314 7.12.2 Particle Filtering 318 7.12.3 Collaborative Filtering 319 7.13 Bayesian Network 320 7.14 Summary 321 8 Agile Transmission Techniques (I): Multiple Input Multiple Output 323 8.1 Benefits of MIMO 323 8.1.1 Array Gain 323 8.1.2 Diversity Gain 323 8.1.3 Multiplexing Gain 324 8.2 Space Time Coding 324 8.2.1 Space Time Block Coding 325 8.2.2 Space Time Trellis Coding 326 8.2.3 Layered Space Time Coding 326 8.3 Multi-User MIMO 327 8.3.1 Space-Division Multiple Access 327 8.3.2 MIMO Broadcast Channel 328 8.3.3 MIMO Multiple Access Channel 330 8.3.4 MIMO Interference Channel 331 8.4 MIMO Network 334 8.5 MIMO Cognitive Radio Network 336 8.6 Summary 337 9 Agile Transmission Techniques (II): Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 339 9.1 OFDM Implementation 339 9.2 Synchronization 341 9.3 Channel Estimation 343 9.4 Peak Power Problem 345 9.5 Adaptive Transmission 345 9.6 Spectrum Shaping 347 9.7 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access 347 9.8 MIMO OFDM 349 9.9 OFDM Cognitive Radio Network 349 9.10 Summary 350 10 Game Theory 351 10.1 Basic Concepts of Games 351 10.1.1 Elements of Games 351 10.1.2 Nash Equilibrium: Definition and Existence 352 10.1.3 Nash Equilibrium: Computation 354 10.1.4 Nash Equilibrium: Zero-Sum Games 355 10.1.5 Nash Equilibrium: Bayesian Case 355 10.1.6 Nash Equilibrium: Stochastic Games 356 10.2 Primary User Emulation Attack Games 360 10.2.1 PUE Attack 360 10.2.2 Two-Player Case: A Strategic-Form Game 361 10.2.3 Game in Queuing Dynamics: A Stochastic Game 362 10.3 Games in Channel Synchronization 368 10.3.1 Background of the Game 368 10.3.2 System Model 368 10.3.3 Game Formulation 369 10.3.4 Bayesian Equilibrium 370 10.3.5 Numerical Results 371 10.4 Games in Collaborative Spectrum Sensing 372 10.4.1 False Report Attack 373 10.4.2 Game Formulation 373 10.4.3 Elements of Game 374 10.4.4 Bayesian Equilibrium 376 10.4.5 Numerical Results 379 11 Cognitive Radio Network 381 11.1 Basic Concepts of Networks 381 11.1.1 Network Architecture 381 11.1.2 Network Layers 382 11.1.3 Cross-Layer Design 384 11.1.4 Main Challenges in Cognitive Radio Networks 384 11.1.5 Complex Networks 385 11.2 Channel Allocation in MAC Layer 386 11.2.1 Problem Formulation 386 11.2.2 Scheduling Algorithm 387 11.2.3 Solution 389 11.2.4 Discussion 390 11.3 Scheduling in MAC Layer 391 11.3.1 Network Model 391 11.3.2 Goal of Scheduling 393 11.3.3 Scheduling Algorithm 393 11.3.4 Performance of the CNC Algorithm 395 11.3.5 Distributed Scheduling Algorithm 396 11.4 Routing in Network Layer 396 11.4.1 Challenges of Routing in Cognitive Radio 397 11.4.2 Stationary Routing 398 11.4.3 Dynamic Routing 402 11.5 Congestion Control in Transport Layer 404 11.5.1 Congestion Control in Internet 404 11.5.2 Challenges in Cognitive Radio 405 11.5.3 TP-CRAHN 406 11.5.4 Early Start Scheme 408 11.6 Complex Networks in Cognitive Radio 417 11.6.1 Brief Introduction to Complex Networks 418 11.6.2 Connectivity of Cognitive Radio Networks 421 11.6.3 Behavior Propagation in Cognitive Radio Networks 423 12 Cognitive Radio Network as Sensors 427 12.1 Intrusion Detection by Machine Learning 429 12.2 Joint Spectrum Sensing and Localization 429 12.3 Distributed Aspect Synthetic Aperture Radar 429 12.4 Wireless Tomography 433 12.5 Mobile Crowdsensing 434 12.6 Integration of 3S 435 12.7 The Cyber-Physical System 435 12.8 Computing 436 12.8.1 Graphics Processor Unit 437 12.8.2 Task Distribution and Load Balancing 437 12.9 Security and Privacy 438 12.10 Summary 438 Appendix A Matrix Analysis 441 A.1 Vector Spaces and Hilbert Space 441 A.2 Transformations 443 A.3 Trace 444 A.4 Basics of C ∗-Algebra 444 A.5 Noncommunicative Matrix-Valued Random Variables 445 A.6 Distances and Projections 447 A.6.1 Matrix Inequalities 450 A.6.2 Partial Ordering of Positive Semidefinite Matrices 451 A.6.3 Partial Ordering of Hermitian Matrices 451 References 453 Index 511

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Book SynopsisCovering the full range of channel codes from the most conventional through to the most advanced, the second edition of Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding is a self-contained reference on channel coding for wireless channels. The book commences with a historical perspective on the topic, which leads to two basic component codes, convolutional and block codes. It then moves on to turbo codes which exploit iterative decoding by using algorithms, such as the Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP), Log-MAP and Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA), comparing their performance. It also compares Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM), Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation (TTCM), Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) and Iterative BICM (BICM-ID) under various channel conditions. The horizon of the content is then extended to incorporate topics which have found their way into diverse standard systems. These include space-time block and trellis codes, as well as other MultipTable of ContentsAbout the Authors. Other Related Wiley–IEEE Press Books. Acknowledgements. 1 Historical Perspective, Motivation and Outline. 1.1 A Historical Perspective on Channel Coding. 1.2 Motivation for this Book. 1.3 Organisation of the Book. 1.4 NovelContributions of the Book. 2 Convolutional Channel Coding. 2.1 Brief Channel Coding History. 2.2 Convolutional Encoding. 2.3 State and Trellis Transitions. 2.4 The Viterbi Algorithm. 2.5 Summary and Conclusions. 3 Soft Decoding and Performance of BCH Codes. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 BCH codes. 3.3 Trellis Decoding. 3.4 Soft-input Algebraic Decoding. 3.5 Summary and Conclusions. Part I Turbo Convolutional and Turbo Block Coding. 4 Turbo Convolutional Coding (J. P. Woodard and L. Hanzo). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Turbo Encoder. 4.3 Turbo Decoder. 4.4 Turbo-coded BPSK Performance over Gaussian Channels. 4.5 Turbo Coding Performance over Rayleigh Channels. 4.6 Summary and Conclusions. 5 Turbo BCH Coding. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Turbo Encoder. 5.3 Turbo Decoder. 5.4 Turbo Decoding Example. 5.5 MAP Algorithm for Extended BCH Codes. 5.6 Simulation Results. 5.7 Summary and Conclusions. Part II Space–time Block and Space–time Trellis Coding. 6 Space–time Block Codes. 6.1 Classification of Smart Antennas. 6.2 Introduction to Space–time Coding. 6.3 Background. 6.4 Space–time Block Codes. 6.5 Channel-coded Space–time Block Codes. 6.6 Performance Results. 6.7 Summary and Conclusions. 7 Space–time Trellis Codes. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Space–time Trellis Codes. 7.3 Space–time-coded Transmission over Wideband Channels. 7.4 Simulation Results. 7.5 Space–time-coded Adaptive Modulation for OFDM. 7.6 Summary and Conclusions. 8 Turbo-coded Adaptive Modulation versus Space–time Trellis Codes for Transmission over Dispersive Channels. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 System Overview. 8.3 Simulation Parameters. 8.4 Simulation Results. 8.5 Summary and Conclusions. Part III Turbo Equalisation. 9 Turbo-coded Partial-response Modulation. 9.1 Motivation. 9.2 The Mobile Radio Channel. 9.3 Continuous Phase Modulation Theory. 9.4 Digital Frequency Modulation Systems. 9.5 State Representation. 9.6 Spectral Performance. 9.7 Construction of Trellis-based Equaliser States. 9.8 Soft-output GMSK Equaliser and Turbo Coding. 9.9 Summary and Conclusions. 10 Turbo Equalisation for Partial-response Systems. 10.1 Motivation. 10.2 Principle of Turbo Equalisation Using Single/Multiple Decoder(s). 10.3 Soft-in/Soft-out Equaliser for Turbo Equalisation. 10.4 Soft-in/Soft-out Decoder for Turbo Equalisation. 10.5 Turbo Equalisation Example. 10.6 Summary of Turbo Equalisation. 10.7 Performance of Coded GMSK Systems Using Turbo Equalisation. 10.8 Discussion of Results. 10.9 Summary and Conclusions. 11 Comparative Study of Turbo Equalisers. 11.1 Motivation. 11.2 SystemOverview. 11.3 Simulation Parameters. 11.4 Results and Discussion. 11.5 Non-iterative Joint Channel Equalisation and Decoding. 11.6 Summary and Conclusions. 12 Reduced-complexity Turbo Equaliser. 12.1 Motivation. 12.2 Complexity of the Multilevel Full-response Turbo Equaliser. 12.3 System Model. 12.4 In-phase/Quadrature-phase Equaliser Principle. 12.5 Overview of the Reduced-complexity Turbo Equaliser. 12.6 Complexity of the In-phase/Quadrature-phase Turbo Equaliser. 12.7 System Parameters. 12.8 System Performance. 12.9 Summary and Conclusions. 13 Turbo Equalisation for Space–time Trellis-coded Systems. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 System Overview. 13.3 Principle of In-phase/Quadrature-phase Turbo Equalisation. 13.4 Complexity Analysis. 13.5 Results and Discussion. 13.6 Summary and Conclusions. Part IV Coded and Space–time-Coded Adaptive Modulation: TCM, TTCM, BICM, BICM-ID and MLC. 14 Coded Modulation Theory and Performance. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Trellis-coded Modulation. 14.3 The Symbol-based MAP Algorithm. 14.4 Turbo Trellis-coded Modulation. 14.5 Bit-interleaved Coded Modulation. 14.6 Bit-interleaved Coded Modulation Using Iterative Decoding. 14.7 Coded Modulation Performance. 14.8 Near-capacity Turbo Trellis-coded Modulation Design Based on EXIT Charts and Union Bounds. 14.9 Summary and Conclusions. 15 Multilevel Coding Theory. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Multilevel Coding. 15.3 Bit-interleaved Coded Modulation. 15.4 Bit-interleaved Coded Modulation Using Iterative Decoding. 15.5 Conclusion. 16 MLC Design Using EXIT Analysis. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Comparative Study of Coded Modulation Schemes. 16.3 EXIT-chart Analysis. 16.4 Precoder-aided MLC. 16.5 Chapter Conclusions. 17 Sphere Packing-aided Space–time MLC/BICMDesign. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Space–time Block Code. 17.3 Orthogonal G2 Design Using Sphere Packing. 17.4 Iterative Demapping for Sphere Packing. 17.5 STBC-SP-MLC. 17.6 STBC-SP-BICM. 17.7 Chapter Conclusions. 18 MLC/BICMSchemes for theWireless Internet. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Multilevel Generalised Low-density Parity-check Codes. 18.3 An Iterative Stopping Criterion for MLC-GLDPCs. 18.4 Coding for theWireless Internet. 18.5 LT-BICM-ID Using LLR Packet Reliability Estimation. 18.6 Chapter Conclusions. 19 Near-capacity Irregular BICM-ID Design. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Irregular Bit-interleaved Coded Modulation Schemes. 19.3 EXIT-chart Analysis. 19.4 Irregular Components. 19.5 Simulation Results. 19.6 Chapter Conclusions. 20 Summary and Conclusions. 20.1 Summary of the Book. 20.2 Future Work. 20.3 Concluding Remarks. Bibliography. Subject Index. Author Index.

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Book Synopsis*Trade Review"I highly recommend the essential and idea filled book Connected Services: A Guide to the Internet Technologies Shaping the Future of Mobile Services and Operators by Paul Golding, to anyone in any internet, telco, business, policy making, or technology related field who seeks a clearer understanding of the rapidly changing technologies affecting the overall information and communications landscape. This book explains in detail how the underlying technologies, that drive connected services, really work in a format that is understandable and applicable for anyone with a basic knowledge of technology." (Blog Business World, 4 November 2011)Table of ContentsForeword xv Preface xvii 1 Connected Services: The Collision of Internet with Telco 1 1.1 Connected What? 1 1.2 Ubiquity: IP Everywhere or Software Everyware? 5 1.3 Six Models for Potential Operator Futures 6 1.3.1 Access Provider 7 1.3.2 Connected Services Platform 7 1.3.3 Distribution Channel 8 1.3.4 Seamless Services Provider 9 1.3.5 Financial Merchant 10 1.3.6 Social Telco 10 1.3.7 Start Thinking Platforms 12 1.3.8 Execution 14 1.4 “Follow Me” Web – Social Networks and Social Software 14 1.5 What are Platforms and Why are They Important? 18 1.5.1 Platform Patterns for Telcos 23 1.5.2 Marketplace and Service Platforms 24 1.5.3 Data and Mash-Up Platforms 26 1.5.4 Platform as a Service 28 1.5.5 Do Platforms Work? 30 1.6 From Platforms to Ecosystems 31 1.7 Where’s the Value? 32 1.8 What Should We Build? It’s Still About the Experience! 33 1.9 Summary 36 2 The Web 2.0 Services Ecosystem, How ItWorks and Why 37 2.1 Introduction 37 2.2 Beneath the Hood of Web 2.0: CRUD, MVC and REST 38 2.3 LAMP and Beyond: Web Frameworks and Middleware 45 2.3.1 Introducing LAMP 45 2.3.2 Web Frameworks 47 2.3.3 Agile – Coding at the Speed of Thought 50 2.3.4 Summary – “Why Frameworks Work” 52 2.4 Open by Default: Open Source, Open APIs and Open Innovation 52 2.4.1 The Different Types of Open 52 2.4.2 Open, Open, Open! 56 2.4.3 Summary (“Why Open Works . . .”) 58 2.5 One App Fits All? HTML5 and the Modern Browser 58 2.5.1 Summary (“Why the Browser Works”) 62 2.6 It’s all About People: Social Computing 62 2.6.1 Exploiting Relationships – The Social Graph 62 2.6.2 Exploiting Interests – Context Awareness 63 2.6.3 Portable Data 64 2.6.4 Mobile is THE Social Device 67 2.6.5 Summary (“Why Social Computing Works”) 67 2.7 User Participation, Co-Creation and Analytics 67 2.7.1 User Participation 67 2.7.2 Co-Creation 68 2.7.3 Analytics 68 2.7.4 Summary (“Why User-Voice Works”) 69 2.8 Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: APIs and Mash-Ups 69 2.8.1 Summary (“Why Mash-Ups Work”) 71 2.9 Mobile 2.0 – It’s Really a Developer Thing! 71 2.9.1 Mobile 2.0 71 2.9.2 Mobile as THE Platform (Again) 72 3 The Web Operating System – The Future (Mobile) Services Platform 75 3.1 Why is the Concept of a Web OS Important? 75 3.1.1 Summary 81 3.2 Internet of Things 81 3.2.1 Summary 84 3.3 Making Sense of Data 85 3.3.1 Data Semantics 85 3.3.2 Data Relationships 87 3.3.3 Meta-Data Tools: Ontologies, OWL, RDF 89 3.3.4 Meta-Data Tools: Tagging and Folksonomies 91 3.3.5 RDFa – Embedding Meta-Data Within Web Pages 93 3.3.6 Meta-Data Tools: Twitter and Annotations “Twannotations” 94 3.3.7 Summary 98 3.4 Future Web: “People OS?” 98 3.4.1 Introduction 98 3.4.2 Social Networks 100 3.4.3 Social APIs and Platform Thinking (Again) 103 3.4.4 Open Social API – A Cross-Platform People OS? 104 3.4.5 Open Social API – The Mechanics 105 3.4.6 Emergence of a Person OS at the UI layer 108 3.4.7 Privacy and Personas 110 3.5 Social Telcos and the Web OS 110 3.5.1 Where are the Telcos? 110 3.5.2 Telco Social Graph and APIs 111 3.5.3 Identity and Security 114 4 Big Data and Real-Time Web 115 4.1 What is Big Data and Where Did it Come From? 115 4.1.1 In Search of the New Big Data 115 4.1.2 The Business of Big Data 116 4.1.3 Welcome to the Age of Big Data 120 4.2 Some Key Examples of Big Data 121 4.2.1 Statistics Collection at Facebook 121 4.2.2 Real-Time e-Commerce at Amazon with Dynamo 123 4.2.3 Amazon’s Dynamo Features 127 4.3 Say Hello to the Data Geeks 128 4.4 “No SQL” and Some of its Flavours 130 4.4.1 No SQL Means No SQL, But not Much Else 130 4.4.2 Key-Value Stores 132 4.4.3 Document Stores 133 4.4.4 Graph Stores 134 5 Real-Time and Right-TimeWeb 137 5.1 Real-Time Web and Twitter 137 5.1.1 Web Becomes Real-Time Thanks to Twitter 137 5.1.2 Web Infrastructure Goes Real-Time 142 5.1.3 The Real-Time Nature of Mobile 149 5.2 Big Data + Real-Time = Right-Time Web 152 5.2.1 New Buzzword: Right-Time Web 152 5.2.2 Key Components of Right-Time Web 153 6 Modern Device Platforms 159 6.1 Mobile Devices or Connected Devices? 160 6.1.1 What is a Mobile Platform? 160 6.1.2 Developer Mindset About Mobile Platforms 162 6.1.3 Mobile Device or Connected Device? 164 6.2 Introduction to Mobile Device Platforms 166 6.2.1 Platforms of Interest 166 6.2.2 Brief Explanation of an Operating System and SDK 167 6.3 The iOS Platform 170 6.3.1 Mac OS X and Unix – The Foundation for iOS 171 6.3.2 The Mechanics of iOS 172 6.3.3 iOS – What Makes the Platform Tick 176 6.3.4 How Open is iOS? 177 6.4 The Android Platform 178 6.4.1 Introduction 178 6.4.2 Architecture 179 6.4.3 Linux Kernel 179 6.4.4 Android Runtime 180 6.4.5 Android Application Framework 181 6.4.6 Android System Libraries 181 6.4.7 Android – What Makes the Platform Tick 182 6.4.8 How Open is Android? 183 6.5 The Mobile Web Platform 184 6.5.1 Introduction 184 6.5.2 Native versus Web “Debate” 184 6.5.3 Is Native versus Web the Right Question? 186 6.5.4 Major Trends in Mobile Web 190 6.5.5 HTML5 193 6.5.6 Widgets 200 6.5.7 Is That a Phone in My Browser? 207 6.5.8 Mobile Web First? 207 7 Augmented Web 209 7.1 Real or Virtual Worlds? 210 7.1.1 Introduction 210 7.1.2 Augmented Reality 210 7.1.3 Proof-of-Presence or “check-in” Services 215 7.1.4 Summary – Virtual is Just Another Layer in the Web OS 215 7.2 Sensor-Net: Mobiles as Sixth-Sense Devices 216 7.2.1 Current Sensor Applications in Smartphones 217 7.2.2 Emergent and Future Sensor Applications in Smartphones 220 7.2.3 Sensor Net – Is This Web 3.0? 227 8 Cloud Computing, Saas and PaaS 229 8.1 What is Cloud Computing? 230 8.1.1 More Than Just a Fluffy Phrase 230 8.1.2 Open and Commodity: Key Enablers for Cloud Computing 231 8.1.3 Public or Private Cloud? 233 8.1.4 Key Use Cases 234 8.2 On-Demand: Cloud Computing Infrastructure 236 8.2.1 The Infrastructure Level: Servers, Images and Templates 236 8.2.2 The Service Level: Storage, Queues, Load-Balancers . . . 239 8.3 On-Demand: Software as a Service 242 8.3.1 Opening SaaS with APIs 243 8.3.2 Using SaaS for an Ecosystem Strategy 244 8.3.3 Opportunities for Telcos 245 8.4 On-Demand: Platform as a Service 247 8.4.1 Business PaaS – Force.com 248 8.4.2 Telco 2.0 PaaS – Tropo.com 251 8.4.3 Web 2.0 PaaS – Heroku.com 255 9 Operator Platform: Network as a Service 265 9.1 Opportunity? Network as a Service 266 9.1.1 What is Network as a Service (NaaS)? 266 9.1.2 Characteristics of NaaS APIs 266 9.1.3 Opportunity? 267 9.1.4 The “Customers” are Developers, not the Users! 268 9.1.5 Who are Developers? 268 9.1.6 Ingredients for NaaS Success – What do Developers Want? 270 9.2 Examples of NaaS Connected Services 279 9.2.1 NaaS Case Study – O2 Litmus 279 9.2.2 Update to O2 Litmus Story – BlueVia 281 9.2.3 OneAPI – The Interoperable NaaS Play 282 9.2.4 Hashblue Case Study? – RT# and SMSOwl 283 9.2.5 The #Blue Hacks 284 9.2.6 The Benefits of #Blue Platform 286 10 Harnessing Web 2.0 Start-Up Methods for Telcos 289 10.1 Start-Ups and Innovation 289 10.2 What can Telcos Learn from Web 2.0? 290 10.3 Key Web Start-Up Memes 291 10.4 Tech People 293 10.5 Lean Start-Up Methodologies 294 10.6 Extreme and Constant Optimization 297 10.6.1 Ship Often 297 10.6.2 Always Experiment 298 10.6.3 Experiment Driven Development (EDD) 301 10.6.4 The Metrics Mantra – Startup Metrics for Pirates: AARRR! 303 10.7 Co-Creation and Crowdsourcing 304 10.8 Exploiting Big-Data 307 10.9 Social Discovery 310 10.10 APIs and Developers 311 10.11 Incubation and Acceleration 312 10.12 Hack Days, Events and Barcamps 313 10.12.1 Hack Days 314 10.12.2 Barcamps 315 Index 319

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Book SynopsisThe improvement of electrical energy efficiency is fast becoming one of the most essential areas of sustainability development, backed by political initiatives to control and reduce energy demand. Now a major topic in industry and the electrical engineering research community, engineers have started to focus on analysis, diagnosis and possible solutions. Owing to the complexity and cross-disciplinary nature of electrical energy efficiency issues, the optimal solution is often multi-faceted with a critical solutions evaluation component to ensure cost effectiveness. This single-source reference brings a practical focus to the subject of electrical energy efficiency, providing detailed theory and practical applications to enable engineers to find solutions for electroefficiency problems. It presents power supplier as well as electricity user perspectives and promotes routine implementation of good engineering practice. Key features include: a comprehensive Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xiii Foreword xv 1 Overview of Standardization of Energy Efficiency 1 Franco Bua and Angelo Baggini 1.1 Standardization 3 1.1.1 ISO 4 1.1.2 IEC 5 1.1.3 CEN and CENELEC 6 Further Readings 8 2 Cables and Lines 9 Paola Pezzini and Andreas Sumper 2.1 Theory of Heat Transfer 10 2.1.1 Conduction 10 2.1.2 Convection 10 2.1.3 Radiation 11 2.2 Current Rating of Cables Installed in Free Air 12 2.3 Economic Aspects 15 2.4 Calculation of the Current Rating: Total Costs 16 2.4.1 Evaluation of CJ 16 2.5 Determination of Economic Conductor Sizes 18 2.5.1 Economic Current Range for Each Conductor in a Series of Sizes 18 2.5.2 Economic Conductor Size for a Given Load 18 2.6 Summary 19 References 19 3 Power Transformers 21 Roman Targosz, Stefan Fassbinder and Angelo Baggini 3.1 Losses in Transformers 23 3.1.1 No-Load Losses 23 3.1.2 Load Losses 24 3.1.3 Auxiliary Losses 24 3.1.4 Extra Losses due to Harmonics, Unbalance and Reactive Power 25 3.2 Efficiency and Load Factor 30 3.3 Losses and Cooling System 31 3.4 Energy Efficiency Standards and Regulations 32 3.4.1 MEPS 37 3.4.2 Mandatory Labelling 37 3.4.3 Voluntary Programmes 37 3.5 Life Cycle Costing 39 3.5.1 Life Cycle Cost of Transformers 40 3.5.2 Detailed Considerations 44 3.6 Design, Material and Manufacturing 47 3.6.1 Core 47 3.6.2 Windings 52 3.6.3 Other Developments 54 3.7 Case Study – Evaluation TOC of an Industrial Transformer 54 3.7.1 Method 55 3.7.2 Results 56 References 59 Further Readings 59 3.A Annex 60 3.A.1 Selected MEPS 60 4 Building Automation, Control and Management Systems 71 Angelo Baggini and Annalisa Marra 4.1 Automation Functions for Energy Savings 72 4.1.1 Temperature Control 72 4.1.2 Lighting 74 4.1.3 Drives and Motors 74 4.1.4 Technical Alarms and Management 75 4.1.5 Remote Control 76 4.2 Automation Systems 76 4.2.1 KNX Systems 77 4.2.2 Scada Systems 82 4.3 Automation Device Own Consumption 86 4.4 Basic Schemes 86 4.4.1 Heating and Cooling 86 4.4.2 Ventilation and Air Conditioning 95 4.4.3 Lighting 107 4.4.4 Sunscreens 109 4.4.5 Technical Building Management 110 4.4.6 Technical Installations in the Building 111 4.5 The Estimate of Building Energy Performance 113 4.5.1 European Standard EN 15232 113 4.5.2 Comparison of Methods: Detailed Calculations and BAC Factors 115 Further Readings 124 5 Power Quality Phenomena and Indicators 125 Andrei Cziker, Zbigniew Hanzelka and Ireana Wasiak 5.1 RMS Voltage Level 126 5.1.1 Sources 127 5.1.2 Effects on Energy Efficiency 128 5.1.3 Mitigation Methods 130 5.2 Voltage Fluctuations 132 5.2.1 Disturbance Description 132 5.2.2 Sources of Voltage Fluctuations 134 5.2.3 Effects and Cost 135 5.2.4 Mitigation Methods 138 5.3 Voltage and Current Unbalance 138 5.3.1 Disturbance Description 139 5.3.2 Sources 140 5.3.3 Effect and Cost 140 5.3.4 Mitigation Methods 143 5.4 Voltage and Current Distortion 145 5.4.1 Disturbance Description 145 5.4.2 Sources 146 5.4.3 Effects and Cost 147 5.4.4 Mitigation Methods 153 References 162 Further Readings 162 6 On Site Generation and Microgrids 165 Irena Wasiak and Zbigniew Hanzelka 6.1 Technologies of Distributed Energy Resources 166 6.1.1 Energy Sources 166 6.1.2 Energy Storage 170 6.2 Impact of DG on Power Losses in Distribution Networks 175 6.3 Microgrids 178 6.3.1 Concept 178 6.3.2 Energy Storage Applications 180 6.3.3 Management and Control 182 6.3.4 Power Quality and Reliability in Microgrids 184 References 186 Further Readings 187 7 Electric Motors 189 Joris Lemmens and Wim Deprez 7.1 Losses in Electric Motors 190 7.1.1 Power Balance and Energy Efficiency 191 7.1.2 Loss Components Classification 193 7.1.3 Influence Factors 195 7.2 Motor Efficiency Standards 199 7.2.1 Efficiency Classification Standards 199 7.2.2 Efficiency Measurement Standards 200 7.2.3 Future Standard for Variable Speed Drives 207 7.3 High Efficiency Motor Technology 208 7.3.1 Motor Materials 210 7.3.2 Motor Design 218 7.3.3 Motor Manufacturing 224 References 226 8 Lighting 229 Mircea Chindris and Antoni Sudria-Andreu 8.1 Energy and Lighting Systems 230 8.1.1 Energy Consumption in Lighting Systems 230 8.1.2 Energy Efficiency in Lighting Systems 231 8.2 Regulations 233 8.3 Technological Advances in Lighting Systems 234 8.3.1 Efficient Light Sources 234 8.3.2 Efficient Ballasts 239 8.3.3 Efficient Luminaries 241 8.4 Energy Efficiency in Indoor Lighting Systems 242 8.4.1 Policy Actions to Support Energy Efficiency 242 8.4.2 Retrofit or Redesign? 245 8.4.3 Lighting Controls 247 8.4.4 Daylighting 251 8.5 Energy Efficiency in Outdoor Lighting Systems 252 8.5.1 Efficient Lamps and Luminaires 253 8.5.2 Outdoor Lighting Controls 256 8.6 Maintenance of Lighting Systems 259 References 260 Further Readings 261 9 Electrical Drives and Power Electronics 263 Daniel Montesinos-Miracle, Joan Bergas-Jan´e and Edris Pouresmaeil 9.1 Control Methods for Induction Motors and PMSM 266 9.1.1 V/f Control 266 9.1.2 Vector Control 271 9.1.3 DTC 272 9.2 Energy Optimal Control Methods 274 9.2.1 Converter Losses 275 9.2.2 Motor Losses 276 9.2.3 Energy Optimal Control Strategies 276 9.3 Topology of the Variable Speed Drive 276 9.3.1 Input Stage 277 9.3.2 DC Bus 278 9.3.3 The Inverter 279 9.4 New Trends on Power Semiconductors 280 9.4.1 Modulation Techniques 281 9.4.2 Review of Different Modulation Methods 283 References 291 Further Readings 193 10 Industrial Heating Processes 295 Mircea Chindris and Andreas Sumper 10.1 General Aspects Regarding Electroheating in Industry 298 10.2 Main Electroheating Technologies 302 10.2.1 Resistance Heating 302 10.2.2 Infrared Heating 309 10.2.3 Induction Heating 314 10.2.4 Dielectric Heating 318 10.2.5 Arc Furnaces 325 10.3 Specific Aspects Regarding the Increase of Energy Efficiency in Industrial Heating Processes 326 10.3.1 Replacement of Traditional Heating Technologies 327 10.3.2 Selection of the Most Suitable Electrotechnology 329 10.3.3 Increasing the Efficiency of the Existing Electroheating Equipment 330 References 333 Further Readings 334 11 Heat, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 335 Roberto Villafafila-Robles and Jaume Salom 11.1 Basic Concepts 336 11.2 Environmental Thermal Comfort 338 11.3 HVAC Systems 342 11.3.1 Energy Conversion 344 11.3.2 Energy Balance 346 11.3.3 Energy Efficiency 347 11.4 Energy Measures in HVAC Systems 348 11.4.1 Final Service 348 11.4.2 Passive Methods 348 11.4.3 Conversion Device 351 11.4.4 Energy Sources 353 References 354 Further Readings 355 12 Data Centres 357 Angelo Baggini and Franco Bua 12.1 Standards 357 12.2 Consumption Profile 358 12.2.1 Energy Performance Index 360 12.3 IT Infrastructure and Equipment 360 12.3.1 Blade Server 360 12.3.2 Storage 361 12.3.3 Network Equipment 361 12.3.4 Consolidation 362 12.3.5 Virtualization 362 12.3.6 Software 363 12.4 Facility Infrastructure 363 12.4.1 Electrical Infrastructure 363 12.4.2 HVAC Infrastructure 365 12.5 DG and CHP for Data Centres 368 12.6 Organizing for Energy Efficiency 369 Further Readings 370 13 Reactive Power Compensation 371 |Zbigniew Hanzelka, Waldemar Szpyra, Andrei Cziker and Krzysztof Piatek 13.1 Reactive Power Compensation in an Electric Utility Network 373 13.1.1 Economic Efficiency of Reactive Power Compensation 377 13.2 Reactive Power Compensation in an Industrial Network 380 13.2.1 Linear Loads 381 13.2.2 Group Compensation 383 13.2.3 Nonlinear Loads 387 13.3 Var Compensation 391 13.3.1 A Synchronous Condenser 391 13.3.2 Capacitor Banks 392 13.3.3 Power Electronic Compensators/Stabilizers 393 References 398 Further Readings 398 Index 399

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Book SynopsisDescribing the essential aspects that need to be considered during the deployment and operational phases of 3GPP LTE/SAE networks, this book gives a complete picture of LTE systems, as well as providing many examples from operational networks. It demystifies the structure, functioning, planning and measurements of both the radio and core aspects of the evolved 3G system. The content includes an overview of the LTE/SAE environment, architectural and functional descriptions of the radio and core network, functionality of the LTE applications, international roaming principles, security solutions and network measurement methods. In addition, this book gives essential guidelines and recommendations about the transition from earlier mobile communications systems towards the LTE/SAE era and the next generation of LTE, LTE-Advanced. The book is especially suitable for the operators that face new challenges in the planning and deployment phases of LTE/SAE, and is also useful for netwTable of ContentsList of Contributors xv Foreword xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi Glossary xxiii 1 General 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The LTE Scene 1 1.3 The Role of LTE in Mobile Communications 2 1.4 LTE/SAE Deployment Process 3 1.5 The Contents of the Book 7 References 9 2 Drivers for LTE/SAE 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Mobile System Generations 11 2.3 Data Service Evolution 14 2.4 Reasons for the Deployment of LTE 19 2.5 Next Steps of LTE/SAE 20 2.6 Summary of the Benefits of LTE 21 References 21 3 LTE/SAE Overview 23 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 LTE/SAE Standards 24 3.3 How to Find Information from Specs? 25 3.4 Evolution Path Towards LTE 27 3.5 Key Parameters of LTE 28 3.6 LTE vs WiMAX 29 3.7 Models for Roaming Architecture 29 3.8 LTE/SAE Services 36 3.9 LTE-Advanced--Next Generation LTE 40 References 42 4 Performance Requirements 45 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 LTE Key Features 45 4.3 Standards LTE Requirements 49 4.4 Effects of the Requirements on the LTE/SAE Network Deployment 60 References 62 5 LTE and SAE Architecture 63 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 Elements 63 5.3 Interfaces 70 5.4 Protocol Stacks 71 5.5 Layer 2 Structure 75 References 77 6 Transport and Core Network 79 6.1 Introduction 79 6.2 Functionality of Transport Elements 79 6.3 Transport Network 83 6.4 Core Network 85 6.5 IP Multimedia Subsystem 86 References 93 7 LTE Radio Network 95 7.1 Introduction 95 7.2 LTE Radio Interface 95 7.3 LTE Spectrum 96 7.4 OFDM and OFDMA 96 7.5 SC-FDM and SC-FDMA 107 7.6 Reporting 108 7.7 LTE Radio Resource Management 111 7.8 RRM Principles and Algorithms Common to UL and DL 113 7.9 Uplink RRM 123 7.10 Downlink RRM 128 7.11 Intra-LTE Handover 132 References 134 8 Terminals and Applications 137 8.1 Introduction 137 8.2 Effect of Smartphones on LTE 137 8.3 Interworking 139 8.4 LTE Terminal Requirements 143 8.5 LTE Applications 149 References 155 9 Voice Over LTE 157 9.1 Introduction 157 9.2 CS Fallback for Evolved Packet System 158 9.3 SMS Over SGs 159 9.4 Voice and Other CS Services than SMS 164 9.5 Voice and SMS Over IP 169 9.6 Summary 186 References 187 10 Functionality of LTE/SAE 189 10.1 Introduction 189 10.2 States 189 10.3 End-to-End Functionality 199 10.4 LTE/SAE Roaming 200 10.5 Charging 216 References 219 11 LTE/SAE Security 221 11.1 Introduction 221 11.2 LTE Security Risk Identification 222 11.3 LTE/SAE Service Security--Case Example 234 11.4 Authentication and Authorization 238 11.5 Customer Data Safety 239 11.6 Lawful Interception 239 References 242 12 Planning and Deployment of SAE 243 12.1 Introduction 243 12.2 Network Evolution from 2G/3G PS Core to EPC 243 12.3 Entering Commercial Phase: Support for Multi-Mode LTE/3G/2G Terminals with Pre-Release 8 SGSN 245 12.4 SGSN/MME Evolution 248 12.5 Case Example: Commercial SGSN/MME Offering 249 12.6 Mobile Gateway Evolution 250 12.7 Case Example: Commercial GGSN/S-GW/P-GW Offering 251 12.8 EPC Network Deployment and Topology Considerations 252 12.9 LTE Access Dimensioning 254 13 Radio Network Planning 257 13.1 Introduction 257 13.2 Radio Network Planning Process 257 13.3 Nominal Network Planning 260 13.4 Capacity Planning 263 13.5 Coverage Planning 264 13.6 Self-Optimizing Network 271 Reference 272 14 LTE/SAE Measurements 273 14.1 Introduction 273 14.2 General 273 14.3 Principles of Radio Interface Measurements 273 14.4 LTE Field Measurements 282 14.5 Evolution Changes the Rules of Testing 289 14.6 General Test Requirements and Methods for the LTE Air Interface 292 14.7 Test Requirements in SAE 298 14.8 Throughput Testing 300 14.9 Self-Organizing Network Techniques for Test and Measurement 306 14.10 Field Testing 309 References 323 15 Recommendations 325 15.1 Introduction 325 15.2 Transition to LTE--Use Cases 326 15.3 Spectrum Aspects 327 15.4 Effect of the Advanced GSM Features on the Fluent LTE Deployment 343 15.5 Alternative Network Migration Path (Multi-Operator Case) 367 15.6 Hardware Migration Path 376 15.7 Mobile Backhaul--Towards "All-IP" Transport 381 15.8 LTE Interworking with Legacy Networks for the Optimal Voice and Data Services 384 References 405 Index 407

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Book SynopsisSpanning modern topics in digital communication systems, Introduction to Digital Communication Systems links topics to practical applications and presents necessary theoretical knowledge in this intensively developing field.Table of ContentsPreface. About the Author. 1 Elements of Information Theory. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Basic Concepts. 1.3 Communication System Model. 1.4 Concept of Information and Measure of Amount of Information. 1.5 Message Sources and Source Coding. 1.6 Discrete Source Coding. 1.7 Channel Models from the Information Theory Point of View. 1.8 Mutual Information. 1.9 Properties of Mutual Information. 1.10 Channel Capacity. 1.11 Decision Process and its Rules. 1.12 Differential Entropy and Average Amount of Information for Continuous Variables. 1.13 Capacity of Band-Limited Channel with Additive White Gaussian Noise. 1.14 Implication of AWGN Channel Capacity for Digital Transmission. 1.15 Capacity of a Gaussian Channel with a Given Channel Characteristic. 1.16 Capacity of a Flat Fading Channel. 1.17 Capacity of a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Channel. Problems. 2 Channel Coding. 2.1 Idea of Channel Coding. 2.2 Classification of Codes. 2.3 Hard- and Soft-Decision Decoding. 2.4 Coding Gain. 2.5 Block Codes. 2.6 Nonalgebraic Decoding for Block Codes. 2.7 Algebraic Decoding Methods for Cyclic Codes. 2.8 Convolutional Codes and Their Description. 2.9 Convolutional Code Decoding. 2.10 Concatenated Coding. 2.11 Case Studies: Two Examples of Concatenated Coding. 2.12 Turbo Codes. 2.13 LDPC Codes. 2.14 Error Detection Structures and Algorithms. 2.15 Application of Error Detection – ARQ Schemes. 2.16 Hybrid ARQ. Problems. 3 Digital Baseband Transmission. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Shaping of Elementary Signals. 3.3 Selection of the Data Symbol Format. 3.4 Optimal Synchronous Receiver. 3.5 Error Probability at the Output of the Optimal Synchronous Receiver. 3.6 Error Probability in the Optimal Receiver for M-PAM Signals. 3.7 Case Study: Baseband Transmission in Basic Access ISDN Systems. 3.8 Appendix: Power Spectral Density of Pulse Sequence. Problems. 4 Digital Modulations of the Sinusoidal Carrier. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Optimal Synchronous Receiver. 4.3 Optimal Asynchronous Receiver. 4.4 ASK Modulation. 4.5 FSK Modulation. 4.6 PSK Modulation. 4.7 Linear Approach to Digital Modulations – M-PSK Modulation. 4.8 Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK). 4.9 Digital Amplitude and Phase Modulations – QAM. 4.10 Constant Envelope Modulations – Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM). 4.11 Trellis-Coded Modulations. 4.12 Multitone Modulations. 4.13 Case Study: OFDM Transmission in DVB-T System. 4.14 Influence of Nonlinearity on Signal Properties. Problems. 5 Properties of Communication Channels. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Baseband Equivalent Channel. 5.3 Telephone Channel. 5.4 Properties of a Subscriber Loop Channel. 5.5 Line-of-Sight Radio Channel. 5.6 Mobile Radio Channel. 5.7 Examples of Other Radio Channels. 5.8 Basic Properties of Optical Fiber Channels. 5.9 Conclusions. Problems. 6 Digital Transmission on Channels Introducing Intersymbol Interference. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Intersymbol Interference. 6.3 Channel with ISI as a Finite State Machine. 6.4 Classification of Equalizer Structures and Algorithms. 6.5 Linear Equalizers. 6.6 Decision Feedback Equalizer. 6.7 Equalizers using MAP Symbol-by-Symbol Detection. 6.8 Maximum Likelihood Equalizers. 6.9 Examples of Suboptimum Sequential Receivers. 6.10 Case Study: GSM Receiver. 6.11 Equalizers for Trellis-Coded Modulations. 6.12 Turbo Equalization. 6.13 Blind Adaptive Equalization. 6.14 Equalizers for MIMO Systems. 6.15 Conclusions. Problems. 7 Spread Spectrum Systems. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Pseudorandom Sequence Generation. 7.3 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems. 7.4 RAKE Receiver. 7.5 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum Systems. 7.6 Time-Hopping Spread Spectrum System with Pseudorandom Pulse Position Selection. Problems. 8 Synchronization in Digital Communication Systems. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Phase-locked loop for continuous signals. 8.3 Phase-Locked Loop for Sampled Signals. 8.4 Maximum Likelihood Carrier Phase Estimation. 8.5 Practical Carrier Phase Synchronization Solutions. 8.6 Timing Synchronization. Problems. 9 Multiple Access Techniques. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access. 9.3 Time Division Multiple Access. 9.4 Code Division Multiple Access. 9.5 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access. 9.6 Single-Carrier FDMA. 9.7 Space Division Multiple Access. 9.8 Case Study: Multiple Access Scheme in the 3GPP LTE Cellular System. 9.9 Conclusions. Problems. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents the model and methodology, applied by ITU-R WRC'07, to calculate the spectrum requirement Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology for IMT-Advanced is a self-contained handbook of the models and methodologies used for the spectrum requirement calculation for IMT-Advanced systems, as well as for the predecessor IMT-2000 systems. The reader will learn how the spectrum requirement is calculated for real systems that prevail worldwide. The book also provides the basis on which to develop advanced methodologies for yet future systems, as the spectrum regulation will continue in the future. Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology for IMT-Advanced Provides the reader with information on how the spectrum requirement is calculated for real systems that prevail worldwide Contains useful tables and examples such as flowchart Table of ContentsAbout the Series Editors. Preface. 1 Introduction (Bernhard H. Walke and Hitoshi Yoshino). 1.1 Trends inMobileCommunication. 1.1.1 Mobileapplicationsandservices. 1.1.2 Radio interface technologies. 1.1.3 Standardization. 1.2 Trends inSpectrumUsage. 1.2.1 Physicalpropertiesof radiospectra. 1.2.2 Spectrumallocationandidentification. 1.3 SpectrumAllocation:Why and How. 2 Utilization of Radio Frequencies (Hitoshi Yoshino, Naoto Matoba, Pekka Ojanen and Bernhard H. Walke). 2.1 SpectrumUsageOverview. 2.2 Spectrum Management by ITU. 2.3 Radio Communication Services. 2.4 Radio Communication Systems. 3 Spectrum Requirement Calculation for IMT-2000 (Hideaki Takagi). 3.1 Model. 3.2 Input Parameters. 3.3 Methodology. 3.4 Sequel to the Story. 4 Spectrum Requirement Calculation for IMT-Advanced (Marja Matinmikko, J¨org Huschke, Tim Irnich, Naoto Matoba, Jussi Ojala, Pekka Ojanen, Hideaki Takagi, Bernhard H. Walke and Hitoshi Yoshino). 4.1 Overview. 4.2 Models and Input Parameters. 4.3 Methodology. 4.4 Summary of Methodology for IMT-Advanced. 5 Calculation Tool Package (Marja Matinmikko, Jörg Huschke and Jussi Ojala). 5.1 Description and Use of Software Tool. 5.2 Front Sheet of Software Tool. 5.3 Inputs to Software Tool. 5.4 IntermediateCalculationSteps. 5.5 Outputs from Software Tool. 6 Market Data (Marja Matinmikko and Mitsuhiro Azuma). 6.1 Collection of Market Data. 6.2 Use of Market Parameters in the Methodology. 6.3 AnalysisofCollectedMarketData. 6.4 Example Input Market Parameter Value Set. 7 Radio-Related Input Parameters (Marja Matinmikko, Pekka Ojanen and Jussi Ojala). 7.1 RAT Group Approach. 7.2 Use of Radio Parameters in the Methodology. 7.3 Example Input Radio Parameter Value Set. 8 Numerical Examples (Tim Irnich, Marja Matinmikko, Jussi Ojala and Bernhard H. Walke). 8.1 Packet Size Statistics and QoS Requirements. 8.2 Traffic Demand Derived from Market Data. 8.3 TrafficDistribution Ratios . 8.4 Offered Traffic per RAT Group and Radio Environment. 8.5 Required System Capacity. 8.6 Required Spectrum. 9 Capacity Dimensioning to Meet Delay Percentile Requirements (Tim Irnich and Bernhard H. Walke). 9.1 Delay Percentile Evaluation. 9.2 ServiceTimeDistributionin IP-BasedCommunicationSystems. 9.3 Waiting Time Distribution in M/G/1 Queues. 9.4 Delay DF Approximation. 9.5 Accuracy of Gamma and H2 Approximations. 9.6 Impact of Percentile Requirements on System Capacity. 9.7 Conclusion. 10 Epilog: Result ofWRC-07 (Hitoshi Yoshino). Appendices. Appendix A Derivation of Formulas by Queueing Theory (Hideaki Takagi). A.1 Erlang-B Formula for a Loss System. A.2 Erlang-C Formula for a Delay System. A.3 Multidimensional Erlang-B Formula. A.3.1 Two classes of calls with single server occupation. A.3.2 Several classes of calls with multiple server occupation. A.4 M/G/1 Nonpreemptive Priority Queue. Appendix B Example Market Study Parameter Values. Appendix C List of Acronyms and Symbols. C.1 Acronyms. C.2 Symbols. Appendix D ITU-R Documents and Web Sites. D.1 ITU-R Recommendations. D.2 ITU-R Reports. D.3 Other ITU-RDocuments. D.4 WebSites. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe challenge for producing invisible electronic circuitry and opto-electronic devices is that the transistor materials must be transparent to visible light yet have good carrier mobilities. This requires a special class of materials having contra-indicated properties because from the band structure point of view, the combination of transparency and conductivity is contradictory. Structured to strike a balance between introductory and advanced topics, this monograph juxtaposes fundamental science and technology / application issues, and essential materials characteristics versus device architecture and practical applications. The first section is devoted to fundamental materials compositions and their properties, including transparent conducting oxides, transparent oxide semiconductors, p-type wide-band-gap semiconductors, and single-wall carbon nanotubes. The second section deals with transparent electronic devices including thin-film transistors, photovoltaic cells, integrated elTable of ContentsPreface. List of Contributors. 1 Combining Optical Transparency with Electrical Conductivity: Challenges and Prospects (Julia E. Medvedeva). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Electronic Properties of Conventional TCO Hosts. 1.3 Carrier Generation in Conventional TCO Hosts. 1.4 Magnetically Mediated TCO. 1.5 Multicomponent TCO Hosts. 1.6 Electronic Properties of Light Metal Oxides. 1.7 Carrier Delocalization in Complex Oxides. 1.8 An Outlook: Toward an Ideal TCO. Acknowledgements. References. 2 Transparent Oxide Semiconductors: Fundamentals and Recent Progress (Hideo Hosono). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Electronic Structure in Oxides: Carrier Transport Paths in Semiconductors. 2.3 Materials Design of p-Type TOSs. 2.4 Layered Oxychalcogenides: Improved p-Type Conduction and Room-Temperature Stable Excitons. 2.5 Nanoporous Crystal, C12A7: New Functions Created by Subnanometer Cages and Clathrated Anions. 2.6 TAOSs and their TFT Applications. 2.7 Perspective. References. 3 p-Type Wide-Band-Gap Semiconductors for Transparent Electronics (Janet Tate and Douglas A. Keszler). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Applications. 3.3 Challenges Associated with p-Type Wide-Gap Semiconductors . 3.4 Materials. 3.5 Outlook and Prospects. References. 4 Lead Oxides: Synthesis and Applications (Dale L. Perry). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Overview of Synthetic Methods and Approaches. 4.3 Synthesis of Lead Oxides. 4.4 Applications of Lead Oxides. 4.5 Summary. Acknowledgement. References. 5 Deposition and Performance Challenges of Transparent Conductive Oxides on Plastic Substrates (Clark I. Bright). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Challenges with Plastic Substrates. 5.3 TCO Performance Comparison – Glass Versus Plastic Substrates. 5.4 Conductivity Mechanisms in TCO. 5.5 Qualitative TCO Doping Model. 5.6 Industrial TCO Deposition Methods on Plastic Substrates. 5.7 Developing a TCO Deposition Process. 5.8 Controlling TCO E/O Properties. 5.9 TSO for Transparent Oxide Electronics. 5.10 p-Type TCO and TSO. 5.11 Key Points and Summary. References. 6 Oxide Semiconductors: From Materials to Devices (Elvira Fortunato, Pedro Barquinha, Gonçalo Gonçalves, Luís Pereira and Rodrigo Martins). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Historical Background: From Field Effect Transistors (FETs) to TFTs. 6.3 Transparent Oxide Semiconductors. 6.4 Emerging Devices Based on Cellulose Paper: Paper FETs. 6.5 Conclusions and Outlook. Acknowledgements. References. 7 Carbon Nanotube Transparent Electrodes (Teresa M. Barnes and Jeffrey L. Blackburn). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Chirality and Band Structure of SWCNTs. 7.3 Synthesis, Purification, and Dispersion of SWCNTs. 7.4 Deposition of SWCNT Networks. 7.5 Effects of Chemical Doping. 7.6 Optical Properties of SWCNTs and SWCNT Networks. 7.7 Electrical Properties of SWCNT Networks. 7.8 Sheet Resistance and Transport Measurements. 7.9 Morphology of SWCNT Networks. 7.10 Literature Results on Transparent SWCNT Networks. 7.11 Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 8 Application of Transparent Amorphous Oxide Thin Film Transistors to Electronic Paper (Manabu Ito). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Display. 8.3 Flexible Electronic Paper. 8.4 Application of Transparent Electronics. 8.5 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 9 Solution-Processed Electronics Based on Transparent Conductive Oxides (Vivek Subramanian). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Solution-Processed Transparent Conductive Oxides. 9.3 Summary. References. 10 Transparent Metal Oxide Nanowire Electronics (Rocıío Ponce Ortiz, Antonio Facchetti and Tobin J. Marks). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Nanowire Transistors. 10.3 Transparent Nanowire Circuits and Displays. 10.4 Conclusions. References. 11 Application of Transparent Oxide Semiconductors for Flexible Electronics (Peter F. Carcia). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Zinc Oxide. 11.3 Indium Oxide. 11.4 SnO2 Thin Film Transistors. 11.5 Gate Dielectrics. 11.6 Transistors on Plastic Substrates. 11.7 Patterning. 11.8 Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 12 Transparent OLED Displays (Thomas Riedl). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Transparent OLEDs. 12.3 Transparent Thin Film Transistors. 12.4 Transparent Active Matrix OLED Displays. 12.5 Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 13 Oxide-Based Electrochromics (Claes G. Granqvist). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Electrochromic Devices. 13.3 Some Recent Research Results. 13.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks. References. 14 Transparent Solar Cells Based on Organic Polymers (Jinsong Huang, Gang Li, Juo-Hao Li, Li-Min Chen and Yang Yang). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Multiple Metal Layer Structure as Transparent Cathode. 14.3 Transparent Metal Oxide for Anode of High Performance Transparent Solar Cell. 14.4 Transparent Solar Cell Fabricated by Lamination. 14.5 Conclusion and Remarks. References. 15 Organic Electro-Optic Modulators with Substantially Enhanced Performance Based on Transparent Electrodes (Fei Yi, Seng-Tiong Ho and Tobin J. Marks). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 TC-Based Low-Voltage, High-Speed Organic EO Modulators. 15.3 Full Design: A Detailed Example of High-Frequency Modulator Design. 15.4 Experimental Realization of a TC-Based Organic EO Modulator and Measurement Result. Acknowledgements. References. 16 Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimides as Transparent Organic Semiconductors (Kevin Cua See and Howard E. Katz). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Initial Demonstration of NTCDI Semiconductor FETs. 16.3 Further Structural Elaboration of NTCDI Molecular Semiconductors. 16.4 Use of NTCDI Semiconductors in Multifunctional Transistors. 16.5 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 17 Transparent Metal Oxide Semiconductors as Gas Sensors (Camilla Baratto, Elisabetta Comini, Guido Faglia, Matteo Ferroni, Andrea Ponzoni, Alberto Vomiero and Giorgio Sberveglieri). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Sensing with Nanostructures. 17.3 Synthesis of Nanostructures for Sensing. 17.4 Gas Sensing with Nanowires. 17.5 Chemoresistive Sensing Properties of In2O3 Nanowires. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisIt is estimated that by 2017, seven trillion mobile devices will serve seven billion people worldwide. Presenting the most up-to-date ideas, thoughts, and trends based on current research, Technologies for the Wireless Future reflects WWRF's vision of mobile technologies between 2010 and 2017.Table of ContentsContents List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Foreword by Dr Atsushi Murase Foreword by Charles Backof Preface Acknowledgements 1 Introduction Edited by Dr Nigel Jefferies (Vodafone Group R&D, UK) and Prof. Dr Klaus David (ComTec, University of Kassel, Germany) 1.1 A Book of Visions 1.2 The Wireless World Research Forum 1.3 Current Situation and Trends 1.4 Overview of the Following Chapters 2 Vision and Stakeholder Requirements for Future Mobile Systems Edited by Dr Nigel Jefferies (Vodafone Group R&D, UK) 2.1 A Vision of 2017 2.2 Stakeholder Requirements 2.3 Acknowledgements 3 User Requirements, Scenarios and Business Models Edited by Lene Sørensen and Knud Erik Skouby (Center for Information and Communication Technologies/IMM, Danish Technical University, Denmark) 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Scenarios 3.3 User Requirements 3.4 A User-centred Approach to Service Development 3.5 Usability 3.6 Business Modeling 3.7 Conclusions and Further Research 3.8 Acknowledgements 4 Service Infrastructures Edited by Prof. Dr Klaus David (ComTec, University of Kassel, Germany) and Dr Mika Klemettinen (Nokia, Finland) 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Semantic Services 4.3 Service Creation 4.4 Service Architecture for the Wireless World 4.5 Acknowledgements 5 The WWI System Architecture for B3G Networks Edited by Andreas Schieder (Ericsson GmbH, Germany), Elias Tragos (National Technical University of Athens, Greece), Andrej Mihailovic (King’s College London, UK), Jukka Salo (Nokia Siemens Networks, Finland) and Jan van der Meer (Ericsson Telecommunicati, The Netherlands) 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Heterogeneous Radio Resource Management (HRRM) in the WWI System Architecture 5.3 Mobility 5.4 Context Provisioning 5.5 Network Management in the WWI System Architecture 5.6 Conclusions 6 New Air Interface Technologies Edited by Dr Angeliki Alexiou (Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, UK) and Dr Gerhard Bauch (DoCoMo Euro-Labs, Germany) 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Error Control Coding Options for Next-generation Wireless Systems 6.3 Multi-dimensional Channel Modeling 6.4 Multi-user MIMO Systems 7 Short-range Wireless Communications Edited by Prof. Rolf Kraemer (IHP, Germany) and Marcos Katz (VTT, Finland) 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Integrative and Cooperative Aspects of Short-range Communications: Technologies, Designing Rules and Trends 7.3 Ultra Wideband Radio over Optical Fibre 7.4 Work in Progress 8 Emerging Technologies to Support Reconfigurable Cognitive Wireless Networks Edited by Prof. Panagiotis Demestichas, George Dimitrakopoulos and Yiouli Kritikou (University of Piraeus, Greece) 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Overview of Cognitive Wireless Networks 8.3 Management Mechanisms for Cognitive Wireless Networks 8.4 Supplementary Knowledge Features in Support of Cognition 8.5 Summary 9 Methods for Spectrum Sharing Edited by Sudhir Dixit (Nokia Siemens Networks) 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Spectrum Sharing CategoriesBased on Centralized and Distributed Approaches 9.3 Problems and Issues in Flexible Spectrum Use 9.4 Conclusion 9.5 Acknowledgements 10 Ultra Broadband Home Area Network Edited by Djamal-Eddine Meddour (Orange Labs, France Telecom Group) 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Applications Challenges 10.3 Connectivity 10.4 Access Challenges 10.5 Architecture 10.6 Conclusion 10.7 Acknowledgements 11 Combined View of Future Systems Edited by Mikko A. Uusitalo (Nokia Research Center) 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Applications and Services 11.3 IP-based Communication Subsystem 11.4 Access Network 11.5 Development of Reconfigurability and Cognitive Wireless Networks 11.6 Other End-to-end Aspects 11.7 Summary and Conclusion 11.8 Acknowledgements Appendix: Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an excellent reference to the MIMO radio channel In this book, the authors introduce the concept of the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radio channel, which is an intelligent communication method based upon using multiple antennas. Moreover, the authors provide a summary of the current channel modeling approaches used by industry, academia, and standardisation bodies. Furthermore, the book is structured to allow the reader to easily progress through the chapters in order to gain an understanding of the fundamental and mathematical principles behind MIMO. It also provides examples (i.e. Kroenecker model, Weicheselberger model, geometric and deterministic models, and ray tracing), system scenarios, trade-offs, and visual explanations. The authors explain and demonstrate the use and application of these models at system level. Key Features: Provides a summary of the current channel modeling approaches used by industry, academia and sTable of ContentsPreface xi List of Abbreviations xiii List of Symbols xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 From SISO to MISO/ SIMO to MIMO 2 1.1.1 Single Input Single Output SISO 2 1.1.2 Single Input Multiple Output, SIMO, and Multiple Input Single Output, MISO 3 1.1.3 Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO 6 1.2 What Do We Need MIMO For? 7 1.2.1 The Single User Perspective 8 1.2.2 The Multiple User Perspective 8 1.3 How Does MIMO Work? Two Analogies 10 1.3.1 The Single User Perspective 10 1.3.2 The Multiple User Perspective 12 1.4 Conditions for MIMO to Work 13 1.5 How Long Has MIMO Been Around? 14 1.6 Where is MIMO Being Used? 15 1.7 Purpose of the Book 16 2 Capacity of MIMO Channels 17 2.1 Some Background on Digital Communication Systems 18 2.1.1 Generation of Digital Signals 18 2.1.2 Conversion/Formatting for Transmission 19 2.1.3 Complex Baseband Representation 19 2.1.4 Decoder 19 2.2 Notion of Capacity 20 2.2.1 Abstract Communication System 20 2.2.2 Definition of Capacity 22 2.2.3 Capacity Achieving Transceivers 23 2.3 Channel State Information and Fading 24 2.3.1 Fast and Slow Fading 24 2.3.2 Channel State Information 26 2.4 Narrowband MIMO Model 27 2.5 Capacity of the Time-Invariant Channel 28 2.5.1 Capacity of the Time-Invariant SISO Channel 29 2.5.2 Time-Invariant SIMO Channel 30 2.5.3 Time-Invariant MISO Channel 32 2.5.4 Time-Invariant MIMO Channel: A Set of Parallel Independent AWGN Channels 34 2.5.5 Maximal Achievable Rate for Fixed Input Covariance Matrix 43 2.6 Fast Fading Channels with CSIT Distribution: Ergodic Capacity 46 2.6.1 Ergodic Capacity: Basic Principles 47 2.6.2 Fast Fading SISO Channel with CSIT Distribution 47 2.6.3 Fast Fading SIMO Channel with CSIT Distribution 48 2.6.4 Fast Fading MISO Channel with CSIT Distribution 49 2.6.5 Fast Fading MIMO Channels with CSIT Distribution 49 2.7 Slow Fading Channel with CSIT Distribution: Outage Probability and Capacity with Outage 54 2.7.1 Outage: Basic Principles 55 2.7.2 Diversity to Improve Communication Reliability 57 2.7.3 Slow Fading SISO Channels with CSIT Distribution 58 2.7.4 Slow Fading SIMO Channel with CSIT Distribution: Receive Diversity 60 2.7.5 Slow Fading MISO Channel with CSIT Distribution: Transmit Diversity 60 2.7.6 Slow Fading MIMO Channel with CSIT Distribution 62 2.8 Chapter Summary Tables 67 2.9 Further Reading 73 3 MIMO Transceivers 75 3.1 MIMO Receivers 76 3.1.1 General MIMO Architecture 76 3.1.2 Maximum Likelihood Receiver 78 3.1.3 Classes of Receivers Considered in the Chapter 78 3.1.4 Spatial Matched Filtering 80 3.1.5 Zero Forcing Receiver 86 3.1.6 MMSE Receiver 92 3.1.7 SIC Receiver and V-Blast 97 3.1.8 Performance 103 3.2 Transceivers with CSI at Transmitter and Receiver: Transmit and Receive Beamforming 108 3.2.1 Principle of Beamforming 108 3.2.2 Multiple Transmit and Receive Beams 109 3.2.3 Transmit Beamforming (MISO System) 111 3.2.4 Receive Beamforming (SIMO) 112 3.2.5 Single Beam MIMO: Maximal Eigenmode Beamforming 113 3.2.6 Eigenmode Transmission 114 3.2.7 Performance of Beamforming Schemes 118 3.3 Space–Time Block Codes 122 3.3.1 Orthogonal Design for a 2 × 1 MISO System: Alamouti STBC 123 3.3.2 STBC for More than Two Transmit Antennas 128 3.4 D-Blast 133 3.4.1 Diagonal Encoding 133 3.4.2 Diagonal Decoding 134 3.4.3 D-Blast: Outage Optimal 135 3.4.4 Performance Gains 135 3.4.5 Error Propagation 136 3.4.6 Numerical Evaluations: Comparison of D-Blast with STBC 136 3.5 Chapter Summary Tables 138 3.6 Further Reading 143 4 MIMO Channel Models 145 4.1 SISO Models and Channel Fundamentals 146 4.1.1 Models for the Prediction of the Power 146 4.1.2 Models for the Prediction of the Temporal Variation of the Channel 152 4.1.3 Narrowband and Wideband Channels 160 4.1.4 Polarisation 166 4.1.5 Summary of Parameters Required for SISO Channel Modelling 167 4.2 Challenges in MIMO Channel Modelling 167 4.2.1 Deterministic Models 169 4.2.2 Stochastic Models 171 4.3 Summary 190 5 MIMO Antenna Design 193 5.1 Antenna Element Fundamentals 194 5.1.1 Isotropic Radiator 194 5.1.2 Directivity and Gain 195 5.1.3 Far Field and Rayleigh Distance 196 5.1.4 Three Dimensional Antenna Patterns 197 5.1.5 Impedance and Return Loss 198 5.1.6 Reciprocity 199 5.1.7 Antenna Polarisation 199 5.1.8 Mean Effective Gain 202 5.2 Single Antenna Design 205 5.3 Designing Array Antennas for MIMO 207 5.3.1 Spatial Correlation 207 5.3.2 Angular and Polarised Correlation 209 5.3.3 Impact of Nonuniform Angles of Arrival 211 5.4 Impact of Antenna Design on the MIMO Radio Channel 212 5.5 Evaluating Antenna Impact on the MIMO Channel 217 5.5.1 A Crude Evaluation of the Impact of Antennas on MIMO Channel Capacity 217 5.5.2 Advanced Techniques to Evaluate MIMO Antenna Performance 219 5.6 Challenges in Compact MIMO Antenna Design and Examples 221 5.7 Summary 223 5.7.1 Antenna Fundamentals 223 5.7.2 Designing Antenna Arrays 223 5.7.3 Practical Antennas for MIMO 223 6 MIMO in Current and Future Standards 225 6.1 Wireless Channel Modelling in Standards 225 6.2 Current Wireless Standards Employing MIMO and the Corresponding Channel Models 228 6.2.1 IEEE 802.11n 228 6.2.2 IEEE 802.16–WiMAX 231 6.2.3 3GPP-LTE 235 6.2.4 Comparison of the IEEE 802.11n, WiMAX and 3GPP Models 238 6.3 MIMO in Other Areas 240 6.3.1 MIMO for DVB-T2 240 6.3.2 MIMO in the HF Band 241 6.3.3 MIMO for Satellite Communications 242 6.3.4 Ultrawideband MIMO 242 6.3.5 MIMO for On-body Communications 243 6.3.6 MIMO for Vehicular Communications 244 6.3.7 MIMO in Small Cellular Environments 244 6.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Wireless Systems 245 Appendix: Some Useful Definitions 247 Bibliography 251 Index 257

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Book SynopsisWithin the set of many identifier-locator separation designs for the Internet, HIP has progressed further than anything else we have so far. It is time to see what HIP can do in larger scale in the real world. In order to make that happen, the world needs a HIP book, and now we have it. - Jari Arkko, Internet Area Director, IETF One of the challenges facing the current Internet architecture is the incorporation of mobile and multi-homed terminals (hosts), and an overall lack of protection against Denial-of-Service attacks and identity spoofing. The Host Identity Protocol (HIP) is being developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an integrated solution to these problems. The book presents a well-structured, readable and compact overview of the core protocol with relevant extensions to the Internet architecture and infrastructure. The covered topics include the Bound End-to-End Tunnel Mode for IPsec, Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers, extensTrade Review"I recommend this book to all software writers and engineers who are working in the context of mobile IP, IPv6, and the future internet. Graduate and advanced undergraduate students who are interested in discovering a practical and challenging application of identity management models and cryptographic protocols will also benefit from this book." (Computing Reviews, May 5, 2009)Table of ContentsAbout the Author. Foreword. (Jari Arkko) Foreword. (David Hutchison) Preface. Acknowledgments. Abbreviations. Part I Introduction. Chapter 1: Overview. 1.1 Identifierâ??locatorsplit. 1.2 HIPin the Internetarchitecture. 1.3 BriefhistoryofHIP. 1.4 Organization of the book. Chapter 2: Introduction to network security. 2.1 Goalsof cryptographicprotocols. 2.2 Basics andterminology. 2.3 Attacktypes. 2.4 Defensemechanisms. 2.5 Securityprotocols. 2.6 Weakauthenticationtechniques. 2.7 SecureDNS. Part II The Host Identity Protocol. Chapter 3: Architectural overview. 3.1 Internet namespaces. 3.2 Methods of identifying a host. 3.3 OverlayRoutableCryptographicHashIdentifiers. Chapter 4: Baseprotocol. 4.1 Base exchange. 4.2 OtherHIPcontrolpackets. 4.3 IPsec encapsulation. Chapter 5: Main extensions. 5.1 Mobility and multihoming. 5.2 Rendezvous server. 5.3 DNSextensions. 5.4 Registrationprotocol. Chapter 6: Advanced extensions. 6.1 Opportunistic mode. 6.2 Piggybacking transport headers to base exchange. 6.3 HIPservicediscovery. 6.4 Simultaneous multiaccess. 6.5 DisseminatingHITswitha presenceservice. 6.6 Multicast. Chapter 7: Performance measurements. 7.1 HIPonNokia InternetTablet. 7.2 Experimental results. 7.3 Summary. Chapter 8: Lightweight HIP. 8.1 Security functionality of HIP. 8.2 HIPhigh-levelgoals. 8.3 LHIPdesign. 8.4 LHIPperformance. 8.5 Discussion. Part III Infrastructure Support. Chapter 9: Middlebox traversal. 9.1 Requirements for traversinglegacymiddleboxes. 9.2 LegacyNATtraversal. 9.3 Requirements forHIP-awaremiddleboxes. 9.4 HIP-awarefirewall. Chapter 10: Name resolution. 10.1 Problemstatementofnaming. 10.2 DistributedHashTables. 10.3 HIPinterface toOpenDHT. 10.4 Overviewofoverlaynetworks. 10.5 Host Identity Indirection Infrastructure. 10.5.1 Separatingcontrol,data, andnaming. 10.5.2 Thedata plane. 10.5.3 Thecontrolplane. 10.5.4 Discussionof theHi3design. Chapter 11: Micromobility. 11.1 Local rendezvousservers. 11.2 Secure micromobility. 11.3 Network mobility. Chapter 12: Communication privacy. 12.1 SPINAT. 12.2 BLIND. 12.3 Anonymousidentifiers. Part IV Applications. Chapter 13: Possible HIP applications. 13.1 VirtualPrivateNetworking. 13.2 P2PInternetSharingArchitecture. 13.3 InteroperatingIPv4andIPv6. 13.4 SecureMobileArchitecture. 13.5 Liveapplicationmigration. 13.6 NetworkoperatorviewpointonHIP. Chapter 14: Application interface. 14.1 UsinglegacyapplicationswithHIP. 14.2 API fornativeHIPapplications. Chapter 15: Integrating HIP with other protocols. 15.1 GeneralizedHIP. 15.2 The use of Session Initiation Protocol. 15.3 EncapsulatingHIPdatausingSRTP. 15.4 ReplacingHIPbase exchangewithIKEv2. 15.5 MobileIPandHIP. 15.6 HIPproxyfor legacyhosts. Installing and using HIP. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe technological progress in multi-carrier (MC) modulation led orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to become an important part of beyond 3G cellular mobile communication standards, including LTE and WiMAX. In addition, the flexibility offered by the spread spectrum (SS) and time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques motivated many researchers to investigate several MC combined multiple access schemes, such as MC-CDMA, OFDMA and MC-TDMA. These schemes benefit from the advantages of each sub-system and offer high flexibility, high spectral efficiency, simple detection strategies and narrow-band interference rejection capability. Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems is one of the first books to describe and analyze the basic concepts of multi-carrier OFDM transmission and its combination with spread spectrum (MC-CDMA). The different architectures and detection strategies as well as baseband-related transceiver components are explained. This includes topics Table of ContentsForeword. Preface (Second Edition). Preface (First Edition). Acknowledgments. Introduction. 1. Fundamentals. 1.1 Radio Channel Characteristics. 1.2 Multi-Carrier Transmission. 1.3 Spread Spectrum Techniques. 1.4 Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum. 1.5 References. 2. MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMA. 2.1 MC-CDMA. 2.2 MC-DS-CDMA. 2.3 References. 3. Hybrid Multiple Access Schemes. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Multi-Carrier FDMA. 3.3 Multi-Carrier TDMA . 3.4 Ultra Wide Band Systems. 3.5 Comparison of Hybrid Multiple Access Schemes. 3.6 References. 4. Implementation Issues. 4.1 Multi-Carrier Modulation and Demodulation. 4.2 Synchronization. 4.3 Channel Estimation. 4.4 Channel Coding and Decoding. 4.5 Signal Constellation, Mapping, De-Mapping, and Equalization. 4.6 Adaptive Techniques in Multi-Carrier Transmission. 4.7 RF Issues. 4.8 References. 5. Applications. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE). 5.3 WiMAX. 5.4 Future Mobile Communications Concepts and Field Trials. 5.5 Wireless Local Area Networks. 5.6 Interaction Channel for DVB-T: DVB-RCT. 6. Additional Techniques for Capacity and Flexibility Enhancement. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 MIMO Overview. 6.3 Diversity Techniques for Multi-Carrier Transmission. 6.4 Spatial Pre-Coding for Multi-Carrier transmission. 6.5 Software-Defined Radio. References. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Symbols. Definitions. Abbreviations. Symbols. Index.

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Book SynopsisDescribes several proven techniques that have helped people get ahead and stay there. Provides excellent guidelines on managing your career, obtaining promotions and setting long range goals. Advancing in product-oriented and functional matrix organizations, determining how job performance is measured in your company, how to find and develop good mentors, generating career advancing ideas, understanding what occurs during takeovers, mergers and work force reductions are among the topics covered.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Are You in Control of Your Career?. The Company Structure--Is It Working for or Against You?. The Engineering Process in Your Company--Learning the Ropes. Getting the Most from Your Company's Educational System. Using the Company's Job Opening System to Your Benefit. Determining the Formal and Informal Criteria by Which You AreJudged. How to Find and Develop a Good Mentor. The Importance of Maintaining a Company Calendar. Getting People to Accept Your Ideas. The Value of Visibility--How to Get It and Use It. Getting on the Fast Track for Advancement. Summary. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis title provides an integrated treatment of continuous-time and discrete-time forms of signals and systems intended to reflect their roles in engineering practice.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 2. Time-Domain Representations of Linear Time-Invariant Systems. Chapter 3. Fourier Representations of Signals and Linear Time Invariant Systems. Chapter 4. Applications of Fourier Representations to Mixed Signal Classes. Chapter 5. Application to Communication Systems. Chapter 6. Representing Signals by Using Continuous-Time Complex Exponentials: The Laplace Transform. Chapter 7. Representing Signals by Using Discrete-Time Complex Exponentials: The z-Transform. Chapter 8. Application to Filters and Equalizers. Chapter 9. Application to Linear Feedback Systems. Chapter 10. Epilogue. Appendix A: Selected Mathematical Identities. Appendix B: Partial-Fraction Expansions. Appendix C: Tables of Fourier Representations and Properties. Appendix D: Tables of Laplace Transforms and Properties. Appendix E: Tables of z-Transforms and Properties.Appendix F: Introduction to MATLAB.Index.

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Book SynopsisWith communications technologies rapidly expanding, the traditional separation of electronic circuits and antenna systems design is no longer feasible. This book covers various design approaches applicable to integrated circuit-antenna modules with the goal of placing the antenna, transmitter, and receiver all on a single chip. It emphasizes analysis and design involving the integration of circuit functions with radiating elements and addresses trends in systems miniaturization.Trade Review"...an important book at this stage in the integrated circuit-antenna module era...an excellent book that is well documented with extensive references. It is recommended for all academic engineering libraries." (E-Streams, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2001)Table of ContentsReview of CAD Process (K. Gupta & P. Hall). Circuit Simulator Based Methods (P. Hall, et al.). Multiport Network Method (K. Gupta & R. Parrikar). Full Wave Analysis in the Frequency Domain (R. Gillard, et al.). Full Wave Electromagnetic Analysis in the Time Domain (Y. Qian & T. Itoh). Phase-Locking Dynamics in Integrated Antenna Arrays (R. York). Analysis and Design of Oscillator Grids and Arrays (W. Shiroma, et al.). Analysis and Design Considerations for Monolithic Microwave Circuit Transmit-Receive (T-R) Modules (L. Whicker). Integrated Transmit-Receive Circuit-Antenna Modules for Radio on Fibre Systems (H. Ghafouri-Shiraz). Conclusions (P. Hall & K. Gupta).

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Book SynopsisA practical guide to using the TMS320C31 DSP Starter Kit With applications and demand for high-performing digital signalprocessors expanding rapidly, it is becoming increasingly importantfor today''s students and practicing engineers to master real-timedigital signal processing (DSP) techniques. Digital Signal Processing: Laboratory Experiments Using C and theTMS320C31 DSK offers users a practical--and economicalm--approachto understanding DSP principles, designs, and applications.Demonstrating Texas Instruments'' (TI) state-of-the-art, low-pricedDSP Starter Kit (DSK), this book clearly illustrates and integratespractical aspects of real-time DSP implementation techniques andcomplex DSP concepts into lab exercises and experiments. TI''sTMS320C31 digital signal processor provides substantial performancebenefits for designs that have floating-point capabilitiessupported by high-level language compilers. Most chapters begin with a theoretical discussion followedTable of ContentsDigital Signal Processing Development System. Architecture and Instruction Set of the TMS320C3x Processor. Input and Output with the DSK. Finite Impulse Response Filters. Infinite Impulse Response Filters. Fast Fourier Transform. Adaptive Filters. DSP Applications and Projects. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisPart of a series in junction with NASA which takes communications technology to the farthest reaches of space, this book focuses on an array of technologies and concepts developed to support radio navigation on interplanetary spacecraft.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 2. Earth-Based Tracking and Navigation Overview. Chapter 3. Range and Doppler Tracking Observables. Chapter 4. VLBI Tracking Observables. Chapter 5. Future Directions in Radiometric Tracking. Glossary. Acronyms.

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Book SynopsisCommunication Patterns of Engineers examines how engineers communicate and explore the factors that affect their communication choices. It identifies differences in communication among engineering specialities. It also explains how their information use affects their work and how the best engineers use information resources.Trade Review"…this book is highly recommended for library and information science libraries and engineering special and academic libraries." (E-STREAMS, July 2004) "…a mountain of research. Virtually every paragraph contains foods for thought. If you want a broad view of engineering communication…I highly recommend this book." (Computing Reviews.com, June 22, 2004) “...looks at all aspects of engineering communication, including how much time engineers spend reading for their jobs and the kind of information they produce as a result of their work.” (The Institute, January 7, 2004)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Introduction. Communication Models. An Engineers' Communication Framework. The Engineering Profession and Communication. Information Seeking and Use. Information Output by Engineers. Engineering Education and Communication Skills. The Engineering Scholarly Journal Channel. Engineering Communication Patterns Compared with Science and Medicine. The NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisPuts a wealth of speech analysis tools at your fingertips and allows the reader to gain good intuitive sense of how modern speech coders work. Covers all the basic approaches found in speech coding and describes the algorithms in both simple parametric terms and complete equation form. The book is packed with exercises and projects for hands-on experimentation with algorithms. Plus, the accompanying user-friendly, graphical interface software helps to develop a practical, intuitive sense of how modern speech coders work.Table of ContentsDSPLAB: The DSP Laboratory Software. Quantization: PCM and APCM. Waveform Coding with Fixed Prediction. Pitch-excited Linear Predictive Vocoder. Waveform Coding with Adaptive Prediction. Analysis-by-Synthesis LPC. Subband Coding. Projects. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisOffers discussion on the theories and principles behind communications systems. This book emphasizes the statistical underpinnings of communication theory. It guides readers through topics ranging from pulse modulation and passband digital transmission to random processes and error-control coding. It includes treatment of digital communications.Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Representation of Signals and Systems 3. Continuous-Wave Modulation 4. Random Processes 5. Noise in CW Modulation Systems 6. Pulse Modulation 7. Baseband Pulse Transmission 8. Digital Passband Transmission 9. Spread-Spectrum Modulation 10. Fundamental Limits in Information Theory 11. Error Control Coding 12. Advanced Communication Systems Appendix 1-Speech and Television as Sources of Information Appendix 2- Fourier Series Appendix 3- Time-Frequency Analysis Appendix 4- Bessel Functions Appendix 5- Shwarz's Inequality Appendix 6- Noise Figure Appendix 7- Error Function Appendix 8-Statistical Characterization of Complex Random Processes Appendix 9- Binary Arithmetic Appendix 10- Crytography Appendix 11- Mathematical Tables Glossary Abbrevations Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology is an active cross disciplinary research topic involving all the physical sciences. There are approximately 20,000 researchers active in the field. Courses are starting at most universities, generally at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels.Trade Review"For scientists and researchers interested in learning the technical aspects of nanotechnology, this book will be a preferred choice." (IEEE Circuits & Devices Magazine, September/October 2006) "…provides a thought-provoking perspective on how nanotechnology is poised to revolutionize the telecommunications, computing, and networking industries." (IEEE Computer, January 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. About the Author. 1. What is Nanotechnology and What Are the Business Application. 1.1 Introduction and Scope. 1.2 Present Course of Investigation. 2. Basic Nanotechnology Science-Physics. 2.1 Approach and Scope. 2.2 Basic Science. 2.3 Basic Properties of Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors. 2.4 Basic Properties of Silicon and Basic of Transistor Operations. 2.5 Conclusion. 3. Basic Nanotechnology Science-Chemistry. 3.1 Introduction and Background. 3.2 Basic Chemistry Concepts. 3.3 Conclusion. 4. Nanotubes, Nanomaterials, and Nanomaterial Processing. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Basic Nanostructures. 4.3 Manufacturing Techniques. 4.4 System Design. 4.5 Conclusion. 5. Nanophotonics. 5.1 Introduction and Background: A Plethora of Opportunities. 5.2 General Photonics Trends. 5.3 Basic Nanophotonics. 5.4 Photonic Crystals. 5.5 Telecom Applications of Photonic Crystals. 5.6 Plasmonics. 5.7 Advanced Topics. 5.8 Conclusions. 6. Nanoelectronics. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Overview of Basic Nanoelectronic Technologies. 6.3 Additional Details on Nanoelectronic Systems. 6.4 Conclusion. Appendix A: Historical Developments Related to Atomic Theory and Additrional Perspectives. Appendix B. Brief Introduction to Hilbert Spaces. Appendix C: Reference Information. Appendix D: Basic Nanotechnology Science—Quantum Physics. Appendix E: Mechanical Molecular Models and Quantum Aspects of Chemistry. Appendix F: Basic Molecular/Nanotechnology Intsrumentation. Appendix G: Quantum Computing. Glossary. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis landmark book begins with the premise that an organization must often fundamentally transform its business practices and organizational culture to fully align with and realize the value of product and process innovations.Trade Review"…I commend the editor and contributors for creating a useful and timely collection of materials concerning transformation for students and managers." (Computing Reviews.com, September 18, 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. PART I: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSFORMATION. 1. Introduction & Overview (W. Rouse). 2. Enterprises as Systems (W. Rouse). 3. A Theory of Enterprise Transformation (W. Rouse). PART II: ELEMENTS OF TRANSFORMATION. 4. Transformational Leadership (W. George). 5. Organization and Culture Change (J. Shields). 6. Manufacturing and Enterprise Transformation (L. McGinnis). 7. Transformation in the Logistics Industry (C. White & D. Belman). 8. Services Management (B. Schneider). 9. Value-Centered R&D (W. Rouse & K. Boff). 10. Six Sigma Quality (T. Dasgupta & C. Wu). 11. Enterprise IT and Transformation (R. Basole & R. DeMillo). PART III: TRANSFORMATION PRACTICES. 12. Turnaround Planning and Execution (S. Avila & M. Barbeau). 13. Financing in a Crisis (M. Tennenbaum). 14. Transformation and Chapter 11 Reorganization Process (P. Aronzon & T. Kreller). 15. Tax Issues in Crisis (J. Schwartzman & S. Joffe). 16. Public Relations in Crisis (M. Sitrick). 17. Lessons From the Transformation Front (W. Buran & B. Chew). PART IV: TRANSFORMATION CASE STUDIES. 18. Newell Rubbermaid (W. Sovey). 19. The Transformation of Reebok (D. Garcia & D. Perdue). 20. Lockheed Martin Aeronautics (W. Kessler & R. Heath). 21. Doing Well by Doing Good (L. Toktay, et al.). 22. Transformation in Academia W. Rouse & D. Garcia). Organization Index. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisAn essential guide to CMMI(r)-SW documentation The CMMI(r)-SW, a compendium of recommended requirements for software engineering, promotes the continuous evolution of improved software and system engineering processes.

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Book SynopsisProfessional experts and students will gain an in-depth understanding and appreciation for the breadth of coverage of IEEE standards terms and definitions.

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Book SynopsisFRONTIERS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS is the first all-in-one resource to bring in-depth original papers on today's major advances in long-standing electromagnetics problems. Highly regarded editors Douglas H.Table of ContentsPreface. List of Contributors. GEOMETRY, TOPOLOGY, AND GROUPS. Fractal Electrodynamics: Surfaces and Superlattices (D. Jaggard, et al.). Fractal-Shaped Antennas (C. Puente, et al.). The Theory and Design of Fractal Antenna Arrays (D. Werner, et al.). Target Symmetry and the Scattering Dyadic (C. Baum). Complementary Structures in Two Dimensions (C. Baum). Topology in Electromagnetics (G. Marsh). The Electrodynamics of Torus Knots (D. Werner). OPTIMIZATION AND ESTIMATION. Biological Beamforming (R. Haupt, et al.). Model-Order Reduction in Electromagnetics Using Model-Based Parameter Estimation (E. Miller & T. Sarkar). Adaptive Decomposition in Electromagnetics (J. Burns & N. Subotic). ANALYTICAL METHODS. Lommel Expansions in Electromagnetics (D. Werner). Fractional Paradigm in Electromagnetic Theory (N. Engheta). Spherical-Multipole Analysis in Electromagnetics (S. Blume & L. Klinkenbusch). NUMERICAL METHODS. A Systematic Study of Perfectly Matched Absorbers (M. Kuzuoglu & R. Mittra). Fast Calculation of Interconnect Capacitances Using the Finite Difference Model Applied in Conjunction with the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) Approach for Mesh Truncation (V. Veremey & R. Mittra). Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methodologies for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Complex Media (J. Young). A New Computational Electromagnetics Method Based on Discrete Mathematics (R. Diaz, et al.). Artificial Bianisotropic Composites (F. Mariotte, et al.). Index. About the Editors.

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