Electronics and communications engineering Books
John Wiley & Sons Inc Data Mining Multimedia Soft Computing and
Book SynopsisThis is an introduction to the data mining technologies with emphasis on soft computing. Most data mining techniques so far have concentrated on flat-file applications. This new resource includes the wide range of available data types, such as images, sound, and graphics.Trade Review"…an excellent primer on the subject of data mining with an accessible introduction to the fundamental and advanced data mining technologies." (Journal of Electronic Imaging, January-March 2006) "Applied statisticians and probabilists will like this book very much." (Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, November 2005) "…the book is an impressive and broad overview...a general roadmap of what methods are available and where to look." (Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2005) "This readable survey describes multimedia, soft computing, and bioinformatics strategies for a number of data types…" (Business Horizons, September- October 2004) "…an accessible introduction to fundamental and advanced data mining technologies. It will be an excellent book for both beginners and professionals." (Computing Reviews.com, April 20, 2004) "Overall, this is a nice, easy-to-read book for those already working in the area of data mining." (Technometrics, August 2004, Vol. 46, No. 3)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction to Data Mining. 2. Soft Computing. 3. Multimedia Data Compression. 4. String Matching. 5. Classification in Data Mining. 6. Clustering in Data Mining. 7. Association Rules. 8. Rule Mining with Soft Computing. 9. Multimedia Data Mining. 10. Bioinformatics: An Application. Index. About the Authors.
£129.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc CDMA2000 Evolution
Book SynopsisCDMA2000 Evolution: Concepts and Design Principles provides: A presentation of CDMA2000 technology from the fundamental concepts, architectures and protocols to the network engineering and planning principles. Comprehensive and up to date information about the IS2000 1x Releases A through D, including 1xEV-DV, as well as 1xEV-DO or IS856 Revisions 0 and A standards. A focus on network architecture, QoS, radio network performance and dimensioning as well as comparison with other 2.5G/3G systems. Examples, graphics and diagrams to simplify the learning process. Throughout the book, the emphasis is on conceptual understanding of key techniques and protocols and their evolution from simpler legacy systems to the more advanced revisions recently made to these standards.Trade Review"This book works best as a single source reference…" (E-STREAMS, May 2005)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Acronyms. Chapter 1. Introduction to CDMA2000 Standards Evolution. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 3GPP2 and CDMA2000 Standardization. 1.3 cdmaONE Evolution to cdma2000. 1.4 References. Chapter 2. CDMA Concepts. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Spread Spectrum Concept. 2.3 Spreading Codes. 2.3.1 Walsh Codes. 2.3.2 PN Codes. 2.4 Multi-path Diversity and Rake Receiver. 2.5 Universal Frequency Reuse. 2.6 Soft Hand Off. 2.7 Power Control and Soft Capacity. 2.8 References. Chapter 3. Overview of IS95A. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Radio and Physical Channelization. 3.3 Reverse Link Physical Channels. 3.3.1 Access Channel. 3.3.2 Reverse Traffic Channels. 3.3.3 Reverse Link Physical Layer Processing. 3.4 Forward Link Channels. 3.4.1 Pilot Channel and PN Offsets. 3.4.2 Synch Channel. 3.4.3 Paging Channel. 3.4.4 Forward Traffic Channel. 3.4.5 Forward Physical Channel Processing. 3.5 Random Access Channel Operation. 3.6 Power Control Schemes in IS95A. 3.6.1 Access Power Control. 3.6.2 Open Loop Power Control on the Traffic Channel. 3.6.3 Closed Loop Power Control on Reverse Traffic Channel. 3.6.4 Forward Link Power Control. 3.7 Traffic Channel Hand Off in IS95A. 3.7.1 Soft Hand Off Scenarios. 3.7.2 Soft Hand-off Process and Parameters. 3.8 References. Chapter 4. New Concepts and Technologies in cdma2000. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Link Adaptation. 4.2.1 Adaptive Modulation and Coding. 4.2.2 Variable Channelization Spreading. 4.2.3 Physical Layer Hybrid ARQ and Incremental Redundancy. 4.3 Multiuser Diversity. 4.4 Beam-forming. 4.5 Turbo Codes. 4.6 Transmit Diversity. 4.7 Network Controlled Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV). 4.8 References. Chapter 5. CDMA2000 Protocol Layers and ChannElization. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Physical Layer. 5.3 Link Layer (Layer 2). 5.3.1 MAC Sublayer. 5.3.2 LAC Sublayer. 5.4 Layer 3 Signaling. 5.5 CDMA2000 Physical Channelization. 5.5.1 Reverse Link Physical Channels. 5.5.2 Forward Link Physical Channels. 5.6 References. Chapter 6. CDMA2000 Physical Layer Features. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Spectrum Support and Radio Configurations. 6.3 Radio Configurations and Traffic Channel Data Rates. 6.4 Data Rates on Reverse Common Physical Channels. 6.5 Data Rates on Forward Common Physical Channels. 6.6 Reverse and Forward Link Channel Coding. 6.7 Reverse Link Spreading and Modulation. 6.7.1 Reverse Link Orthogonal Channelization Spreading. 6.7.2 Reverse Link Quadrature Spreading and Modulation. 6.8 Spreading and Modulation in the Forward Link. 6.8.1 Forward Link Orthogonal Channelization Spreading. 6.8.2 Forward Link Quadrature Spreading and Modulation. 6.9 References. Chapter 7. IS2000 Call Processing. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Mobile Station Initialization State. 7.3 Mobile Stations Idle State. 7.3.1 Monitoring the Forward Common and Broadcast Channels. 7.3.2 Monitoring Broadcast Messages on F-PCH. 7.3.3 Monitoring Broadcast Messages on F-BCCH and F-CCH. 7.3.4 Monitoring Quick Paging Channel. 7.3.5 Response to Overhead Information. 7.3.6 Idle Handoff. 7.4 System Access State. 7.4.1 Enhanced Random and Reservation Access Procedures. 7.4.2 Access State Handoffs. 7.4.3 Registration. 7.5 References. Chapter 8. Traffic Channel Operation. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Traffic Channel Service Configuration and Negotiation. 8.3 Voice and Data Transmission on Traffic Channels. 8.3.1 Forward SCH Assignment. 8.3.2 Reverse SCH Assignment. 8.3.3 Admission Control and Traffic Channel Allocation. 8.4 Traffic Channel Hand Off. 8.4.1 Traffic Channel Soft Hand Off. 8.4.2 Dynamic Thresholds for Soft Handoff. 8.4.3 Soft Hand off for Supplemental Channels. 8.4.4 CDMA-to-CDMA Hard Handoff. 8.5 Traffic Channel Power Control. 8.5.1 Forward Traffic Channel Power Control. 8.5.2 Reverse Traffic Channel Power Control. 8.6 Reference. Chapter 9. CDMA2000 Network Architecture. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Legacy cdmaONE Networks. 9.3 New Network Elements in CDMA2000. 9.4 New Network Element Interfaces in CDMA2000. 9.5 Mobility Management for Packet Data Service. 9.5.1 Inter-PCF and Intra PDSN Handoff. 9.5.2 Inter PDSN Handoff. 9.5.3 Inter-PDSN Fast Hand off. 9.6 3GPP2 CDMA2000 Network Model. 9.7 3GPP2 All IP Network Model. 9.8 End-to-End QoS Network Model. 9.9 Positioning System in cdma2000. 9.10 References. Chapter 10. 1xEV-DO (HRPD) Air Interface. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Air Interface Protocol Layers. 10.3 Physical and Logical Channelization. 10.3.1 Forward Link Channels. 10.3.2 Reverse Link Channels. 10.4 Forward Physical Channel Structure. 10.4.1 Forward Traffic Channel Structure. 10.4.2 Forward MAC Channel Structure. 10.4.3 Quadrature Spreading and Modulation. 10.5 Reverse Physical Channel Structure. 10.5.1 Reverse Traffic Channel Structure. 10.5.2 Reverse Access Channel Structure. 10.5.3 Quadrature Spreading and Modulation. 10.6 Forward Link Data Transmission. 10.6.1 Forward Rate Selection. 10.6.2 Forward Link Packet Scheduling. 10.6.3 Hybrid ARQ and Multi-slot Data Transmission on the Forward Link. 10.7 Data Transmission on the Reverse Link. 10.7.1 Data Rate Selection for Reverse Data Channel. 10.7.2 Power Control on the Reverse Traffic Channel. 10.7.3 Cell/Sector Reselection. 10.8 Enhancement in HRPD/IS856 Release A. 10.8.1 Reverse Link Enhancements. 10.8.2 Forward Link Enhancements. 10.8.3 Improved Handoff and Faster Paging. 10.9 HRPD Network Architecture. 10.10 HRPD-IS2000 Hybrid Networks. 10.11 References. Chapter 11. CDMA2000 Release D (1xEV-DV). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 1X-EV DV Protocol Layers. 11.3 New Physical Channels in 1xEV-DV (Rel. C and D). 11.4 Channel Configuration Capabilities for Release D. 11.5 Forward Packet Data Channel Operation. 11.5.1 F-PDCCH Processing. 11.5.2 Hybrid ARQ on F-PDCH. 11.6 Channel Quality Measurement and Cell Switch. 11.7 Reverse Packet Data Channel Operation. 11.8 Physical Layer Structure for the New Channels. 11.8.1 Forward Packet Data Control Channel Structure. 11.8.2 Forward Packet Data Channel Structure. 11.8.3 Reverse Packet Data and Control Channels. 11.9 Other Enhancements in 1xEV-DV. 11.9.1 Broadcast/Multicast Service (BCMCS). 11.9.2 Fast Call Setup. 11.9.3 Other Signaling Enhancements. 11.10 References. Chapter 12. Radio Performance and Network Planning. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 cdma2000 Coverage and Link Budget Analysis. 12.2.1 IS2000 Reverse Link Budget Analysis. 12.2.2 IS2000 Forward Link Budget Analysis. 12.3 cdma2000 Voice and Data Capacity Performance. 12.4 1xEV-DO Coverage and Capacity Performance. 12.5 Radio Network Dimensioning and Planning Issues. 12.5.1 Greenfield Deployment. 12.5.2 Migration or Expansion of an Existing Network. 12.6 References. Chapter 13. Overview of Other IMT2000 Standards. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 IMT2000-Direct Spread, UMTS-FDD (WCDMA). 13.3 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). 13.4 IMT2000-TDD (TD-CDMA). 13.5 UMTS Network Architecture. 13.6 References. Index.
£125.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Engineering and Scientific Computations Using
Book SynopsisHelps readers understand the MATLAB environment, build their skills, and apply its features to a range of applications. This book guides readers through the most important aspects and basics of MATLAB programming and problem-solving from fundamentals to practice.Trade ReviewThe book is user-friendly and comprehensive in scope." (International Journal of General Systems, December 2003) "...offers a practical introduction to MATLAB and provides a very useful collection of MATLAB's outstanding features...highly recommended for self-study and as a complementary text...an excellent addition to the shelves of academic libraries and community college and university bookstores." (Choice, Vol. 41, No. 4, December 2003)Table of ContentsPreface vii About the Author x 1. MATLAB Basics 1 2. MATLAB Functions, Operators, and Commands 27 3. MATLAB and Problem Solving 42 4. MATLAB Graphics 99 5. MATLAB Applications: Numerical Simulations of Differential Equations and Introduction to Dynamic Systems 133 6. SIMULINK 172 Appendix: MATLAB Functions, Operators, Characters, Commands, and Solvers 207 References 225 Index 226
£94.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc The World Wide WiFi Technological Trends and
Book SynopsisWireless local area networks (WLANs) have emerged as the new wireless revolution, capable of delivering high data rates on unlicensed spectrum for office, home and public access using the IEEE 802. 11 standard named Wi-Fi. Already companies such as Starbucks and McDonald's are funding Wi-Fi kiosks for customer use.Trade Review"This book is designed for networking professionals and IT executives who are interested in developing tactics and strategies that take advantage of the exciting Wi-Fi wireless LAN market." (Microwave Journal, July 2004) "The authors provide a very approachable text to previous and present technologies in wireless local area networking, but this book is technical enough that it provides new information even to the more advanced reader." (E-Streams, Vol. 7, No. 6)Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 2. IEEE 802.11 Standards. Chapter 3. Wi-Fi Network Security. Chapter 4. QoS Provisioning for 802.11 Wireless Home Networks. Chapter 5. Wi-Fi Hotspots. Chapter 6. Market Segmentation and Analysis. Chapter 7. Wireless LAN IC Industry. Chapter 8. Emerging Trends and Case Studies for Wi-Fi. Glossary. Related Web Sites. Index. About the Authors.
£95.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Introduction to Digital Signal Processing and
Book SynopsisIntroduction to Digital Signal Processing and Filter Design provides a thorough introduction to the subject of digital signal processing, with emphasis on fundamental concepts and applications of discrete-time systems, and the synthesis of these systems to meet specification in the time and frequency domains.Trade Review"...an attractive and easy-to-understand handbook for students, and a helpful guide for engineers working in the digital signal processing field." (Computing Reviews.com, June 20, 2006) "…a good introduction to digital signal processing and filter design…there are many examples presented together with other exercises, as well as MATLAB implementations." (CHOICE, April 2006) "…this is a good introductory digital filter design book. It could be recommended to those seeking initial acquaintance with this topic." (Computing Reviews.com, January 23, 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Application of DSP. 1.3 Discrete-Time Signals. 1.4 History of Filter Design. 1.5 Analog and Digital Signal Processing. 1.6 Summary. Problems. References. 2. Time-Domain Analysis and z Transform. 2.1 A Linear, Time-Invariant System. 2.2 z Transform Theory. 2.3 Using z Transform to Solve Difference Equations. 2.4 Solving Difference Equations Using the Classical Method. 2.5 z Transform Method Revisited. 2.6 Convolution Revisited. 2.7 A Model from Other Models. 2.8 Stability. 2.9 Solution Using MATLAB Functions. 2.10 Summary. Problems. References. 3. Frequency-Domain Analysis. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Theory of Sampling. 3.3 DTFT and IDTFT. 3.4 DTFT of Unit Step Sequence. 3.5 Use of MATLAB to Compute DTFT. 3.6 DTFS and DFT. 3.7 Fast Fourier Transform. 3.8 Use of MATLAB to Compute DFT and IDFT. 3.9 Summary/ Problems. References. 4. Infinite Impulse Response Filters. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Magnitude Approximation of Analog Filters. 4.3 Analog Frequency Transformations. 4.4 Digital Filters. 4.5 Impulse-Invariant Transformation. 4.6 Bilinear Transformation. 4.7 Digital Spectral Transformation. 4.8 Allpass Filters. 4.9 IIR Filter Design Using MATLAB. 4.10 Yule-Walker Approximation. 4.11 Summary. Problems. References. 5. Finite Impulse Response Filters. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Linear Phase Fir Filters. 5.3 Fourier Series Method Modified by Windows. 5.4 Design of Windowed FIR Filter Using MATLAB. 5.5 Equiripple Linear Phase FIR Filters. 5.6 Design of Equiripple FIR Filters Using MATLAB. 5.7 Frequency Sampling Method. 5.8 Summary. Problems. References. 6. Filter Realizations. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 FIR Filter Realizations. 6.3 IIR Filter Realizations. 6.4 Allpass Filters in Parallel. 6.5 Realization of FIR and IIR Filters Using MATLAB. 6.6 Summary. Problems. References. 7. Quantized Filter Analysis. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Filter Design-Analysis Tool. 7.3 Quantized Filter Analysis. 7.4 Binary Numbers and Arithmetic. 7.5 Quantization Analysis of IIR Filters. 7.6 Quantization Analyis of FIR Filters. 7.7 Summary. Problems. References. 8. Hardware Design Using DSP Chips. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Simulink and Real-Time Workshop. 8.3 Design Preliminaries. 8.4 Code Generation. 8.5 Code Composer Studio. 8.6 Simulator and Emulator. 8.7 Conclusion. References. 9. MATLAB Primer. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Signal Processing Toolbox. References. Index.
£109.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc NanoCMOS Circuit and Physical Design
Book SynopsisBased on the authors'' expansive collection of notes taken over the years, Nano-CMOS Circuit and Physical Design bridges the gap between physical and circuit design and fabrication processing, manufacturability, and yield. This innovative book covers: process technology, including sub-wavelength optical lithography; impact of process scaling on circuit and physical implementation and low power with leaky transistors; and DFM, yield, and the impact of physical implementation.Table of ContentsFOREWORD. PREFACE. 1 NANO-CMOS SCALING PROBLEMS AND IMPLICATIONS. 1.1 Design Methodology in the Nano-CMOS Era. 1.2 Innovations Needed to Continue Performance Scaling. 1.3 Overview of Sub-100-nm Scaling Challenges and Subwavelength Optical Lithography. 1.4 Process Control and Reliability. 1.5 Lithographic Issues and Mask Data Explosion. 1.6 New Breed of Circuit and Physical Design Engineers. 1.7 Modeling Challenges. 1.8 Need for Design Methodology Changes. 1.9 Summary. References. PART I: PROCESS TECHNOLOGY AND SUBWAVELENGTH OPTICAL LITHOGRAPHY: PHYSICS, THEORY OF OPERATION, ISSUES, AND SOLUTIONS. 2 CMOS DEVICE AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGY. 2.1 Equipment Requirements for Front-End Processing. 2.2 Front-End-Device Problems in CMOS Scaling. 2.3 Back-End-of-Line Technology. References. 3 THEORY AND PRACTICALITIES OF SUBWAVELENGTH OPTICAL LITHOGRAPHY. 3.1 Introduction and Simple Imaging Theory. 3.2 Challenges for the 100-nm Node. 3.3 Resolution Enhancement Techniques: Physics. 3.4 Physical Design Style Impact on RET and OPC Complexity. 3.5 The Road Ahead: Future Lithographic Technologies. References. PART II: PROCESS SCALING IMPACT ON DESIGN 4 MIXED-SIGNAL CIRCUIT DESIGN. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Design Considerations. 4.3 Device Modeling. 4.4 Passive Components. 4.5 Design Methodology. 4.6 Low-Voltage Techniques. 4.7 Design Procedures. 4.8 Electrostatic Discharge Protection. 4.9 Noise Isolation. 4.10 Decoupling. 4.11 Power Busing. 4.12 Integration Problems. 4.13 Summary. References. 5 ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE PROTECTION DESIGN. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 ESD Standards and Models. 5.3 ESD Protection Design. 5.4 Low-C ESD Protection Design for High-Speed I/O. 5.5 ESD Protection Design for Mixed-Voltage I/O. 5.6 SCR Devices for ESD Protection. 5.7 Summary. References. 6 INPUT/OUTPUT DESIGN. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 I/O Standards. 6.3 Signal Transfer. 6.4 ESD Protection. 6.5 I/O Switching Noise. 6.6 Termination. 6.7 Impedance Matching. 6.8 Preemphasis. 6.9 Equalization. 6.10 Conclusion. References. 7 DRAM. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 DRAM Basics. 7.3 Scaling the Capacitor. 7.4 Scaling the Array Transistor. 7.5 Scaling the Sense Amplifier. 7.6 Summary. References. 8 SIGNAL INTEGRITY PROBLEMS IN ON-CHIP INTERCONNECTS. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Interconnect Parasitics Extraction. 8.3 Signal Integrity Analysis. 8.4 Design Solutions for Signal Integrity. 8.5 Summary. References. 9 ULTRALOW POWER CIRCUIT DESIGN. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Design-Time Low-Power Techniques. 9.3 Run-Time Low-Power Techniques. 9.4 Technology Innovations for Low-Power Design. 9.5 Perspectives for Future Ultralow-Power Design. References. PART III: IMPACT OF PHYSICAL DESIGN ON MANUFACTURING/YIELD AND PERFORMANCE. 10 DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURABILITY. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Comparison of Optimal and Suboptimal Layouts. 10.3 Global Route DFM. 10.4 Analog DFM. 10.5 Some Rules of Thumb. 10.6 Summary. References. 11 DESIGN FOR VARIABILITY. 11.1 Impact of Variations on Future Design. 11.2 Strategies to Mitigate Impact Due to Variations. 11.3 Corner Modeling Methodology for Nano-CMOS Processes. 11.4 New Features of the BSIM4 Model. 11.5 Summary. References. INDEX.
£140.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Content Networking in the Mobile Internet
Book SynopsisContent Delivery in Mobile/Wireless Internet presents a combined view of content and wireless technologies. It focuses not only on the latest technology enablers for speedier content delivery in the mobile Internet, but also on how to integrate them to provide workable end-to-end solutions.Trade Review"…an integrated view of both content and wireless technologies, filling the gap between the material taught at the university and expertise needed to succeed in industry." (International Journal of General Systems, June 2005) "…this essential handbook is strongly recommended for academic and corporate engineering libraries." (E-STREAMS, March 2005) "…the book is professionally written. It will be of real help to people with an interest in content delivery applications." (Computing Reviews.com, March 8, 2005)Table of ContentsPREFACE. ACRONYMS. 1 CONTENT NETWORKING IN THE MOBILE INTERNET (Sudhir Dixit and Tao Wu). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Content Networking in the Mobile Internet. 1.3 Book Overview. 1.4 Concluding Remarks. 2 MOBILE INTERNET ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW (Harri Holma and Antti Toskala). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Standardization Framework. 2.3 System Architecture and Core Network. 2.4 WCDMA Radio Access Network. 2.4.5 Evolution of WCDMA. 2.6 IS-95 Radio Access. 2.7 GSM/EDGE and WCDMA Operator Performance. 2.8 GSM/EDGE and WCDMA End-User Performance. References. 3 PROTOCOLS FOR THE WEB AND THE MOBILE INTERNET (Mitri Abou-Rizk). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 History of the World Wide Web. 3.3 The Web Today. 3.4 The Future Web. 3.5 HyperText Transfer Protocol. 3.6 Wireless Access Protocol (WAP). References. 4 CONTENT CACHING AND MULTICAST (Dan Li). 4.1 Web-Based Applications. 4.2 Scalable Content Delivery via Multicast and Caching. 4.3 IP Multicast and Reliable Multicast. 4.4 Application Layer Multicast. 4.5 Web Proxy Caching. 4.6 Summary. References. 5 CHARACTERIZING WEB WORKLOAD OF MOBILE CLIENTS (Atul Adya, Paramvir Bahl, and Lili Qiu). 5.1 Overview of Web Workload Characterization. 5.2 Overview of Previous Work. 5.3 Server Architecture and Data Gathering. 5.4 Characterizing Web Browsing Workload. 5.5 Characterizing Notification Workload. 5.6 Correlation between Web Browsing and Notification. 5.7 Comparison between Workload of Wireline Web and Mobile Web. 5.8 Summary. References. 6 ACME: A NEW MOBILE CONTENT DELIVERY ARCHITECTURE (Tao Wu, Sadhna Ahuja, and Sudhir Dixit). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Mobile Content Delivery Techniques and Related Work. 6.3 ACME Performance Analysis. 6.4 Exploiting User Interest Correlation with ACME. 6.5 ACME in Radio Resource Management. 6.6 Conclusions. References. 7 CONTENT ADAPTATION FOR THE MOBILE INTERNET (Stephane Coulombe, Oskari Koskimies, and Guido Grassel). 7.1 Motivation for Adaptation. 7.2 Multimedia Content Types. 7.3 Types of Adaptation. 7.4 Methods of Adaptation. 7.5 Capabilities and Metadata. 7.6 Adaptation Architectures. 7.7 Application Scenarios. 7.8 Standardization and Future Work. References. 8 CONTENT SYNCHRONIZATION (Ganesh Sivaraman). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Why Mobile Devices Need Synchronization. 8.3 Fundamental Principles of Synchronization. 8.4 Adoption of Synchronization for Mobile Devices. 8.5 Synchronization Standard. 8.6 Summary. References. 9 MULTIMEDIA STREAMING IN MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS (Sanjeev Verma, Muhammad Mukarram bin Tariq, Takeshi Yoshimura, and Tao Wu). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 QoS Issues for Streaming Applications. 9.3 Streaming Media Codecs. 9.4 End-to-End Architecture to Provide Streaming Services in Wireless Environments. 9.5 Protocols for Streaming Media Delivery. 9.6 3GPP Packet-Switched Streaming Service. 9.7 Multimedia Services in Mobile and Wireless Environments. 9.8 Conclusions. References. 10 MULTICAST CONTENT DELIVERY FOR MOBILES (Rod Walsh, Antti-Pentti Vainio, and Janne Aaltonen). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Multicast Overview. 10.3 The Generic IP Multicast System. 10.4 IP Datacast (IPDC). 10.5 Multicast in Third-Generation Cellular (MBMS). 10.6 Multicast Content Delivery for Mobiles in Summary and in the Future. References. 11 SECURITY AND DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT FOR MOBILE CONTENT (Deepa Kundur, Heather Yu, and Ching-Yung Lin). 11.1 Introduction to Information Security and DRM Technologies. 11.2 MPEG Intellectual Property Management and Protection. 11.3 Emerging Technologies and Applications. References. 12 CHARGING FOR MOBILE CONTENT (David Banjo). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Fixed-Line Telephony Charging. 12.3 Mobile Telephony Charging. 12.4 Aspects Pertinent to Mobile Content Charging. 12.4.5 Roaming. 12.4.6 Multiple Access. 12.4.7 Source of Charging Records. 12.4.8 Multiple Servers Involved in Delivery. 12.5 Charging Concepts and Mechanisms. 12.6 Charging Interfaces. 12.7 Charging Information. 12.8 Charging Architecture and Scenarios. 12.9 Summary. References. 13 ALGORITHMS AND INFRASTRUCTURES FOR LOCATION-BASED SERVICES (Gang Wu, Xia Gao, and Keisuke Suwa). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Taxonomy of Location. 13.3 Location Estimation Media. 13.4 Location Estimation Algorithms. 13.5 Location Estimation Systems. 13.6 Location Services Based on Cellular Systems. References. 14 FIXED AND MOBILE WEB SERVICES (Michael Mahan). 14.1 Web Services Introduction. 14.2 Web Services Foundation Technologies. 14.3 Conclusion. References. INDEX.
£138.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Fundamentals of Computer Organization and
Book SynopsisThis is the first book in the two-volume set offering comprehensive coverage of the field of computer organization and architecture. This book provides complete coverage of the subjects pertaining to introductory courses in computer organization and architecture, including: * Instruction set architecture and design * Assembly language programming * Computer arithmetic * Processing unit design * Memory system design * Input-output design and organization * Pipelining design techniques * Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISCs) The authors, who share over 15 years of undergraduate and graduate level instruction in computer architecture, provide real world applications, examples of machines, case studies and practical experiences in each chapter.Trade Review"The book takes its value from being very well organized, concise, and clear." (CHOICE, July 2005) "In addition to being an excellent tool for students, this is a thorough and dependable reference for engineers and programmers." (International Journal of General Systems, June 2005) "...a textbook that is useful as an introduction to computer organization fundamentals…" (Computing Reviews.com, March 10, 2005)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction to Computer Systems. 1.1. Historical Background. 1.2. Architectural Development & Styles. 1.3. Technological Development. 1.4. Performance Measures. 1.5. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Reading. 2. Instruction Set Architecture & Design. 2.1. Memory Locations and Operations. 2.2. Addressing Modes. 2.3. Instruction Types. 2.4. Programming Examples. 2.5. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Reading. 3. Assembly Language Programming. 3.1. A Simple Machine. 3.2. Instructions Mnemonics and Syntax. 3.3. Assembler Directives and Commands. 3.4. Assembly and Execution of Programs. 3.5. Example: The X 86 Family. 3.6. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Reading. 4. Computer Arithmetic. 4.1. Number Systems. 4.2. Integer Arithmetic. 4.3. Floating Point Arithmetic. 4.4. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Readings. 5. Processing Unit Design. 5.1. CPU Basics. 5.2. Register Set. 5.3. Data Path. 5.4. The CPU Instruction Cycle. 5.5. Control Unit. 5.6. Summary. Exercises. References. 6. Memory System Design I. 6.1. Basic Concepts. 6.2. Cache Memory. 6.3. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Readings. 7. Memory System Design II. 7.1. Main Memory. 7.2. Virtual Memory. 7.3. Read-Only Memory. 7.4. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Readings. 8. Input-Output Design and Organization. 8.1. Basic Concepts. 8.2. Programmed I/O. 8.3. Interrupt-Driven I/O. 8.4. Direct Memory Access (DMA). 8.5. Busses. 8.6. Input-Output Interfaces. 8.7. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Readings. 9. Pipelining Design Techniques. 9.1. General Concepts. 9.2. Instruction Pipeline. 9.3. Arithmetic pipeline. 9.4. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Reading. 10. Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISCs). 10.1. RISC/CISC Evolution Cycle. 10.2. RISCs Design Principles. 10.3. Overlapped Register Windows. 10.4. RISCs Versus CISCs. 10.5. Pioneer (University) RISC Machines. 10.6. Example of Advanced RISC Machines. 10.7. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Readings. 11. Introduction to Multiprocessors. 11.1. Introduction. 11.2. Classification of Computer Architectures. 11.3. SIMD Schemes. 11.4. MIMD Schemes. 11.5. Interconnection Networks. 11.6. Analysis and Performance Metrics. 11. 7. Summary. Exercises. References and Further Readings. Index.
£131.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Antenna Arraying Techniques in the Deep Space
Book SynopsisAntenna arraying is the combining of the output from several antennas in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal. This work gives an introduction to antenna arraying in the deep space network.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 2. Background of Arraying in the Deep Space Network. Chapter 3. Arraying Concepts. Chapter 4. Overview of Arraying Techniques. Chapter 5. Single-Receiver Performance. Chapter 6. Arraying Techniques. Chapter 7. Arraying Combinations and Comparisons. Chapter 8. Correlation Algorithms. Chapter 9. Current Arraying Capability. Chapter 10. Future Development. Appendix A. Antenna Location. Appendix B. Array Availability. Appendix C. Demodulation Process. Appendix D. Gamma Factors for DSN Antennas. Appendix E. Closed-Loop Performance. Appendix F. Subcarrier and Symbol-Loop SNR Performance. Appendix G. Derivation of Equations for Complex-Symbol Combining. General Reference List. Acronyms and Abbreviations.
£142.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc KnowledgeBased Clustering
Book Synopsis A comprehensive coverage of emerging and current technology dealing with heterogeneous sources of information, including data, design hints, reinforcement signals from external datasets, and related topics Covers all necessary prerequisites, and if necessary,additional explanations of more advanced topics, to make abstract concepts more tangible Includes illustrative material andwell-known experimentsto offer hands-on experience Trade Review"I agree with Zadeh's opinion (mentioned at the end of book's foreword): 'The author and the publisher deserve our loud applause and congratulations.'" (Computing Reviews.com, May 19, 2005)Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. 1. Clustering and Fuzzy Clustering. 1. Introduction. 2. Basic Notions and Notation. 2.1 Types of Data. 2.2 Distance and Similarity. 3. Main Categories of Clustering Algorithms. 3.1 Hierarchical Clustering. 3.2 Objective Function – Based Clustering. 4. Clustering and Classification. 5. Fuzzy Clustering. 6. Cluster Validity. 7. Extensions of Objective Function-Based Fuzzy Clustering. 7.1 Augmented Geometry of Fuzzy Clusters: Fuzzy C-Varieties. 7.2 Possibilistic Clustering. 7.3 Noise Clustering. 8. Self Organizing Maps and Fuzzy Objective Function Based Clustering. 9. Conclusions. References. 2. Computing with Granular Information: Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Relations. 1. A Paradigm of Granular Computing: Information Granules and their Processing. 2. Fuzzy Sets as Human-Centric Information Granules. 3. Operations on Fuzzy Sets. 4. Fuzzy Relations. 5. Comparison of Two Fuzzy Sets. 6. Generalizations of Fuzzy Sets. 7. Shadowed Sets. 8. Rough Sets. 9. Granular Computing and Distributed Processing. 10. Conclusions. References. 3. Logic-Oriented Neurocomputing. 1. Introduction. 2. Main Categories of Fuzzy Neurons. 2.1 Aggregative Neurons. 2.2 Referential (reference) Neurons. 3. Architectures of Logic Networks. 4. Interpretation Aspects of the Networks. 5. The Granular Interfaces of Logic Processing. 6. Conclusions. References. 4. Conditional Fuzzy Clustering. 1. Introduction. 2. Problem Statement: Context Fuzzy Sets and Objective Function. 3. The Optimization Problem. 4. Computational Considerations of Conditional Clustering. 5. Generalizations of the Algorithm Through the Aggregation Operator. 6. Fuzzy Clustering with Spatial Constraints. 7. Conclusions. References. 5. Clustering with Partial Supervision. 1. Introduction. 2. Problem Formulation. 3. The Design of the Clusters. 4. Experimental Examples. 5. Cluster-Based Tracking Problem. 6. Conclusions. References. 6. Principles of Knowledge-Based Guidance in Fuzzy Clustering. 1. Introduction. 2. Examples of Knowledge-Oriented Hints and their General Taxonomy. 3. The Optimization Environment of Knowledge-Enhanced Clustering. 4. Quantification of Knowledge-Based Guidance Hints and Their Optimization. 5. The Organization of the Interaction Process. 6. Proximity – Based Clustering (P-FCM). 7. Web Exploration and P-FCM. 8. Linguistic Augmentation of Knowledge-Based Hints. 9. Concluding Comments. References. 7. Collaborative Clustering. 1. Introduction and Rationale. 2. Horizontal and Vertical Clustering. 3. Horizontal Collaborative Clustering. 3.1 Optimization Details. 3.2 The Flow of Computing of Collaborative Clustering. 3.3 Quantification of the Collaborative Phenomenon of the Clustering. 4. Experimental Studies. 5. Further Enhancements of Horizontal Clustering. 6. The Algorithm of Vertical Clustering. 7. A Grid Model of Horizontal and Vertical Clustering. 8. Consensus Clustering. 9. Conclusions. References. 8. Directional Clustering. 1. Introduction. 2. Problem Formulation. 2.1 The Objective Function. 2.2 The Logic Transformation Between Information Granules. 3. The Algorithm. 4. The Overall Development Framework of Directional Clustering. 5. Numerical Studies. 6. Conclusions. References. 9. Fuzzy Relational Clustering. 1. Introduction and Problem Statement. 2. FCM for Relational Data. 3. Decomposition of Fuzzy Relational Patterns. 3.1 Gradient-Based Solution to the Decomposition Problem. 3.2 Neural Network Model of the Decomposition Problem. 4. Comparative Analysis. 5. Conclusions. References. 10. Fuzzy Clustering of Heterogeneous Patterns. 1. Introduction. 2. Heterogeneous Data. 3. Parametric Models of Granular Data. 4. Parametric Mode of Heterogeneous Fuzzy Clustering. 5. Nonparametric Heterogeneous Clustering. 5.1 A Frame of Reference. 5.2 Representation of Granular Data Through the Possibility-Necessity Transformation. 5.3 Dereferencing. 6. Conclusions. References. 11. Hyperbox Models of Granular Data: The Tchebyschev FCM. 1. Introduction. 2. Problem Formulation. 3. The Clustering Algorithm-Detailed Considerations. 4. The Development of Granular Prototypes. 5. The Geometry of Information Granules. 6. Granular Data Description: A General Model. 7. Conclusions. References. 12. Genetic Tolerance Fuzzy Neural Networks. 1. Introduction. 2. Operations of Thresholdings and Tolerance: Fuzzy Logic-Based Generalizations. 3. The Topology of the Logic Network. 4. Genetic Optimization. 5. Illustrative Numeric Studies. 6. Conclusions. References. 13. Granular Prototyping. 1. Introduction. 2. Problem Formulation. 2.1 Expressing Similarity Between Two Fuzzy Sets. 2.2 Performance Index (objective function). 3. Prototype Optimization. 4. The Development of Granular Prototypes. 4.1 Optimization of the Similarity Levels. 4.2 An Inverse Similarity Problem. 5. Conclusions. References. 14. Granular Mappings. 1. Introduction and Problem Statement. 2. Possibility and Necessity measure as the Computational Vehicle of Granular Representation. 3. Building the Granular Mapping. 4. The Design of Multivariable Granular Mappings Through Fuzzy Clustering. 5. Quantification of Granular Mappings. 6. Experimental Studies. 7. Conclusions. References. 15. Linguistic Modeling. 1. Introduction. 2. The Cluster-Based Representation of the Input – Output Mapping. 3. Conditional Clustering in the development of a blueprint of granular models. 4. Granular neuron as a Generic Processing Element in Granular Networks. 5. The Architecture of Linguistic Models Based on Conditional Fuzzy Clustering. 6. Refinements of Linguistic Models. 7. Conclusions. References. Bibliography. Index.
£107.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Radar Signals Wiley IEEE
Book SynopsisA text and general reference on the design and analysis of radar signals As radar technology evolves to encompass a growing spectrum of applications in military, aerospace, automotive, and other sectors, innovations in digital signal processing have risen to meet the demand.Trade Review"There is a lot for the practicing engineer to like in this book…As it takes its place on the shelf, it will be a ready and rich deposit of knowledge for analysis and design." (IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, November 2005) "This book is devoted to the design and analysis of radar signals." (Microwave Journal, January 2005) "…provides an excellent 400-page overview of radar signals…and how to generate, simulate, and analyze such signals." (Microwaves & RF.com, H16, October 22, 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 2. Matched Filter. 3. Ambiguity Function. 4. Basic Radar Signals. 5. Frequency Modulated Pulse. 6. Phase Coded Pulse. 7. Coherent Train of LFM Pulses. 8. Diverse PRI Pulse Trains. 9. Coherent Train of Diverse Pulses. 10. Continuous-Wave Signals. 11. Multicarrier Phase-Coded Signals. Appendix: Advanced MATLAB Programs. Index.
£126.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Tech Mining
Book SynopsisTech Mining makes exploitation of text databases meaningful to those who can gain from derived knowledge about emerging technologies. It begins with the premise that we have the information, the tools to exploit it, and the need for the resulting knowledge. The information provided puts new capabilities at the hands of technology managers. Using the material present, these managers can identify and access the most valuable technology information resources (publications, patents, etc.); search, retrieve, and clean the information on topics of interest; and lower the costs and enhance the benefits of competitive technological intelligence operations.Trade Review"...useful to a variety of institutions, programs, and people." (E-STREAMS, August 2005) "Two data mining practitioners explain how to use the available software tools…to quickly access the technological information needed to gain competitive advantage." (Research Technology Management, May-June 2005)Table of ContentsList of Figures. Preface. Acknowledgments. Acronyms & Shorthands—Glossary. PART I. UNDERSTAND TECH MINING. Chapter 1. Technological Innovation and the Need for Tech Mining. 1.1 Why Innovation is Significant. 1.2 Innovation Processes. 1.3 Innovation Institutions and Their Interests. 1.4 Innovators and Their Interests. 1.5 Technological Innovation in an Information Age. 1.6 Information About Emerging Technologies. Chapter 1 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. Chapter 2. How Tech Mining Works. 2.1 What is Tech Mining? 2.2 Why Do Tech Mining? 2.3 What Is Tech Mining’s Ancestry? 2.4 How to Conduct the Tech Mining Process? 2.5 Who Does Tech Mining? 2.6 Where Is Tech Mining Most Needed? Chapter 2 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. Chapter 3. What Tech Mining Can Do for You. 3.1 Tech Mining Basics. 3.2 Tech Mining Analyses. 3.3 Putting Tech Mining Information to Good Use. 3.4 Managing and Measuring Tech Mining. Chapter 3 Take-Home Messages. Chapter 4. Example Results: Fuel Cells Tech Mining. 4.1 Overview of Fuel Cells. 4.2 Tech Mining Analyses. 4.3 Tech Mining Results. 4.4 Tech Mining Information Processes. 4.5 Tech Mining Information Products. Chapter 4 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. Chapter 5. What to Watch For in Tech Mining. 5.1 Better Basics. 5.2 Research Profiling and Other Perspectives on the Data. 5.3 More Informative Products. 5.4 Knowledge Discovery. 5.5 Knowledge Management. 5.6 New Tech Mining Markets. 5.7 Dangers. Chapter 5 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. PART II. DOING TECH MINING. Chapter 6. Finding the Right Sources. 6.1 R&D Activity. 6.2 R&D Output Databases. 6.3 Determining the Best Sources. 6.4 Arranging Access to Databases. Chapter 6 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. Chapter 7. Forming the Right Query. 7.1 An Iterative Process. 7.2 Queries Based on Substantive Terms. 7.3 Nominal Queries. 7.4 Tactics and Strategies for Query Design. 7.5 Changing the Query. Chapter 7 Take-Home Messages. Chapter 8. Getting the Data. 8.1 Accessing Databases. 8.2 Search and Retrieval from a Database. 8.3 What to Do, and Not to Do. Chapter 8 Take-Home Messages. Chapter 9. Basic Analyses. 9.1 In the Beginning. 9.2 What You Can Do with the Data. 9.3 Relations Among Documents and Terms Occurring in Their Information Fields. 9.4 Relationships. 9.5 Helpful Basic Analyses. Chapter 9 Take-Home Messages. Chapter 10. Advanced Analyses. 10.1 Why Perform Advanced Analyses? 10.2 Data Representation. 10.3 Analytical Families. Chapter 10 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. Chapter 11. Trend Analyses. 11.1 Perspective. 11.2 An Example Time Series Description and Forecast. 11.3 Multiple Forecasts. 11.4 Research Fronts. 11.5 Novelty. Chapter 11 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. Chapter 12. Patent Analyses. 12.1 Why patent Analyses? 12.2 Getting Started. 12.3 The ‘What’ and ‘Why’ of patent Analysis. 12.4 Tech Mining Patent Analysis Case Illustration: Fuel Cells. 12.5 Patent Citation Analysis. 12.6 For Whom? 12.7 TRIZ. 12.8 Reflections. Chapter 12 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. Chapter 13. Generating and Presenting Innovation Indicators. 13.1 Expert Opinion in Tech Mining. 13.2 Innovation Indicators. 13.3 Information Representation and Packaging. 13.4 Examples of Putting Tech Mining Information Representation to Use. 13.5 Summing Up. Chapter Resources. Chapter 14. Managing the Tech Mining Process. 14.1 Tough Challenges. 14.2 Tech Mining Communities. 14.3 Process Management. 14.4 Enhancing the Prospects of Tech Mining Utilization. 14.5 Institutionalizing the Tech Mining Function. 14.6 The Learning Curve. Chapter 14 Take-Home Messages. Chapter 15. Measuring Tech Mining Results. 15.1 Why Measure? 15.2 What to Measure. 15.3 How to Measure. 15.4 Enabling Measurement. 15.5 Effective Measurement. 15.6 Using Measurements to Bolster Tech Mining. Chapter 15 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. Chapter 16. Examples Process: Tech Mining on Fuel Cells. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 First Step: Issue Identification. 16.3 Second Step: Selection of Information Sources. 16.4 Third Step: Search Refinement and Data Retrieval. 16.5 Fourth Step: Data Cleaning. 16.6 Fifth Step: Basic Analyses. 16.7 Sixth Step: Advanced Analyses. 16.8 Seventh Step: Representation. 16.9 Eight Step: Interpretation. 16.10 Ninth Step: Utilization. 16.11 What Can We Learn. Chapter 6 Take-Home Messages. Chapter Resources. Appendix A: Selected Publication and patent Databases. Appendix B: Text Mining Software. Appendix C: What You Can Do Without Tech Mining Software. Appendix D: Statistics and Distributions for Analyzing Text Entities. References. Index.
£116.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Parts Selection and Management
Book SynopsisA guide to increasing company profitability and reducing the time-to-profit through the efficient management of the process of parts selection and management. Taking an 'eyes-on, hands-off' approach to parts selection, it addresses risk-assessment, decision-making steps, and subsequent management activities.Trade Review"…provides comprehensive and valuable insights into risk assessment, decision-making steps, and immediate management activities…" (E-STREAMS, April 2005)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. An Additional Acknowledgment. Editor. Authors. Acronyms. Chapter 1. Motivation for a Parts Selection and Management Program (Sanjay Tiku and Michael Pecht). 1.1 Technology Advances. 1.2 Market Challenges. 1.3 Sypply Chain Trends. 1.4 Availability and Life Cycle Mismatch Issues. 1.5 Standards Reorganization. 1.6 Objectives of a Parts Selection and Management Program. 1.7 References. Chapter 2. Methodology for Parts Selection and Management (Margaret Jackson, et al.). 2.1 Responsbilities and Composition of the Parts Management Team. 2.2 The Overall Parts Selection and Management Methodology. 2.3 Product Requirements and Constraints Identification. 2.4 Technology Sensing and Cascading. 2.5 Candidate Part and Part Manufacturer Selection. 2.6 Manufacturer, Part, and Distributor Assessments. 2.7 Determination of the Local Environment. 2.8 Performance Assessment. 2.9 Reliability Assessment. 2.10 Assembly Assessment. 2.11 Life Cycle Mismatch Assessment. 2.12 Risk Management. 2.13 References. Chapter 3. Product Requirements, Constraints, and Specifications (Peter Sandborn and Chris Wilkinson). 3.1 Product Requirements Definition and Realization Constraints. 3.2 Who Defines the Requirements and Constraints? 3.3 Requirements and Constraints Definition Risks. 3.4 The Requirements Document. 3.5 Approving Requirements and Contraints - Buy-in. 3.6 Preliminary Specification. 3.7 Requirements Tracking. 3.8 Summary. 3.9 References. Chapter 4. Using the Part Datasheet (Diganta Das and Michael Pecht). 4.1 The Contents of a Datasheet. 4.2 The Status of the Part and Datasheet. 4.3 The Part Number. 4.4 Ratings of an Electronic Part. 4.5 Reliability Information. 4.6 Thermal Characteristics. 4.7 Electrical Specifications. 4.8 Derating and Safe Operating Area. 4.9 Summary. 4.10 References. Chapter 5. Candidate Parts Selection: Making the First Cut (Diganta Das and Peter Sandborn). 5.1 Candidate Part Identification Process. 5.2 Part Databases. 5.3 Part Procurement. 5.4 Summary. 5.5 References. Chapter 6. Manufacturer Assessment Procedure and Criteria (Toby Syrus, et al.). 6.1 Manufacturer Assessment Process. 6.2 Manufacturer Identification. 6.3 Manufacturer Assessment Categories. 6.4 Results. 6.5 Summary. 6.6 References. Chapter 7. Part Assessment Guidelines and Criteria (Toby Syrus, et al.). 7.1 Part Assessment Process. 7.2 Part Grouping. 7.3 Part Assessment Categories. 7.4 Case Study Results. 7.5 Summary. 7.6 References. Chapter 8. Electronic Part Distribution and Distributor Assessment (Sanjay Tiku, et al.). 8.1 Why Part Manufacturers Use Distributors. 8.2 Why Customers Buy From Distributors. 8.3 Types of Electronic Parts Distributors. 8.4 Distributor Identification for Assessment. 8.5 Distributor Assessment. 8.6 Summary. 8.7 References. Chapter 9. Tracking Part Changes Through the Part Supply Chain (Steven Murray, et al.). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Manufacturers Change Control. 9.3 Standards and Authorities for Notifying Customers of Part Changes. 9.4 Change Notification Paths. 9.5 Case Study: Change Notification Policies in Practice. 9.6 Case Study: Examples of Commonly Made Changes. 9.8 References. Chapter 10. Parts Selection and Management to Avoid Counterfeit Electronic Parts (Sanjay Tiku, et al.). 10.1 Business and National Security Implications of Conterfeiting. 10.2 Examples of Counterfeit Electronic Parts. 10.3 Legislative Initiatives and Organized Activities Against Counterfeiting. 10.4 Preventing Counterfeiting of Parts: Recommendations for Electronic Part Manufacturers. 10.5 Preventing Supply of Counterfeit Parts: Recommendations for OEMs. 10.6 Summary. 10.7 References. Chapter 11. Equipment Supplier Intervention Techniques (Anant Mathur, et al.). 11.1 The Parts Selection and Management Process. 11.2 Why Use Equipment Supplier Intervention? 11.3 Methods of Equipment Supplier Intervention. 11.4 Cost Implications of Equipment Supplier Intervention. 11.5 Provisional Acceptance. 11.6 Case Study. 11.7 Summary. 11.8 References. Chapter 12. Determination of the Life Cycle Environment (Niranjan Vijayaragavan, et al.). 12.1 Defining the Life Cycle Environmental Profile. 12.2 Steps in Developing an LCEP. 12.3 Considerations and Recommendations. 12.4 Life Cycle Phases and Environmental Factors. 12.5 Environmental Factors and Their Effects. 12.6 Quantification of Environmental Loads. 12.7 Summary. 12.8 References. Chapter 13. Performance (Diganta Das, et al.). 13.1 Methods of Mitigating the Discrepancy Between System Needs and Part Ratings. 13.2 Methods of Uprating. 13.3 Parameter Conformance. 13.4 Parameter Recharacterization. 13.5 Stress Balancing. 13.6 Reliability Issues with Uprating. 13.7 Case Study: Single Inline Memory Module. 13.8 References. Chapter 14. Reliability Assessment (Michael Pecht and Jingsong Xie). 14.1 Candidate Part. 14.2 Life Cycle Loads. 14.3 Using Tests to Assess Reliability. 14.4 Using Virtual Reliability Assessment to Assess Reliability. 14.5 Using Accelerated Testing to Assess Reliability. 14.6 Conduct the Accelerated Tests. 14.7 Summary. 14.8 References. Chapter 15. Assembly Requirements and Constraints Assessment (Peter Sandborn and Michael Pecht). 15.1 Assembly Compatibility. 15.2 Routing Compatibility. 15.3 Test and Rework Acceptability. 15.4 References. Chapter 16. Obsolescence Prediction and Management (Michael Pecht, et al.). 16.1 Life-cycle Stages. 16.2 Life-cycle Forecasting Methodology. 16.3 Obsolescence Management Tactics and Strategies. 16.4 Economics of Obsolescence Management Strategies. 16.5 References. Chapter 17. Part Acceptance and Risk Management (Peter Sandborn). 17.1 Risk Assessment Process. 17.2 The Risk Pool. 17.3 Managing Risks During Part Selection. 17.4 Management Plan. 17.5 Management During Part Use. 17.6 Unmanaged Risks. 17.7 Summary. 17.8 References. Chapter 18. Environmental and Legislative Issues (Paul Casey and Yuki Fukuda). Legislation for Eliminating Lead in Electronics. 18.2 Lead-free Components. 18.3 Environmentally Friendly Molding Compounds. 18.4 Industry Groups Involved with Lead and Halogen-free Electronics. 18.5 References. Chapter 19. Legal Liabilities (Ray Biagini and Michael Pecht). 19.1 Determining the Plaintiffs and the Defendants. 19.2 Determining the Court That Will Hear the Case. 19.3 The Plaintiff's Claims. 19.4 The Defendant's Rebuttal. 19.5 Unique Aspects of International Law. 19.6 Summary. 19.7 References. Appendices. Index.
£117.85
Wiley Fundamentals of Light Sources and Lasers
Book SynopsisThe generation of coherent light by lasers is an important application of photonics and fiber optics. Lasers play an important role in such diverse areas as telecommunications, medicine, and welding. This book is designed as an introduction to lasersaACAACAcovering both theory and practical applications.Trade Review"…an excellent text for undergraduate classes and a useful reference for scientists and engineers." (Optics & Photonics News, September 2006) "…the book does serve as a good introduction…" (CHOICE, April 2005) “…provides a comprehensive introduction to lasers…” (Materials Today, October 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Light and Blackbody Emission. 2. Atomic Emission. 3. Quantum Mechanics. 4. Lasing Action. 5. Lasing Transitions and Gain. 6. Cavity Optics. 7. Fast-Pulse Production. 8. Nonlinear Optics. 9. Visible Gas Lasers. 10. UV Gas Lasers. 11. Infrared Gas Lasers. 12. Solid-State Lasers. 13. Semiconductor Lasers. 14. Tunable Dye Lasers. Index.
£128.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc CMOS Electronics How It Works How It Fails
Book SynopsisCMOS manufacturing environments are surrounded with symptoms that can indicate serious test, design, or reliability problems, which, in turn, can affect the financial as well as the engineering bottom line. This book will teach readers, including non-engineers involved in CMOS manufacture, to identify and remedy these causes.Trade Review"...an essential text for practitioners in the CMOS industry or for students headed there…" (IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society Newsletter, October 2004)Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. PART I: CMOS FUNDAMENTALS. 1 Electrical Circuit Analysis. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Voltage and Current Laws. 1.3 Capacitors. 1.4 Diodes. 1.5 Summary. Bibliography. Exercises. 2 Semiconductor Physics. 2.1 Semiconductor Fundamentals. 2.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors. 2.3 Carrier Transport in Semiconductors. 2.4 The pn Junction. 2.5 Biasing the pn Junction: I–V Characteristics. 2.6 Parasitics in the Diode. 2.7 Summary. Bibliography. Exercises. 3 MOSFET Transistors. 3.1 Principles of Operation: Long-Channel Transistors. 3.2 Threshold Voltage in MOS Transistors. 3.3 Parasitic Capacitors in MOS Transistors. 3.4 Device Scaling: Short-Channel MOS Transistors. 3.5 Summary. References. Exercises. 4 CMOS Basic Gates. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 The CMOS Inverter. 4.3 NAND Gates. 4.4 NOR Gates. 4.5 CMOS Transmission Gates. 4.6 Summary. Bibliography. Exercises. 5 CMOS Basic Circuits. 5.1 Combinational logic. 5.2 Sequential Logic. 5.3 Input–Output (I/O) Circuitry. 5.4 Summary. References. Exercises. PART II FAILURE MODES, DEFECTS, AND TESTING OF CMOS Ics. 6 Failure Mechanisms in CMOS IC Materials. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Materials Science of IC Metals. 6.3 Metal Failure Modes. 6.4 Oxide Failure Modes. 6.5 Conclusion. Acknowledgments. Bibliography. Exercises. 7 Bridging Defects. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Bridges in ICs: Critical Resistance and Modeling. 7.3 Gate Oxide Shorts (GOS). 7.4 Bridges in Combinational Circuits. 7.5 Bridges in Sequential Circuits. 7.6 Bridging Faults and Technology Scaling. 7.7 Conclusion. References. Exercises. 8 Open Defects. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Modeling Floating Nodes in ICs. 8.3 Open Defect Classes. 8.4 Summary. References. Exercises. 9 Parametric Failures. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Intrinsic Parametric Failures. 9.3 Intrinsic Parametric Failure Impact on IC Behavior. 9.4 Extrinsic Parametric Failure. 9.5 Conclusion. References. Exercises. 10 Defect-Based Testing. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Digital IC Testing: The Basics. 10.3 Design for Test. 10.4 Defect-Based Testing (DBT). 10.5 Testing Nanometer ICs. 10.6 Conclusions. Bibliography. References. Exercises. Appendix A: Solutions to Self-Exercises. A.1 Chapter 1. A.2 Chapter 3. A.3 Chapter 4. A.4 Chapter 5. A.5 Chapter 6. A.6 Chapter 7. A.8 Chapter 8. A.8 Chapter 10. Index. About the Authors.
£125.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Software Paradigms
Book SynopsisSoftware Paradigms provides the first complete compilation of software paradigms commonly used to develop large software applications, with coverage ranging from discrete problems to full-scale applications.Trade Review"...an excellent course reference for someone with significant but varied...software development ideas...a handy reference for identifying the similarities between...software development elements…" (IEEE Software Magazine, January/February 2006) "…useful to some programmers." (CHOICE, October 2005) "This is a good survey of the various topics…quite relevant to the CSQE body of knowledge architecture topic." (Software Quality Professional, September 2005) "…a timely work that helps put recent advances in software architecture and framework development in context with earlier software design concepts." (Computing Reviews.com, July 29, 2005) "…a welcome…addition to the literature on software development paradigm." (Computing Reviews.com, May 3, 2005)Table of ContentsADVICE FOR THE INSTRUCTOR. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 1 Introduction. 1.1 The Meaning of Paradigm. 1.2 Software Solves Problems. 1.3 Designing and Developing Software. 1.4 Understanding Problem Paradigms. 1.5 Overview of Book. 1.6 Conventions. 1.7 Exercises. 2 Paradigm Overview. 2.1 Problem Paradigms. 2.2 A Functional Classification of Problems. 2.3 Programming Languages. 2.4 Design Patterns. 2.5 Components. 2.6 Software Architectures. 2.7 Frameworks. 2.8 Further Reading. 2.9 Exercises. I DESIGN PATTERNS. 3 Overview of Design Patterns. 3.1 A Brief History of Patterns. 3.2 Why Patterns? 3.3 Pattern Spaces. 3.4 Types of Software Patterns. 3.5 Describing Patterns. 3.6 How Do We Discover Patterns? 3.7 Using Patterns. 3.8 Further Reading. 3.9 Exercises. 4 Software Patterns. 4.1 Singleton. 4.2 The Wrapper Pattern. 4.3 The Abstract Factory Pattern. 4.4 Observer Pattern. 4.5 Exercises. 5 Human–Computer Interface Patterns. 5.1 Style Guides. 5.2 An HCI Pattern Language. 5.3 Web Design Patterns. 5.4 Further Reading. 5.5 Exercises. 6 Other Pattern Domains. 6.1 Coplien’s Patterns. 6.2 Object-Oriented Patterns. 6.3 Antipatterns. 6.4 Further Reading. 6.5 Exercises. 7 Pattern Design. 7.1 Design Pattern Issues. 7.2 Some Simple Pattern Design Principles. 7.3 Limitations of Design Patterns. 7.4 Further Reading. 7.5 Exercises. II COMPONENTS. 8 Component Concepts. 8.1 What Are Software Components? 8.2 Why Use Components? 8.3 Component Models. 8.4 Using Components. 8.5 Component Reuse. 8.6 Exercises. 9 Types of Components. 9.1 Event-Based Components. 9.2 Java Events. 9.3 Distributed Components. 9.4 Transaction Processing. 9.5 Further Reading. 9.6 Exercises. 10 Component Technologies. 10.1 CORBA. 10.2 System Object Model. 10.3 Microsoft’s COM/DCOM. 10.4 JavaBeans. 10.5 Further Reading. 10.6 Exercises. 11 Component-Based Software Engineering. 11.1 Defining CBSE. 11.2 Problems with CBSE. 11.3 Problems in Using Components. 11.4 Problems with Glue Code. 11.5 Exercises. III SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES. 12 Overview of Software Architectures. 12.1 Software Architecture Elements and Description. 12.2 Why Do We Need a Software Architecture? 12.3 Software Architecting Versus Software Engineering. 12.4 Domain-Specific Software Architectures. 12.5 Roles and Benefits. 12.6 Software Architecture Models. 12.7 What To Look For. 12.8 Further Reading. 12.9 Exercises. 13 Data Flow Systems. 13.1 The Data Flow Model. 13.2 Batch Sequential Systems. 13.3 Pipe and Filter Architecture. 13.4 Further Reading. 13.5 Exercises. 14 Call-and-Return Systems. 14.1 Main Program and Subroutines. 14.2 Client–Server Systems. 14.3 Object-Oriented Systems. 14.4 Hierarchically Layered Systems. 14.5 Further Reading. 14.6 Exercises. 15 Virtual Machines. 15.1 Interpreters. 15.2 Virtual Machine Examples. 15.3 Rule-Based Systems. 15.4 Advantages and Disadvantages. 15.5 Further Reading. 15.6 Exercises. 16 Independent Component Systems. 16.1 Communicating Sequential Processes. 16.2 Event-Based Systems. 16.3 Event System Issues. 16.4 Broker Systems. 16.5 Further Reading. 16.6 Exercises. 17 Data-Centric Systems. 17.1 Database Systems. 17.2 Blackboard Systems. 17.3 The Linda Model and Language. 17.4 Further Reading. 17.5 Exercises. 18 Concurrent Software Architectures. 18.1 Basic Concepts. 18.2 Parallel Programming. 18.3 Data Parallel Systems. 18.4 Message Passing Systems. 18.5 A Parallel Programming Methodology. 18.6 Further Reading. 18.7 Exercises. 19 Software Architecture Challenges. 19.1 Software Architecture Description. 19.2 Design Issues. 19.3 Analysis of Software Architectures. 19.4 Further Reading. 19.5 Exercises. IV FRAMEWORKS. 20 Framework Concepts. 20.1 Types of Frameworks. 20.2 Framework Elements. 20.3 Using Frameworks. 20.4 Documenting Frameworks. 20.5 Designing Frameworks. 20.6 Problems with Frameworks. 20.7 Framework Domains. 20.8 Further Reading. 20.9 Exercises. 21 GUI Frameworks. 21.1 Smalltalk-80 Programming Environment. 21.2 MacApp Framework. 21.3 The Taligent Framework. 21.4 Other Frameworks. 21.5 Further Reading. 21.6 Exercises. 22 Development Frameworks. 22.1 Java as a Framework. 22.2 Microsoft’s .NET Framework. 22.3 IBM’s San Francisco Project. 22.4 POOMA. 22.5 Further Reading. 22.6 Exercises. 23 Challenges in Frameworks. 23.1 Developing Frameworks. 23.2 Application Development Using a Framework. 23.3 Testing Frameworks. 23.4 Issues in Framework Usage. 23.5 Exercises. BIBLIOGRAPHY. GLOSSARY. INDEX.
£128.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Design of Logicbased Intelligent Systems
Book SynopsisPrinciples for constructing intelligent systems Design of Logic-based Intelligent Systems develops principles and methods for constructing intelligent systems for complex tasks that are readily done by humans but are difficult for machines. Current Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches rely on various constructs and methods (production rules, neural nets, support vector machines, fuzzy logic, Bayesian networks, etc.). In contrast, this book uses an extension of propositional logic that treats all aspects of intelligent systems in a unified and mathematically compatible manner. Topics include: * Levels of thinking and logic * Special cases: expert systems and intelligent agents * Formulating and solving logic systems * Reasoning under uncertainty * Learning logic formulas from data * Nonmonotonic and incomplete reasoning * Question-and-answer processes * Intelligent systems that construct intelligent systems Design of LTrade Review"….both a handbook for the AI practitioner and a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on intelligent systems." (International Journal of General Systems, June 2005) "…extremely well-written and insightful and has educational benefits even for those not intending to use the material directly." (IIE Transactions-Operations Engineering, March 2005) "…the book reads well and can be highly recommended." (Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2005) "…will greatly interest you and your advanced students…a useful book." (Computing Reviews.com, February 16, 2005) "…extremely well written and insightful and has education benefits even for those not intending to use the material directly." (IIE Transactions on Operations Engineering) "Truemper offers definitive, state-of-the art coverage of this area." (CHOICE, November 2004) "…the author's novel approach has something going for it, and that some good examples of intelligent reasoning can be achieved by fitting them into the author's model." (Computing Reviews.com, August 2, 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1. Introduction. PART I: LOGIC PROBLEMS. Chapter 2. Introduction to Logic and Problems SAT and MINSAT. Chapter 3. Variations of SAT and MINSAT. Chapter 4. Quantified SAT and MINSAT. PART II: FORMULATION OF LOGIC SYSTEMS. Chapter 5. Basic Formulation Techniques. Chapter 6. Uncertainty. PART III: LEARNING. Chapter 7. Learning Formulas. Chapter 8. Accuracy of Learning Formulas. PART IV: ADVANCED REASONING. Chapter 9. Nonmonotonic and Incomplete Reasoning. Chapter 10. Question-and-Answer Processes. PART V: APPLICATIONS. Chapter 11. Applications. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
£121.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Optical Shop Testing
Book SynopsisThe purpose of this third edition is to bring together in a single book descriptions of all tests carried out in the optical shop that are applicable to optical components and systems. This book is intended for the specialist as well as the non-specialist engaged in optical shop testing. There is currently a great deal of research being done in optical engineering. Making this new edition very timely.Trade Review"This book is a major text in the field, and a must-read for academicians and engineers alike." (Computing Reviews, May 1, 2008)Table of ContentsPreface xvii Contributors xix Chapter 1. Newton, Fizeau, and Haidinger Interferometers 1 M. V. Mantravadi and D. Malacara 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Newton Interferometer 1 1.2.1. Source and Observer’s Pupil Size Considerations 9 1.2.2. Some Suitable Light Sources 11 1.2.3. Materials for the Optical Flats 12 1.2.4. Simple Procedure for Estimating Peak Error 12 1.2.5. Measurement of Spherical Surfaces 13 1.2.6. Measurement of Aspheric Surfaces 15 1.2.7. Measurement of Flatness of Opaque Surfaces 17 1.3. Fizeau Interferometer 17 1.3.1. The Basic Fizeau Interferometer 18 1.3.2. Coherence Requirements for the Light Source 20 1.3.3. Quality of Collimation Lens Required 22 1.3.4. Liquid Reference Flats 23 1.3.5. Fizeau Interferometer with Laser Source 23 1.3.6. Multiple-Beam Fizeau Setup 24 1.3.7. Testing Nearly Parallel Plates 26 1.3.8. Testing the Inhomogeneity of Large Glass or Fused Quartz Samples 27 1.3.9. Testing the Parallelism and Flatness of the Faces of Rods, Bars and Plates 28 1.3.10. Testing Cube Corner and Right-Angle Prisms 28 1.3.11. Fizeau Interferometer for Curved Surfaces 30 1.3.12. Testing Concave and Convex Surfaces 32 1.4. Haldinger Interferometer 33 1.4.1. Applications of Haidinger Fringes 35 1.4.2. Use of Laser Source for Haidinger Interferometer 36 1.4.3. Other Applications of Haidinger Fringes 39 1.5. Absolute Testing of Flats 40 Chapter 2. Twyman–Green Interferometer 46 D. Malacara 2.1. Introduction 46 2.2. Beam-Splitter 48 2.2.1. Optical Path Difference Introduced by the Beam Splitter Plate 49 2.2.2. Required Accuracy in the Beam Splitter Plate 51 2.2.3. Polarizing Cube Beam Splitter 53 2.2.4. Nonpolarizing Cube Beam Splitter 55 2.3. Coherence Requirements 56 2.3.1. Spatial Coherence 56 2.3.2. Temporal Coherence 60 2.4. Uses of a Twyman–Green Interferometer 62 2.4.1. Testing of Prisms and Diffraction Rulings 64 2.4.2. Testing of Lenses 69 2.4.3. Testing of Microscope Objectives 71 2.5. Compensation of Intrinsic Aberrations in the Interferometer 72 2.6. Unequal-Path Interferometer 73 2.6.1. Some Special Designs 75 2.6.2. Improving the Fringe Stability 76 2.7. Open Path Interferometers 77 2.7.1. Mach-Zehnder Interferometers 77 2.7.2. Oblique Incidence Interferometers 78 2.8. Variations from the Twyman–Green Configuration 80 2.8.1. Multiple Image Interferometers 80 2.8.2. Interferometers with Diffractive Beam Splitters 80 2.8.3. Phase Conjugating Interferometer 81 2.9. Twyman–Green Interferograms and their Analysis 83 2.9.1. Analysis of Interferograms of Arbitrary Wavefronts 91 Chapter 3. Common-Path Interferometers 97 S. Mallick and D. Malacara 3.1. Introduction 97 3.2. Burch’s Interferometer Employing Two Matched Scatter Plates 98 3.2.1. Fresnel Zone Plate Interferometer 102 3.2.2. Burch and Fresnel Zone Plate Interferometers for Aspheric Surfaces 102 3.2.3. Burch and Fresnel Zone Plate Interferometers for Phase Shifting 102 3.3. Birefringent Beam Splitters 104 3.3.1. Savart Polariscope 104 3.3.2. Wollaston Prism 106 3.3.3. Double-Focus Systems 107 3.4. Lateral Shearing Interferometers 108 3.4.1. Use of a Savart Polariscope 108 3.4.2. Use of a Wollaston Prism 111 3.5. Double-Focus Interferometer 112 3.6. Saunders’s Prism Interferometer 114 3.7. Point Diffraction Interferometer 116 3.8. Zernike Tests with Common-Path Interferometers 118 Chapter 4. Lateral Shear Interferometers 122 Strojnik, G. Paez, and M. Mantravadi 4.1. Introduction 122 4.2. Coherence Properties of the Light Source 123 4.3. Brief Theory of Lateral Shearing Interferometry 124 4.3.1. Interferograms of Spherical and Flat Wavefronts 126 4.3.2. Interferogams of Primary Aberrations upon Lateral Shear 128 4.4. Evaluation of an Unknown Wavefront 134 4.5. Lateral Shearing Interferometers in Collimated Light (White Light Compensated) 137 4.5.1. Arrangements Based on the Jamin Interferometer 137 4.5.2. Arrangements Based on the Michelson Interferometer 139 4.5.3. Arrangements Based on a Cyclic Interferometer 140 4.5.4. Arrangements Based on the Mach–Zehnder Interferometer 142 4.6. Lateral Shearing Interferometers in Convergent Light (White Light Compensated) 143 4.6.1. Arrangements Based on the Michelson Interferometer 143 4.6.2. Arrangements Based on the Mach–Zehnder Interferometer 146 4.7. Lateral Shearing Interferometers Using Lasers 149 4.7.1. Other Applications of the Plane Parallel Plate Interferometer 152 4.8. Other Types of Lateral Shearing Interferometers 157 4.8.1. Lateral Shearing Interferometers Based on Diffraction 158 4.8.2. Lateral Shearing Interferometers Based on Polarization 162 4.9. Vectorial Shearing Interferometer 164 4.9.1. Shearing Interferometry 165 4.9.2. Directional Shearing Interferometer 166 4.9.3. Simulated Interferometric Patterns 168 4.9.4. Experimental Results 173 4.9.5. Similarities and Differences With Other Interferometers 176 Chapter 5. Radial, Rotational, and Reversal Shear Interferometer 185 D. Malacara 5.1. Introduction 185 5.2. Radial Shear Interferometers 187 5.2.1. Wavefront Evaluation from Radial Shear Interferograms 189 5.2.2. Single-Pass Radial Shear Interferometers 190 5.2.3. Double-Pass Radial Shear Interferometers 195 5.2.4. Laser Radial Shear Interferometers 197 5.2.5. Thick-Lens Radial Shear Interferometers 202 5.3. Rotational Shear Interferometers 204 5.3.1. Source Size Uncompensated Rotational Shear Interferometers 207 5.3.2. Source Size Compensated Rotational Shear Interferometers 211 5.4. Reversal Shear Interferometers 211 5.4.1. Some Reversal Shear Interferometers 213 Chapter 6. Multiple-Beam Interferometers 219 C. Roychoudhuri 6.1. Brief Historical Introduction 219 6.2. Precision in Multiple-Beam Interferometry 221 6.3. Multiple-Beam Fizeau Interferometer 224 6.3.1. Conditions for Fringe Formation 224 6.3.2. Fizeau Interferometry 229 6.4. Fringes of Equal Chromatic Order 232 6.5. Reduction of Fringe Interval in Multiple-Beam Interferometry 235 6.6. Plane Parallel Fabry–Perot Interferometer 236 6.6.1. Measurement of Thin-Film Thickness 236 6.6.2. Surface Deviation from Planeness 237 6.7. Tolansky Fringes with Fabry–Perot Interferometer 241 6.8. Multiple-Beam Interferometer for Curved Surfaces 243 6.9. Coupled and Series Interferometers 244 6.9.1. Coupled Interferometer 245 6.9.2. Series Interferometer 246 6.10. Holographic Multiple-Beam Interferometers 247 6.11. Temporal Evolution of FP Fringes and Its Modern Applications 247 6.12. Final Comments 250 Chapter 7. Multiple-Pass Interferometers 259 P. Hariharan 7.1. Double-Pass Interferometers 259 7.1.1. Separation of Aberrations 259 7.1.2. Reduction of Coherence Requirements 262 7.1.3. Double Passing for Increased Accuracy 264 7.2. Multipass Interferometry 266 Chapter 8. Foucault, Wire, and Phase Modulation Tests 275 J. Ojeda-Castan˜eda 8.1. Introduction 275 8.2. Foucault or Knife-Edge Test 275 8.2.1. Description 275 8.2.2. Geometrical Theory 280 8.2.3. Physical Theory 289 8.3. Wire Test 293 8.3.1. Geometrical Theory 297 8.4. Platzeck–Gaviola Test 298 8.4.1. Geometrical Theory 299 8.5. Phase Modulation Tests 302 8.5.1. Zernike Test and its Relation to the Smart Interferometer 302 8.5.2. Lyot Test 305 8.5.3. Wolter Test 307 8.6. Ritchey–Common Test 310 8.7. Conclusions 313 Chapter 9. Ronchi Test 317 A. Cornejo-Rodriguez 9.1. Introduction 317 9.1.1. Historical Introduction 317 9.2. Geometrical Theory 318 9.2.1. Ronchi Patterns for Primary Aberrations 320 9.2.2. Ronchi Patterns for Aspherical Surfaces 327 9.2.3. Null Ronchi Rulings 328 9.3. Wavefront Shape Determination 331 9.3.1. General Case 333 9.3.2. Surfaces with Rotational Symmetry 335 9.4. Physical Theory 337 9.4.1. Mathematical Treatment 337 9.4.2. Fringe Contrast and Sharpness 340 9.4.3. Physical versus Geometrical Theory 343 9.5. Practical Aspects of the Ronchi Test 344 9.6. Some Related Tests 347 9.6.1. Concentric Circular Grid 347 9.6.2. Phase Shifting Ronchi Test 348 9.6.3. Sideband Ronchi Test 348 9.6.4. Lower Test 349 9.6.5. Ronchi–Hartmann and Null Hartmann Tests 350 Chapter 10. Hartmann, Hartmann–Shack, and Other Screen Tests 361 D. Malacara-Doblado and I. Ghozeil 10.1. Introduction 361 10.2. Some Practical Aspects 363 10.3. Hartmann Test Using a Rectangular Screen 366 10.4. Wavefront Retrieval 368 10.4.1. Tilt and Defocus Removal 368 10.4.2. Trapezoidal Integration 370 10.4.3. Southwell Algorithm 373 10.4.4. Polynomial Fitting 374 10.4.5. Other Methods 375 10.5. Hartmann Test Using a Screen with Four Holes 376 10.5.1. Four Holes in Cross 377 10.5.2. Four Holes in X 378 10.6. Hartmann Test of Ophthalmic Lenses 379 10.7. Hartmann Test Using Nonrectangular Screens 379 10.7.1. Radial Screen 380 10.7.2. Helical Screen 382 10.8. Hartmann–Shack Test 383 10.9. Crossed Cylinder Test 386 10.10. Testing with an Array of Light Sources or Printed Screens 387 10.10.1. Testing Convergent Lenses 388 10.10.2. Testing Concave and Convex Surfaces 389 10.11. Michelson–Gardner–Bennett Tests 393 10.12. Other Developments 394 Chapter 11. Star Tests 398 D. Malacara and W. T. Welford 11.1. Introduction 398 11.2. Star Test with Small Aberrations 399 11.2.1. The Aberration Free Airy Pattern 400 11.2.2. The Defocused Airy Pattern 403 11.2.3. Polychromatic Light 405 11.2.4. Systems with Central Obstructions 407 11.2.5. Effects of Small Aberrations 408 11.2.6. Gaussian Beams 409 11.2.7. Very Small Convergence Angles (Low Fresnel Numbers) 409 11.3. Practical Aspects with Small Aberrations 410 11.3.1. Effects of Visual Star Testing 410 11.3.2. The Light Source for Star Testing 412 11.3.3. The Arrangement of the Optical System for Star Testing 413 11.3.4. Microscope Objectives 415 11.4. The Star Test with Large Aberrations 416 11.4.1. Spherical Aberration 417 11.4.2. Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration 418 11.4.3. Axial Symmetry 418 11.4.4. Astigmatism and Coma 419 11.4.5. Distortion 419 11.4.6. Non-Null Tests 420 11.5. Wavefront Retrieval with Slope and Curvature Measurements 421 11.5.1. The Laplacian and Local Average Curvatures 421 11.5.2. Wavefront Determination with Iterative Fourier Transforms 422 11.5.3. Irradiance Transport Equation 425 11.6. Wavefront Determination with Two Images Using the Irradiance Transport Equation 426 11.7. Wavefront Determination with a Single Defocused Image Using Fourier Transform Iterations 429 11.8. Wavefront Determination with Two or Three Defocused Images Using Fresnel Transform Iterations 430 Chapter 12. Testing of Aspheric Wavefronts and Surfaces 435 D. Malacara, K. Creath, J. Schmit and J. C. Wyant 12.1. Introduction 435 12.2 Some Methods to Test Aspheric Wavefronts 437 12.3. Imaging of the Interference Pattern in Non-Null Tests 439 12.4. Some Null Testing Configurations 442 12.4.1. Flat and Concave Spherical Surfaces 442 12.4.2. Telescope Refracting Objectives 442 12.4.3. Concave Paraboloidal Surfaces 443 12.4.4. Concave Ellipsoidal or Spheroidal Surfaces 444 12.5. Testing of Convex Hyperboloidal Surfaces 445 12.5.1. Hindle Type Tests 445 12.5.2. Testing by Refraction 449 12.6. Testing of Cylindrical Surfaces 453 12.7. Early Compensators 454 12.7.1. Couder, Burch, and Ross Compensators 456 12.7.2. Dall Compensator 458 12.8. Refractive Compensators 461 12.8.1. Refractive Offner Compensator 462 12.8.2. Shafer Compensator 464 12.8.3. General Comments about Refracting Compensators 465 12.9. Reflecting Compensators 466 12.9.1. Reflective Offner Compensators 468 12.9.2. Reflective Adaptive Compensator 471 12.10. Other Compensators for Concave Conicoids 471 12.11. Interferometers Using Real Holograms 474 12.11.1. Holographic Wavefront Storage 476 12.11.2. Holographic Test Plate 476 12.12. Interferometers Using Synthetic Holograms 477 12.12.1. Fabrication of Computer-Generated Holograms (CGHs) 478 12.12.2. Using a CGH in an Interferometer 480 12.12.3. Off-Axis CGH Aspheric Compensator 483 12.12.4. In-Line CGH Aspheric Compensator 485 12.12.5. Combination of CGH with Null Optics 486 12.13. Aspheric Testing with Two-Wavelength Holography 488 12.14. Wavefront Stitching 491 12.14.1. Annular Zones 491 12.14.2. Circular Zones 493 12.14.3. Dynamic Tilt Switching 493 Chapter 13. Zernike Polynomial and Wavefront Fitting 498 Virendra N. Mahajan 13.1. Introduction 498 13.2. Aberrations of a Rotationally Symmetric System with a Circular Pupil 499 13.2.1. Power Series Expansion 499 13.2.2. Primary or Seidel Aberration Function 501 13.2.3. Secondary or Schwarzschild Aberration Function 504 13.2.4. Zernike Circle Polynomial Expansion 505 13.2.5. Zernike Circle Polynomials as Balanced Aberrations for Minimum Wave Aberration Variance 508 13.2.6. Relationships Between Coefficients of Power-Series and Zernike-Polynomial Expansions 510 13.2.7. Conversion of Seidel Aberrations into Zernike Aberrations 513 13.2.8. Conversion of Zernike Aberrations into Seidel Aberrations 515 13.3. Aberration Function of a System with a Circular Pupil, but Without an Axis of Rotational Symmetry 516 13.3.1. Zernike Circle Polynomial Expansion 516 13.3.2. Relationships Among the Indices n, m, and j 518 13.3.3. Isometric, Interferometric, and PSF Plots for a Zernike Circle Polynomial Aberration 520 13.3.4. Primary Zernike Aberrations and Their Relationships with Seidel Aberrations 521 13.4. Zernike Annular Polynomials as Balanced Aberrations for Systems with Annular Pupils 525 13.4.1. Balanced Aberrations 525 13.4.2. Zernike Annular Polynomials 525 13.4.3. Isometric, Interferometric, and PSF Plots for a Zernike Annular Polynomial Aberration 529 13.5. Determination of Zernike Coefficients From Discrete Wavefront Error Data 530 13.5.1. Introduction 530 13.5.2. Orthonormal Coefficients and Aberration Variance 535 13.5.3. Orthonormal Polynomials 537 13.5.4. Zernike Coefficients 538 13.5.5. Numerical Example 539 13.6. Summary 543 Chapter 14. Phase Shifting Interferometry 547 Horst Schreiber and John H. Bruning 14.1. Introduction 547 14.2. Fundamental Concepts 548 14.3. Advantages of PSI 550 14.4. Methods of Phase Shifting 552 14.5. Detecting the Wavefront Phase 557 14.6. Data Collection 560 14.6.1. Temporal Methods 560 14.6.2. Spatial Methods 564 14.7. PSI Algorithms 568 14.7.1. Three Step Algorithms 569 14.7.2. Least-Squares Algorithms 571 14.7.3. Carre´ Algorithm 574 14.7.4. Family of Averaging Algorithms 576 14.7.5. Hariharan Algorithm 577 14.7.6. 2 þ 1 Algorithm 580 14.7.7. Methods to Generate Algorithms 582 14.7.8. Methods to Evaluate Algorithms 586 14.7.9. Summary of Algorithms 591 14.8. Phase Shift Calibration 596 14.9. Error Sources 599 14.9.1. Phase Shift Errors 600 14.9.2. Detector Nonlinearities 602 14.9.3. Source Stability 605 14.9.4. Quantization Errors 606 14.9.5. Vibration Errors 607 14.9.6. Air Turbulence 610 14.9.7. Extraneous Fringes and Other Coherent Effects 610 14.9.8. Interferometer Optical Errors 611 14.10. Detectors and Spatial Sampling 613 14.10.1. Solid State Sensors 613 14.10.2. Spatial Sampling 614 14.11. Quality Functions 617 14.11.1. Modulation 618 14.11.2. Residues 619 14.11.3. Filtering 622 14.12. Phase Unwrapping 623 14.12.1. Unwrapping in One Dimension 623 14.12.2. 2-D Phase Unwrapping 625 14.12.3. Path-Following Algorithms 626 14.12.4. Path Independent Methods 628 14.13. Aspheres and Extended Range PSI Techniques 629 14.13.1. Aliasing 630 14.13.2. Sub-Nyquist Interferometry 631 14.13.3. Two Wavelength PSI 635 14.13.4. Subaperture Stitching 637 14.14. Other Analysis Methods 638 14.14.1. Zero Crossing Analysis 638 14.14.2. Synchronous Detection 639 14.14.3. Heterodyne Interferometry 640 14.14.4. Phase Lock Interferometry 641 14.14.5. Spatial Synchronous and Fourier Methods 642 14.15. Computer Processing and Output 644 14.16. Implementation and Applications 647 14.16.1. Commercial Instrumentation 647 14.16.2. Interferometer Configurations 650 14.16.3. Absolute Calibration 651 14.16.4. Sources 654 14.16.5. Alignment Fiducials 655 14.17. Future Trends for PSI 655 Chapter 15. Surface Profilers, Multiple Wavelength, and White Light Intereferometry 667 J. Schmit, K. Creath, and J. C. Wyant 15.1. Introduction to Surface Profilers 667 15.1.1. Contact Profilometers 668 15.1.2. Optical Profilometers 668 15.1.3. Interferometric Optical Profilometers 668 15.1.4. Terms and Issues in Determining System Performance 669 15.2. Contact Profilometers 670 15.2.1. Stylus Profilers 670 15.2.2. Scanning Probe Microscopes 674 15.2.3. Comparison of AFM and Stylus Profiler 683 15.3. Optical Profilers 685 15.3.1. Optical Focus Sensors 687 15.3.2. Confocal Microscopy 689 15.4. Interferometric Optical Profilers 695 15.4.1. Common Features 696 15.5. Two Wavelength and Multiple Wavelength Techniques 702 15.5.1. Two-wavelengths Phase Measurement 704 15.5.2. Multiple-wavelength Phase Measurement 707 15.5.3. Reducing Measurement Time 710 15.6. White Light Interference Optical Profilers 711 15.6.1. White Light Interference 711 15.6.2. Image Buildup 712 15.6.3. Signal Processing of White Light Interferograms 713 15.6.4. Light Sources 716 15.6.5. Dispersion in White Light Fringes 716 15.6.6. Other Names for Interferometric Optical Profilers 723 15.7. Wavelength Scanning Interferometer 724 15.7.1. Wavelength Tunable Light Sources 724 15.7.2. Image Buildup 725 15.7.3. Signal Analysis 728 15.7.4. Film and Plate Thickness Measurement 729 15.8. Spectrally Resolved White Light Interferometry (SRWLI) 731 15.8.1. Image Buildup 731 15.8.2. Signal Analysis 732 15.8.3. Other Names for Spectral Interferometry 735 15.9. Polarization Interferometers 735 15.9.1. Differential Interference Contrast Microscope (Nomarski) 736 15.9.2. Geometric Phase Shifting 738 15.10. Optical Ranging Methods 741 15.10.1. Interferometric Ranging 741 15.10.2. Optical Triangulation 742 15.10.3. Time of Flight (TOF) 742 15.11. Summary 742 Chapter 16. Optical Metrology of Diffuse Surfaces 756 K. Creath, J. Schmit, and J. C Wyant 16.1. Moire´ and Fringe Projection Techniques 756 16.1.1. Introduction 756 16.1.2. What is Moire´? 757 16.1.3. Moire´ and Interferograms 762 16.1.4. Historical Review 768 16.1.5. Fringe Projection 769 16.1.6. Shadow Moire´ 773 16.1.7. Projection Moire´ 777 16.1.8. Two-angle Holography 778 16.1.9. Common Features 779 16.1.10. Comparison to Conventional Interferometry 779 16.1.11. Coded and Structured Light Projection 780 16.1.12. Applications 781 16.1.13. Summary 783 16.2. Holographic and Speckle Tests 783 16.2.1. Introduction 783 16.2.2. Holographic Interferometry for Nondestructive Testing 784 16.2.3. Speckle Interferometry and Digital Holography 791 Chapter 17. Angle, Prisms, Curvature, and Focal Length Measurements 808 Z. Malacara 17.2.1. Divided Circles and Goniometers 808 17.2.2. Autocollimator 810 17.2.3. Interferometric Measurements of Angles 812 17.3. Testing of Prisms 812 17.4. Radius of Curvature Measurements 817 17.4.1. Mechanical Measurement of Radius of Curvature 817 17.4.2. Optical Measurement of Radius of Curvature 820 17.5. Focal Length Measurements 823 17.5.1. Nodal Slide Bench 823 17.5.2. Focimeters 824 17.5.3. Other Focal Length Measurements 825 Chapter 18. Mathematical Representation of an Optical Surface and Its Characteristics 832 D. Malacara 18.1. Definition of an Optical Surface 832 18.1.1. Parameters for Conic Surfaces 835 18.1.2. Some Useful Expansions of z 835 18.1.3. Aberration of the Normals to the Surface 836 18.2. Caustic Produced by an Aspheric Surface 837 18.3. Primary Aberrations of Spherical Surfaces 839 18.3.1. Spherical Aberration of and Aspherical Surface 839 18.3.2. Coma of a Concave Mirror 840 18.3.3. Astigmatism of a Concave Mirror 841 18.4. Astigmatic Surfaces 841 18.4.1. Toroidal Surface 842 18.4.2. Astigmatic Ellipsoidal and Oblate Spheroidal Surfaces 842 18.4.3. Sphero-Cylindrical Surface 844 18.4.4. Testing Astigmatic Surfaces and Reference Astigmatic Surface 846 18.4.5. Comparison Between Astigmatic Surfaces 847 18.5. Off-Axis Conicoids 849 18.5.1. Off-Axis Paraboloids 850 Appendix. Optical Testing Programs 852 Index 855
£161.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Video Codec Design Developing Image and Video
Book SynopsisCodec algorithms are used to encode and decode (or compress and decompress) data, such as video files, without distorting the visual quality of the decoded image. The key technologies of image and video coding are enabling a range of multimedia devices, systems and low bit-rate application. This book deals with this subject.Trade ReviewThis book deserves to be in every university library and it would be excellent as a course text. Also, if you have even a passing understanding of signal processing and want to know more, it's a great read--VISUAL SYSTEMS JOURNAL, JUNE 2002Table of ContentsIntroduction 1Digital Video 5Image and Video Compression Fundamentals 27Vide Coding Standards: JPEG and MPEG 47Video Coding Standards: H.261, H.263 and H.26L 79Motion Estimation and Compensation 93Transform Coding 127Entropy Coding 163Pre- and Post-Processing 195Rate, Distortion and Complexity 211Transmission of Coded Video 235Platforms 257Video CODEC Design 271Future Developments 289
£95.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Solar Technologies for Buildings Electrical
Book Synopsis* A complete overview of solar technologies relevant to the built environment, including solar thermal energy for heating and cooling, passive solar energy for daylighting and heating supply, and photovoltaics for electricity production * Provides practical examples and calculations to enable component and system simulation e.g.Trade Review"...balances the physics and engineering background of solar heating, cooling and building integrated photovoltaics with practical applications..." (Bulletin, Vol 94(24/25), 2003)Table of ContentsPreface ix Abbreviations in the text xi 1 Solar energy use in buildings 1 1.1 Energy consumption of buildings 1 1.1.1 Residential buildings 2 1.1.2 Office and administrative buildings 4 1.1.3 Air conditioning 6 1.2 Meeting requirements by active and passive solar energy use 9 1.2.1 Active solar energy use for electricity, heating and cooling 9 1.2.2 Meeting heating energy requirements by passive solar energy use 12 2 Solar irradiance 13 2.1 Extraterrestrial solar irradiance 13 2.1.1 Power and spectral distribution of solar irradiance 13 2.1.2 Sun–Earth geometry 16 2.1.2.1 Equator coordinates 17 2.1.2.2 Horizon coordinates 20 2.1.2.3 Sun-position diagrams 22 2.2 The passage of rays through the atmosphere 24 2.3 Statistical production of hourly irradiance data records 26 2.3.1 Daily average values from monthly average values 27 2.3.2 Hourly average values from daily average values 31 2.4 Global irradiance and irradiance on inclined surfaces 34 2.4.1 Direct and diffuse irradiance 34 2.4.2 Conversion of global irradiance to inclined surfaces 35 2.4.2.1 An isotropic diffuse irradiance model 35 2.4.2.2 Diffuse irradiance model based on Perez 36 2.4.3 Measurement techniques for solar irradiance 39 2.5 Shading 39 3 Solar thermal energy 45 3.1 Solar-thermal water collectors 45 3.1.1 Innovations 45 3.1.2 System overview 46 3.1.3 Thermal collector types 47 3.1.3.1 Swimming pool absorbers 47 3.1.3.2 Flat plate collectors 47 3.1.3.3 Vacuum tube collectors 48 3.1.3.4 Parabolic concentrating collectors 48 3.1.4 System engineering for heating drinking-water 49 3.1.4.1 The solar circuit and hydraulics 49 3.1.4.2 Heat storage 55 3.1.4.3 Piping and circulation losses 60 3.1.5 System technology for heating support 61 3.1.6 Large solar plants for heating drinking water with short-term stores 63 3.1.6.1 Design of large solar plants 66 3.1.7 Solar district heating 68 3.1.8 Costs and economy 71 3.1.9 Operational experiences and relevant standards 73 3.1.10 Efficiency calculation of thermal collectors 74 3.1.10.1 Temperature distribution of the absorber 75 3.1.10.2 Collector efficiency factor F' 79 3.1.10.3 Heat dissipation factor FR 79 3.1.10.4 Heat losses of thermal collectors 83 3.1.10.5 Optical characteristics of transparent covers and absorber materials 92 3.1.11 Storage modelling 97 3.2 Solar air collectors 103 3.2.1 System engineering 105 3.2.2 Calculation of the available thermal power of solar air collectors 107 3.2.2.1 Temperature-dependent material properties of air 107 3.2.2.2 Energy balance and collector efficiency factor 108 3.2.2.3 Convective heat transfer in air collectors 109 3.2.2.4 Thermal efficiency of air collectors 117 3.2.3 Design of the air circuit 120 3.2.3.1 Collector pressure losses 120 3.2.3.2 Air duct systems 121 4 Solar cooling 123 4.1 Open cycle desiccant cooling 125 4.1.1 Introduction to the technology 125 4.1.2 Coupling with solar thermal collectors 128 4.1.3 Costs 128 4.1.4 Physical and technological bases of sorption-supported air-conditioning 129 4.1.4.1 Technology of sorption wheels 129 4.1.4.2 Air-status calculations 130 4.1.4.3 Dehumidifying potential of sorption materials 132 4.1.4.4 Calculation of the sorption isotherms and isosteres of silica gel 135 4.1.4.5 Calculation of the dehumidifying performance of a sorption rotor 140 4.1.5 The technology of heat recovery 143 4.1.5.1 Recuperators 143 4.1.5.2 Regenerative heat exchangers 148 4.1.6 Humidifier technology 152 4.1.7 Design limits and climatic boundary conditions 153 4.1.7.1 Demands on room temperatures and humidities 153 4.1.7.2 Regeneration temperature and humidity 153 4.1.7.3 Calculation of supply air status with different climatic boundary conditions 154 4.1.7.4 Limits and application possibilities of open sorption 155 4.1.8 Energy balance of sorption-supported air-conditioning 156 4.1.8.1 Usable cooling power of open sorption 156 4.1.8.2 Coefficients of performance and primary energy consumption 158 4.2 Closed cycle adsorption cooling. 162 4.2.1 Technology and areas of application 162 4.2.2 Costs 163 4.2.3 Operational principle 163 4.2.4 Energy balances and pressure conditions 165 4.2.4.1 Evaporator 166 4.2.4.2 Condenser 168 4.2.4.3 The adsorption process 169 4.2.4.4 Heating phase 172 4.2.4.5 The desorption process 172 4.2.4.6 Cooling phase 174 4.2.5 Coefficients of performance 175 4.3 Absorption cooling technology 177 4.3.1 The absorption cooling process and its components 178 4.3.1.1 Double-lift absorption cooling process 181 4.3.1.2 Evaporator and condenser 182 4.3.1.3 Absorber 183 4.3.1.4 Generator 185 4.3.2 Physical principles of the absorption process 185 4.3.2.1 Vapour pressure curves of material pairs 185 4.3.3 Refrigerant vapour concentration 189 4.3.4 Energy balances and performance figures of an absorption cooler 190 4.3.4.1 Ideal performance figures 190 4.3.4.2 Real performance figures and enthalpy balances 191 4.3.5 Absorption technology and solar plants 200 5 Grid-connected photovoltaic systems 201 5.1 Structure of grid-connected systems 201 5.2 Solar cell technologies 203 5.3 Module technology 203 5.4 Building integration and costs 204 5.5 Energy production and the performance ratio of PV systems 205 5.5.1 Energy amortisation times 206 5.6 Physical fundamentals of solar electricity production 207 5.7 Current-voltage characteristics 209 5.7.1 Characteristic values and efficiency 209 5.7.2 Curve fittings to the current-voltage characteristic 210 5.7.2.1 Parameter adjustment from module data sheets 216 5.7.2.2 Full parameter set calculation 220 5.7.2.3 Simple explicit model for system design 221 5.7.3 I-V characteristic addition and generator interconnecting 223 5.8 PV performance with shading. 225 5.8.1 Bypass diodes and backwards characteristics of solar cells 225 5.9 Simple temperature model for PV modules 228 5.10 System engineering 231 5.10.1 DC connecting 231 5.10.1.1 Cable sizing 231 5.10.1.2 System voltage and electrical safety 232 5.10.1.3 String diodes and short-circuit protection 232 5.10.2 Inverters 234 5.10.2.1 Operational principle 234 5.10.2.2 Electrical safety and mains monitoring 235 5.10.2.3 Inverter efficiencies 235 5.10.2.4 Power sizing of inverters 238 6 Thermal analysis of building-integrated solar components 243 6.1 Empirical thermal model of building-integrated photovoltaics 244 6.2 Energy balance and stationary thermal model of ventilated double facades 246 6.2.1 Heat transfer coefficients for the interior and facade air gap 250 6.3 Building-integrated solar components (U- and g-values) 254 6.4 Warm-air generation by photovoltaic facades 257 7 Passive solar energy 260 7.1 Passive solar use by glazings 260 7.1.1 Total energy transmittance of glazings 261 7.1.2 Heat transfer coefficients of windows 263 7.1.3 New glazing systems 265 7.2 Transparent thermal insulation 265 7.2.1 Operational Principle 266 7.2.2 Materials used and construction 270 7.2.2.1 Construction principles of TWD systems 270 7.3 Heat storage by interior building elements 271 7.3.1 Component temperatures for sudden temperature increases 274 7.3.2 Periodically variable temperatures 281 7.3.3 Influence of solar irradiance 286 8 Lighting technology and daylight use 288 8.1 Introduction to lighting and daylighting technology 288 8.1.1 Daylighting of interior spaces 289 8.1.2 Luminance contrast and glare 291 8.2 Solar irradiance and light flux 291 8.2.1 Physiological–optical basics 292 8.2.2 Photometric radiation equivalent 292 8.2.3 Artificial light sources. 294 8.3 Luminance and illuminance 295 8.3.1 Luminance and adaptation of the eye 299 8.3.2 Distribution of the luminous intensity of artificial light sources 300 8.3.3 Units and definitions 303 8.4 Sky luminous intensity models 304 8.5 Light measurements 307 8.6 Daylight distribution in interior spaces 308 8.6.1 Calculation of daylight coefficients 311 References 316 Index 320
£126.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Transients in Power Systems Electrical
Book SynopsisCovering the fundamentals of electrical transients, this book should equip readers with the skills to recognise and solve transient problems in power networks and components, starting with the basics of transient electrical circuit theory.Trade Review"...intended readers are those responsible for design and operation of electric utility transmission systems...not for the mathematically disadvantaged..." (Electrical Apparatus, October 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Basic Concepts and Simple Switching Transients. Transient Analysis of Three-Phase Power Systems. Travelling Waves. Circuit Breakers. Switching Transients. Power System Transient Recovery Voltages. Lightning-Induced Transients. Numerical Simulation of Electrical Transients. Insulation Coordination, Standardisation Bodies, and Standards. Testing of Circuit Breakers. Index.
£144.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Application of Programmable DSPs in Mobile
Book SynopsisDigital Signal Processors (DSPs) are unique microprocessors that are programmable and operate in real time - much faster than general-purpose microprocessors. This text examines them in relation to mobile communications.Table of ContentsBiographies xiii List of Contributors xv 1 Introduction 1 Edgar Auslander and Alan Gatherer 1.1 It’s a Personal Matter 2 1.2 The Super Phone? 3 1.3 New Services 6 1.4 The Curse and Opportunity of Moore’s Law 8 1.5 The Book 9 2 The History of DSP Based Architectures in Second Generation Cellular Handsets 11 Alan Gatherer, Trudy Stetzler and Edgar Auslander 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 A History of Cellular Standards and Wireless Handset Architectures 11 2.2.1 1G and 2G Standards 11 2.2.2 2.5G and 3G Standards 12 2.2.3 Architecture Evolution 14 2.3 Trends in Low Power DSPs 17 2.3.1 Process Improvement 17 2.3.2 Instruction Set Enhancement 19 2.3.3 Power Management 21 References 21 3 The Role of Programmable DSPs in Dual Mode (2G and 3G) Handsets 23 Chaitali Sengupta, Nicolas Veau, Sundararajan Sriram, Zhenguo Gu and Paul Folacci 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 The Wireless Standards 24 3.3 A Generic FDD DS Digital Baseband (DBB) Functional View 25 3.4 Functional Description of a Dual-Mode System 28 3.5 Complexity Analysis and HW/SW Partitioning 29 3.5.1 2G/3G Digital Baseband Processing Optimized Partitioning 31 3.6 Hardware Design Approaches 32 3.6.1 Design Considerations: Centralized vs. Distributed Architectures 32 3.6.2 The Coprocessor Approach 33 3.6.3 Role of DSP in 2G and Dual-Mode 37 3.7 Software Processing and Interface with Higher Layers 38 3.8 Summary 39 3.9 Abbreviations 39 References 40 4 Programmable DSPs for 3G Base Station Modems 41 Dale Hocevar, Pierre Bertrand, Eric Biscondi, Alan Gatherer, Frank Honore, Armelle Laine, Simon Morris, Sriram Sundararajan and Tod Wolf 4.1 Introduction 41 4.2 Overview of 3G Base Stations: Requirements 42 4.2.1 Introduction 42 4.2.2 General Requirements 42 4.2.3 Fundamental CDMA Base Station Base Band Processing 43 4.2.4 Symbol-Rate (SR) Processing 44 4.2.5 Chip-Rate (CR) Processing 44 4.3 System Analysis 46 4.3.1 SR Processing Analysis 46 4.3.2 CR Processing Analysis 46 4.4 Flexible Coprocessor Solutions 48 4.4.1 Viterbi Convolutional Decoder Coprocessor 48 4.4.2 Turbo Decoder Coprocessor 50 4.4.3 Correlator Coprocessor 52 4.5 Summary and Conclusions 54 5 The Use of Programmable DSPs in Antenna Array Processing 57 Matthew Bromberg and Donald R. Brown 5.1 Introduction 57 5.2 Antenna Array Signal Model 58 5.3 Linear Beamforming Techniques 62 5.3.1 Maximum Likelihood Derivation 62 5.3.2 Least Mean Square Adaptation 66 5.3.3 Least Squares Processing 67 5.3.4 Blind Signal Adaptation 71 5.3.5 Subspace Constraints 73 5.3.6 Exploiting Cyclostationarity 75 5.3.7 Transmit Beamformer Techniques 77 5.4 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Signal Extraction 83 5.4.1 MIMO Linear System Model 83 5.4.2 Capacity of MIMO Communication Channels 86 5.4.3 Linear Estimation of Desired Signals in MIMO Communication Systems 87 5.4.4 Non-linear Estimation of Desired Signals in MIMO Communication Systems 90 5.4.5 Conclusions 93 References 93 6 The Challenges of Software-Defined Radio 97 Carl Panasik and Chaitali Sengupta 6.1 Cellular Communications Standards 98 6.2 What is SDR? 98 6.3 Digitizing Today’s Analog Operations 101 6.4 Implementation Challenges 103 6.5 Analog and ADC Issues 103 6.6 Channel Filter 104 6.7 Delta-Sigma ADC 104 6.8 Conclusion 105 References 105 7 Enabling Multimedia Applications in 2.5G and 3G Wireless Terminals: Challenges and Solutions 107 Edgar Auslander, Madhukar Budagavi, Jamil Chaoui, Ken Cyr, Jean-Pierre Giacalone, Sebastien de Gregorio, Yves Masse, Yeshwant Muthusamy, Tiemen Spits and Jennifer Webb 7.1 Introduction 107 7.1.1 ‘‘DSPs take the RISC’’ 107 7.2 OMAP H/W Architecture 111 7.2.1 Architecture Description 111 7.2.2 Advantages of a Combined RISC/DSP Architecture 113 7.2.3 TMS320C55x and Multimedia Extensions 113 7.3 OMAP S/W Architecture 114 7.4 OMAP Multimedia Applications 116 7.4.1 Video 116 7.4.2 Speech Applications 116 7.5 Conclusion 117 Further Reading 117 8 A Flexible Distributed Java Environment for Wireless PDA Architectures Based on DSP Technology 119 Gilbert Cabillic, Jean-Philippe Lesot, Frédéric Parain, Michel Banâtre, Valérie Issarny, Teresa Higuera, Gérard Chauvel, Serge Lasserre and Dominique D’Inverno 8.1 Introduction 119 8.2 Java and Energy: Analyzing the Challenge 120 8.2.1 Analysis of Java Opcodes 120 8.2.2 Analyzing Application Behavior 121 8.2.3 Analysis 125 8.3 A Modular Java Virtual Machine 127 8.3.1 Java Implantation Possibilities 127 8.3.2 Approach: a Modular Java Environment 129 8.3.3 Comparison with Existing Java Environments 131 8.4 Ongoing Work on Scratchy 132 8.4.1 Multi-Application Management 133 8.4.2 Managing the Processor’s Heterogeneity and Architecture 133 8.4.3 Distribution of Tasks and Management of Soft Real-Time Constraints 133 8.4.4 Energy Management 133 8.5 Conclusion 133 References 134 9 Speech Coding Standards in Mobile Communications 137 Erdal Paksoy, Vishu Viswanathan and Alan McCree 9.1 Introduction 137 9.2 Speech Coder Attributes 138 9.3 Speech Coding Basics 139 9.3.1 Waveform Coders 141 9.3.2 Parametric Coders 141 9.3.3 Linear Predictive Analysis-by-Synthesis 143 9.3.4 Postfiltering 146 9.3.5 Vad/dtx 146 9.3.6 Channel Coding 146 9.4 Speech Coding Standards 147 9.4.1 ITU-T Standards 147 9.4.2 Digital Cellular Standards 148 9.4.3 Wideband Standards 152 9.5 Speech Coder Implementation 153 9.5.1 Specification and Conformance Testing 153 9.5.2 ETSI/ITU Fixed-Point c 154 9.5.3 DSP Implementation 155 9.6 Conclusion 155 Acknowledgements 156 References 156 10 Speech Recognition Solutions for Wireless Devices 160 Yeshwant Muthusamy, Yu-Hung Kao and Yifan Gong 10.1 Introduction 160 10.2 DSP Based Speech Recognition Technology 160 10.2.1 Problem: Handling Dynamic Vocabulary 161 10.2.2 Solution: DSP-GPP Split 161 10.3 Overview of Texas Instruments DSP Based Speech Recognizers 161 10.3.1 Speech Recognition Algorithms Supported 161 10.3.2 Speech Databases Used 161 10.3.3 Speech Recognition Portfolio 162 10.4 TIESR Details 165 10.4.1 Distinctive Features 165 10.4.2 Grammar Parsing and Model Creation 166 10.4.3 Fixed-Point Implementation Issues 167 10.4.4 Software Design Issues 168 10.5 Speech-Enabled Wireless Application Prototypes 168 10.5.1 Hierarchical Organization of APIs 169 10.5.2 InfoPhone 171 10.5.3 Voice E-mail 172 10.5.4 Voice Navigation 173 10.5.5 Voice-Enabled Web Browsing 174 10.6 Summary and Conclusions 175 References 176 11 Video and Audio Coding for Mobile Applications 179 Jennifer Webb and Chuck Lueck 11.1 Introduction 179 11.2 Video 181 11.2.1 Video Coding Overview 182 11.2.2 Video Compression Standards 186 11.2.3 Video Coding on DSPs 187 11.2.4 Considerations for Mobile Applications 188 11.3 Audio 190 11.3.1 Audio Coding Overview 191 11.3.2 Audio Compression Standards 193 11.3.3 Audio Coding on DSPs 195 11.3.4 Considerations for Mobile Applications 196 11.4 Audio and Video Decode on a DSP 198 References 200 12 Security Paradigm for Mobile Terminals 201 Edgar Auslander, Jerome Azema, Alain Chateau and Loic Hamon 12.1 Mobile Commerce General Environment 202 12.2 Secure Platform Definition 203 12.2.1 Security Paradigm Alternatives 204 12.2.2 Secure Platform Software Component 204 12.2.3 Secure Platform Hardware Component 205 12.3 Software Based Security Component 205 12.3.1 Java and Security 205 12.3.2 Definition 205 12.3.3 Features for Security 206 12.3.4 Dependency on OS 207 12.4 Hardware Based Security Component: Distributed Security 207 12.4.1 Secure Mode Description 208 12.4.2 Key Management 210 12.4.3 Data Encryption and Hashing 211 12.4.4 Distributed Security Architecture 212 12.4.5 Tampering Protection 213 12.5 Secure Platform in Digital Base Band Controller/MODEM 214 12.6 Secure Platform in Application Platform 215 12.7 Conclusion 215 13 Biometric Systems Applied To Mobile Communications 217 Dale R. Setlak and Lorin Netsch 13.1 Introduction 217 13.2 The Speaker Verification Task 219 13.2.1 Speaker Verification Processing Overview 219 13.2.2 DSP-Based Embedded Speaker Verification 224 13.3 Live Fingerprint Recognition Systems 225 13.3.1 Overview 225 13.3.2 Mobile Application Characterization 226 13.3.3 Concept of Operations 226 13.3.4 Critical Performance Metrics 228 13.3.5 Basic Elements of the Fingerprint System 233 13.3.6 Prototype Implementation 247 13.3.7 Prototype System Processing 248 13.4 Conclusions 251 References 251 14 The Role of Programmable DSPs in Digital Radio 253 Trudy Stetzler and Gavin Ferris 14.1 Introduction 253 14.2 Digital Transmission Methods 254 14.3 Eureka-147 System 255 14.3.1 System Description 255 14.3.2 Transmission Signal Generation 262 14.3.3 Receiver Description 265 14.4 Iboc 279 14.5 Satellite Systems 284 14.6 Conclusion 285 References 286 15 Benchmarking DSP Architectures for Low Power Applications 287 David Hwang, Cimarron Mittelsteadt and Ingrid Verbauwhede 15.1 Introduction 287 15.2 LPC Speech Codec Algorithm 288 15.2.1 Segmentation 288 15.2.2 Silence Detection 288 15.2.3 Pitch Detection Algorithm 289 15.2.4 LPC Analysis – Vocal Tract Modeling 289 15.2.5 Bookkeeping 290 15.3 Design Methodology 290 15.3.1 Floating-Point to Fixed-Point Conversion 290 15.3.2 Division Algorithm 292 15.3.3 Hardware Allocation 293 15.4 Platforms 293 15.4.1 Texas Instruments TI C54x 293 15.4.2 Texas Instruments TI C55x 294 15.4.3 Texas Instruments TI C6x 294 15.4.4 Ocapi 294 15.4.5 A|RT Designer 294 15.5 Final Results 294 15.5.1 Area Estimate 295 15.5.2 Power Estimate 295 15.6 Conclusions 297 Acknowledgements 298 References 298 16 Low Power Sensor Networks 299 Alice Wang, Rex Min, Masayuki Miyazaki, Amit Sinha and Anantha Chandrakasan 16.1 Introduction 299 16.2 Power-Aware Node Architecture 300 16.3 Hardware Design Issues 302 16.3.1 Processor Energy Model 303 16.3.2 Dvs 304 16.3.3 Leakage Considerations 306 16.4 Signal Processing in the Network 311 16.4.1 Optimizing Protocols 312 16.4.2 Energy-Efficient System Partitioning 313 16.5 Signal Processing Algorithms 317 16.5.1 Energy–Agile Filtering 318 16.5.2 Energy–Agile Data Aggregation 319 16.6 Signal Processing Architectures 320 16.6.1 Variable-Length Filtering 321 16.6.2 Variable Precision Architecture 322 16.7 Conclusions 324 References 324 17 The Pleiades Architecture 327 Arthur Abnous, Hui Zhang, Marlene Wan, George Varghese, Vandana Prabhu, Jan Rabaey 17.1 Goals and General Approach 327 17.2 The Pleiades Platform – The Architecture Template 329 17.3 The Control Processor 331 17.4 Satellite Processors 332 17.5 Communication Network 334 17.6 Reconfiguration 338 17.7 Distributed Data-Driven Control 339 17.7.1 Control Mechanism for Handling Data Structures 342 17.7.2 Summary 345 17.8 The Pleiades Design Methodology 345 17.9 The P1 Prototype 348 17.9.1 P1 Benchmark Study 350 17.10 The Maia Processor 352 17.10.1 Control Processor 353 17.10.2 Address Generator Processor 353 17.10.3 Memory Units 354 17.10.4 Multiply-Accumulate Unit 354 17.10.5 Arithmetic/Logic Unit 354 17.10.6 Embedded FPGA 354 17.10.7 Maia Results 355 17.11 Summary 357 References 358 18 Application Specific Instruction Set Architecture Extensions for DSPs 361 Jean-Pierre Giacalone 18.1 The Need for Instruction Set Extensibility in a Signal Processor 361 18.2 ISA Extension Capability of the TMS320C55x Processor 362 18.2.1 Control Modes 364 18.2.2 Dataflow Modes 366 18.2.3 Typical C55x Extension Datapath Architecture 367 18.2.4 Integration in Software Development Tools 370 18.3 Domains of Applications and Practical Examples 372 18.4 ISA Extensions Design Flow 376 References 377 19 The Pointing Wireless Device for Delivery of Location Based Applications 379 Pamela Kerwin, John Ellenby and Jeffrey Jay 19.1 Next Generation Wireless Devices 379 19.2 The Platform 379 19.3 New Multimedia Applications 379 19.4 Location Based Information 380 19.5 Using Devices to Summon Information 380 19.6 Pointing to the Real World 380 19.7 Pointing Greatly Simplifies the User Interface 381 19.8 Uses of Pointing 382 19.9 Software Architecture 382 19.9.1 Introduction 382 19.9.2 Assumptions 382 19.9.3 Overview 383 19.9.4 Alternatives 383 19.10 Use of the DSP in the Pointing System 383 19.11 Pointing Enhanced Location Applications 384 19.11.1 Pedestrian Guidance 385 19.11.2 Pull Advertising 386 19.11.3 Entertainment 386 19.12 Benefits of Pointing 387 19.12.1 Wireless Yellow Pages 387 19.12.2 Internationalization 387 19.12.3 GIS Applications 387 19.12.4 Entertainment and Gaming 388 19.12.5 Visual Aiding and Digital Albums 388 19.13 Recommended Data Standardization 388 19.13.1 Consideration of Current Standards Efforts 388 19.13.2 Device Data Types and Tiered Services 388 19.13.3 Data Specifications 389 19.13.4 Data Format 391 19.13.5 Is it Sufficient? 393 19.14 Conclusion 393 Index 395
£154.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Next Generation Network Services Technologies and
Book Synopsisa Next Generationa refers to the new technologies and services that telecommunications operators will have at their disposal as they create new 3G networks where voice and data converge and which are based on packet switched rather than circuit switched telephony.Trade Review"...both an overview of circuit- and packet-switched technologies, and a discussion of how services can be deployed in the resulting converged?networks." (IEEE Network, New Books & Multimedia Column, November 2002)Table of ContentsPreface. Part I: Technology. Introduction. Circuit Switched Technologies. The Transmission Infrastructure. Intelligent Networks. Mobile Networks. Packet Switched Technologies. Access Technologies. Voice and Data Convergence. Representing Information. Directories more than just Information Storage. Part II: Services, Architectures and Applications. Introduction. Intelligent Network Services. Call Centres. Internet Based Services. Bringing it all together- The New Network Architecture. Part III: Implications. Introduction. Expectation and Realisation. Reference and Further Reading. Glossary. Index.
£74.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Service Efficient Network Interconnection Via
Book SynopsisA Local Area Network (LAN) is a network usually within a single office or building that links desktop computers with each other and with peripherals such as servers and printers. The interconnect is the electrical and functional association of two different services. This work concerns these areas.Table of ContentsPreface A Note from the COST253 Chariman Acronyms Figures Tables Contributors 1. Introduction Evolution of Satellite Communications EU Initiatives in Satellite Communications Operating Frequency Technical Considerations Objectives and Activities of COST253 Outline of Contents 2. Appropriate Traffic Generators for the Simulation of Services Supported by Non-GEO Constellation Source Traffic Parameters and Descriptors Quality of Service Parameters ATM Service Categories Statistical Behaviour of Traffic Sources Influences of Traffic Characteristics Source Models Geographic Traffic Models 3. Transmission Schemes Modulation Techniques Coding Techniques Synchronisation Catching Co-Channel Interference Chapter Summary and Perspectives 4. Networking LAN Interconnection Resource Control Congestion Control Multicast Reliability Security Security Infrastructure Conclusions 5. Evaluation Tools An Overview of Network Simulators LeoSim: A Simulator for Routing GaliLEO: A Framework for Joint Expertise CONSIM(TM) : A Complementary Tool for Reliability AristoteLEO SEESAWS: An Ambitious Concept 6. TCP/IP Over Satellite Transmission Control Protocol The Effects of Satellite Networks on TCP Performance Simulation Analysis Fixed - Mobile Convergence Further Research and Conclusions Appendices Index
£190.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Adaptive Information
Book Synopsis New Paradigm for considering application integration and B2B problems Heightens the importance of conveying meaning between systems Addresses movement in the EAI space toward more data handling capabilities Offers a solution for the multitude of managers disconnected with the latest technologies Leverages the technical advances made in complex data integration over 15 years Shifts the focus from technology solutions to information solutions Relies heavily on the use of practical examples, tips, definitions, and soapbox excerpts throughout the main body of text Trade Review"Overall, I found the book to be enjoyable and informative, with lots of references and pointers to areas of interest. The variety of topics discussed within the book encourages the reader to read outside of their core specialisms." (BCS, 1 November 2010)" ...an essential read for all Semantic Web practitioners-from CIOs to CTOs and architects to managers...a must-read for upper management." (IEEE Distributed Systems Online, August 2005)Table of ContentsList of Illustrations xvii List of Tables and Other Sidebar Elements xxi Foreword xxiii Preface xxv Acknowledgments xxxi Part One: Why Semantic Interoperability? 1. Semantic Interoperability Gives IT Meaning 3 2. Information Infrastructure Issues and Problems 23 3. Promise of Frictionless Information 39 Part Two: Semantic Interoperability Primer 4. Foundations in Data Semantics 69 5. Semantic Conflict Solution Patterns 99 6. MetaData Archetypes 127 7. Ontology Design Patterns 145 8. Multimodal Interoperability Architecture 195 9. Infrastructure and E-Business Patterns 223 Part 3: Adopting Semantic Technologies 10. Capability Case Studies 259 11. Adoption Strategies 305 12. Tomorrow’s Adaptive and Dynamic Systems 333 Appendices Appendix A. Vendor Profiles, Tools, and Scorecards 347 Appendix B. Acronyms and Abbreviations 375 Endnotes 379 Index 383
£116.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial Process
Book SynopsisIn order to fully utilise nucleonic measurement principles and their applications, it is important to have an understanding of the underlying physics. This title combines theoretical background with practical experience in order to present an overview of the use of radioisotopes in industry.Table of ContentsPreface. Symbols, Units and Abbreviations. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Ionising Radiation. 1.2 Industrial Nucleonic Measurement Systems. 1.3 Historical Perspective. 1.4 The Objective of this Book. 2. Radiation Sources. 2.1 A Primer on Atomic and Nuclear Physics Emissions. 2.2 Radioisotope Sources. 2.3 Other Radiation Sources. 2.4 Sealed Radioisotope Sources versus X-ray Tubes. 3. Interaction of Ionising Radiation with Matter. 3.1 Charged Particle Interactions. 3.2 Attenuation of Ionising Photons. 3.3 The Attenuation Coefficient of Ionising Photons. 3.4 Attenuation Coefficients of Compounds and Mixtures. 3.5 Broad Beam Attenuation. 3.6 Neutron Interactions. 3.7 Effective Atomic Number. 3.8 Secondary Electrons. 4. Radiation Detectors. 4.1 Principle of Operation. 4.2 Detector Response and Spectrum Interpretation. 4.3 Purposes and Properties of Detector Systems. 4.4 Gaseous Detectors. 4.5 Semiconductor Detectors. 4.6 Scintillation Detectors. 4.7 Position Sensitive Detectors. 4.8 Thermoelectric Coolers. 4.9 Stopping Efficiency and Radiation Windows. 4.10 Neutron Detectors. 5. Radiation Measurement. 5.1 Read-Out Electronics. 5.2 Data Processing Electronics and Methods. 5.3 Measurement Accuracy. 5.4 Optimising Measurement Conditions. 5.5 Measurement Modalities. 6. Safety, Standards and Calibration. 6.1 Classification of Industrial Radioisotope Gauges. 6.2 Radiological Protection. 6.3 Radiation Monitors and Survey Meters. 6.4 Radiological Protection Methods. 6.5 Transport of Radioactive Materials. 6.6 Leakage Testing of Sealed Sources. 6.7 Statutory Requirements. 6.8 Calibration and Traceability. 7. Applications. 7.1 Density Measurement. 7.2 Component Fraction Measurements. 7.3 Level and Interface. 7.4 Thickness Measurements. 7.5 Flow Measurement Techniques. 7.6 Elemental Analysis. 7.7 Imaging. 8. Engineering. 8.1 Electronic Data. 8.2 Rationale for Using Radioisotope Sources. 8.3 Density Gauge Design. 8.4 Dual Energy Density Gauge. 8.5 Monte Carlo Simulation. Appendix A: Data. Appendix B: Formulae Derivation and Examples. Appendix C: References. Index.
£150.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Power Systems in Emergencies
Book SynopsisThis text covers the increasingly important area of emergency control, covering the operational planning measures necessary to ensure that a power system generating or transmitting electricity will survive any disturbance with minimum impact on consumers, plant and current operation.Trade Review"...Knight offers advice on dealing with a system under short-term instabilities..." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction and Contents. Disturbances in Power Systems and their Effects. Some General Aspects of Emergency Control. The Power System and its Operational and Control Infrastructure. Measures to Minimize the Impact of Disturbances. The Natural Environment - Some Disturbances Reviewed. Restoration. Training and Simulators for Emergency Control. Plant Characteristics and Control Facilities for Emergency Control, and Benefits to be Obtained. Systems and Emergency Control in the Future. Appendix 1: Some Major Interconnected Systems Around the World: Existing and Possible Developments. Appendix 2: Glossary of Useful Terms. Appendix 3: Some Useful Mathematical and Modelling Techniques in Power Systems Studies. Index.
£153.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Radiowave Propagation Principles and Techniques
Book SynopsisProviding an introduction to the theory of radiowave propagation, this volume progresses to examine the impact of this theory on modern communication systems such as mobile radio and satellite links.Trade Review" a solid introduction to the theory of radiowave propogation." -- La Doc STI, September 2000Table of ContentsThe How and Why of Propagation. Pertinent Electromagnetic Effects. The Media Concerned. Applications in Telecommunication Services. Solutions to Exercises. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.
£174.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Queueing SystemsComputer Applic Vol 2 Computer
Book SynopsisQueueing Systems Volume 1: Theory Leonard Kleinrock This book presents and develops methods from queueing theory in sufficient depth so that students and professionals may apply these methods to many modern engineering problems, as well as conduct creative research in the field.Table of ContentsA Queueing Theory Primer. Bounds. Inequalities and Approximations. Priority Queueing. Computer Time-Sharing and Multiaccess Systems. Computer-Communication Networks: Analysis and Design. Computer-Communication Networks: Measurement, Flow Control, and ARPANET Traps.
£187.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc CDMA Access and Switching for Terrestrial and
Book SynopsisCDMA is an integral part of next generation wireless communications. This work covers both CDMA and TDMA-based satellite communications. It provides an overview of related satellite systems and services and presents research and designs of spectrally efficient systems.Trade Review"...a useful companion for broadcast developers and researchers..." (EBU Technical Review, 24 September 2002)Table of ContentsPreface. The Generalized CDMA. Spreading Sequences. Switched CDMA Networks. Code Division Switching. The Satellite Switched CDMA Throughput. The Spectrally Efficient CDMA Performance. Network Access and Synchronization. Carrier Recovery for 'Sub-Coherent' CDMA. Nonlinear Amplification of Synchronous CDMA. Optimization Techniques for 'Pseudo-Orthogonal' CDMA. Index.
£181.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Introduction to IP and ATM Design and Performance
Book SynopsisThis edition includes IP (Internet Protocol), which enables Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) segments to travel between different networks. It presents key formulas describing traffic and queueing behaviour and offers practical examples for the design of networks.Trade Review"[the authors] introduce the design and performance issues surrounding Internet Protocol and Asynchronous Transfer Mode." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 2001)Table of ContentsINTRODUCTORY TOPICS 1 An Introduction to the Technologies of IP and ATM 2 Traffic Issues and Solutions 3 Teletraffic engineering 4 Performance evaluation 5 Fundamentals of Simulation 6 Traffic Models ATM QUEUEING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL 7 Basic Cell Switching 8 Cell scale queuing 9 Burst scale queuing 10 Connection admission control 11 Usage parameter control 11 Dimensioning 12 Priority control IP PERFORMANCE AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 13 Basic packet queuing 14 Resource reservation 15 IP buffer management 16 Self-similar traffic References Index
£104.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Performability Modelling Techniques and Tools
Book SynopsisThis work covers the evaluation of the performance of computer communication systems. It covers developments in computer performability, bringing together two subjects that have been treated separately in different communities, namely computer and communication system performance evaluation.Trade Review"...examines various computer techniques for analyzing computing performance in the presence of failures." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 3, September 2001)Table of ContentsContributing Authors. Foreword. Preface. Introduction. Queues with Breakdowns. The Uniformization Method in Performability Analysis. Closed-Form Solutions for Performability. Markov-Reward Models and Hyperbolic Systems. Monotonicity and Error Bound Results. The Task Completion Time in Degradable Systems. Rare Event Simulation. Specification and Construction of Performability Models. A Survey of Performability Modelling Tools. Bibliography. Concise Glossary. Index.
£107.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Multirate Digital Signal Processing
Book SynopsisProvides a thorough and accessible introduction to the fast-growing area of multirate digital signal processing covering both the fundamental theory and the practical applications. The key characteristic of multirate algorithms is their high computational efficiency, and hence their increasing implementation in a range of applications from digital audio broadcasting to multi-carrier data transmission and subband speech coding. This book gives a comprehensive analysis of the subject and features include: * A summary of the key properties of those filters which employ multirate techniques including cascaded multirate filters, multirate complementary filters, and interpolated FIR filters * An assessment of the properties of various digital filter banks, such as quadratur mirror, parunitary, biorthogonal, modulated, polyphase, and multicomplementary filter banks * Design methodologies for multirate filters and filter banks * An examinatioTrade Review"... an accessible introduction for advanced students in electronics and computer science.", , , The Electronics and Computer Magazine#Table of ContentsSampling Rate Conversion. FIR Filters. Design of FIR Filters. Decimation and Interpolation. Multirate Filters. Two-Channel Filter Banks. Uniform M-Channel Filter Banks. Filter Banks with Polyphase Structure. Octave Filter Banks and Wavelets. Applications. Appendices. References. Index.
£170.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Industrial Control Systems Design
Book SynopsisDemands are being placed on the manufacturing and process industries by their customers for better product quality, together with reduced environmental impact. This book presents advanced theoretical achievements in control engineering and demonstrates how they can be applied in industry.Trade Review"For practicing engineers and academic researchers, Grimble...systematically surveys recent developments in control and estimation, emphasizing applications." (SciTech Book News Vol. 25, No. 2 June 2001) "...of interest to students in a course on control systems design or to engineers in the industry." (Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 966, 2001/16) "...the control community can be grateful to Prof. Grimble for providing a significant resource..." (Computing & Control Engineering Journal, December 2002)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction to Advanced Industrial Control. POLYNOMIAL SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS. H2 Optimal and Feedforward Control. H2 Predictive Optimal Control. H2 Multivariable Control. H Optimal Control Laws. H2 and H Filtering and Prediction. STATE SPACE AD FREQUENCY RESPONSE DESCRIPTIONS. H2 and H State-Space Control and Filtering. State-Space Predictive Optimal Control. QFT and Frequency Domain Design. INDUSTRAL APPLICATIONS. Power Generation and Transmission. Design of Controllers for Metal Processing. Marine Control Systems. Aero-Engine and Flight Control Design.
£361.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Semiconductor Device and Failure Analysis
Book SynopsisFault detection has become increasingly difficult as integrated circuits become more and more complex. Photon Emission Microscopy (PEM) is a physical failure analysis technique which locates and identifies faults in integrated circuits.Trade Review"This reference details the principles of design, calibration, and use of photon emission microscopy (PEM) as a fault localization technique used for analyzing device reliability and failure." (SciTech Book News Vol. 25, No. 2 June 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Theory of Light Emission in Semiconductors. Instrumentation Aspects of the Photon Emission Microscope. Backside Photon Emission Microscopy. Spectroscopic Photon Emission Microscopy. Photon Emission from Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors under Hot-Carrier Stressing. Photon Emission from Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors under High-Field Impulse Stressing. Oxide Degradation and Photon Emission from Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Capacitor Structures. Index.
£174.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Adaptive Filtering and Change Detection
Book SynopsisAdaptive filtering is a branch of digital signal processing (DSP) that enables the selective enhancement of desired elements of a signal and the reduction of undesired elements. Change detection is another kind of adaptive filtering for non--stationary signals. It is the basic tool in fault detection and diagnosis.Trade Review"This book has acquired a permanent place on my bookshelf because it brings together topics I have previously only seen in research papers an provides hard-won practical advice on how those topics may be tuned to solve real problems...." (CVu, April 2001) "this is a good book in terms of the topics selected and the approaches adopted...useful for all specialists interested in digital signal processing, who will find the book an indispensable and enlightening read." (Studies in Informatics & Control, March 2002)Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION Extended Summary. Applications. SIGNAL ESTIMATION On-Line Approaches. Off-Line Approaches. PARAMETER ESTIMATION Adaptive Filtering. Change Detection Based on Sliding Windows Change Detection Based on Filter Banks STATE ESTIMATION Kalman Filtering Change Detection Based on Likelihood Ratios Change Detection Based on Multiple Models Change Detection Based on Algebraical Consistency Tests THEORY Evaluation Theory Linear Estimation A. Signal models and notation B. Fault detection terminology
£147.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Wireless Access Networks Fixed Wireless Access
Book SynopsisThis work presents the economics, volume practicalities, and the technical and operational aspects of planning and maintaining fixed wireless access networks.Trade Review"This reference for students and professionals covers the design, operation, and maintenance of fixed wireless access and wireless local loop networks." (SciTech Book News Vol. 25, No. 2 June 2001)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements xiPart I Fundamentals of Fixed Wireless 11. The Case for Fixed Wireless Networks 3 2. Radio Communication, The Radio Spectrum and it’s Management 23 3. Point-to-Point (PTP) and Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) Wireless Systems & Antennas 41 4. Radio Modulation 57 5. Multiple Access Schemes for Point-to-Multipoint Operation 69 Part II system and Network Design 79 6. Basic Radio System Design and Functionality 81 7. Radio Propagation, System Range, Reliability and Availability 115 8. Radio Path and Radio Network Planning Considerations 139 9. Radio Network Frequency Planning 161 Part III Applications and Network Integration 195 10. Radio Applications and Network Integration 195 11. Wireless Local Loop (WLL) 227 12. Backbone, Backhaul and High Capacity Access Radio Systems 247 13. Data Networks and Radio 267 14. Broadband Wireless Access 283 15. Radio System Installation 301 16. Operation and Management of Wireless Access Networks 319 Appendices Appendix 1 Radio Bands and Channel Rasters for Fixed Wireless Systems 337 Appendix 2 ETSI Radio Specifications for Fixed Wireless 343 Appendix 3 IEEE Publications and FCC Standards 347 Appendix 4 Waveguide Specifications 349 Appendix 5 Coaxial Cable Waveguides (RG-Nomenclature) 351 Appendix 6 Forward Error Correction Codes 353 Appendix 7 Wireless propagation, Frequency Re-use, Design and Operations 359 Appendix 8 world Climate Zones and their Precipitation Characteristics 373 Appendix 9 Rainfall Attenuation Prediction Model 379 Appendix 10 Safety, Environmental and EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Standards Relevant to Fixed Wireless 381 Appendix 11 Radio Spectrum Charges for PTP and PMP System Operations 383 Appendix 12 Radio Regulations Agencies 385 Glossary of Terms 389 Bibliography 393 Index 395
£154.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Large Wind Turbines
Book SynopsisThis work provides coverage of the relationship between the design and cost issues of large wind turbines. Using simple principles of engineering science, the authors develop a model for quantifying the weight and cost of variable machine sizes, enabling quantitative comparisons to be made.Trade Review"This is a necessary book for all libraries supporting realistic engineering design for commercial development. Moreover many individuals will wish to have it on their shelves for reference and stimulation..." (Wind Engineering, 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Glossary of Symbols. Development of Large Wind Turbines. Wind Turbine Technology and Design Concepts. Design Factors Affecting Weight and Costs. Modelling of Wind Turbine Weight and Costs. Weight and Costs of Different Turbine Concepts. Economic Prospects of Large Wind Turbines. Offshore Developments. Index.
£298.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Power System Restructuring and Deregulation
Book SynopsisThe restructuring and deregulation of the power utility industry is resulting in significant competitive, technological and regulatory changes. Independent power producers, power marketers and brokers have added a new and significant dimension to the task of maintaining a reliable electric system.Trade Review"a valuable resource...to be highly recommended" (Power Engineering Journal, February 2002) "... a useful addition to a corporate or university library because of the quality of writing and topics covered..." (The Journal of Energy Literature, Vol. VIII, No. 1, 2002)Table of ContentsEnergy Generation under the New Environment Deregulation of Electric Utilities Competitive Wholesale Electricity Markets Distribution in a Deregulated Market Transmission Expansion in the New Environment Transmission Open Access Electric Power Industry Restructuring in China Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) Asset Management Power Quality Information Technology Applications Application of the Internet to Power System Monitoring and Trading Index
£168.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Bulletproofing TCPIPbased Windows NT2000 Networks
Book SynopsisFind out about TCP/IP--based network attack methods and threats to Windows NT/2000 computers and the preventive measures you can use to protect your infrastructure. Bulletproofing TCP/IP--based Windows NT/2000 Networks details the use of router access lists, firewalls, virus scanners and encryption.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. The TCP/IP Protocol Suite. Network Attack Methods. The Security Role of the Router. The Role of the Firewall. The Role of the Virus Scanner and Encryption. Host Attack Methods. Working with Windows. The Role of the Scanner. Index.
£100.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Recurrent Neural Networks for Prediction Learning
Book SynopsisNeural networks consist of interconnected groups of neurons which function as processing units and aim to reconstruct the operation of the human brain.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Fundamentals. Network Architectures for Prediction. Activation Functions Used in Neural Networks. Recurrent Neural Networks Architectures. Neural Networks as Nonlinear Adaptive Filters. Stability Issues in RNN Architectures. Data-Reusing Adaptive Learning Algorithms. A Class of Normalised Algorithms for Online Training of Recurrent Neural Networks. Convergence of Online Learning Algorithms in Neural Networks. Some Practical Considerations of Predictability and Learning Algorithms for Various Signals. Exploiting Inherent Relationships Between Parameters in Recurrent Neural Networks. Appendix A: The O Notation and Vector and Matrix Differentiation. Appendix B: Concepts from the Approximation Theory. Appendix C: Complex Sigmoid Activation Functions, Holomorphic Mappings and Modular Groups. Appendix D: Learning Algorithms for RNNs. Appendix E: Terminology Used in the Field of Neural Networks. Appendix F: On the A Posteriori Approach in Science and Engineering. Appendix G: Contraction Mapping Theorems. Appendix H: Linear GAS Relaxation. Appendix I: The Main Notions in Stability Theory. Appendix J: Deasonsonalising Time Series. References. Index.
£157.45
John Wiley & Sons Inc Crystal Growth Technology
Book SynopsisCrystal growth technology involve processes for the production of crystals and multilayers which are essential for microelectronics, communication technologies, lasers and energy-producing and energy-saving technologies. This title presents a complete survey of this important interdisciplinary field.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. PART 1: GENERAL ASPECTS OF CRYSTAL GROWTH TECHNOLOGY. 1. The Development of Crystal Growth Technology (H. J. ScheelI). Abstract. References. 2. Thermodynamic Fundamentals of Phase Transitions Applied to Crystal Growth Processes (P. Rudolph). References. 3. Interface-kinetics-driven Facet Formation During Melt Growth of Oxide Crystals (S. Brandon, A. Virozub and Y. Liu). Abstract. Acknowledgments. Note Added in Proof. References. 4. Theoretical and Experimental Solutions of the Striation Problem (H. J. Scheel). Abstract. References. 5. High-resolution X-Ray Diffraction Techniques for Structural Characterization of Silicon and other Advanced Materials (K. Lal). References. 6. Computational Simulations of the Growth of Crystals from Liquids (A. Yeckel and J. J. Derby). Acknowledgments. References. 7. Heat and Mass Transfer under Magnetic Fields (K. Kakimoto). Abstract. Acknowledgment. References. 8. Modeling of Technologically Important Hydrodynamics and Heat/Mass Transfer Processes during Crystal Growth (V. I. Polezhaev). Acknowledgments. References. PART 2: SILICON. 9. Influence of Boron Addition on Oxygen Behavior in Silicon Melts (K. Terashima). Abstract. Acknowledgments. References. 10. Octahedral Void Defects in Czochralski Silicon (M. Itsumi). References. 11. The Control and Engineering of Intrinsic Point Defects in Silicon Wafers and Crystals (R. Falster, V. V. Voronkov and P. Mutti). Abstract. Acknowledgments. References. 12. The Formation of Defects and Growth Interface Shapes in CZ Silicon (T. Abe). Abstract. References. 13. Silicon Crystal Growth for Photovoltaics (T. F. Ciszek). References. PART 3: COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS. 14. Fundamental and Technological Aspects of Czochralski Growth of High-quality Semi-insulating GaAs Crystals (P. Rudolph and M. Jurisch). Acknowledgement. References. 15. Growth of III-V and II-VI Single Crystals by the Verticalgradient-freeze Method (T. Asahi, K. Kainosho, K. Kohiro, A. Noda, K. Sato and O. Oda). References. 16. Growth Technology of III-V Single Crystals for Production (T. Kawase, M. Tatsumi and Y. Nishida). References. 17. CdTe and CdZnTe Growth (R. Triboulet). References. PART 4: OXIDES AND HALIDES. 18. Phase-diagram Study for Growing Electro-optic Single Crystals (S. Miyazawa). Abstract. Acknowledgment. References. 19. Melt Growth of Oxide Crystals for SAW, Piezoelectric, and Nonlinear-Optical Applications (K. Shimamura, T. Fukuda and V. I. Chani). References. 20. Growth of Nonlinear-optical Crystals for Laser-frequency Conversion (T. Sasaki, Y. Mori and M. Yoshimura). References. 21. Growth of Zirconia Crystals by Skull-Melting Technique (E. E. Lomonova and V. V. Osiko). Acknowledgments. References. 22. Shaped Sapphire Production (L. A. Lytvynov). References. 23. Halogenide Scintillators: Crystal Growth and Performance (A. V. Gektin and B. G. Zaslavsky). References. PART 5: CRYSTAL MACHINING. 24. Advanced Slicing Techniques for Single Crystals (C. Hauser and P. M. Nasch). Abstract. References. 25. Methods and Tools for Mechanical Processing of Anisotropic Scintillating Crystals (M. Lebeau). References. 26. Plasma-CVM (Chemical Vaporization Machining) (Y. Mori, K. Yamamura, and Y. Sano). Acknowledgements. References. 27. Numerically Controlled EEM (Elastic Emission Machining) System for Ultraprecision Figuring and Smoothing of Aspherical Surfaces (Y. Mori, K. Yamauchi, K. Hirose, K. Sugiyama, K. Inagaki and H. Mimura). Acknowledgement. References. PART 6: EPITAXY AND LAYER DEPOSITION. 28. Control of Epitaxial Growth Modes for High-performance Devices (H. J. Scheel). Abstract. General References. References. 29. High-rate Deposition of Amorphous Silicon Films by Atmospheric pressure Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (Y. Mori, H. Kakiuchi, K. Yoshii and K. Yasutake). Abstract. Acknowledgements. References. Index.
£144.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Handbook of Electrical Engineering For
Book SynopsisA.L. Sheldrake offers a practical treatment of power system design within the oil, gas, petrochemical and offshore industries. He provides a balance between sufficient mathematical theory and comprehensive practical application knowledge.Trade Review"...an excellent reference...with many worked out examples and loads of practical real world calculations, this well laid out book would be an invaluable guide for new power system engineers...and also provide experienced engineers a way to check their designs or find out about other areas." (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, January/February 2004)Table of ContentsForeword xix Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxiii About the Author xxv 1 Estimation of Plant Electrical Load 1 1.1 Preliminary Single-Line Diagrams 1 1.2 Load Schedules 2 1.2.1 Worked example 5 1.3 Determination of Power Supply Capacity 8 1.4 Standby Capacity of Plain Cable Feeders and Transformer Feeders 12 1.5 Rating of Generators in Relation to their Prime Movers 13 1.5.1 Operation at low ambient temperatures 13 1.5.2 Upgrading of prime movers 13 1.6 Rating of Motors in Relation to their Driven Machines 13 1.7 Development of Single-Line Diagrams 14 1.7.1 The key single line diagram 15 1.7.2 Individual switchboards and motor control centres 15 1.8 Coordination with other Disciplines 16 1.8.1 Process engineers 16 1.8.2 Mechanical engineers 17 1.8.3 Instrument engineers 17 1.8.4 Communication and safety engineers 18 1.8.5 Facilities and operations engineers 18 Reference 18 2 Gas Turbine Driven Generators 19 2.1 Classification of Gas Turbine Engines 19 2.1.1 Aero-derivative gas turbines 19 2.1.2 Light industrial gas turbines 20 2.1.3 Heavy industrial gas turbines 20 2.1.4 Single and two-shaft gas turbines 20 2.1.5 Fuel for gas turbines 23 2.2 Energy Obtained from a Gas Turbine 23 2.2.1 Effect of an inefficient compressor and turbine 29 2.2.2 Maximum work done on the generator 30 2.2.3 Variation of specific heat 31 2.2.4 Effect of ducting pressure drop and combustion chamber pressure drop 32 2.2.5 Heat rate and fuel consumption 35 2.3 Power Output from a Gas Turbine 36 2.3.1 Mechanical and electrical power losses 37 2.3.2 Factors to be considered at the design stage of a power plant 37 2.4 Starting Methods for Gas Turbines 39 2.5 Speed Governing of Gas Turbines 39 2.5.1 Open-loop speed-torque characteristic 39 2.5.2 Closed-loop speed-power characteristic 41 2.5.3 Governing systems for gas turbines 43 2.5.4 Load sharing between droop-governed gas turbines 44 2.5.5 Load sharing controllers 50 2.6 Mathematical Modelling of Gas Turbine Speed Governing Systems 52 2.6.1 Modern practice 52 2.6.2 Typical parameter values for speed governing systems 59 References 59 Further Reading 59 3 Synchronous Generators and Motors 61 3.1 Common Aspects Between Generators and Motors 61 3.2 Simplified Theory of Operation of a Generator 61 3.2.1 Steady state armature reaction 62 3.2.2 Transient state armature reaction 63 3.2.3 Sub-transient state armature reaction 63 3.3 Phasor Diagram of Voltages and Currents 64 3.4 The Derived Reactances 65 3.4.1 Sensitivity of X md , X a , X f and X kd to Changes in Physical dimensions 67 3.5 Active and Reactive Power Delivered from a Generator 68 3.5.1 A general case 68 3.5.2 The particular case of a salient pole generator 70 3.5.3 A simpler case of a salient pole generator 71 3.6 The Power Versus Angle Chart of a Salient Pole Generator 72 3.7 Choice of Voltages for Generators 73 3.8 Typical Parameters of Generators 73 3.9 Construction Features of High Voltage Generators and Induction Motors 78 3.9.1 Enclosure 78 3.9.2 Reactances 79 3.9.3 Stator windings 79 3.9.4 Terminal boxes 80 3.9.5 Cooling methods 80 3.9.6 Bearings 80 References 81 4 Automatic Voltage Regulation 83 4.1 Modern Practice 83 4.1.1 Measurement circuits 83 4.1.2 Error sensing circuit 84 4.1.3 Power amplifier 84 4.1.4 Main exciter 88 4.2 IEEE Standard AVR Models 89 4.2.1 Worked example 92 4.2.2 Worked example 92 4.2.3 Determining of saturation constants 93 4.2.4 Typical parameter values for AVR systems 97 Reference 97 5 Induction Motors 99 5.1 Principle of Operation of the Three-Phase Motor 99 5.2 Essential Characteristics 100 5.2.1 Motor torque versus speed characteristic 100 5.2.2 Motor starting current versus speed characteristic 107 5.2.3 Load torque versus speed characteristic 108 5.2.4 Sensitivity of characteristics to changes in resistances and reactances 109 5.2.5 Worked example 109 5.2.6 Typical impedance data for two-pole and four-pole induction motors 114 5.2.7 Representing the deep-bar effect by two parallel branches 114 5.3 Construction of Induction Motors 119 5.4 Derating Factors 121 5.5 Matching the Motor Rating to the Driven Machine Rating 121 5.6 Effect of the Supply Voltage on Ratings 122 5.7 Effect of the System Fault Level 123 5.8 Cable Volt-drop Considerations 123 5.9 Critical Times for Motors 125 5.10 Methods of Starting Induction Motors 125 5.10.1 Star-delta method 126 5.10.2 Korndorfer auto-transformer method 126 5.10.3 Soft-start power electronics method 127 5.10.4 Series reactor method 128 5.10.5 Part winding method 129 References 129 6 Transformers 131 6.1 Operating Principles 131 6.2 Efficiency of a Transformer 134 6.3 Regulation of a Transformer 135 6.4 Three-Phase Transformer Winding Arrangements 136 6.5 Construction of Transformers 137 6.5.1 Conservator and sealed type tanks 139 6.6 Transformer Inrush Current 140 References 142 7 Switchgear and Motor Control Centres 143 7.1 Terminology in Common Use 143 7.2 Construction 144 7.2.1 Main busbars 144 7.2.2 Earthing busbars 146 7.2.3 Incoming and busbar section switching device 146 7.2.4 Forms of separation 147 7.2.5 Ambient temperature derating factor 149 7.2.6 Rated normal current 149 7.2.7 Fault making peak current 149 7.2.8 Fundamental AC part 150 7.2.9 DC part 150 7.2.10 Double frequency AC part 150 7.2.11 Fault breaking current 152 7.2.12 Fault withstand duty 153 7.3 Switching Devices 154 7.3.1 Outgoing switching device for switchgear 154 7.3.2 Outgoing switching device for motor control centres 155 7.4 Fuses for Motor Control Centre Outgoing Circuits 156 7.5 Safety Interlocking Devices 157 7.6 Control and Indication Devices 158 7.6.1 Restarting and reaccelerating of motors 158 7.6.2 Micro-computer based systems 159 7.7 Moulded Case Circuit Breakers 162 7.7.1 Comparison with fuses 162 7.7.2 Operating characteristics 163 7.7.3 Cut-off current versus prospective current 164 7.7.4 i-squared-t characteristic 164 7.7.5 Complete and partial coordination of cascaded circuit breakers 165 7.7.6 Worked example for coordination of cascaded circuit breakers 167 7.7.7 Cost and economics 172 References 172 8 Fuses 173 8.1 General Comments 173 8.2 Operation of a Fuse 174 8.3 Influence of the Circuit X-to-R Ratio 174 8.4 The I 2 t Characteristic 176 8.4.1 Worked example 179 References 181 9 Cables, Wires and Cable Installation Practices 183 9.1 Electrically Conducting Materials used in the Construction of Cables 183 9.1.1 Copper and aluminium 184 9.1.2 Tin 184 9.1.3 Phosphor bronze 185 9.1.4 Galvanised steel 185 9.1.5 Lead 186 9.2 Electrically Non-Conducting Materials used in the Construction of Cables 187 9.2.1 Definition of basic terminology 187 9.3 Composition of Power and Control Cables 191 9.3.1 Compositional notation 192 9.3.2 Conductor 192 9.3.3 Conductor semiconducting screen 196 9.3.4 Insulation 196 9.3.5 Insulation semiconductor screen 197 9.3.6 Inner sheath 197 9.3.7 Lead sheathing 197 9.3.8 Armouring 198 9.3.9 Outer sheath 198 9.4 Current Ratings of Power Cables 198 9.4.1 Continuous load current 198 9.4.2 Continuous rated current of a cable 199 9.4.3 Volt-drop within a cable 209 9.4.4 Protection against overloading current 242 9.5 Cables with Enhanced Performance 244 9.5.1 Fire retardance 244 9.5.2 Fire resistance 245 9.5.3 Emission of toxic gases and smoke 245 9.5.4 Application of fire retardant and fire resistant cables 246 Reference 247 10 Hazardous Area Classification and the Selection of Equipment 249 10.1 Historical Developments 249 10.2 Present Situation 249 10.3 Elements of Hazardous Area Classification 251 10.3.1 Mixtures of gases, vapours and air 251 10.4 Hazardous Area Zones 253 10.4.1 Non-hazardous area 253 10.4.2 Zone 2 hazardous area 253 10.4.3 Zone 1 hazardous area 253 10.4.4 Zone 0 hazardous area 254 10.4.5 Adjacent hazardous zones 254 10.5 Types of Protection for Hazardous Areas 254 10.5.1 Type of protection ‘d’ 255 10.5.2 Type of protection ‘e’ 256 10.5.3 Type of protection ‘i’ 256 10.5.4 Type of protection ‘m’ 257 10.5.5 Type of protection ‘n’ and ‘n’ 257 10.5.6 Type of protection ‘o’ 258 10.5.7 Type of protection ‘p’ 258 10.5.8 Type of protection ‘q’ 259 10.5.9 Type of protection ‘s’ 259 10.5.10 Type of protection ‘de’ 259 10.6 Types of Protection for Ingress of Water and Solid Particles 260 10.6.1 European practice 260 10.6.2 American practice 261 10.7 Certification of Hazardous Area Equipment 265 10.8 Marking of Equipment Nameplates 266 References 266 Further Reading 266 11 Fault Calculations and Stability Studies 269 11.1 Introduction 269 11.2 Constant Voltage Source – High Voltage 269 11.3 Constant Voltage Source – Low Voltage 271 11.4 Non-Constant Voltage Sources – All Voltage Levels 273 11.5 Calculation of Fault Current due to Faults at the Terminals of a Generator 274 11.5.1 Pre-fault or initial conditions 274 11.5.2 Calculation of fault current – RMS symmetrical values 276 11.6 Calculate the Sub-Transient symmetrical RMS Fault Current Contributions 279 11.6.1 Calculate the sub-transient peak fault current contributions 281 11.7 Application of the Doubling Factor to Fault Current I′′frms found in 11.6 287 11.7.1 Worked example 288 11.7.2 Breaking duty current 291 11.8 Computer Programs for Calculating Fault Currents 292 11.8.1 Calculation of fault current – RMS and peak asymmetrical values 292 11.8.2 Simplest case 293 11.8.3 The circuit x-to-r ratio is known 293 11.8.4 Detailed generator data is available 293 11.8.5 Motor contribution to fault currents 293 11.9 The use of Reactors 294 11.9.1 Worked example 297 11.10 Some Comments on the Application of IEC60363 and IEC 60909 300 11.11 Stability Studies 300 11.11.1 Steady state stability 301 11.11.2 Transient stability 303 References 308 Further Reading 309 12 Protective Relay Coordination 311 12.1 Introduction to Overcurrent Coordination 311 12.1.1 Relay notation 313 12.2 Generator Protection 313 12.2.1 Main generators 313 12.2.2 Overcurrent 314 12.2.3 Differential stator current relay 318 12.2.4 Field failure relay 319 12.2.5 Reverse active power relay 321 12.2.6 Negative phase sequence relay 322 12.2.7 Stator earth fault relays 322 12.2.8 Over terminal voltage 324 12.2.9 Under terminal voltage 324 12.2.10 Under- and overfrequency 325 12.3 Emergency Diesel Generators 325 12.4 Feeder Transformer Protection 326 12.4.1 Overcurrent 329 12.4.2 High-set or instantaneous current 330 12.4.3 Characteristics of the upstream source 332 12.5 Feeder Cable Protection 332 12.5.1 Overcurrent protection 332 12.5.2 Short-circuit protection 333 12.5.3 Earth fault protection 333 12.6 Busbar Protection in Switchboards 334 12.6.1 Busbar zone protection 334 12.6.2 Overcurrent protection 335 12.6.3 Undervoltage protection 335 12.7 High Voltage Induction Motor Protection 336 12.7.1 Overloading or thermal image 337 12.7.2 Instantaneous or high-set overcurrent 339 12.7.3 Negative phase sequence 339 12.7.4 Core balance earth fault 340 12.7.5 Differential stator current 340 12.7.6 Stalling current 340 12.7.7 Limitation to the number of successive starts 341 12.7.8 Undercurrent 341 12.7.9 High winding temperature 342 12.7.10 High bearing temperature 342 12.7.11 Excessive vibration 342 12.8 Low Voltage Induction Motor Protection 342 12.8.1 Overloading or thermal image 343 12.8.2 Instantaneous or high-set overcurrent 344 12.8.3 Negative phase sequence 344 12.8.4 Core balance earth fault 345 12.8.5 Stalling current 345 12.8.6 Limitation to the number of successive starts 345 12.9 Low Voltage Static Load Protection 345 12.9.1 Time-delayed overcurrent 346 12.9.2 Instantaneous or high-set overcurrent 346 12.9.3 Core balance earth fault 346 12.10 Mathematical Equations for Representing Standard, Very and Extremely Inverse Relays 346 References 349 13 Earthing and Screening 351 13.1 Purpose of Earthing 351 13.1.1 Electric shock 351 13.1.2 Damage to equipment 353 13.1.3 Zero reference potential 353 13.2 Site Locations 353 13.2.1 Steel structures 354 13.2.2 Land-based plants 354 13.2.3 Concrete and brick-built structures 356 13.3 Design of Earthing Systems 356 13.3.1 High voltage systems 356 13.3.2 Low voltage three-phase systems 357 13.3.3 IEC types of earthing systems 360 13.3.4 Earth loop impedance 365 13.3.5 Earthing rods and grids 367 13.4 Construction Details Relating to Earthing 371 13.4.1 Frames, casings and cubicle steelwork 371 13.4.2 Screwed and clearance hole entries 371 13.4.3 Earthing only one end of a cable 372 13.5 Screening and Earthing of Cables used in Electronic Circuits 373 13.5.1 Capacitance and inductance mechanisms 373 13.5.2 Screening against external interference 374 13.5.3 Earthing of screens 379 13.5.4 Screening of high frequencies 380 13.5.5 Power earths, cubicle and clean earths 381 References 383 14 Variable Speed Electrical Drivers 385 14.1 Introduction 385 14.1.1 Environment 386 14.1.2 Power supply 386 14.1.3 Economics 387 14.2 Group 1 Methods 388 14.2.1 Simple variable voltage supplies 388 14.2.2 Pole-changing of the stator winding 389 14.2.3 Pole amplitude modulated motors 390 14.2.4 Wound rotor induction motors 391 14.3 Group 2 Methods 392 14.3.1 Variable voltage constant frequency supply 392 14.3.2 Variable frequency variable voltage supply 392 14.4 Variable Speed DC Motors 394 14.5 Electrical Submersible Pumps 394 14.5.1 Introduction 394 14.5.2 Electrical submersible pump construction 395 14.6 Control Systems for AC Motors 397 References 400 15 Harmonic Voltages and Currents 401 15.1 Introduction 401 15.2 Rectifiers 402 15.2.1 Diode bridges 402 15.2.2 Thyristor bridges 404 15.2.3 Power transistor bridges 407 15.2.4 DC motors 407 15.3 Harmonic Content of the Supply Side Currents 413 15.3.1 Simplified waveform of a six-pulse bridge 413 15.3.2 Simplified commutation delay 414 15.3.3 Fourier coefficients of the line current waveform 414 15.3.4 Simplified waveform of a 12-pulse bridge 417 15.4 Inverters 421 15.4.1 Basic method of operation 421 15.4.2 Three-phase power inversion 422 15.4.3 Induction motor fed from a voltage source inverter 423 15.5 Filtering of Power Line Harmonics 429 15.6 Protection, Alarms and Indication 433 References 433 16 Computer Based Power Management Systems 435 16.1 Introduction 435 16.2 Typical Configurations 435 16.3 Main Functions 436 16.3.1 High-speed load shedding 436 16.3.2 Load shedding priority table 439 16.3.3 Low-speed load shedding 440 16.3.4 Inhibiting the starting of large motors 441 16.3.5 VDU display of one-line diagrams 442 16.3.6 Active power sharing for generators 443 16.3.7 Isochronous control of system frequency 443 16.3.8 Reactive power sharing for generators 444 16.3.9 Isochronous control of busbar voltage 444 16.3.10 Condition monitoring of the gas turbines 444 16.3.11 Scheduling the starting up and shutting down of the main generators 445 16.3.12 Control of the reacceleration of motor loads 446 16.3.13 Auto-synchronising of the main generators 447 16.3.14 Data logging, archiving, trending display, alarms, messages and status reporting 448 17 Uninterruptible Power Supplies 449 17.1 AC Uninterruptible Power Supplies 449 17.1.1 The inverter 449 17.1.2 Coordination of the sub-circuit rated current with the inverter rated current 450 17.1.3 Earth fault leakage detection 451 17.2 DC Uninterruptible Power Supplies 451 17.2.1 UPS battery chargers 452 17.2.2 Batteries 455 17.3 Redundancy Configurations 457 References 458 18 Miscellaneous Subjects 459 18.1 Lighting Systems 459 18.1.1 Types of lighting fittings 461 18.1.2 Levels of illumination 461 18.2 Navigation Aids 463 18.2.1 Flashing marker lights 463 18.2.2 White and red flashing lights 464 18.2.3 Navigation buoys 465 18.2.4 Identification panels 465 18.2.5 Aircraft hazard lighting 465 18.2.6 Helicopter landing facilities 466 18.2.7 Radar 466 18.2.8 Radio direction-finder 466 18.2.9 Sonar devices 467 18.3 Cathodic Protection 467 References 468 19 Preparing Equipment Specifications 469 19.1 The Purpose of Specifications 469 19.2 A Typical Format for a Specification 470 19.2.1 Introduction 471 19.2.2 Scope of supply 471 19.2.3 Service and environmental conditions 471 19.2.4 Compliant international standards 471 19.2.5 Definition of technical and non-technical terms 471 19.2.6 Performance or functional requirements 472 19.2.7 Design and construction requirements 473 19.2.8 Inspection and testing 474 19.2.9 Spare parts 475 19.2.10 Documentation 475 19.2.11 Appendices 477 20 Summary of the Generalised Theory of Electrical Machines as Applied to Synchronous Generators and Induction Motors 479 20.1 Introduction 479 20.2 Synchronous Generator 480 20.2.1 Basic mathematical transformations 483 20.3 Some Notes on Induction Motors 490 20.3.1 Derived reactances 491 20.3.2 Application of three-phase short circuit 491 20.3.3 Derived reactances and time constants for an induction motor 493 20.3.4 Derivation of an equivalent circuit 495 20.3.5 ‘Re-iteration or recapitulation’ 496 20.3.6 Contribution of three-phase short-circuit current from induction motor 501 References 504 Further Reading 505 Appendix A Abbreviations Commonly used in Electrical Documents 507 Appendix B A List of Standards Often Used for Designing Electrical Systems and for Specifying Equipment 517 B. 1 International Electro-technical Commission (Europe) 517 B. 2 Institute of Petroleum (UK) 525 B. 3 International Standards Organisation (Worldwide) 526 B. 4 British Standards Institution (UK) 526 B. 5 American Petroleum Institute (USA) 530 B. 6 Counseil International des Grands Reseaux Electriques (France) 530 B. 7 Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association (UK) 530 B. 8 Electricity Council (UK) 531 B. 9 Verband Deutscher Electrechniker (Germany) 531 B.10 Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers Inc. (USA) 531 B.11 Miscellaneous References from the UK 532 Appendix C Numbering System for Protective Devices, Control and Indication Devices for Power Systems 533 C. 1 Application of Protective Relays, Control and Alarm Devices for Power System Circuits 533 C.1.1 Notes to sub-section C. 1 535 C. 2 Electrical Power System Device Numbers and Functions 536 Appendix D Under-Frequency and Over-Temperature Protection of Gas-Turbine Driven Generators 539 Appendix E List of Document Types to be Produced During a Project 545 E. 1 Contractors Documents 546 E.1.1 Feasibility studies 546 E.1.2 Conceptual design 546 E.1.3 Detail design 547 E. 2 Manufacturers Documents 549 E.2.1 Feasibility studies 549 E.2.2 Conceptual design 549 E.2.3 Detail design 549 Appendix F Worked Example for Calculating the Performance of a Gas Turbine 551 F. 1 The Requirements and Data Given 551 F. 2 Basic Requirements 551 F. 3 Detailed Requirements 552 F. 4 Basic Solutions 552 F. 5 Detailed Solutions 553 Appendix G Worked Example for the Calculation of Volt-drop in a Circuit Containing an Induction Motor 559 G.1 Introduction 559 Appendix H Worked Example for the Calculation of Earthing Current and Electric Shock Hazard Potential Difference in a Rod and Grid Earthing System 585 H.1 Worked Example 585 Appendix I Conversion Factors for the SI System of Units 597 I. 1 Fundamental SI Units 597 I. 2 Derived Non-electrical Units 597 I. 3 Derived Electrical Units 598 I. 4 Conversions 598 I.4. 1 Length 598 I.4. 2 Area 599 I.4. 3 Volume 599 I.4.4 Mass and density 600 I.4. 5 Velocity and acceleration 600 I.4.6 Force 601 I.4. 7 Torque 601 I.4. 8 Power 601 I.4. 9 Energy and work 601 I.4.10 Pressure 602 I.4.11 Moment of inertia and momentum 603 I.4.12 Illumination 603 I.4.13 Electricity and magnetism 604 I.4.14 Miscellaneous quantities 604 I. 5 International Standards Organisation (ISO) Conditions 605 I. 6 Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) Conditions 605 I. 7 Regularly Used Constants 605 I. 8 Regularly Used Prefixes 606 I. 9 References 606 Index 607
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John Wiley & Sons Inc Electroceramics
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John Wiley & Sons Inc Sonar for Practising Engineers
Book SynopsisThe first book exclusively on sonar and sonar technology. Written by an engineer (with over 40 years of experience in the field) for engineers.Table of ContentsPreface xiii About the Author xv Introduction xvii 1 Sound 1 2 Arrays 13 3 Propagation of Sound in the Sea 43 4 Target Strength 67 5 Noise in Sonar Systems 83 6 Reverberation 103 7 The Sonar Equations 119 8 Passive Sonar 125 9 Active Sonar 161 10 Echo Sounding and Side Scan Sonars 221 11 Mine Hunting Sonars 233 12 Intercepts and Communications Sonars 249 13 Active Sonar Design 261 Conclusion 277 Solutions to Problems 281 Index 293
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Book SynopsisThe art of RF circuit design made simple..... Radio Frequency circuits are the fundamental building blocks in a vast array of consumer electronics and wireless communication devices. Jeremy Everard''s unique combination of theory and practice provides insight into the principles of operation, together with invaluable guidance to developing robust and long-lasting circuit designs. Features include: ? Simplified approach to RF circuit theory and device modelling using algebraic approximations to illustrate the important underlying principles. ? A comprehensive design guide to low noise oscillators backed by a full theoretical treatment, based on the author''s latest research, and including extensive design examples. ? Key concepts of broad and narrow band small signal amplifiers, mixers, and high-efficiency broadband power amplifier design. ? How to develop large signal circuit models with simulation and tuning in real time. ? Charts of performanTrade Review"A text explaining the building blocks used in designing radio frequency circuits...at the component and the intermediate block level." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Transistor and Component Models at Low and High Frequencies. Two Port Network Parameters. Small Signal Amplifier Design and Measurement. Low Noise Oscillators. Mixers. Power Amplifiers. 'Real Time' Large Signal Modelling. Index.
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John Wiley & Sons Inc The GSM Network GPRS Evolution One Step Towards
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John Wiley & Sons Inc Wireless Flexible Personalised Communications
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