Electronic devices and materials Books

Book SynopsisThis book deals with some emerging semiconductor devices and their applications in terms of electronic circuits. The basic concept plays a key role in development of any new electronic devices and circuits. The implementation of complex integrated circuits becomes easier with understanding of basic concepts of solid state devices and its circuit behavior. The book covers the latest trends in development of advanced electronic devices and applications for undergraduate, graduate and post graduate level courses. It combines the right blend of theory and practice to present a simplified and methodical way to develop researchers' understanding of the clarity between theoretical, practical and simulated results in the analysis of solid state devices, circuit characteristics and other important issues based on their applications. The book also covers the broad applications of electronic devices in biomedical and low power portable smart IOT systems. This book is well organized into 13 chapters. Chapters 1 to 4 cover design of low power FET devices compatible to technology scaling trends meeting required performance enhancement in terms of power, delay and speed. Chapter 5 and 6 are focused on analog application of CMOS technology. Chapter 7 describes power MOSFET design with advance materials for lowest possible on-resistance resulting into enhance performance. Chapter 8 deals with biomedical application of advance electronic devices introducing new materials and structure. Chapter 9 introduces a neuromorphic model and real-time simulation for the study of biological neuron model in the human body on circuit level. Chapter 10 and 11 presents the applications of sensors growing over a wide range of sensing targets along with advance sensing technology for human-computer interaction. Chapter 12 and 13 describe optoelectronic devices like photodetectors, optical sensors and solar cells etc.Table of ContentsPrefaceDesign of Advance Bulk and SOI Multi-Gate MOSFET StructuresLow Power Gate Engineered Pocket nDGTFET, pDGTEFTTunnel Field Effect Transistors as an Emerging Semiconductor TechnologyPower Analysis to Ensure Secure CMOS ArchitectureLow Power Analog Circuit Design with CMOS TechnologyCurrent Conveyor Based All Pass FilterDesign and Analysis of Trench Gate InGaAs LDMOSComprehensive Analysis of Biosensors and ApplicationNeuromorphic Electronic Circuit Implementation for Cortical NeuronsSensorsGesture Recognition Sensor Technology: Google SoliOptoelectronic Devices and Their ApplicationDevelopment of Solar CellIndex.

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Book SynopsisThis tenth volume comprises eleven chapters describing some of the frontal developments in research and applications of the high Tc superconductors.

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Book SynopsisVisualisation of Shubnikov Phase Using the High Resolution Faraday Effect; Mechanism of microwave Absorption and Flux Distribution in High Temperature Superconductors; Field Penetration and Magnetisation of Hts; Experimental Aspects of Megnetisation Studies in Superconductors; Recent Development of the Critical State Model; Anomalous Magnetisation in Ybacuo Single Crystals; Surface Barrier and Fish Tail; Low Field Magnetic Behaviour of High Temperature Superconductors; Irreversible Part of Magnetisation Due to Flux Pinning; Irreversibility Line in High Temperature Superconductors; Non-Linear Flux Flow Regime High-Temperature Superconductors.

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Book SynopsisStudies Of High Temperature Superconductors Volume 13 -- Advances In Research & Applications

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Book SynopsisStudies Of High Temperature Superconductors Volume 15

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Book SynopsisStudies Of High Temperature Superconductors Volume 17 -- Microwave Studies Of High Temperature Perconductors

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Book SynopsisStudies Of High Temperature Superconductors Volume 23 -- Hg-Based High Tc Superconductors Part I

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Book SynopsisStudies of High Temperature Superconductors, Volume 26 - Quaternary Borocarbides, Superconductors & Hg-Based High Tc Superconductors

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Book SynopsisStudies Of High Temperature Superconductors Volume 29 -- Advances In Research & Applications

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Book SynopsisThe focus of this volume is the microstructures and related aspects of HTS and thus it forms the sequel (or the Part-II) to the earlier Volume 28 of the book series, which also had the microstructures as its mainstay. The chapters comprising the present volume bring out a host of fresh insights into the growth morphology, defect structures and the structure property relationships in various HTS systems. Closely related to the problem of microstructures is the important issue of the damage mechanics involved in the sample processing, which also forms one of the chapters of this volume. Given its interdisciplinary premise that ''Studies of High Temperature Superconductors: is aimed at professional scientists and engineers, as well as graduate students of physics, chemistry, materials science, solid state electronics and engineering''.

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Book SynopsisMain headings: Flux Depinning and Current vs. Voltage Characteristics Near the Glass-Liquid Transition; Equilibrium Properties of the Mixed Phase of High-Tc Superconductors in the Presence of Pinning; Microstructure and Flux Pinning in Melt Processed (Nd,Eu,Gd)-Ba-Cu-O Superconductor; Influence of Irradiation-Induced Defects and Chemical Substitutions on the Flux Pinning in Hg-Based Single Crystals and Films; Magnetisation Discontinuities at Melting and Freezing Transitions in YBa2Cu3O7-8; Current-Induced Unbinding of Thermally Created Vortex-Antivortex Pairs in Zero Magnetic Field; Flux Creep-Flux Flow Crossover in the Presence of Disorder in High Temperature Superconductors.

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Book SynopsisThis book, describes exciting happenings taking place in the important field of organic superconductors. Also included are chapters on the topical area of striped phases in cuprate superconductors. There is also an interesting chapter on growth of single crystals of quaternary borocarbide superconductors.

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Book SynopsisThis 35th volume of the ''Studies'' is devoted to the technologically important BSCCO system. It focuses on a host of topics such as the synthesis and fabrication of conductors, superconducting BSCCO magnets, and the basic technological properties of the material in relation to the microstructure. The authors are distinguished in the field, working in different parts of the world, maintaining the international character of the series.

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Book SynopsisStudies of High Temperature Superconductors, Volume 36 - The BSCCO System -- II

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Book SynopsisStudies of High Temperature Superconductors, Volume 37 - Diverse Superconducting Systems & Some Miscellaneous Applications

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Book SynopsisStudies of High Temperature Superconductors, Volume 42 - Vortex Physics

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Book SynopsisThis book contains eight chapters. The first three focus on three different layered systems, namely, mercurocuprate, BSCCO and RE-123 and present exciting features like their unusual chemistry, vortex physics and novel characteristics of the multilayers formed with some of them. The remaining five chapters of the volume describe studies carried out on recently discovered magnesium diboride, which superconducts at 39K. New and interesting work has been presented which describes, noteworthy advances in their flux pinning and mechanical properties and also bring out their future potential as this films and SQUID devices.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses.

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Book SynopsisSince their development in the 1990s, it has been discovered that diluted nitrides have intriguing properties that are not only distinct from those of conventional semiconductor materials, but also are conducive to various applications in optoelectronics and photonics. The book examines these applications and presents a broad and in-depth look at the basic electronic and optical properties of diluted nitrides.The aim of Physics and Applications of Diluted Nitrides is to provide graduate students, researchers and engineers with a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge and future perspectives of diluted nitrides.Co-authored by a group of leading scientists in the field, this book brings the reader up to speed on the development and current state of diluted nitride applications, as well as the technologies to be developed in the near future.Table of ContentsPhysics and Applications of Dilute Nitrides

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Book SynopsisChip Design for Non-Designers: An Introduction provides a practical introduction to modern chip design methodologies. It is intended for manufacturing-oriented and other non-design professionals with an interest in the pre-tape-out design side. The book concentrates on functional, logic, circuit, and layout design using state-of-the-art methods and tools. More focus is given to the most popular design styles, including semi-custom design. Many practical and useful examples are included throughout.This book will provide readers with working knowledge of modern chip design methodologies. The examples, exercises, and bibliographical references included provide an excellent guide towards a direct use of the concepts learned. Readers will become truly fluent with how one designs modern chips for many varied applications.Table of ContentsIntroduction; The Chip Design Flow; Specifying a Chip; System-Level Design; RTL/Logic-Level Design; Circuit and Layout Design; Conclusions; Exercises; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, worldwide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such ''strongly correlated'' solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminum wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This volume brings together leading research in this growth field.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

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Book SynopsisHTS Thin Film & More On Vortex Studies - Advances in Research & Applications

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Book SynopsisThis book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of ''molecular electronics'' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir-Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metalisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of ''molecular electronics'' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir- Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metallisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This new volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This new volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of ''molecular electronics'' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir-Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metallisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of ''molecular electronics'' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir-Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metalisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package-related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of ''molecular electronics'' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir- Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metallisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

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Book SynopsisThis Golden Jubilee volume in the world''s foremost series on superconductivity covers wide-ranging topics capturing the current excitement in the field. The broad areas include the advancement of high Tc theory, materials depicting unusual characteristics, materials'' processing and defect structures for improved properties, their electromagnetic response, flux pinning, Josephson junctions and devices, and large scale applications.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

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Book SynopsisThe Josephson Junction is a type of electronic circuit capable of switching at very high speeds when operated at temperatures approaching absolute zero. It exploits the phenomenon of superconductivity, the ability of certain materials to conduct electric current with practically zero resistance. This book presents new and important research in superconductivity. This includes optical properties, magneto-optics and surface acoustic waves, microwave responses, theories of superconductivity, synthesis in electronic applications and high temperature superconductivity.

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Book SynopsisA Josephson Junction is a type of electronic circuit capable of switching at very high speeds when operated at temperatures approaching absolute zero. The Josephson Junction exploits the phenomenon of superconductivity, the ability of certain materials to conduct electric current with practically zero resistance. This book presents new and important research in superconductivity. This book presents leading research from around the world in this exciting field. This includes fabrication techniques, unconventional superconductors, Josephson tunnel junctions, Josephson vortex behaviour, thermomagnetic shock waves and finite temperature effects.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of ''molecular electronics'' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir- Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metallisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. This important book brings together leading research in this dynamic field.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of ''molecular electronics'' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir- Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metallisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. This book presents new and important research from around the world.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents state-of-the art research on superconductivity which is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic.

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Book SynopsisSuperconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at extremely low temperatures, characterized by exactly zero electrical resistance and the exclusion of the interior magnetic field (the Meissner effect). The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as the temperature is lowered. However, in ordinary conductors such as copper and silver, impurities and other defects impose a lower limit. Even near absolute zero a real sample of copper shows a non-zero resistance. The resistance of a superconductor, on the other hand, drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its "critical temperature", typically 20 kelvin or less. An electrical current flowing in a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It cannot be understood simply as the idealisation of "perfect conductivity" in classical physics. Superconductivity occurs in a wide variety of materials, including simple elements like tin and aluminium, various metallic alloys and some heavily-doped semiconductors. Superconductivity does not occur in noble metals like gold and silver, nor in most ferromagnetic metals. In 1986 the discovery of a family of cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials known as high-temperature superconductors, with critical temperatures in excess of 90 kelvin, spurred renewed interest and research in superconductivity for several reasons. As a topic of pure research, these materials represented a new phenomenon not explained by the current theory. And, because the superconducting state persists up to more manageable temperatures, more commercial applications are feasible, especially if materials with even higher critical temperatures could be discovered. This new book presents leading research from around the world in this dynamic field.

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