Electronics and communications engineering Books

Book SynopsisFrom simple thermistors to intelligent silicon microdevices with powerful capabilities to communicate information across networks, sensors play an important role in such diverse fields as biomedical and chemical engineering to wireless communications.Trade Review"...this book provides a good basis for anyone entering or studying the field of smart sensors...not only...for the inexperienced...but also...very useful to those with some experience." (IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, December 2002)Table of ContentsPreface. List of Abbreviations and Symbols. Introduction. Smart Sensors for Electrical and Non-Electrical, Physical and Chemical Variables: Tendencies and Perspectives. Converters for Different Variables to Frequency-Time Parameters of the Electric Signal. Data Acquisition Methods for Multichannel Sensor Systems. Methods of Frequency-to-Code Conversion. Advanced and Self-Adapting Methods of Frequency-to-Code Conversion. Signal Processing in Quasi-Digital Smart Sensors. Digital Output Smart Sensors with Software-Controlled Performances and Functional Capabilities. Multichannel Intelligent and Virtual Sensor Systems. Smart Sensor Design at Software Level. Smart Sensor Buses and Interface Circuits. Future Directions. References. Appendix A: What is on the Sensors Web Portal? Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisSoftware radio SWR (or software defined radio, SDR), is a radio, whose channel modulation waveforms are defined in software. As a result, the operation of such a radio can be imperceptibly updated or configured by the service provider, automated system or user in the field for another service or application.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Foreword - by Dr Joseph Mitola iii xvii Abbreviations xix Biographies xxvii Introduction xxxv Part I: Perspective 1 1 Software Based Radio 3 Stephen Blust – Cingular Wireless 1.1 A Multi-Dimensional Model Sets the Stage 3 1.2 What is Software Based Radio 5 1.2.1 Software Defined Radio and Software Radio 5 1.2.2 Adaptive Intelligent Software Radio and Other Definitions 8 1.2.3 Functionality, Capability and SBR Evolution 10 1.3 Architectural Perspectives for a Software Based Radio 11 1.3.1 The Radio Implementer plane 11 1.3.2 The Network Operator plane 12 1.4 Software Radio Concepts 13 1.5 Adoption Timeframes for Software Based Radio 15 1.6 Realization of Software Based Radio Requires New Technology 17 1.7 Power/Performance/Price Limitations of Handsets Dictates Inflexible Networks 17 1.8 Regulatory Concepts Facilitate SBR Introduction 18 1.9 Conclusions 20 Acknowledgements 21 References 21 Part II: Front End Technology 23 2 Radio Frequency Translation for Software Defined Radio 25 Mark Beach, Paul Warr & John MacLeod - University of Bristol 2.1 Requirements and Specifications 26 2.1.1 Transmitter Specifications 26 2.1.2 Receiver Specifications 27 2.1.3 Operating Frequency Bands 27 2.2 Receiver Design Considerations 30 2.2.1 Basic Considerations 30 2.2.2 Receiver Architectures 32 2.2.3 Dynamic Range Issues and Calculation 35 2.2.4 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) and Noise Power Ratio (NPR) 41 2.2.5 Receiver Signal Budget 42 2.2.6 Image Rejection 45 2.2.7 Filter Functions within the Receiver 47 2.3 Transmitter Design Considerations 47 2.3.1 Filtering Analogies between Receiver and Transmitter 47 2.3.2 Transmitter Architectures 48 2.3.3 Transmitter Efficiency and Linearity 50 2.4 Candidate Architectures for SDR 56 2.4.1 Zero IF Receivers 56 2.4.2 Quadrature Local Oscillator 59 2.4.3 Variable Preselect Filters 61 2.4.4 Low IF Receivers 66 2.5 Conclusions 70 Acknowledgements 71 References 71 Appendix 73 3 Radio Frequency Front End Implementations for Multimode SDRs 79 Mark Cummings - enVia 3.1 Evolution of Radio Systems 80 3.2 Evolution of RF Front Ends – Superheterodyne Architecture 83 3.3 The AN2/6 Product Family – Dual Band, Six Mode 85 3.3.1 The AN2/6 Architecture 86 3.3.2 Lessons Learned From the AN2/ 6 88 3.4 Alternative RF Front End Architectures 93 3.4.1 Direct Conversion RF Front Ends 93 3.4.2 Pure Digital RF Front Ends 96 3.4.3 Analog Digital Combination Solutions 96 3.4.4 Directions for a Completely Successful SDR RF Front End 97 3.5 Conclusion 98 Acknowledgements 98 References 98 4 Data Conversion in Software Defined Radios 99 Brad Brannon, Chris Cloninger, Dimitrios Efstathiou, Paul Hendriks, Zoran Zvonar – AnalogDevices 4.1 The Importance of Data Converters in Software Defined Radios 99 4.1.1 ADCs for SDR Base Stations 100 4.1.2 ADCs for SDR Handsets 101 4.1.3 DACs for SDR Applications 101 4.2 Converter Architectures 102 4.2.1 Flash Converters 102 4.2.2 Multistage Converters 104 4.2.3 Sigma-Delta Converters 105 4.2.4 Digital-to-Analog Converters 107 4.3 Converter Performance Impact on SDR 109 4.3.1 Noise Sources – Impact on SDR Sensitivity 109 4.3.2 SNR of Data Converter 112 4.3.3 Spurious Impact on Performance 114 4.3.4 Digital-to-Analog Converter Specification 121 4.4 Conclusions and Future Trends 123 References 125 5 Superconductor Microelectronics: A Digital RF Technology for Software Radios 127 Darren K. Brock – HYPRES, Inc. 5.1 Introduction 127 5.1.1 Superconductivity and the Josephson Effect 128 5.1.2 Established Applications of Superconductors 130 5.1.3 Emerging Applications - Software Defined Radio 131 5.2 Rapid Single Flux Quantum Digital Logic 132 5.2.1 Circuit Characteristics 132 5.2.2 Example RSFQ Logic Gate - RS Flip Flop 134 5.2.3 RSFQ Data Converters 135 5.2.4 RSFQ Scaling theory 138 5.3 Cryogenic Aspects 139 5.4 Superconductor SDR for Commercial Applications 140 5.4.1 Superconductors in Wireless Communications 140 5.4.2 Advantages of Superconductor Receivers 141 5.4.3 Trends in Spread Spectrum Communications 143 5.4.4 High Power Amplifier Linearization 145 5.4.5 Digital RF Transceiver 145 5.5 Superconductor SDR for Military Applications 146 5.5.1 Co-Site Interference 146 5.5.2 Digitally Dehopping Spread Spectrum Signals 147 5.5.3 Satellite Communications 148 5.5.4 Accommodating New Waveforms 148 5.5.5 Massive Time Multiplexing 149 5.6 Conclusions 149 Acknowledgements 149 References 150 6 The Digital Front End: Bridge Between RF and Baseband Processing 151 Gerhard Fettweis & Tim Hentschel – Technische Universität Dresden 6.1 Introduction 151 6.1.1 The Front End of a Digital Transceiver 151 6.1.2 Signal Characteristics 153 6.1.3 Implementation Issues 155 6.2 The Digital Front End 155 6.2.1 Functionalities of the Digital Front End 155 6.2.2 The Digital Front End in Mobile Terminals and Base Stations 157 6.3 Digital Up- and Down-Conversion 158 6.3.1 Initial Thoughts 158 6.3.2 Theoretical Aspects 158 6.3.3 Implementation Aspects 161 6.3.4 The CORDIC Algorithm 163 6.3.5 Digital Down-Conversion with the CORDIC Algorithm 165 6.3.6 Digital Down-Conversion by Subsampling 165 6.4 Channel Filtering 167 6.4.1 Low-Pass Filtering after Digital Down-Conversion 167 6.4.2 Band-Pass Filtering before Digital Down-Conversion 172 6.4.3 Filterbank Channelizers 175 6.5 Sample Rate Conversion 181 6.5.1 Resampling after Reconstruction 181 6.5.2 Rational Factor SRC 184 6.5.3 Integer Factor SRC 185 6.5.4 Concepts for SRC 185 6.5.5 Systems for SRC 187 6.6 Example 192 6.6.1 Design Parameters 192 6.6.2 Digital Down-Conversion 193 6.6.3 Sample Rate Conversion 193 6.6.4 Channel Filtering 194 6.6.5 Summary 196 6.7 Conclusion 196 Acknowledgements 197 References 197 Part III: Baseband Technology 199 7 Baseband Processing for SDR 201 David Lund - HW Communications Ltd & Bahram Honary - Lancaster University 7.1 The Role of Baseband Architectures 201 7.2 Software Radio – From Silicon to Software 202 7.3 Baseband Component Technologies 206 7.3.1 Digital Signal Processors 208 7.3.2 Field Programmable Gate Arrays 210 7.3.3 Recent Digital Developments 214 7.3.4 Reconfigurable Analog Components 215 7.3.5 Component Technology Evolution 216 7.4 Design Tools and Methodologies 217 7.4.1 Design Tool Concepts – an Analogy 218 7.4.2 ASIC Design 219 7.4.3 FPGA Design 220 7.4.4 Future Design Flows and Tools 221 7.5 System Design and Maintenance 223 7.5.1 Object Orientation 223 7.5.2 Distributed Resource Management in SDR Processors 224 7.6 Conclusions 230 References and Further Reading 231 8 Parametrization – a Technique for SDR Implementation 233 Friedrich Jondral - University of Karlsruhe 8.1 Definitions 234 8.2 Adaptability 235 8.3 Parametrization of Standards 236 8.3.1 Second Generation – Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) 236 8.3.2 Second Generation - IS-136 (DAMPS) 238 8.3.3 Third Generation – Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) 240 8.4 Parametrization Example 246 8.4.1 A General Modulator 247 8.4.2 Effects of GMSK Linearization 251 8.5 Signal Processing Issues 254 8.5.1 DSP Capabilities and Limitations 254 8.5.2 FPGA Capabilities 255 8.6 Conclusions 255 References 256 9 Adaptive Computing IC Technology for 3G Software-Defined Mobile Devices 257 Paul Master & Bob Plunkett – QuickSilver Technology 9.1 Software Defined Radio – A Solution for Mobile Devices 257 9.1.1 Evolution of Wireless Standards 258 9.1.2 Market Forces Driving SDR for Wireless Devices 260 9.2 The Mobile Application Space and the Need for Processing Power 261 9.2.1 Processing Needs of the 3G Air Interface 261 9.2.2 Processing Needs of Mobile Vocoders 262 9.2.3 Processing Needs of Mobile Video 263 9.3 SDR Baseband Processing – The Implementation Dilemma 265 9.3.1 Limitations of Conventional IC Technologies 266 9.3.2 Resolving the Dilemma 267 9.4 Trade-Offs of Conventional IC Technologies 267 9.4.1 Limitations of Microprocessor and DSP Implementations 268 9.4.2 Limitations of ASIC Implementations 270 9.4.3 Limitations of FPGA Implementations 271 9.5 Hardware with Software Programmability 271 9.5.1 Adaptive Computing Technology 272 9.5.2 The ACM Implementation 273 9.5.3 Design Tools for Adaptive Computing 275 9.6 The Computational Power Efficiency Required by 3G Algorithms 277 9.7 Example Case Studies and Benchmarks 278 9.7.1 CDMA Rake Receiver 278 9.7.2 FIR and IIR Filtering 279 9.7.3 Vocoder 280 9.7.4 Multimedia – MPEG-4 Implementation 284 9.8 Conclusions 286 9.9 Looking to 4G and Beyond 287 References 288 Part IV: Software Technology 289 10 Software Engineering for Software Radios: Experiences at MIT and Vanu, Inc. 291 John Chapin – Vanu, Inc. 10.1 Overview of Vanu Systems 292 10.1.1 Representative Implementations 293 10.1.2 Difference from Other Software Radios 294 10.2 The Importance of Software in Software Radio 295 10.3 Software Portability 295 10.3.1 The Effects of Moore’s Law 296 10.3.2 Exploiting Moore’s Law 297 10.3.3 Generic Data Path 297 10.3.4 Temporal Decoupling 298 10.4 Commodity PC Hardware 300 10.5 Signal Processing Software 300 10.5.1 Data Pull 300 10.5.2 Signal Processing Stages as Objects 301 10.5.3 Stream Abstraction 302 10.5.4 Out of Band Communication 303 10.6 Control Software 303 10.6.1 Code Generation 303 10.6.2 Radio Description Language 304 10.7 Performance 307 10.8 Future Directions 308 Acknowledgements 309 References 309 11 Software Download for Mobile Terminals 311 Paul Bucknell & Steve Pitchers - Philips Research Laboratories 11.1 Why Software Download? 312 11.1.1 Software Reconfiguration 312 11.1.2 Software Downloading Terminals 312 11.1.3 Downloading New Air Interfaces 314 11.2 Downloading Technologies for SDR 314 11.2.1 Granularity 315 11.2.2 Component Communication and Binding 316 11.2.3 Content Function 316 11.2.4 Installation 317 11.2.5 Terminal Wide Aspects 317 11.2.6 Version Management 317 11.3 Standards for Downloading 317 11.3.1 Mobile Standards - 2G/3G Cellular 318 11.3.2 Software Standards 318 11.4 Seamless Upgrading ‘On the Fly’ 320 11.5 Security of Download 321 11.5.1 Secure Downloading of Applications 321 11.5.2 Secure Downloading of Native Software 322 11.6 Software Architectures for Download 323 11.7 Software Download Today - Digital TV 325 11.8 ‘Over the Air’, ‘On the Fly’ Reconfiguration: A Practical Example 326 11.8.1 Architecture 327 11.8.2 Basic Operation 328 11.8.3 Example Reconfigurations 328 11.8.4 Reconfiguration Manager 330 11.8.5 Reconfiguration Procedure 334 11.9 Future Applications of SDR Downloading 336 Acknowledgements 337 References 337 12 Protocols and Network Aspects of SDR 339 Klaus Moessner – Surrey University & Mobile VCE 12.1 Protocol Stacks: SAPs vs Reconfigurability 339 12.1.1 Service Provision via Service Access Points 340 12.1.2 Protocol Configuration and Reconfiguration 341 12.1.3 Interfaces vs SAPs 342 12.2 Approaches to Protocol Stack Reconfiguration 343 12.2.1 Protocols and Protocol Stacks 343 12.2.2 Modular Approaches: Adaptive, Composable & Reconfigurable Protocols 344 12.2.3 Active Networks 349 12.3 Reconfiguration Management And Control 351 12.3.1 The Scope of Reconfiguration Management 352 12.3.2 Requirements of a Management Architecture 354 12.3.3 Management Architecture Implications 357 12.4 Network Support for Software Radios 358 12.4.1 The Network Access and Connectivity Channel 358 12.4.2 The Bootstrap Channel 359 12.4.3 A Global or Universal Control Channel 359 12.4.4 The Interconnected Seamless Network 360 12.5 Conclusions 363 References 363 13 The Waveform Description Language 365 Edward Willink – Thales Research 13.1 The Specification Problem 366 13.2 WDL Overview 367 13.2.1 Decomposition 367 13.2.2 Communication 367 13.2.3 Influences 369 13.2.4 Hierarchical Diagrams 371 13.3 FM3TR Example 374 13.3.1 Protocol Layers 374 13.3.2 Physical Layer Modules 375 13.3.3 Physical Layer Finite State Machine 376 13.3.4 Voice and Data Finite State Machines 377 13.3.5 Hop Modulator 378 13.3.6 Hop Waveform 378 13.3.7 Rise Modulator 379 13.3.8 Summary 381 13.4 Refinement to an Implementation 381 13.4.1 Traditional Development Process 382 13.4.2 Refinement Process 382 13.4.3 Automation 385 13.4.4 The Reference Model 386 13.4.5 Target Environments 387 13.5 WDL Details 388 13.5.1 Type Abstractions 388 13.5.2 Scheduling Abstractions 389 13.5.3 Unified Scheduling Model 391 13.5.4 Leaf Specifications 393 13.6 A Practical WDL Support Environment 394 13.7 Conclusions 396 Acknowledgements 397 References 397 Index 399

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Book SynopsisThis text provides a technical history of the development of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) standards and the early evolution of UMTS (Univerisal Mobile Telecommunicaitons System). It presents background information and descriptions of the technical features of the GSM standards.Trade Review"a useful source of reference" (World Surface Coatings Abstracts, January 2002) "The author has done GSM industry a great service with this book-without it in twenty years time no one would remember anything about the early days of GSM." (GSM Daily)Table of ContentsGSM's Achievements (Friedhelm Hillebrand). The Agreement on the Concepts and the Basic Parameter of the GSM Standard (Mid-1982 to Mid-1987) (Thomas Haug, Philippe Dupuis and Stephen Temple). The Detailed Specification Work Leading to the GSM Phase 1 Standard used for the Opening of Service (1987-1991) (Thomas Haug). Consolidating GSM Phase 1 and Evolving the Services and System Features to GSM Phase 2 in ETSI SMG (1992-1995) (Philippe Dupuis). Evolving the Services and System features to Generation 2.5 by the GSM Phase 2+ Program (1993-2000) (Phillipe Dupuis, Friedhelm Hillebrand and Ansgar Bergmann). GSM Goes to North America (Don Zelmer). The UMTS Related Work of the European Commsiions, UMTS Taskforce, UMTS Forum and GSM Association (Joao da Silva, Ruprecht Niepold, Bosco Fernandez, Thomas Beijer and Josef Huber). The UMTS Standardisation Work in ETSI (Philippe Dupuis and Friedhelm Hillebrand). The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) (Karl Heinz Rosenbrock and Niels P.S. Andersen). Services and Services' Capabilities (Friedhelm Hillebrand and Alan Cox). System Architecture Evolution (Michel Mouly). Radio Aspects (Didier Verhulst and Michael Färber). The Subscriber Identity Module: Past, Present anf Future (Klaus Vedder). Voice Codes (Kari Järvinen). Security Aspects (Mike Walker and Timothy Wright). Short Message and Data Service (Friedhelm Hillebrand, Kevin Holley, Wolfgang Roth and Jürgen Baumann). Mobile Stations Type Appproval (Remi Thomas and David Barnes). Operations and Maintenance (Gisela Hertel). Professional Technical Support and its Evolution (Bernard Mallinder, Ansgar Bergmann and Adrian Scrase). Working Methods and their Evolution (Ansgar Bergmann). The Contributions of the GSM Association (Renzo Failli, George Schmitt, Arne Foxman, Petter Bliksrud, Armin Toepfer, Michael Giessler and Neil Lilly). GSM and UMTS Acceptance in the World (Friedhelm Hillebrand and Bernd Eylert). GSM Success Factors (Friedhelm Hillebrand). Appendices. Index. List of Authors.

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Book SynopsisThis book demonstrates the role of coding in communication and data storage systems design, illustrating the correct use of codes and the selection of the right code parameters. Relevant decoding techniques and their implementation are discussed in detail, while emphasizing the fundamental concepts of coding theory with minimal mathematical tools.Table of ContentsThe Principles of Coding in Digital Communications. Convolutional Codes. Linear Block Codes. Cyclic Codes. Finite Field Arithmetic. BCH Codes. Reed Solomon Codes. Performance Calculations for Block Codes. Multistage Coding. Iterative Decoding. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn networks, Quality of Service (QoS) is the idea that transmission rates, error rates, and other characteristics can be measured, improved, and, to some extent, guaranteed in advance. QoS is of particular concern for the continuous transmission of high--bandwidth video and multimedia information.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. The Meaning of Quality of Service. Why QOS? Defining QOS. Book Preview. 2. Working at Layer 2. The IEEE 802.1p Signalling Technique. Configuring Cisco(r) Equipment. 3. QOS into the WAN. The IP Protocol Stack. Data Delivery. Queuing Addresses. The IPv4 Header. Router Queuing. First-in, First-out Queuing. Priority Queuing. Classifying Traffic Via the Arrival Interface. 4. Diffserv and MPLS. Differentiated Services. Supporting DiffServ in a Cisco Environment. Multi-Protocol Label Switching. Configuring MPLS. 5. The Resource Preservation Protocol. Understanding RSVP. Configuring RSVP. 6. QOS Enhancement Techniques. Enabling Static Routing. Enhancing the Address Resolution Process. Tailor the Access Line. Enabling RTP Header Compression. Enabling Other Compression Methods. Eliminate Directed Broadcasts. Enable Selective Acknowledgements. Enable Link Fragmentaton and Interleaving. 7. Monitoring Your Network. The Show Command. IP-Related Show Commands. Appendix: Testing Tools. Index.

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Book SynopsisSoftware radio SWR (or software defined radio, SDR), is a radio, whose channel modulation waveforms are defined in software. As a result, the operation of such a radio can be imperceptibly updated or configured by the service provider, automated system or user in the field for another service or application.Trade Review"...interesting book, highly relevant for broadcasters...The book is comphrehensive and representative, easy-to-read, and gives a lot of real-life information..." (EBU Technical Review, July 2002)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Foreword xv Abbreviations xvii Biographies xxvii Introduction xxxv Part I: Origins and Drivers 1 1 Setting the Scene – The What, How and Why of Software Defined Radio (SDR) 3 Walter Tuttlebee References17 2 US Defense Initiatives in Software Radio 19 Wayne Bonser Acknowledgements 70 References 70 3 The Softwore Defined Radio Forum 73 Allan Margulies Part II: Market Opportunity and Requirements 93 4 A Market Perspective: Software Defined Radio as the Dominant Design 95 John D.Ralston References 121 5 Software Radio: The User Dimension 123 Kate Cook Acknowledgements 146 References 147 6 Software Radio: The Mobile Network Operator Dimension 149 Eduardo Ballesteros and Carlos Martinez Part III: The Global Context 171 7 Reconfigurable Radio in Europe 173 Markus Dillinger and Didier Bourse Acknowledgements 197 References 197 8 Software Radio in Japan 199 Ryuji Kohno and Shinichiro Haruyama References 212 9 First Steps to Software Defined Radio Standards: MExE, the Mobile Execution Environment 215 Pubudu Chandrasiri References 241 10 European Regulation of Software Radio 243 Paul Bender and Stephen O’ Fee Further Reading 261 11 Regulation of Software defined Radio – United States 263 Mike Grable Part IV: Early Products 271 12 Defense: A Realized Software Defined Radio family for Military Applications 273 Rainer Bott and Ruediger Leschhorn References 299 13 Commercial: Digital Broadcast Receivers and Third-generation Products 301 David Hislop and Gavin Ferris Acknowledgements 323 References and Further Reading 323 Index 325

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Book SynopsisThe Moving Pictures Expert Group recently produced the MPEG--4 International Standard. One of the more revolutionary parts of the new standard is the Face and Body Animation, or FBA: the specification for efficient coding of shape and animation of human faces and bodies. This book concentrates on the animation of faces.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Author Biographies. Foreword. Preface. PART 1: BACKGROUND. The Origins of the MPEG-4 Facial Animation Standard (Igor S. Pandzic and Robert Forchheimer). PART 2: THE STANDARD. Face Animation in MPEG-4 (Jörn Ostermann). MPEG-4 Face Animation Conformance (Eric Petajan). PART 3: IMPLEMENTATIONS. MPEG-4 Facial Animation Framework for the Web and Mobile Applications (Igor S. Pandzic). The Facial Animation Engine (Fabio Lavagetto and Roberto Pockaj). Extracting MPEG-4 FAPS from Video (Jörgen Ahlberg). Real-Time Speech-Driven Face Animation (Pengyu Hong, Zhen Wen and Thomas S. Huang). Visual Text-to-Speech (Catherine Pelachaud). Emotion Recognition and Synthesis Based on MPEG-4 FAPs (Nicolas Tsapatsoulis, Amaryllis Raouzaiou, Stefanos Kollias, Roddy Cowie and Ellen Douglas-Cowie). The InterFace Software Platform for Interactive Virtual Characters (Igor S. Pandzic, Michele Cannella, Franck Davoine, Robert Forchheimer, Fabio Lavagetto, Haibo Li, Andrew Marriott, Sotiris Malassiotis, Montse Pardas, Roberto Pockaj and Gael Sannier). PART 4: APPLICATIONS. Model-based Coding: The Complete System (Haibo Li and Robert Forchheimer). A Facial Animation Case Study for HCI: The VHML-Based Mentor System (Andrew Marriott). PlayMail ? Put Words into Other People?s Mouth (Jörn Ostermann). E-Cogent: An Electronic Convincing aGENT (Jörn Ostermann). alterEGO: Video Analysis for Facial Animation (Eric Petajan). EPTAMEDIA: Virtual Guides and Other Applications (Fabio Lavagetto and Roberto Pockaj). Appendix 1: Evaluating MPEG-4 Facial Animation Players (Jörgen Ahlberg, Igor S. Pandzic and Liwen You). Appendix 2: Web Resources. Index.

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Book SynopsisInternet based applications are the emerging major source of traffic for wireless networks. Soon we will all be able to access the Internet from our mobile phones, PDAs, hand--held devices, etc. This book describes the networking technologies that will enable the seamless transmission of data to us, wherever we are.Trade Review"...excellent text book style...essential reading for those interested in or studying the topic..." (TelecomWorldWire, 25 June 2003) "...an excellent addition to the literature on the wireless mobile Internet...a must-read for seasoned professionals and also for those who are new to the subject...." (Computing Reviews) "...easy-to-read reference text is essential reading for those interested in or studying the topic..." (M2 Best Books, 25 June 2003) "...a survival guide that helps introduce us to issues related to providing Internet networking for wireless mobile terminals..." (IEEE Communications Magazine, Dec 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. PART I: THE WIRELESS INTERNET. An Introduction to Wireless Mobile Internet. Wireless Cellular Data Networks. Cellular Mobile Networks. Mobile Networks of the Future. PART II: FUNDAMENTAL TOPICS IN WIRELESS IP. Quality of Service in a Mobile Environment. Traffic Modeling for Wireless IP. Traffic Management for Wireless IP. Mobility in Cellular Networks. Transport Protocols for Wireless IP. Internet Protocol for Wireless IP. PART III: ADVANCED TOPICS IN WIRELESS IP. Internet Perspectives on Wireless IP. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Future Challenges. Satellites in Wireless IP. Acronyms. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisProvides the information needed to know to plan, implement, manage and upgrade Ethernet networks. This book helps to: improve your skills in employing Ethernet hubs, switches, and routers; learn how to set up and operate a wireless Local Area Network; discover how to extend a wired Ethernet via wireless LANs; and, understand cabling standards.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Introduction to Networking Concepts. Networking Standards. Ethernet Networks. Frame Operations. Networking Hardware and Software. Bridging and Switching Methods and Performance Issues. Routers. Wireless Ethernet. Security. Managing the Network. The Future of Ethernet. Index.

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Book SynopsisMicrowave materials are used in applications ranging from personal communication devices to military satellite services. The increasing requirement for the development of high frequency circuits and systems requires an understanding of the properties of materials functioning at the microwave level. This book discusses about microwave electronics.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Electromagnetic Properties of Materials. 2. Microwave Theory and Techniques for Materials Characterization. 3. Reflection Methods. 4. Transmission/Reflection Methods. 5. Resonator Methods. 6. Resonant-perturbation Methods. 7. Planar-circuit Methods. 8. Measurements of Permittivity and Permeability Tensors. 9. Measurement of Ferroelectric Materials. 10. Microwave Measurement of Chiral Materials. 11. Measurement of Microwave Electrical Transport Properties. 12. Measurement of Dieletric Properties of Materials at High Temperatures. Index.

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Book SynopsisUbiquitous computing is about distributed systems with a difference. It is about hundreds and thousands of computers embedded in everyday devices (such as phones, washing machines, TVs, heating sytems, smartcards, etc) communicating with each other over ad--hoc wireless networks.Trade Review"...a remarkably readable introduction to the topic...rich in background material." (IEEE Network, New Books & Multimedia Column, November 2002)Table of ContentsAbout the Author. Forward. Preface. Acknowledgements. Contact Information. 1. Introduction. Scenario. Essential terminology. Problems. Notation. 2. Ubiquitous computing. Xerox PARC. Norman's Invisible Computer. MIT. HP's Cooltown. ORL/AT&T Labs Cambridge. Security issues. 3. Computer security. Confidentiality. Integrity. Availability. Authentication. Security policies. 4. Authentication. New preconditions. The Resurrecting Duckling security policy model. The many ways of being a master. 5. Confidentiality. Cryptographic primitives for peanut processors. Personal privacy. 6. Integrity. Message integrity. Device integrity. 7. Availability. Threats to the communications channel. Threats to the battery energy. Threats from mobile code. 8. Anonymity. The Cocaine Auction Protocol. The anonymity layer. 9. Conclusions. Appendix A: A Short Primer on Functions. Appendix B: Existing Network Security Solutions. Annotated bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisPhotovoltaics (PV), the direct conversion of light from the sun into electricity, is an increasingly important means of distributed power generation. Using SPICE, the tool of choice for circuits and electronics designers, this book highlights the increasing importance of modelling techniques in the quantitative analysis of PV systems.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems and PSpice. Spectral Response and Short-Circuit Current. Electrical Characteristics of the Solar Cell. Solar Cell Arrays, PV Modules and PV Generators. Interfacing PV Modules to Loads and Battery Modelling. Power Conditioning and Inverter Modelling. Standalone PV Systems. Grid-connected PV Systems. Small Photovoltaics. Annex 1 PSpice Files Used in Chapter 1. Annex 2 PSpice Files Used in Chapter 2. Annex 3 PSpice Files Used in Chapter 3. Annex 4 PSpice Files Used in Chapter 4. Annex 5 PSpice Files Used in Chapter 5. Annex 6 PSpice Files Used in Chapter 6. Annex 7 PSpice Files Used in Chapter 7. Annex 8 PSpice Files Used in Chapter 8. Annex 9 PSpice Files Used in Chapter 9. Annex 10 Summary of Solar Cell Basic Theory. Annex 11 Estimation of the Radiation in an Arbitrarily Oriented Surface. Index.

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Book SynopsisPhotovoltaics (PV), the direct conversion of light from the sun into electricity, is an increasingly important means of distributed power generation. Using SPICE, the tool of choice for circuits and electronics designers, this book highlights the increasing importance of modelling techniques in the quantitative analysis of PV systems.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Photovoltaic Systems and Pspice Spectral Response and Short Circuit Current Electrical Characteristics of the Solar Cell Solar Cell Arrays PV Modules and PV Generators Interfacing PV Modules to Loads and Battery Modelling Power Conditioning and Inverter Modelling Stand - Alone PV Systems Grid Connected PV Systems Small Photovoltaics

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Book SynopsisWireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather than some form of wire) carry the signal over part or all of the communication path and the network is the totality of switches, transmission links and terminals used for the generation, handling and receiving of telecoms traffic.Trade Review"…covers a broad spectrum of both traditional and contemporary wireless technologies…well-written...well organized...should be a useful reference for any wireless practitioner or researcher." (IEEE Distributed Systems Online, May 2004)Table of ContentsPreface xv 1 Introduction to Wireless Networks 1 1.1 Evolution of Wireless Networks 2 1.1.1 Early Mobile Telephony 2 1.1.2 Analog Cellular Telephony 3 1.1.3 Digital Cellular Telephony 4 1.1.4 Cordless Phones 7 1.1.5 Wireless Data Systems 1.1.6 Fixed Wireless Links 11 1.1.7 Satellite Communication Systems 11 1.1.8 Third Generation Cellular Systems and Beyond 12 1.2 Challenges 12 1.2.1 Wireless Medium Unreliability 13 1.2.2 Spectrum Use 13 1.2.3 Power Management 13 1.2.4 Security 14 1.2.5 Location/Routing 14 1.2.6 Interfacing with Wired Networks 14 1.2.7 Health Concerns 14 1.3 Overview 15 1.3.1 Chapter 2: Wireless Communications Principles and Fundamentals 15 1.3.2 Chapter 3: First Generation (1G) Cellular Systems 16 1.3.3 Chapter 4: Second Generation (2G) Cellular Systems 16 1.3.4 Chapter 5: Third Generation (3G) Cellular Systems 17 1.3.5 Chapter 6: Future Trends: Fourth Generation (4G) Systems and Beyond 18 1.3.6 Chapter 7: Satellite Networks 19 1.3.7 Chapter 8: Fixed Wireless Access Systems 19 1.3.8 Chapter 9: Wireless Local Area Networks 20 1.3.9 Chapter 10: Wireless ATM and Ad Hoc Routing 21 1.3.10 Chapter 11: Personal Area Networks (PANs) 21 1.3.11 Chapter 12: Security Issues in Wireless Systems 22 1.3.12 Chapter 13: Simulation of Wireless Network Systems 22 1.3.13 Chapter 14: Economics of Wireless Networks 23 WWW Resources 23 References 23 2 Wireless Communications Principles and Fundamentals 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.1.1 Scope of the Chapter 26 2.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 26 2.2.1 Transmission Bands and their Characteristics 27 2.2.2 Spectrum Regulation 30 2.3 Wireless Propagation Characteristics and Modeling 32 2.3.1 The Physics of Propagation 32 2.3.2 Wireless Propagation Modeling 36 2.3.3 Bit Error Rate (BER) Modeling of Wireless Channels 41 2.4 Analog and Digital Data Transmission 41 2.4.1 Voice Coding 43 2.5 Modulation Techniques for Wireless Systems 46 2.5.1 Analog Modulation 47 2.5.2 Digital Modulation 49 2.6 Multiple Access for Wireless Systems 54 2.6.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 55 2.6.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 56 2.6.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 58 2.6.4 ALOHA-Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) 59 2.6.5 Polling Protocols 61 2.7 Performance Increasing Techniques for Wireless Networks 67 2.7.1 Diversity Techniques 67 2.7.2 Coding 71 2.7.3 Equalization 74 2.7.4 Power Control 75 2.7.5 Multisubcarrier Modulation 76 2.8 The Cellular Concept 77 2.8.1 Mobility Issues: Location and Handoff 80 2.9 The Ad Hoc and Semi Ad Hoc Concepts 81 2.9.1 Network Topology Determination 82 2.9.2 Connectivity Maintenance 83 2.9.3 Packet Routing 84 2.9.4 The Semi Ad Hoc Concept 84 2.10 Wireless Services: Circuit and Data (Packet) Mode 85 2.10.1 Circuit Switching 85 2.10.2 Packet Switching 86 2.11 Data Delivery Approaches 87 2.11.1 Pull and Hybrid Systems 88 2.11.2 Push Systems 88 2.11.3 The Adaptive Push System 89 2.12 Overview of Basic Techniques and Interactions Between the Different Network Layers 90 2.13 Summary 92 WWW Resources 92 References 93 Further Reading 94 3 First Generation (1G) Cellular Systems 95 3.1 Introduction 95 3.1.1 Analog Cellular Systems 96 3.1.2 Scope of the Chapter 97 3.2 Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) 97 3.2.1 AMPS Frequency Allocations 97 3.2.2 AMPS Channels 98 3.2.3 Network Operations 99 3.3 Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) 102 3.3.1 NMT Architecture 102 3.3.2 NMT Frequency Allocations 103 3.3.3 NMT Channels 103 3.3.4 Network Operations: Mobility Management 104 3.3.5 Network Operations 106 3.3.6 NMT Security 107 3.4 Summary 109 WWW Resources 109 References 109 4 Second Generation (2G) Cellular Systems 111 4.1 Introduction 111 4.1.1 Scope of the Chapter 113 4.2 D-AMPS 113 4.2.1 Speech Coding 114 4.2.2 Radio Transmission Characteristics 114 4.2.3 Channels 115 4.2.4 IS-136 116 4.3 cdmaOne (IS-95) 117 4.3.1 cdmaOne Protocol Architecture 117 4.3.2 Network Architecture-Radio Transmission 118 4.3.3 Channels 118 4.3.4 Network Operations 120 4.4 GSM 121 4.4.1 Network Architecture 122 4.4.2 Speech Coding 125 4.4.3 Radio Transmission Characteristics 125 4.4.4 Channels 129 4.4.5 Network Operations 129 4.4.6 GSM Authentication and Security 132 4.5 IS-41 133 4.5.1 Network Architecture 133 4.5.2 Inter-system Handoff 134 4.5.3 Automatic Roaming 135 4.6 Data Operations 136 4.6.1 CDPD 136 4.6.2 HCSD 138 4.6.3 GPRS 138 4.6.4 D-AMPS1 139 4.6.5 cdmaTwo (IS-95b) 140 4.6.6 TCP/IP on Wireless-Mobile IP 140 4.6.7 WAP 142 4.7 Cordless Telephony (CT) 143 4.7.1 Analog CT 143 4.7.2 Digital CT 144 4.7.3 Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications Standard (DECT) 144 4.7.4 The Personal Handyphone System (PHS) 147 4.8 Summary 147 WWW Resources 148 References 148 5 Third Generation (3G) Cellular Systems 151 5.1 Introduction 151 5.1.1 3G Concerns 153 5.1.2 Scope of the Chapter 154 5.2 3G Spectrum Allocation 154 5.2.1 Spectrum Requirements 154 5.2.2 Enabling Technologies 157 5.3 Third Generation Service Classes and Applications 158 5.3.1 Third Generation Service Classes 159 5.3.2 Third Generation Applications 160 5.4 Third Generation Standards 161 5.4.1 Standardization Activities: IMT-2000 161 5.4.2 Radio Access Standards 162 5.4.3 Fixed Network Evolution 183 5.5 Summary 185 WWW Resources 186 References 186 6 Future Trends: Fourth Generation (4G) Systems and Beyond 189 6.1 Introduction 189 6.1.2 Scope of the Chapter 190 6.2 Design Goals for 4G and Beyond and Related Research Issues 190 6.2.1 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 192 6.3 4G Services and Applications 195 6.4 Challenges: Predicting the Future of Wireless Systems 196 6.4.1 Scenarios: Visions of the Future 6.4.2 Trends for Next-generation Wireless Networks 197 6.4.3 Scenario 1: Anything Goes 198 6.4.4 Scenario 2: Big Brother 199 6.4.5 Scenario 3: Pocket Computing 200 6.5 Summary 200 WWW Resources 201 References 201 7 Satellite Networks 203 7.1 Introduction 203 7.1.1 Historical Overview 203 7.1.2 Satellite Communications Characteristics 204 7.1.3 Spectrum Issues 205 7.1.4 Applications of Satellite Communications 206 7.1.5 Scope of the Chapter 207 7.2 Satellite Systems 207 7.2.1 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) 208 7.2.2 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) 209 7.2.3 Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) 210 7.2.4 Elliptical Orbits 212 7.3 VSAT Systems 213 7.4 Examples of Satellite-based Mobile Telephony Systems 215 7.4.1 Iridium 215 7.4.2 Globalstar 220 7.5 Satellite-based Internet Access 222 7.5.1 Architectures 222 7.5.2 Routing Issues 224 7.5.3 TCP Enhancements 225 7.6 Summary 226 WWW Resources 227 References 228 Further Reading 228

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Book SynopsisMulti--antenna techniques are widely considered to be the most promising avenue for significantly increasing the bandwidth efficiency of wireless data transmission systems. In so called MIMO (multiple input multiple output) systems, multiple antennas are deployed both at the transmitter and the receiver.Trade Review"…This book can be recommended to researchers and engineers interested in acquiring knowledge…"(IEEE Communications Magazine, February 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. Acronyms. PART I: INTRODUCTION. Background. Diversity Gain, SNR Gain and Rate Increase. PART II: OPEN-LOOP METHODS. Open-loop Concepts: Background. Matrix Modulation: Low SNR Aspects. Increasing Symbol Rate: Quasi-orthogonal Layers. Receiver Algorithms. Matrix Modulation: High SNR Aspects. Robust and Practical Open-loop Designs. High-rate Designs for MIMO Systems. PART III: CLOSED-LOOP METHODS. Closed-loop Methods: Selected Multi-antenna Extensions. Analysis of Closed-loop Concepts. Hybrid Closed-loop and Open-loop Methods. Appendix A: Symmetries, Invariants and Inequalities. Appendix B: Matrix Representations of Clifford Algebras. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisUMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is the third generation telecommunications system based on WCDMA. WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is the radio interface for UMTS. WCDMA is characterised by use of a wider band than CDMA.Table of ContentsPreface. Digital Data Transmission. Cellular Mobile Radio Networks. Standardisation and Spectrum. UMTS System Architecture. The Protocol Stack at the Radio Interface. Data Transmission at the UMTS Radio Interface. The Physical Layer at the Radio Interface. Physical Channels and Procedures at the Radio Interface. Cellular CDMA Networks. Service Architectures and Services in UMTS. The Next Generation of Mobile Radio Systems. Answers to Questions. List of UMTS Release 4 Specifications. Acronyms. Index.

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Book SynopsisAdaptive Wireless Transceivers provides the reader with abroad overview of near-instantaneously adaptive transceivers in thecontext of TDMA, CDMA and OFDM systems. The adaptive transceiversexamined employ powerful turbo codecs, turbo equalisers andspace-time codecs, equipping the reader with a future-prooftechnological road map. It demonstrates that adaptive transceiversare capable of mitigating the channel quality fluctuations of thewireless channel as a lower-complexity alternative to space-timecoding. By contrast, if the higher complexity of multipletransmitters and multiple receiver-assisted systems is deemedacceptable, the advantages of adaptability erode. * Provides an in-depth introduction to channel equalisers andKalman filtering and discusses the associated complexity versusperformance trade-offs * Introduces wideband near-instantaneously adaptive transceiversand studies their performance both with and without turbo channelcoding * Describes how to optimise adaptivTrade Review"...provides an overview of near-instantaneously adaptive transceivers." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002)Table of Contents1 Prologue 1 1.1 Motivation of the Book 1 1.2 Adaptation Principles 4 1.3 Channel Quality Metrics 5 1.4 Transceiver Parameter Adaptation 5 1.5 Milestones in Adaptive Modulation History 7 1 .5 . 1 Adaptive Single- and Multi-carrier Modulation 7 1.6 Outline of the book 14 I Near-instantaneously Adaptive Modulation and Filtering Based Equalisation 19 2 Introduction To Equalizers 21 2.1 Coherent Demodulation of Square-QAM 23 2.2 Intersymbol Interference 29 2.3 Basic Equalizer Theory 29 2.4 Signal to Noise Ratio Loss of the DFE 40 2.5 Equalization in Multi-level Modems 41 2.6 Review and Discussion 42 3 Adaptive Equalization 45 3.1 Derivation of the Recursive Kalman Algorithm 46 3.2 Application of the Kalman Algorithm 54 3.3 Complexity Study 71 3.4 Adaptive Equalization in Multilevel Modems 72 3.5 Review and Discussion 77 4 Adaptive Modulation 81 4.1 Adaptive Modulation for Narrow-band Fading Channels 81 4.2 Power Control Assisted Adaptive Modulation 86 4.3 Adaptive Modulation and Equalization in a Wideband Environment 99 4.4 Review and Discussion 119 5 Turbo-Coded and Turbo-Equalised Adaptive Modulation 123 5.1 Turbo Coding 124 5.2 System Parameters 127 5.3 Turbo Block Coding Performance of the Fixed QAM Modes 128 5.4 Fixed Coding Rate, Fixed Interleaver Size Turbo Coded AQAM 131 5.5 Fixed Coding Rate. Variable Interleaver Size Turbo Coded AQAM 135 5.6 Blind Modulation Detection 139 5.7 Variable Coding Rate Turbo Block Coded Adaptive Modulation 146 5.8 Comparisons of the Turbo Block Coded AQAM Schemes 152 5.9 Turbo Convolutional Coded AQAM Schemes 161 5.10 Turbo Equalization 165 5.11 Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Wideband Coded Modulation 173 5.12 Review and Discussion 186 6 Adaptive Modulation Mode Switching Optimization 191 6 .l Introduction 191 6.2 Increasing the Average Transmit Power as a Fading Counter-Measure 192 6.3 System Description 196 6.4 Optimum Switching Levels 203 6.5 Results and Discussions 221 6.6 Review and Discussion 254 7 Practical Considerations of Wideband AQAM 257 7.1 Impact of Error Propagation 257 7.2 Channel Quality Estimation Latency 259 7.3 Effect of CO-channel Interference on AQAM 271 7.4 Review and Discussion 292 I1 Near-instantaneously Adaptive Modulation and Neural Network Based Equalisation 2978 Neural Network Based Equalization 299 8 .l Discrete Time Model for Channels Exhibiting Intersymbol Interference 299 8.2 Equalization as a Classification Problem 300 8.3 Introduction to Neural Networks 305 8.4 Equalization Using Neural Networks 311 8.5 Multilayer Perceptron Based Equaliser 311 8.6 Polynomial Perceptron Based Equaliser 314 8.7 Radial Basis Function Networks 316 8.8 K-means Clustering Algorithm 329 8.9 Radial Basis Function Network Based Equalisers 330 8.10 Scalar Noise-free Channel Output States 340 8.1 l Decision Feedback Assisted Radial Basis Function Network Equaliser 342 8.12 Simulation Results 354 8.13 Review and Discussion 382 9 RBF-Equalized Adaptive Modulation 385 9 .l Background to Adaptive Modulation in a Narrowband Fading Channel 386 9.2 Background on Adaptive Modulation in a Wideband Fading Channel 389 9.3 Brief Overview of Part I of the Book 390 9.4 Joint Adaptive Modulation and RBF Based Equalization 395 9.5 Performance of the AQAM RBF DFE Scheme 4 10 9.6 Review and Discussion 414 9.4.4 Simulation Model for Best-case Performance 399 10 RBF Equalization Using nrbo Codes 417 10.1 Introduction to Turbo Codes 417 10.2 Jacobian Logarithmic RBF Equalizer 419 10.3 System Overview 423 10.4 Turbo-coded RBF-equalized M-QAM Performance 427 10.5 Channel Quality Measure 432 10.6 Turbo Coding and RBF Equalizer Assisted AQAM 433 10.7 Review and Discussion 452 11 RBF Turbo Equalization 453 1 1 . 1 Introduction to Turbo equalization 453 11.2 RBF Assisted Turbo equalization 455 11.3 Comparison of the RBF and MAP Equaliser 457 11.4 Comparison of the Jacobian RBF and Log-MAP Equaliser 460 1 1.5 RBF Turbo Equaliser Performance 463 1 1.6 Reduced-complexity RBF Assisted Turbo equalization 471 11.7 In-phase/Quadrature-phase Turbo equalization 476 11.8 Turbo Equalized Convolutional and Space Time Trellis Coding 485 11.9 Review and Discussion 493 III Near-Instantaneously Adaptive CDMA and Adaptive Space-Time Coded OFDM 495 12 Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Multiuser Detection CDMA 497 12.1 Motivation 497 12.2 Multiuser Detection 498 12.3 Multiuser Equaliser Concepts 501 12.4 Adaptive CDMA Schemes 518 12.5 Burst-by-Burst AQAM/CDMA 521 12.6 Review and Discussion 533 13 Adaptive Multicarrier Modulation 535 13.1 Introduction 535 13.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 536 13.3 OFDM Transmission over Frequency Selective Channels 543 13.4 OFDM Performance with Frequency Errors and Timing Errors 547 13.5 Synchronization Algorithms 556 13.6 Adaptive OFDM 563 13.7 Pre-Equalization 579 13.8 Review and Discussion 584 14 Space-Time Coding versus Adaptive Modulation 589 14.1 Introduction 589 14.2 Space-Time Trellis Codes 590 14.3 Space-Time Coded Transmission Over Wideband channels 594 14.4 Simulation Results 603 14.5 Space-Time Coded Adaptive Modulation for OFDM 626 14.6 Review and Discussion 635 15 Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Research 639 15.1 Book Summary and Conclusions 639 15.2 Suggestions for Future Research 649 15.3 Closing Remarks 651 A Appendices 653 Bibliography 687 Index 713 Author Index 723

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Book SynopsisThis volume is the first in a series of three books addressing Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) physics, devices, circuits and design across the full range of integrated circuit technologies. ESD Physics and Devices provides a concise treatment of the ESD phenomenon and the physics of devices operating under ESD conditions. Voldman presents an accessible introduction to the field for engineers and researchers requiring a solid grounding in this important area. The book contains advanced CMOS, Silicon On Insulator, Silicon Germanium, and Silicon Germanium Carbon. In addition it also addresses ESD in advanced CMOS with discussions on shallow trench isolation (STI), Copper and Low K materials. Provides a clear understanding of ESD device physics and the fundamentals of ESD phenomena. Analyses the behaviour of semiconductor devices under ESD conditions. Addresses the growing awareness of the problems resulting from ESD phenomena in advanced integrated circuiTrade Review"…this is a good device book about ESD. Many useful equations are derived and explained." (IEEE Circuits & Devices, January/February 2006)Table of ContentsAbout the Author. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Electrostatics and Electrothermal Physics. 2. Electrothermal and Methods of Analysis ESD Models. 3. Semiconductor Device Physics and ESD. 4. Substrates and ESD. 5. Wells and Sub-collectors and ESD. 6. Isolation Technology and ESD. 7. Drain Engineering, Salicides and ESD. 8. Dielectrics and ESD. 9. Interconnects and ESD. 10. Silicon on Insulator (SOI) and ESD. 11. Silicon-Germanium and ESD. 12. Nanostructures and ESD. Index.

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Book SynopsisElectrostatic Discharge (ESD) within RF devices can result in the malfunctioning of nearby electronic equipment. This volume is designed as the third in a series of three books addressing Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) physics, devices, circuits and design.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1. RF DESIGN and ESD. 1.1 Fundamental Concepts of ESD design. 1.2 Fundamental Concepts of RF ESD Design. 1.3 Key RF ESD Contributions. 1.4 Key RF ESD Patents. 1.5 ESD Failure Mechanisms. 1.6 RF Basics. 1.7 Two-Port Network Parameters. 1.8. Stability: RF Design Stability and ESD. 1.9 Device Degradation and ESD Failure. 1.10 RF ESD Testing. 1.11 Time Domain Reflection (TDR) and Impedance Methodology. 1.12 Product Level ESD Test and RF Functional Parameter Failure. 1.13 Combined RF and ESD TLP Test Systems. 1.14 Closing Comments and Summary. Problems. References. Chapter 2. RF ESD Design. 2.1 ESD Design Methods: Ideal ESD networks and RF. 2.2 RF ESD Design Methods: Linearity. 2.3 RF ESD Design: Passive Element Quality Factors and Figures of Merit. 2.4 RF ESD Design Methods: Method of Subsitution. 2.5 RF ESD Design Methods: Matching Networks and RF ESD Networks. 2.6 RF ESD Design Methods: Inductive Shunt. 2.7 RF ESD Design Methods: Cancellation Method. 2.8 RF ESD Design Methods: Impedance Isolation Technique Using. 2.9 RF ESD Design Methods: Lumped versus Distributed Loads. 2.10 ESD RF Design Synthesis and Floor Planning: RF, Analog, and Digital Integration. 2.11 ESD Circuits and RF Bond Pad Integration. 2.12 ESD Structures Under Wire Bond Pads. 2.13 Summary and Closing Comments. Problems. References. Chapter 3. RF CMOS and ESD. 3.1 RF CMOS: ESD Device Comparisons. 3.2 Circular RF ESD Devices. 3.3 RF ESD Design—ESD Wiring Design. 3.4 RF Passives: ESD and Schottky Barrier Diodes. 3.5 RF Passives: ESD and Inductors. 3.6 RF Passives: ESD and Capacitors. 3.7 Summary and Closing Comments. Problems. References. Chapter 4. RF CMOS ESD Networks. 4.1 RF CMOS Input Circuits. 4.2 RF CMOS: Diode–Inductor ESD Networks. 4.3 RF CMOS Impedance Isolation LC Resonator ESD Networks. 4.4 RF CMOS LNA ESD Design. 4.5 RF CMOS T-Coil Inductor ESD Input Network. 4.6 RF CMOS Distributed ESD Networks. 4.7 RF CMOS Distributed ESD Networks: Transmission Lines. 4.8 RF CMOS: ESD and RF LDMOS Power Technology. 4.9 RF CMOS ESD Power Clamps. 4.10 Summary and Closing Comments. Problems. References. Chapter 5. Bipolar Physics. 5.1 Bipolar Device Physics. 5.2 Transistor Breakdown. 5.3 Kirk Effect. 5.4 Johnson Limit: Physical Limitations of the Transistor. 5.5 RF Instability: Emitter Collapse. 5.6 ESD RF Design Layout: Emitter, Base, and Collector Configurations. 5.7 ESD RF Design Layout: Utilization of a Second. 5.8 ESD RF Design Layout: Emitter Ballasting. 5.9 ESD RF Design Layout: Thermal Shunts and Thermal Lenses. 5.10 Base-Ballasting and RF Stability. 5.11 Summary and Closing Comments. Problems. References. Chapter 6. Silicon Germanium and ESD. 6.1 Heterojunctions and Silicon Germanium Technology. 6.2 Silicon Germanium Physics. 6.3 Silicon Germanium Carbon. 6.4 Silicon Germanium ESD Measurements. 6.5. Silicon Germanium Carbon Collector–Emitter ESD Measurements. 6.6 Silicon Germanium Transistor Emitter–Base Design. 6.7 Field-Oxide (FOX) Isolation Defined Silicon Germanium. 6.8 Silicon Germanium HBT Multiple-Emitter Study. 6.9 Summary and Closing Comments. Problems. References. Chapter 7. Gallium Arsenide and ESD. 7.1 Gallium Arsenide Technology and ESD. 7.2 Gallium Arsenide Energy-to-Failure and Power-to-Failure. 7.3 Gallium Arsenide ESD Failures in Active and Passive Elements. 7.4 Gallium Arsenide HBT Devices and ESD. 7.5 Gallium Arsenide HBT-Based Passive Elements. 7.6 Gallium Arsenide Technology Table of Failure Mechanisms. 7.7 Indium Gallium Arsenide and ESD. 7.8 Indium Phosphide (InP) and ESD. 7.9 Summary and Closing Comments. Problems. References. Chapter 8. Bipolar Receiver Circuits and Bipolar ESD Networks. 8.1 Bipolar Receivers and ESD. 8.2 Single Ended Common-Emitter Receiver Circuits. 8.3 Bipolar Differential Receiver Circuits. 8.4 Bipolar ESD Input Circuits. 8.5 Bipolar-based ESD Power Clamps. 8.6 Bipolar ESD Diode String and Triple-Well Power Clamps. 8.7 Summary and Closing Comments. Problems. References. Chapter 9. RF and ESD Computer-Aided Design (CAD). 9.1 RF ESD Design Environment. 9.2 ESD Design with Hierarchical Parameterized Cells. 9.3 ESD Design of RF CMOS-Based Hierarchical Parameterized Cells. 9.4 RF BiCMOS ESD Hierarchical Parameterized Cell. 9.5 Advantages and Limitations of the ESD Design System. 9.6 Guard Ring P-Cell Methodology. 9.7 Summary and Closing Comments. Problems. References. Chapter 10. Alternative ESD Concepts: On-Chip and Off-Chip. 10.1 Spark Gaps. 10.2 Field Emission Devices. 10.3 Off-chip Protection and Off-Chip Transient Suppression Devices. 10.4 Off-Chip Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) Devices. 10.5 Off-Chip Polymer Voltage Suppression (PVS) Devices. 10.6 Package-Level Mechanical ESD Solutions. 10.7 RF Proximity Communications Chip-to-Chip ESD Design Practices. 10.8 Summary and Closing Comments. Problems. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe capacity of wireless data communications is lagging behind demands due to unsatisfactory performance of the existing wireless networks, such as low data rates, low spectral efficiency and low quality of service. This book is about space time coding which is an effective transmit diversity technique to combat fading in wireless communications.Table of ContentsList of Acronyms. List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. Performance Limits of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Wireless Communication Systems. Space-Time Coding Performance Analysis and Code Design. Space-Time Block Codes. Space-Time Trellis Codes. Space-Time Turbo Trellis Codes. Layered Space-Time Codes. Differential Space-Time Block Codes. Space-Time Coding for Wideband Systems. Index.

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Book SynopsisReal--time software is indispensable to all ultrareliable and safety critical applications. Providing an introduction to real--time scheduling within centralised and distributed systems, this work covers issues such as clocks, specification, design and modelling.Table of ContentsIntroduction. 1. Basic Concepts. Real-time applications. Basic notions for real-time task scheduling. 2. Scheduling of Independent Tasks. Basic on-line algorithms for periodic tasks. Hybrid task sets scheduling. 3. Scheduling of Dependent Tasks. Tasks for precedence relationships. Tasks sharing critical resources. 4. Scheduling Schemes for Handling Overload. Scheduling techniques in overload conditions. Handling real-time tasks with varying timing parameters. Handling overload conditions for hybrid task sets. 5. Multiprocessor Scheduling. Introduction. First results and comparison with uniprocessor scheduling. Multiprocessor scheduling anomalies. Schedulability conditions. Scheduling algorithms. 6. Joint Scheduling of Tasks and Messages in Distributed Systems. Overview of distributed real-time systems. Task allocation in real-time distributed systems. Real-time traffic. Message scheduling. Conclusion. 7. Packet Scheduling in Networks. Introduction. Network and traffic models. Service disciplines. Work-conserving service disciplines. Non-work-conserving service disciplines. 8. Software Environment. Real-time operating system and real-time kernel. Real-time languages. Real-time middleware. Summary of scheduling capabilities of standardized components. 9. Case Studies. Real-time acquisition and analysis of rolling mill signals. Embedded real-time application: Mars Pathfinder mission. Distributed automotive application.

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Book SynopsisCompetition within the telecommunications companies is growing fiercer by the day. Therefore, it is vital to ensure a high level of quality and reliability within all telecommunications systems in order to guard against faults and the failure of components and network services. Within large scale systems such quality and reliability problems are ever higher. The metrics of Quality and Reliability have to date only been available in journals and technical reports of companies which have designed or produced major parts of systems used in large applications. This book provides a self-contained treatment enabling the reader to be able to produce, define and utilise the metrics of Quality and Reliability required for the design and implementation of a large application such as a world class event as the Olympic Games. An additional outcome is that this book can be used as a guide for producing an ISO standard for large scale Systems such as the Olympic Games. * Provides Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgement. 1 Introduction. 2 Reliability. Introduction. Reliability of Emerging Internet-based Services (H. Eslambolchi and M. Daneshmand). Reliability Issues in IP over Photonic Networks (S. Arakawa and M. Murata). 3 Survivability. Introduction. Key Issues in Survivable Cellular Systems (H. Sandalidis and P. Stavroulakis). Survivability in Wireless Mobile Networks (T. Dahlberg, et al.). 4 Quality. Introduction. Quality of Service Mechanisms in Multimedia Telecommunication Services (G. Rovithakis, et al.). QoS Metrics for Performance Assessment in Integrated Terrestrial-Satellite Multimedia Systems (A. Iera and A. Molinaro). TCP/IP-based Protocols over Satellite Systems: A Telecommunication Issue (M. Marchese). Outage Performance Considerations in Cellular Mobile Radio Networks (G. Karagiannidis and S. Kotsopoulos). Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio in Communication Systems as a Quality Measure (A. Sampath and D. Jeske). 5 A pplications. Introduction. Quality Wireless Broadband Home Networking (H. Zhang). A Reliable ATM Switch Design (Z. El-Saghir and A. Grzech). Quality of Service via an Optimal Routing Model (E. Aboelela and C. Douligeris). Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisUMTS as a technology allows for exciting new applications of some of the best ideas of services in the fixed telecoms, cellular/mobile telecoms, and internet environments, with many revolutionary new possibilities which simply do not exist in the current media and communications vehicles.The current worldwide interest in UMTS/3G is driven partly by the iminent roll-out of the new infrastructure during 2002/3. The general consensus in the telecoms industry is that that services will be driving this new UMTS/3G industry, and with no historical reference points, a large worldwide demand exists for this type of book. ''m-Profits: Making Money from 3G Servives'' will discuss 3G services from the view of what is needed for the service to provide value to the user, which technical features of the 3G network will be used, what is the value proposition for the user, how will money be made out of delivering the service, and discussions on how revenue sharing propositions might work to benefit coTrade Review"...A visionary theory of the future of telecoms economics..." (www.Wap Insigt, 16 September 2002) "...a fresh attempt to throw light on how that unwired world will develop...a sound primer...a valuable guide to the coming revolution..." (Information Age. January 2003) "...fascinating...a must for anyone in the business..." (M2 Best Books, 30 September 2002)Table of ContentsForeword. Acknowledgements. Intro to m-Profits: Show Me the Money. Characteristics of Mobile Services: What Makes Them Different. Mobile Phone the Most Personal Device: Cannot Live Without It. Micro-payments: The Magical Key to Content Revenues. The 5 M's of 3G Services: Recipe for Killer Cocktails. The Profits of Movement Services: Escaping the Fixed Place. The Profits of Mobile Services: Expanding the Concept of Time. The Profits of 'Me' Services. The Profits of Money Services: Expending Financial Resources. The Profits of Machine Services: Empowering Gadgets and Devices. Money Patterns in Cellular Networks: The 'Hockey Stick' Curves. Tariffing: Just Below the Pain Threshold. Marketing 3G Services. Competition in 3G Services: More Competitors. Revenue Sharing and Partnering: When You Cannot Do It Alone. Business Case of 3G for the Operator: Revenues, Cost and Profitability. Money Migration: Know the Streams. 4G: What Next? Postscript: Final Thoughts. m-Dictionary. Abbreviations. Bibliography. Websites. Services Index. Index.

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Book SynopsisCan you afford not to read this book?. The Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) offers a consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone users and numerous different radio access technologies will co-exist within the UMTS system's core network - security is, therefore, of the utmost importance.Trade Review"...perfectly described by its title...well structured...definitive and highly recommended..." (The IEE Communications Engineer, June/July 2004)Table of ContentsPreface xi PART I: SECURITY ARCHITECTURE FOR UMTS 1 1 Introduction to Security and to UMTS 3 1.1 Security in Telecommunications 3 1.1.1 General security principles 4 1.1.2 GSM security 7 1.2 The Background to 3G 11 1.3 The 3G Partnership Project (3GPP) 12 1.4 3GPP Network Architecture 14 1.4.1 Elements in the architecture 15 1.4.2 Protocols in the 3GPP system 18 1.5 WCDMA Radio Technology 20 1.5.1 CDMA: an example 22 1.5.2 Basic facts of WCDMA 23 1.5.3 Handovers 25 1.5.4 Power control 25 2 UMTS Security Features in Release 1999 29 2.1 Access Security to UMTS 29 2.1.1 Mutual authentication 30 2.1.2 Temporary identities 42 2.1.3 UTRAN encryption 44 2.1.4 Integrity protection of RRC signalling 54 2.1.5 Set-up of UTRAN security mechanisms 59 2.1.6 Summary of access security in the CS and PS domains 63 2.2 Interworking with GSM 63 2.2.1 Interworking scenarios 65 2.2.2 Cases with SIM 66 2.2.3 Cases with USIM 67 2.2.4 Handovers from one system to another 68 2.3 Additional Security Features in Release 1999 69 2.3.1 Ciphering indicator 69 2.3.2 Identification of the UE 69 2.3.3 Security for Location Services (LCs) 70 2.3.4 User-to-USIM authentication 70 2.3.5 Security in the USIM application toolkit 70 2.3.6 Mobile Execution Environment (MExE) 70 2.3.7 Lawful interception 71 3 Security Features in Releases 4 and 5 73 3.1 Network Domain Security 73 3.1.1 MAPsec 74 3.1.2 IPsec 81 3.1.3 IPsec-based mechanisms in UMTS 84 3.1.4 Role of firewalls 86 3.2 IMS Security 87 3.2.1 Basics of SIP 87 3.2.2 IMS architecture 90 3.2.3 Architecture for securing access to the IMS 91 3.2.4 Principles for IMS access security 93 3.2.5 Use of HTTP Digest AKA 95 3.2.6 Security mode set-up 100 3.2.7 Integrity protection with ESP 101 3.2.8 Error case handling 104 3.3 Other Security Systems 106 3.3.1 Higher layer security systems 106 3.3.2 Link layer security systems 108 PART II: CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS 111 4 Introduction to Cryptography 113 4.1 The Science of Cryptology 113 4.1.1 Cryptographic systems 113 4.1.2 Security and vulnerability 115 4.1.3 Developing cryptology into a publicly available science 116 4.1.4 Public cryptographic development efforts 118 4.2 Requirements and Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms 119 4.2.1 Block ciphers 120 4.2.2 Stream ciphers 125 4.2.3 Message authentication codes 127 5 3GPP Algorithm Specification Principles 131 6 Confidentiality and Integrity Algorithms 135 6.1 Requirements for the Confidentiality Algorithm 135 6.1.1 Functional requirements 135 6.1.2 Algorithm operation 136 6.1.3 Interfaces to the algorithm 137 6.2 Requirements for the Integrity Algorithm 139 6.2.1 Overview 139 6.2.2 Interface 140 6.3 Design Task Force 142 6.4 Getting Started 142 6.4.1 SAGE contribution to SA3 143 6.4.2 Modes around MISTY1 143 6.4.3 Particular security criteria 144 6.5 Design Process 144 6.5.1 The teams 145 6.5.2 Design documentation 145 6.5.3 Conclusion of evaluation 148 6.6 Confidentiality Algorithm 149 6.6.1 The f8 stream cipher mode 149 6.6.2 Description of f8 149 6.6.3 Security 151 6.7 Extension of the UMTS Confidentiality Algorithm 152 6.7.1 Background 152 6.7.2 List of variables 153 6.7.3 Core function KGCORE 154 6.7.4 A5/3 algorithm for GSM encryption 157 6.7.5 A5/3 algorithm for ECSD encryption 158 6.7.6 GEA3 algorithm for GPRS encryption 160 6.7.7 Specification of the 3GPP confidentiality algorithm f8 161 6.7.8 Summary of the confidentiality functions 162 6.8 Integrity Algorithm 163 6.8.1 The f9 MAC mode 163 6.8.2 Description 164 6.8.3 Security 165 6.9 Implementation 168 6.9.1 Length of data 168 6.10 IPR Issues and Exportability 169 6.10.1 IPR issues 169 6.10.2 Exportability 169 7 Kernel Algorithm KASUMI 171 7.1 Introduction 171 7.2 MISTY Block Cipher Algorithms 172 7.2.1 Design principles of MISTY1 172 7.2.2 Security of MISTY 176 7.3 Changes between MISTY1 and KASUMI 178 7.3.1 Changes to the data encryption part 178 7.3.2 Changes to the key-scheduling part 179 7.4 Description of KASUMI 179 7.4.1 General structure 179 7.4.2 KASUMI encryption function 181 7.4.3 Key schedule 187 7.5 Mathematical Analysis of KASUMI by the Task Force 188 7.5.1 Properties of components 188 7.5.2 Differential cryptanalysis 192 7.5.3 Truncated differentials 195 7.5.4 Linear cryptanalysis 196 7.5.5 Higher order differential attacks 196 7.6 Public Research on KASUMI 197 7.7 Implementation issues 198 7.7.1 Parallel operation 198 7.7.2 Implementation attacks 199 8 Authentication and Key Generation Algorithm 201 8.1 Design Task Force 201 8.2 Requirements 202 8.2.1 Authentication specification 202 8.2.2 Functional requirements for UMTS authentication 205 8.2.3 General requirements 209 8.2.4 Additional requirements from SA3 209 8.3 Design Process 210 8.3.1 Work plan 210 8.3.2 SAGE’s contribution to the UMTS security architecture 212 8.3.3 Cryptographic requirements 213 8.3.4 Operator-variant algorithm configuration field 214 8.3.5 Criteria for the cryptographic kernel 214 8.4 Description of the Modes 216 8.4.1 The algorithm framework 216 8.4.2 Notation 216 8.4.3 Specification of the modes 217 8.5 The MILENAGE Architecture 219 8.5.1 Use of OP 220 8.5.2 Rotation and offset constants 220 8.5.3 Protection against side-channel attacks 220 8.5.4 The number of kernel operations 220 8.5.5 Modes of operation 221 8.6 Kernel Algorithm 221 8.6.1 Block ciphers versus hash functions 221 8.6.2 The kernel of MILENAGE 223 8.7 Customization Options 224 8.7.1 Operator variant parameter 224 8.7.2 Kernel algorithm 225 8.7.3 Rotation and offset parameters 225 8.7.4 Length of RES 226 8.8 Conversion to and Compatibility with A3/A8 226 8.8.1 Conversion rules 227 8.8.2 GSM–MILENAGE 228 8.9 Security analysis of MILENAGE 230 8.9.1 Assumptions and security claims 230 8.9.2 Operational context 231 8.9.3 The soundness of the f2–f5* construction 232 8.9.4 Soundness of the f1–f1* construction and its cryptographic separation from the other modes 234 8.9.5 Investigation of forgery or distinguishing attacks with 264 queries 236 8.9.6 Conclusions 240 Notation of Parameters, Sets and Functions 243 Abbreviations 249 References 257 Index 267

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Book SynopsisFeatures SiGe products which include chip sets for wireless cellular handsets as well as WLAN and high-speed wired network applications. This book describes the physics and technology of SiGe HBTs, with coverage of Si and Ge bipolar transistors. It explains the operating principles and applications of bipolar transistor technology.Table of ContentsPreface. Physical Constants Properties of Silicon and Silicon-Germanium. List of Symbols. 1. Introduction. 2. Basic Bipolar Transistor Theory. 3. Heavy Doping Effects. 4. Second-Order Effects. 5. High-Frequency Performance. 6. Polysilicon Emitters. 7. Properties and Growth of Silicon-Germanium. 8. Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors. 9. Silicon Bipolar Technology. 10. Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Technology. 11. Compact Models of Bipolar Transistors. 12. Optimization of Silicon and Silicon-Germanium Bipolar Technologies. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisPhase lock loop frequency synthesis finds uses in a myriad of wireless applications - from local oscillators for receivers and transmitters to high performance RF test equipment. This title examines the various components that make up the phase lock loop design, including oscillators (crystal, voltage controlled), dividers and phase detectors.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Basic Equations of the PLLs. 2. PLLs of the First and Second Order. 3. PLLs of the Third and Higher Orders. 4. Stability of the PLL Systems. 5. Tracking. 6. Working Ranges of PLLs. 7. Acquisition of PLLs. 8. Basic Blocks of PLLs. 9. Noise and Time Jitter. 10. Digital PLLs (Sampled Systems). 11. PLLs in Frequency Synthesis. 12. PLLs and Digital Frequency Synthesizers. Appendix: List of Symbols. Index.

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Book SynopsisTheory and Applications of OFDM and CDMA: Wideband Wireless Communications helps the reader to develop a sound knowledge of wideband communications, such as OFDM, applied in digital audio broadcasting, and CDMA, the foundation of third generation mobile communications.Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Basics of Digital Communications. 1.1 Orthogonal Signals and Vectors. 1.2 Baseband and Passband Transmission. 1.3 The AWGN Channel. 1.4 Detection of Signals in Noise. 1.5 Linear Modulation Schemes. 1.6 Bibliographical Notes. 1.7 Problems. 2 Mobile Radio Channels. 2.1 Multipath Propagation. 2.2 Characterization of Fading Channels. 2.3 Channel Simulation. 2.4 Digital Transmission over Fading Channels. 2.5 Bibliographical Notes. 2.6 Problems. 3 Channel Coding. 3.1 General Principles. 3.2 Convolutional Codes. 3.3 Reed–Solomon Codes. 3.4 Bibliographical Notes. 3.5 Problems. 4 OFDM. 4.1 General Principles. 4.2 Implementation and Signal Processing Aspects for OFDM. 4.3 Synchronization and Channel Estimation Aspects for OFDM Systems. 4.4 Interleaving and Channel Diversity for OFDM Systems. 4.5 Modulation and Channel Coding for OFDM Systems. 4.6 OFDM System Examples. 4.7 Bibliographical Notes. 4.8 Problems. 5 CDMA. 5.1 General Principles of CDMA. 5.2 CDMA Transmission Channel Models. 5.3 Receiver Structures for Synchronous Transmission. 5.4 Receiver Structures for MC-CDMA and Asynchronous Wideband CDMA Transmission. 5.5 Examples for CDMA Systems. 5.6 Bibliographical Notes. 5.7 Problems. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisWireless LAN networking can enable small teams, communities to communicate via their mobile devices without cables. This work provides a comprehensive guide to the implementation, planning and monitoring of the various aspects of Wireless LAN security in small offices/small to medium business (SMBs).Trade Review"...an intelligent and thorough analysis, both using common sense and technical solutions..." (Information Security Bulletin, Dec 03) "...a publication that will be of a great use to wireless newcomers and intermediate readers..." (Help Net Security Review, 2004) "...very professional...structure is clear, logical and very well signposted...interesting, even if you're not a security expert..." (Communications Engineer, August/September 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Chapter 1. Introduction to Wireless LANs. Chapter 2. Frame Formats and Basic Security Operation. Chapter 3. Understanding Wireless Signals. Chapter 4. Understanding WEP. Chapter 5. Security Risks and Countermeasures. Chapter 6. Proprietary Security Enhancement Techniques. Chapter 7. Standards Based Security. Appendix A: Wireless LAN Security Checklist.

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Book SynopsisHarmonic distortion problems include equipment overheating, motor failures, capacitor failure and inaccurate power metering. The topic of power system harmonics was covered for the first time 20 years ago and the first edition has become a standard reference work in this area.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Subject Definition and Objectives. 2. Harmonic Analysis. 3. Harmonic Sources. 4. Effects of Harmonic Distortion. 5. Harmonic Monitoring. 6. Harmonic Elimination. 7. Computation of Harmonic Flows. 8. Advanced Harmonic Assessment. Index.

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Book SynopsisFlexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) is a generic term used to describe a vast new array of advanced power system controllers based upon the power electronics technology. FACTS controllers are set to be revolutionise power transmission systems resulting in transmission networks of increased efficiency and stability.Trade Review"I certainly recommend this book to all power system planning engineers and students who wish to follow careers in this area." (IEEE Canadian Review, Summer 2005)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Modelling of FACTS Controllers. Modelling of Conventional Power Plant. Conventional Power Flow. Power Flow including FACTS Controllers. Three-phase Power Flow. Optimal Power Flow. Power Flow Tracing. Appendix A: Jacobian Elements for FACTS Controllers in Positive Sequence Power Flow. Appendix B: Gradient and Hessian Elements for Optimal Power Flow Newton's Method. Appendix C: Matlab® Computer Program for Optimal Power Flow Solutions using Newton's Method. Index.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThe development of large scale integrated systems on a chip has had a dramatic effect on circuit design methodology. This book provides readers with the methodology by which simple equations for the estimation of transistor geometries and circuit behaviour can be deduced.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Physical Constants and Conversion Factors. Symbols. 1. Semiconductor Physics. 2. pn-Junction. 3. Bipolar Transistor. 4. MOS-Transistor. 5. Basics Digital CMOS Circuits. 6. Combinational and Sequential CMOS Circuits. 7. MOS Memories. 8. Basic Analog CMOS Circuits. 9. CMOS Amplifiers. 10. BICMOS. Index.

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Book SynopsisLearn how to design scalable, robust software for cutting-edge communications productsâ? Carrier-grade software must satisfy the stringent quality requirements of network operators whose systems provide mission-critical communications services. This book describes proven carrier-grade software techniques used in flagship products designed by industry leaders such as Lucent, Nortel, and Ericsson. In the age of 24/7, software robustness is a competitive advantage. This authoritative guide for software engineers, managers, and testers of products that face carrier-grade requirements helps you to develop state-of-the-art software that will give you an edge in todayâ??s marketplace. Robust Communications Software: Extreme Availability, Reliability and Scalability for Carrier-Grade Systems offers advice on choosing the right technologies for building reliable software incorporates real-world examples and design rationales whTable of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Overview. Object Orientation. Using Objects Effectively. Scheduling Threads. Distributing Work. Protecting Against Software Faults. Recovering from Software Faults. Messaging. Overload Controls. Failover. Software Installation. System Operability. Software Optionality. Debugging in the Field. Managing Capacity. Staging Carrier-Grade Software. Assessing Carrier-Grade Software. Glossary. References.

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Book SynopsisContaining material resulting from many years' teaching and research, this book provides a comprehensive account of the theory of speech.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Introduction. Part I: Current Work. 1. High-Level and Low-Level Synthesis. 2. Low-Level Synthesisers: Current Status. 3. Text-To-Speech. 4. Different Low-Level Synthesisers: What Can Be Expected? 5. Low-Level Synthesis Potential. Part II: A New Direction for Speech Synthesis. 6. A View of Naturalness. 7. Physical Parameters and Abstract Information Channels. 8. Variability and System Integrity. 9. Automatic Speech Recognition. Part III: High-Level Control. 10. The Need for High-Level Control. 11. The Input to High-Level Control. 12. Problems for Automatic Text Markup. Part IV: Areas for Improvement. 13. Filling Gaps. 14. Using Different Units. 15. Waveform Concatenation Systems: Naturalness and Large Databases. 16. Unit Selection Systems. Part V: Markup. 17. VoiceXML. 18. Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML). 19. SABLE. 20. The Need for Prosodic Markup. Part VI: Strengthening the High-Level Model. 21. Speech. 22. Basic Concepts. 23. Underlying Basic Disciplines: Expression Studies. 24. Labelling Expressive/Emotive Content. 25. The Proposed Model. 26. Types of Model. Part VII: Expanded Static and Dynamic Modelling. 27. The Underlying Linguistics System. 28. Planes for Synthesis. Part VIII: The Prosodic Framework, Coding and Intonation. 29. The Phonological Prosodic Framework. 30. Sample Code. 31. XML Coding. 32. Prosody: General. 33. Phonological and Phonetic Models of Intonation. Part IX: Approaches to Natural-Sounding Synthesis. 34. The General Approach. 35. The Expression Wrapper in XML. 36. Advantages of XML in Wrapping. 37. Considerations in Characterising Expression/Emotion. 38. Summary. Part X: Concluding Overview. References. Author Index. Index.

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Book SynopsisModern, large-scale analog integrated circuits (ICs) are essentially composed of metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors and their interconnections. As technology scales down to deep sub-micron dimensions and supply voltage decreases to reduce power consumption, these complex analog circuits are even more dependent on the exact behavior of each transistor. High-performance analog circuit design requires a very detailed model of the transistor, describing accurately its static and dynamic behaviors, its noise and matching limitations and its temperature variations. The charge-based EKV (Enz-Krummenacher-Vittoz) MOS transistor model for IC design has been developed to provide a clear understanding of the device properties, without the use of complicated equations. All the static, dynamic, noise, non-quasi-static models are completely described in terms of the inversion charge at the source and at the drain taking advantage of the symmetry of the device. Thanks to its hierarchical strTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. List of Symbols. 1. Introduction. 1.1 The Importance of Device Modeling for IC Design. 1.2 A Short History of the EKV MOST Model. 1.3 The Book Structure. PART I: THE BASIC LONG-CHANNELINTRINSIC CHARGE-BASED MODEL. 2. Introduction. 2.1 The N-channel Transistor Structure. 2.2 Definition of charges, current, potential and electric fields. 2.3 Transistor symbol and P-channel transistor. 3. The Basic Charge Model. 3.1 Poisson’s Equation and Gradual Channel Approximation. 3.2 Surface potential as a Function of Gate Voltage. 3.3 Gate Capacitance. 3.4 Charge Sheet Approximation. 3.5 Density of Mobile Inverted Charge. 3.6 Charge-Potential Linearization. 4. Static Drain Current. 4.1 Drain Current Expression. 4.2 Forward and Reverse Current Components. 4.3 Modes of Operation. 4.4 Model of Drain Current Based on Charge Linearization. 4.5 Fundamental Property: Validity and Application. 4.6 Channel Length Modulation. 5. The Small-Signal Model. 5.1 The Static Small-Signal Model. 5.2 A General Non-Quasi-Static Small-Signal Model. 5.3 The Quasi-Static Dynamic Small-Signal Model. 6. The Noise Model. 6.1 Noise Calculation Methods. 6.2 Low-Frequency Channel Thermal Noise. 6.3 Flicker Noise. 6.4 Appendices. Appendix : The Nyquist and Bode Theorems. Appendix : General Noise Expression. 7. Temperature Effects and Matching. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Temperature Effects. PART II: THE EXTENDED CHARGE-BASED MODEL. 8. Non-Ideal Effects Related to the Vertical Dimension. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Mobility Reduction Due to the Vertical Field. 8.3 Non-Uniform Vertical Doping. 8.4 Polysilicon Depletion. 8.4.1 Definition of the Effect. 8.5 Band Gap Widening. 8.6 Gate Leakage Current. 9. Short-Channel Effects. 9.1 Velocity Saturation. 9.2 Channel Length Modulation. 9.3 Drain Induced Barrier Lowering. 9.4 Short-Channel Thermal Noise Model. 10. The Extrinsic Model. 10.1 Extrinsic Part of the Device. 10.2 Access Resistances. 10.3 Overlap Regions. 10.4 Source and Drain Junctions. 10.5 Extrinsic Noise Sources. PART III: THE HIGH-FREQUENCY MODEL. 11. Equivalent Circuit at RF. 11.1 RF MOS Transistor Structure and Layout. 11.2 What Changes at RF?. 11.3 Transistor Figures of Merit. 11.4 Equivalent Circuit at RF. 12. The Small-Signal Model at RF. 12.1 The Equivalent Small-Signal Circuit at RF. 12.2 Y-Parameters Analysis. 12.3 The Large-Signal Model at RF. 13. The Noise Model at RF. 13.1 The HF Noise Parameters. 13.2 The High-Frequency Thermal Noise Model. 13.3 HF Noise Parameters of a Common-Source Amplifier. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisContent and Content Management are core topics in the IT and broadcast industry. However, these terms have not been clearly defined for those learning the field. This book helps to clarify the subject area, define problematic issues and establish a universal understanding of content and its management.Trade Review"For anyone working in this industry, the book is worth having as a long-term reference." (Computing Reviews.com, September 15, 2005) "…the most complete work in this area…I recommend this book to students, engineers, and managers involved or interested in the handling and management of multimedia content." (Computing Reviews.com, September 16, 2005)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 2. Content-Related Workflows. 3. Essence. 4. Content Representation and Metadata. 5. File Formats. 6. Content Management. 7. Content Management System Infrastructure. 8. System and Data Integration in CMS. 9. Applications. 10. Future Trends. References. Acronyms. Index.

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Book SynopsisFocuses on the basic working principles of distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes and optical filters and details the development of a technique for enhanced system performance. This book considers the optical waveguiding characteristics and properties of semiconductor materials and the physics of DFB semiconductor lasers.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Glossary of Abbreviations. Glossary of Symbols. 1. An Introduction to Optical Communication Systems. 2. Principles of Distributed Feedback Semiconductor Laser Diodes: Coupled Wave Theory. 3. Structural Impacts on the Solutions of Coupled Wave Equations: An Overview. 4. Transfer Matrix Modelling in DFB Semiconductor Lasers. 5. Threshold Analysis and Optimization of Various DFB LDs Using the Transfer Matrix Method. 6. Above-Threshold Characteristics of DFB Laser Diodes: A TMM Approach. 7. Above-Threshold Analysis of Various DFB Lase r Structures Using the TMM. 8. Circuit and Transmission-Line Laser Modelling (TLLM) Techniques. 9. Analysis of DFB Laser Diode Characteristics Based on the Transmission-Line Modelling (TLLM). 10. Wavelength Tunable Optical Filters Based on DFB Laser Structures. 11. Other Wavelenght Tunable Optical Filters Based on the DFB Laser Structure. 12. Conclusion, Summary and Suggestions. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe futures of data, telecom and infocom industries in general are of great societal importance. The third generation wireless systems (3G) are on the verge of introduction and the industry as a whole is facing serious problems. This work takes a look at the scenario for this technology in 2015.Trade Review"The book provides good food for thought and should prove inspiring for anyone in the industry…"(IEE Communications Engineer, February 2004)Table of ContentsPreface xiii 1 Introduction 1 The Wireless Industry at a Crossroads 1 Be Prepared for 2015 4 Scenarios of the Wireless World in 2015 4 Challenges for the Future 6 Creating Scenarios 6 Guide to the Book 7 Part I Scenarios 9 2 Wireless Explosion—Creative Destruction 11 A Sunny Berlin Day in 2015 14 The Wireless Scene in 2015 16 Rapidly Growing Industry 16 Industry Fragmentation—Market Leaders Losing Hegemony 17 Debt-Burdened Operators Losing Market Dominance 18 Telco Equipment Vendors Lose to Datacom Attackers 19 Terminal Vendors Attacked from NICs and Datacom Industry Vendors 20 Active Users Driving Development and Undermining Copyright 21 A Mobile Lifestyle with Increasing Travel 22 An Explosion of Services and Applications 22 Spectrum—Abundant Release for Unlicensed Bands 24 No Real Problems with Integrity, Privacy, and Security 24 Fast Development in China and Other NICs 25 Batteries and Complexity Management No Showstoppers 25 Wireless Technology in 2015 26 A World with Many Different Wireless Systems 26 An Abundance of Services with Various QoS 28 Standardization Has Increased 28 3 Slow Motion 29 Ordinary Life in Stockholm and Business Life in Shanghai 32 A Day in the Life of an Ordinary Swede 32 A Business Day of a Mobile Professional in 2015 33 The Wireless Scene in 2015 35 Economic Recession and 3G Fiasco 35 Health Problems from Radiation 36 Security a Problem Still Waiting to Be Solved 37 The Mobile Lifestyle Loses Ground 38 No Service Explosion 39 Wireless Telecommunication Is a Mature Industry 40 The Big NICs Catching up after a Slow Start 42 Spectrum Shortage Not a Big Problem 43 Power Consumption and Complexity Management as Technical Limitations 44 Wireless Technology in 2015 45 Still Mostly Second-Generation Wireless Networks 45 Simple and Low-Radiating Terminals 46 Few and Basic Services 47 4 Rediscovering Harmony 49 A Weekday Morning in a Small Scandinavian Village 52 The Wireless Scene in 2015 54 A Sustainable Society in Balance with Itself 54 The Backlash for Marketing and Commercial Media 56 Market Segments Driving the Development 57 Less but More Travel 59 A Few Clouds in the Sky 60 The Industry Dilemma: Refocus or Die! 60 Peer-to-Peer Applications and Services a Hit 62 Content IPR Still Unresolved 64 Wireless Technology in 2015 64 Many Local and Few Global Wireless Systems 64 Simple Services 65 Standards 65 5 Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 67 Early April Morning, Green Haven Gated Community, New York, US 70 The Wireless Scene in 2015 73 Moguls and Governments 73 Security Problems of the 2000s Solved 74 Moguls in Control 76 Slow Development in the NICs 77 Incumbent Telecom Players Keep Control of the Market 77 3G According to Plan 80 Applications and Services Focus on Convenience for the User 80 No Free Airwaves 81 Somewhat of a Complex World 81 Wireless Technology in 2015 82 Few Different Systems 82 Global Networks 82 Wireless and Wired Terminals 83 Quality of Service 83 Few Services but Sophisticated and Popular Services 83 Part II Drivers of Development and Technological Implications 85 6 Trends and Fundamental Drivers 87 Fourteen Trends Shaping the Scenarios 88 Scenario Abbreviations 88 Trend 1: Development Will Be More User Driven 88 Trend 2: User Mobility Will Increase 89 Trend 3: The Service and Application Market Will Grow 90 Trend 4: User Security, Integrity, and Privacy Will Become More Important 91 Trend 5: Real or Perceived Health Problems Due to Radiation Will Become More Important 92 Trend 6: Environmental Issues Will Become More Important 93 Trend 7: Spectrum Will Become an Increasingly Scarce Resource 94 Trend 8: The Wireless Industry Will Grow 95 Trend 9: The Big NICs Will Continue Their Positive Development 96 Trend 10: Market Concentration in the Wireless Industry Will Change 96 Trend 11: The Fight for Market Dominance in the Wireless Industry Will Intensify 97 Trend 12: Short Terminal Usage Time and Complexity Management Will Become Increasingly Important Problems 98 Trend 13: 3G Will Be Implemented 99 Trend 14: Protecting IPR on Content Will Become Increasingly Difficult 100 Fundamental Drivers 101 Technology Drivers 101 Socioeconomic and Political Drivers 104 Business and Industry Drivers 105 Users, Values, and Attitude Drivers 107 Theories Supporting Fundamental Drivers 108 Exponential Growth 108 Microprocessor and Other Growth Paths 109 Exponentially Falling Prices and the Experience Curve 110 Network Effects I (Metcalfe’s Law) 110 Network Effects II (Reed’s Law) 110 The S-curve and the Product Life Cycle 111 Technology and Market Forces Driving Industry Life Cycles 111 Disruptive Innovations 112 Architectural Shifts in IT and Other Industries 113 Empirical Support for Postmaterialistic Value Shift 114 7 Technological Conclusions from Scenarios 117 System Technology in 2015 118 The Wireless Infrastructure Will Be Heterogeneous 118 Efficient and Very High Rate Air Interfaces Will Exist 118 Traffic Will Be IP Based and Networks Will Be Transparent 119 Much of the Access Infrastructure Will Be Ad Hoc Deployed 119 Cost per Transmitted Bit Will Be Very Small 119 No Harmful Radiation from Base Stations 120 Decreased Power Consumption in the Wireless Systems 120 Mobile Terminals in 2015 120 Terminals Will Have a Wide Range of Shapes and Capabilities 120 Wireless Terminals Will Be Cheap, Very Small, and Modularized 121 Usage Time without Charging Batteries Will Be Very Long 121 User Interfaces Will Be Highly Developed and Advanced 121 M2M Will Be Everywhere 122 Wireless Devices Will Be Harmless to People and the Environment 122 Mobile Services in 2015 122 Wireless Services Will Become a Commodity 123 Services Will Be Independent of Infrastructure and Terminals 123 Telepresence and Emotional Communication Will Be Available 123 Content Will Be Personalized According to User Demand and Location 124 Global Roaming and Seamless Services Will Be Possible 124 Broadband Services Will Be Available for All Transportation Systems 124 The End User Will Be Always Best Connected 124 Powerful Computers Will Be Everywhere 125 Very High Levels of Security Will Be Provided 125 Part III Challenges for the Future 127 8 Challenges for Technical Research 129 Low-Cost Infrastructure and Services 129 Seamless Mobility 132 New and Advanced Services 134 Usability and Human–Machine Interface 135 Health and Environment 136 A Need for Cross-Disciplinary Research 137 9 Challenges for the Wireless Industry 139 Introduction 139 The Challenges 139 Threat from Disruptive Market Change 139 Speed up the Process of Spectrum Release 140 3G and the Telco Debt Threat 141 Complexity Management 141 Radiation a Problem, Real or Perceived 142 Better Batteries in Wireless Devices 142 Usability and the User in Focus 142 Cheaper Infrastructure and Viable Business Models 143 A Phone for Everyone 143 All Industries Mature 143 10 Challenges for Key Regions 145 US 146 An Immature Market for Mobile Services Waiting to Catch Up 146 Fragmented Operator Industry Being Consolidated 147 Multiple Cellular Network Standards 148 WLAN: A Market Growing Rapidly 148 Rather Weak Telco Vendor Industry 149 Poor Coverage 150 Lack of Spectrum Leading to Limited Capacity 150 The Threat of Terrorism and Crime 151 Europe 152 The GSM World Leader 152 Problems with Seamless Mobile Access 153 Telecom Debt Crisis 153 Strong in Telecom, Weak in Datacom 154 Health and the Environment Taken Seriously 154 Stagnation and Overregulated Economies 154 China 155 An Opaque and Overregulated Economy 156 Political Instability 156 Risks of Complacency 156 Challenges for the Chinese Wireless Industry 157 Risks and Opportunities with Chinese 3G Standard Wars 158 Japan and South Korea 158 Leading the Way into the Wireless Future 159 Oligopoly in the Operator Industry 160 Multiple Standards for 2.5G and 3G 160 A Slow Start for 3G 161 A Saturated Voice Market 161 3G Terminals Expensive to Subsidize 162 4G Already 162 No Major Infrastructure Vendors from Japan and Korea 162 The Japanese Recession 163 Political Uncertainty on the Korean Peninsula 163 Part IV Moving into the Future with Scenarios 165 11 Scenario Thinking and Scenario Making 167 Logics of Scenario Creation 167 Our Approach: Trends 168 Driving Forces: What Do We Care About? 169 Fundamental Drivers: What Do We Know? 169 Critical Uncertainties: What Do We Not Know? 170 Making Our Scenarios 170 Creating the Scenarios and Key Research Issues 171 Weak Signals and Provocative Questions 172 Information and Feedback 173 Commissioned Studies 174 Other Studies about the Future 174 The PCC Research Program 174 The WWRF Book of Visions 175 Swedish Technology Foresight 176 Beyond Mobile 177 Other Scenarios 177 12 Summary and Concluding Remarks 179 The Book in Brief 179 Wireless Explosion—Creative Destruction 180 Slow Motion 182 Rediscovering Harmony 184 Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments 187 Trends and Fundamental Drivers 189 Technological Conclusions from the Scenarios 191 Challenges for Research, Industry, and Key Regions 192 Moving into the Future 199 Dear Reader in 2015 201 Appendixes 203 Appendix A User Segments 205 Moklofs 205 Yupplots 206 Elders 207 Mobile Professionals 207 Industrial Users 208 Appendix B Wireless Foresight at Wireless@KTH 209 The Wireless Foresight Project 209 Wireless@KTH and the Vision-Driven Research Approach 210 Glossary 211 References 215 Author Biographies 219 Index 221

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Book SynopsisCovers the foundations for understanding Ultra-Wideband Radio (UWB) technology, and how governing bodies can influence the development of a technology and the standards involved.Trade Review"this book is designed to give a basic overview of the subject of ultra-wideband technology." (Microwave Journal, December 2004) "…offers a wealth of information…" (Microwaves & RF.com, October 22, 2004)Table of ContentsDedication ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xvii 1 History 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Basics of Radio 1 1.2 The History of Radio 6 1.3 About the Technology of the Time 14 1.4 Wireless Becomes Radio: The Era of Broadcasting and Regulations 14 1.5 Advantages in Wider Bandwidths 15 1.6 Radio Takes Another Wider-band Step 16 1.7 Still Wider has More Advantages 17 1.8 Summary 18 References 19 Further Reading 20 2 The Regulatory Climate 21 Introduction 21 2.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum: “Separation by Wavelength” 21 2.2 Radio Regulations 24 2.3 Adoption of UWB in the United States 27 2.4 Summary of First Report and Order 29 2.5 Regulations in Asia: The UFZ in Singapore 32 2.6 Regulation Activities in the European Union (EU) 34 2.7 Summary 35 References 37 3 UWB in Standards 39 Introduction 39 3.1 High Data Rate UWB Standards Activities in IEEE 40 3.1.1 An OFDM Approach to UWB 44 3.1.2 A DS-UWB Approach to UWB 45 3.1.3 A TD/FDMA Approach to UWB 48 3.2 Positioning and Location in UWB Standards 50 3.3 European Standards Efforts 50 3.4 Summary 52 References 52 4 Generating and Transmitting UWB Signals 55 Introduction 55 4.1 UWB Signal Definitions 58 4.2 Approaches to Generating UWB Signals 59 4.2.1 UWB Signal Design 60 4.2.2 Precision Signal Design 62 4.2.3 Calculating Power for Repetitively Sent Pulses 65 4.3 Signal Pulse Design Examples 68 4.3.1 Pulse Design Constraints 68 4.3.2 Choosing a Pulse Shape 69 4.4 UWB System Band Plans 72 4.5 Overlaying Precision Pulses 75 4.6 Signal Modulation 77 4.6.1 PPM Modulation 79 4.6.2 M-ary Bi-Orthogonal Keying Modulation 80 4.6.3 Pulse Polarity, BPSK, and QPSK Modulation 81 4.6.4 Pulse Amplitude Modulation 82 4.6.5 Transmitted Reference Modulation 83 4.7 Summary 86 References 86 5 Radiation of UWB Signals 89 Introduction 89 5.1 Short Pulse Radiation Process 90 5.1.1 The Far-field of an Arbitrary Antenna 92 5.1.2 The Far-field of an Ideal Infinitesimal Radiator 96 5.2 The Receiving Antenna 96 5.2.1 The Arbitrarily Shaped Receiving Antenna 97 5.2.2 The Infinitesimal Receiving Antenna 99 5.2.3 Transmission in Free Space Between Constant Gain Antennas 100 5.2.4 Transmission with a Constant Aperture Receiving Antenna 101 5.3 Transmitted, Radiated, and Received Signals 102 5.3.1 Simulations Using Wideband Signals 102 5.3.2 UWB at Moderate Bandwidths 106 5.4 Some Antenna Effects in UWB 107 5.4.1 The TE10 Mode Horn Antenna 108 5.4.2 The Dipole-fed Parabolic Reflector Antenna 109 5.4.3 Wideband Antenna Considerations 111 5.5 Summary 111 References 112 6 Propagation of UWB Signals 115 Introduction 115 6.1 Signal Propagation in Free Space 116 6.2 Propagation with a Ground Reflection 117 6.2.1 UWB and Time-harmonic Signals with a Ground Reflection 119 6.2.2 Design Example of a 2-GHz UWB Wide Signal 121 6.2.3 EIRP of the 2-GHz Bandwidth Pulse 124 6.2.4 Propagation of a 2-GHz-Wide UWB Signal Near the Ground 125 6.3 Propagation of UWB Impulses in Multipath 128 6.3.1 An Impulse Propagating through a Building 129 6.3.2 Multipath and Delay Spread 132 6.3.3 UWB Signals Propagating in Multipath 134 6.3.4 Relation to Maximum Rake Gain 139 6.3.5 The SBY Median Multipath Propagation Model 139 6.3.6 Shadowing Variation and Statistical Link Design 140 6.3.7 Propagation Models and Parameters 141 6.4 Summary 142 References 143 7 Receiving UWB Signals 147 Introduction 147 7.1 Reception of UWB Signals 148 7.2 Noise and Interference 149 7.3 Receiver-detector Efficiency 150 7.4 Efficiency of Simple Templates 154 7.5 The Self-correlating Receiver 156 7.6 Summary 156 References 157 8 UWB System Limits and Capacity 159 Introduction 159 8.1 Limits in Communications 160 8.1.1 Noise 160 8.1.2 Shannon’s Capacity Formula 161 8.1.3 Communication Efficiency of Various Modulations 163 8.1.4 Regulatory Limits 165 8.1.5 Antenna Apertures and Propagation 166 8.2 The UWB Fundamental Limit 168 8.2.1 Fundamental Limit for UWB 168 8.2.2 Fundamental Limit for Conventional Systems 172 8.3 UWB Wireless Links 173 8.3.1 UWB Link Budgets 173 8.3.2 Receiver Sensitivity and System Gain 175 8.3.3 Advantage of UWB in Non-AWGN Channels 176 8.4 Link Capacity 178 8.4.1 A UWB Link in Multipath 179 8.4.2 A Capacity Model for UWB 180 8.4.3 Capacity Model for IEEE 802.11a 182 8.4.4 Capacity Model for IEEE 802.11b 183 8.4.5 Comparing UWB with the 802s 184 8.5 Summary 185 References 186 9 Applications and Future Directions 189 Introduction 189 9.1 A Time Line of Wireless 190 9.2 UWB Applications 192 9.2.1 Communications and Sensors 193 9.2.2 Position Location and Tracking 197 9.2.3 Radar 199 9.3 UWB Over Wires 199 9.4 Summary 200 References 201 Appendix A Excerpts from the FCC First Report and Order 203 I. Introduction 203 II. Executive Summary 204 FCC 02–48 Appendix D – Changes to the Regulations 207 Subpart F – Ultra-Wideband Operation 209 Appendix B Summary of Multipath Model for IEEE P802.15.3a 225 Channel Characteristics Desired to Model 227 References 230 Appendix C Free-space Transmission of Pulses 231 Pulse Equations and Pulse Energy 231 Energy Density and Antenna Pattern 233 The Friis Transmission Formula with Constant-gain Antennas 234 Constant-aperture Receive Antenna 234 References 236 Appendix D Glossary 237 Definitions and Constants 237 Index 241

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Book SynopsisThis volume is based on a new idea of gathering state of the art topics in Geometric Modeling together with techniques, applications, systems and tools.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Polygonal Subdivision Curves for Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling (Ahmad H. Nasri). 2. Planar Development of Digital Free-Form Surfaces (Phillip N. Azariadis and Nickolas S. Sapidis). 3. A Shape Preserving Representation for Rational Curves with Efficient Evaluation Algorithm (Jorge Delgado and Juan M. Peña). 4. Piecewise Power Basis Conversion of Dynamic B-spline Curves and Surfaces (Deok-Soo Kim and Joonghyun Ryu). 5. Computational Methods for Geometric Processing of Surfaces: Blending, Offsetting, Intersection, Implicitization (Andres Iglesias). 6. Weighted Nu Splines: An Alternative to NURBS (Muhammad Sarfraz). 7. Generation of Parting Surfaces Using Subdivision Technique (C. L. Li). 8. Triadic Subdivision of Non Uniform Powell-Sabin splines (Evelyne Vanraes, Paul Dierckx, and AdhemarBultheel). 9. Surface Interpolation Scheme By Distance Blending Over Convex Sets (Lizhuang Ma, Qiang Wang, and TonyChan K Y). 10. Family of G2 Spiral Transition Between Two Circles (Zulfiqar Habib and Manabu Sakai). 11. Optimal Hierarchical Adaptive Mesh Construction Using FCO Sampling (Panagiotis A. Dafas, Ioannis Kompatsiarisand Michael G. Strintzis). 12. Virtual Sculpting and Deformable Volume Modeling (K. C. Hui). 13. Free Form Modeling Method Based on Silhouette and Boundary Lines (Jun Kamiya and Hideki Aoyama). 14. Intuitive and Precise Solid Modeling in A Virtual Reality Environment (Yongmin Zhong, Wolfgang Müller-Wittig and Weiyin Ma). 15. Efficient Simplification of Triangular Meshes (Muhammad Hussain, Yoshihiro Okada, andKoichi Niijima). 16. Multiresolution and Diffusion Methods Applied to Surface Reconstruction Based on T-Surfaces Framework (Gilson A. Giraldi, Rodrigo L. S. Silva, WalterH. Jiménez, Edilberto Strauss, and Antonio A. F. Oliveira). 17. A Multiresolution Framework for NUBS (Muhammad Sarfraz and Mohammed Ali Siddiqui). 18. Irregular Topology Spline Surfaces and Texture Mapping (Jin J. Zheng and Jian J. Zhang). 19. Segmentation of Scanned Surfaces: Improved Extraction of Planes (R. Sacchi, J.F. Poliakoff, P.D. Thomas, and K.-H. Häfele). 20. Constraint-Based Visualization of Spatiotemporal Databases (Peter Revesz and Lixin Li). 21. Surface Oriented Triangulation of Unorganized 3D Points Based On Laszlo’s Algorithm (Thomas Schadlich, Guido Brunnett and Mark Vanco). 22. Modifying the Shape of Cubic B-spline and NURBS Curves by Means of Knots (Imre Juhász and Miklós Hoffmann). Index of Authors.

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Book SynopsisAddresses the application of both IP and ATM technologies to a cellular environment, including IP telephony protocols, the use of ATM/AAL2 and the AAL2 signalling protocol for voice/multimedia and data transport. This book explains the operation and integration of GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, CDMA2000, IP, and ATM.Trade Review"…this is an excellent volume, a must-have for systems architects…also to be commended for its cohesive and comprehensive assembly of many complex standards." (Computing Reviews.com, October 4, 2005) "This both is very detailed, yet readable. It would be an excellent read for both students and telecommunications professionals…" (Computing Reviews.com, June 8, 2005) "…well-structured…it provides detailed, and carefully selected and prepared, material." (Computing Reviews.com, October 21, 2004) "...very detailed yet readable...an excellent read for both students and professionals..." (The IEE Communications Engineer, June/July 2004)Table of ContentsAbout the Authors. 1. Introduction. 2. Principles of Communications . 3. GSM Fundamentals. 4. General Packet Radio System. 5. IP Applications for GPRS/UMTS. 6. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. 7. UMTS Transmission Networks. 8. IP Telephony for UMTS Release 4. 9. Release 5 and Beyond (All-IP). Glossary of Terms. Index.

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Book SynopsisHere is the first book to include a step--by--step process of how to design intelligent agents. Providing a full life--cycle methodology for developing intelligent agent systems, Developing Autonomous Agent Systems present a thoroughly developed and tested methodology to developing intelligent agent technologies.Table of ContentsForeword from the Series Editor. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. 2. Concepts for Building Agents. 3. Overview of the Prometheus Methodology. 4. System Specification. 5. Architectural Design: Specifying the Agent Types. 6. Architectural Design: Specifying the Interactions. 7. Finalizing the Architectural Design. 8. Detailed Design: Agents, Capabilities and Processes. 9. Detailed Design: Capabilities, Plans and Events. 10. Implementing Agent Systems. Appendix A: Electronic Bookstore. Appendix B: Descriptor Forms. Appendix C:The AUML Notaton. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisWCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), an ITU standard derived from code division multiple access (CDMA) is officially known as IMT-2000 direct spread. WCDMA is a third generation mobile wireless technology offering much higher data speeds to mobile and portable wireless devices than commonly offered in today's market. WCDMA is a relatively new technology and there is little information in the public domain about specific design issues. The proposed book will discuss UMTS/WCDMA from the perspective of a potential development engineer, who may have experience of GSM but none of WCDMA technology. The book will outline the design specifications and potential problems and solutions faced by by an engineer designing a mobile device such as a handset. WCDMA: Requirements and Practical Design: Offers in-depth coverage of the critical issues in designing a UMTS handset modem. Discusses the practical design elements ofa UMTS modem. AuTable of ContentsPreface xvii Acknowledgements xix Abbreviations xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Evolution and Revolution of Mobile Telephony 1 1.2 The Third Generation Partnership Project 9 1.3 3GPP Terminology 13 1.4 The Journey of a Bit 14 1.5 Structure of the Book 18 2 RF and Baseband Processing 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 UMTS Radio Requirements 20 2.3 Receiver RF Design 25 2.4 Receiver Baseband Design 36 2.5 Transmitter Baseband Design 48 2.6 Transmitter RF Design 52 2.7 Future Trends 64 3 Physical Layer Chip Rate Processing 67 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 Spreading and Scrambling 70 3.3 Physical Channels 75 3.4 The Receiver 84 3.5 Cell Search 95 3.6 Power Control 98 3.7 Handover 101 3.8 Transmit Diversity in the Downlink 104 3.9 Physical Layer Procedures 1073.10 Measurements 109 3.11 Compressed Mode 112 4 Physical Layer Bit Rate Processing 123 4.1 Introduction 123 4.2 Transport Channels, Formats and Combinations 124 4.3 Overview of the Bit Rate Processing Chain 129 4.4 Rate Matching 142 4.5 Convolutional Encoding and Decoding 153 4.6 Turbo Encoding and Decoding 167 4.7 TFC Detection 188 4.8 Compressed Mode and the BRP 192 4.9 BRP Limitations for Different TrCHs and CCTrCHs 196 4.10 Conclusions 197 5 Type Approval Testing: A Case Study 199 5.1 Introduction 199 5.2 History: the Making of the 3GPP DPCH BLER Requirements 202 5.3 Lab Testing 202 5.4 Exemplary Measurement Results 218 6 Medium Access Control 221 6.1 Introduction 221 6.2 MAC Functional Partitioning 226 6.3 MAC Receive Functionality 230 6.4 MAC Transmit Functionality 234 7 Radio Link Control 239 7.1 Introduction 239 7.2 Transparent Data Transfer Service 243 7.3 Unacknowledged Data Transfer Service 245 7.4 Acknowledged Data Transfer Service 250 8 PDCP 261 8.1 Introduction 261 8.2 Overall Architecture 263 8.3 PDCP Interface 264 8.4 Header Compression 2688.5 SRNS Relocation 271 8.6 PDCP Header Formats 273 8.7 Handling an Invalid PDU Type and PID 276 9 Broadcast/Multicast Control 277 9.1 Introduction 277 9.2 CTCH Scheduling 279 10 RRC 285 10.1 Introduction 285 10.2 Cell Selection and Reselection 292 10.3 Reception of Broadcast System Information 294 10.4 Paging and Notification 298 10.5 Establishment, Maintenance and Release of an RRC Connection Between the UE and UTRAN 299 10.6 Establishment, Reconfiguration and Release of Radio Access Bearers 300 10.7 Assignment, Reconfiguration and Release of Radio Resources for the RRC Connection 301 10.8 RRC Connection Mobility Functions 302 10.9 Routeing of Higher Layer PDUs 303 10.10 Control of Requested QoS 304 10.11 UE Measurements 305 10.12 Power Control 319 10.13 Arbitration of Radio Resources on Uplink DCH 320 10.14 Integrity Protection 320 10.15 Ciphering Management 321 10.16 PDCP Control 322 10.17 CBS Control 323 11 Speech Coding for UMTS 327 11.1 Introduction – the Adaptive Multirate (AMR) Speech Codec 327 11.2 AMR Structure 328 11.3 Linear Prediction Analysis 330 11.4 LSF Quantization 330 11.5 Pitch Analysis 330 11.6 Fixed Codebook with Algebraic Structure 331 11.7 Post Processing 332 11.8 The AMR Codec’s bit Allocation 332 11.9 Speech Codec’s Error Sensitivity 334 11.10 Conclusions 334 12 Future Developments 335 12.1 Introduction 335 12.2 3GPP Release 5: HSDPA 336 12.3 Location-based Services 359 12.4 CPICH Interference Cancellation and Mitigation 365 12.5 Transmit Diversity for Multiple Antennas 36912.6 Improved Baseband Algorithms and Technology Trends 372A Appendix A: ML detection for uncoded QPSK 391 B Appendix B: SIR computation 395 References 399 Index 417

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Book SynopsisIn the last fifty years, extensive studies have been carried out worldwide in the field of adaptive array systems. However, far from being a mature technology with little research left to tackle, there is seemingly unlimited scope to develop the fundamental characteristics and applications of adaptive antennas for future 3G and 4G mobile communications systems, ultra wideband wireless and satellite and navigation systems, and this informative text shows you how! Provides an accessible resource on adaptive array fundamentals as well as coverage of adaptive algorithms and advanced topics Analyses the performance of various wideband beamforming techniques in wideband array processing Comprehensively covers implementation issues related to such elements as circular arrays, channel modelling and transmit beam forming, highlighting the challenges facing a designer during the development phase Supports practical implementation considerations with detailed Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xv List of Figures xvii List of Tables xxix Introduction xxxiii I.1 Adaptive Filtering xxxiii I.2 Historical Aspects xxxiv I.3 Concept of Spatial Signal Processing xxxv 1 Fundamentals of Array Signal Processing 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Key to Transmission 2 1.2.1 Maxwell’s Equations 2 1.2.2 Interpretation 3 1.2.3 Key to Antennas 3 1.3 Hertzian Dipole 5 1.4 Antenna Parameters & Terminology 7 1.4.1 Polarisation 7 1.4.2 Power Density 7 1.4.3 Radiated Power 8 1.4.4 Radiation Resistance 9 1.4.5 Antenna Impedance 9 1.4.6 Equivalent Circuit 10 1.4.7 Antenna Matching 10 1.4.8 Effective Length and Area 10 1.4.9 Radiation Intensity 11 1.4.10 Radiation Pattern 11 1.4.11 Bandwidth 12 1.4.12 Directive Gain, Directivity, Power Gain 12 1.4.13 Radiation Efficiency 14 1.5 Basic Antenna Elements 14 1.5.1 Finite-Length Dipole 15 1.5.2 Mono-pole 17 1.5.3 Printed Antennas 17 1.5.4 Wideband Elements 18 1.5.5 Dual Polarised Elements 20 1.5.6 Sonar Sensors 21 1.6 Antenna Arrays 21 1.6.1 Linear Array 22 1.6.2 Circular Array 23 1.6.3 Planar Array 23 1.6.4 Conformal Arrays 24 1.7 Spatial Filtering 25 1.8 Adaptive Antenna Arrays 27 1.9 Mutual Coupling & Correlation 27 1.10 Chapter Summary 28 1.11 Problems 29 2 Narrowband Array Systems 31 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Adaptive Antenna Terminology 32 2.3 Beam Steering 35 2.3.1 Phase Weights 35 2.3.2 Main Beam Steering 36 2.3.3 Null Steering 38 2.4 Grating Lobes 41 2.5 Amplitude Weights 44 2.5.1 Window Functions 44 2.6 Chapter Summary 53 2.7 Problems 53 3 Wideband Array Processing 55 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Basic concepts 56 3.3 A Simple Delay-line Wideband Array 59 3.3.1 Angles of Grating Lobes 61 3.3.2 Beam Width 63 3.4 Rectangular Arrays as Wideband Beamformers 65 3.4.1 Rectangular Array Antenna in Azimuth 66 3.4.2 Beamforming using IDFT 69 3.4.3 Beamforming using Matrix Inversion 73 3.4.4 Numerical Examples 75 3.4.5 Summary of Wideband Frequency Selective Rectangular Arrays 82 3.5 Wideband Beamforming using FIR Filters 84 3.5.1 Continuous Linear Wideband Array 84 3.5.2 Beamformer Implementation 85 3.5.3 Sensor Locations 88 3.5.4 Design of Primary Filters 90 3.5.5 Design of Secondary Filters 92 3.5.6 Numerical Examples 92 3.6 Chapter Summary 93 3.7 Problems 94 4 Adaptive Arrays 97 4.1 Introduction 97 4.2 Spatial Covariance Matrix 98 4.3 Multi-beam Arrays 100 4.4 Scanning Arrays 100 4.5 Switched Beam Beamformers 101 4.6 Fully Adaptive Beamformers 104 4.6.1 Temporal Reference Beamforming 106 4.6.2 Spatial Reference Beamforming 107 4.7 Adaptive Algorithms 108 4.7.1 Wiener Solution 109 4.7.2 Method of Steepest-Descent 111 4.7.3 Least-Mean-Squares Algorithm (LMS) 112 4.7.4 Direct Matrix Inversion (DMI) Algorithm 113 4.7.5 Recursive Least-Squares (RLS) Algorithm 115 4.8 Source Location Techniques 116 4.9 Fourier Method 117 4.10 Capon’s Minimum Variance 118 4.11 The MUSIC Algorithm 118 4.12 ESPRIT 121 4.12.1 Unitary ESPRIT 122 4.13 Maximum Likelihood Techniques 124 4.14 Spatial Smoothing 125 4.14.1 Comparison of Spatial Parameter Estimation Techniques 127 4.15 Determination of Number of Signal Sources 127 4.16 Blind Beamforming 129 4.16.1 Decoupled Iterative Least Squares Finite Alphabet Space-Time (DILFAST) Algorithm 130 4.16.2 Spectral Self-Coherence Restoral (SCORE) Algorithm 131 4.16.3 Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) 132 4.16.4 Least-Squares Despread Respread Multitarget Constant Modulus Algorithm (LS-DRMTCMA) 133 4.17 Chapter Summary 133 4.18 Problems 134 5 Practical Considerations 135 5.1 Introduction 135 5.2 Signal Processing Constraints 136 5.2.1 Phase Error 136 5.2.2 Element Position Error 137 5.2.3 Element Failure 137 5.2.4 Steering Vector Error 137 5.2.5 Ill-Conditioned Signal Processing Matrices 137 5.2.6 Weight Jitter 138 5.3 Implementation Issues 138 5.3.1 System Linearity 145 5.3.2 Calibration 146 5.3.3 Mutual Coupling 154 5.3.4 Circular Arrays 156 5.4 Radiowave Propagation 160 5.4.1 Narrowband Single Antenna Channel Model 161 5.4.2 Multiple Antenna Channel Model 162 5.4.3 Wideband Multiple Antenna Channel Model 163 5.4.4 Uplink-Downlink Channel Modelling for FDD Systems 168 5.5 Transmit Beamforming 170 5.5.1 Blind Techniques 172 5.5.2 Feedback Based Techniques 177 5.5.3 Switched Beam Techniques 178 5.5.4 Downlink Signal Distribution Schemes 179 5.6 Chapter Summary 181 5.7 Problems 181 6 Applications 183 6.1 Introduction 183 6.2 Antenna Arrays for Radar Applications 183 6.3 Antenna Arrays for Sonar Applications 184 6.4 Antenna Arrays for Biomedical Applications 186 6.4.1 Medical Ultrasonic Arrays 186 6.4.2 Space-Time Beamforming for Microwave Imaging 192 6.5 Antenna Arrays for Wireless Communications 193 6.5.1 Uplink Beamforming for Second-Generation Mobile Wireless Networks 196 6.5.2 Downlink Beamforming for Third-Generation Mobile Wireless Networks 207 6.5.3 User Location and Tracking 219 6.5.4 Beamforming for Satellite Communications 231 6.6 Chapter Summary 235 6.7 Problems 236 References 239 Index 251

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Book SynopsisA guide to middleware technologies, and their pivotal role in communications networks. It discusses the fields of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and grid middleware detailing middleware platforms such as JXTA and the Globus middleware toolkit. It also shows how Middleware plays a significant role in mobile computing.Trade Review"The book addresses telecommunications workers, developers, middleware researchers, software engineers, and software architects." (IT Professional, July/August 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. List of Contributors. Introduction. 1. Message-Oriented Middleware (E. Curry). 2. Adaptive and Reflective Middleware (E. Curry). 3. Transaction Middleware (S. Tai, et al.). 4. Peer-to-Peer Middleware (M. Junginger). 5. Grid Middleware (G. von Laszewski & K. Amin). 6. QoS-enabled Middleware (N. Wang, et al.). 7. Model Driven Middleware (A. Gokhale, et al.). 8. High Performance Middleware-Based Systems (S. Majumdar). 9. Concepts and Capabilities of Middleware Security (S. Demurjian, et al.). 10. Middleware for Scalable Data Dissemination (P. Chrysanthis, et al.). 11. Principles of Mobile Computing Middleware (C. Mascolo, et al.). 12. Application of Middleware Technologies to Mobile Enterprise Information Services (G. Wang, et al.). 13. Middleware for Location-based Services: Design and Implementation Issues (P. Langendörfer, et al.). 14. QoS-enabled Middleware for MPEG Video Streaming (K. Leung, et al.). 15. Middleware for Smart Cards (H. Vogt, et al.). 16. Application-Oriented Middleware for E-Commerce (J. Martínez, et al.). 17. Real-time CORBA Middleware (A. Krishna, et al.). 18. Middleware Support for Fault Tolerance (D. Szentiványi & S. Nadjm-Tehrani). Index.

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Book SynopsisBy 2008, some 2 billion people will be using mobile phones and devices, in many cases to access advanced data services. Against this backdrop, the need for efficient and effective network design will be critical to the success of increasingly complex mobile networks. Simon Beresford-Wylie (SVP, Nokia Networks) With the complexity of the cellular networks increasing day by day, a deeper understanding of the design and performance of end-to-end cellular networks is required. Moreover, all the types of networks from 2G-2.5G-3G seem to co-exist. Fundamentals of Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation covers end-to-end network planning and optimisation aspects from second generation GSM to third generation WCDMA networks including GPRS and EDGE networks. All the sub-systems of the network i.e. radio network, transmission network and core network have been covered with focus on both practical and theoretical issues. By bringing all these concepts undTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Overview of Mobile Networks. PART I: SECOND-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION (GSM). 2. Radio Network Planning and Optimisation. 3.Transmission Network Planning and Optimisation. 4.Core Network Planning and Optimisation. PART II: 2.5-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION (GPRS AND EDGE). 5. GPRS: Network Planning and Optimisation. 6. EDGE: Network Planning and Optimisation. PART III: THIRD-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION (WCDMA). 7. 3G Radio Network Planning and Optimisation. 8. 3G Transmission Network Planning and Optimisation. 9. 3G Core Network Planning and Optimisation. PART IV: FOURTH-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING (OFDM/ALL-IP/WLAN). 10. 4G Network Planning. A. Integrated Network Planning Tool: Nokia NetAct Planner by Ari Niininen . B. MMS Network Planning by Christophe Landemaine. C. Location-based Services by Johanna Kahkonen. D. End-to-End System performance Measurement by N.B. Kamat. E. Erlang B Tables by Nezha Larhissi. Essential Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisCombines the theory and the practice of applied digital control This book presents the theory and application of microcontroller based automatic control systems. Microcontrollers are single-chip computers which can be used to control real-time systems.Table of ContentsPREFACE. 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 The Idea Of System Control. 1.2 Computer In The Loop. 1.3 Centralized And Distributed Control Systems. 1.4 SCADA Systems. 1.5 Hardware Requirements For Computer Control. 1.6 Software Requirements For Computer Control. 1.7 Sensors Used In Computer Control. 1.8 Exercises. 2. SYSTEM MODELLING. 2.1 Mechanical Systems. 2.2 Electrical Systems. 2.3 Electromechanical Systems. 2.4 Fluid Systems. 2.5 Thermal Systems. 2.6 Exercises. 3. THE PIC MICROCONTROLLER. 3.1 The PIC Family. 3.2 Minimum PIC Configuration. 3.3 Some Popular PIC Microcontrollers. 3.4 Exercises. 4. PROGRAMMING PIC MICROCONTROLLERS. 4.1 PICC Lite Variable Types. 4.2 Variables. 4.3 Comments In Programs. 4.4 Storing Variables In The Program Memory. 4.5 Static Variables. 4.6 Volatile Variables. 4.7 Persistent Variables. 4.8 Absolute Address Variables. 4.9 Bank1 Qualifier. 4.10 Arrays. 4.11 ASCII Constants. 4.12 Arithmetic And Logic Operations. 4.13 Number Bases. 4.14 Structures. 4.15 Program Flow Control. 4.16 Functions In C. 4.17 Pointers In C. 4.18 Preprocessor Commands. 4.19 Accessing The EEPROM Memory. 4.20 Interrupts In C. 4.21 Delays In C Programs. 4.22 Structure Of A C Program. 4.23 PIC Microcontroller Input-Output Interface. 4.24 Exercises. 5. MICROCONTROLLER PROJECT DEVELOPMENT. 5.1 Hardware And Software Requirements. 5.2 Program Development Tool. 5.3 Exercises. 6. SAMPLED DATA SYSTEMS AND THE Z-TRANSFORM. 6.1 The Sampling Process. 6.2 Pulse Transfer Function And Manipulation Of Block Diagrams. 6.3 Exercises. 7. SYSTEM TIME RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS. 7.1 Time Response Comparison. 7.2 Time Domain Specifications. 7.3 Mapping The s-plane Into Z-plane. 7.4 Damping Ration And Undamped Natural Frequency In The Z-plane. 7.5 Damping Ratio And Undamped Natural Frequency Using Formulae. 7.6 Exercises. 8. SYSTEM STABILITY. 8.1 Factorizing The Characteristic Equation. 8.2 Jury’s Stability Test. 8.3 Routh-Hurwitz Criterion. 8.4 Root Locus. 8.5 Nyquist Criterion. 8.6 Bode Diagrams. 8.7 Exercises. 9. DISCRETE CONTROLLER DESIGN. 9.1 Digital Controllers. 9.2 PIC Control. 9.3 Exercises. 10. CONTROLLER REALIZATIONS. 10.1 Direct Structure. 10.2 Cascade Realization. 10.3 Parallel Realization. 10.4 PID Controller Realizations. 10.5 Microcontroller Implementations. 10.6 Choice Of Sampling Interval. 10.7 Exercises. 11. A CASE STUDY – LIQUID LEVEL DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM. 11.1 The System Schematic. 11.2 System Model. 11.3 Identification Of The System. 11.4 Designing A Controller. 11.5 Conclusions. APPENDIX A: TABLE OF Z-TRANSFORMS. APPENDIX B: MATLAB TUTORIAL. Index.

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Book SynopsisVSAT Networks: Second Edition covers all the important issues involved with the installation of VSAT systems.Since the first edition was published, the VSAT market has continued to expand steadily. VSAT technologies have advanced, prompting an increase in the take-up of VSAT services.Offering a comprehensive introduction to the topic followed by a detailed exploration of multiple access protocols, delay analysis and system dimensioning, this edition is a highly relevant update of VSAT Networks. Written by a well respected and established member of the satellite community, it will be welcomed be academics and engineers alike. Covers important issues of services, economics and regulatory aspects Provides a detailed technical insight on networking and radio frequency link aspects, therefore addressing the specific features of VSAT networks at the three lower layers of the OSI Reference Layer Model for data communications This timely secTable of ContentsPreface ix Acronyms and Abbreviations xiii Notation xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 VSAT network definition 1 1.2 VSAT network configurations 5 1.3 User terminal connectivity 9 1.4 VSAT network applications and types of traffic 11 1.4.1 Civilian VSAT networks 11 1.4.2 Military VSAT networks 15 1.5 VSAT networks: involved parties 15 1.6 VSAT network options 17 1.6.1 Star or mesh? 17 1.6.2 Data/voice/video 21 1.6.3 Fixed/demand assignment 22 1.6.4 Frequency bands 24 1.6.5 Hub options 29 1.7 VSAT network earth stations 30 1.7.1 VSAT station 30 1.7.2 Hub station 35 1.8 Economic aspects 39 1.9 Regulatory aspects 41 1.9.1 Licensing 42 1.9.2 Access to the space segment 43 1.9.3 Local regulations 43 1.10 Conclusions 44 1.10.1 Advantages 44 1.10.2 Drawbacks 45 2 Use of satellites for VSAT networks 47 2.1 Introduction 48 2.1.1 The relay function 48 2.1.2 Transparent and regenerative payload 50 2.1.3 Coverage 52 2.1.4 Impact of coverage on satellite relay performance 55 2.1.5 Frequency reuse 59 2.2 Orbits 60 2.2.1 Newton’s universal law of attraction 60 2.2.2 Orbital parameters 61 2.3 The geostationary satellite 65 2.3.1 Orbit parameters 65 2.3.2 Launching the satellite 65 2.3.3 Distance to the satellite 68 2.3.4 Propagation delay 69 2.3.5 Conjunction of the sun and the satellite 69 2.3.6 Orbit perturbations 70 2.3.7 Apparent satellite movement 72 2.3.8 Orbit corrections 76 2.3.9 Doppler effect 77 2.4 Satellites for VSAT services 77 3 Operational aspects 79 3.1 Installation 79 3.1.1 Hub 79 3.1.2 VSAT 79 3.1.3 Antenna pointing 81 3.2 The customer’s concerns 85 3.2.1 Interfaces to end equipment 86 3.2.2 Independence from vendor 86 3.2.3 Set-up time 86 3.2.4 Access to the service 87 3.2.5 Flexibility 87 3.2.6 Failure and disaster recovery 87 3.2.7 Blocking probability 89 3.2.8 Response time 90 3.2.9 Link quality 91 3.2.10 Availability 91 3.2.11 Maintenance 96 3.2.12 Hazards 97 3.2.13 Cost 97 4 Networking aspects 99 4.1 Network functions 99 4.2 Some definitions 100 4.2.1 Links and connections 100 4.2.2 Bit rate 101 4.2.3 Protocols 103 4.2.4 Delay 103 4.2.5 Throughput 104 4.2.6 Channel efficiency 104 4.2.7 Channel utilisation 104 4.3 Traffic characterisation 105 4.3.1 Traffic forecasts 105 4.3.2 Traffic measurements 105 4.3.3 Traffic source modelling 106 4.4 The OSI reference model for data communications 110 4.4.1 The physical layer 112 4.4.2 The data link layer 112 4.4.3 The network layer 114 4.4.4 The transport layer 115 4.4.5 The upper layers (5 to 7) 116 4.5 Application to VSAT networks 116 4.5.1 Physical and protocol configurations of a VSAT network 116 4.5.2 Protocol conversion (emulation) 116 4.5.3 Reasons for protocol conversion 118 4.6 Multiple access 127 4.6.1 Basic multiple access protocols 129 4.6.2 Meshed networks 131 4.6.3 Star-shaped networks 134 4.6.4 Fixed assignment versus demand assignment 141 4.6.5 Random time division multiple access 149 4.6.6 Delay analysis 155 4.6.7 Conclusion 161 4.7 Network design 163 4.7.1 Principles 163 4.7.2 Guidelines for preliminary dimensioning 164 4.7.3 Example 168 4.8 Conclusion 169 5 Radio frequency link analysis 171 5.1 Principles 172 5.1.1 Thermal noise 173 5.1.2 Interference noise 174 5.1.3 Intermodulation noise 174 5.1.4 Carrier power to noise power spectral density ratio 176 5.1.5 Total noise 176 5.2 Uplink analysis 179 5.2.1 Power flux density at satellite distance 180 5.2.2 Effective isotropic radiated power of the earth station 181 5.2.3 Uplink path loss 188 5.2.4 Figure of merit of satellite receiving equipment 194 5.3 Downlink analysis 195 5.3.1 Effective isotropic radiated power of the satellite 197 5.3.2 Power Flux density at earth surface 197 5.3.3 Downlink path loss 198 5.3.4 Figure of merit of earth station receiving equipment 198 5.4 Intermodulation analysis 205 5.5 Interference analysis 207 5.5.1 Expressions for carrier-to-interference ratio 207 5.5.2 Types of interference 208 5.5.3 Self-interference 209 5.5.4 External interference 219 5.5.5 Conclusion 225 5.6 Overall link performance 226 5.7 Bit error rate determination 229 5.8 Power versus bandwidth exchange 231 5.9 Example 231 Appendices 239 Appendix 1: Traffic source models 239 Appendix 2: Automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols 242 Appendix 3: Interface protocols 245 Appendix 4: Antenna parameters 250 Appendix 5: Emitted and received power 254 Appendix 6: Carrier amplification 257 Appendix 7: VSAT products 260 References 265 Index 267

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