Electronics and communications engineering Books

Book SynopsisThe skills and guidance needed to master RTL hardware design This book teaches readers how to systematically design efficient, portable, and scalable Register Transfer Level (RTL) digital circuits using the VHDL hardware description language and synthesis software. Focusing on the module-level design, which is composed of functional units, routing circuit, and storage, the book illustrates the relationship between the VHDL constructs and the underlying hardware components, and shows how to develop codes that faithfully reflect the module-level design and can be synthesized into efficient gate-level implementation. Several unique features distinguish the book: * Coding style that shows a clear relationship between VHDL constructs and hardware components * Conceptual diagrams that illustrate the realization of VHDL codes * Emphasis on the code reuse * Practical examples that demonstrate and reinforce design concepts, procedures, and technTable of ContentsPreface. Acknowlegmentss. 1. Introduction to Digital System Design. 2. Overview on Hardware Description Language. 3. Basic Language Constructs of VHDL. 4. Concurrent Signal Assignment Statements of VHDL. 5. Sequential Statements of VHDL. 6. Synthesis of VHDL Code. 7. Combinational Circuit Design: Practice. 8. Sequential Circuit Design: Principle. 9. Sequential Circuit Design: Practice. 10. Finite State Machine: Princple and Practice. 11. Register Transfer Methodology: Principle. 12. Register Transfer Methodology: Practice. 13. Hierarchical Design in VHDL. 14. Parameterized Design: Principle. 15. Parameterized Design: Practice. 16. Clock and Synchronization: Principle and Practice. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisLearn how to study, analyze, select, and design a successful mechatronic product This innovative, cutting-edge publication presents the essential nature of mechatronics, a field at the crossroads of information technology and mechanical and electrical engineering.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction. 1.1 A personal view. 1.2 What is and is not mechatronics. 2. The bare essentials. 2.1 Actuators. 2.2 Sensors. 2.3 Sensors for vision. 2.4 The computer. 2.5 Interface electronics for output. 2.6 Interface electronics for input. 2.7 Pragmatic control. 2.8 Robotics and kinematics. 3. Gaining Experience. 3.1 Getting to grips with QBasic. 3.2 The simplest mobile robot. 3.3 Ball and beam. 3.4 'Professional' position control. 3.5 An inverted pendulum. 4. Introduction to the Next Level. 4.1 The www.EssMech.com web site. 5. Electronic Design. 5.1 The rudiments of circuit theory. 5.2 The operational amplifier. 5.3 Filters for sensors. 5.4 Logic and latches. 6. Essential Control Theory. 6.1 State variables. 6.2 Simulation. 6.3 Solving the first-order equation. 6.4 Second order problems. 6.5 Modeling position control. 6.6 Matrix state equations. 6.7 Analogue simulation. 6.8 More formal computer simulation. 7. Vectors, Matrices and Tensors. 7.1 Meet the matrix. 7.2 More on vectors. 7.3 Matrix multiplication. 7.4 Transposition of matrices. 7.5 The unit matrix. 7.6 Coordinate transformations. 7.7 Matrices, notation and computing. 7.8 Eigenvectors. 8. Mathematics for Control. 8.1 Differential equations. 8.2 The Laplace transform. 8.3 Difference equations. 8.4 The z-transform. 8.5 Correlation and convolution. 9. Robotics, Dynamics and Kinematics. 9.1 Gears, motors and mechanisms. 9.2 Three dimensional motion. 9.2 Kinematic Chains. 9.3 Robot dynamics. 9.4 Simulating a robot. 10. Further Control Theory. 10.1 Control topology and non-linear systems. 10.2 Phase-plane methods. 10.3 Optimisation. 11. Computer Implementation. 11.1 Essentials of computing. 11.2 Software implications. 11.3 Embedded processors. 12. Machine Vision. 12.1 Vision sensors. 12.2 Acquiring an image. 12.3 Analyzing an image. 13. Case Studies. 13.1 Robocow - a mobile robot for training horses. 13.2 Vision guidance for tractors. 13.3 A shape recognition example. 14. The Human Element. 14.1 The user interface. 14.2 If all else fails, read the instructions. 14.3 It just takes imagination. Index.

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Book SynopsisDelivering the best possible solution for phase noise and output power efficiency in oscillators This complete and thorough analysis of microwave oscillators investigates all aspects of design, with particular emphasis on operating conditions, choice of resonators and transistors, phase noise, and output power. It covers both bipolar transistors and FETs. Following the authors'' guidance, readers learn how to design microwave oscillators and VCOs that can be tuned over a very wide frequency range, yet have good phase noise, are low cost, and are small in size. All the essential topics in oscillator design and development are covered, including: * Device and resonator technology * Study of noise sources * Analysis methods * Design, calculation, and optimization methodologies * Practical design of single and coupled oscillators While most of the current literature in the field concentrates on classic design strategies based on measurements, simulTrade Review"…this is a text worth having." (Microwaves & RF Update Newsletter, June 9, 2005)Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Biographies. 1. Introduction. 2. General Comments on Oscillators. 3. Teransistor Models. 4. Large-Signal S-Parameters. 5. Resonator Choices. 6. General Theory of Oscillators. 7. Noise in Oscillators. 8. Calculation and Optimization of Phase Noise in Oscillators. 9. Validation Circuits. 10. Systems of Coupled Oscillators. 11. Validation Circuits for Wideband Coupled Resonator VCOs. 12. References. Appendix A: Design of an Oscillator Using Large Signal S-Paramenters. Appendix B: Design Example for Large Signal Design Based on Bessel Functions. Appendix C: Design Example for Best Phase Noise and Good Output Power. Appendix D: A Complete Analytical Approach For Designing Efficient Microwave EFT and Bipolar Oscillators. Appendix E: CAD Solution for Calculating Phase Noise in Oscillators. Appendix F: General Noise Presentation. Appendix G: Calculation of Noise Properties of Bipolar Transistors and EFTs. Appendix H: Noise Analysis of the N-Coupled Oscillator Coupled Through Different Coupling Topologies. Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents the readers with the myriad of developments in wireless communications.Table of ContentsPreface xi Part I Introduction to Wireless Networks 1 1 Overview of Wireless Networks 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Network Architecture and Design Issues 6 1.3 Key Trends in Wireless Networking 20 1.4 Outline of the Book 21 Questions 22 2 Evolution of the Wireless Industry 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Three Views of the Wireless Industry 29 2.3 Three Generations of Cellular Networks 32 2.4 Trends in Wireless Technologies 43 Questions 49 Part II Characteristics of Radio Propagation 51 3 Characterization of Radio Propagation 53 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Multipath Fading and the Distance–Power Relationship 55 3.3 Local Movements and Doppler Shift 64 3.4 Multipath for Wideband Signals 66 3.5 Classical Uncorrelated Scattering Model 72 3.6 Indoor and Urban Radio Propagation Modeling 81 Questions 86 Problems 87 Projects 89 4 Modeling and Simulation of Narrowband Signal Characteristics 93 4.1 Introduction 93 4.2 Modeling Path Loss and Slow Shadow Fading 96 4.3 Doppler Spectrum of Fast Envelope Fading 110 4.4 Statistical Behavior of Fast Envelope Fading 122 4.5 Simulation of Fast Envelope Fading 126 Questions 133 Problems 134 Projects 137 5 Measurement of Wideband and UWB Channel Characteristics 149 5.1 Introduction 149 5.2 Time-Domain Measurement Techniques 151 5.3 Frequency-Domain Measurement Techniques 171 5.4 Advances in Frequency-Domain Channel Measurement 180 Questions 197 Problems 198 Project 200 6 Modeling of Wideband Radio Channel Characteristics 205 6.1 Introduction 206 6.2 Wideband Time-Domain Statistical Modeling 208 6.3 Wideband Frequency-Domain Channel Modeling 234 6.4 Comparison Between Statistical Models 243 6.5 Ray-Tracing Algorithms 245 6.6 Direct Solution of Radio Propagation Equations 261 6.7 Comparison of Deterministic and Statistical Modeling 263 6.8 Site-Specific Statistical Model 265 Appendix 6A: GSM-Recommended Multipath Propagation Models 270 Appendix 6B: Wideband Multipath Propagation Models 272 Questions 274 Problems 275 Projects 277 Part III Modem Design 279 7 Narrowband Modem Technology 281 7.1 Introduction 282 7.2 Basic Modulation Techniques 284 7.3 Theoretical Limits and Practical Impairments 307 7.4 Traditional Modems for Wide-Area Wireless Networks 312 7.5 Other Aspects of Modem Implementation 328 Questions 335 Problems 336 Projects 338 8 Fading Diversity and Coding 341 8.1 Introduction 341 8.2 Radio Communication on Flat Rayleigh Fading Channels 343 8.3 Diversity Combining 347 8.4 Error-Control Coding for Wireless Channels 353 8.5 Space-Time Coding 363 8.6 MIMO and STC 365 Questions 372 Problems 372 Projects 374 9 Broadband Modem Technologies 377 9.1 Introduction 378 9.2 Effects of Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading 380 9.3 Discrete Multipath Fading Channel Model 384 9.4 Adaptive Discrete Matched Filter 389 9.5 Adaptive Equalization 393 9.6 Sectored Antennas 405 9.7 Multicarrier OFDM and Frequency Diversity 411 9.8 Comparison of Traditional Broadband Modems 421 9.9 MIMO in Frequency-Selective Fading 423 Appendix 9A: Analysis of the Equalizers 425 Questions 428 Problems 429 Projects 431 10 Spread-Spectrum and CDMA Technology 435 10.1 Introduction 435 10.2 Principles of Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum 439 10.3 Principles of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum 444 10.4 Interference in Spread-Spectrum Systems 464 10.5 Performance of CDMA Systems 476 Questions 494 Problems 495 Part IV Systems Aspects 499 11 Topology Medium Access and Performance 501 11.1 Introduction 501 11.2 Topologies for Local Networks 503 11.3 Cellular Topology for Wide-Area Networks 506 11.4 Centrally Controlled Assigned Access Methods 521 11.5 Distributed Contention-Based Access Control 537 Questions 572 Problems 573 Project 576 12 Ultrawideband Communications 581 12.1 Introduction 581 12.2 UWB Channel Characteristics 584 12.3 Impulse Radio and Time-Hopping Access 589 12.4 Direct-Sequence UWB 595 12.5 Multiband OFDM 599 Questions 603 Problems 604 13 RF Location Sensing 607 13.1 Introduction 607 13.2 RF Location-Sensing Techniques 611 13.3 Modeling The Behavior of RF Sensors 619 13.4 Wireless Positioning Algorithms 626 Questions 636 Problems 637 14 Wireless Optical Networks 639 14.1 Introduction 639 14.2 Implementation 641 14.3 Eye Safety 643 14.4 IR Channel Characterization and Data-Rate Limitations 644 14.5 Modulation Techniques for Optical Communications 653 14.6 Multiple Access and Data Rate 659 Questions 661 15 Systems and Standards 663 15.1 Introduction 663 15.2 GSM GPRS and EDGE 664 15.3 CDMA and HDR 674 15.4 Other Historical Systems 679 15.5 Wireless LANs 682 15.6 Speech Coding in Wireless Systems 685 Questions 687 References 689 Index 713 About the Authors 721

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive guide to the latest in phased array antenna analysis and design--the Floquet modal based approach This comprehensive book offers an extensive presentation of a new methodology for phased array antenna analysis based on Floquet modal expansion.Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Phased Array Fundamentals: Pattern Analysis and Synthesis. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Array Fundamentals. 1.3 Pencil Beam Array. 1.4 Linear Array Synthesis. 1.5 Planar Aperture Synthesis. 1.6 Discretization of Continuous Sources. 1.7 Summary. References. Bibliography. Problems. 2 Introduction to Floquet Modes in Infinite Arrays. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Fourier Spectrum and Floquet Series. 2.3 Floquet Excitations and Floquet Modes. 2.4 Two-Dimensional Floquet Excitation. 2.5 Grating Beams from Geometrical Optics. 2.6 Floquet Mode and Guided Mode. 2.7 Summary. References. Problems. 3 Floquet Modal Functions. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 TEz and TMz Floquet Vector Modal Functions. 3.3 Infinite Array of Electric Surface Current on Dielectric-Coated Ground Plane. 3.4 Determination of Blind Angles. 3.5 Active Element Pattern. 3.6 Array of Rectangular Horn Apertures. References. Bibliography. Problems. 4 Finite Array Analysis Using Infinite Array Results: Mutual Coupling Formulation. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Symmetry Property of Floquet Impedance. 4.3 Mutual Coupling. 4.4 Array of Multimodal Sources. 4.5 Mutual Coupling in Two-Dimensional Arrays. 4.6 Active Input Impedance of Finite Array. 4.7 Active Return Loss of Open-Ended Waveguide Array. 4.8 Radiation Patterns of Finite Array. 4.9 Radiation Patterns of Open-Ended Waveguide Array. 4.10 Array with Nonuniform Spacing. 4.11 Finite Array Analysis Using Convolution. References. Bibliography. Problems. 5 Array of Subarrays. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Subarray Analysis. 5.3 Subarray with Arbitrary Number of Elements. 5.4 Subarrays with Arbitrary Grids. 5.5 Subarray and Grating Lobes. 5.6 Active Subarray Patterns. 5.7 Four-Element Subarray Fed by Power Divider. 5.8 Subarray Blindness. 5.9 Concluding Remarks. References. Bibliography. Problems. 6 GSM Approach for Multilayer Array Structures. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 GSM Approach. 6.3 GSM Cascading Rule. 6.4 Transmission Matrix Representation. 6.5 Building Blocks for GSM Analysis. 6.6 Equivalent Impedance Matrix of Patch Layer. 6.7 Stationary Character of MoM Solutions. 6.8 Convergence of MoM Solutions. 6.9 Advantages of GSM Approach. 6.10 Other Numerical Methods. References. Bibliography. Problems. 7 Analysis of Microstrip Patch Arrays. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Probe-Fed Patch Array. 7.3 EMC Patch Array. 7.4 Slot-Fed Patch Array. 7.5 Stripline-Fed Slot-Coupled Array. 7.6 Finite Patch Array. References. Bibliography. Problems. 8 Array of Waveguide Horns. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Linearly Flared Horn Array. 8.3 Grazing Lobes and Pattern Nulls. 8.4 Surface and Leaky Waves in an Array. 8.4.1 Surface Wave. 8.5 Wide-Angle Impedance Matching. 8.6 Multimodal Rectangular/Square Horn Elements. 8.7 Multimodal Circular Horn Elements. References. Bibliography. Problems. 9 Frequency-Selective Surface, Polarizer, and Reflect-Array Analysis. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Frequency-Selective Surface. 9.3 Screen Polarizer. 9.4 Printed Reflect Array. References. Bibliography. Problems. 10 Multilayer Array Analysis with Different Periodicities and Cell Orientations. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Layers with Different Periodicities: Rectangular Lattice. 10.3 Nonparallel Cell Orientations: Rectangular Lattice. 10.4 Layers with Arbitrary Lattice Structures. 10.5 Summary. References. Bibliography. Problems. 11 Shaped-Beam Array Design: Optimization Algorithms. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Array Size: Linear Array. 11.3 Element Size. 11.4 Pattern Synthesis Using Superposition (Woodward’s Method). 11.5 Gradient Search Algorithm. 11.6 Conjugate Match Algorithm. 11.7 Successive Projection Algorithm. 11.8 Other Optimization Algorithms. 11.9 Design Guidelines of a Shaped Beam Array. References. Bibliography. Problems. 12 Beam Forming Networks in Multiple-Beam Arrays. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 BFN Using Power Dividers. 12.3 Butler Matrix Beam Former. 12.4 Blass Matrix BFN. 12.5 Rotman Lens. 12.6 Digital Beam Former. 12.7 Optical Beam Formers. References. Bibliography. Problems. 13 Active Phased Array Antenna. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Active Array Block Diagrams. 13.3 Aperture Design of Array. 13.4 Solid State Power Amplifier. 13.5 Phase Shifter. 13.6 Intermodulation Product. 13.7 Noise Temperature and Noise Figure of Antenna Subsystems. 13.8 Active Array System Analysis. 13.9 Active Array Calibration. 13.10 Concluding Remarks. References. Bibliography. Problems. 14 Statistical Analysis of Phased Array Antenna. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Array Pattern. 14.3 Statistics of R and I. 14.4 Probability Density Function. 14.5 Confidence Limits. 14.6 Element Failure Analysis. 14.7 Concluding Remarks. References. Bibliography. Problems. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisBridges the gap between theory and practice by employing numerical examples based on real-life situations. This book uses only classical electrodynamics in dealing with the interaction of light with matter, except in the last chapter on quantum wells.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The Electromagnetic Field. Chapter 2. Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Matter. Chapter 3. Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves. Chapter 4. Optics of A Single Homogeneous and Isotropic Layer. Chapter 5. Matrix Formulation for Isotropic Layered Media. Chapter 6. Optics of Periodic Layered Media. Chapter 7. Some Applications of Isotropic Layered Media. Chapter 8. Inhomogeneous Layers. Chapter 9. Optics of Anisotropic Layered Media. Chapter 10. Some Applications of Anisotropic Layered Media. Chapter 11. Guided Waves in Layered Media. Chapter 12. Optics of Semiconductor Quantum Wells and Superlattice Structures. Appendix: Zeros of Mode Dispersion RElation. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisExtending beyond the classic approach by focusing on more advanced, accurate, and realistic models, this book investigates the concepts and techniques of task scheduling by developing a consistent and unifying theoretical framework.Trade Review"The theoretical framework presented and the realistic parallel computing issues make reading this book worthwhile." (Computing Reviews.com, October 1, 2007)Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Organization 5 2. Parallel Systems and Programming 7 2.1 Parallel Architectures 7 2.1.1 Flynn’s Taxonomy 7 2.1.2 Memory Architectures 9 2.1.3 Programming Paradigms and Models 11 2.2 Communication Networks 13 2.2.1 Static Networks 13 2.2.2 Dynamic Networks 18 2.3 Parallelization 22 2.4 Subtask Decomposition 24 2.4.1 Concurrency and Granularity 24 2.4.2 Decomposition Techniques 25 2.4.3 Computation Type and Program Formulation 27 2.4.4 Parallelization Techniques 28 2.4.5 Target Parallel System 28 2.5 Dependence Analysis 29 2.5.1 Data Dependence 29 2.5.2 Data Dependence in Loops 32 2.5.3 Control Dependence 35 2.6 Concluding Remarks 36 2.7 Exercises 37 3. Graph Representations 40 3.1 Basic Graph Concepts 40 3.1.1 Computer Representation of Graphs 43 3.1.2 Elementary Graph Algorithms 46 3.2 Graph as a Program Model 49 3.2.1 Computation and Communication Costs 50 3.2.2 Comparison Criteria 50 3.3 Dependence Graph (DG) 51 3.3.1 Iteration Dependence Graph 53 3.3.2 Summary 55 3.4 Flow Graph (FG) 56 3.4.1 Data-Driven Execution Model 60 3.4.2 Summary 61 3.5 Task Graph (DAG) 62 3.5.1 Graph Transformations and Conversions 64 3.5.2 Motivations and Limitations 68 3.5.3 Summary 69 3.6 Concluding Remarks 69 3.7 Exercises 70 4. Task Scheduling 74 4.1 Fundamentals 74 4.2 With Communication Costs 76 4.2.1 Schedule Example 81 4.2.2 Scheduling Complexity 82 4.3 Without Communication Costs 86 4.3.1 Schedule Example 87 4.3.2 Scheduling Complexity 88 4.4 Task Graph Properties 92 4.4.1 Critical Path 93 4.4.2 Node Levels 95 4.4.3 Granularity 101 4.5 Concluding Remarks 105 4.6 Exercises 105 5. Fundamental Heuristics 108 5.1 List Scheduling 108 5.1.1 Start Time Minimization 111 5.1.2 With Dynamic Priorities 114 5.1.3 Node Priorities 115 5.2 Scheduling with Given Processor Allocation 118 5.2.1 Phase Two 119 5.3 Clustering 119 5.3.1 Clustering Algorithms 121 5.3.2 Linear Clustering 124 5.3.3 Single Edge Clustering 128 5.3.4 List Scheduling as Clustering 135 5.3.5 Other Algorithms 138 5.4 From Clustering to Scheduling 139 5.4.1 Assigning Clusters to Processors 139 5.4.2 Scheduling on Processors 141 5.5 Concluding Remarks 141 5.6 Exercises 142 6. Advanced Task Scheduling 145 6.1 Insertion Technique 145 6.1.1 List Scheduling with Node Insertion 148 6.2 Node Duplication 150 6.2.1 Node Duplication Heuristics 153 6.3 Heterogeneous Processors 154 6.3.1 Scheduling 157 6.4 Complexity Results 158 6.4.1 α|β|γ Classification 158 6.4.2 Without Communication Costs 165 6.4.3 With Communication Costs 165 6.4.4 With Node Duplication 168 6.4.5 Heterogeneous Processors 170 6.5 Genetic Algorithms 170 6.5.1 Basics 171 6.5.2 Chromosomes 172 6.5.3 Reproduction 177 6.5.4 Selection, Complexity, and Flexibility 180 6.6 Concluding Remarks 182 6.7 Exercises 183 7. Communication Contention in Scheduling 187 7.1 Contention Awareness 188 7.1.1 End-Point Contention 189 7.1.2 Network Contention 190 7.1.3 Integrating End-Point and Network Contention 192 7.2 Network Model 192 7.2.1 Topology Graph 192 7.2.2 Routing 198 7.2.3 Scheduling Network Model 202 7.3 Edge Scheduling 203 7.3.1 Scheduling Edge on Route 204 7.3.2 The Edge Scheduling 208 7.4 Contention Aware Scheduling 209 7.4.1 Basics 209 7.4.2 NP-Completeness 211 7.5 Heuristics 216 7.5.1 List Scheduling 216 7.5.2 Priority Schemes—Task Graph Properties 219 7.5.3 Clustering 220 7.5.4 Experimental Results 221 7.6 Concluding Remarks 223 7.7 Exercises 224 8. Processor Involvement in Communication 228 8.1 Processor Involvement—Types and Characteristics 229 8.1.1 Involvement Types 229 8.1.2 Involvement Characteristics 232 8.1.3 Relation to LogP and Its Variants 236 8.2 Involvement Scheduling 238 8.2.1 Scheduling Edges on the Processors 240 8.2.2 Node and Edge Scheduling 246 8.2.3 Task Graph 247 8.2.4 NP-Completeness 248 8.3 Algorithmic Approaches 250 8.3.1 Direct Scheduling 251 8.3.2 Scheduling with Given Processor Allocation 254 8.4 Heuristics 257 8.4.1 List Scheduling 257 8.4.2 Two-Phase Heuristics 261 8.4.3 Experimental Results 263 8.5 Concluding Remarks 264 8.6 Exercises 265 Bibliography 269 Author Index 281 Subject Index 285

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the new and important technology of asymmetric passive components for miniaturized microwave passive circuits. The asymmetric design methods and ideas set forth by the author are groundbreaking and have not been treated in previous works.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Asymmetric Passive Components. 1.2 Circuit Parameters. 1.3 Asymmetric Four-Port Hybrids. 1.4 Asymmetric Three-Port Power Dividers. 1.5 Asymmetric Two-Port Components. References. 2. Circuit Parameters. 2.1 Scattering Matrix. 2.2 Scattering Parameters of Reduced Multiports. 2.3 Two-Port Network Analysis Using Scattering Parameters. 2.4 Other Circuit Parameters. 2.5 Analyses of Symmetric Networks. 2.6 Analyses with Image Parameters. Exercises. References. 3. Conventional Ring Hybrids. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Original Concept of the 3-dB Ring Hybrid. 3.3 Conventional Ring Hybrids. 3.4 Conventional 3-dB Uniplanar Ring Hybrids. Exercises. References. 4. Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Derivation of Design Equations of Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 4.3 Small Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 4.4 Wideband or Small Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 4.5 Miniaturized Ring Hybrids Terminated in Arbitrary Impedances. Exercises. References. 5. Asymmetric Branch-Line Hybrids. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Origin of Branch-Line Hybrids. 5.3 Multisection Branch-Line Couplers. 5.4 Branch-Line Hybrids for Impedance Transforming. 5.5 Asymmetric Four-Port Hybrids. Exercises. References. 6. Conventional Three-Port Power Dividers. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers. 6.3 Three-Port Power Dividers with Arbitrary Power Divisions. 6.4 Symmetric Analyses of Asymmetric Three-Port Power Dividers. 6.5 Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers Terminated in Complex Frequency-Dependent Impedances. 6.6 Three-Port 45◦ Power Divider/Combiner. Exercises. References. 7. Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers Terminated in Different Impedances. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Perfect Isolation Condition. 7.3 Analyses. 7.4 Scattering Parameters of Three-Port Power Dividers. 7.5 Lumped-Element Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers. 7.6 Coplanar Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers. Exercises. References. 8. General Design Equations for N-Way Arbitrary Power Dividers. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 General Design Equations for Three-Port Power Dividers. 8.3 General Design Equations for N-Way Power Dividers. Exercises. References. 9. Asymmetric Ring-Hybrid Phase Shifters and Attenuators. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Scattering Parameters of Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 9.3 Asymmetric Ring-Hybrid Phase Shifters. 9.4 Asymmetric Ring-Hybrid Attenuator with Phase Shifts. Exercises. References. 10. Ring Filters and Their Use in a New Measurement Technique for Inherent Ring-Resonance Frequency. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Ring Filters. 10.3 New Measurement Technique for Inherent Ring-Resonance Frequency. 10.4 Conclusions. Exercises. References. 11. Small Impedance Transformers, CVTs and CCTs, and Their Applications to Small Power Dividers and Ring Filters. 11.1 Small Transmission-Line Impedance Transformers. 11.2 Mathematical Approach for CVTs and CCTs. 11.3 CVT3PDs and CCT3PDs. 11.4 Asymmetric Three-Port 45◦ Power Divider Terminated in Arbitrary Impedances. 11.5 CVT and CCT Ring Filters. 11.5.1 Analyses of Ring Filters. Exercises. References. Appendix A: Symbols and Abbreviations. Appendix B: Conversion Matrices. Appendix C: Derivation of the Elements of a Small Asymmetric Ring Hybrid. Appendix D: Trigonometric Relations. Appendix E: Hyperbolic Relations. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents two recently developed knowledge areas that can significantly improve the management and the performance of business enterprise: System Science and Cybernetics and Key Performance Areas. Included in this book are advanced (and evolving) methods and technologies for planning and budgeting, creating and keeping customers, quality and productivity, innovation, improving organization capability, sustainability in the company''s social and ecological environments, and profitability-all integrated with this new viable systems model and system thinking.Trade Review"…recognized for its innovative and bold attempt to go beyond conventional theories of management." (Electric Review, June/July 2007)Table of ContentsForeword, Antoine D. Savary. Preface. Contributors for Chapter 3. 1. From System Science—A New Way to Structure and Manage the Company. 2. The Viable System Model (VSM). 3. How the Viable System Model Improves Performance — Reports on Five Applications. 4. Key Performance Areas That Determine Company Success. 5. The Viable System Model and Planning and Budgeting. 6. The Viable System Model and Creating and Keeping Customers. 7. The Viable System Model and Quality and Productivity. 8. The Viable System Model and Innovation. 9. The Viable System Model and Organization Capability. 10. The Viable System Model and Public and Environmental Responsibility. 11. The Viable System Model and Profitability. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn exciting new technology, described by the one who invented it This is the first book dedicated to cognitive radio, a promising new technology that is poised to revolutionize the telecommunications industry with increased wireless flexibility. Cognitive radio technology integrates computational intelligence into software-defined radio for embedded intelligent agents that adapt to RF environments and user needs. Using this technology, users can more fully exploit the radio spectrum and services available from wireless connectivity. For example, an attempt to send a 10MB e-mail in a zone where carrier charges are high might cause a cognitive radio to alert its user and suggest waiting until getting to the office to use the LAN instead. Cognitive Radio Architecture examines an ideal cognitive radio that features autonomous machine learning, computer vision, and spoken or written language perception. The author of this exciting new book is the inventor of the technology Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Perception 3 1.2 Aware, Adaptive, or Cognitive? 5 1.3 Adaptation 8 1.4 Cognition 10 1.5 Cognitive Radio and Public Policy 15 1.6 Are We There Yet? 16 1.7 Key Questions 18 1.8 Organization of the Text 19 1.9 Exercises 20 I Foundations 2 Technical Overview 25 2.1 The iCR Has Seven Capabilities 25 2.2 Sensing and Perception: What and Whom to Perceive 27 2.3 Ideal Cognitive Radio (iCR) Platform Evolution 41 2.4 The serModel of Machine Learning for iCR 47 2.5 Architecture 51 2.6 Synoptic iCR Functional Definition 56 2.7 Exercises 56 3 Evolving From Aware and Adaptive to Cognitive Radio 58 3.1 Revolution or Evolution? 58 3.2 Moving Day 59 3.3 Developing AML for Genie 62 3.4 Learning Etiquette 73 3.5 Value Proposition for AML in AACR 75 3.6 Exercises 79 4 Autonomous Machine Learning for AACR 80 4.1 Machine Learning Framework 80 4.2 Histogram as a Discovery Algorithm 85 4.3 User-Domain Learning 88 4.4 Radio-Domain Learning 97 4.5 Reinforcement, Extension, and Constraint Discovery 108 4.6 Learning Strategies 118 4.7 Exercises 121 5 Cognitive Radio Architecture 123 5.1 CRA I: Functions, Components, and Design Rules 124 5.2 CRA II: The Cognition Cycle 134 5.3 CRA III: The Inference Hierarchy 138 5.4 CRA IV: Architecture Maps 143 5.5 CRA V: Building the CRA on SDR Architectures 144 5.6 Cognition Architecture Research Topics 152 5.7 Exercises 152 II Radio-Domain Competence 6 Radio-Domain Use Cases 157 6.1 Radio Use-Case Metrics 157 6.2 FCC Unused TV Spectrum Use Case 163 6.3 Demand Shaping Use Case 170 6.4 Military Market Segment Use Cases 176 6.5 RF Knowledge That Saves Lives 177 6.6 Prognostication 180 6.7 Exercises 180 7 Radio Knowledge 183 7.1 Radio-Domain Overview 183 7.2 Knowledge of the HF Radio Band 195 7.3 Knowledge of the LVHF Radio Band 208 7.4 Radio Noise and Interference 224 7.5 Knowledge of the VHF Radio Band 228 7.6 Knowledge of the UHF Radio Band 237 7.7 Knowledge of the SHF Radio Band 246 7.8 Knowledge of EHF, Terahertz, and Free Space Optics 256 7.9 Satellite Communications Knowledge 260 7.10 Cross-Band/Mode Knowledge 267 8 Implementing Radio-Domain Skills 275 8.1 Cognitive Radio Architecture Structures Radio Skills 276 8.2 Embedded Databases Enable Skills 281 8.3 Production Systems Enable Skills 288 8.4 Embedded Inference Enables Skills 291 8.5 Radio Knowledge Objects (RKOs) 296 8.6 Evolving Skills Via RKO and RDH 303 8.7 Implementing Spatial Skills 305 8.8 Generalized 318 8.9 Microworlds 323 8.10 Radio Skills Conclusions 325 8.11 Exercises 326 III User-Domain Competence 9 User-Domain Use Cases 331 9.1 Emergency Companion Use Case 331 9.2 Office Assistant Use Case 333 9.3 Cognitive Assistants for Wireless 334 9.4 User Skill Enhancements 343 9.5 Exercises 346 10 User-Domain Knowledge 347 10.1 Users’ Natural Language Expression 348 10.2 Acoustic Sensory Perception 352 10.3 Visual Sensory Perception 359 10.4 Audio-Visual Integration 363 10.5 Lexical Conceptual Semantics (LCS) 366 10.6 Other Sensors 369 10.7 Architecture Implications 369 10.8 Exercises 369 11 Implementing User-Domain Skills 372 11.1 Integrating Cognition 373 11.2 Autonomous Extensibility 382 11.3 Supervised Extensibility 401 11.4 Uncertainty 407 11.5 Learning Requires Grounding 417 11.6 Sleep Cycles 423 11.7 Pitfalls and Opportunities 424 11.8 Exercises 426 12 Semantic Radio 428 12.1 CYC, eBusiness Solutions, and the Semantic Web 428 12.2 CYC Case Study 429 12.3 CYC Implications 437 12.4 Web Languages 439 12.5 Radio XML 439 12.6 Conclusions 443 Glossary 444 References 451 Index 467

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Book SynopsisA high-quality textbook that provides a carefully designed exposition of the important aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks provides a thorough coverage of wireless sensor networks, including applications, communication, and networking protocols, middleware, security, and management.Trade Review"…the best-written book in its subject area…a must-have volume for anyone interested in the potential of wireless sensor networks." (RFID Journal Online, August 20, 2007) "…a valuable contribution to the WSN literature…it will occupy a conspicuous place in the reader's library." (Computing Reviews.com, October 8, 2007)Table of ContentsPreface xi About the Authors xiii 1 Introduction and Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks 1 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.1.1 Background of Sensor Network Technology, 2 1.1.2 Applications of Sensor Networks, 10 1.1.3 Focus of This Book, 12 1.2 Basic Overview of the Technology, 13 1.2.1 Basic Sensor Network Architectural Elements, 15 1.2.2 Brief Historical Survey of Sensor Networks, 26 1.2.3 Challenges and Hurdles, 29 1.3 Conclusion, 31 References, 31 2 Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks 38 2.1 Introduction, 38 2.2 Background, 38 2.3 Range of Applications, 42 2.4 Examples of Category 2 WSN Applications, 50 2.4.1 Home Control, 51 2.4.2 Building Automation, 53 2.4.3 Industrial Automation, 56 2.4.4 Medical Applications, 57 2.5 Examples of Category 1 WSN Applications, 59 2.5.1 Sensor and Robots, 60 2.5.2 Reconfigurable Sensor Networks, 62 2.5.3 Highway Monitoring, 63 2.5.4 Military Applications, 64 2.5.5 Civil and Environmental Engineering Applications, 67 2.5.6 Wildfire Instrumentation, 68 2.5.7 Habitat Monitoring, 68 2.5.8 Nanoscopic Sensor Applications, 69 2.6 Another Taxonomy of WSN Technology, 69 2.7 Conclusion, 71 References, 71 3 Basic Wireless Sensor Technology 75 3.1 Introduction, 75 3.2 Sensor Node Technology, 76 3.2.1 Overview, 76 3.2.2 Hardware and Software, 78 3.3 Sensor Taxonomy, 80 3.4 WN Operating Environment, 84 3.5 WN Trends, 87 3.6 Conclusion, 91 References, 91 4 Wireless Transmission Technology and Systems 93 4.1 Introduction, 93 4.2 Radio Technology Primer, 94 4.2.1 Propagation and Propagation Impairments, 94 4.2.2 Modulation, 101 4.3 Available Wireless Technologies, 103 4.3.1 Campus Applications, 105 4.3.2 MAN/WAN Applications, 120 4.4 Conclusion, 131 Appendix A: Modulation Basics, 131 References, 139 5 Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks 142 5.1 Introduction, 142 5.2 Background, 143 5.3 Fundamentals of MAC Protocols, 144 5.3.1 Performance Requirements, 145 5.3.2 Common Protocols, 148 5.4 MAC Protocols for WSNs, 158 5.4.1 Schedule-Based Protocols, 161 5.4.2 Random Access-Based Protocols, 165 5.5 Sensor-MAC Case Study, 167 5.5.1 Protocol Overview, 167 5.5.2 Periodic Listen and Sleep Operations, 168 5.5.3 Schedule Selection and Coordination, 169 5.5.4 Schedule Synchronization, 170 5.5.5 Adaptive Listening, 171 5.5.6 Access Control and Data Exchange, 171 5.5.7 Message Passing, 172 5.6 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs Standard Case Study, 173 5.6.1 PHY Layer, 176 5.6.2 MAC Layer, 178 5.7 Conclusion, 192 References, 193 6 Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks 197 6.1 Introduction, 197 6.2 Background, 198 6.3 Data Dissemination and Gathering, 199 6.4 Routing Challenges and Design Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks, 200 6.4.1 Network Scale and Time-Varying Characteristics, 200 6.4.2 Resource Constraints, 201 6.4.3 Sensor Applications Data Models, 201 6.5 Routing Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks, 202 6.5.1 WSN Routing Techniques, 203 6.5.2 Flooding and Its Variants, 203 6.5.3 Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation, 206 6.5.4 Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, 210 6.5.5 Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems, 213 6.5.6 Directed Diffusion, 215 6.5.7 Geographical Routing, 219 6.6 Conclusion, 225 References, 225 7 Transport Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks 229 7.1 Traditional Transport Control Protocols, 229 7.1.1 TCP (RFC 793), 231 7.1.2 UDP (RFC 768), 233 7.1.3 Mobile IP, 233 7.1.4 Feasibility of Using TCP or UDP for WSNs, 234 7.2 Transport Protocol Design Issues, 235 7.3 Examples of Existing Transport Control Protocols, 237 7.3.1 CODA (Congestion Detection and Avoidance), 237 7.3.2 ESRT (Event-to-Sink Reliable Transport), 237 7.3.3 RMST (Reliable Multisegment Transport), 239 7.3.4 PSFQ (Pump Slowly, Fetch Quickly), 239 7.3.5 GARUDA, 239 7.3.6 ATP (Ad Hoc Transport Protocol), 240 7.3.7 Problems with Transport Control Protocols, 240 7.4 Performance of Transport Control Protocols, 241 7.4.1 Congestion, 241 7.4.2 Packet Loss Recovery, 242 7.5 Conclusion, 244 References, 244 8 Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks 246 8.1 Introduction, 246 8.2 WSN Middleware Principles, 247 8.3 Middleware Architecture, 248 8.3.1 Data-Related Functions, 249 8.3.2 Architectures, 252 8.4 Existing Middleware, 253 8.4.1 MiLAN (Middleware Linking Applications and Networks), 253 8.4.2 IrisNet (Internet-Scale Resource-Intensive Sensor Networks Services), 254 8.4.3 AMF (Adaptive Middleware Framework), 255 8.4.4 DSWare (Data Service Middleware), 255 8.4.5 CLMF (Cluster-Based Lightweight Middleware Framework), 256 8.4.6 MSM (Middleware Service for Monitoring), 256 8.4.7 Em*, 256 8.4.8 Impala, 257 8.4.9 DFuse, 257 8.4.10 DDS (Device Database System), 258 8.4.11 SensorWare, 258 8.5 Conclusion, 259 References, 259 9 Network Management for Wireless Sensor Networks 262 9.1 Introduction, 262 9.2 Network Management Requirements, 262 9.3 Traditional Network Management Models, 263 9.3.1 Simple Network Management Protocol, 263 9.3.2 Telecom Operation Map, 264 9.4 Network Management Design Issues, 264 9.5 Example of Management Architecture: MANNA, 267 9.6 Other Issues Related to Network Management, 268 9.6.1 Naming, 269 9.6.2 Localization, 269 9.7 Conclusion, 270 References, 270 10 Operating Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks 273 10.1 Introduction, 273 10.2 Operating System Design Issues, 274 10.3 Examples of Operating Systems, 276 10.3.1 TinyOS, 276 10.3.2 Mate, 277 10.3.3 MagnetOS, 278 10.3.4 MANTIS, 278 10.3.5 OSPM, 279 10.3.6 EYES OS, 279 10.3.7 SenOS, 280 10.3.8 EMERALDS, 280 10.3.9 PicOS, 281 10.4 Conclusion, 281 References, 281 11 Performance and Traffic Management 283 11.1 Introduction, 283 11.2 Background, 283 11.3 WSN Design Issues, 286 11.3.1 MAC Protocols, 286 11.3.2 Routing Protocols, 286 11.3.3 Transport Protocols, 287 11.4 Performance Modeling of WSNs, 288 11.4.1 Performance Metrics, 288 11.4.2 Basic Models, 289 11.4.3 Network Models, 292 11.5 Case Study: Simple Computation of the System Life Span, 294 11.5.1 Analysis, 296 11.5.2 Discussion, 298 11.6 Conclusion, 300 References, 300 Index 303

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Book SynopsisThis excellent text combines a solid treatment of optical signal processing theory with detailed descriptions of selected processing applications. With a focus on processing two-dimensional analog signals, it treats the important area of acousto-optic signal processing.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Basic Signal Parameters. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Characterization of a General Signal. 1.3 The Sample Function. 1.4 Examples of Signals. 1.5 Spatial Signals. Chapter 2. Geometrical Optics. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Refractive Index and Optical Path. 2.3 Basic Laws of Geometrical Optics. 2.4 Refraction by Prisms. 2.5 The Lens Formulas. 2.6 The General Imaging Condition. 2.7 The Optical Invariant. 2.8 Classification of Lenses and Systems. 2.9 Aberrations. Chapter 3. Physical Optics. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 The Fresnel Transform. 3.3 The Fourier Transform. 3.4 Examples of Fourier Transforms. 3.5 The Inverse Fourier Transform. 3.6 Extended Fourier-Transform Analysis. 3.7 Maximum Information Capacity and Optimum. 3.8 System Coherence. Chapter 4. Spectrum Analysis. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Light Sources. 4.3 Spatial Light Modulators. 4.4 The Detection Process in the Fourier Domain. 4.5 System Performance Parameters. 4.6 Dynamic Range. 4.7 Raster-Format Spectrum Analyzer. 4.8 Summary of the Main Design Concepts. Chapter 5. Spatial Filtering. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Some Fundamentals of Signal Processing. 5.3 Spatial Filters. 5.4 Binary Spatial Filters. 5.5 Magnitude Spatial Filters. 5.6 Phase Spatial Filters. 5.7 Real-Valued Spatial Filters. 5.8 Experimental Examples. 5.9 The Spatial Carrier Frequency Filter. 5.10 Interferometric Methods for Constructing Filters. 5.11 Information Processing. 5.12 Arbitrary Reference Function. 5.13 Bandwidth Considerations. 5.14 Multiplexed Filters. 5.15 Computer Generated Filters. 5.16 Reference Function Optical Processors. Chapter 6. Spatial Filtering Systems. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Optical Signal Processor and Filter Generator. 6.3 The Readout Module. 6.4 The Reference-to-Signal-Beam Ratio. 6.5 Orientation and Scale-Searching Operations. 6.6 Methods for Handling Nonuniform Noise Spectral Densities. 6.7 Other Applications for Optical Spatial Filtering. 6.8 The Effects of Small Displacements of Spatial Filters. Chapter 7. Acousto-Optic Devices. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Acousto-Optic Cell Spatial Light Modulators. 7.3 Dynamic Transfer Relationships. 7.4 Time Delays and Notation. 7.5 Phase-Modulation Notation. 7.6 Sign Notation. 7.7 Conjugate Relationships. 7.8 Visualization of the Acousto-Optic Interaction. 7.9 Applications of Acousto-Optic Devices. Chapter 8. Acousto-Optic Power Spectrum Analyzers. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 A Basic Spectrum Analyzer. 8.3 Aperture Weighting for Sidelobe Control. 8.4 Resolution. 8.5 Dynamic Range and Signal-to-Noise Ratio. 8.6 Spur-Free Dynamic Range. 8.7 Photodetector Geometric Considerations. 8.8 Example. 8.9 The Signal-to-Noise Ratio. 8.10 Radiometers. 8.11 Summary of the Main Design Concepts. Chapter 9. Heterodyne Systems. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 The Interference Between Two Waves. 9.3 Overlapping Waves and Photodetector Size. 9.4 The Optical Radio. 9.5 A Generalized Heterodyne System. Chapter 10. Heterodyne Spectrum Analysis. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Basic Theory. 10.3 Spatial and Temporal Frequencies: The Mixed Transform. 10.4 The Distributed Local Oscillator. 10.5 Photodetector Geometry and Bandwidth. 10.6 Temporal Frequencies of the Reference Bias Term. 10.7 Dynamic Range. 10.8 Comparison of the Heterodyne and Power Spectrum. 10.9 Hybrid Heterodyne Spectrum Analyzer. Chapter 11. Decimated Arrays and Cross-Spectrum Analysis. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Background for the Heterodyne Spectrum Analyzer. 11.3 Photodetector Geometry and Detection Scheme. 11.4 The Reference and Scanning Functions. 11.5 Signal-to-Noise Radio and Dynamic Range. 11.6 Improved Reference Waveform. 11.7 The Cross-Spectrum Analyzer. Chapter 12. The Heterodyne Transform and Signal Excision. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 The Heterodyne Transform. 12.3 The Temporal Frequency Range of the Baseband Terms. 12.4 Probing Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Fields. 12.5 Signal Excision. 12.6 Arbitrary Filter Function. Chapter 13. Space-Integrating Correlators. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Reference-Function Correlators. 13.3 Multichannel Operation. 13.4 Heterodyne/Homodyne Detection. 13.5 Homodyne Detection in the Fourier Domain. 13.6 Heterodyne Detection. 13.7 Carrier Frequency Requirements. 13.8 Illumination Requirements. 13.9 Integrate and Dump. 13.10 Some More Configurations. Chapter 14. Time-Integrating Systems. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Spectrum Analysis. 14.3 Time-Integrating Correlation. 14.4 Electronic Reference Correlator. 14.5 Comparison of Features. 14.6 Integrated Optical Systems. Chapter 15. Two-Dimensional Processing. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Triple-Product Processing. 15.3 Crossed Acousto-Optic Cell Geometry. 15.4 The Bispectrum. 15.5 Spectrum Analysis. 15.6 Ambiguity Function Generation. 15.7 Wigner-Ville Distributions. 15.8 Range and Doppler Signal Processing. 15.9 Optical Transversal Processor for Notch Filtering. 15.10 Phased Array Processing. Appendix I. Appendix II. References. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisA complete and accessible introduction to the important field of microtechnology. Avoiding complex mathematics, it covers all the pertinent microwave terminology, devices, systems and subsystems in order to facilitate an understanding of how everything fits together to create communications, navigation and radar equipment.Table of ContentsPART I: MICROWAVE FUNDAMENTALS. 1. A Survey of Microwave Systems and Devices. 1.1 The Relationship of Microwaves to Other Electronic Equipment. 1.2 Microwave Systems. 1.3 The Microwave System. 1.4 Why Microwave Devices are Needed. 1.5 Basic Microwave System Design. 1.6 Microwave Transmission Lines. 1.7 Signal Control Components. 1.8 Semiconductor Amplifiers and Oscillators. 1.9 Microwave Tubes. 1.10 Low Noise Microwave Receivers. 1.11 Microwave Antennas. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 2. Microwave Fields. 2.1 Electric and Magnetic Fields. 2.2 Electromagnetic Waves. 2.3 Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves. 2.4 Microwaves in Transmission Lines. 2.5 Skin Depth. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 3. Microwave Power--dB and dBm. 3.1 Microwave Power. 3.2 dB Terminology. 3.3 dBm Terminology. 3.4 Equipment for Measuring Microwave Power . Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 4. Insertion Loss, Gain, and Return Loss. 4.1 Insertion Loss. 4.2 Insertion Loss of Components in Cascade. 4.3 Gain. 4.4 Cascaded Insertion Loss and Gain. 4.5 Mismatches and Return Loss. 4.6 Alternative Ways of Specifying Reflected Power. 4.7 S-Parameters. 4.8 Equipment for Measuring Insertion Loss and Return Loss. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 5. Matching with the Smith Chart. 5.1 Derivation of the Smith Chart. 5.2 Plotting Mismatches on the Smith Chart. 5.3 Matching Calculations with the Smith Chart. 5.4 Moving Toward the Load. 5.5 Lumped Inductance in Series. 5.6 Matching Elements in Parallel. 5.7 Matching Stubs. 5.8 Quarter-Wave Transformer. 5.9 Lumped Elements in Combination. 5.10 Selecting the Best matching Technique. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. PART II: MICROWAVE DEVICES. 6. Microwave Transmission Lines. 6.1 Comparison of Transmission Lines. 6.2 Guide Wavelength and Characteristic Impedance. 6.3 Coaxial Cable. 6.4 Waveguide. 6.5 Stripline and Microstrip. 6.6 Connectors and Adapters. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 7. Microwave Signal Control Components. 7.1 Microwave Semiconductors. 7.2Microwave Ferrites. 7.3 Terminations. 7.4 Directional Couplers. 7.5 Combiners. 7.6 Isolators and Circulators. 7.7 Filters. 7.8 Attenuators. 7.9 Switches. 7.10 Phase Shifters. 7.11 Detectors. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 8. Microwave Semiconductor Amplifiers. 8.1 Amplifier Performance Characteristics. 8.2 Types of Microwave Semiconductor Amplifiers. 8.3 Bipolar Transistors. 8.4 Field-Effect Transistors. 8.5 HEMTs. 8.6 Transistor Packaging and Mounting. 8.7 S-Parameters. 8.8 Transistor Biasing and Matching. 8.9 IMPATT Amplifiers. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 9. Microwave Oscillators. 9.1 Oscillator Principles. 9.2 Oscillator Performance Requirements. 9.3 Fixed-Tuned and Mechanically Tuned Oscillators. 9.4 Electronically Tuned Oscillators. 9.5 Harmonic Multipliers. 9.6 Phase-Locked Oscillators. 9.7 Up-converters. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 10. Low-Noise Receivers. 10.1 The Significance of Low-Noise Receivers. 10.2 Sources of Noise. 10.3 Noise Units. 10.4 Mixers. 10.5 Low-Noise Transistors. 10.6 Parametric Amplifiers. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 11. Microwave Integrated Circuits. 11.1 Types of Microwave Integrated Circuits. 11.2 Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuits. 11.3 Microstrip Materials and Design. 11.4 Microstrip Circuit Elements. 11.5 Components Added after Microstrip Fabrication. 11.6 Mounting and Packaging. 11.7 Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 12. Microwave Tubes. 12.1 Advantages and Disadvantages. 12.2 Comparison. 12.3 Gridded Tubes. 12.4 Klystrons. 12.5 Traveling Wave Tubes. 12.6 Crossed-Field Amplifiers. 12.7 Magnetrons. 12.8 High Power Microwave Tubes. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 13. Microwave Antennas. 13.1 Requirements. 13.2 Types. 13.3 Arrays. 13.4 Parabolic. 13.5 Phased Array. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. PART III: MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. 14. Introduction to Microwave Systems. 14.1 Spectrum Analysis of Electronic Signals. 14.2 Communication System Signals. 14.3 Signal-to-Noise Requirements. 14.4 Pulse Code Modulation. 14.5 Baseband Signals. 14.6 Transmission Systems. 14.7 Modulation. 14.8 Carrier Modulation with Digital Baseband Signals. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 15. Microwave Relay. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Block Diagrams. 15.3 Antennas. 15.4 Path Loss Calculations. 15.5 Diversity Systems. 15.6 Diffraction and Troposcatter Systems. 15.7 Wireless Local Area Networks. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises 16. Satellite Communications. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Path Loss Calculations (ERP and G/T). 16.3 International Satellites. 16.4 Domestic Satellites. 16.5 Ship-to-Shore Communication by Satellite. 16.6 Direct Broadcast Satellites. 16.7 Comparison of Communication Satellites. 16.8 Remote-Sensing Satellites. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 17. Radar Systems. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Velocity Measurement. 17.3 Range Measurement. 17.4 Combined Range and Velocity Measurement. 17.5 Angle Measurement. 17.6 Techniques to Improve Angular Resolution. 17.7 Phased Array Radar. 17.8 Block Diagrams. 17.9 The Radar Equation. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 18. Electronic Warfare Systems. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Stealth. 18.3 Antiradiation Missiles. 18.4 Chaff and Decoys. 18.5 Noise Jamming. 18.6 Deceptive Jamming. 18.7 Electronic Counter-Countermeasures. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. 19. Navigation and Other Microwave Systems. 19.1 Global Positioning System. 19.2 Cellular Telephones. 19.3 Microwave Ovens. 19.4 Medical Applications of Microwaves. 19.5 Scientific Applications of Microwaves. Annotated Bibliography. Exercises. Exercise Answers. Index.

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Book SynopsisLearn to solve both simple and complex electromagnetic problems with this text's unique integration of theoretical and mathematical concepts. With the author's guidance, you'll discover a broad range of classic and cutting-edge applications across a wide array of fields, including biomedicine, wireless communication, process control, and instrumentation. Case studies, detailed derivations, and 170 fully solved examples deepen your understanding of theory, and help you apply numerical methods to real-world problems.Trade Review"…a perfect, very good introductory work…" (CHOICE, August 2007)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Electrical sources and fundamental quantities. 1.2 Static and dynamic fields. 1.3 Working with complex numbers and functions. 2. VECTORS AND FIELDS. 2.1 Working with vectors. 2.2 Coordinate systems. 2.3 Differentiation and integration of vectors. 2.4 Gradient of the scalar field and its applications. 2.5 Divergence of the vector field and its applications. 2.6 Curl of the vector field and its applications. 2.7 The divergence theorem. 2.8 Stokes’ theorem. Δ. 2.9 Other operations involving 2.10 Helmholtz theorem. 3. BASIC LAWS OF ELECTROMAGNETICS. 3.1 Maxwell’s equations in large scale/integral form. 3.2 Maxwell’s equations in point/differential form. 3.3 Constitutive relations. 3.4 Boundary conditions. 3.5 Lorentz force equation. 3.6 Poynting vector and power flow. 4. UNIFORM PLANE WAVES. 4.1 The wave equation and uniform plane wave solutions. 4.2 Plane electromagnetic waves in Lossy media. 4.3 Uniform plane wave incident normally on an interface. 4.4 Uniform plane wave incident obliquely on an interface. 5. TRANSMISSION LINES. 5.1 Transmission line equations. 5.2 Finite length transmission line. 5.3 Smith chart. 5.4 Transients on transmission lines. 6. MODIFIED MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS AND POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS. 6.1 Magnetic charge and current. 6.2 Magnetic vector and electric scalar potentials. 6.3 Electric vector and magnetic scalar potentials. 6.4 Construction of solution in rectangular coordinates. 6.5 Construction of solution in cylindrical coordinates. 6.6 Construction of solution in spherical coordinates. 7. SOURCE IN INFINITE SPACE. 7.1 Fields of an infinitesimal source. 7.2 Antenna parameters. 7.3 Linear antennas. 7.4 Antenna arrays. 7.5 Friis transmission formula and the radar range equation. 8. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS. 8.1 Laws of electrostatic fields. 8.2 Gauss’ law. 8.3 Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations. 8.4 Capacitors and energy storage. 8.5 Further applications of Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations. 9. MAGNETOSTATIC FIELDS. 9.1 Laws of magnetostatic fields. 9.2 Inductors and energy storage. 9.3 Magnetic materials. 9.4 Magnetic Circuits. 10. WAVEGUIDES AND CAVITY RESONATORS. 10. 1 Metallic rectangular waveguide. 10. 2 Metallic circular cylindrical waveguide. 10.3 Rectangular cavity resonators. 10.4 Circular cylindrical cavity resonators. 11. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES. 11.1 Finite difference methods. 11.2 The method of moments. 11.3 Scattering of plane EM waves from an infinitely long cylinder. Appendix A. Mathematical formulas. Appendix B. Delta function and evaluation of fields in unbounded media. Appendix C. Bessel functions. Appendix D. Legendre functions. Appendix E. Characteristics of selected materials. Appendix F. Physical constants. Appendix G. Decibels and Neper. Appendix H. Nomenclature and characteristics of standard rectangular waveguides. SELECTED REFERENCE BOOKS . Index.

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Book SynopsisThe principle aim of this book is to provide readers with a comprehensive and in-depth overview of GIT research to create a unified framework of the technology's diverse uncertainty theories. Through the use of examples and exercises, the author discusses probability theory, fuzzy set theory, evidence theory and possibility theory.Trade Review"..will establish a better understanding of the complex concepts…will make significant contributions toward stimulating research in the area of generalized information theory." (Computing Reviews.com, October 17, 2006) "…contains comprehensive and up-to-date coverage…can serve as a graduate-level text and a reference for researchers and practitioners…" (IEEE Computer Magazine, February 2006)Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Uncertainty and Its Significance 1 1.2. Uncertainty-Based Information 6 1.3. Generalized Information Theory 7 1.4. Relevant Terminology and Notation 10 1.5. An Outline of the Book 20 Notes 22 Exercises 23 2 Classical Possibility-Based Uncertainty Theory 26 2.1. Possibility and Necessity Functions 26 2.2. Hartley Measure of Uncertainty for Finite Sets 27 2.2.1. Simple Derivation of the Hartley Measure 28 2.2.2. Uniqueness of the Hartley Measure 29 2.2.3. Basic Properties of the Hartley Measure 31 2.2.4. Examples 35 2.3. Hartley-Like Measure of Uncertainty for Infinite Sets 45 2.3.1. Definition 45 2.3.2. Required Properties 46 2.3.3. Examples 52 Notes 56 Exercises 57 3 Classical Probability-Based Uncertainty Theory 61 3.1. Probability Functions 61 3.1.1. Functions on Finite Sets 62 3.1.2. Functions on Infinite Sets 64 3.1.3. Bayes’ Theorem 66 3.2. Shannon Measure of Uncertainty for Finite Sets 67 3.2.1. Simple Derivation of the Shannon Entropy 69 3.2.2. Uniqueness of the Shannon Entropy 71 3.2.3. Basic Properties of the Shannon Entropy 77 3.2.4. Examples 83 3.3. Shannon-Like Measure of Uncertainty for Infinite Sets 91 Notes 95 Exercises 97 4 Generalized Measures and Imprecise Probabilities 101 4.1. Monotone Measures 101 4.2. Choquet Capacities 106 4.2.1. Möbius Representation 107 4.3. Imprecise Probabilities: General Principles 110 4.3.1. Lower and Upper Probabilities 112 4.3.2. Alternating Choquet Capacities 115 4.3.3. Interaction Representation 116 4.3.4. Möbius Representation 119 4.3.5. Joint and Marginal Imprecise Probabilities 121 4.3.6. Conditional Imprecise Probabilities 122 4.3.7. Noninteraction of Imprecise Probabilities 123 4.4. Arguments for Imprecise Probabilities 129 4.5. Choquet Integral 133 4.6. Unifying Features of Imprecise Probabilities 135 Notes 137 Exercises 139 5 Special Theories of Imprecise Probabilities 143 5.1. An Overview 143 5.2. Graded Possibilities 144 5.2.1. Möbius Representation 149 5.2.2. Ordering of Possibility Profiles 151 5.2.3. Joint and Marginal Possibilities 153 5.2.4. Conditional Possibilities 155 5.2.5. Possibilities on Infinite Sets 158 5.2.6. Some Interpretations of Graded Possibilities 160 5.3. Sugeno l-Measures 160 5.3.1. Möbius Representation 165 5.4. Belief and Plausibility Measures 166 5.4.1. Joint and Marginal Bodies of Evidence 169 5.4.2. Rules of Combination 170 5.4.3. Special Classes of Bodies of Evidence 174 5.5. Reachable Interval-Valued Probability Distributions 178 5.5.1. Joint and Marginal Interval-Valued Probability Distributions 183 5.6. Other Types of Monotone Measures 185 Notes 186 Exercises 190 6 Measures of Uncertainty and Information 196 6.1. General Discussion 196 6.2. Generalized Hartley Measure for Graded Possibilities 198 6.2.1. Joint and Marginal U-Uncertainties 201 6.2.2. Conditional U-Uncertainty 203 6.2.3. Axiomatic Requirements for the U-Uncertainty 205 6.2.4. U-Uncertainty for Infinite Sets 206 6.3. Generalized Hartley Measure in Dempster–Shafer Theory 209 6.3.1. Joint and Marginal Generalized Hartley Measures 209 6.3.2. Monotonicity of the Generalized Hartley Measure 211 6.3.3. Conditional Generalized Hartley Measures 213 6.4. Generalized Hartley Measure for Convex Sets of Probability Distributions 214 6.5. Generalized Shannon Measure in Dempster-Shafer Theory 216 6.6. Aggregate Uncertainty in Dempster–Shafer Theory 226 6.6.1. General Algorithm for Computing the Aggregate Uncertainty 230 6.6.2. Computing the Aggregated Uncertainty in Possibility Theory 232 6.7. Aggregate Uncertainty for Convex Sets of Probability Distributions 234 6.8. Disaggregated Total Uncertainty 238 6.9. Generalized Shannon Entropy 241 6.10. Alternative View of Disaggregated Total Uncertainty 248 6.11. Unifying Features of Uncertainty Measures 253 Notes 253 Exercises 255 7 Fuzzy Set Theory 260 7.1. An Overview 260 7.2. Basic Concepts of Standard Fuzzy Sets 262 7.3. Operations on Standard Fuzzy Sets 266 7.3.1. Complementation Operations 266 7.3.2. Intersection and Union Operations 267 7.3.3. Combinations of Basic Operations 268 7.3.4. Other Operations 269 7.4. Fuzzy Numbers and Intervals 270 7.4.1. Standard Fuzzy Arithmetic 273 7.4.2. Constrained Fuzzy Arithmetic 274 7.5. Fuzzy Relations 280 7.5.1. Projections and Cylindric Extensions 281 7.5.2. Compositions, Joins, and Inverses 284 7.6. Fuzzy Logic 286 7.6.1. Fuzzy Propositions 287 7.6.2. Approximate Reasoning 293 7.7. Fuzzy Systems 294 7.7.1. Granulation 295 7.7.2. Types of Fuzzy Systems 297 7.7.3. Defuzzification 298 7.8. Nonstandard Fuzzy Sets 299 7.9. Constructing Fuzzy Sets and Operations 303 Notes 305 Exercises 308 8 Fuzzification of Uncertainty Theories 315 8.1. Aspects of Fuzzification 315 8.2. Measures of Fuzziness 321 8.3. Fuzzy-Set Interpretation of Possibility Theory 326 8.4. Probabilities of Fuzzy Events 334 8.5. Fuzzification of Reachable Interval-Valued Probability Distributions 338 8.6. Other Fuzzification Efforts 348 Notes 350 Exercises 351 9 Methodological Issues 355 9.1. An Overview 355 9.2. Principle of Minimum Uncertainty 357 9.2.1. Simplification Problems 358 9.2.2. Conflict-Resolution Problems 364 9.3. Principle of Maximum Uncertainty 369 9.3.1. Principle of Maximum Entropy 369 9.3.2. Principle of Maximum Nonspecificity 373 9.3.3. Principle of Maximum Uncertainty in GIT 375 9.4. Principle of Requisite Generalization 383 9.5. Principle of Uncertainty Invariance 387 9.5.1. Computationally Simple Approximations 388 9.5.2. Probability–Possibility Transformations 390 9.5.3. Approximations of Belief Functions by Necessity Functions 399 9.5.4. Transformations Between l-Measures and Possibility Measures 402 9.5.5. Approximations of Graded Possibilities by Crisp Possibilities 403 Notes 408 Exercises 411 10 Conclusions 415 10.1. Summary and Assessment of Results in Generalized Information Theory 415 10.2. Main Issues of Current Interest 417 10.3. Long-Term Research Areas 418 10.4. Significance of GIT 419 Notes 421 Appendix A Uniqueness of the U-Uncertainty 425 Appendix B Uniqueness of Generalized Hartley Measure in the Dempster–Shafer Theory 430 Appendix C Correctness of Algorithm 6.1 437 Appendix D Proper Range of Generalized Shannon Entropy 442 Appendix E Maximum of GSa in Section 6.9 447 Appendix F Glossary of Key Concepts 449 Appendix G Glossary of Symbols 455 Bibliography 458 Subject Index 487 Name Index 494

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Book SynopsisA Comprehensive, Thorough Introduction to High-Speed Networking Technologies and Protocols Network Infrastructure and Architecture: Designing High-Availability Networks takes a unique approach to the subject by covering the ideas underlying networks, the architecture of the network elements, and the implementation of these elements in optical and VLSI technologies. Additionally, it focuses on areas not widely covered in existing books: physical transport and switching, the process and technique of building networking hardware, and new technologies being deployed in the marketplace, such as Metro Wave Division Multiplexing (MWDM), Resilient Packet Rings (RPR), Optical Ethernet, and more. Divided into five succinct parts, the book covers: Optical transmission Networking protocols VLSI chips Data switching Networking elements and design Complete with case studies, exampleTable of ContentsPreface. Part I: Optical Transmission. 1. Introduction to Networking. 2. Filer-Optic Transmission. 3. Wavelength-Division Multiplexing. Part II: Networking Protocols. 4. Sonet. 5. TCP/IP Protocol Suite. 6. Protocol Stacks. Part III: VLSI Chips. 7. VLSI Integrated Circuits. 8. Circuits for Optical-to-Electrical Conversion. Part IV: Data Switching. 9. Physical Circuits Switching. 10. Time-Division-Multipleured Switching. 11. Packet and Cell Switching and Queuing. Part V: Networking. 12. Network Elements. 13. Network Design: Efficient, Survivable Networks. Index.

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Book SynopsisHandbook of Filter Synthesis, originally published in 1967 is the classic reference for continuous time filter design. The plots of filter behaviour for different designs, such as ripple and group delay, make this book invaluable.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Filters in Electronics 1 1.1 Types of Filters 1 1.2 Filter Applications 3 1.3 All-Pass Filters 5 1.4 Properties of Lattice Filters 6 1.5 Filter Building Blocks 9 1.6 Higher Order Filters 17 1.7 Coil-Saving Bandpass Filters 17 1.8 Frequency Range of Applications 20 1.9 Physical Elements of the Filter 21 1.10 Active Bandpass Filters 22 1.11 RC Passive and Active Filters 22 1.12 Microwave Filters 25 1.13 Parametric Filters 29 Chapter 2 Theory of Effective Parameters 31 2.1 Power Balance 32 2.2 Types of General Network Equations 33 2.3 Effective Attenuation 35 2.4 Reflective (Echo) Attenuation 36 2.5 Transmission Function as a Function of Frequency Parameter, s 37 2.6 Polynomials of Transmission and Filtering Functions 38 2.7 Filter Networks 39 2.8 Voltage and Current Sources 41 2.9 The Function D(s) As an Approximation Function 42 2.10 Examples of Transmission Function Approximation 45 2.11 Simplest Polynomial Filters in Algebraic Form 49 2.12 Introduction to Image-Parameter Theory 50 2.13 Bridge Networks 52 2.14 Examples of Realization in the Bridge Form 53 2.15 Hurwitz Polynomial 54 2.16 The Smallest Realizable Networks 55 2.17 Fourth-Order Networks 57 2.18 Fifth-Order Networks 58 Chapter 3 Filter Characteristics in The Frequency Domain 60 3.1 Amplitude Responses 60 3.2 Phase-and Group-Delay Responses 61 3.3 Group Delay of an Idealized Filter 61 3.4 Group-Delay—Attenuation Relationship 61 3.5 The Chebyshev Family of Response Characteristics 62 3.6 Gaussian Family of Response Characteristics 67 3.7 A Filter with Transitional Magnitude Characteristics 74 3.8 Legendre Filters 74 3.9 Minimum-Loss Characteristics 76 3.10 Synchronously Tuned Filters 76 3.11 Arithmetically Symmetrical Bandpass Filters 77 3.12 Attenuation Characteristics of Image Parameter Filters 78 3.13 Other Types of Filter Characteristics 80 3.14 Plots of the Attenuation and Group Delay Characteristics 81 Chapter 4 Elliptic Functions and Elements of Realization 107 4.1 Double Periodic Elliptic Functions 107 4.2 Mapping of s-Plane into u-Plane 109 4.3 First Basic Transformation of Elliptic Functions 110 4.4 Filtering Function in z-Plane 112 4.5 Graphical Representation of Parameters 114 4.6 Characteristic Values of D(s) 115 4.7 An Example of Filter Design 116 4.8 Consideration of Losses 119 4.9 Introduction of Losses by Frequency Transformation 119 4.10 Highpass Filters with Losses 120 4.11 Transmission Functions with Losses 121 4.12 Conclusions on Consideration of Losses 123 4.13 Realization Process 124 4.14 Bandpass Filter with a Minimum Number of Inductors 125 4.15 The Elements of a Coil-Saving Network 127 4.16 Consideration of Losses in Zig-Zag Filters 128 4.17 Realization Procedure 129 4.18 Numerical Example of Realization 131 4.19 Full and Partial Removal for a Fifth-Order Filter 132 Chapter 5 The Catalog of Normalized Lowpass Filters 137 5.1 Introduction to the Catalog137 5.2 Real Part of the Driving Point Impedance146 5.3 Lowpass Filter Design148 5.4 Design of Highpass Filters151 5.5 Design of LC Bandpass Filters154 5.6 Design of Narrowband Crystal Filters160 5.7 Design of Bandstop Filters163 5.8 Catalog of Normalized Lowpass Models168 Chapter 6 Design Techniques for Polynomial Filters 290 6.1 Introduction to Tables of Normalized Element Values 290 6.2 Lowpass Design Examples 292 6.3 Bandpass Filter Design 295 6.4 Concept of Coupling 296 6.5 Coupled Resonators 298 6.6 Second-Order Bandpass Filter 300 6.7 Design with Tables of Predistorted k and q Parameters 305 6.8 Design Examples using Tables of k and q Values 306 6.9 Tables of Lowpass Element Values 310 6.10 Tables of 3-dB Down k and q Values 311 Chapter 7 Filter Characteristics in The Time Domain 380 7.1 Introduction to Transient Characteristics 380 7.2 Time and Frequency Domains 380 7.3 Information Contained in the Impulse Response 383 7.4 Step Response 383 7.5 Impulse Response of an Ideal Gaussian Filter 384 7.6 Residue Determination 385 7.7 Numerical Example 385 7.8 Practical Steps in the Inverse Transformation 388 7.9 Inverse Transform of Rational Spectral Functions 389 7.10 Numerical Example 390 7.11 Estimation Theory 391 7.12 Transient Response in Highpass and Bandpass Filters 392 7.13 The Exact Calculation of Transient Phenomena for Highpass Systems 393 7.14 Estimate of Transient Responses in Narrowband Filters 395 7.15 The Exact Transient Calculation in Narrowband Systems 397 7.16 Group Delay Versus Transient Response 398 7.17 Computer Determination of Filter Impulse Response 398 7.18 Transient Response Curves 400 Chapter 8 Crystal Filters 414 8.1 Introduction 414 8.2 Crystal Structure 414 8.3 Theory of Piezoelectricity 414 8.4 Properties of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystals 415 8.5 Classification of Crystal Filters 421 8.6 Bridge Filters 423 8.7 Limitation of Bridge Crystal Filters 425 8.8 Spurious Response 427 8.9 Circuit Analysis of a Simple Filter 428 8.10 Element Values in Image-Parameter Formulation 429 8.11 Ladder Filters 431 8.12 Effective Attenuation of Simple Filters 434 8.13 Effective Attenuation of Ladder Networks 437 8.14 Ladder Versus Bridge Filters 439 8.15 Practical Differential Transformer for Crystal Filters 440 8.16 Design of Narrowband Filters with the Aid of Lowpass Model 443 8.17 Synthesis of Ladder Single Sideband Filters 453 8.18 The Synthesis of Intermediate Bandpass Filters 483 8.19 Example of Band-Reject Filter 490 8.20 Ladder Filters with Large Bandwidth 491 Chapter 9 Helical Filters 499 9.1 Introduction 499 9.2 Helical Resonators 499 9.3 Filter with Helical Resonators 505 9.4 Alignment of Helical Filters 513 9.5 Examples of Helical Filtering 518 Chapter 10 Network Transformations 522 10.1 Two-Terminal Network Transformations 522 10.2 Delta-Star Transformation 528 10.3 Use of Transformer in Filter Realization 530 10.4 Norton’s Transformation 530 10.5 Applications of Mutual Inductive Coupling 536 10.6 The Realization of LC Filters with Crystal Resonators 540 10.7 Negative and Positive Capacitor Transformation 545 10.8 Bartlett’s Bisection Theorem 546 10.9 Caucr’s Equivalence 549 10.10 Canonic Bandpass Structures 552 10.11 Bandpass Ladder Filters Having a Canonical Number of Inductors without Mutual Coupling 553 10.12 Impedance and Admittance Inverters 559 10.13 Source and Load Transformation 567 Bibliography 569 Index 573

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Book SynopsisPractical Design of Power Supplies "In a rare and very welcome departure from the power industry's standard technical treatise, Ron Lenk's book... offers a clear, pragmatic view of the practical real-world aspects governing power supply design... Engineers at all levels...Trade Review"…I encourage those students or designers who would like to get an idea about designing power supplies to read the book." (IEEE Circuits & Devices Magazine, September/October 2006) "Engineers, technicians, and power supply designers will find this an invaluable book to quickly learn and apply the knowledge...to designing and building the right power supplies for an application." (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, July/August 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. List of Tables. Chapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Practical Selection of Topology. Chapter 3: Practical Selection of Components. Chapter 4: Practical Guide to Instrumentation. Chapter 5: Practical Design of Magnetics. Chapter 6: Practical Feedback Design. Chapter 7: Practical Design of Control and Monitoring Circuitry. Chapter 8: Practical Efficiency and Thermal Management. Chapter 9: Practical EMI Control. Chapter 10: Practical Worst-Case Analysis. Appendix 1: List of Acronyms Used in the Book and Some Symbols. Appendix 2: Data Sheets for Worst-Case Analysis. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisWritten from an engineering standpoint with a focus on practical codes based on their performance and hardware complexit, Matrix Code Design for Dependable Systems emphasizes matrix codes and how they are manipulated. Unlike existing coding theory books, this book does not burden the reader with unnecessary mathematics for polynomial codes.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Faults and Failures. 1.2 Error Models. 1.3 Error Recovery Techniques for Dependable Systems. 1.4 Code Design Process for Dependable Systems. References. 2. Mathematical Background and Matrix Codes. 2.1 Introduction to Algebra. 2.2 Linear Codes. 2.3 Basic Matrix Codes. Exercises. References. 3. Design Techniques for Matrix Codes. 3.1 Minimum-Weight & Equal-Weight-Row Codes. 3.2 Odd-Weight-Column Codes. 3.3 Even-Weight-Row Codes. 3.4 Odd-Weight-Row Codes. 3.5 Rotational Codes. Exercises. References. 4. Codes for High-Speed Memories I: Bit Error Control Codes. 4.1 Modified Hamming SEC-DED Codes. 4.2 Modified Double-Bit Error Correcting BCH Codes. 4.3 On-Chip ECCs. Exercises. References. 5. Codes for High-Speed Memories II: Byte Error Control Codes. 5.1 Single-Byte Error Correcting (SbEC) Codes. 5.2 Single-Byte Error Correcting and Double-Byte Error Detecting (SbEC-DbED) Codes. 5.3 Single-Byte Error Correcting and Single p-Byte within a Block Error Detecting (SbEC-Spb=BED) Codes. Exercises. References. 6. Codes for High-Speed Memories III: Bit / Byte Error Control Codes. 6.1 Single-Byte / Burst Error Detecting SEC-DED Codes. 6.2 Single-Byte Error Correcting and Double-Bit Error Detecting (SbEC-DED) Codes. 6.3 Single-Byte Error Correcting and Double-Bit Error Correcting (SbEC-DEC) Codes. 6.4 Single-Byte Error Correcting and Single-Byte Plus Single-Bit Error Detecting (SbEC-(SbþS)ED) Codes. Exercises. References. 7. Codes for High-Speed Memories IV: Spotty Byte Error Control Codes. 7.1 Spotty Byte Errors. 7.2 Single Spotty Byte Error Correcting (St=bEC) Codes. 7.3 Single Spotty Byte Error Correcting and Single-Byte Error Detecting (St=bEC-SbED) Codes. 7.4 Single Spotty Byte Error Correcting and Double Spotty Byte Error Detecting (St=bEC-Dt=bED) Codes. 7.5 A General Class of Spotty Byte Error Control Codes. Exercises. References. 8. Paralled Decoding for Burst / Byte Error Control Codes. 8.1 Parallel Decoding Burst Error Control Codes. 8.2 Parallel Decoding Cyclic Burst Error Correcting Codes. 8.3 Transient Behavior of Parallel Encoder / Decoder Circuits of Error Control Codes. Exercises. References. 9. Codes for Error Location: Error Locating Codes. 9.1 Error Location of Faulty Packages and Faulty Chips. 9.2 Block Error Locating (Sb=pbEL) Codes. 9.3 Single-Bit Error Correcting and Single-Block Error Locating (SEC-Sb=pbEL) Codes. 9.4 Single-Bit Error Correcting and Single-Byte Error Locating (SEC-Se=bEL) Codes. 9.5 Burst Error Locating Codes. 9.6 Code Conditions for Error Locating Codes. 10. Codes for Unequal Error Control / Protection (UEC / UEP). 10.1 Error Models for UEC Codes and UEP Codes. 10.2 Fixed-Byte Error Control UEC Codes. 10.3 Burst Error Control UEC / UEP Codes. 10.4 Application of the UEC / UEP Codes. Exercises. References. 11. Codes for Mass Memories. 11.1 Tape Memory Codes. 11.2 Magnetic Disk Memory Codes. 11.3 Optical Disk Memory Codes. Exercises. References. 12. Coding for Logic and System Design. 12.1 Self-checking Concept. 12.2 Self-testing Checkers. 12.3 Self-checking ALU. 12.4 Self-checking Design for Computer Systems. Exercises. References. 13. Codes for Data Entry Systems. 13.1 M-Ary Asymmetric Errors in Data Entry Systems. 13.2 M-Ary Asymmetric Symbol Error Correcting Codes. 13.3 Nonsystematic M-Ary Asymmetric Error Correcting Codes with Deletion / Insertion / Adjacent-Symbol-Transposition Error Correction Capabilities. 13.4 Codes for Two-Dimentional Matrix Symbols. Exercises. References. 14. Codes for Multiple / Distributed Storage Systems. 14.1 MDS Array Codes Tolerating Multiple-Disk Failures. 14.2 Codes for Distributed Storage Systems. Exercises. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the problems and brings solutions to the security issues of ad-hoc networks. Topics included are threat attacks and vulnerabilities, basic cryptography mechanisms, authentication, secure routing, firewalls, security policy management, and future developments. .Trade Review"…a first-class textbook on security in ad hoc networks." (Computing Reviews.com, May 17, 2007)Table of ContentsPreface. Foreword. Acknowledgments. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Definition of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. 1.2 Applications of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. 1.3 Threats, Attacks, and Vulnerabilities. 1.3.1 Threats. 1.3.2 Vulnerabilities in Ad Hoc Networks. 1.3.3 Attacks. 1.4 Overview of the Book. 2 Basic Security Concepts. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Basic Concepts. 2.2.1 Attributes. 2.2.2 Cryptographic Primitives. 2.3 Modes of Operation. 2.4 Miscellaneous Properties. 2.4.1 One-Way Property of Hash Chains. 2.4.2 TESLA. 2.5 Summary. 3 Key Management. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Traditional Solution. 3.3 Solutions for Ad Hoc Networks. 3.3.1 Asymmetric Key-Based Approach. 3.3.2 Symmetric Key-Based Approach. 3.4 Summary. 4 Secure Routing. 4.1 Introduction. 4.1.1 Distance-Vector and Link-State Routing. 4.1.2 Proactive vs Reactive Routing. 4.2 Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector. 4.2.1 Secure AODV. 4.2.2 Authenticated Routing for Ad Hoc Networks (ARAN). 4.2.3 Security-Aware Ad Hoc Routing. 4.3 Dynamic Source Routing Protocol. 4.3.1 Secure Routing Protocol. 4.3.2 Ariadne. 4.3.3 EndairA: A Provably Secure Routing Protocol. 4.4 Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing Protocol. 4.4.1 Secure Efficient Distance Vector Routing (SEAD). 4.4.2 SuperSEAD. 4.4.3 S-DSDV. 4.5 Optimized Link-State Routing Protocol. 4.5.1 Secure Extension to OLSR. 4.5.2 Secure Link-State Routing Protocol. 4.6 Anonymous Routing Protocols. 4.6.1 ANODR. 4.6.2 MASK. 4.7 Generic Attacks Against Routing. 4.7.1 Wormhole Attacks. 4.7.2 Rushing Attacks. 4.7.3 Sybil Attacks. 4.8 Summary. 5 Intrusion Detection Systems. 5.1 Introduction. 5.1.1 Traditional IDS Systems. 5.2 Unique IDS Challenges in MANET. 5.3 Threat Model. 5.4 Architecture for Intrusion Detection in MANET. 5.4.1 Noncollaborative Intrusion Detection System. 5.4.2 Cooperative Intrusion Detection. 5.4.3 Key Novel Concepts for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in MANET. 5.5 Evidence Collection. 5.5.1 Local Evidence. 5.5.2 Promiscuous Monitoring. 5.5.3 Evidence made Available by Other Nodes. 5.6 Detection of Specific Attacks. 5.6.1 Detection of Packet Dropping Attacks. 5.6.2 Detection of Attacks Against Routing Protocols. 5.7 Summary. 6 Policy Management. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Policy-Based Network Management. 6.2.1 Overview. 6.2.2 Architecture. 6.2.3 Policy Languages. 6.2.4 Distributed Policy Management Architecture. 6.2.5 IETF and DMTF Standardization Activities. 6.3 Application of Policy Management to Security Management. 6.3.1 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC). 6.3.2 Trust Management and the KeyNote System. 6.3.3 Firewall Management. 6.3.4 Policy Enforcement in a Wireless Ad Hoc Network. 6.4 Summary. 7 Secure Localization. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Localization. 7.2.1 Ranging. 7.2.2 Computation. 7.2.3 Attacks. 7.3 Secure Localization. 7.3.1 Distance Bounding Techniques. 7.3.2 Verifiable Multilateration. 7.3.3 Directional Antennae-Based Schemes. 7.3.4 Transmission Range Variation-Based Schemes. 7.3.5 Hybrid Schemes. 7.3.6 Malicious Beacons. 7.4 Summary. 8 Conclusions and Future Research. 8.1 Vehicular Networks. 8.1.1 Differences with MANET. 8.1.2 Open Problems and Solutions. 8.2 Summary. Acronyms. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisStep-by-step tutorial to master current design techniques for wireless communication systems The Third Edition of Radio System Design for Telecommunications brings this highly acclaimed book fully up to date with the latest technological advances and new applications. At the same time, the hallmarks of the previous editions, including the text''s popular tutorial presentation, have been retained. Readers therefore get all the tools and guidance they need to master an essential set of current design techniques for radio systems that operate at frequencies of 3 MHz to 100 GHz. Using simple mathematics, the author illustrates design concepts and applications. The book''s logical organization, beginning with a discussion of radio propagation problems, enables readers to progressively develop the skills and knowledge needed to advance in the text. Topics that are new to the Third Edition include: Chapter devoted to wireless LANs (WLANs) as detailed in ITable of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1. Radio Propagation. Chapter 2. Line-of-Sight Microwave Radiolinks. Chapter 3. Digital Line-of-Sight Microwave Radiolinks. Chapter 4. Forward Error Correction and Advanced Digital Waveforms. Chapter 5. Over-the-Horizon Radiolinks. Chapter 6. Basic Principles of Satellite Communications. Chapter 7. Digital Communications by Satellite. Chapter 8. Very Small Aperture Terminals. Chapter 9. Radio System Design Above 10 GHz. Chapter 10. Mobile Communications: Cellular Radio and Personal Communication Services. Chapter 11. Wireless LANs. Chapter 12. High-Frequency (HF) Transmission Links. Chapter 13. Meteor Burst Communication. Chapter 14. Interference Issues in Radio Communications. Chapter 15. Radio Terminal Design Considerations. Appendix 1: Availability of a line-of-Sight Microwave Link. Appendix 2: References Fields and Theoretical References; Converting RF Field Strength to Power. Appendix 3: Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations. Index.

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Book Synopsis Discusses all types of corporate risks and practical means of defending against them. Security is currently identified as a critical area of Information Technology management by a majority of government, commercial, and industrial organizations. Offers an effective risk management program, which is the most critical function of an information security program. Trade Review"Throughout, practical examples are included from various healthcare, manufacturing, and retail industries that demonstrate key concepts, implementation guidance to get started, as well as tables of risk indicators and metrics, physical structure diagrams, and graphs". (PR-Inside.com, 29 March 2011)Table of ContentsPreface xiii About the Authors xv Part I Industry Practices in Risk Management 1 1. Information Security Risk Management Imperatives and Opportunities 3 1.1 Risk Management Purpose and Scope 3 1.1.1 Purpose of Risk Management 3 1.1.2 Text Scope 17 References 24 Appendix 1A: Bibliography of Related Literature 25 2. Information Security Risk Management Defined 33 2.1 Key Risk Management Definitions 33 2.1.1 Survey of Industry Definitions 33 2.1.2 Adopted Definitions 37 2.2 A Mathematical Formulation of Risk 40 2.2.1 What is Risk? A Formal Definition 44 2.2.2 Risk in IT Environments 44 2.2.3 Risk Management Procedures 49 2.3 Typical Threats/Risk Events 56 2.4 What is an Enterprise Architecture? 61 References 65 Appendix 2A: The CISSPforum/ISO27k Implementers Forum Information Security Risk List for 2008 66 Appendix 2B: What is Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)? 71 3. Information Security Risk Management Standards 73 3.1 ISO/IEC 13335 77 3.2 ISO/IEC 17799 (ISO/IEC 27002:2005) 78 3.3 ISO/IEC 27000 SERIES 78 3.3.1 ISO/IEC 27000, Information Technology—Security Techniques—Information Security Management Systems—Fundamentals and Vocabulary 79 3.3.2 ISO/IEC 27001:2005, Information Technology—Security Techniques—Specification for an Information Security Management System 79 3.3.3 ISO/IEC 27002:2005, Information Technology—Security Techniques—Code of Practice for Information Security Management 84 3.3.4 ISO/IEC 27003 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Information Security Management System Implementation Guidance 90 3.3.5 ISO/IEC 27004 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Information Security Management—Measurement 91 3.3.6 ISO/IEC 27005:2008 Information Technology—Security Techniques—Information Security Risk Management 92 3.4 ISO/IEC 31000 92 3.5 NIST STANDARDS 94 3.5.1 NIST SP 800-16 96 3.5.2 NIST SP 800-30 99 3.5.3 NIST SP 800-39 101 3.6 AS/NZS 4360 105 References 106 Appendix 3A: Organization for Economic CoOperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Toward a Culture of Security 107 4. A Survey of Available Information Security Risk Management Methods and Tools 111 4.1 Overview 111 4.2 Risk Management/Risk Analysis Methods 114 4.2.1 Austrian IT Security Handbook 114 4.2.2 CCTA Risk Assessment and Management Methodology (CRAMM) 115 4.2.3 Dutch A&K Analysis 117 4.2.4 EBIOS 117 4.2.5 ETSI Threat Vulnerability and Risk Analysis (TVRA) Method 119 4.2.6 FAIR (Factor Analysis of Information Risk) 122 4.2.7 FIRM (Fundamental Information Risk Management) 124 4.2.8 FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) 125 4.2.9 FRAP (Facilitated Risk Assessment Process) 128 4.2.10 ISAMM (Information Security Assessment and Monitoring Method) 129 4.2.11 ISO/IEC Baselines 130 4.2.12 ISO 31000 Methodology 130 4.2.13 IT-Grundschutz (IT Baseline Protection Manual) 136 4.2.14 MAGERIT (Metodologia de Analisis y Gestion de Riesgos de los Sistemas de Informacion) (Methodology for Information Systems Risk Analysis and Management) 137 4.2.15 MEHARI (Méthode Harmonisée d’Analyse de Risques—Harmonised Risk Analysis Method) 142 4.2.16 Microsoft’s Security Risk Management Guide 146 4.2.17 MIGRA (Metodologia Integrata per la Gestione del Rischio Aziendale) 152 4.2.18 NIST 153 4.2.19 National Security Agency (NSA) IAM / IEM / IA-CMM 153 4.2.20 Open Source Approach 155 4.2.21 PTA (Practical Threat Analysis) 158 4.2.22 SOMAP (Security Officers Management and Analysis Project) 160 4.2.23 Summary 161 References 162 5. Methodologies Examples: Cobit and Octave 164 5.1 Overview 164 5.2 COBIT 166 5.2.1 COBIT Framework 172 5.2.2 The Need for a Control Framework for IT Governance 173 5.2.3 How COBIT Meets the Need 175 5.2.4 COBIT’s Information Criteria 175 5.2.5 Business Goals and IT Goals 176 5.2.6 COBIT Framework 177 5.2.7 IT Resources 178 5.2.8 Plan and Organize (PO) 180 5.2.9 Acquire and Implement (AI) 180 5.2.10 Deliver and Support (DS) 180 5.2.11 Monitor and Evaluate (ME) 181 5.2.12 Processes Need Controls 181 5.2.13 COBIT Framework 181 5.2.14 Business and IT Controls 184 5.2.15 IT General Controls and Application Controls 185 5.2.16 Maturity Models 187 5.2.17 Performance Measurement 194 5.3 OCTAVE 205 5.3.1 The OCTAVE Approach 205 5.3.2 The OCTAVE Method 208 References 210 Part II Developing Risk Management Teams 211 6. Risk Management Issues and Organization Specifics 213 6.1 Purpose and Scope 213 6.2 Risk Management Policies 216 6.3 A Snapshot of Risk Management in the Corporate World 219 6.3.1 Motivations for Risk Management 224 6.3.2 Justifying Risk Management Financially 225 6.3.3 The Human Factors 230 6.3.4 Priority-Oriented Rational Approach 232 6.4 Overview of Pragmatic Risk Management Process 234 6.4.1 Creation of a Risk Management Team, and Adoption of Methodologies 234 6.4.2 Iterative Procedure for Ongoing Risk Management 236 6.5 Roadmap to Pragmatic Risk Management 236 References 239 Appendix 6A: Example of a Security Policy 239 7. Assessing Organization and Establishing Risk Management Scope 243 7.1 Assessing the Current Enterprise Environment 244 7.2 Soliciting Support From Senior Management 248 7.3 Establishing Risk Management Scope and Boundaries 259 7.4 Defining Acceptable Risk for Enterprise 260 7.5 Risk Management Committee 263 7.6 Organization-Specific Risk Methodology 264 7.6.1 Quantitative Methods 265 7.6.2 Qualitative Methods 267 7.6.3 Other Approaches 269 7.7 Risk Waivers Programs 272 References 274 Appendix 7A: Summary of Applicable Legislation 275 8. Identifying Resources and Implementing the Risk Management Team 280 8.1 Operating Costs to Support Risk Management and Staffing Requirements 281 8.2 Organizational Models 286 8.3 Staffing Requirements 287 8.3.1 Specialized Skills Required 290 8.3.2 Sourcing Options 291 8.4 Risk Management Tools 295 8.5 Risk Management Services 296 8.5.1 Alerting and Analysis Services 296 8.5.2 Assessments, Audits, and Project Consulting 296 8.6 Developing and Implementing the Risk Management/Assessment Team 298 8.6.1 Creating Security Standards 298 8.6.2 Defining Subject Matter Experts 300 8.6.3 Determining Information Sources 300 References 301 Appendix 8A: Sizing Example for Risk Management Team 302 Appendix 8B: Example of Vulnerability Alerts by Vendors and CERT 331 Appendix 8C: Examples of Data Losses—A One-Month Snapshot 336 9. Identifying Assets and Organization Risk Exposures 338 9.1 Importance of Asset Identification and Management 338 9.2 Enterprise Architecture 340 9.3 Identifying IT Assets 346 9.4 Assigning Value to IT Assets 353 9.5 Vulnerability Identification/Classification 354 9.5.1 Base Parameters 360 9.5.2 Temporal Parameters 362 9.5.3 Environmental Parameters 363 9.6 Threat Analysis: Type of Risk Exposures 367 9.6.1 Type of Risk Exposures 368 9.6.2 Internal Team Programs (to Uncover Risk Exposures) 371 9.7 Summary 371 References 371 Appendix 9A: Common Information Systems Assets 372 10. Remediation Planning and Compliance Reporting 377 10.1 Determining Risk Value 377 10.2 Remediation Approaches 380 10.3 Prioritizing Remediations 384 10.4 Determining Mitigating Timeframes 385 10.5 Compliance Monitoring and Security Metrics 387 10.6 Compliance Reporting 390 References 391 Basic Glossary of Terms Used in This Text 392 Index 415

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Book SynopsisPresented here is an all-inclusive treatment of Flash technology, including Flash memory chips, Flash embedded in logic, binary cell Flash, and multilevel cell Flash. The book begins with a tutorial of elementary concepts to orient readers who are less familiar with the subject. Next, it covers all aspects and variations of Flash technology at a mature engineering level: basic device structures, principles of operation, related process technologies, circuit design, overall design tradeoffs, device testing, reliability, and applications.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Contributors. 1 INTRODUCTION TO NONVOLATILE MEMORY (Joe E. Brewer). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Elementary Memory Concepts. 1.3 Unique Aspects of Nonvolatile Memory. 1.4 Flash Memory and Flash Cell Variations. 1.5 Semiconductor Device Technology Generations. 2 FLASH MEMORY APPLICATIONS (Gary Forni, Collin Ong, Christine Rice, Ken McKee, and Ronald J. Bauer). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Code Storage. 2.3 Data Storage. 2.4 Code+Data Storage. 2.5 Conclusion. 3 MEMORY CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGIES (Giulio G. Marotta, Giovanni Naso, and Giuseppe Savarese). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Flash Cell Basic Operation. 3.3 Flash Memory Architecture. 3.4 Redundancy. 3.5 Error Correction Coding (ECC). 3.6 Design for Testability (DFT). 3.7 Flash-Specifi c Circuit Techniques. 4 PHYSICS OF FLASH MEMORIES (J. Van Houdt, R. Degraeve, G. Groeseneken, and H. E. Maes). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Basic Operating Principles and Memory Characteristics. 4.3 Physics of Programming and Erase Mechanisms. 4.4 Physics of Degradation and Disturb Mechanisms. 4.5 Conclusion. 5 NOR FLASH STACKED AND SPLIT-GATE MEMORY TECHNOLOGY (Stephen N. Keeney, Manzur Gill, and David Sweetman). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 ETOX Flash Cell Technology. 5.3 SST SuperFlash EEPROM Cell Technology. 5.4 Reliability Issues and Solutions. 5.5 Applications. 6 NAND FLASH MEMORY TECHNOLOGY (Koji Sakui and Kang-Deog Suh). 6.1 Overview of NAND EEPROM. 6.2 NAND Cell Operation. 6.3 NAND Array Architecture and Operation. 6.4 Program Threshold Control and Program Vt Spread Reduction. 6.5 Process and Scaling Issues. 6.6 Key Circuits and Circuit/Technology Interactions. 6.7 Multilevel NAND. 7 DINOR FLASH MEMORY TECHNOLOGY (Moriyoshi Nakashima and Natsuo Ajika). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 DINOR Operation and Array Architecture. 7.3 DINOR Technology Features. 7.4 DINOR Circuit for Low-Voltage Operation. 7.5 Background Operation Function. 7.6 P-Channel DINOR Architecture. 8 P-CHANNEL FLASH MEMORY TECHNOLOGY (Frank Ruei-Ling Lin and Charles Ching-Hsiang Hsu). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Device Structure. 8.3 Operations of P-Channel Flash. 8.4 Array Architecture of P-Channel Flash. 8.5 Evolution of P-Channel Flash. 8.6 Processing Technology for P-Channel Flash. 9 EMBEDDED FLASH MEMORY (Chang-Kiang (Clinton) Kuo and Ko-Min Chang). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Embedded Flash Versus Stand-Alone Flash Memory. 9.3 Embedded Flash Memory Applications. 9.4 Embedded Flash Memory Cells. 9.5 Embedded Flash Memory Design. 10 TUNNEL DIELECTRICS FOR SCALED FLASH MEMORY CELLS (T. P. Ma). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 SiO2 as Tunnel Dielectric—Historical Perspective. 10.3 Early Work on Silicon Nitride as a Tunnel Dielectric. 10.4 Jet-Vapor Deposition Silicon Nitride Deposition. 10.5 Properties of Gate-Quality JVD Silicon Nitride Films. 10.6 Deposited Silicon Nitride as Tunnel Dielectric. 10.7 N-Channel Floating-Gate Device with Deposited Silicon Nitride Tunnel Dielectric. 10.8 P-Channel Floating-Gate Device with Deposited Silicon Nitride Tunnel Dielectric. 10.9 Reliability Concerns Associated with Hot-Hole Injection. 10.10 Tunnel Dielectric for SONOS Cell. 10.11 Prospects for High-K Dielectrics. 10.12 Tunnel Barrier Engineering with Multiple Barriers. 10.13 Summary. 11 FLASH MEMORY RELIABILITY (Jian Justin Chen, Neal R. Mielke, and Chenming Calvin Hu). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Cycling-Induced Degradations in Flash Memories. 11.3 Flash Memory Data Retention. 11.4 Flash Memory Disturbs. 11.5 Stress-Induced Tunnel Oxide Leakage Current. 11.6 Special Reliability Issues for Poly-to-Poly Erase and Source-Side Injection Program. 11.7 Process Impacts on Flash Memory Reliability. 11.8 High-Voltage Periphery Transistor Reliability. 11.9 Design and System Impacts on Flash Memory Reliability. 11.10 Flash Memory Reliability Screening and Qualifi cation. 11.11 For Further Study. 12 MULTILEVEL CELL DIGITAL MEMORIES (Albert Fazio and Mark Bauer). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Pursuit of Low-Cost Memory. 12.3 Multibit Storage Breakthrough. 12.4 View of MLC Today. 12.5 Low-Cost Design Implementation. 12.6 Low-Cost Process Manufacturing. 12.7 Standard Product Feature Set. 12.8 Further Reading: Multilevel Flash Memory and Technology Scaling. 12.9 Conclusion. 13 ALTERNATIVE MEMORY TECHNOLOGIES (Gary F. Derbenwick and Joe E. Brewer). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Limitations of Flash Memory. 13.3 NROM Memories. 13.4 Ferroelectric Memories. 13.5 Magnetic Memories. 13.6 Single-Electron and Few-Electron Memories. 13.7 Resistive and Hybrid CMOS/Nanodevice Memories. 13.8 NOVORAM/FRAM Cell and Architecture. 13.9 Phase Change Memories. Index. About the Editors.

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Book SynopsisThe landmark text on frequency synthesizers-now in paperback Frequency Synthesizers: Theory and Design, Third Edition is the newest edition of Vadim Manassewitsch''s definitive treatment of the subject. Updated to include the latest achievements in the performance of crystal-controlled oscillators, the design theory of fast-switching-time synthesizers, and an example of their practical applications, the book continues to be a complete guide for everyone who works with synthesizers. Intended to formulate basic design principles and to demonstrate design procedures meeting several stringent requirements simultaneously, its emphasis is on high-speed synthesis and its new applications in radar, spread spectrum communications, automatic test equipment, and nuclear magnetic resources. Manassewitsch describes numerous approaches to ultra-stable signal sources generating spectrally pure signals of high accuracy, and shows how various building blocks such as mixers, osTable of ContentsChapter 1. Frequency Synthesis. Chapter 2. System Analysis. Chapter 3. Shielding. Chapter 4. Analog Phase-Locked Loops. Chapter 5. Digital Phase-Locked Loops. Chapter 6. Basic Circuits. Chapter 7. Frequency Synthesizers. Chapter 8. Frequency References Sources. Chapter 9. Troubleshooting of Synthesizers. Chapter 10. Fast-Switching-Time Synthesizers. Appendix A. Appendix B. Index.

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Book SynopsisNew automated, application-independent methodology for designing and deploying sensor networks Following this book's clear explanations, examples, and illustrations, domain experts can design and deploy nontrivial networked sensing applications without much knowledge of the low-level networking aspects of deployment.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Sensor networks and traditional distributed systems. 1.2 Programming of distributed sensor networks. 1.2.1 Layers of programming abstraction. 1.2.1.1 Service-oriented specification. 1.2.1.2 Macroprogramming. 1.2.1.3 Node-centric programming. 1.2.2 Lessons from parallel and distributed computing. 1.3 Macroprogramming: What and Why? 1.4 Contributions and Outline. 2. The Abstract Task Graph. 2.1 Target applications and architectures. 2.2 Key Concepts. 2.2.1 Data Driven Computing. 2.2.1.1 Program flow mechanisms. 2.2.1.2 Why data driven? 2.2.2 Mixed Imperative-Declarative Specification. 2.3 Syntax. 2.3.1 The Structure of an ATaG Program. 2.3.2 More on Task Annotations. 2.3.3 Illustrative examples. 2.4 Semantics. 2.4.1 Terminology. 2.4.2 Firing rules. 2.4.3 Task graph execution. 2.4.4 get() and put(). 2.5 Programming idioms. 2.5.1 Object tracking. 2.5.2 Interaction within local neighborhoods. 2.5.3 In-network aggregation. 2.5.4 Hierarchical data fusion. 2.5.5 Event-triggered behavior instantiation. 2.6 Future work. 2.6.1 State-based dynamic behaviors. 2.6.2 Resource management in the runtime system. 2.6.3 Utility based negotiation for task scheduling and resource allocation. 2.6.4 Analyzing feasibility of compilation. 3. DART:The Data Driven ATaG Runtime. 3.1 Design objectives. 3.1.1 Support for ATaG semantics. 3.1.2 Platform independence. 3.1.3 Component-based design. 3.1.4 Ease of software synthesis. 3.2 Overview. 3.3 Components and functionalities. 3.3.1 Task, Data, and Channel Declarations. 3.3.2 UserTask. 3.3.2.1 Service. 3.3.2.2 Interactions. 3.3.2.3 Implementation. 3.3.3 DataPool. 3.3.3.1 Service. 3.3.3.2 Interactions. 3.3.3.3 Implementation. 3.3.4 AtagManager. 3.3.4.1 Service. 3.3.4.2 Interactions. 3.3.4.3 Implementation. 3.3.5 NetworkStack. 3.3.5.1 Service. 3.3.5.2 Interactions. 3.3.5.3 Implementation. 3.3.6 NetworkArchitecture. 3.3.6.1 Service. 3.3.6.2 Interactions. 3.3.6.3 Implementation. 3.3.7 Dispatcher. 3.3.7.1 Service. 3.3.7.2 Interactions. 3.3.7.3 Implementation. 3.4 Control flow. 3.4.1 Startup. 3.4.2 get() and put(). 3.4.3 Illustrative example. 3.5 Future work. 3.5.1 Lazy compilation of channel annotations. 3.5.2 Automatic priority assignment for task scheduling. 4. Programming and Software Synthesis. 4.1 Terminology. 4.2 Meta-modeling for the ATaG domain. 4.2.1 Objectives. 4.2.2 Application model. 4.2.3 Network model. 4.3 The programming interface. 4.4 Compilation and software synthesis. 4.4.1 Translating task annotations. 4.4.2 Automatic software synthesis. 4.4.3 The ATaG simulator. 4.4.4 Initialization. 4.4.4.1 Situatedness. 4.4.4.2 Network interface. 4.4.4.3 Network architecture. 4.4.4.4 Sensor interface. 4.4.5 Visualizing synthesized application behavior. 5 Case Study: Application Development with ATaG. 5.1 Overview of the use case. 5.2 Designing the macroprograms. 5.2.1 Temperature gradient monitoring. 5.2.2 Object detection and tracking. 5.3 Specifying the declarative portion. 5.4 Imperative portion: Temperature gradient monitoring. 5.4.1 Abstract data items: Temperature and Fire. 5.4.2 Abstract Task: Monitor. 5.4.3 Abstract Task: Temperature Sampler. 5.4.4 Abstract Task: Alarm Actuator. 5.5 Imperative portion: Object detection and tracking. 5.5.1 Abstract data items: TargetAlert and TargetInfo. 5.5.2 Abstract Task: SampleAndThreshold. 5.5.3 Abstract Task: Leader. 5.5.4 Abstract Task: Supervisor. 5.6 Application Composition. 5.7 Software Synthesis. 6 Concluding Remarks. 6.1 A framework for domain-specific application development. 6.2 A framework for compilation and software synthesis. References.

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Book SynopsisPhishing and Counter-Measures discusses how and why phishing is a threat, and presents effective countermeasures. Educating readers on how phishing attacks have been mounting over the years, how to detect and prevent current as well as future attacks, this text focuses on corporations who supply the resources used by attackers.Trade Review"…I highly recommend this as a must-read book in the collection of phishing literature." (Computing Reviews.com, September 13, 2007) "…may be used as a textbook or a comprehensive reference for individuals involved with Internet security…" (CHOICE, July 2007)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction to Phishing. 1.1 What is Phishing? 1.2 A Brief History of Phishing. 1.3 The Costs to Society of Phishing. 1.4 A Typical Phishing Attack. 1.4.1 Phishing Example: America’s Credit Unions. 1.4.2 Phishing Example: PayPal. 1.4.3 Making The Lure Convincing. 1.4.4 Setting The Hook. 1.4.5 Making The Hook Convincing. 1.4.6 The Catch. 1.4.7 Take-Down and Related Technologies. 1.5 Evolution of Phishing. 1.6 Case Study: Phishing on Froogle. 1.7 Protecting Users from Phishing. References. 2. Phishing Attacks: Information Flow and Chokepoints. 2.1 Types of Phishing Attacks. 2.1.1 Deceptive Phishing. 2.1.2 Malware-Based Phishing. 2.1.3 DNS-Based Phishing (“Pharming”). 2.1.4 Content-Injection Phishing. 2.1.5 Man-in-the-Middle Phishing. 2.1.6 Search Engine Phishing. 2.2 Technology, Chokepoints and Countermeasures. 2.2.1 Step 0: Preventing a Phishing Attack Before it Begins. 2.2.2 Step 1: Preventing Delivery of Phishing Payload. 2.2.3 Step 2: Preventing or Disrupting a User Action. 2.2.4 Steps 2 and 4: Prevent Navigation and Data Compromise. 2.2.5 Step 3: Preventing Transmission of the Prompt. 2.2.6 Step 4: Preventing Transmission of Confidential Information. 2.2.7 Steps 4 and 6: Preventing Data Entry and Rendering it Useless. 2.2.8 Step 5: Tracing Transmission of Compromised Credentials. 2.2.9 Step 6: Interfering with the Use of Compromised Information. 2.2.10 Step 7: Interfering with the Financial Benefit. References. 3. Spoofing and Countermeasures. 3.1 Email Spoofing. 3.1.1 Filtering. 3.1.2 Whitelisting and Greylisting. 3.1.3 Anti-spam Proposals. 3.1.4 User Education. 3.2 IP Spoofing. 3.2.1 IP Traceback. 3.2.2 IP Spoofing Prevention. 3.2.3 Intradomain Spoofing. 3.3 Homograph Attacks Using Unicode. 3.3.1 Homograph Attacks. 3.3.2 Similar Unicode String Generation. 3.3.3 Methodology of Homograph Attack Detection. 3.4 Simulated Browser Attack. 3.4.1 Using the Illusion. 3.4.2 Web Spoofing. 3.4.3 SSL and Webspoofing. 3.4.4 Ensnaring the User. 3.4.5 SpoofGuard Versus the Simulated Browser Attack. 3.5 Case Study: Warning the User About Active Web Spoofing. References. 4. Pharming and Client Side Attacks. 4.1 Malware. 4.1.1 Viruses and Worms. 4.1.2 Spyware. 4.1.3 Adware. 4.1.4 Browser Hijackers. 4.1.5 Keyloggers. 4.1.6 Trojan Horses. 4.1.7 Rootkits. 4.1.8 Session Hijackers. 4.2 Malware Defense Strategies. 4.2.1 Defense Against Worms and Viruses . 4.2.2 Defense Against Spyware and Keyloggers. 4.2.3 Defending Against Rootkits. 4.3 Pharming. 4.3.1 Overview of DNS. 4.3.2 Role of DNS in Pharming. 4.3.3 Defending Against Pharming. 4.4 Case Study: Pharming with Appliances. 4.4.1 A Different Phishing Strategy. 4.4.2 The Spoof: A Home Pharming Appliance. 4.4.3 Sustainability of Distribution in the Online Marketplace. 4.4.4 Countermeasures. 4.5 Case Study: Race-Pharming. 4.5.1 Technical Description. 4.5.2 Detection and Countermeasures. 4.5.3 Contrast with DNS Pharming. References. 5. Status Quo Security Tools. 5.1 An overview of Anti-Spam Techniques. 5.2 Public Key Cryptography and its Infrastructure. 5.2.1 Public key Encryption. 5.2.2 Digital Signatures. 5.2.3 Certificates & Certificate Authorities. 5.2.4 Certificates. 5.3 SSL Without a PKI. 5.3.1 Modes of Authentication. 5.3.2 The Handshaking Protocol. 5.3.3 SSL in the Browser. 5.4 Honeypots. 5.4.1 Advantages and Disadvantages. 5.4.2 Technical Details. 5.4.3 Honeypots and the Security Process. 5.4.4 Email Honeypots. 5.4.5 Phishing Tools and Tactics. References. 6. Adding Context to Phishing Attacks: Spear Phishing. 6.1 Overview of Context Aware Phishing. 6.2 Modeling Phishing Attacks. 6.2.1 Stages of Context Aware Attacks. 6.2.2 Identity Linking. 6.2.3 Analysing the General Case. 6.2.4 Analysis of One Example Attack. 6.2.5 Defenses Against our Example Attacks. 6.3 Case Study: Automated Trawling for Public Private Data. 6.3.1 Mother’s Maiden Name: Plan of Attack. 6.3.2 Availability of Vital Information. 6.3.3 Heuristics for MMN Discovery. 6.3.4 Experimental Design. 6.3.5 Assessing the Damage. 6.3.6 Time and Space Heustics. 6.3.7 MMN Compromise in Suffixed Children. 6.3.8 Other Ways to Derive Mother’s Maiden Names. 6.4 Case Study: Using Your Social Network Against You. 6.4.1 Motivations of a Social Phishing Attack Experiment. 6.4.2 Design Considerations. 6.4.3 Data Mining. 6.4.4 Performing the Attack. 6.4.5 Results. 6.4.6 Reactions Expressed in Experiment Blog. 6.5 Case Study: Browser Recon Attacks. 6.5.1 Who Cares Where I’ve Been? 6.5.2 Mining Your History. 6.5.3 CSS To Mine History. 6.5.4 Bookmarks. 6.5.5 Various Uses For Browser-Recon. 6.5.6 Protecting Against Browser Recon Attacks. 6.6 Case Study: Using the Autofill feature in Phishing. 6.7 Case Study: Acoustic Keyboard Emanations. 6.7.1 Previous Attacks of Acoustic Emanations. 6.7.2 Description of Attack. 6.7.3 Technical Details. 6.7.4 Experiments. References. 7. Human-Centered Design Considerations. 7.1 Introduction: The Human Context of Phishing and Online Security. 7.1.1 Human Behavior. 7.1.2 Browser and Security Protocol Issues in the Human Context. 7.1.3 Overview of the HCI and Security Literature. 7.2 Understanding and Designing for Users. 7.2.1 Understanding Users and Security. 7.2.2 Designing Usable Secure Systems. 7.3 Mis-Education. 7.3.1 How Does Learning Occur? 7.3.2 The Lessons. 7.3.3 Learning to Be Phished. 7.3.4 Solution Framework. References. 8. Passwords. 8.1 Traditional Passwords. 8.1.1 Cleartext Passwords. 8.1.2 Password recycling. 8.1.3 Hashed Passwords. 8.1.4 Brute force attacks. 8.1.5 Dictionary Attacks. 8.1.6 Time-Memory Tradeoffs. 8.1.7 Salted Passwords. 8.1.8 Eavesdropping. 8.1.9 One-Time Passwords. 8.1.10 Alternatives to Passwords. 8.2 Case Study: Phishing in Germany. 8.2.1 Comparison of Procedures. 8.2.2 Recent Changes and New Challenges. 8.3 Security Questions as Password Reset Mechanisms. 8.3.1 Knowledge Based Authentication. 8.3.2 Security Properties of Life Questions. 8.3.3 Protocols Using Life Questions. 8.3.4 Example Systems. 8.4 One-Time Password Tokens. 8.4.1 OTPs as a Phishing Countermeasure. 8.4.2 Advanced Concepts. References. 9. Mutual Authentication and Trusted Pathways. 9.1 The Need for Reliable Mutual Authentication. 9.1.1 Distinctions Between The Physical and Virtual World. 9.1.2 The State of Current Mutual Authentication. 9.2 Password Authenticated Key Exchange. 9.2.1 A Comparison Between PAKE and SSL. 9.2.2 An Example PAKE Protocol: SPEKE. 9.2.3 Other PAKE Protocols and Some Augmented Variations. 9.2.4 Doppelganger Attacks on PAKE. 9.3 Delayed Password Disclosure. 9.3.1 DPD Security Guarantees. 9.3.2 A DPD Protocol. 9.4 Trusted Path: How To Find Trust in an Unscrupulous World. 9.4.1 Trust on the World Wide Web. 9.4.2 Trust Model: Extended Conventional Model. 9.4.3 Trust Model: Xenophobia. 9.4.4 Trust Model: Untrusted Local Computer. 9.4.5 Trust Model: Untrusted Recipient. 9.4.6 Usability Considerations. 9.5 Dynamic Security Skins. 9.5.1 Security Properties. 9.5.2 Why Phishing Works. 9.5.3 Dynamic Security Skins. 9.5.4 User Interaction. 9.5.5 Security Analysis. 9.6 Browser Enhancements for Preventing Phishing. 9.6.1 Goals for Anti-phishing Techniques. 9.6.2 Google Safe Browsing. 9.6.3 Phoolproof Phishing Prevention. 9.6.4 Final Design of the Two-Factor Authentication System. References. 10. Biometrics and Authentication. 10.1 Biometrics. 10.1.1 Fundamentals of Biometric Authentication. 10.1.2 Biometrics and Cryptography. 10.1.3 Biometrics and Phishing. 10.1.4 Phishing Biometric Characteristics. 10.2 Hardware Tokens for Authentication and Authorization. 10.3 Trusted Computing Platforms and Secure Operating Systems. 10.3.1 Protecting Against Information Harvesting. 10.3.2 Protecting Against Information Snooping. 10.3.3 Protecting Against Redirection. 10.4 Secure Dongles and PDAs. 10.4.1 The Promise and Problems of PKI. 10.4.2 Smart Cards and USB Dongles to Mitigate Risk. 10.4.3 PorKI Design and Use. 10.4.4 PorKI Evaluation. 10.4.5 New Applications and Directions. 10.5 Cookies for Authentication. 10.5.1 Cache-Cookie Memory Management. 10.5.2 Cache-Cookie Memory. 10.5.3 C-Memory. 10.5.4 TIF-Based Cache Cookies. 10.5.5 Schemes for User Identification and Authentication. 10.5.6 Identifier Trees. 10.5.7 Rolling-Pseudonym Scheme. 10.5.8 Denial-of-Service Attacks. 10.5.9 Secret Cache Cookies. 10.5.10 Audit Mechanisms. 10.5.11 Proprietary Identifier-Trees. 10.5.12 Implementation. 10.6 Lightweight Email Signatures. 10.6.1 Cryptographic and System Preliminaries. 10.6.2 Lightweight Email Signatures. 10.6.3 Technology Adoption. 10.6.4 Vulnerabilities. 10.6.5 Experimental Results. References. 11. Making Takedown Difficult. 11.1 Detection and Takedown. 11.1.1 Avoiding Distributed Phishing Attacks—Overview. 11.1.2 Collection of Candidate Phishing Emails. 11.1.3 Classification of Phishing Emails. References. 12. Protecting Browser State. 12.1 Client-Side Protection of Browser State. 12.1.1 Same-Origin Principle. 12.1.2 Protecting Cache. 12.1.3 Protecting Visited Links. 12.2 Server-Side Protection of Browser State. 12.2.1 Goals. 12.2.2 A Server-Side Solution. 12.2.3 Pseudonyms. 12.2.4 Translation Policies. 12.2.5 Special Cases. 12.2.6 Security Argument. 12.2.7 Implementation Details. 12.2.8 Pseudonyms and Translation. 12.2.9 General Considerations. References. 13. Browser Toolbars. 13.1 Browser-Based Anti-Phishing Tools. 13.1.1 Information-Oriented Tools. 13.1.2 Database-Oriented Tools. 13.1.3 Domain-Oriented Tools. 13.2 Do Browser Toolbars Actually Prevent Phishing? 13.2.1 Study Design. 13.2.2 Results and Discussion. References. 14. Social Networks. 14.1 The Role of Trust Online. 14.2 Existing Solutions for Securing Trust Online. 14.2.1 Reputation Systems and Social Networks. 14.2.2 Third Party Certifications. 14.2.3 First Party Assertions. 14.2.4 Existing Solutions for Securing Trust Online. 14.3 Case Study: “Net Trust”. 14.3.1 Identity. 14.3.2 The Buddy List. 14.3.3 The Security Policy. 14.3.4 The Rating System. 14.3.5 The Reputation System. 14.3.6 Privacy Considerations and Anonymity Models. 14.3.7 Usability Study Results. 14.4 The Risk of Social Networks. References. 15. Microsoft’s Anti-Phishing Technologies and Tactics. 15.1 Cutting The Bait: SmartScreen Detection of Email Spam and Scams. 15.2 Cutting The Hook: Dynamic Protection Within the Web Browser. 15.3 Prescriptive Guidance and Education for Users. 15.4 Ongoing Collaboration, Education and Innovation. References. 16. Using S/MIME. 16.1 Secure Electronic Mail: A Brief History. 16.1.1 The Key Certification Problem. 16.1.2 Sending Secure Email: Usability Concerns. 16.1.3 The Need to Redirect Focus. 16.2 Amazon.com’s Experience with S/MIME. 16.2.1 Survey Methodology. 16.2.2 Awareness of Cryptographic Capabilities. 16.2.3 Segmenting the Respondents. 16.2.4 Appropriate Uses of Signing and Sealing. 16.3 Signatures Without Sealing. 16.3.1 Evaluating the Usability Impact of S/MIME-Signed Messages. 16.3.2 Problems from the Field. 16.4 Conclusions and Recommendations. 16.4.1 Promote Incremental Deployment. 16.4.2 Extending Security from the Walled Garden. 16.4.3 S/MIME for Webmail. 16.4.4 Improving the S/MIME Client. References. 17. Experimental evaluation of attacks and countermeasures. 17.1 Behavioral Studies. 17.1.1 Targets of Behavioral Studies. 17.1.2 Techniques of Behavioral Studies for Security. 17.1.3 Strategic and Tactical Studies. 17.2 Case Study: Attacking eBay Users with Queries. 17.2.1 User-to-User Phishing on eBay. 17.2.2 eBay Phishing Scenarios. 17.2.3 Experiment Design. 17.2.4 Methodology. 17.3 Case Study: Signed Applets. 17.3.1 Trusting Applets. 17.3.2 Exploiting Applets’ Abilities. 17.3.3 Understanding the Potential Impact. 17.4 Case Study: Ethically Studying Man in the Middle. 17.4.1 Man-in-the-Middle and Phishing. 17.4.2 Experiment: Design Goals and Theme. 17.4.3 Experiment: Man-in-the-Middle Technique Implementation. 17.4.4 Experiment: Participant Preparation. 17.4.5 Experiment: Phishing Delivery Method. 17.4.6 Experiment: Debriefing. 17.4.7 Preliminary Findings. 17.5 Legal Considerations in Phishing Research. 17.5.1 Specific Federal and State Laws. 17.5.2 Contract Law - Business Terms of Use. 17.5.3 Potential Tort Liability. 17.5.4 The Scope of Risk. 17.6 Case Study: Designing and Conducting Phishing Experiments. 17.6.1 Ethics and Regulation. 17.6.2 Phishing experiments—Three Case Studies. 17.6.3 Making it Look Like Phishing. 17.6.4 Subject Reactions. 17.6.5 The Issue of Timeliness. References. 18. Liability for Phishing. 18.1 Impersonation. 18.1.1 Anti-SPAM. 18.1.2 Trademark. 18.1.3 Copyright. 18.2 Obtaining Personal Information. 18.2.1 Fraudulent Access. 18.2.2 Identity Theft. 18.2.3 Wire Fraud. 18.2.4 Pretexting. 18.2.5 Unfair Trade Practice. 18.2.6 Phishing-Specific Legislation. 18.2.7 Theft. 18.3 Exploiting Personal Information. 18.3.1 Fraud. 18.3.2 Identity Theft. 18.3.3 Illegal Computer Access. 18.3.4 Trespass to Chattels. References. 19. The Future. Index. About the Editors.

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Book SynopsisA dictionary and handbook that defines the field and provides unique insight Turn to Minoli-Cordovana''s Authoritative Computer and Network Security Dictionary for clear, concise, and up-to-date definitions of terms, concepts, methods, solutions, and tools in the field of computer and network security. About 5,555 security- and IT-related words and phrases are defined. Drawing their definitions from their work experience and from a variety of established and respected sources, the authors have created a single, up-to-the-minute, and standardized resource that users can trust for accuracy and authority. The dictionary is written for industry executives, managers, and planners who are charged with the responsibility of protecting their organizations from random, negligent, or planned attacks on their information technology resources. It not only defines terms, but also provides these professionals with critical insight into the terms'' use and applicabiliTrade Review"Although this book is written for industry executives, managers, and planners, students in computer science or information science programs will find it a valuable resource. At the current price, it is an excellent buy." (CHOICE, March 2007) "…well researched and unique. It is recommended for technical and business reference collections." (American Reference Books Annual, March 2007) "…this book is mostly for managers and professionals who need a clue about a particular term or acronym…" (Computing Reviews.com, January 19, 2007)

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Book SynopsisDo you roam the road making a living, or are you enjoying the nomadic life of a retiree with a motor home? Either way, life goes on no matter where you''re hanging your hat tonight. Bills still need to be paid, grandchildren grow up way too fast, and you''ve gotten pretty dependent on your e-mail. How do you stay connected to the rest of the world while you''re on the road? For a growing number of over-the-road drivers, business travelers, and RV enthusiasts, the answer is a wireless Internet connection. With a laptop and wireless access, you can Pay bills, check accounts, and handle banking online Send and receive e-mail Surf the Web Access your home PC Make inexpensive phone calls with VoIP Watch TV, download movies, and listen to satellite radio So, you say, I see people in movies popping open their laptops and getting online wherever they happen to be. It looks awfully easywhy do I need a book? WeTable of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: The Wonderful World of Wireless Fidelity. Chapter 1: Taking the Wi-Fi Highway. Chapter 2: Selecting a Standard. Chapter 3: Gearing Up. Chapter 4: Putting Your Gear Together. Part II: Surfing the Net Unplugged. Chapter 5: Spotting Hotspots. Chapter 6: Using Truck– and RV–Friendly Hotspots. Part III: Bridging the Wireless Gap. Chapter 7: Cellular Data Services: Can You Connect Me Now? Chapter 8: Reattaching the Wired Tether. Chapter 9: Sky-High Wi-Fi. Part IV: Securing Your Information. Chapter 10: Taking Common–Sense Steps to Security. Chapter 11: Encrypting Data. Chapter 12: Accessing Your Home PC Remotely. Part V: Taking Care of Business. Chapter 13: Talking Cheap with VoIP. Chapter 14: Managing the Over-the-Road Office. Part VI: Entertaining Electronics. Chapter 15: Extra-Terrestrial Radio. Chapter 16: Taking the Show on the Road. Part VII: The Part of Tens. Chapter 17: Ten Must–Have Travel Accessories. Chapter 18: Ten Fantastic Free Applications. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe only single, up-to-date source for Grid issues in bioinformatics and biology Bioinformatics is fast emerging as an important discipline for academic research and industrial applications, creating a need for the use of Grid computing techniques for large-scale distributed applications.Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1: Open computing Grid for molecular sciences (M. Romberg, E. Benfenati, and W. Dubitzky). Chapter 2: Designing high-performance concurrent strategies for biological sequence alignment problems on networked computing platforms (B. Veeravalli). Chapter 3: Optimized cluster-enabled HMMER searches (J. P. Walters, J. Landman, and V. Chaudhary). Chapter 4: Expanding the rich of Grid computing: combining Globus and BOINC based systems (D. S. Myers, A. L. Bazinet, and M. P. Cummings). Chapter 5: Hierarchical Grid computing for high performance bioinformatics (B. Schmidt, C.X. Chen and W. Liu). Chapter 6:Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic inference (D. Trystram, and J. Zola). Chapter 7: Data syndication techniques for bioinformatics applications (C. Wang, A. Y. Zomaya, and B. B. Zhou). Chapter 8: Conformational sampling and docking on Grids (A. Tantar, N. Melab, and E-G. Talbi). Chapter 9: Deployment of Grid life sciences applications (V. Breton, N. Jacq, V. Kasam, and J. Salzemann). Chapter 10: Grid-based interactive decision support in biomedicine (A. Tirado-Ramos, P. M. A. Sloot, and M. Bubak). Chapter 11: Database-driven grid computing and distributed web applications: a comparison (H. De Sterck, A.Papo, C. Zhang, M. Hamady, and R. Knight). Chapter 12: A semantic mediation architecture for a clinical Data Grid (K. Kumpf, A. Wohrer, S. Benkner, G. Engelbrecht, and Jochen Fingberg). Chapter 13: Bioinformatics applications in Grid computing environments (A. Boukerche, A. C. Magalhaes and Alves De Melo). Chapter 14: Recent advances in solving the protein threading problem (R. Andonov, G. Collet, J-F. Gibrat, A. Marin, V. Poirriez, and N. Yanev). Chapter 15: DNA fragment assembly using Grid systems (A. J. Nebro, G. Luque, and E. Alba). Chapter 16: Seeing is knowing: Visualization of parameter-parameter dependencies in biomedical network models (A. Konagaya, R. Azuma, R. Umetsu, S. Ohki, F. Konishi, K. Matsumura, and S. Yoshikawa).

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Book SynopsisLead-free Electronics provides guidance on the design and use of lead-free electronics as well as technical and legislative perspectives. All the complex challenges confronting the elec-tronics industry are skillfully addressed: * Complying with state legislation * Implementing the transition to lead-free electronics, including anticipating associated costs and potential supply chain issues * Understanding intellectual property issues in lead-free alloys and their applications, including licensing and infringement * Implementing cost effective manufacturing and testing * Reducing risks due to tin whiskers * Finding lead-free solutions in harsh environments such as in the automotive and telecommunications industries * Understanding the capabilities and limitations of conductive adhesives in lead-free interconnects * Devising solutions for lead-free, flip-chip interconnects in high-performance integrated circuit products Each cTrade Review"If you buy only one book on Pb-free electronics to help you prepare for the Big Day, this compilation would be an excellent choice." (Chip Scale Review, March 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. Editors. Contributors. Acknowledgements. Chapter 1. Lead-Free Electronics: Overview. Chapter 2. Lead-Free Legislations, Exemptions & Compliance. Chapter 3. Lead-Free Alloys: Overview. Chapter 4. Lead-Free Manufacturing. Chapter 5. Review of Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability. Chapter 6. Constitutive Properties and Durability of Selected Lead-Free Solders. Chapter 7. Interfacial Reactions and Performance of Lead-Free Solder Joints. Chapter 8. Conductive Adhesives. Chapter 9. Component-Level Issues in Lead-Free Electronics. Chapter 10. Tin Whiskers in Electronics. Chapter 11. Lead-Free Separable Contacts and Connectors. Chapter 12 Intellectural Property. Chapter 13. Costs to Lead-Free Migration. Chapter 14. Lead-Free Technologies in the Japanese Electronics Industry. Chapter 15. Guidelines for Implementing Lead-Free Electronics. Index.

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Book SynopsisEnergizing our Future surveys and analyzes in considerable depth the present and future economic and technical viability of oil, natural gas, coal, synthetic fuel, nuclear, hydrogen, solar, biomass, wind and less well-known potential energy sources in the context of real-world production, distribution, and environmental constraints.Trade Review?This study surveys, and analyzes in considerable depth, the present and future of real-world production, distribution, and environmental constraints.? (APADE, 2009) "I greatly enjoyed this book based on its capacity to challenge, in particular, European and indeed UK thinking on energy and environmental issues? .I would recommend this text." (International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. December 2008)Table of ContentsPreface. Pursuing the Truth. Oil & Gas Consumption. PART I: A TRILOGY OF POPULAR MISCONCEPTIONS. 1. Global Warming. Conventional Wisdom. Global Warming "Forcing Agents". Dealing with Global Warming. Can Anything Be Done?. The Kyoto Protocol. 2. The Hydrogen Economy (Aka, the Impossible Dream). Hydrogen Production Methods. Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons. Natural Gas Reserves and Hydrogen. Transporting and Distributing Hydrogen. Transportation and Distribution Alternatives. Hydrogen Storage. Hydrogen Storage Approaches. Catalyzed Hydrogen Adsorption and/or Desorption. Feasibility of Metal Hydrides as Storage Media. Hydrogen Adsorption/Desorption: "Chemical Hydrides". Hydride Slurries for Hydrogen Storage and Transportation. Possible Non-Metal Hydrides/Hydrogen Carriers. Hydrocarbons via Partial Dehydrogenation. Carbon-Based Adsorption Systems. Novel Hydrogen Storage Methods. Hydrogen Carriers. Hydrogen Storage and DOE Criteria. Storage Implications for Light-Duty Vehicles. Hydrogen Storage Assessment. Hydrogen Safety. Summary of Hydrogen Issues. 3. Nuclear Energy and the Plutonium Economy. The influence of Nuclear Energy. Evolution of Reactor Designs. Generation IV Reactors. Fuel Recycling and Mixed Oxide Fuel. MOX Use in Light Water Reactors. MOX Production and Processing. Fast Breeder Reactors. Radioactive Waste Disposal. Uranium Supply Concerns. Uncertainty about Safe and Sustainable Reactor Technology. The Problem in Ontario, Canada. Fusion Power. The Future is Dimming on Nuclear Power. PART II: ENERGY OPTIONS FOR THE FUTURE. 4. Conventional Oil and Oil Reserves. Oil Reserves. Conventional Natural Gas. A Short(age) Summary. Future Supply, Demand and Pricing. Natural Gas and Synthetics. 5. Coal and Bituminous Reserves. Other Coal Processes. Underground Processing of Coal. 6. Biomass and Ethanol. Biomass Conversion Technologies. Conversion Products and By-products. Other Raw Materials for Biomass. Cost Implications of Biomass Use. Net Energy Balances. The Thermodynamics of Growing Corn. Corn Production in the United States. Federal Subsidies for Ethanol. Longer-term Ethanol Prospects. Final Ethanol Observations. 7. Methanol. Possible Fossil Sources of Syngas. Methanol as an Energy Carrier. Methanol Manufacturing and Applications. 8. Diesel and BioDiesel. "Clean Diesel" Fuel and Diesel Fuel Substitutes 152. Biodiesel. 9. Solar Energy and Photovoltaics. Solar Radiation. Solar Photovoltaic Systems. General Operation of PV Cells. Polycrystalline Thin-film Materials. Dye-sensitized Solar Cells. 10. Fuel Cells for Stationary and Mobile Use. Real-world Fuel Cell Efficiencies. User Expectations. On-board Fuel Storage Requirements. Appendix - Terms and Definitions.

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Book SynopsisAn in-depth treatment of algorithms and standards for perceptual coding of high-fidelity audio, this self-contained reference surveys and addresses all aspects of the field.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 2. Signal Processing Essentials. 3. Quantization and Entropy Coding. 4. Linear Prediction in Narrowband and Wideband Coding. 5. Psychoacoustic Principles. 6. Time-Frequency Analysis: Filter Banks and Transforms. 7. Transform Coders. 8. Subband Coders. 9. Sinusoidal Coders. 10. Audio Coding Standards and Algorithms. 11. Lossless Audio Coding and Digital Watermarking. 12. Quality Measures for Perceptual Audio Coding. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisEverything you need to know to implement and fully leverage RFID technology RFID Applied is just that--the application of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. The book discusses both the technical and the business issues involved in selecting, developing, and implementing an RFID system.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgements. Trademarks. Part A RFID Applied. Chapter 1 The Stage Is Set. Chapter 2 Past, Present, and Future of RFID. Chapter 3 Basics of RFID. Chapter 4 Beyond the Basics. Chapter 5 Recent Advances in the Technology. Chapter 6 The Business Case for RFID. Chapter 7 Industry Standards. Chapter 8 System Components. Chapter 9 Integration. Chapter 10 The Issues of Privacy and Security. Epilogue. Part B Applications in 10 Areas. RFID in the Automotive Industry. RFID in Cattle Ranching. RFID in Health Care. RFID in Manufacturing. RFID in Marine Terminal Operation. RFID in the Military. RFID in Payment Transactions. RFID in Retailing. RFID in Transportation. RFID in Warehousing and Distribution Systems. Part C RFID Activities in 10 Countries. RFID in Australia. RFID in China. RFID in France. RFID in Germany. RFID in Japan. RFID in Singapore. RFID in South Korea. RFID in Spain. RFID in the United Kingdom. RFID in the United States. Appendix A 10 Unique Applications. Appendix B 10 Useful Web Sites. Index.

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Book SynopsisSoftware Testing presents one of the first comprehensive guides to testing activities, ranging from test planning through test completion for every phase of software under development, and software under revision. Real life case studies are provided to enhance understanding as well as a companion website with tools and examples.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. 1. Overview of Testing. 2. The Software Development Lifecycle. 3. Overview of Structured Testing. 4. Testing Strategy. 5. Test Planning. 6. Static Testing. 7. Functional Testing. 8. Structural (Non-functional) Testing. 9. Performance Testing. 10. The Testing Environment . 11. Automated Testing Tools . 12. Analyzing and Interpreting Test Results. 13. A Full Software Development Lifecycle Testing Project. 14. Testing Complex Applications . 15. Future Directions in Testing. References. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisFrom stars to terrestrial networks and satellites From outdoors to indoors From ancient to future applications From techniques to technologies . . . The field of radionavigation signals and systems has seen significant growth in recent years. Satellite systems are very efficient, but owing to their limited exposure and/or availability in some environments, they do not cover the whole spectrum of applications. Thus, many other positioning techniques are being developed. Now, Global Positioning presents an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of various systems with a specific emphasis on those that are satellite-based. Beginning with a description of the evolution of positioning systems, the book provides detailed coverage of the three main Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations, discusses how to cope with indoor positioning, defines development activities and commercial positioning, and proposes a vision for the future of the field.Trade Review"There is plenty of substantial, accessible material for readers who are looking for general information on the workings and limitations of satellite-based navigation systems." (Computing Reviews, February 25, 2008) "Global Positioning will appeal to engineers for its detail, to scientists for its breadth and scope, and to the curious public who will choose to read it without concentration on its detail. Highly recommended." (CHOICE, October 2008)Table of ContentsForeword. Acknowledgements. Preface. Chapter 1. A brief history of navigation and positioning. 1.1 The first age of navigation. 1.2 The age of the great navigators. 1.3 Cartography, lighthouses and astronomical positioning. 1.4 The radio age. 1.5 The first terrestrial positioning systems. 1.6 The era of artificial satellites. 1.7 Real-time satellite navigation constellations today. 1.8 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 2. A brief explanation of the early techniques of positioning. 2.1 Discovering the world. 2.2 The first age of navigation and the longitude problem. 2.3 The first optical based calculation techniques. 2.4 The first terrestrial radio based systems. 2.5 The first navigation satellite systems: TRANSIT and PARUS/TSIKADA. 2.6 The second generation of navigation satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. 2.7 The forthcoming third generation of navigation satellite systems: QZSS and COMPASS. 2.8 Representing the world. 2.9 Exercises. Bibliography Chapter 3. Development, deployment and current status of satellite based navigation systems. 3.1 Strategic, economical and political aspects. 3.2 The global positioning satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS and Galileo.. 3.2.1 The Global Positioning System : GPS. 3.2.2 The GLONASS. 3.2.3 Galileo. 3.3 The GNSS1: EGNOS, WAAS and MSAS. 3.4 The other satellite based systems. 3.5 Differential satellite based commercial services. 3.6 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 4. Non-GNSS positioning systems and techniques for outdoors. 4.1 Introduction (large area without contact or wireless systems). 4.2 The optical systems. 4.3 The terrestrial radio systems. 4.4 The satellite radio systems. 4.5 Non-radio based systems. 4.6 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 5. GNSS system descriptions. 5.1 System description. 5.2 Summary and comparison of the three systems. 5.3 Basics of GNSS positioning parameters. 5.4 Introduction to error sources. 5.5 Concepts of differential approaches. 5.6 SBAS system description (WAAS and EGNOS). 5.7 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 6. GNSS navigation signals: description and details. 6.1 Navigation signal structures and modulations for GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. 6.2 Some explanations of the concepts and details of the codes. 6.3 Mathematical formulation of the signals. 6.4 Summary and comparison of the 3 systems. 6.5 Developments. 6.6 Error sources. 6.7 Time reference systems. 6.8 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 7. Acquisition and tracking of GNSS signals. 7.1 Transmission part. 7.2 Receiver architectures. 7.3 Measurement techniques. 7.4 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 8. Techniques for calculating positions. 8.1 Calculating the PVT solution. 8.2 Satellite’s position computations. 8.3 Quantified estimation of errors. 8.4 Impact of pseudo range errors on the computed positioning. 8.5 Impact of geometrical distribution of satellites and receiver (notion of DOP). 8.6 Benefits of augmentation systems. 8.7 Discussion on interoperability and integrity. 8.8 Effect of multipath on the navigation solution. 8.9 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 9. Indoor positioning problem and main techniques (Non-GNSS). 9.1 General introduction to indoor positioning. 9.2 A brief review of possible techniques. 9.3 Network of sensors. 9.4 Local area telecommunication systems. 9.5 Wide-area telecommunication systems. 9.6 Inertial systems. 9.7 Recap tables and global comparisons. 9.8 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 10. GNSS-based indoor positioning and a summary of indoor techniques. 10.1 HS-GNSS. 10.2 A-GNSS. 10.3 Hybridization. 10.4 Pseudolites. 10.5 Repeaters. 10.6 Recap tables and comparisons. 10.7 Possible evolutions with availability of the future signals. 10.8 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 11. Applications of modern geographical positioning systems. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 A chronological review of the past evolution of applications. 11.3 Individual applications. 11.4 Scientific applications. 11.5 Applications for public regulatory forces. 11.6 Systems under development. 11.7 Classifications of applications. 11.8 Privacy issues. 11.9 Current receivers and systems. 11.10 Conclusion and discussion. 11.11 Exercises. Bibliography. Chapter 12. The forthcoming revolution. 12.1 Time and space. 12.2 Development of current applications. 12.3 The possible revolution of everybody's daily life. 12.4 Possible technical positioning approaches and methods for the future. 12.5 Conclusion. 12.6 Exercises. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisDiscover how developments in information technology are raising new ethical debates Information and computer ethics has emerged as an important area of philosophical and social theorizing, combining conceptual, meta-ethical, normative, and applied elements.Trade Review"This book should be of interest to students and scholars in computer science, philosophy, communications, business, library science, and law. It offers a thorough examination of important and timely ethics issues and is recommended for all academic libraries." (American Reference Books Annual, March 2009) "Although each contributor's writing style is obvious, the sectional layout of the text is consistent from article to article, each beginning with an introduction, offering a conclusion for cursory review, and providing reference for further study." (CHOICE, October 2008)Table of ContentsForeword (Deborah G. Johnson). Preface. Contributors. Introduction (Kenneth Einar Himma and Herman T. Tavani). PART I: FOUNDATIONAL ISSUES AND METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS. 1. Foundations of Information Ethics (Luciano Floridi). 2. Milestones in the History of Information Ethics (Terrell Ward Bynum). 3. Moral Methodology and Information Technology (Jeroen van den Hoven). 4. Value Sensitive Design and Information Systems (Batya Friedman, Peter H. Kahn, and Alan Borning). PART II: THEORETICAL ISSUES AFFECTING PROPERTY, PRIVACY, ANONYMITY, AND SECURITY. 5. Personality-Based, Rule Utilitarian, and Lockean Justifications of Intellectual Property (Adam D. Moore). 6. Informational Privacy: Concepts, Theories, and Controversies (Herman T. Tavani). 7. Online Anonymity (Kathleen A. Wallace). 8. Ethical Issues Involving Computer Security: Hacking, Hacktivism, and Counterhacking (Kenneth Einar Himma). PART III: PROFESSIONAL ISSUES AND THE INFORMATION-RELATED PROFESSIONS. 9. Information Ethics and the Library Profession (Kay Mathiesen and Don Fallis). 10. Ethical Interest in Free and Open Source Software (Frances S. Grodzinsky and Marty J. Wolf). 11. Internet Research Ethics: The Field and its Critical Issues (Elizabeth A. Buchanan and Charles Ess). 12. Health Information Technology: Challenges in Ethics, Science, and Uncertainty (Kenneth W. Goodman). 13. Ethical Issues of Information and Business (Bernd Carsten Stahl). PART IV: RESPONSIBILITY ISSUES AND RISK ASSESSMENT. 14. Responsibilities for Information on the Internet (Anton Vedder). 15. Virtual Reality and Computer Simulation (Philip Brey). 16. Genetic Information: Epistemological and Ethical Issues (Antonio Marturano). 17. The Ethics of Cyber Conflict (Dorothy E. Denning). 18. A Practical Mechanism for Ethical Risk Assessment - A SoDIS Inspection (Don Gotterbarn, Tony Clear, and Choon-Tuck Kwan). PART V: REGULATORY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES. 19. Regulation and Governance on the Internet (John Weckert and Yeslam Al-Saggaf). 20. Information Overload (David M. Levy). 21. Email Spam (Keith W. Miller and James H. Moor). 22. The Matter of Plagiarism: What, Why, and If (John Snapper). 23. Intellectual Property: Legal and Moral Challenges of Online File Sharing (Richard A. Spinello). PART VI: ACCESS AND EQUITY ISSUES. 24. Censorship and Access to Information (Kay Mathiesen). 25. The Gender Agenda in Computer Ethics (Alison Adam). 26. The Digital Divide: Perspective for the Future (Maria Canellopoulou-Botti and Kenneth Einar Himma). 27. Intercultural Information Ethics (Rafael Capurro). Index.

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Book SynopsisWith the constant increase in applications involving image processing and multimedia procedures digital signal processing (DSP) is important for modern information engineering.Trade Review"The scope of this reference and tutorial is to introduce the algorithm basics of such processing...and new design strategies for filters in applications using spatial and frequency design constraints." (SciTech Book News Vol. 25, No. 2 June 2001)Table of ContentsContents. Preface. Introduction. Multidimensional Signals and Systems. Spatio-Temporal Scanning of Multidimensional Signals. Discrete Signals and Linear Systems. Elementary Filter Structures and the z-Tranform. Discrete Fourier Transform. Design of IIR Filters. Characteristics and Design of FIR Filters. Characteristics and Design of 2D FIR Filters for Video Signal Processing. Operators for Image Processing. Rank Order Filters. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume bridges the gap between the very detailed reference books and introductory network texts which do not cover the subject in sufficient depth. It covers communications and networks from an engineering-design perspective and includes practical "real-world" examples.Table of ContentsAbbreviations Preface Communication Systems The User Perspective The Security Perspective The Network Perspective The Link Perspective The Channel Perspective Putting it all together Answers to Exercises Index

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Book SynopsisRandom Signals, Noise and Filtering develops the theory of random processes and its application to the study of systems and analysis of random data. The text covers three important areas: (1) fundamentals and examples of random process models, (2) applications of probabilistic models: signal detection, and filtering, and (3) statistical estimation--measurement and analysis of random data to determine the structure and parameter values of probabilistic models. This volume by Breipohl and Shanmugan offers the only one-volume treatment of the fundamentals of random process models, their applications, and data analysis.Table of ContentsPreface and Introduction. Review of Probability and Random Variables. Random Processes and Sequences. Response of Systems to Random Inputs. Special Classes of Random Processes. Signal Detection. Linear Minimum MSE Filtering. Statistics. Estimating Parameters of Random Processes from Data. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis text focuses on the management of complex automated systems encountered in industrial research and covers specific technologies and application domains that are cross-disciplinary. It offers broad discussions on the many related perspectives and presents detailed case studies.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Complexity Management for Automation and Control (T. Samad). AUTOMATION AND PEOPLE. Advanced Technology in Complex Systems: Automation, People, Culture (E. Cochran & P. Bullemer). The Human Factor in Complexity (C. Miller). Perceived Complexity and Mental Models in Human-Computer Interaction (V. Riley). SENSING AND CONTROL. Active Multimodeling for Autonomous Systems (T. Samad). Randomized Algorithms for Control and Optimization (R. Kulhav?). Complexity Management via Biology (B. Morton & T. Samad). Sensors in Control Systems (J. Zook, et al.). SOFTWARE AND COMPLEX SYSTEMS. Managing the Complexity of Software (J. Krueger). Agents for Complex Control Systems (R. Sanz). System Health Management for Complex Systems (G. Hadden, et al.). COMPLEXITY MANAGEMENT AND NETWORKS. Current and Future Developments in Air Traffic Control (S. Green & J. Jackson). Complex Adaptive Systems: Concepts and Power Industry Applications (A. Wildberger). National Infrastructure as Complex Interactive Networks (M. Amin). Multiscale Networking, Robustness, and Rigor (J. Doyle). Conclusions: Automation, Control, and Complexity (J. Weyrauch). Current Affiliations and Addresses of Contributors. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThe pursuit of more efficient telecommunications has resulted in a major research push towards communication systems that are lighter, faster, more reliable and cheaper. This has given rise to great advances in devices and in fibre optics. A spin off of this research is the development of optical sensors, which use photonic materials and concepts.Trade Review"...well-planned...delivers good value for money...very readale...I recommend you take a look at it..." (Measurement & Control, March 2003) "I would recommend it as a reference work for the libraries of many scientists and engineers in all fields." (Optics & Photonics News, June 2003)Table of ContentsPART ONE: PRELIMINARY OVERVIEW Introduction to Fibre Optic Sensing Technology (J.M. Lopez-Higuera) The Commercialisation of Fibre Optic Sensors (S.D. Crossley) PART TWO: FUNDAMENTALS OF PHOTONICS AND COMPONENTS FOR SENSING Light and Waveguiding (J.L. Arce-Diego) Optical Waveguides and their Manufacture (J. Zubia and M. Lomer) Passive Bulk Optical Components for Sensing (C. Goméz-Reino, V. Pérez and C. Bao) Fibre and Integrated Optic Components for Sensing (R. Willsch and W. Ecke) Semiconductor Optical Sources for Sensing Technology (I. Esquivias and J. Arias) Photodetectors for Sensing (J.M. López-Higuera and J. Madruga) Optical Amplifiers (M.A. Rebolledo and M. López-Amo) Superfluorescent Fibre Optic Sources (J.M. López-Higuera) PART THREE: PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR SENSING Transduction Techniques based on Intensity Modulation of Light (A.C. García and J. Echevarria Cuenca) Interferometry and Polarimetry for Optical Sensing (D>J>C. Jones) Gas Spectroscopy Techniques for Optical Fibre Sensors (B. Culshaw) Distributed Optical-fibre Sensing (A. Rogers) Principles of Laser Doppler Velocimetry (D.A. Jackson and C.N. Pannell) Fibre Gyroscope Principles (S. Merlo, M. Norgia and S. Donati) Fibre Grating Technology: Theory, Photosensitivity, Fabrication and Characterization (R. Khasyap and J.M. López-Higuera) Fibre Bragg Grating Interrogation Techniques (J.L. Santos and W.N. MacPherson) Discrimination Techniques for Optical Sensors (J.D.C. Jones and W.N. MacPherson) Optical Reliability of Fibre Gratings (S. Kannan and P. Lemaire) Passive Fibre Optic Sensor Networks (A. Dandridge and C. Kirkendall) Active Fibre Optic Sensor Networks (S. Abad, M. López-Amo and I.R. Matías) PART FOUR: APPLICATIONS Optical Fibre Gratings Applications (S.T. Vohra) Laser Doppler Velocimetry Applications (D.A. Jackson and C.N. Pannell) Phototonic Sensing Technology in Civil Engineering Applications (D. Inaudi) Applications of Optical Fibre Sensors for the Nuclear Power Industry (P. Ferdinand and S. Magne) Optical Fibre Current and Voltage Sensors for the Electric Power Industry (A.H. Rose and G.W. Day) Fibre Optic Gyroscope for Industrial Applications (T. Kumagai and H. Kajioka) Optical Fibre Sensors for Fly-By-Light Aircraft (M. Kobayashi and K. Toyama) Optical Fibre Sensing of Electrical Discharges and Plasmas (G. Woolsey) Fibre Optic Sensors for Oilfield Services (R.J. Schroeder, R.T. Ramos, T. Yamate and E. Udd) Fibre Optic Biosensors (C.A. Rowe-Taitt and F.S. Ligler) Biomedical Fibre Optic Sensors (F. Baldini and A.G. Mignani) Fibre Optic Sensors for Environmental Applications (G. Holst and B. Mizaikoff) The Optical Nose (D. Walt and S. Stitzel) A New Approach to optical Fibre Sensing Techniques based on the Sensory Systems of Living Bodies (J.A. Martín-Pereda and A.P. Gonzalez-Marcos) Acronyms. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis concise text for a one-semester, graduate-level course in passive and active filters develops the fundamental principles of active and passive network synthesis as related to practical design considerations.Table of ContentsFundamentals of Network Synthesis. Filter Approximation and Frequency Transformations. Passive Filter Synthesis. Design of Resistively Terminated Networks. Active Filter Synthesis: Fundamentals. Sensitivity. The Active Biquad. Realization of Active Two-Port Networks. Design of Broadband Matching Networks. Theory of Passive Cascade Synthesis. General Theory of Compatible Impedances. Appendixes. Index.

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Book SynopsisExamines how to ground and shield electronic equipment and facilities to control interference. Explains the language of power engineers and the National Electrical Code. Lays the ground rules for safety then explains how to attack and solve problems in grounding and shielding via a field theoretic approach rather than a circuit approach.Table of ContentsBasics. An Introduction to Power Grounding. Power Grounding. Equipment and Hardware. Power Grounding. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Facility Considerations. More Basics of EMI. Index.

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Book SynopsisDeals with photonics in free space and special media such as anisotropic crystals. Covers all important topics from Fourier optics, such as the properties of lenses, optical image processing, and holography to the Gaussian beam, light propagation in anisotropic media, external field effects, polarization of light and its major applications.Trade Review"...well organized...collects all the necessary information needed to learn wave- and Fourier optics as well as fiber communication without paging through many references or basic publications." CIE News December 2003Table of ContentsWhisking through Fourier Optics. Fabry Perot Resonators and Gaussian Beams. Boundaries. Optical Guides. Planar Geometry. Propagation of Light in Crystals. Optical Properties of Crystals. Polarized Light. How to Construct and Use Poincare Sphere. Phase Conjugate Optics. Modes and Dispersion in Optical Fibers. Detecting Light. Optical Amplifiers. Transmitters. Stationary and Solitary Solutions in a Nonlinear Medium. Communicating by Fiber Optics.

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Book SynopsisThis book is also available through the Introductory Engineering Custom Publishing System. If you are interested in creating a course-pack that includes chapters from this book, you can get further information by calling 212-850-6272 or sending email inquiries to engineerjwiley.com. The authors offer a set of objectives at the beginning of each chapter plus a clear, concise description of abstract concepts. Focusing on preparing students to solve practical problems, it includes numerous colorful illustrative examples. Along with updated material on MOSFETS, the CRO for use in lab work, a thorough treatment of digital electronics and rapidly developing areas of electronics, it contains an expansive glossary of new terms and ideas.Table of ContentsCIRCUITS. Electrical Quantities. Circuit Principles. Signal Processing Circuits. Natural Response. Forced Response. Complete Response. Steady-State AC Circuits. General Network Analysis. Introduction to Systems. ELECTRONICS. Cathode-Ray Tubes. Semiconductor Diodes. Transistors and Integrated Circuits. Logic Elements. Digital Devices. Microprocessors. Operational Amplifiers. Large-Signal Amplifiers. Small-Signal Models. Small-Signal Amplifiers. ELECTROMECHANICS. Magnetic Fields and Circuits. Transformers. Principles of Electromechanics. Direct-Current Machines. Alternating-Current Machines. Automatic Control Systems. Appendix. Answers to Selected Exercises. Index.

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Book SynopsisTackles the many issues surrounding one of the most important assets in any company: its network. Modern networks need to be fast and effective to meet the ever-increasing need to for more information and faster communication. This text offers a clear and concise presentation of the key issues for those involved in the purchase, management, planning and implementation of communication networks. It provides the broad technical understanding required to ask the right questions, set viable plans and avoid expensive investment and deployment mistakes. * Explains effective and practical design techniques for communication networks * Advises how to avoid the common pitfalls associated with setting up and running a network * Focuses on the techniques for planning and assembling network technology * Presents numerous real examples This is essential reading for network designers and will be recommended reading for students in compTable of ContentsThe Enterprise. The Basics of Networking Design. Introducing the Enterprise Network Lifecycle and Design Process. Requirements Gathering and Analysis. Architectural and Physical Design. Logical Design. Operating the Network-Network Management Design. Planning for the Future. Verification, Validation, Testing and Operation. A Case Study-Data Bank. The Boldly Go... Appendices. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe performance of high-speed semiconductor devicesthe genius driving digital computers, advanced electronic systems for digital signal processing, telecommunication systems, and optoelectronicsis inextricably linked to the unique physical and electrical properties of gallium arsenide. Once viewed as a novel alternative to silicon, gallium arsenide has swiftly moved into the forefront of the leading high-tech industries as an irreplaceable material in component fabrication. GaAs High-Speed Devices provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-science look at the phenomenally expansive range of engineering devices gallium arsenide has made possibleas well as the fabrication methods, operating principles, device models, novel device designs, and the material properties and physics of GaAs that are so keenly integral to their success. In a clear five-part format, the book systematically examines each of these aspects of GaAs device technology, forming the first authoritative study to consideTable of ContentsThe Development of Gallium Arsenide Devices and IntegratedCircuits. Gallium Arsenide Crystal Structure and Growth. Epitaxial Growth Processes. Process Techniques. Lithography. Device-Related Physics and Principles. Metal-to-GaAs Contacts. GaAs Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor. High Electron-Mobility Transistor (HEMT). Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors. Resonant-Tunneling Transistors. Hot-Electron Transistors and Novel Devices. GaAs FET Amplifiers and Monolithic Microwave IntegratedCircuits. GaAs Digital Integrated Circuits. High-Speed Photonic Devices. Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents thorough coverage of the engineering aspects of modern communication systems, paying particular attention to the practical system considerations in the end-to-end construction of a typical communication link. The text is designed to provide readers with a solid background in current terminology, methodology, and procedures. This updated edition places greater emphasis on modern technology and hardware considerations, with integrated treatment of analog and digital systems. Includes new new material on oscillators, frequency generators, mixers, amplifiers, and digital and switching circuitry. Contains new examples and problems.Table of ContentsCommunication System Models. Carrier Modulation. Carrier Transmission. Carrier Reception. Carrier Demodulation. Baseband Waveforms, Subcarriers, and Multiplexing. Binary Digital Systems. Block Waveform Digital Systems. Frequency Acquisition and Synchronization. Satellite Communications. Fiber Optic Communications. Appendix A: Fourier Transforms and Identities. Appendix B: Random Variables and Random Processes. Appendix C: Orthogonal Expansions of Signals. Index.

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