Electrical engineering Books
Taylor & Francis Inc Nonlinear Systems Tracking
Book SynopsisTracking is the goal of control of any object, plant, process, or vehicle. From vehicles and missiles to power plants, tracking is essential to guarantee high-quality behavior. Nonlinear Systems Tracking establishes the tracking theory, trackability theory, and tracking control synthesis for time-varying nonlinear plants and their control systems as parts of control theory. Treating general dynamical and control systems, including subclasses of input-output and state-space nonlinear systems, the book: Describes the crucial tracking control concepts that comprise effective tracking control algorithms Defines the main tracking and trackability properties involved, identifying properties both perfect and imperfect Details the corresponding conditions needed for the controlled plant to exhibit each property Discusses various algorithms for tracking control synthesis, attacking the tracking control synthesis problems themselvTrade Review"Numerous publications and books present various aspects of tracking, but I do not know of another book only devoted to tracking and its various aspects. ... I used to teach tracking in my courses of process control and stability analysis of complex nonlinear systems, and this book could be very interesting to improve my courses. ... This book gives a complete presentation of the various aspects of tracking of nonlinear and/or time varying systems, including the determination of the maximum error for ill-defined and/or perturbed systems."—Pierre Borne, École Centrale de Lille, France Table of ContentsPreface. Systems and Control Basis. Trackability. Perfect Tracking. Imperfect Tracking: Stable Tracking. Criteria for Stable Tracking. Finite Reachability Time Tracking. Required Tracking Quality and Control Synthesis. Conclusion. Appendices. Used Literature. Indexes.
£171.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Skyrmions
Book SynopsisThe book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field. Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword)A skyrmion is a tiny region of reversed magnetization quasiparticles since they are not present except in a magnetic state, and also give rise to physics that cannot be described by Maxwell's equations. These particles are fascinating subjects for theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, as a new type of magnetic domain structure with special topological structures, skyrmions feature outstanding magnetic and transport properties and may well have applications in data storage and other advanced spintronic devices, as readers will see in this book. Chapters address the relationships between physical propertiesTrade Review"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." — Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword)"this is the first book that covers the concepts and features of magnetic skyrmions in such a systematic and comprehensive manner…. This publication is suitable for readers who are interested in condensed-matter physics, especially magnetism and electronics, both at an undergraduate and postgraduate level. It also can provide good guidance to those starting research on magnetic skyrmions." — MRS Bulletin (Aug 2017)"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." — Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword)"this is the first book that covers the concepts and features of magnetic skyrmions in such a systematic and comprehensive manner…. This publication is suitable for readers who are interested in condensed-matter physics, especially magnetism and electronics, both at an undergraduate and postgraduate level. It also can provide good guidance to those starting research on magnetic skyrmions." — MRS Bulletin (Aug 2017)Table of ContentsTopological structure and properties. Breathing modes of confined skyrmions . Topology of magnetic domains. Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya interaction (DMI). From magnetic vortex to magnetic skyrmion. Skyrmion state in liquid crystal and cubic helimagnet films. Skyrmion spin texture using resonant soft x-ray scattering. Chiral Magnetic Domain Wall Structure in Epitaxial Multilayers. Experimental observations and materials. Formation and stability of skyrmions in low dimensional helimagnets. Creation and Dynamics of Individual Skyrmions in Helimagnets. Manipulation of magnetic skyrmions with spin-polarized STM. Chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic films for magnetic storage technologies. Simulations of skyrmion manipulation in confined geometries. Dynamics of Skyrmionic Spin Structures. Novel topological resonant excitations of coupled skyrmions in Co/Ru/Co nanodisks. Multiple-q States and the Skyrmion Lattice of the Triangular-Lattice. Heisenberg Antiferromagnet under Magnetic Field. Current-Induced Dynamics of Magnetic Skyrmion in Chiral Magnets. Dynamical magnetic skyrmions. Giant Skyrmions Stabilized by Dipole-Dipole Interactions in Thin Ferromagnetic Films. Zero-field stability, hysteretic behavior, and reversal mechanism of skyrmionic textures in nanostructures. Ground state, collective mode, phase soliton and vortex in multiband superconductors. Emerging applications. Current-induced magnetic skyrmions oscillator. Race-track application. Electrical Creation and Manipulation of Magnetic Skyrmion Bubbles. Guiding skyrmion motion on a track. Magnetic Vortex Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications. Rotating skyrmion lattices by spin torques and field or temperature gradients. Artificial Skyrmions
£175.75
Taylor & Francis Inc Silicon Nanomaterials Sourcebook
Book SynopsisThis comprehensive tutorial guide to silicon nanomaterials spans from fundamental properties, growth mechanisms, and processing of nanosilicon to electronic device, energy conversion and storage, biomedical, and environmental applications. It also presents core knowledge with basic mathematical equations, tables, and graphs in order to provide the reader with the tools necessary to understand the latest technology developments. From low-dimensional structures, quantum dots, and nanowires to hybrid materials, arrays, networks, and biomedical applications, this Sourcebook is a complete resource for anyone working with this materials: Covers fundamental concepts, properties, methods, and practical applications. Focuses on one important type of silicon nanomaterial in every chapter. Discusses formation, properties, and applications for each material. Written in a tutorial style with basic equationsTable of ContentsI. Arrays, Hybrids, Core-Shell Formation and optical properties of silicon nanowire arrays. Inverted Silicon Nanopencil Arrays. Single Crystal Silicon Nanopore and Arrays. 3D Si Quantum Dot Array. Systems of Silicon Nanocrystals and their Peculiarities. Silicon/Polymer Composite Nanopost Arrays. Vertical Silicon Nanostructures. Silicon Nanowire and Nanohole Arrays. Silicon-Based Core-Shell Nanostructures. II. Functional Materials. Porous Silicon as Template for Magnetic Nanostructures. Heat and Mass Transfer in Silicon-Based Nanostructures. Electrodeposited Silicon from Ionic Liquids. Sonosensitizing Properties of Silicon Nanoparticles. Silicon Metamaterials with Exotic Mid-Infrared Radiative Properties. Antireflective Silicon Nanostructures. Black Silicon Antireflection Nanostructures. Silicon Nanowires in Biomedicine. Silicon Dots in Radiotherapy. III. Industrial Nanosilicon. Silicon-based Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries. Silicon Nanopowders from Plasma for Li-ion Batteries. Nanophotonics Silicon Solar Cells. Photovoltaic Structures Based on Porous Silicon. Silicon Nano-Stalagmite for Hybrid Solar Cells. Bottom-up Nanostructured Silicon for Thermoelectrics. Nanosilicon and Thermoelectricity. Nanostructured Silicon for Thermoelectrics. Nanoscale Silicon in Photonics and Photovoltaics. Silicon/Carbon Yolk-Like Nanostructure for Energy Storage. Nanosilicon for Quantum Information.
£147.25
Taylor & Francis Inc Silicon Nanomaterials Sourcebook
Book SynopsisThis comprehensive tutorial guide to silicon nanomaterials spans from fundamental properties, growth mechanisms, and processing of nanosilicon to electronic device, energy conversion and storage, biomedical, and environmental applications. It also presents core knowledge with basic mathematical equations, tables, and graphs in order to provide the reader with the tools necessary to understand the latest technology developments. From low-dimensional structures, quantum dots, and nanowires to hybrid materials, arrays, networks, and biomedical applications, this Sourcebook is a complete resource for anyone working with this materials: Covers fundamental concepts, properties, methods, and practical applications. Focuses on one important type of silicon nanomaterial in every chapter. Discusses formation, properties, and applications for each material. Written in a tutorial style with basic equationsTable of ContentsI. Low-Dimensional Structures. One-dimensional Porous Silicon Photonic Crystals. Two-Dimensional Silicon. Two-Dimensional Silicon Nanosheets.Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Films. Fundamentals of Silicene. Silicene Nanoribbons. Hexagonal Honeycomb Silicon: Silicene. II. Clusters, Nanoparticles, Quantum Dots. Fluorescent Silicon Clusters. Silicon Nanoparticles from Pulsed Laser Ablation. Silicon Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid. Silicon Nanoparticles with Zinc-Blende Structure. Silicon Nanocrystals from Plasma Synthesis. Silicon Nanocrystals in Water. Surface-Engineered Silicon Nanocrystals. Silicon Nanocrystals Doped with Boron and Phosphorous. Organically-Capped Silicon Nanocrystals. Near-Infrared Luminescent Colloidal Silicon Nanocrystals. Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Quantum Dots. III. Nanowires, Nanotubes. Silicon Nanowires as Electron Field Emitters. Silicon nanowires for Li-based battery Anodes. Coated Silicon Nanowires for Battery Applications. Ion-Implanted Silicon Nanowires. Silicon Nanowires for Evolutionary Nanotechnology. Fundamentals of Silicon Nanotubes. Amorphous Silicon Nanotubes. Nanotubular-Structured Porous Silicon. Porous Silicon Nanotube Arrays.
£999.99
Taylor & Francis Inc Fundamentals of Tunnel FieldEffect Transistors
Book SynopsisDuring the last decade, there has been a great deal of interest in TFETs. To the best authors' knowledge, no book on TFETs currently exists. The proposed book provides readers with fundamental understanding of the TFETs. It explains the interesting characteristics of the TFETs, pointing to their strengths and weaknesses, and describes the novel techniques that can be employed to overcome these weaknesses and improve their characteristics. Different tradeoffs that can be made in designing TFETs have also been highlighted. Further, the book provides simulation example files of TFETs that could be run using a commercial device simulator.Table of ContentsCMOS Scaling. Basics of Quantum Tunneling. Basics of Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Boosting ON-current in Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. III-V Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Carbon-Based Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Models for Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Applications of Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. Future Perspective.
£120.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Advances in Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of
Book SynopsisThis book demonstrates the capabilities of passive microwave technique for enhanced observations of ocean features, including the detection of (sub)surface events and/or disturbances while laying out the benefits and boundaries of these methods. It represents not only an introduction and complete description of the main principles of ocean microwave radiometry and imagery, but also provides guidance for further experimental studies. Furthermore, it expands the analysis of remote sensing methods, models, and techniques and focuses on a high-resolution multiband imaging observation concept. Such an advanced approach provides readers with a new level of geophysical information and data acquisition granting the opportunity to improve their expertise on advanced microwave technology, now an indispensable tool for diagnostics of ocean phenomena and disturbances.Table of ContentsList of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. Acknowledgments. Author. Introduction. Ocean Phenomena. Microwave Emission of the Ocean. Simulation and Prediction of Ocean Data. High-Resolution Multiband Techniques and Observations. Applications for Advanced Studies. Summary. Index.
£142.50
Taylor & Francis Inc Introduction to Radio Engineering
Book SynopsisThe book introduces the basic foundations of high mathematics and vector algebra. Then, it explains the basic aspects of classical electrodynamics and electromagnetism. Based on such knowledge readers investigate various radio propagation problems related to guiding structures connecting electronic devices with antenna terminals placed at the different radar systems. It explains the role of antennas in process of transmission of radio signals between the terminals. Finally, it shows the relation between the main operational charactistics of each kind of radar and the corresponding knowledge obtained from the previous chapters.Table of ContentsMathematical Foundations for Radio Engineering: Basic Definitions, Operations, and Differential Vectors. Differential Operators in Classical Electrodynamics. Introduction in Classical Electrodynamnics: Electromagnetic Waves. Electromagnetic Waves Propagation in Various Media. Reflection and Refraction of Electromagnwetic Waves. Guiding Structures and Guiding Waves: Types of Guiding Structures and Types of Guiding Waves. Transmission Lines. Coaxial Cables. Waveguides. Antennas Fundamentals: Basic Characteristics and Types of Antennas. Radar Fundamentals: Radars. MM-Wave Radars. Guided GPRs Based on Leaky Coaxial Cables. Ground Penetrating Radars and Remote Sensing Systems.
£112.50
Taylor & Francis Inc Dosimetry in Bioelectromagnetics
Book SynopsisDosimetry refers to the calculation and assessment of the radiation dose received by the human body. The proposed book will place emphasis on the existence of physical and biophysical dosimetry. It will be discussed for the proper description and evaluation of the signal at the power generation system. It will cover in detail 10 different parameters of EMF (electromagnetism) exposure such as amplitude, frequency, vector, time of exposure, orientation, etc. In most published papers, these parameters are not well defined.Table of ContentsPhysical Dynamics: The Base for the Development of Biophysical Treatments. Dose and Exposure in Bioelectromagnetics. Physical Aspects of Radio-Frequency Radiation Dosimetry. Uncertainty Sources Associated With Low Frequency Electric And Magnetic Field Experiments On Cell Cultures. Necessary Characteristics of Quality Bioelectromagnetic Experimental Research. External Electric and Magnetic Fields as a Signaling Mechanism for Biological Systems. Duration of Exposure and Dose in Assessing Non-Thermal Biological Effects of Microwaves. Practical Principles of Dosimetry in Studying Biological Effects of Extremely High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Dosimetry in Electroporation Based Technologies and Treatments. Quantifying In Bioelectromagnetics. Blood and Vascular Targets for Magnetic Field Dosing. Methodology of Standards Development for EMF RF in Russia and By International Commissions: Distinctions in Approaches. The Intracellular Signaling System Controlling Cell Hydration as a Biomarker for EMF Dosimetry. Clinical Dosimetry of ELF PEMFS. Enhancement of Nerve Regeneration by Selected EMF Signals. The Conundrum of Dosimetry.
£165.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Compressive Sensing of Earth Observations
Book SynopsisFuture remote sensing systems will make extensive use of Compressive Sensing (CS) as it becomes more integrated into the system design with increased high resolution sensor developments and the rising earth observation data generated each year. Written by leading experts in the field Compressive Sensing of Earth Observations provides a comprehensive and balanced coverage of the theory and applications of CS in all aspects of earth observations. This work covers a myriad of practical aspects such as the use of CS in detection of human vital signs in a cluttered environment and the corresponding modeling of rib-cage breathing. Readers are also presented with three different applications of CS to the ISAR imaging problem, which includes image reconstruction from compressed data, resolution enhancement, and image reconstruction from incomplete data. Table of ContentsPreface. Editor. Contributors. 1 Compressed Sensing: From Theory to Praxis. 2 Compressive Sensing on the Sphere: Slepian Functions for Applications in Geophysics. 3 Compressive Sensing–Based High Resolution Imaging and Tracking of Targets and Human Vital Sign Detection behind Walls. 4 Recovery Guarantees for High Resolution Radar Sensing with Compressive Illumination. 5 Compressive Sensing for Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging. 6 A Novel Compressed Sensing–Based Algorithm for Space–Time Signal Processing Using Airborne Radars. 7 Bayesian Sparse Estimation of Radar Targets in the Compressed Sensing Framework. 8 Virtual Experiments and Compressive Sensing for Subsurface Microwave Tomography. 9 Seismic Source Monitoring with Compressed Sensing. 10 Seismic Data Regularization and Imaging Based on Compressive Sensing and Sparse Optimization. 11 Land Use Classification with Sparse Models. 12 Compressive Sensing for Reconstruction, Classification, and Detection of Hyperspectral Images. 13 Structured Abundance Matrix Estimation for Land Cover Hyperspectral Image Unmixing. 14 Parallel Coded Aperture Method for Hyperspectral Compressive Sensing on GPU. 15 Algorithms and Prototyping of a Compressive Hyperspectral Imager. Index.
£175.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Electromagnetic Radiation in Analysis and Design
Book SynopsisBridging condensed matter physics, photochemistry, photophysics, and materials science, Electromagnetic Radiation in Analysis and Design of Organic Materials: Electronic and Biotechnology Applications covers physical properties of materials in the presence of radiation from across the electromagnetic spectrum. It describes the optical, spectral, thermal, and morphological properties of a wide range of materials and their practical implications in electronic and biotechnologies. It discusses recent advances in the use of radiation in analysis of materials and design for advanced applications. The book contains experimental and theoretical issues that reflect the impact of radiation on materials characteristics highlighting their ease of analysis or adaptation for applications as optical filters, drug delivery systems, antimicrobial layers, amphetamine detectors, or liquid crystal displays.Trade Review"The selection of the topics is quite good, as it discusses the interaction of a large array of compounds with the electromagnetic radiation. The general topic is very useful, as these interactions yield very useful information, for both qualitative and quantitative analysis, although they are nondestructive techniques."— Mirela Praisler, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania"This book can represent a good text book for senior-undergraduate and post-graduate students or experienced professionals that are looking to specialize in using the electromagnetic radiation in the analysis and processing of the various materials."— George Amarandei, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland"Authors provide a well-structured and self-contained book, yet concise, focused on selected topics related to the interactions of the electromagnetic radiations with organic matter, from small molecules to macromolecules and biological polymers. Each chapter addresses a specific subject and can be read it independently and in any order. The multidisciplinary approach supported by different methods of investigations and modern methods of analysis is a main strength of the content of the book. The accessible style used in explaining the complicated phenomena is of great advantage for the readers." — Cristina Stan, University of Bucharest, Romania"This is a well-structured and comprehensive book on a very important and relevant topic of modern physics and medicine. The book focuses on selected topics of interactions of electromagnetic radiation with organic matter, from small molecules to macromolecules and biological polymers. The multidisciplinary approach supported by different methods of investigations and modern methods of analysis is an important strength of the book. The accessible style used in explaining the complicated phenomena is of great advantage for the readers."— Codrina Ionita-Schrittwieser, University of Innsbruck, AustriaTable of ContentsPart I. Interactions of Electromagnetic Radiations with Low Molecular Weight Materials. Spectral Methods in Estimating Molecular Polarizability in Non-Polar Solvents. Solvatochromic Behavior of Ternary Solutions of Some 1, 2, 4-Triazolium Ylids. Spectral Insights on Intermolecular Interactions in Solutions of Some Zwitterionic Compounds. Relevance of the Molecular Descriptors for the Modeling/Discrimination of Amphetamines using Artificial Neural Network. Methods for Evaluation of Light Double Refraction in Transparent Uniax Anisotropic Media using the Channeled Spectra. New Approaches on Birefringence Dispersion of Small-Molecule Liquid Crystals Designed as Interferential Optical Filters. Novel Aspects on Optical Radiations Involvement in Analysis of Biaxial Crystals Optical Properties. Part II. Interactions of Electromagnetic Radiations with Macromolecular Materials. Designing Antimicrobial Properties on Urinary Catheter Surfaces by Interaction with Plasma Radiation and Particles. Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Polymer Materials Used in Biomedical Applications. Role of UV-VIS Radiations in Analysis of Polymer Systems for Drug Delivery Applications. Interaction of Radiations with Stretched Polymer Foils in Controlling the Release of a Drug for Alzheimer Disease. Structuring of Polymer Surfaces via Laser Irradiation as a Tool for Micro- and Nanotechnologies. Liquid Crystal Polymers under Mechanical and Electromagnetic Fields: From Basic Concepts to Modern Technologies.
£171.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Convex Optimization for Signal Processing and
Book SynopsisConvex Optimization for Signal Processing and Communications: From Fundamentals to Applications provides fundamental background knowledge of convex optimization, while striking a balance between mathematical theory and applications in signal processing and communications. In addition to comprehensive proofs and perspective interpretations for core convex optimization theory, this book also provides many insightful figures, remarks, illustrative examples, and guided journeys from theory to cutting-edge research explorations, for efficient and in-depth learning, especially for engineering students and professionals. With the powerful convex optimization theory and tools, this book provides you with a new degree of freedom and the capability of solving challenging real-world scientific and engineering problems.Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1: Mathematical Background Chapter 2: Convex Sets Chapter 3: Convex Functions Chapter 4: Convex Optimization Problems Chapter 5: Geometric Programming Chapter 6: Linear Programming and Quadratic Programming Chapter 7: Second-order Cone Programming Chapter 8: Semidefinite Programming Chapter 9: Duality Chapter 10: Interior-point Methods Appendix: Convex Optimization Solvers
£123.50
Taylor & Francis Inc The Future X Network
Book SynopsisWe are at the dawn of an era in networking that has the potential to define a new phase of human existence. This era will be shaped by the digitization and connection of everything and everyone with the goal of automating much of life, effectively creating time by maximizing the efficiency of everything we do and augmenting our intelligence with knowledge that expedites and optimizes decision-making and everyday routines and processes.The Future X Network: A Bell Labs Perspective outlines how Bell Labs sees this future unfolding and the key technological breakthroughs needed at both the architectural and systems levels. Each chapter of the book is dedicated to a major area of change and the network and systems innovation required to realize the technological revolution that will be the essential product of this new digital future.Table of ContentsThe Future X Network. The Future of the Enterprise. The Future of Security. The Future of Wide Area Networks. The Future of Cloud. The Future of Wireless Access. The Future of Broadband Access. The Future of the Enterprise LAN. The Future of Communications. The Future of Information. The Future of the Internet of Things. The Future of the Home. The Future of Network Operations. The Future of Network Energy.
£54.99
Taylor & Francis Inc New Directions in Behavioral Biometrics
Book SynopsisAutomatic biometrics recognition techniques are increasingly important in corporate and public security systems and have increased in methods due to rapid field development. This book discusses classic behavioral biometrics as well as collects the latest advances in techniques, theoretical approaches, and dynamic applications. This future-looking book is an important reference tool for researchers, practitioners, academicians, and technologists. While there are existing books that focus on physiological biometrics or algorithmic approaches deployed in biometrics, this book addresses a gap in the existing literature for a text that is solely dedicated to the topic of behavioral biometrics.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Behavioral Biometrics. Signature Recognition. Keystroke Dynamics. Gait Analysis. Voice Recognition.
£103.50
Taylor & Francis Inc Instrumentation Measurements and Experiments in
Book SynopsisInstrumentation, Measurements, and Experiments in Fluids, Second Edition is primarily focused on essentials required for experimentation in fluids, explaining basic principles, and addressing the tools and methods needed for advanced experimentation. It also provides insight into the vital topics and issues associated with the devices and instruments used for fluid mechanics and gas dynamics experiments. The second edition adds exercise problems with answers, along with PIV systems of flow visualization, water flow channel for flow visualization, and pictures with Schlieren and shadowgraphfrom which possible quantitative information can be extracted. Ancillary materials include detailed solutions manual and lecture slides for the instructors.Table of ContentsNeed and Objective of Experimental Study. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. Wind Tunnels. Flow Visualisation. Hot-Wire Anemometry. Analogue Methods. Pressure Measurement Techniques. Velocity Measurement. Temperature Measurement. Measurement of Wall Shear Stress. Mass and Volume Flow Measurements. Special flows. Data Acquisition and Processing. Uncertainity.
£150.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Circuit Analysis with PSpice
Book SynopsisElectric circuits, and their electronic circuit extensions, are found in all electrical and electronic equipment; including: household equipment, lighting, heating, air conditioning, control systems in both homes and commercial buildings, computers, consumer electronics, and means of transportation, such as cars, buses, trains, ships, and airplanes. Electric circuit analysis is essential for designing all these systems. Electric circuit analysis is a foundation for all hardware courses taken by students in electrical engineering and allied fields, such as electronics, computer hardware, communications and control systems, and electric power. This book is intended to help students master basic electric circuit analysis, as an essential component of their professional education. Furthermore, the objective of this book is to approach circuit analysis by developing a sound understanding of fundamentals and a problem-solving methodology that encourages critical thinking.Trade Review"… I like the author’s approach in using easy to understand language, an easy to follow format, and a pedagogical method in using constructive alignment in using aims and objectives at the start of each chapter … While there are other books, I have yet to find one that can simplify the material and approach to make it easy to understand, yet allow the students to go to all the way to solve complex or practical problems with confidence. The author convinces me that he has through trial and error found an optimal approach to allow this to happen."— Paul M. Holland, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United KingdomTable of ContentsContentsPageList of PSpice Simulations xPreface xConvention for Voltage and Current Symbols xPart I: Basic Concepts in Circuit AnalysisChapter 1 Preliminaries to Circuit AnalysisObjective and Overview x1.1 What are electric circuits and what are they used for? x1.2 What laws govern the behavior of electric circuits? x1.3 What is electric current? x1.4 What is the direction of current? x1.5 What is voltage? x1.6 What is voltage polarity?1.7 How are energy and power related to voltage and current? xPositive and Negative Values of Circuit Variables 1.8 What are ideal circuit elements and how do they handle energy? 1.9 Why resistance, capacitance, and inductance? 1.10 What are the approximations implicit in basic electric circuits? Learning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter Problem-Solving Tips Exercises and Problems Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Resistive CircuitsObjective and Overview x2.1 Nature of Resistance x2.2 Ideal Resistors x2.3 Short Circuit and Open Circuit x2.4 Ideal, Independent Voltage Source x2.5 Ideal, Independent Current Source x2.6 Ideal, Dependent Sources xIdeal, Dependent Voltage Sources xIdeal, Dependent Current Sources x2.7 Nomenclature and Analysis of Resistive Circuits x2.8 Kirchhoff’s Laws xKirchhoff’s Current Law xKirchhoff’s Voltage Law x2.9 Series and Parallel Connections xSeries Connection xParallel Connection x2.10 Problem-Solving Approach xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 3 Circuit EquivalenceObjective and Overview x3.1 Circuit Equivalence and its Implications x3.2 Series and Parallel Connection of Resistors xSeries Connection of Resistors xParallel Connection of Resistors x3.3 Resistivity x3.4 Star-Delta Transformation x3.5 Series and Parallel Connection of Ideal Sources xIdeal Voltage Sources xIdeal Current Sources x3.6 Linear-Output Sources xLinear-Output Voltage Source xTransformation of Linear-Output Sources x3.7 Problem-Solving Approach Updated xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 4 Circuit TheoremsObjective and Overview x4.1 Excitation by Dependent Sources x4.2 Thevenin’s Theorem xDerivation of TEC cDerivation of TEC with PSpice x4.3 Norton’s Theorem xDerivation of NEC with PSpice x4.4 Substitution Theorem x4.5 Source Absorption Theorem x4.6 Problem-Solving Approach Updated xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 5 Circuit SimplificationObjective and Overview x5.1 Superposition xDependent Sources xProcedure for Applying Superposition xPower with Superposition x5.2 Output Scaling x5.3 Redundant Resistors xRedundant Resistors Connected to Sources xResistors not Carrying Current x5.4 Partitioning of Circuits by Ideal Sources x5.5 Source Rearrangement x5.6 Exploitation of Symmetry x5.6 Problem-Solving Approach Updated xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xAppendix 5A Wheatstone Bridge xExercises and Problems xChapter 6 Circuit EquationsObjective and Overview x6.1 Node-Voltage Method xChange of Reference Node xNon-Transformable Voltage Source x6.2 Dependent Sources in Node-Voltage Method x6.3 Mesh-Current Method xGeneralization of Mesh-Current Method xNon-Transformable Current Source x6.4 Dependent Sources in Mesh-Current Method x6.5 Problem-Solving Approach Updated xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 7 Capacitors, Inductors, and DualityObjective and Overview x7.1 Voltage-Current Relation of a Capacitor xSign Convention xSteady Capacitor Voltage xStored Energy x7.2 Voltage-Current Relation of an Inductor xMagnetic Fields and Related Quantities xMagnetic Flux Linkage xInductance xVoltage-Current Relation xSteady Inductor Current xStored Energy x7.3 Series and Parallel Connections of Initially-Uncharged Capacitors xSeries Connection of Initially-Uncharged Capacitors xParallel Connection of Initially-Uncharged Capacitors x7.4 Series and Parallel Connections of Initially-Uncharged Inductors xSeries Connection of Initially-Uncharged Inductors xParallel Connection of Initially-Uncharged Inductors x7.5 Duality xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xAppendix 7A Derivation of the Dual of a Planar Circuit xExercises and Problems xChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady StateObjective and Overview x8.1 The Sinusoidal Function x8.2 Responses to Sinusoidal Excitation xExcitation in Trigonometric Form xComplex Sinusoidal Excitation x8.3 Phasors xPhasor Notation xProperties of Phasors x8.4 Phasor Relations of Circuit Elements xPhasor Relations for a Resistor xPhasor Relations for a Capacitor xPhasor Relations for an Inductor x8.5 Impedance and Reactance x8.6 Governing Equations x8.7 Representation in the Frequency Domain x8.8 Phasor Diagrams xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xAppendix 8A ac Bridges xExercises and Problems xChapter 9 Linear TransformerObjective and Overview x9.1 Magnetic Coupling xDot Convention x9.2 Mutual Inductance xCoupling Coefficient x9.3 Linear Transformer x9.4 T-Equivalent Circuit xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xAppendix 9A Energy Stored in Magnetically-Coupled Coils xExercises and Problems xChapter 10 Ideal TransformerObjective and Overview x10.1 Magnetic Circuit x10.2 Ideal Transformer xDefinition xPhasor Relations xReflection of Impedance xApplications of Transformers x10.3 Reflection of Circuits x10.4 Ideal Autotransformer x10.5 Transformer Imperfections xFinite Inductance of Windings xFinite Leakage flux xFrequency Range xCore Losses xConstruction of Small Inductors and Transformers xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 11 Basic Responses of First-Order CircuitsObjective and Overview x11.1 Capacitor Discharge x11.2 Capacitor Charging xCharging with Initial energy Storage x11.3 Inductor Discharge x11.4 Inductor Charging x11.5 Generalized First-Order Circuits xGeneralized Response xDetermining Initial and Final Values xEffect of Sources on Time Constant xEffective Values of Circuit Elements x11.6 Role of Transient xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 12 Basic Responses of Second-Order CircuitsObjective and Overview x12.1 Natural Responses of Series RLC Circuit xOverdamped Responses xUnderdamped Responses xCritically-Damped Responses xSustained Oscillations x12.2 Natural Response of Parallel GCL Circuit x12.3 Charging of Series RLC Circuit xUnderdamped Response xCritically-Damped Response xComparison of Responses xCharging of Parallel GCL Circuit x12.4 Procedure for Analyzing Prototypical Second-Order Circuits xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xAppendix 12A More General Second-Order Circuits xExercises and Problems xPart II: Topics in Circuit AnalysisChapter 13 Ideal Operational AmplifierObjective and Overview x13.1 Basic Properties xAlmost-Ideal Op Amp xEquivalent Circuit x13.2 Feedback x13.3 Noninverting Configuration xUnity-Gain Amplifier x13.4 Inverting Configuration x13.5 Applications of the Inverting Configuration xCurrent-Source-to-Voltage-Source Converter xPerfect Integrator Perfect Differentiator xAdder x13.6 Difference Amplifier x13.7 Solving Problems on Operational Amplifiers xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 14 Frequency ResponsesObjective and Overview x14.1 Analysis of Filters x14.2 Ideal Frequency Responses x14.3 First-Order Responses xParallel First-Order Filters x14.4 Bode Plots xLowpass Response xHighpass Response x14.5 Second-Order Bandpass Response x14.6 Second-Order Bandstop Response x14.7 Second-Order Lowpass and Highpass Responses xLowpass Response xHighpass Response x14.8 Parallel Circuit x14.9 Summary of Second-Order Responses xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 15 Butterworth and Active FiltersObjective and Overview x15.1 Scaling x15.2 Butterworth Response xProduct of Transfer Functions x15.3 First-Order Active Filters xLowpass Filter xHighpass Filter x15.4 Non-Inverting Second-Order Active Filters xHighpass Filter xLowpass Filter xBandpass Filter x15.5 Inverting Second-Order Active Filters xBandpass Filter xHighpass Filter xLowpass Filter x15.6 Universal Filter xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 16 Responses to Periodic InputsObjective and Overview x16.1 Fourier Series x16.2 Fourier Analysis xExponential Form xFrequency Spectrum xTranslation in Time x16.3 Symmetry Properties of Fourier Series xEven-Function Symmetry xOdd-Function Symmetry xHalf-Wave Symmetry xQuarter-Wave Symmetry x16.4 Derivation of FSEs from those of Other Functions xAddition/Subtraction/Multiplication xDifferentiation/Integration x16.5 Concluding Remarks on FSEs xRate of Attenuation of Harmonics xApplication to Nonperiodic Functions xShifting Horizontal and Vertical Axes x16.6 Circuit Responses to Periodic Functions x16.7 Average Power and rms Values xrms Value xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 17 Real, Reactive and Complex PowerObjective and Overview x17.1 Instantaneous and Real Power xResistor xInductor xCapacitor xGeneral Case x17.2 Complex Power xComplex Power Triangle xConservation of Complex Power x17.3 Power Factor Correction xPower Measurements x17.4 Maximum Power Transfer xPurely Resistive Circuit xSource and Load Impedances xAdmittance Relations xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 18 Responses to Step and Impulse InputsObjective and Overview x18.1 Capacitor Response to Current Pulse x18.2 The Impulse Function x18.3 Response of Capacitive Circuits to Step and impulse inputs xSingle Capacitor xRC Circuit xSummary of Responses of Capacitive Circuits x18.4 Inductor Response to Voltage Pulse x18.5 Response of Inductive Circuits to Step and impulse inputs xSingle Inductor xRL Circuit xSummary of Responses of Inductive Circuits x18.6 Response of RLC Circuits to Step and Impulse Inputs xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 19 Switched Circuits with Initial Energy StorageObjective and Overview x19.1 Series and Parallel Connections of Inductors with Initial Charges xCapacitors in Parallel xCapacitors in Series x19.2 Series and Parallel Connections of Inductors with Initial Currents xInductors in Series xInductors in Parallel x19.3 Switched Circuits xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 20 ConvolutionObjective and Overview x20.1 Shifting in Time and Folding xShifting in Time xFolding around the Vertical axis x20.2 The Convolution Integral xGraphical Interpretation xProcedure Based on Graphical Interpretation x20.3 Operational Properties of Convolution xCommutative Property xDistributive property xAssociative property xInvariance with Inverse Integration and Differentiation x20.4 Special Cases of Convolution xConvolution of Staircase Functions xConvolution with Impulse Function xConvolution with Step Function x20.5 Some General Properties of the Convolution Integral xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 21 Properties of the Laplace TransformObjective and Overview x21.1 General x21.2 Operational Properties of the LT x21.3 Solution of Ordinary, Linear Differential Equations xInverse Laplace Transform xPartial Fraction Expansion x21.4 Theorems on the Laplace Transform xFinal Value Theorem xInitial Value Theorem xConvolution Theorem xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xAppendix 21A Simplification of Rational Functions of s xExercises and Problems xChapter 22 The Laplace Transform in Circuit AnalysisObjective and Overview x22.1 Representation of Circuit Elements in the s Domain xResistor xCapacitor xInductor xMagnetically-Coupled Coils x22.2 Solution of Circuit Problems in the s Domain xSwitching x22.3 Transfer Function xStability xSinusoidal Steady-State Response xInterpretation of zeros and poles x22.4 Interpretations of Circuit Responses in the s-Domain xNatural Response of First-Order Circuits xNatural Response of Second-Order Circuits xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xProblem-Solving Tips xExercises and Problems xChapter 23 Fourier TransformObjective and Overview x23.1 Derivation of the Fourier Transform x23.2 Some General Properties of the Fourier Transform xReal and Imaginary Parts xFourier Transform at Zero Frequency xDuality x23.3 Operational Properties of the Fourier Transform x23.4 Circuit Applications of the Fourier Transform x23.5 Parseval’s Theorem xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xExercises and Problems xChapter 24 Two-Port CircuitsObjective and Overview x24.1 Circuit Description x24.2 Parameter Interpretation and Relations xInterpretation of Parameters xInverse Relations xReciprocal Circuits xSymmetric Circuits x24.3 Equivalent Circuits x24.4 Composite Two-Port Circuits xCascade Connection xParallel Connection xSeries Connection xSeries-Parallel Connection xParallel-Series Connection x24.5 Analysis of Terminated Two-Port Circuits xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xExercises and Problems xChapter 25 Balanced Three-Phase SystemsObjective and Overview x25.1 Three-Phase Variables xSum of Balanced Variables xPhase Sequence x25.2 The Balanced Y Connection xVoltage relations xCurrent Relations xPower Relations x25.3 The Balanced D Connection xVoltage relations xCurrent Relations xPower Relations x25.4 Analysis of Balanced Three-Phase Systems xY-Y System xD -D System x25.5 Power in Balanced Three-Phase Systems xInstantaneous Power xComplex Power xTwo-Wattmeter Method of Power Measurement x25.6 Advantages of Three-Phase Systems x25.7 Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution xLearning Checklist: What should be learned from this chapter xExercises and Problems xAppendicesAppendix A SI Units, Symbols, and Prefixes xAppendix B Useful Mathematical Relations xAppendix C PSpice Simulation xAppendix D Complex Numbers and Algebra xAppendix E Solution of Linear Simultaneous Equations x
£99.75
Taylor & Francis Inc Random Processes for Engineers
Book SynopsisThis book offers an intuitive approach to random processes and educates the reader on how to interpret and predict their behavior. Premised on the idea that new techniques are best introduced by specific, low-dimensional examples, the mathematical exposition is easier to comprehend and more enjoyable, and it motivates the subsequent generalizations. It distinguishes between the science of extracting statistical information from raw data--e.g., a time series about which nothing is known a priori--and that of analyzing specific statistical models, such as Bernoulli trials, Poisson queues, ARMA, and Markov processes. The former motivates the concepts of statistical spectral analysis (such as the Wiener-Khintchine theory), and the latter applies and interprets them in specific physical contexts. The formidable Kalman filter is introduced in a simple scalar context, where its basic strategy is transparent, and gradually extended to the full-blown iterative matrix form.Trade Review"This is great and timely book! It takes difficult concepts and distills them to the reader in a way that is simple and easy to understand. It connects students with hard to understand theories and concepts though the use of good examples and graphical illustrations."— George Edwards, University of Denver, USA"This book offers an intuitive approach to random processes and discusses how to interpret and predict their behavior. Based on the idea that new techniques are best introduced by specific, low-dimensional examples, the mathematical exposition is made easier to comprehend and serves to motivate the subsequent generalizations. It distinguishes between the science of extracting statistical information from raw data such as a time series about which nothing is known a priori and that of analyzing specific statistical models, such as Bernoulli trials, Poisson queues, ARMA, and Markov processes. The former motivates the concepts of statistical spectral analysis (such as the Wiener–Khintchine theory), and the latter applies and interprets them in specific physical contexts. The Kalman filter is introduced in a simple scalar context, where its basic strategy is transparent and gradually extended to the full-blown iterative matrix form."—IEEE Control Systems Magazine, December 2017 Issue"This is great and timely book! It takes difficult concepts and distills them to the reader in a way that is simple and easy to understand. It connects students with hard to understand theories and concepts though the use of good examples and graphical illustrations."— George Edwards, University of Denver, USA"This book offers an intuitive approach to random processes and discusses how to interpret and predict their behavior. Based on the idea that new techniques are best introduced by specific, low-dimensional examples, the mathematical exposition is made easier to comprehend and serves to motivate the subsequent generalizations. It distinguishes between the science of extracting statistical information from raw data such as a time series about which nothing is known a priori and that of analyzing specific statistical models, such as Bernoulli trials, Poisson queues, ARMA, and Markov processes. The former motivates the concepts of statistical spectral analysis (such as the Wiener–Khintchine theory), and the latter applies and interprets them in specific physical contexts. The Kalman filter is introduced in a simple scalar context, where its basic strategy is transparent and gradually extended to the full-blown iterative matrix form."—IEEE Control Systems Magazine, December 2017 IssueTable of ContentsProbability Basics. Random Processes. Analysis of Raw Data. Models for Random Processes. Least Mean-Square Error Predictors. The Kalman Filter.
£99.75
Cornell University Press Recharging China in War and Revolution 18821955
Book SynopsisIn Recharging China in War and Revolution, 18821955, Ying Jia Tan explores the fascinating politics of Chinese power consumption as electrical industries developed during seven decades of revolution and warfare.Tan traces this history from the textile-factory power shortages of the late Qing, through the struggle over China''s electrical industries during its civil war, to the 1937 Japanese invasion that robbed China of 97 percent of its generative capacity. Along the way, he demonstrates that power industries became an integral part of the nation''s military-industrial complex, showing how competing regimes asserted economic sovereignty through the nationalization of electricity.Based on a wide range of published records, engineering reports, and archival collections in China, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States, Recharging China in War and Revolution, 18821955 argues that, even in times of peace, the Chinese economy operated as thoTrade ReviewTan's book [is] both timely and an essential new entry in the historiography on modern China. * Asian Studies *In Recharging China in War and Revolution, 1882–1955, Ying Jia Tan offers a timely account of China's energy history, detailing its electrical development from the late Qing to the early Mao periods.This book makes an important contribution to the larger scholarship on energy history by explicating how electricity and state power were entwined and evolved in the Chinese experience. * Technology and Culture *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Forging Resilience 1. Spinning the Threads of Discontent 2. Defending the Public Good 3. Unleashing Fire and Fury 4. Dawning of the Copper Age 5. Turning the Tide 6. Waging Electrical Warfare 7. Manufacturing Technocracy Conclusion: Hauntings from Past Energy Transitions
£17.99
Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp Motores Eléctricos.
Book Synopsis
£20.47
Taylor & Francis Inc Microprobe Characterization of Optoelectronic
Book SynopsisEach chapter in this book is written by a group of leading experts in one particular type of microprobe technique. They emphasize the ability of that technique to provide information about small structures (i.e. quantum dots, quantum lines), microscopic defects, strain, layer composition, and its usefulness as diagnostic technique for device degradation. Different types of probes are considered (electrons, photons and tips) and different microscopies (optical, electron microscopy and tunneling). It is an ideal reference for post-graduate and experienced researchers, as well as for crystal growers and optoelectronic device makers.Table of Contents1. Photoluminescence Imaging2. MicroRaman Spectroscopy of Semiconductors: Principles and Applications3. Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy of Semiconductor Nanostructures4. Cross-sectional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Heterostructures5. Application of Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study Interfaces in Optoelectronic Materials6. Electron Beam Induced Luminescence Studies of Low-dimensional Semiconductor Structures7. X-ray Topography8. Selective Etching and Complementary Microprobe Techniques (SFM, EBIC)
£913.45
Taylor & Francis Inc III-Nitride Semiconductors: Optical Properties
Book SynopsisThe first part of a comprehensive overview of fundamental optical properties of III-nitride semiconductors. All optoelectronic applications based on III-nitrides are due to their unique optical properties and characterizations of III-nitrides. Much information, which is critical to the design and improvement of optoelectronic devices based on III-nitrides has been obtained in the last several years. This is the first of a two part Volume in the series Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors and Superlattices.Trade Review""This essential book...is the first to present a systematic, comprehensive overview of the optical properties of III-nitride semiconductors...""The style of writing is engagin, which makes the book easily accessible to anyone involved in the development of optoelectronic devices, optical spectroscopy or new materials research."-Mircea Dragoman, National Research Institute in Microtechnology, Bucharest, Romania.."Book ReviewsOptics & Photonics News, June 2004Table of ContentsIntroductionChapter One: Time-resolved Photoluminescence Studies of III-NitridesChapter Two: Time-resolved Raman Studies of Wide bandgap Wurtzite GaNChapter Three: Optical Properties of InGaN Based III-Nitride HeterostructuresChapter Four: Optical Properties of Homeopitaxial GaNChapter Five: Physics and Optical Properties of GaN/InGaN Quantum WellsChapter Six: Characterization of GaN and Related Alloys by Raman ScatteringChapter Seven: Raman Studies of Wurtzite GaN and Related CompoundsChapter Eight: Light Emission from Rare Earth Doped GaN
£453.63
Taylor & Francis Inc III-Nitride Semiconductors: Optical Properties
Book SynopsisThis second part presents a comprehensive overview of fundamental optical properties of the III Nitride Semiconductor. All optoelectronic applications based on III-nitrides are due to their unique optical properties and characterizations of III-nitrides. Much information, which is critical to the design and improvement of optoelectronic devices based on III-nitrides has been obtained in the last several years. This is the second of a two part Volume in the seriesOptoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors and Superlattices.Table of ContentsChapter One: Optical Spectroscopy of Highly Excited Group III-Nitrides Chapter Two: Optical Constraints of III-Nitrides-Experiments Chapter Three: Optical Functions of III-Nitrides-Calculations Chapter Four: Interband Optical Transitions in Piezo-Strained InGaN Qunatum Wells Chapter Five: Electric Fields in Polarized InGaN/GaN Heterostructures Chapter Six: Inter-link Between Structural and Optical Properties of GaN and GaN/AIGaN Heterostructures Chapter Seven: LO Phonon Assisted Excition Luminescence Processes in Heteroepitaxial GaN Films Chapter Eight: Cubic Phase GaN and AIGaN: Expitaxial Growth and Optical Properties
£260.00
Taylor & Francis Inc III-V Nitride Semiconductors: Applications and
Book SynopsisThe concepts in this book will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state for a broad range of nitride semiconductor devices, as well as a detailed introduction to selected materials and processing issues of general relevance for these applications. This compilation is very timely given the level of interest and the current stage of research in nitride semiconductor materials and device applications. This volume consists of chapters written by a number of leading researchers in nitride materials and device technology addressing Ohmic and Schottky contacts, AIGalnN multiple quantum well laser diodes, nitride vertical cavity emitting lasers, and ultraviolet photodetectors. This unique volume provides a comprehensive review and introduction to application and devices based on GaN and related compounds for newcomers to the field and stimulus to further advances for experienced researchers.Table of Contents1. Ohmic Contacts to GaN 2. Characterization of Schottky Contacts on Nitride Semiconductors 3. Integration of GaN with Dissimilar Substrate Materials by Wafer Bonding and Laser Liftoff 4. Spontaneous and Piezoelectric Polarization in Nitride Heterostructures 5. AIGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors 6. Two-dimensional Electron Gas Transport Properties in Nitride Heterostructures Field Effect Transistors (HFETS) 7. Electron Transport in Wide-bandgap Semiconductors and Heterostructures 8. Gan Metal-semiconductor Field-effect Transistor 9. Piezoelectric Effect in Group III Nitride Based Heterostructures and Quantum Well Structure 10. AIGaInN MQW Laser Diodes 11. Blue Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers and InGaN Quantum Dot Laser 12. III-Nitride Based UV Photodetectors 13.III-Nitride-Based UV Photodetectors 14. AIGaN UV Photodetectors
£308.75
Taylor & Francis Inc III-Nitride Semiconductors: Growth
Book SynopsisThis volume is focused on the growth techniques for III-Nitrides featuring chapters written by leading experts in the field. This unique volume provides a comprehensive review and introduction to growth issues, substrates and characterization of GaN and related compounds for newcomers to the field and stimulus for further advances for experienced researchers. The technical chapters in this volume are focused on various aspects of growth modes, growth techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, epitaxial lateral overgrowth, hydride vapor phase epitaxial growth, as well as substrate issues and characterization results.Table of ContentsChapter One: Reduction of Dislocation Density in GaN Films Formed by Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth Chapter Two: Lateral and Pendo-Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of Thin Films of GaN and AIGaN Alloys on SIC(0001) and Si(111) Substrates Chapter Three: Spatially Resolved Optical Characterization of GaN Structures Produced by Selective Area Epitaxy and Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth Chapter Four: Selective Area Growth of Gallium Nitride on ?-AI2O3 and Silicon Substrates Using Oxidized Aluminum Arsenide Chapter Five: Homo and Hetero-Epitaxial MOVPE Growth of GaN Chapter Six: Hydride Vapour Phase Epitaxial Growth of Thick GaN Layers Chapter Seven: Growth Modes and Strain Relaxation Mechanisms of Nitrides in Molecular Beam Epitaxy: From 2D to 3D Growth Mode Chapter Eight: Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Group-III Nitrides Chapter Nine: "Growth and Characterization of MBE-grown Cubic GaN, InxGa1-xN and AIyGa1-yN" Chapter Ten: Growth of III_V Nitrides by Pulsed Laser Deposition Chapter Eleven: Influence of the Growth Mode on the physical Properties of GaN Grown by MetalOrganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy Chapter Twelve: Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-based Nitrides and Related Devices on Silicon Substrates Chapter 13: Metalorganic Vapor Phase Change Epitaxy Grown Hexagonal GaN and AIGaN for UV-Visible-Blind Photodetector Device Applications Chapter 14: Epitaxial Growth of Wurtzite GaN and Ternary Compounds
£454.91
Taylor & Francis Inc Strain and Temperature Measurement with Fiber
Book SynopsisFROM THE AUTHORS' PREFACESensors operating on interferometric principles and mounted inside optical fibers have recently been considered for measuring strain and temperature. Indeed, such sensors have successfully been employed for measuring pressure or temperature in fluids. Fiber optics sensors are especially adept for such measurements because sensors immersed in fluids can easily be calibrated by tests. Unfortunately, the use of fiber optic sensors inside solids is not as straightforward. Owing to the complex interactions between the sensor and the surrounding material, the relationship between the sensor output and the parameters of interest, namely the strain and temperature inside the material, cannot be determined by simple tests. And without the appropriate relationships, fiber optic sensors do not provide meaningful information. In general, the relationship providing the bridge between the sensor output and the engineering values of strain and temperature must be established via analytical models. The major aim of this book is to present such models for extrinsic and intrinsic Fabry-Perot sensors and for Bragg grating sensors embedded in or mounted on the surface of isotropic or anisotropic solids or immersed in fluids. The scope of the book is limited to the theory of fiber optic strain and temperature sensors. Accordingly, we have taken as our starting point the demodulated sensor signals. The hardware needed to produce these signals is not discussed. It is presumed that the reader is familiar with and has access to the sensor, light source, light detector and demodulator required for generating signals which can then be analyzed and interpreted by the methods presented in the book. The problem necessitates complex analytical developments. To assist the reader, the significant results are summarized in tables, and numerical examples are given illustrating the calculation procedures.Table of ContentsPreface. List of Symbols. I. SENSOR STRAINS AND TEMPERATURE. Introduction. Stresses and strains in the material. Stresses and strains in the sensor. Anisotropic uncoated sensor in a generally anisotropic material. Orthotropic uncoated sensor in an orthotropic material. Transversely isotropic uncoated sensor in a transversely isotropic material. Transversely isotropic uncoated sensor in an isotropic material. Isotropic uncoated sensor in a transversely isotropic material. Isotropic uncoated sensor in an isotropic material. Sensors not embedded in a solid. Effects of the coating. Summary of results. II. OPTICAL AND GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE SENSOR. Introduction. Optical properties of the sensor. Geometric properties of the sensor. Summary of results. III. SENSOR OUTPUT. Introduction. Fabry-Perot sensor output in terms of the sensor optical and geometric properties. Fabry-Perot sensor output in terms of the sensor strains and temperature. Fabry-Perot sensor output in terms of the farfield strains and temperature. Bragg sensor output in terms of the sensor optical and geometric properties. Bragg sensor output in terms of the sensor strains and temperature. Bragg sensor output in terms of the farfield strains and temperature. IV. DEMODULATION. Introduction. Geoptic strain. Demodulation. Geoptic strain in terms of the farfield strains and temperature. V. STRAIN AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT. Introduction. Measurements of the farfield strains and temperature with seven sensors. Measurement of the farfield strains and temperature with n sensors. SELECTION AND CALIBRATION. Introduction. Sensor selection. Sensor Properties. VII. COMPUTER CODE. Appendices.
£999.99
Taylor & Francis Inc Processing of High-Temperature Superconductors at
Book SynopsisThe discovery of high-temperature superconductivity [1986] by Bendnorz and Müller in the La-BA-Cu-O system resulted in very extensive research work about the discovery and synthesis of other high-temperature superconductors, such as Y-BA-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O. These new superconducting materials, possessing superconductivity above liquid nitrogen boiling point, are used in many engineering applications, from electronic sensors to rotating electrical generators and from nanometer-scale thin films to kilometer-long wires and coils. Therefore, design and net-shape manufacturing of superconducting components, starting from the initial synthesized powders, is now of utmost industrial importance.This book is primarily focused on the bulk-fabrication techniques of high-temperature ceramic superconducting components, especially on the combination of dynamic powder-consolidation and subsequent deformation processing. The properties of these ceramics, which are difficult-to-form materials by applying conventional techniques, are combined for the net-shape manufacturing of such components for the construction of HTS devices. However, very important topics such as superconducting structures, chemical synthesis, film fabrication and characterization techniques are also reviewed to provide a complete, comprehensive view of superconductors engineering.Table of ContentsForeword, Bernard Raveau, CRISMAT Laboratory, France. Preface. Introduction. Fundamentals of Superconductors. Synthesis of Ceramic Superconductors. Impact Loading of Solid Porous Media. Fabrication of Bulk HTS. Fabrication of HTS Films. Characterization of HTS Powders and Components. Industrial Applications. Future Perspectives of High-Tc Superconductivity.
£171.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Graphics Tools---The jgt Editors' Choice
Book SynopsisComputer Graphics professionals can now find in one volume a collection of 32 "gems" chosen by the editors of the journal of graphics tools, one of the leading publications in the field. These selected papers provide practical ideas and techniques that solve real problems in the areas of - Math & Programming Techniques - Polygon Techniques - Simulation and Collision Detection - Ray Tracing - Rendering and Shadowing - Sampling and Shading - Image Processing Supplementary material in the form of updates on techniques presented, extensions to the original idea, and comments on the impact of the original publication have been provided by many of the authors.Trade ReviewGuess we are not going to get by with a plucky attitude and an attractive set of colored pencils anymore. In this collection of articles from the journal of graphics tools we can find out why... -SciTech Book News, December 2005Table of ContentsI: Math and Programming Techniques 1. Simple and Efficient Traversal Methods for Quadtrees and Octrees 2. Building an Orthonormal Basis from a Unit Vector 3. Efficiently Building a Matrix to Rotate One Vector to Another 4. Fast Projected Area Computation for Three-Dimensional Bounding Boxes 5. Computing a View Frustum to Maximize an Object’s Image Area 6. Fast and Accurate Parametric Curve Length Computation II: Polygon Techniques 7. Generalized Barycentric Coordinates on Irregular Polygons 8. Computing Vertex Normals from Polygonal Facets 9. Weights for Computing Vertex Normals from Facet Normals 10. Fast Polygon Area and Newell Normal Computation 11. Triangulating Convex Polygons Having T-Vertices 12. Fast Normal Map Generation for Simplified Meshes III: Simulation and Collision Detection 13. Fast and Accurate Computation of Polyhedral Mass Properties 14. Efficient Collision Detection of Complex Deformable Models using AABB Trees 15. Fast and Robust Triangle-Triangle Overlap Test Using Orientation Predicates 16. A Simple Fluid Solver Based on the FFT IV: Ray Tracing 17. Efficiency Issues for Ray Tracing 18. Fast, Minimum Storage Ray-Triangle Intersection 19. Simple Nested Dielectrics in Ray Traced Images 20. V: Rendering and Shadowing 21. A Shaft Culling Tool 22. Soft Planar Shadows Using Plateaus 23. Practical Shadow Mapping 24. Optimized Shadow Mapping Using the Stencil Buffer 25. Faster Photon Map Global Illumination VI: Sampling and Shading 26. Sampling with Hammersley and Halton Points 27. A Low Distortion Map between Disk and Square 28. Generalized Stratified Sampling Using the Hilbert Curve 29. Generating Random Points in a Tetrahedron 30. An RGB-to-Spectrum Conversion for Reflectances 31. An Anisotropic Phong BRDF Model VII: Image Processing 32. A Spatial Post-Processing Algorithm for Images of Night Scenes 33. Fast, Robust Image Registration for Compositing High Dynamic Range Photographs from Hand-Held Exposures
£999.99
Taylor & Francis Inc Handbook of Semiconductor Interconnection
Book SynopsisFirst introduced about a decade ago, the first edition of the Handbook of Semiconductor Interconnection Technology became widely popular for its thorough, integrated treatment of interconnect technologies and its forward-looking perspective. The field has grown tremendously in the interim and many of the "likely directions" outlined in the first edition are now standard in modern facilities. Reflecting those advances, this edition delves into the practical aspects of interconnections for manufacturing. It examines the interconnect and fabrication technologies now available, with an examination of future prospects for the field.What's in this Edition:Detailed discussion of electrochemical equipment for plating copper Information on tools used for evaporation, chemical vapor deposition, and plasma processes Emphasis on measurement of mechanical and thermal properties of insulators Methods for characterizing porous dielectric thin films Greater focus on integration issues and properties of titanium, cobalt, and nickel silicides Process schemes based on the increased need for borderless contact gates and source/drain Expanded discussion on choices for low-dielectric insulators Concentration on electroplated copper, especially morphology of plated films and their properties Developments in thin film liners and barriers Expanded material on copper reliability Table of ContentsMethods/Principles of Deposition and Etching; Geraldine Cogin Schwartz. Characterization; Geraldine Cogin Schwartz. Semiconductor Contact Technology; David R. Campbell, revised by Catherine Ivers. Interlevel Dielectrics; Geraldine Cogin Schwartz and K.V. Sriksrishnan. Metallization; Geraldine Cogin CSchwartz and K.V. Srikrishnan. Chip Integration; Geraldine Cogin Schwartz and K.V. Srikrishnan. Reliability; James R. Lloyd and Kenneth P. Rodbell. Index.
£200.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Foundations of Wavelet Networks and Applications
Book SynopsisTraditionally, neural networks and wavelet theory have been two separate disciplines, taught separately and practiced separately. In recent years the offspring of wavelet theory and neural networks-wavelet networks-have emerged and grown vigorously both in research and applications. Yet the material needed to learn or teach wavelet networks has remained scattered in various research monographs.Foundations of Wavelet Networks and Applications unites these two fields in a comprehensive, integrated presentation of wavelets and neural networks. It begins by building a foundation, including the necessary mathematics. A transitional chapter on recurrent learning then leads to an in-depth look at wavelet networks in practice, examining important applications that include using wavelets as stock market trading advisors, as classifiers in electroencephalographic drug detection, and as predictors of chaotic time series. The final chapter explores concept learning and approximation by wavelet networks.The potential of wavelet networks in engineering, economics, and social science applications is rich and still growing. Foundations of Wavelet Networks and Applications prepares and inspires its readers not only to help ensure that potential is achieved, but also to open new frontiers in research and applications.Trade Review"This book reviews both the theory of some kinds of wavelet networks and a number of applications … . The book is self-contained, as it contains both some mathematical preliminaries and a review of fundamentals about wavelets as well as neural networks. Moreover, at the end of each chapter it contains a number of exercises useful to help the reader to verify the degree of his/her understanding … . The book is highly recommended to all those looking for new methods in neural networks devoted to signal analysis." - Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2005dTable of ContentsPART A: Mathematical Preliminaries. Wavelets. Neural Networks. Wavelet Networks. PART B: Recurrent Learning. Separating Order from Disorder. Radial Wavelet Neural Networks. Predicting Chaotic Time Series. Concept Learning. Bibliography. Index.
£130.06
Taylor & Francis Inc Multivariate Bayesian Statistics: Models for
Book SynopsisOf the two primary approaches to the classic source separation problem, only one does not impose potentially unreasonable model and likelihood constraints: the Bayesian statistical approach. Bayesian methods incorporate the available information regarding the model parameters and not only allow estimation of the sources and mixing coefficients, but also allow inferences to be drawn from them.Multivariate Bayesian Statistics: Models for Source Separation and Signal Unmixing offers a thorough, self-contained treatment of the source separation problem. After an introduction to the problem using the "cocktail-party" analogy, Part I provides the statistical background needed for the Bayesian source separation model. Part II considers the instantaneous constant mixing models, where the observed vectors and unobserved sources are independent over time but allowed to be dependent within each vector. Part III details more general models in which sources can be delayed, mixing coefficients can change over time, and observation and source vectors can be correlated over time. For each model discussed, the author gives two distinct ways to estimate the parameters.Real-world source separation problems, encountered in disciplines from engineering and computer science to economics and image processing, are more difficult than they appear. This book furnishes the fundamental statistical material and up-to-date research results that enable readers to understand and apply Bayesian methods to help solve the many "cocktail party" problems they may confront in practice.Table of ContentsFUNDAMENTALS: Statistical Distributions. Introductory Bayesian Statistics. Prior Distribution. Hyperparameter Assessment. Bayesian Estimation Methods. MODELS: Introduction. Bayesian Regression. Bayesian Factor Analysis. Bayesian Source Separation. Unobservable and Observable Sources. fMRI Case Study. GENERALIZATIONS: Delayed sources and Dynamic Coefficients. Correlated Observation and Source Vectors. fMRI Case Study. APPENDICES: Activation Determination. fMRI Hyperparameter Assessment.
£142.50
Taylor & Francis Inc Scalable and Secure Internet Services and
Book SynopsisScalable and Secure Internet Services and Architecture provides an in-depth analysis of many key scaling technologies. Topics include: server clusters and load balancing; QoS-aware resource management; server capacity planning; Web caching and prefetching; P2P overlay network; mobile code and security; and mobility support for adaptive grid computing. The author discusses each topic by first defining a problem, then reviewing current representative approaches for solving it. He then describes in detail the underlying principles of the technologies and the application of these principles, along with balanced coverage of concepts and engineering trade-offs. The book demonstrates the effectiveness of the technologies via rigorous mathematical modeling and analysis, simulation, and practical implementations. It blends technologies in a unified framework for scalable and secure Internet services, delivering a systematic treatment based upon the author's cutting-edge research experience. This volume describes in breadth and depth advanced scaling technologies that support media streaming, e-commerce, grid computing, personalized content delivery, distributed file sharing, network management, and other Internet applications.Table of ContentsInternet services. Network load balancing. Load balancing on streaming server clusters. Quality of service - Aware resource management on Internet servers. Service differentiation on streaming servers. Service differentiation on e-commerce servers. Feedback control for proportional slowdown differentiation. Decay function model for server capacity planning. Scalable constant-degree peer-to-peer overlay networks. Semantic prefetching of Web contents. Mobile code security. Naplet: A mobile agent approach. Itinerary safety reasoning and assurance. Security measures for server protection. Connection migration in mobile agents. Mobility support for adaptive grid computing. Service migration in reconfigurable distributed virtual machines. Mobility decision for reconfigurable distributed virtual machines.
£152.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Introduction to non-Kerr Law Optical Solitons
Book SynopsisDespite remarkable developments in the field, a detailed treatment of non-Kerr law media has not been published. Introduction to non-Kerr Law Optical Solitons is the first book devoted exclusively to optical soliton propagation in media that possesses non-Kerr law nonlinearities.After an introduction to the basic features of fiber-optic communications, the book outlines the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), conserved quantities, and adiabatic dynamics of soliton parameters. It then derives the NLSE for Kerr law nonlinearity from basic principles, the inverse scattering transform, and the 1-soliton solution. The book also explains the variational principle and Lie transform. In each case of non-Kerr law solitons, the authors develop soliton dynamics, evaluated integrals of motion, and adiabatic dynamics of soliton parameters based on multiple-scale perturbation theory. The book explores intra-channel collision of optical solitons in both Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian type perturbations. In addition, it examines the stochastic perturbation of optical solitons, the corresponding Langevin equations, and optical couplers, followed by an introduction to optical bullets.Establishing a basis in an important yet insufficiently documented subject, Introduction to non-Kerr Law Optical Solitons will help fuel advances in optical communication systems.Table of ContentsIntroduction. The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. Kerr Law Nonlinearity. Power Law Nonlinearity. Parabolic Law Nonlinearity. Dual-Power Law Nonlinearity. Saturable Law Nonlinearity. Soliton-Soliton Interaction. Stochastic Perturbation.Optical Couplers. Optical Bullets. Epilogue. Hints and Solutions. Bibliography. Index.
£109.25
Taylor & Francis Inc Energy Efficient Hardware-Software Co-Synthesis
Book SynopsisRapid energy estimation for energy efficient applications using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) remains a challenging research topic. Energy dissipation and efficiency have prevented the widespread use of FPGA devices in embedded systems, where energy efficiency is a key performance metric. Helping overcome these challenges, Energy Efficient Hardware-Software Co-Synthesis Using Reconfigurable Hardware offers solutions for the development of energy efficient applications using FPGAs.The book integrates various high-level abstractions for describing hardware and software platforms into a single, consistent application development framework, enabling users to construct, simulate, and debug systems. Based on these high-level concepts, it proposes an energy performance modeling technique to capture the energy dissipation behavior of both the reconfigurable hardware platform and the target applications running on it. The authors also present a dynamic programming-based algorithm to optimize the energy performance of an application running on a reconfigurable hardware platform. They then discuss an instruction-level energy estimation technique and a domain-specific modeling technique to provide rapid and fairly accurate energy estimation for hardware-software co-designs using reconfigurable hardware. The text concludes with example designs and illustrative examples that show how the proposed co-synthesis techniques lead to a significant amount of energy reduction.This book explores the advantages of using reconfigurable hardware for application development and looks ahead to future research directions in the field. It outlines the range of aspects and steps that lead to an energy efficient hardware-software application synthesis using FPGAs.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Reconfigurable Hardware. A High-Level Hardware-Software Application Development Framework. Energy Performance Modeling and Energy Efficient Mapping for a Class of Applications. High-Level Rapid Energy Estimation and Design Space Exploration. Hardware-Software Co-Design for Energy Efficient Implementations of Operating Systems. Concluding Remarks and Future Directions. References.
£190.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Multimedia Data Mining: A Systematic Introduction
Book SynopsisCollecting the latest developments in the field, Multimedia Data Mining: A Systematic Introduction to Concepts and Theory defines multimedia data mining, its theory, and its applications. Two of the most active researchers in multimedia data mining explore how this young area has rapidly developed in recent years.The book first discusses the theoretical foundations of multimedia data mining, presenting commonly used feature representation, knowledge representation, statistical learning, and soft computing techniques. It then provides application examples that showcase the great potential of multimedia data mining technologies. In this part, the authors show how to develop a semantic repository training method and a concept discovery method in an imagery database. They demonstrate how knowledge discovery helps achieve the goal of imagery annotation. The authors also describe an effective solution to large-scale video search, along with an application of audio data classification and categorization. This novel, self-contained book examines how the merging of multimedia and data mining research can promote the understanding and advance the development of knowledge discovery in multimedia data.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Theory and Techniques. Multimedia Data Mining Application Examples. References. Index.
£99.75
Taylor & Francis Inc Artificial Intelligence with Uncertainty
Book SynopsisThe information deluge currently assaulting us in the 21st century is having a profound impact on our lifestyles and how we work. We must constantly separate trustworthy and required information from the massive amount of data we encounter each day. Through mathematical theories, models, and experimental computations, Artificial Intelligence with Uncertainty explores the uncertainties of knowledge and intelligence that occur during the cognitive processes of human beings. The authors focus on the importance of natural language-the carrier of knowledge and intelligence-for artificial intelligence (AI) study.This book develops a framework that shows how uncertainty in AI expands and generalizes traditional AI. It describes the cloud model, its uncertainties of randomness and fuzziness, and the correlation between them. The book also centers on other physical methods for data mining, such as the data field and knowledge discovery state space. In addition, it presents an inverted pendulum example to discuss reasoning and control with uncertain knowledge as well as provides a cognitive physics model to visualize human thinking with hierarchy.With in-depth discussions on the fundamentals, methodologies, and uncertainties in AI, this book explains and simulates human thinking, leading to a better understanding of cognitive processes.Trade Review"There are many good examples included in the book . . . clearly written from an AI and computer science perspective." – Thomas Studer, in Zentralblatt Math, 2009Table of ContentsPreface. The 50-Year History of Artificial Intelligence. Methodologies of AI. On Uncertainties of Knowledge. Mathematical Foundation of AI with Uncertainty. Qualitative and Quantitative Transform Model-Cloud Model. Discovering Knowledge with Uncertainty through Methodologies in Physics. Data Mining for Discovering Knowledge with Uncertainty. Reasoning and Control of Qualitative Knowledge. A New Direction of AI with Uncertainty. Index.
£109.25
Morgan & Claypool Publishers The Structure and Properties of Color Spaces and
Book SynopsisThis lecture describes the author's approach to the representation of color spaces and their use for color image processing. The lecture starts with a precise formulation of the space of physical stimuli (light). The model includes both continuous spectra and monochromatic spectra in the form of Dirac deltas. The spectral densities are considered to be functions of a continuous wavelength variable. This leads into the formulation of color space as a three-dimensional vector space, with all the associated structure. The approach is to start with the axioms of color matching for normal human viewers, often called Grassmann's laws, and developing the resulting vector space formulation. However, once the essential defining element of this vector space is identified, it can be extended to other color spaces, perhaps for different creatures and devices, and dimensions other than three. The CIE spaces are presented as main examples of color spaces. Many properties of the color space are examined.Once the vector space formulation is established, various useful decompositions of the space can be established. The first such decomposition is based on luminance, a measure of the relative brightness of a color. This leads to a direct-sum decomposition of color space where a two-dimensional subspace identifies the chromatic attribute, and a third coordinate provides the luminance. A different decomposition involving a projective space of chromaticity classes is then presented. Finally, it is shown how the three types of color deficiencies present in some groups of humans leads to a direct-sum decomposition of three one-dimensional subspaces that are associated with the three types of cone photoreceptors in the human retina. Next, a few specific linear and nonlinear color representations are presented. The color spaces of two digital cameras are also described. Then the issue of transformations between different color spaces is addressed.Finally, these ideas are applied to signal and system theory for color images. This is done using a vector signal approach where a general linear system is represented by a three-by-three system matrix. The formulation is applied to both continuous and discrete space images, and specific problems in color filter array sampling and displays are presented for illustration.The book is mainly targeted to researchers and graduate students in fields of signal processing related to any aspect of color imaging.Table of Contents Introduction Light: The Physical Color Stimulus The Color Vector Space Subspaces and Decompositions of the Human Color Space Various Color Spaces, Representations, and Transformations Signals and Systems Theory Concluding Remarks
£32.96
Elsevier Science Developments and Innovation in Carbon Dioxide CO2
Book Synopsis
£999.99
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials for Energy
Book SynopsisThe major topical and societal issues of energy transition and environmental conservation have benefited from the contribution of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials. Nanomaterials, including carbon-based newcomers, have helped to improve in particular the performance of energy storage and conversion devices. Some of these nanomaterials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds and carbon dots, were discovered well before the 2000s. Others are more recent, including graphene (the leading material of the 21st century) as well as many mineral materials developed at the nano scale: atomic clusters, metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, two-dimensional inorganic materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and luminescent quantum dots. All of these are involved in the realization of devices for energy purposes. Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials for Energy provides a critical analysis of the latest work in the fields of batteries, photovoltaics, fuel cells and catalysis as well as lighting, with the advent of light-emitting diodes.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Part 1 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies 1 Chapter 1 Carbon-based Nanomaterials 3 1.1 Fullerenes 4 1.1.1 Properties of fullerenes 5 1.2 Carbon nanodiamonds 11 1.2.1 Principal techniques used in creating nanodiamonds 11 1.2.2 Key properties of nanodiamonds 13 1.3 Carbon dots or carbon quantum dots 16 1.3.1 CQD production methods 16 1.3.2 Fluorescence properties of CQDs 18 1.3.3 CQD applications 21 1.4 Carbon nanotubes 21 1.4.1 Chirality of carbon nanotubes 24 1.4.2 Mechanistic models of CNT growth 26 1.4.3 CNT arrays aligned horizontally or perpendicularly to a planar substrate 31 1.4.4 Key properties and applications of CNTs 34 1.4.5 Conclusion 37 1.5 Graphene 37 1.5.1 Electrical properties of exfoliated graphene 38 1.5.2 Graphene production techniques 41 1.5.3 Applications of graphene and graphene derivatives 51 1.5.4 Conclusion 62 1.6 Graphene quantum dots 63 1.6.1 GQD production methods 63 1.6.2 Properties and applications of GQDs 66 1.6.3 Graphdiyne: a new alternative to graphene 72 1.7 Conclusions and perspectives of carbon-based nanomaterials 77 Chapter 2 Inorganic Nanomaterials 79 2.1 Metallic nanoparticles 80 2.1.1 Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) 81 2.1.2 Core-shell type bimetallic nanoparticles 83 2.2 Metal nanoclusters 87 2.2.1 Production methods for gold nanoclusters 88 2.2.2 Structure and stability criteria of Au NC 90 2.2.3 Luminescence properties of Au NCs 91 2.2.4 Applications using the luminescent properties of Au NCs 95 2.2.5 Conclusion 97 2.3 Semiconductor quantum dots 97 2.3.1 Development of colloidal QDs 98 2.4 Two-dimensional inorganic lamellar nanosheets 103 2.4.1 Transition metal dichalcogenides 104 2.4.2 Conclusion 113 2.5 Hybrid metal-organic frameworks 113 2.5.1 MOF production 113 2.5.2 Potential applications of MOFs 119 2.5.3 Conclusions 128 2.6 Conclusions on inorganic nanomaterials 129 Part 2 Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials for Energy 131 Chapter 3 Energy Storage 133 3.1 Worldwide energy use 133 3.2 Energy storage systems 135 3.2.1 Non-chemical/electrochemical storage 135 3.2.2 Chemical and electrochemical storage systems 136 3.2.3 Rechargeable batteries 139 3.2.4 Supercapacitors 184 3.2.5 Pseudocapacitors 189 3.3 Conclusions on energy storage 193 Chapter 4 Energy Conversion 195 4.1 Photovoltaics 196 4.1.1 General principles of the photovoltaic process 197 4.1.2 Photovoltaic technologies 200 4.2 Electroluminescence, lighting and display 225 4.2.1 Inorganic light-emitting diodes 226 4.2.2 Organic light-emitting diodes 233 4.2.3 QDot light-emitting diodes 244 4.3 Conclusions on energy conversion 249 Chapter 5 Electro- and Photocatalysis 251 5.1 Water splitting 252 5.2 Electrolysis techniques 253 5.3 HER and OER processes in water splitting 257 5.3.1 HER in an acidic medium 257 5.3.2 HER in alkaline media 274 5.3.3 Conclusions on HER reactions 279 5.3.4 Catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction 279 5.4 Photoelectrochemical water splitting 294 5.4.1 Heterogeneous photocatalysts 297 5.4.2 Photocatalytic systems with two SC heterojunctions 298 5.4.3 Conclusions 302 5.5 Fuel cells 302 5.5.1 Operating principle of a fuel cell 303 5.5.2 Choice of O 2 reduction catalysts 306 5.5.3 Conclusions on electrocatalysis and photocatalysis 310 Conclusion 313 References 317 Index 359
£124.15
Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd Electricity Network Regulation in the EU: The
Book SynopsisThe UK model of incentive regulation of power grids was at one time the most advanced, and elements of it were adopted throughout the EU. This model worked well, particularly in the context of limited investment and innovation, a single and strong regulatory authority, and limited coordination between foreign grid operators. This enlightening book demonstrates how the landscape has changed markedly since 2010 and that regulation has had to work hard to catch up and evolve. As the EU enters a wave of investment and an era of new services and innovation, this has created growing tensions between national regulatory authorities in terms of coordinating technical standards and distribution systems. This is being played out against an increasingly disruptive backdrop of digitization, new market platforms and novel business models. Electricity Network Regulation in the EU adopts a truly European approach to the complex issues surrounding the topic, focusing on the grey areas and critical questions that have traditionally been difficult to answer. Incentive regulation and grids are addressed simultaneously at the theoretical and practical level, providing the reader with fundamental concepts and concrete examples. This timely book is an invaluable read for energy practitioners working in utility companies, regulators and other public bodies. It will also appeal to academics involved in the world of electricity regulation. The book utilizes language that would make it suitable for interdisciplinary students, including engineering and law scholars.Contributors include: P. Bhagwat, J.-M. Glachant, S.Y. Hadush, L. Meeus, V. Rious, N. Rossetto, T. SchittekatteTrade Review'No one will today argue the fact our European Energy System is at a critical tipping point of transformation to enable the expected massive penetration of competitive renewables - largely distributed - while leveraging new citizen engagements towards climate objectives. In that context it has become critical to think ''outside the box'' when it comes to future market design and regulation, for which this book offers a unique perspective of current challenges and obstacles while providing strategic directions for the next regulatory innovations.' --Laurent Schmitt, Secretary General at ENTSO-E, BelgiumTable of ContentsContents Introduction Part 1 Incentive Regulation: aligning the interests of the operators with the interests of their customers 1. The British reference model Vincent Rious and Nicolò Rossetto 2. Continental incentive regulation Vincent Rious and Nicolò Rossetto Part 2 Seams issues: one market, one system, but many operators and authorities 3. TSO-TSO seams issues Jean-Michel Glachant 4. DSO-TSO seams issues Leonardo Meeus and Samson Yemane Hadush Part 3 Grey areas: the border between the market and the grid 5. Classical grey areas since the start of the internal market Leonardo Meeus and Pradyumna Bhagwat 6. New grey areas at the frontiers of European power grids Leonardo Meeus and Tim Schittekatte Index
£89.00
James Currey Electricity in Africa: The Politics of
Book SynopsisExamines the history of electricity provision in Africa and the effects of privatization and infrastructure changes in energy transformation, offering a critical window into development politics in African states. No country has managed to develop beyond a subsistence economy without ensuring at least minimum access to electricity for the majority of its population. Yet many sub-Saharan African countries struggle to meet demand. Why is this, and what can be done to reduce energy poverty and further Africa's development? Examining the politics and processes surrounding electricity infrastructure, provision and reform, the author provides an overview of historical andcontemporary debates about access in the sub-continent, and explores the shifting role and influence of national governments and of multilateral agencies in energy reform decisions. He describes a challenging political environment for electricity supply, with African governments becoming increasingly frustrated with the rules and the processes of multilateral donors. Civil society also began to question reform choices, and governments in turn looked to new development partners, such as China, to chart a fresh path of energy transformation. Drawing on over fifteen years of research on Uganda, which has one of the lowest levels of access to electricity in Africa and has struggled to construct several, large hydroelectric dams on the Nile, Gore argues that there is a critical need to recognize how the changing political and social context in African countries, and globally, has affected the capacity tofulfil national energy goals, minimize energy poverty and transform economies. Christopher Gore is Associate Professor, Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada. OA EDITION This book has been made available as Open Access through the support of the Office of the Dean, Faculty of Arts, Ryerson University; Ryerson International; and the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University.Trade Review... should appeal to scholars not only of energy and electricity policy but also of socio-technical transitions and African studies. What is particularly impressive is the attention to the micro-politics of electricity sector reform processes in Uganda whilst drawing on an impressively eclectic range of theoretical resources. -- Peter Newell, Professor of International Relations, University of SussexChristopher Gore's lively new book, Electricity in Africa, is an excellent case study of one of the continent's most pressing issues: energy availability and consumption. Based on over a decade and a half of research and interviews, Electricity in Africa, part of the praiseworthy African Issues series, reveals the emerging scholarship of energy studies in East Africa, focusing on Uganda because of its uniquely bleak energy situation. Despite its increasing population, Uganda has suffered from one of the lowest levels of electricity access in Africa, and Gore provides a thorough examination of how and why this has occurred. * JOURNAL OF GLOBAL SOUTH STUDIES *Electricity in Africa helps us understand the complexity of electricity sector reforms. Gore has interacted with many of the key stakeholders in government and in the development community and has a deep understanding of the specifics of the sector as well as of its history and the Uganda context. * COMMONWEALTH & COMPARATIVE POLITICS *Christopher Gore's book is a good step in the direction of the desired continental synthesis of two decades of political economy in relation to electricity in African countries. [.] Gore's emphasis on transformation brings fresh air to the discussion. * AFRICA *Table of ContentsIntroduction Electricity, Infrastructure and Dams in Africa The Politics of Provision: A History of Debate and Reform Privatization and Electricity Sector Reform Dam-building and Electricity in Contemporary Uganda Electricity and the Politics of Transformation
£23.82
James Currey Electricity in Africa: The Politics of
Book SynopsisExamines the history of electricity provision in Africa and the effects of privatization and infrastructure changes in energy transformation, offering a critical window into development politics in African states. No country has managed to develop beyond a subsistence economy without ensuring at least minimum access to electricity for the majority of its population. Yet many sub-Saharan African countries struggle to meet demand. Why is this, and what can be done to reduce energy poverty and further Africa's development? Examining the politics and processes surrounding electricity infrastructure, provision and reform, the author provides an overview of historical andcontemporary debates about access in the sub-continent, and explores the shifting role and influence of national governments and of multilateral agencies in energy reform decisions. He describes a challenging political environment for electricity supply, with African governments becoming increasingly frustrated with the rules and the processes of multilateral donors. Civil society also began to question reform choices, and governments in turn looked to new development partners, such as China, to chart a fresh path of energy transformation. Drawing on over fifteen years of research on Uganda, which has one of the lowest levels of access to electricity in Africa and has struggled to construct several, large hydroelectric dams on the Nile, Gore argues that there is a critical need to recognize how the changing political and social context in African countries, and globally, has affected the capacity tofulfil national energy goals, minimize energy poverty and transform economies. Christopher Gore is Associate Professor, Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada. OA EDITION This book has been made available as Open Access through the support of the Office of the Dean, Faculty of Arts, Ryerson University; Ryerson International; and the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Ryerson University.Trade Review... should appeal to scholars not only of energy and electricity policy but also of socio-technical transitions and African studies. What is particularly impressive is the attention to the micro-politics of electricity sector reform processes in Uganda whilst drawing on an impressively eclectic range of theoretical resources. -- Peter Newell, Professor of International Relations, University of SussexChristopher Gore's lively new book, Electricity in Africa, is an excellent case study of one of the continent's most pressing issues: energy availability and consumption. Based on over a decade and a half of research and interviews, Electricity in Africa, part of the praiseworthy African Issues series, reveals the emerging scholarship of energy studies in East Africa, focusing on Uganda because of its uniquely bleak energy situation. Despite its increasing population, Uganda has suffered from one of the lowest levels of electricity access in Africa, and Gore provides a thorough examination of how and why this has occurred. * JOURNAL OF GLOBAL SOUTH STUDIES *Electricity in Africa helps us understand the complexity of electricity sector reforms. Gore has interacted with many of the key stakeholders in government and in the development community and has a deep understanding of the specifics of the sector as well as of its history and the Uganda context. * COMMONWEALTH & COMPARATIVE POLITICS *Christopher Gore's book is a good step in the direction of the desired continental synthesis of two decades of political economy in relation to electricity in African countries. [.] Gore's emphasis on transformation brings fresh air to the discussion. * AFRICA *Table of ContentsIntroduction Electricity, Infrastructure and Dams in Africa The Politics of Provision: A History of Debate and Reform Privatization and Electricity Sector Reform Dam-building and Electricity in Contemporary Uganda Electricity and the Politics of Transformation
£66.50
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Electric Power Systems
Book SynopsisThe creation of a European liberalized electricity internal market and EU commitments for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (Kyoto Protocol) and for the use of renewable energy generation technologies induce new important constraints and problems on the electric power systems in Europe. This then creates the need for more research and development to engage with these new challenges in order to preserve the reliability of these systems. This book aims to provide advanced tools, covering major aspects, for people involved with such research and development. Split into two parts (the first covering the operation and control of electric power systems and the second the stability and defence of electric power systems), this book gathers together contributions from numerous well-known European specialists in academia and the electrical industry and will be an illuminating read for those involved in this field or who have some knowledge of the fundamental notions.Table of ContentsPreface 1 Chapter 1. General Aspects of the Control, Regulation and Security of the Energy Network in Alternating Current 5 Noël JANSSENS and Jacques TRECAT 1.1. Introduction 5 1.1.1. History 5 1.1.2. Network architecture 6 1.2. Power flow calculation and state estimation 7 1.2.1. Introduction 7 1.2.2. Modeling the components of the network 7 1.2.3. Power flow calculation 9 1.2.4. State estimation 11 1.3. Planning and operation criteria 13 1.3.1. Introduction 13 1.3.2. Power generation units 14 1.3.3. Transmission network 15 1.3.4. Electrical power distribution system 17 1.4. Frequency and power adjustments 18 1.4.1. Objectives and classification of the adjustments 18 1.4.2. Primary regulation 20 1.4.3. Secondary regulation 22 1.4.4. Tertiary regulation 23 1.4.5. Generating unit schedule 24 1.4.6. Load management 25 1.5. Voltage regulation 25 1.5.1. Case of short lines 26 1.5.2. Case of the line with capacity 28 1.5.3. Traditional methods of reactive energy compensation and voltage regulation 31 1.6. Bibliography 35 Chapter 2. Evolution of European Electric Power Systems in the Face of New Constraints: Impact of Decentralized Generation 37 Michel CRAPPE 2.1. Introduction: a new paradigm 37 2.2. Structure of modern electric transmission and distribution networks 38 2.2.1. Modern transmission networks 38 2.2.2. Electrical distribution networks 42 2.3. Recent development in the European networks and new constraints 43 2.3.1. Deregulation of the electricity market in accordance with European directives 44 2.3.2. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the generation of electrical energy 45 2.3.3. Generation of electricity using renewable energy sources 46 2.3.4. Energy dependency of the European Union 46 2.4. The specific characteristics of electrical energy 47 2.4.1. Storage and production/consumption balance 48 2.4.2. Laws of physics on flow of energy 49 2.4.3. Strategic role of electrical energy 51 2.4.4. Voltage regulation in the electrical transmission and distribution networks 51 2.4.5. Ancillary services 52 2.5. Decentralized power generation 52 2.5.1. Definition 52 2.5.2. Decentralized power generation techniques in Europe, potential and costs 54 2.5.3. Decentralized power generation and CO2 emissions, indirect emissions from so-called “zero emission” power plants 72 2.5.4. Decentralized production and ancillary services 74 2.6. Specific problems in integrating decentralized production in the networks 78 2.6.1. Connection conditions 78 2.6.2. Influence on the design of the HV/MV stations 79 2.6.3. Influence on the protection of the distribution networks 80 2.6.4. Stability problems 82 2.6.5. Influence on the voltage plan 83 2.6.6. Impacts on transmission networks 85 2.6.7. Harmonic disturbances 86 2.7. New requirements in research and development 86 2.7.1. Technical domain 87 2.7.2. Economics 91 2.8. Conclusion: a challenge and an opportunity for development for the electrical sector 92 2.9. Bibliography 92 Chapter 3. Planning Methods for Generation and Transmission of Electrical Energy 95 Jean-Marie DELINCÉ 3.1. Introduction 95 3.1.1. Generation functions 96 3.1.2. Functions of a transmission network 96 3.2. Planning in integrated systems and in a regulated market 97 3.2.1. Generation planning 98 3.2.2. Transmission network planning 103 3.3. Generation planning in a deregulated market 111 3.4. Establishing a development plan of the transmission network 114 3.4.1. Reasons for investment 114 3.4.2. Constraints and uncertainties 115 3.4.3. Planning criteria 118 3.4.4. Elaboration of the development plan 121 3.5. Final observations 125 3.6. Bibliography 125 Chapter 4. Power Quality 127 Alain ROBERT 4.1. Introduction 127 4.1.1. Disturbances and power quality 127 4.1.2. Quality of electricity supply and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 128 4.2. Degradation of the voltage quality – disturbance phenomena 130 4.2.1. Frequency variations 130 4.2.2. Slow component of voltage variations 131 4.2.3. Voltage fluctuations – flicker 131 4.2.4. Voltage dips 131 4.2.5. Transients 132 4.2.6. Harmonics and interharmonics 134 4.2.7. Unbalance 135 4.2.8. Overall view of the disturbance phenomena 135 4.3. Basic concepts of standardization 136 4.4. Quality indices 139 4.4.1. Voltage continuity 139 4.4.2. Voltage quality 143 4.5. Evaluation of quality 146 4.5.1. Voltage continuity 146 4.5.2. Voltage quality 147 4.6. Connection of the disturbance facilities 148 4.6.1. Definition of the emission level of a disturbance facility 148 4.6.2. Concept of short circuit power 149 4.6.3. Determining the emission limits of a disturbance facility 151 4.6.4. Verification of the emission limits after commissioning 153 4.7. Controlling power quality 154 4.7.1. Voltage continuity 154 4.7.2. Voltage quality 156 4.8. Quality in a competitive market – role of the regulators 156 4.9. Bibliography 158 Chapter 5. Applications of Synchronized Phasor Measurements to Large Interconnected Electric Power Systems 161 Nouredine HADJSAID, Didier GEORGES and Aaron F. SNYDER 5.1. Introduction 161 5.2. Synchronized measurements 162 5.3. Applications of synchronized measurements 164 5.3.1. State estimation 164 5.3.2. Network supervision 165 5.3.3. Power system protection 166 5.3.4. Power system control 166 5.4. Application of synchronized measurements to damp power oscillations167 5.4.1. Power oscillations 167 5.4.2. Theory of PSS controllers 171 5.4.3. Controller tuning by residue compensation 172 5.4.4. Results 176 5.5. Conclusion 179 5.6. Bibliography 179 5.7. Appendices 182 Chapter 6. Voltage Instability 185 Thierry VAN CUTSEM 6.1. Introduction 185 6.2. Voltage instability phenomena 187 6.2.1. Maximum deliverable power for a load 187 6.2.2. PV and QV curves 188 6.2.3. Long-term voltage instability illustrated through a simple example 189 6.2.4. Load restoration 194 6.2.5. Classification of instabilities 196 6.3. Countermeasures for voltage instability 199 6.3.1. Compensation 199 6.3.2. Automatic devices and regulators 199 6.3.3. Operation planning 201 6.3.4. Real time 201 6.3.5. System protection schemes 201 6.4. Analysis methods of voltage stability and security 204 6.4.1. Contingency analysis 204 6.4.2. Determination of loadability limits 208 6.4.3. Determination of secure operation limits 210 6.4.4. Preventive control 213 6.5. Conclusion 214 6.6. Bibliography 215 Chapter 7. Transient Stability: Assessment and Control 219 Daniel RUIZ-VEGA and Mania PAVELLA 7.1. Introduction 219 7.2. Transient stability 220 7.2.1. Problem statement 220 7.2.2. Operating procedures 221 7.2.3. Deregulation of the electricity sector 223 7.3. Transient stability assessment methods: brief history 224 7.3.1. Conventional time domain approach: strengths and weaknesses 224 7.3.2. Direct approaches: a brief history 226 7.3.3. Note on automatic learning approaches 228 7.4. The SIME method 229 7.4.1. Origins 229 7.4.2. Formulation 230 7.4.3. Preventive SIME vs emergency SIME 235 7.5. Different descriptions of transient stability phenomena 236 7.6. The preventive SIME method 240 7.6.1. Stability limits 241 7.6.2. FILTRA: generic software for contingency filtering 243 7.6.3. Stabilization of contingencies (“control”) 245 7.6.4. Transient stability assessment and control: integrated software and example of application 247 7.6.5. Current status of the preventive SIME 252 7.7. Emergency SIME method 252 7.7.1. Aims 252 7.7.2. Origins 253 7.7.3. Estimation of time taken by the different tasks 256 7.7.4. Illustration 256 7.7.5. Note on corrective control in open loop 258 7.7.6. Conclusion 259 7.8. Bibliography 260 Chapter 8. Security of Large Electric Power Systems – Defense Plans – Numerical Simulation of Electromechanical Transients 263 Marc STUBBE and Jacques DEUSE 8.1. Introduction 263 8.2. Degradation mechanisms of network operation 264 8.2.1. The system 264 8.2.2. Continuity of supply 267 8.2.3. Degradation mechanisms 270 8.2.4. Unfavorable factors causing spread of the incident 275 8.3. Defense action and the notion of a defense plan 277 8.3.1. Frequency instability 277 8.3.2. Voltage instability 280 8.3.3. Loss of synchronism 281 8.3.4. Cascade tripping 281 8.3.5. Notion of defense plan 282 8.4. The extended electromechanical model 282 8.4.1. Definition, validity domain 282 8.4.2. Numerical simulation 284 8.4.3. Mathematic properties 285 8.4.4. Algorithmic properties 285 8.5. Examples of defense action study 292 8.5.1. Methodological considerations 292 8.5.2. Load shedding due to voltage criteria [DEU 97] 293 8.5.3. Islanding plan in case of loss of synchronism 304 8.5.4. Industrial networks 306 8.6. Future prospects 310 8.6.1. Evolution of simulation tools 313 8.6.2. Real-time curative action 313 8.6.3. Load actions 314 8.6.4. Decentralized production 315 8.7. Bibliography 315 Chapter 9. System Control by Power Electronics or Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems 317 Michel CRAPPE and Stéphanie DUPUIS 9.1. Introduction: direct current links and FACTS 317 9.2. General concepts of power transfer control 319 9.2.1. Introduction 319 9.2.2. Power transmission through reactance 320 9.2.3. Modification of reactance in link X 322 9.2.4. Modification of voltage and the segmentation method 324 9.2.5. Modification of the transmission angle 325 9.2.6. Comparison of three methods in a simple case 325 9.3. Control of power transits in the networks 326 9.3.1. Circulation of power in a meshed network: power loop concept 326 9.3.2. Modification of transits on parallel lines of a corridor 329 9.4. Classification of control systems according to the connection mode in the network 330 9.4.1. Series type controller 330 9.4.2. Parallel or shunt type controller 331 9.4.3. Compensators of series-series and series-shunt types 332 9.5. Improvement of alternator transient stability 333 9.5.1. Introduction to transient stability 333 9.5.2. Simplified study of transient stability by area criterion 334 9.5.3. Study of an application case 337 9.5.4. Improvement of transient stability by ideal shunt compensation 339 9.5.5. SVC type shunt compensator 341 9.5.6. Shunt compensation with SVG (static var generator) compensator 343 9.5.7. Series type compensation by modification of link reactance 344 9.5.8. Series type compensation by modification of the transmission angle 345 9.6. Damping of oscillations 346 9.7. Maintaining the voltage plan 346 9.8. Classification and existing applications of FACTS 347 9.8.1. Classic systems with thyristors 347 9.8.2. Systems with fully controllable elements 353 9.8.3. Glossary 359 9.9. Control and protection of FACTS 360 9.10. Modeling and numerical simulation 362 9.10.1. UPFC modeled by two voltage sources 362 9.10.2. UPFC modeled by a series voltage source and a shunt current source 363 9.10.3. UPFC modeled by two current sources 364 9.10.4. UPFC modeled by two power injections 365 9.10.5. Internal models of the UPFC 366 9.11. Future prospects 367 9.12. Bibliography 368 List of authors 371 Index 373
£190.76
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Power Systems and Restructuring
Book SynopsisThe development of electric power systems has been made up of incremental innovations from the end of the 19th century and throughout the 20th century. The creation of deregulated electricity markets has brought about an emerging paradigm in which the relationships between producers, power system operators and consumers have changed enormously compared to the monopolistic case. The scope of this book is to provide fundamental concepts of the physics and operation of transmission and distribution lines, which is the content of Part 1, followed by the models and tools for the description and simulation of large electrical grids for steady state and transient operation. These advanced tools allow the physics and technology of power systems to be described and the algorithms of Ybus and Zbus matrices to be built for various studies such as short-circuit studies and load flow or transient phenomena analysis. Part 3 deals with the new organization concepts in the frame of deregulated markets. In this part the restructuring of the power industry is presented where various actors interact together through market places or bilateral contracts. In addition, the operation of the power grids under this deregulated context is detailed and the relationships between power system operators and market actors (energy producers and providers, traders, etc.) is explained with several examples. The ancillary services, congestion management and grid access concepts are also described. A large number of exercises and problems disseminated throughout the book with solutions at the end enable the reader to check his understanding of the content at any time.Table of ContentsForeword xvii Introduction xix Part 1. Transmission Lines and Electric Power Networks 1 Chapter 1. The Two Paradigms of the World Electrical Power System 3 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. The historical paradigm 5 1.4. Distributed generation 15 Chapter 2. Production of Electrical Energy 17 Chapter 3. General Information on Electrical Power Networks 21 3.1. Transmission and distribution systems 21 3.2. Voltages 23 3.3. Power transfer 25 Chapter 4. Network Architecture 27 4.1. Network architecture: mesh or radial layout 27 4.2. Line and cable technologies 33 4.3. Network components 40 4.4. Short-circuit power 51 4.5. Real and reactive power in sinusoidal situations 55 Chapter 5. Operation of Electric Lines 59 5.1 Operational equations (physical phenomena) 59 5.2. Modeling of lines under steady-state conditions 75 5.3. Exercises 108 Chapter 6. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission 113 6.1. Advantages, disadvantages and fields of application 114 6.2. HVDC link between two points 115 6.3. Operating equations 123 Chapter 7. Three-phase Transmission Lines 127 7.1. Line characteristics 127 7.2. Equations of three-phase lines 134 7.3. Modes of propagation 136 7.4. Exercise No. 11: calculation of parameters of three-phase lines 147 Chapter 8. Electrical Transients in Transmission 149 8.1. Transient analysis using Laplace transform 150 8.2. Method of traveling waves 164 Part 2. Analysis Methods of Electrical Power Systems 173 Chapter 9. Functions of Electrical Energy Systems 175 9.1. Introduction 175 9.2. Hierarchy and representation of electrical power systems 179 Chapter 10. Network Representation 183 10.1. Graphical and topological description of a network 183 10.2. Network global modeling: the CIM model 186 10.3. Matrix representation of networks 187 Chapter 11. Formation of Network Matrices 207 11.1. Formation of the Ybus matrix 208 11.2. Formation of the Zbus matrix 210 11.3. Exercises 220 Chapter 12. Load Flow Calculations 223 12.1. Objectives 223 12.2. Model of network elements 224 12.3. Problem formulation 226 12.4. Solution methods 228 12.5. Software tools for load flow analysis 241 12.6. Principle of numerical iterative methods 241 12.7 Exercises 244 Chapter 13. Transient Analysis Methods 249 13.1. Interest in transient analysis 249 13.2. Transient network analyzer 251 13.3. The method of traveling waves 253 13.4. Conclusions 265 13.5. Exercises 266 Chapter 14. Fault Current Calculations 271 14.1. Definition 271 14.2. Effects of short-circuit conditions 271 14.3. Common causes of faults 272 14.4. Importance of short-circuit current calculations 273 14.5. Types of short circuits 273 14.6. Notion of short-circuit power 275 14.7. Polyphase balanced and unbalanced systems 276 14.8. Generalization of fault calculation in complex networks 296 14.9. Three-phase symmetrical fault current calculations 296 14.10. Symmetrical fault current: systematic approach 298 14.11. Expression of short-circuit current and short-circuit power 302 14.12. Asymmetrical fault current calculations 303 14.13 Exercises 319 Chapter 15. Stability Analysis of Power Systems 323 15.1. Objective 323 15.2. Introduction 323 15.3. Categories and classes of stability problems 324 15.4. The equation of motion 326 15.5. Simplified model of a synchronous machine 331 15.6. Power-angle considerations at steady state 333 15.7. Case of small perturbations 337 15.8. Transient stability 339 15.9. Application of equal-area criteria 343 15.10. Case of a multi-machine system 351 15.11 Exercise No. 22: stability and critical fault clearing time 352 Part 3. Management of Electricity Networks in a Competitive Environment 355 Chapter 16. Basic Electrical System 357 16.1. Introduction 357 16.2. Means of power generation 361 16.3. Transmission network 372 16.4. Distribution network 375 16.5. Consumption 377 16.6. System monitoring 381 16.7. Need for network interconnections 385 16.8. Conclusion 390 Chapter 17. Liberalization of Energy Markets 391 17.1. Introduction 391 17.2. Main electrical system features 393 17.3. Case prior to liberalization: monopoly regime 393 17.4. Liberalization of energy markets: reasons for change 396 17.5. Guidelines and regulations 399 17.6. Liberalization of energy markets: the concept of unbundling 401 17.7. Liberalization of energy markets: industrial movement 405 17.8. Liberalization of energy markets: different market segments and players 405 17.9. Conclusion 418 Chapter 18. Description and Models of Energy Markets 419 18.1. Introduction 419 18.2. Organized market model type 420 18.3. Bilateral market model 424 18.4. Other models 424 18.5. Different markets 427 18.6. Interaction and coupling of markets 430 18.7. Market adjustment 431 18.8. Responsibilities, different markets and interactions 433 18.9. Treatment of losses 433 18.10. Factors influencing prices and their variation 436 18.11. Conclusion 441 Chapter 19. Ancillary Services 443 19.1. Introduction 443 19.2. Some definitions 444 19.3. Frequency adjustment and control 445 19.4. Voltage control 451 19.5. System recovery 455 19.6. Management of ancillary services 455 19.7. Market-based mechanisms for ancillary services 456 19.8. Cost allocation of ancillary services 461 19.9. Example of cost of ancillary services 461 19.10. Conclusion 461 Chapter 20. Available Transmission Capability (ATC) 465 20.1. Introduction 465 20.2. Calculation of maximum power transfer capabilities 467 20.3. Directional aspects and time line in calculating ATC 474 20.4. Availability of information on ATC to market participants 475 20.5. Mechanisms for allocating cross-border capacities 476 20.6. Conclusion 477 Chapter 21. Congestion Management 479 21.1. Introduction 479 21.2. Congestion phenomenon in transmission networks 480 21.3. Factors influencing congestion 481 21.4. Congestion and the market 483 21.5. Technical resolution of congestion 485 21.6. Principle of nodal pricing 486 21.7. Principle of market splitting and zonal pricing 488 21.8. Case of a bilateral market 490 21.9. Case of re-dispatching without taking into account balance constraints of SCs 494 21.10. General formulation of the re-dispatching problem 495 21.11. Case of pool based on the calculation of nodal marginal prices 498 21.12. Hedging the risk of congestion cost 500 21.13. Conclusion 501 Chapter 22. Network Access and Charges 503 22.1. Introduction 503 22.2. Main costs and expenses of electricity transmission 505 22.3. Tariff objectives for electricity transmission 505 22.4. Methods of determining costs and price setting 506 22.5. Some regulation aspects of cost allocation 515 22.6. French example: principles of tariffs on the public transmission system 517 22.7. Tariff for network access in Europe 521 22.8. Conclusion 521 Part 4. Exercise Solutions 525 Chapter 23. Exercise Solutions 527 23.1. Exercise No. 1: per-unit system 527 23.2. Exercise No. 2: parameters of single-phase line 532 23.3. Exercise No. 3: power transfer 541 23.4. Exercise No. 4 550 23.5. Exercise No. 5 554 23.6. Exercise No. 6: lossless long line 559 23.7. Exercise No. 7: long three-phase line with losses 570 23.8. Exercise No. 8: single-phase long line 577 23.9. Exercise No. 9: series compensation of long lines 587 23.10. Exercise No. 10: parameters of a single conductor 593 23.11. Exercise No. 11: calculation of parameters of three-phase lines 597 23.12. Exercise No. 12: construction of Zbus matrix 607 23.13. Exercise No. 13: construction of network matrices 612 23.14. Exercise No. 14: load flow calculations 617 23.15. Exercise No. 15: power flow 630 23.16. Exercise No. 16: matrices and load flow 630 23.17. Exercise No. 17: transient analysis of a line 631 23.18. Exercise No. 18: matrices and transient analysis 632 23.19. Exercise No. 19: transfer analysis under lightning strike 632 23.20. Exercise No. 20: fault current in a simple network 633 23.21. Exercise No. 21: symmetrical fault on a network 648 23.22 Exercise No. 22: stability and critical fault clearing time 659 References 665 Index 671
£228.90
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Dielectric Materials for Electrical Engineering
Book SynopsisThe object of this book is to provide a comprehensive reference source for the numerous scientific communities (engineers, researchers, students, etc.) in various disciplines which require detailed information in the field of dielectric materials. Part 1 focuses on physical properties, electrical ageing, and modeling - including topics such as the physics of charged dielectric materials, conduction mechanisms, dielectric relaxation, space charge, electric ageing and end of life (EOL) models, and dielectric experimental characterization. Part 2 examines applications of specific relevance to dielectric materials: insulating oils for transformers, electro-rheological fluids, electrolytic capacitors, ionic membranes, photovoltaic conversion, dielectric thermal control coatings for geostationary satellites, plastics recycling and piezoelectric polymers.Trade Review“Students, engineers, and materials scientists will find this book to be a good comprehensive resource for learning about the fundamental material property characteristics of dielelectric materials.” (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1 July 2014)Table of ContentsPART 1. GENERAL PHYSICS PHENOMENA 1 Chapter 1. Physics of Dielectrics 3 Guy BLAISE and Daniel TREHEUX 1.1. Definitions 3 1.2. Different types of polarization 4 1.3. Macroscopic aspects of the polarization 8 1.4. Bibliography 16 Chapter 2. Physics of Charged Dielectrics: Mobility and Charge Trapping 17 Guy BLAISE and Daniel TREHEUX 2.1. Introduction 17 2.2. Localization of a charge in an “ideally perfect” and pure polarizable medium 18 2.3. Localization and trapping of carriers in a real material 26 2.4. Detrapping 33 2.5. Bibliography 35 Chapter 3. Conduction Mechanisms and Numerical Modeling of Transport in Organic Insulators: Trends and Perspectives 37 Fulbert BAUDOIN, Christian LAURENT, Séverine LE ROY and Gilbert TEYSSEDRE 3.1. Introduction 37 3.2. Molecular modeling applied to polymers 40 3.3. Macroscopic models 51 3.4. Trends and perspectives 63 3.5. Conclusions 68 3.6. Bibliography 69 Chapter 4. Dielectric Relaxation in Polymeric Materials 79 Eric DANTRAS, Jérôme MENEGOTTO, Philippe DEMONT and Colette LACABANNE 4.1. Introduction 79 4.2. Dynamics of polarization mechanisms 79 4.3. Orientation polarization in the time domain 81 4.4. Orientation polarization in the frequency domain 83 4.5. Temperature dependence 87 4.6. Relaxation modes of amorphous polymers 92 4.7. Relaxation modes of semi-crystalline polymers 96 4.8. Conclusion 98 4.9. Bibliography 99 Chapter 5. Electrification 101 Gérard TOUCHARD 5.1. Introduction 101 5.2. Electrification of solid bodies by separation/contact 101 5.3. Electrification of solid particles 108 5.4. Conclusion 115 5.5. Bibliography 115 PART 2. PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS – AGEING 117 Chapter 6. Space Charges: Definition, History, Measurement 119 Alain TOUREILLE, Petru NOTINGHER, Jérôme CASTELLON and Serge AGNEL 6.1. Introduction 119 6.2. History 120 6.3. Space charge measurement methods in solid insulators 123 6.4. Trends and perspectives 129 6.5. Bibliography 130 Chapter 7. Dielectric Materials under Electron Irradiation in a Scanning Electron Microscope 135 Omar JBARA, Slim FAKHFAKH, Sébastien RONDOT and Dominique MOUZE 7.1. Introduction 135 7.2. Fundamental aspects of electron irradiation of solids 136 7.3. Physics of insulators 141 7.4. Applications: measurement of the trapped charge or the surface potential 153 7.5. Conclusion 159 7.6. Bibliography 160 Chapter 8. Precursory Phenomena and Dielectric Breakdown of Solids 165 Christian MAYOUX, Nadine LAHOUD, Laurent BOUDOU and Juan MARTINEZ-VEGA 8.1. Introduction 165 8.2. Electrical breakdown 166 8.3. Precursory phenomena 168 8.4. Conclusion 179 8.5. Bibliography 180 Chapter 9. Models for Ageing of Electrical Insulation: Trends and Perspectives 189 Nadine LAHOUD, Laurent BOUDOU, Christian MAYOUX and Juan MARTINEZ-VEGA 9.1. Introduction 189 9.2. Kinetic approach according to Zhurkov 190 9.3. Thermodynamic approach according to Crine 195 9.4. Microscopic approach according to Dissado–Mazzanti–Montanari 200 9.5. Conclusions and perspectives 206 9.6. Bibliography 207 PART 3. CHARACTERIZATION METHODS AND MEASUREMENT 209 Chapter 10. Response of an Insulating Material to an Electric Charge: Measurement and Modeling 211 Philippe MOLINIÉ 10.1. Introduction 211 10.2. Standard experiments 212 10.3. Basic electrostatic equations 213 10.4. Dipolar polarization 215 10.5. Intrinsic conduction 218 10.6. Space charge, injection and charge transport 220 10.7. Which model for which material? 226 10.8. Bibliography 227 Chapter 11. Pulsed Electroacoustic Method: Evolution and Development Perspectives for Space Charge Measurement 229 Virginie GRISERI 11.1. Introduction 229 11.2. Principle of the method 230 11.3. Performance of the method 238 11.4. Diverse measurement systems 239 11.5. Development perspectives and conclusions 246 11.6. Bibliography 246 Chapter 12. FLIMM and FLAMM Methods: Localization of 3-D Space Charges at the Micrometer Scale 251 Anca PETRE, Didier MARTY-DESSUS, Laurent BERQUEZ and Jean-Luc FRANCESCHI 12.1. Introduction 251 12.2. The FLIMM method 252 12.3. The FLAMM method 254 12.4. Modeling of the thermal gradient 255 12.5. Mathematical deconvolution 255 12.6. Results 258 12.7. Conclusion 267 12.8. Bibliography 267 Chapter 13. Space Charge Measurement by the Laser-Induced Pressure Pulse Technique 271 David MALEC 13.1. Introduction 271 13.2. History 272 13.3. Establishment of fundamental equations for the determination of space charge distribution 272 13.4. Experimental setup 276 13.5. Performances and limitations 282 13.6. Examples of use of the method 283 13.7. Use of the LIPP method for surface charge measurement 285 13.8. Perspectives 285 13.9. Bibliography 285 Chapter 14. The Thermal Step Method for Space Charge Measurements 289 Alain TOUREILLE, Serge AGNEL, Petru NOTINGHER and Jérôme CASTELLON 14.1. Introduction 289 14.2. Principle of the thermal step method (TSM) 290 14.3. Numerical resolution methods 297 14.4. Experimental set-up 299 14.5. Applications 306 14.6. Conclusion 321 14.7. Bibliography 322 Chapter 15. Physico-Chemical Characterization Techniques of Dielectrics 325 Christine MAYOUX and Christian MAYOUX 15.1. Introduction 325 15.2. Domains of application 326 15.3. The materials themselves 333 15.4. Conclusion 340 15.5. Bibliography 341 Chapter 16. Insulating Oils for Transformers 347 Abderrahmane BEROUAL, Christophe PERRIER, Jean-Luc BESSEDE 16.1. Introduction 347 16.2. Generalities 348 16.3. Mineral oils 352 16.4. Synthetic esters or pentaerythritol ester 357 16.5. Silicone oils or PDMS 363 16.6. Halogenated hydrocarbons or PCB 366 16.7. Natural esters or vegetable oils 367 16.8. Security of employment of insulating oils 370 16.9. Conclusion and perspectives 373 16.10. Bibliography 374 Chapter 17. Electrorheological Fluids 379 Jean-Numa FOULC 17.1. Introduction 379 17.2. Electrorheology 381 17.3. Mechanisms and modeling of the electrorheological effect 387 17.4. The conduction model 392 17.5. Giant electrorheological effect 396 17.6. Conclusion 397 17.7. Bibliography 397 Chapter 18. Electrolytic Capacitors 403 Pascal VENET 18.1. Introduction 403 18.2. Generalities 404 18.3. Electrolytic capacitors 410 18.4. Aluminum liquid electrolytic capacitors 411 18.5. (Solid electrolyte) tantalum electrolytic capacitors 414 18.6. Models and characteristics 417 18.7. Failures of electrolytic capacitors 426 18.8. Conclusion and perspectives 431 18.9. Bibliography 432 Chapter 19. Ion Exchange Membranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cells 435 Vicente COMPAÑ MORENO and Evaristo RIANDE GARCIA 19.1. Introduction 435 19.2. Homogenous cation-exchange membranes 438 19.3. Heterogenous ion exchange membranes 439 19.4. Polymer/acid membranes 441 19.5. Characterization of membranes 442 19.6. Experimental characterization of ion exchange membranes 457 19.7. Determination of membrane morphology using the SEM technique 469 19.8. Thermal stability 470 19.9. Acknowledgements 471 19.10. Bibliography 472 Chapter 20. Semiconducting Organic Materials for Electroluminescent Devices and Photovoltaic Conversion 477 Pascale JOLINAT and Isabelle SEGUY 20.1. Brief history 477 20.2. Origin of conduction in organic semiconductors 479 20.3. Electrical and optical characteristics of organic semiconductors 480 20.4. Application to electroluminescent devices 482 20.5. Application to photovoltaic conversion 486 20.6. The processing of organic semiconductors 489 20.7. Conclusion 491 20.8. Bibliography 491 Chapter 21. Dielectric Coatings for the Thermal Control of Geostationary Satellites: Trends and Problems 495 Stéphanie REMAURY 21.1. Introduction 495 21.2. Space environment 496 21.3. The thermal control of space vehicles 501 21.4. Electrostatic phenomena in materials 503 21.5. Conclusion 512 21.6. Bibliography 513 Chapter 22. Recycling of Plastic Materials 515 Pilar MARTINEZ and Eva VERDEJO 22.1. Introduction 515 22.2. Plastic materials 516 22.3. Plastic residues 519 22.4. Bibliography 529 Chapter 23. Piezoelectric Polymers and their Applications 531 Alain BERNES 23.1. Introduction 531 23.2. Piezoelectric polymeric materials 532 23.3. Electro-active properties of piezoelectric polymers 538 23.4. Piezoelectricity applications 549 23.5. Transducers 551 23.6. Conclusion 556 23.7. Bibliography 556 Chapter 24. Polymeric Insulators in the Electrical Engineering Industry: Examples of Applications, Constraints and Perspectives 559 Jean-Luc BESSEDE 24.1. Introduction 559 24.2. Equipment 560 24.3. Power transformer insulation 565 24.4. Perspectives 567 24.5. Conclusion 570 24.6. Bibliography 570 List of Authors 573 Index 577
£179.06
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Energy Storage
Book SynopsisEnergy storage examines different applications such as electric power generation, transmission and distribution systems, pulsed systems, transportation, buildings and mobile applications. For each of these applications, proper energy storage technologies are foreseen, with their advantages, disadvantages and limits. As electricity cannot be stored cheaply in large quantities, energy has to be stored in another form (chemical, thermal, electromagnetic, mechanical) and then converted back into electric power and/or energy using conversion systems. Most of the storage technologies are examined: batteries, hydrogen, super capacitors, SMES, flywheels, CAES, thermal storage and hydraulic gravitational storage.Table of ContentsForeword x Yves BRUNET Chapter 1. Energy Storage for Electrical Systems 1 Régine BELHOMME, Jérôme DUVAL, Gauthier DELLILE, Gilles MALARANGE, Julien MARTIN and Andrei NEKRASSOV 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Energy storage for the producer 3 1.3. The special case of intermittent generation 8 1.4. Energy storage for transmission systems 13 1.5. Energy storage for distribution networks 16 1.6. Energy storage for retailers 22 1.7. Energy storage for consumers 23 1.8. Energy storage for the balancing responsible party (BRP) 28 1.9. Conclusion 31 1.10. Bibliography 34 Chapter 2.Transport: Rail, Road, Plane, Ship 37 Jean-Marie KAUFFMANN 2.1. Introduction 37 2.2. Electrical energy is a secondary energy 38 2.3. Electrical energy: principal or unique source 43 2.4. Electrical energy complementing another source – hybridization 55 2.5. Conclusion 61 2.6. Bibliography 63 Chapter 3. Energy Storage in Photovoltaic Systems 65 Florence MATTERA 3.1. Introduction 65 3.2. Stand alone photovoltaic systems 65 3.3. Limited lifespan for lead acid battery technology 72 3.4. Grid connected systems 77 3.5. Bibliography 81 Chapter 4. Mobile Applications and Micro-Power Sources 83 Jérôme DELAMARE and Orphée CUGAT 4.1. The diverse energy needs of mobile applications 83 4.2. Characteristics due to the miniaturized scale 89 4.3. Capacitative storage 90 4.4. Electrochemical storage 91 4.5. Hydrocarbon storage 95 4.6. Pyroelectricity 102 4.7. Tribo-electricity 102 4.8. Radioactive source 103 4.9. Recovering ambient energy 103 4.10. Associated electronics: use of electricity – onboard EP 106 4.11. Bibliography 107 Chapter 5. Hydrogen Storage 115 Daniel FRUCHART 5.1. Introduction 115 5.2. Generalities regarding hydrogen storage 116 5.3. Pressurized storage 119 5.4. Cryogenic storage 121 5.5. Solid storage 122 5.6. Other modes of storage 128 5.7. Discussion: technical/energy/economic aspects 129 5.8. Bibliography 131 Chapter 6. Fuel Cells: Principles and Function 133 Eric VIEIL 6.1. What is a cell or battery? 133 6.2. Chemical energy 134 6.3. The unfolding of a reaction 137 6.4. Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) 143 6.5. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 143 6.6. The alkaline fuel cell (AFC) 145 6.7. Comparison of the different types of fuel cell 146 6.8. Catalysis 148 6.9. Critical points 149 6.10. Conclusion: the storage application 151 Chapter 7. Fuel Cells: System Operation 153 Daniel HISSEL, Denis CANDUSSO and Marie-Cécile PERA 7.1. Introduction: what is a fuel cell “system”? 153 7.2. Air supply system 156 7.3. Gas humidification system 160 7.4. The static converter at the stack terminals 164 7.5. Lifespan, reliability and diagnosis 165 7.6. Bibliography 170 Chapter 8. Electrochemical Storage: Cells and Batteries 173 Florence FUSALBA and Sébastien MARTINET 8.1. Generalities of accumulators: principle of operation 173 8.2. Applications 176 8.3. Technological histories: lead, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH… then lithium ion 185 8.4. Application needs 197 8.5. Focusing on lithium-ion technologies 199 8.6. Processing and recycling of lithium batteries 207 8.7. Other batteries 209 8.8. Bibliography 214 Chapter 9. Supercapacitors: Principles, Sizing, Power Interfaces and Applications 217 Philippe BARRADE 9.1. Introduction 217 9.2. Supercapacitor: electric double-layer capacitor 219 9.3. Sizing a bank of supercapacitors 226 9.4. Power interfaces 230 9.5. Applications 235 9.6. Bibliography 240 List of authors 243 Index 245
£132.00
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Smart Grids
Book SynopsisOn a worldwide basis, the development of SmartGrids is a consistent answer to the problem of an efficient and sustainable delivery of electric energy through distribution grids. SmartGrids are a combination of information and communication technologies and new energy technologies. There are many different definitions of the concept of SmartGrids and thus it appears indispensable to gather the knowledge available from both industry and research laboratories in one book. Distributed generation is rightly receiving an increased amount of attention and will become an integral part of urban energy systems, providing consumers and energy providers with safe, affordable, clean, reliable, flexible and readily-accessible energy services.The aim of this book is to describe future electricity networks that will enable all energy services to become sustainable. The traditional design of network control systems with a centralized structure is not in-line with the paradigm of the unbundled electricity system and decentralized control; this is highlighted by looking at how future active networks will efficiently link small- and medium-scale power sources with consumer demands, allowing decisions to be made on how best to operate in real time. It also looks at the level of control required: power flow assessment, voltage control and protection require cost-competitive technologies and new communication systems with more sensors and actuators than presently used, certainly in relation to the distribution systems. To manage active networks, a vision of grid computing is created that assures universal access to computing resources. An intelligent grid infrastructure gives more flexibility concerning demand and supply, providing new instruments for optimal and cost-effective grid operation at the same time.Table of ContentsForeword xv Ronnie BELMANS Chapter 1. SmartGrids: Motivation, Stakes and Perspectives 1 Nouredine HADJSAÏD and Jean-Claude SABONNADIÈRE 1.1. Introduction 1 1.1.1. The new energy paradigm 1 1.2. Information and communication technologies serving the electrical system 5 1.3. Integration of advanced technologies 7 1.4. The European energy perspective 10 1.5. Shift to electricity as an energy carrier (vector) 15 1.6. Main triggers of the development of SmartGrids 16 1.7. Definitions of SmartGrids 17 1.8. Objectives addressed by the SmartGrid concept 18 1.8.1. Specific case of transmission grids 18 1.8.2. Specific case of distribution grids 19 1.8.3. The desired development of distribution networks: towards smarter grids 20 1.9. Socio-economic and environmental objectives 21 1.10. Stakeholders involved the implementation of the SmartGrid concept 22 1.11. Research and scientific aspects of the SmartGrid 23 1.11.1. Examples of the development of innovative concepts 23 1.11.2. Scientific, technological, commercial and sociological challenges 28 1.12. Preparing the competences needed for the development of SmartGrids 30 1.13. Conclusion 30 1.14. Bibliography 31 Chapter 2. From the SmartGrid to the Smart Customer: the Paradigm Shift 33 Catherine FAILLIET 2.1. Key trends 33 2.1.1. The crisis 33 2.1.2. Environmental awareness 35 2.1.3. New technologies 35 2.2. The evolution of the individual’s relationship to energy 37 2.2.1. Curiosity 37 2.2.2. The need for transparency 38 2.2.3. Responsibility 38 2.3. The historical model of energy companies 39 2.3.1. Incumbents in a natural monopoly 39 2.3.2. A clear focus on technical knowledge 40 2.3.3. Undeveloped customer relationships 40 2.4. SmartGrids from the customer’s point of view 42 2.4.1. The first step: the data revolution 42 2.4.2. The second step: the establishment of a smart ecosystem 45 2.4.3. The consumers’ reluctance 47 2.5. What about possible business models? 49 2.5.1. An unprecedented global buzz… and the search for a business model 49 2.5.2. Government research into a virtuous model of regulation 52 2.5.3. An opening for new stakeholders 54 2.6. Bibliography 56 Chapter 3. Transmission Grids: Stakeholders in SmartGrids 57 Hervé MIGNON 3.1. A changing energy context: the development of renewable energies 58 3.2. A changing energy context: new modes of consumption 62 3.3. New challenges 68 3.4. An evolving transmission grid 72 3.5. Conclusion 76 3.6. Bibliography 77 Chapter 4. SmartGrids and Energy Management Systems 79 Jean-Louis COULLON 4.1. Introduction 79 4.2. Managing distributed production resources: renewable energies 80 4.2.1. Characterization of distributed renewable production 81 4.2.2. Integrating renewable energies into the management process 83 4.3. Demand response 87 4.4. Development of storage, microgrids and electric vehicles 90 4.4.1. New storage methods 90 4.4.2. Microgrids 91 4.4.3. Electric vehicles 92 4.5. Managing high voltage direct current connections 92 4.6. Grid reliability analysis 94 4.6.1. Model-based stability analysis 94 4.6.2. Continuous measurements-based analysis: phasor measurement units 95 4.6.3. Dynamic limits . 97 4.6.4. Self-healing grids 98 4.7. Smart asset management 99 4.8. Smart grid rollout: regulatory needs 102 4.8.1. The need for pilot projects 102 4.8.2. Incentives for investment in grid reliability 103 4.8.3. Renewables 103 4.8.4. Investment incentives for energy efficiency 103 4.8.5. Cost/profit allocation 104 4.8.6. New regulatory frameworks 104 4.9. Standards 105 4.9.1. The case of smart grids 105 4.9.2. Work in progress 106 4.9.3. Cooperation 107 4.10. System architecture items 107 4.10.1. Broaden the vision 108 4.10.2. Taking vertical changes into consideration 112 4.10.3. Developing integration tools 112 4.11. Acknowledgements 113 4.12. Bibliography 113 Chapter 5. The Distribution System Operator at the Heart of the SmartGrid Revolution 115 Pierre MALLET 5.1. Brief overview of some of the general elements of electrical distribution grids 116 5.2. The current changes: toward greater complexity 117 5.3. Smart grids enable the transition to carbon-free energy 118 5.4. The different constituents of SmartGrids 118 5.5. Smart Life 119 5.6. Smart Operation 120 5.7. Smart Metering 121 5.7.1. The Linky project 121 5.7.2. New services for customers 122 5.7.3. Smart meters can significantly modernize grid management 122 5.8. Smart Services 123 5.9. Smart local optimization 123 5.9.1. Distributed generation 124 5.9.2. Active management of demand 126 5.9.3. Means of distributed storage 126 5.9.4. New uses including electric vehicles 127 5.9.5. Local optimization of the system 128 5.10. The distributor ERDF is at the heart of future SmartGrids 128 5.11. Bibliography 129 Chapter 6. Architecture, Planning and Reconfiguration of Distribution Grids 131 Marie-Cécile ALVAREZ, Raphaël CAIRE and Bertrand RAISON 6.1. Introduction 131 6.2. The structure of distribution grids 133 6.2.1. High voltage/medium voltage delivery stations 133 6.2.2. Meshed and looped grids 135 6.2.3. Types of conductor 138 6.2.4. Underground/overhead 139 6.2.5. MV/LV substations 140 6.3. Planning of the distribution grids 140 6.3.1. Principles of planning/engineering 141 6.3.2. All criteria to be met by the proposed architectures 143 6.3.3. Example on a secured feeder grid 143 6.3.4. Long-term and short-term planning 148 6.3.5. The impact of connecting DGs on the MV grid structure 155 6.3.6. Increasing the DG insertion rate in the grid 162 6.3.7. Proposal for a new looped architecture: the hybrid structure 164 6.4. Reconfiguration for the reduction of power losses 166 6.4.1. The problem of copper losses 166 6.4.2. Mathematic formulation of the optimization problem 169 6.4.3. Combinatorial optimization 176 6.4.4. Different approaches to finding the optimal configuration 181 6.4.5. Reconfiguration of the partially meshed grids 191 6.5. Bibliography 193 Chapter 7. Energy Management and Decision-aiding Tools 197 Yvon BÉSANGER, Bertrand RAISON, Raphaël CAIRE and Tran-Quoc TUAN 7.1. Introduction 197 7.2. Voltage control 198 7.2.1. Introduction to voltage control in distribution networks 198 7.2.2. Voltage control in current distribution networks 199 7.2.3. Voltage control in distribution networks with dispersed generation 199 7.2.4. Voltage control conclusion 210 7.3. Protection schemes 211 7.3.1. MV protection scheme 212 7.3.2. Neutral grounding modes 214 7.3.3. Fault characteristics 215 7.3.4. Power outages 216 7.3.5. Impact of decentralized production on the operation of protections of the feeder 217 7.4. Reconfiguration after a fault: results of the INTEGRAL project 221 7.4.1. Goals of the INTEGRAL project 221 7.4.2. Demonstrator description 221 7.4.3. General self-healing principles 224 7.4.4. Some results 227 7.5. Reliability 231 7.5.1. Basic concepts of the Monte Carlo simulation 232 7.5.2. Conclusion on reliability 239 7.6. Bibliography 240 Chapter 8. Integration of Vehicles with Rechargeable Batteries into Distribution Networks 243 Florent CADOUX and George GROSS 8.1. The revolution of individual electrical transport 244 8.1.1. An increasingly credible technology 244 8.1.2. Example: the Fluence ZE 244 8.1.3. What are the consequences on the electrical network? 245 8.1.4. Demand management and vehicle-to-grid 246 8.2 Vehicles as “active loads” 246 8.2.1. Energetic services 247 8.2.2. Frequency regulation 248 8.2.3. Load reserve and shedding 248 8.2.4. Other services 249 8.3. Economic impacts 250 8.3.1. A potentially lucrative but limited market 250 8.3.2. New business models 250 8.3.3. Market integration 252 8.4. Environmental impacts 252 8.4.1. Synergy with intermittent sources 252 8.4.2. Energetic efficiency 253 8.4.3. Other advantages 253 8.4.4. Evaluating environmental impacts 254 8.5. Technological challenges 254 8.5.1. Architecture 255 8.5.2. Communication infrastructure 255 8.5.3. Control strategy 256 8.5.4. Feedback 256 8.6. Uncertainty factors 257 8.6.1. Electric vehicle adoption 257 8.6.2. Viability of demand management 257 8.6.3. Technological factors 258 8.6.4. Economic factors 258 8.7. Conclusion 259 8.8. Bibliography 259 Chapter 9. How Information and Communication Technologies Will Shape SmartGrids 263 Gilles PRIVAT 9.1. Introduction 263 9.2. Control decentralization 264 9.2.1. Why smart grids will not be “intelligent networks” 264 9.2.2. From the “home area network” to the “smart home grid”: extension of the local data network to the electrical grid for the home 265 9.2.3. The “smart home grid” for the local optimization of energy efficiency 267 9.2.4. From the home to microgrids: towards the autonomous control of subnetworks 270 9.3. Interoperability and connectivity 270 9.3.1. “Utility computing”: when the electrical grid is a model for information technologies 270 9.3.2. Avatars of connectivity, when moving up from the physical layer to information models 271 9.4. From synchronism to asynchronism 273 9.4.1. Absolute and relative low-level and top-level synchronism 273 9.4.2. From asynchronous data to asynchronous electricity 274 9.4.3. From data packets to energy packets 275 9.5. Future Internet for SmartGrids 277 9.5.1. Towards a shared infrastructure for SmartGrids and physical networks: sensors 277 9.5.2. Towards a shared infrastructure: SmartGrids in the cloud 278 9.6. Conclusion 279 9.7. Bibliography 280 Chapter 10. Information Systems in the Metering and Management of the Grid 281 Hervé BARANCOURT 10.1. Introduction 281 10.1.1. Classification of the information systems 281 10.1.2. Approach 283 10.2. The metering information system 283 10.2.1. Presentation of the metering system 283 10.2.2. Architecture of the metering system 286 10.2.3. The manipulated data 291 10.2.4. The deployment of a metering system 293 10.3. Information system metering in the management of the grid 295 10.3.1. Links with IS management of the distribution network 295 10.3.2. The SmartGrid triptych 296 10.4. Conclusion: urbanization of the metering system 297 10.4.1. Two approaches 297 10.4.2. The “pro’sumer’s” information 298 10.4.3. Summary 299 10.5. Bibliography 300 Chapter 11. Smart Meters and SmartGrids: an Economic Approach 301 Jacques PERCEBOIS 11.1. “Demand response”: a consequence of opening the electricity industry and the rise in environmental concerns 302 11.1.1. The specific features of electricity 302 11.1.2. The impact of introducing competition 303 11.1.3. The impact of the objectives for reducing CO2 emissions 306 11.2. Traditional regulation via pricing is no longer sufficient to avoid the risk of “failure” during peaks 306 11.2.1. Coping with failures 306 11.2.2. Expensive advanced means reduces the incentive to invest 307 11.2.3. Emphasizing the seasonal differentiation of prices 308 11.3. Smart meters: a tool for withdrawal and market capacity 311 11.3.1. Towards a market of withdrawal 311 11.3.2 Who is financing the installation of the meters? 314 11.3.3. What are the economic results of the operation? 314 11.4. From smart meters to SmartGrids – the results 317 11.5. Bibliography 319 Chapter 12. The Regulation of SmartGrids 321 Didier LAFFAILLE 12.1. The regulation and funding of SmartGrids 321 12.1.1. Must R&D expenditure be submitted to an incentive mechanism? 322 12.1.2. How to cope with the deployment costs of SmartGrids? 323 12.1.3. Which investments will be supported by transmission tariffs and to what extent? 323 12.1.4. Should cooperation be established? 323 12.2. Regulation and economic models 324 12.3. Evolution of the value chain 326 12.3.1. How will the energy and ICT sectors work together? 326 12.3.2. What will be the role of consumers and new players in the value chain? 328 12.4. The emergence of a business model for smart grids 329 12.4.1. Do we need an energy regulatory framework to enhance the deployment of SmartGrids within Europe? 329 12.4.2. What variation is there in France? 331 12.5. Regulation can assist in the emergence of SmartGrids 333 12.5.1. How to ensure that system operators will account for public interest in their investment decisions? 334 12.5.2. The Linky smart meter 334 12.5.3. How to finance investments in SmartGrids? 337 12.5.4. Which energy regulatory framework should be used to encourage efficient investments in the SmartGrids? 337 12.5.5. What kind of development in prices would be acceptable for the consumer? 338 12.5.6. How else can the energy regulator facilitate the development of a SmartGrid system? 338 12.6. The business models are yet to be created 339 12.7. The standardization of SmartGrids 340 12.7.1. Why is standardization an essential factor in efficiently developing the electrical system? 340 12.7.2. Is standardization a response to the need for interoperability in SmartGrids? 342 12.7.3. What standardization efforts are being made for SmartGrids in Europe? 344 12.7.4. Is standardization an important commercial issue for the European sector? 346 12.8. Conclusion 347 12.9. Bibliography 348 List of Authors 351 Index 355
£132.00
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Non-conventional Electrical Machines
Book SynopsisThe developments of electrical machines are due to the convergence of material progress, improved calculation tools, and new feeding sources. Among the many recent machines, the authors have chosen, in this first book, to relate the progress in slow speed machines, high speed machines, and superconducting machines. The first part of the book is dedicated to materials and an overview of magnetism, mechanic, and heat transfer.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Theoretical Tools and Materials for Electric Machines 1 Abderrezak REZZOUG and Mohammed El-Hadi ZAÏM 1.1. Theoretical tools 1 1.2. Materials 16 1.3. Bibliography 35 Chapter 2. Low-speed Teeth Coupling Machines 39 Daniel MATT, Abdel Mounaïm TOUNZI and Mohammed El-Hadi ZAÏM 2.1. Introduction 39 2.2. Positioning of the problem. Outline of the feasibility limits 41 2.3. Teeth coil winding and toothed pole machines 63 2.4. Machines with distributed winding and the Vernier effect 82 2.5. Bibliography 112 Chapter 3. High-speed Electric Machines 117 Mohammed El-Hadi ZAÏM, Hamid Ben AHMED and Nicolas BERNARD 3.1. Interest in high-speed rotational operating 117 3.2. Criteria and constraints of a high-speed machine 121 3.3. Types of electric machines 142 3.4. Examples of applications 152 3.5. Methodology of high-speed machine optimization 169 3.6. Bibliography 184 Chapter 4. Superconducting Machines 191 Abderrezak REZZOUG, Jean LÉVÊQUE and Bruno DOUINE 4.1. Introduction 191 4.2. Superconducting materials in electrotechnology 192 4.3. Superconducting materials used in electric machines 201 4.4. Losses in the self-field of superconductors 212 4.5. Cryogenic environment 216 4.6. Superconducting machines 235 4.7. Bibliography 250 List of Authors 257 Index 259
£135.80
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Control of Switching Systems by Invariance
Book SynopsisThis book presents correct-by-design control techniques for switching systems, using different methods of stability analysis. Switching systems are increasingly used in the electronics and mechanical industries; in power electronics and the automotive industry, for example. This is due to their flexibility and simplicity in accurately controlling industrial mechanisms. By adopting appropriate control rules, we can steer a switching system to a region centered at a desired equilibrium point, while avoiding “unsafe” regions of parameter saturation. The authors explain various correct-by-design methods for control synthesis, using different methods of stability and invariance analysis. They also provide several applications of these methods to industrial examples of power electronics. Contents 1. Control Theory: Basic Concepts. 2. Sampled Switched Systems. 3. Safety Controllers. 4. Stability Controllers. 5. Application to Multilevel Converters. 6. Other Issues: Reachability, Sensitivity, Robustness and Nonlinearity. About the Authors Laurent Fribourg is head of the LSV (Laboratoire Spécification et Vérification) and Scientific Coordinator of the Institut Farman, Institut Fédératif de Recherche CNRS, which brings together the expertise of five laboratories from ENS Cachan, in France, in the fields of modeling, simulation and validation of complex systems. He has published over 70 articles in international journals and reviewed proceedings of international conferences, in the domain of the theory of formal methods and their industrial applications. Romain Soulat is in the third year of his doctorate at the LSV at ENS Cachan in France, under the supervision of Laurent Fribourg. He is working on the modeling and verification of hybrid systems. In particular, his interests concern robustness in scheduling problems – especially as part of a collaborative project with EADS Astrium on the verification of a component in the launcher for the future Ariane 6 rocket. He has published 5 articles in reviewed proceedings of international conferences.Table of ContentsPREFACE ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi INTRODUCTION xiii CHAPTER 1. CONTROL THEORY: BASIC CONCEPTS 1 1.1. Model of control systems 1 1.2. Digital control systems 3 1.2.1. Digitization 3 1.2.2. Quantization 6 1.2.3. Switching 6 1.3. Control of switched systems using invariant sets 8 1.3.1. Controlled invariants 9 1.3.2. Safety control problem 9 1.3.3. Stability control problem 10 1.3.4. Other controllers 11 1.4. Notes 11 CHAPTER 2. SAMPLED SWITCHED SYSTEMS 13 2.1. Model 13 2.2. Illustrative examples 18 2.3. Zonotopes 21 2.4. Notes 23 CHAPTER 3. SAFETY CONTROLLERS 25 3.1. Backward fixed point computation (direct approach) 26 3.2. Approximate bisimulation (indirect approach) 29 3.3. Application to a three-cell Boost DC–DC converter 35 3.3.1. Model 35 3.3.2. Direct method 37 3.3.3. Indirect method 37 3.4. Notes 40 CHAPTER 4. STABILITY CONTROLLERS 41 4.1. Motivation 42 4.2. Preliminaries 42 4.2.1. Control induced by the decomposition 45 4.3. Decomposition function 46 4.3.1. Basic procedure 46 4.3.2. Enhancement for safety 48 4.4. Limit cycles 52 4.4.1. Discussion of the assumptions H1 and H2 53 4.4.2. Illustrative examples 54 4.5. Implementation 58 4.6. Notes 59 CHAPTER 5. APPLICATION TO MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS 61 5.1. Multilevel converters 62 5.2. Application of the decomposition procedure 62 5.2.1. Five-level converter 63 5.2.2. Seven-level converter 67 5.3. Physical experimentations 70 5.4. Notes 73 CHAPTER 6. OTHER ISSUES: REACHABILITY, SENSITIVITY, ROBUSTNESS AND NONLINEARITY 75 6.1. Reachability control 75 6.2. Sensitivity 78 6.3. Robust safety control 79 6.4. Nonlinearity 82 6.5. Notes 87 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 89 APPENDIX 1. SUFFICIENT CONDITION OF DECOMPOSITION 93 APPENDIX 2. APPLICATIONS OF THE ENHANCED DECOMPOSITION PROCEDURE 97 APPENDIX 3. PROOF OF THEOREM 4.3 103 APPENDIX 4. EXAMPLE WITH |R∗Δ| = ∞ 107 APPENDIX 5. CODE 109 BIBLIOGRAPHY 121 INDEX 127
£132.00
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Energy Storage in Electric Power Grids
Book SynopsisThis book deals with the management and valuation of energy storage in electric power grids, highlighting the interest of storage systems in grid applications and developing management methodologies based on artificial intelligence tools. The authors highlight the importance of storing electrical energy, in the context of sustainable development, in "smart grids", and discuss multiple services that storing electrical energy can bring. Methodological tools are provided to build an energy management system storage following a generic approach. These tools are based on causal formalisms, artificial intelligence and explicit optimization techniques and are presented throughout the book in connection with concrete case studies.Table of ContentsFOREWORD xi INTRODUCTION xiii CHAPTER 1. ISSUES IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE 1 1.1. Difficulties of storing electrical energy 1 1.2. Why store electrical energy? 3 1.3. Value enhancement of storage in electrical grids 6 1.4. Storage management 9 1.5. Bibliography 13 CHAPTER 2. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ENERGY STORAGE 17 2.1. Introduction 17 2.2. Storage technologies 17 2.3. Characteristics of a storage system 19 2.3.1. Energy storage capacity 19 2.3.2. Maximum power and time constant 20 2.3.3. Energy losses and efficiency 20 2.3.4. Aging 21 2.3.5. Costs 21 2.3.6. Energy and specific power 22 2.3.7. Response time 23 2.3.8. Gray energy 24 2.3.9. State of energy 24 2.3.10. Other characteristics 25 2.4. Hydraulic storage 26 2.4.1. Principle of hydraulic storage 26 2.4.2. Exercise: Lac Noir station 27 2.5. Compressed-air storage 32 2.5.1. Principle of compressed-air storage 32 2.5.2. First- and second-generation compressed-air storage 33 2.5.3. Adiabatic compressed-air storage 34 2.5.4. Air storage 35 2.5.5. Hydropneumatic storage 36 2.6. Thermal storage 38 2.6.1. Sensitive-heat storage 38 2.6.2. Latent-heat storage 39 2.7. Chemical storage 40 2.7.1. Electrochemical storage 40 2.7.2. Hydrogen storage 45 2.8. Kinetic storage 47 2.9. Electrostatic storage 48 2.10. Electromagnetic storage 49 2.11. Compared performances of storage technologies 51 2.12. Bibliography 52 CHAPTER 3. APPLICATIONS AND VALUES OF ENERGY STORAGE IN POWER SYSTEMS 55 3.1. Introduction 55 3.2. Introduction to power systems and their operation 59 3.2.1. Generation plants 60 3.2.2. Electric grids 65 3.2.3. Demand 68 3.2.4. Some basics of the operation of power systems 69 3.3. Services that can be provided by storage 84 3.3.1. Introduction 84 3.3.2. Services required for connection to the transmission grid 85 3.3.3. Potential additional services provided to a transmission system operator 88 3.3.4. Potential services provided by storage to a distribution system operator 91 3.3.5. Services for a centralized generation owner 107 3.3.6. Services for a renewable decentralized producer 108 3.3.7. Services for consumers 118 3.3.8. Benefits from market activities 124 3.4. Example of the contribution of storage to the treatment of congestion events 127 3.4.1. Indicator of state of charge of grid 127 3.4.2. Evolution scenario for electric grid 128 3.4.3. Treatment of congestion events in Brittany 128 3.5. Example of contribution of storage to dynamic support of frequency control in an island grid 131 3.5.1. Context and potential interest of this service 131 3.5.2. What is under-frequency load shedding? 131 3.5.3. Technical specifications of dynamic support 132 3.5.4. Method used for detailed study of dynamic support 135 3.5.5. Stage 1: theoretical approach 135 3.5.6. Stage 2: dynamic simulations 141 3.5.7. Stage 3: experimental laboratory implementation 142 3.5.8. Economic value making 144 3.5.9. Conclusion 145 3.6. General conclusion 145 3.7. Bibliography 146 CHAPTER 4. INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY LOGIC AND APPLICATION TO THE MANAGEMENT OF KINETIC ENERGY STORAGE IN A HYBRID WIND-DIESEL SYSTEM 153 4.1. Introduction 153 4.2. Introduction to fuzzy logic 154 4.2.1. Principle of fuzzy reasoning 154 4.2.2. Fuzzy logic and Boolean logic 155 4.2.3. Stages of a fuzzy supervisor 160 4.2.4. Example of fuzzy reasoning 164 4.3. Wind-kinetic energy storage combination on an isolated site with a diesel generator 168 4.3.1. Introduction 168 4.3.2. Energy management strategy 170 4.3.3. Fuzzy logic supervisor 171 4.3.4. Results of simulation with fuzzy supervisor 174 4.3.5. Results of simulation with simple filtering 176 4.4. Conclusion 179 4.5. Bibliography 179 CHAPTER 5. SUPERVISOR CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY FOR A WINDPOWER SOURCE COMBINED WITH STORAGE 181 5.1. Introduction 181 5.2. Energetic system studied 182 5.3. Supervisor development methodology 183 5.4. Specifications 184 5.4.1. Objectives 184 5.4.2. Limitations 184 5.4.3. Means of action 185 5.5. Supervisor structure 186 5.5.1. Input values 186 5.5.2. Output values 187 5.5.3. Supervisor development tools 187 5.6. Identification of various operating states: functional graph 191 5.6.1. Graph of level N1 192 5.6.2. Graph of level N1.1 193 5.6.3. Graph of level N1.2 194 5.6.4. Graph of level N1.3 194 5.7. Membership functions 195 5.8. Operational graph 199 5.8.1. Graph of level N1 200 5.8.2. Graph of level N1.1 200 5.8.3. Graph of level N1.2 201 5.8.4. Graph of level N1.3 201 5.9. Fuzzy rules 202 5.10. Experimental validation 203 5.10.1. Implantation of supervisor 203 5.10.2. Experimental configuration 204 5.10.3. Results and analyses 207 5.11. Conclusion 212 5.12. Bibliography 212 CHAPTER 6. DESIGN OF A HYBRID MULTISOURCE/MULTISTORAGE SUPERVISOR 215 6.1. Introduction 215 6.2. Methodology for the construction of a supervisor for a hybrid source incorporating windpower 217 6.2.1. Determination of system specifications 218 6.2.2. Structure of supervisor 220 6.2.3. Determination of functional graphs 223 6.2.4. Determination of membership functions 227 6.2.5. Determination of operational graphs 231 6.2.6. Extraction of fuzzy laws 233 6.3. Compared performance of different variants of hybrid source 234 6.3.1. Characteristics of simulated system 234 6.3.2. Simulations of different hybrid source variants 237 6.3.3. Comparison of performance of different hybrid sources by means of indicators 248 6.4. Conclusion 249 6.5. Appendices 249 6.5.1. Range of output value variations 249 6.5.2. Fuzzy rules 251 6.6. Bibliography 253 CHAPTER 7. MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC ENHANCEMENT OF ADIABATIC COMPRESSED-AIR ENERGY STORAGE INCORPORATED INTO A POWER GRID 255 7.1. Introduction 255 7.2. Services provided by storage 257 7.2.1. Storage planning 257 7.2.2. Frequency control 257 7.2.3. Congestion management 258 7.2.4. Guarantee of variable renewable production 258 7.3. Supervision strategy 259 7.3.1. Methodology 259 7.3.2. Objectives, constraints and means of actions 260 7.3.3. Supervisor structure 260 7.3.4. Determination of functional graphs 262 7.3.5. Determination of membership functions 267 7.3.6. Determination of operational graphs 270 7.3.7. Extraction of fuzzy rules 270 7.3.8. Indicators 270 7.4. Economic value of services 271 7.4.1. Purchase/sale action 272 7.4.2. Frequency control billing 273 7.4.3. Billing of additional services 273 7.5. Application 274 7.5.1. Test grid 274 7.5.2. Interest of the contribution of storage to ancillary services 275 7.5.3. Interest of fuzzy supervisor compared to a Boolean supervisor 279 7.6. Conclusion 281 7.7. Acknowledgments 282 7.8. Bibliography 282 INDEX 285
£125.06
