Earth sciences Books

Book SynopsisThis text addresses the hazard posed to engineering structures by salt weathering, which is an increasing one because of such diverse factors such as the spread of irrigation and high levels of atmospheric pollution.Table of ContentsPeface. Acknowledgements. The Hazard. Case Studies. Nature of Salts Involved in Salt Weathering and Sources ofMoisture. Materials' Susceptibility and Experimental Simulations. Mechanisms of Salt Attack. Geomorphological Implications of Salt Weathering. Diagnosing, Solving and Managing Salt weathering Hazards. Referenes. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains a series of essays reflecting on the complex political, social and institutional problems encountered by modern states seeking to manage their agricultural sectors. It presents original and comparative analyses of agricultural regulation.Table of ContentsChanging Regulatory Orders: The Analysis of the Economic Governanceof Agriculture (P. Lowe, et al.). Agriculture and Corporatism in Scandinavia (F. Just). Challenging the Productivist Paradigm: Organic Farming and thePolitics of Agricultural Change (T. Clunies-Ross & G.Cox). Technological Change in the Regulation of Agriculture (E.Hawkins). Retailing, the Food System and the Regulatory State (A. Flynn, etal.). Agricultural Deregulation: The Case of New Zealand (P. Cloke &R. Le Heron). From State Control to a Managed or Liberalised Market: Dilemmas inthe Reform of the Grain Price System in China (P. Zong). The National Politics of International Trade Reform: The Case ofGermany (G. Hendriks). GATT, Global Regulation and the Construction of a New HegemonicOrder (P. McMichael).

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Book SynopsisThis volume studies the driving forces behind the development of the European gas market and the uncertainties facing the industry in Europe. There is widespread consensus within Europe about the advantages of natural gas to reduce air pollution and to enhance energy supply diversification. Thus taking into account these most fundamental prerequisites for increased gas demand, this volume addresses the more immediate question of how the conglomeration and organisation of European gas industries will be influenced by this latent demand potential. The purpose of this book is to focus both on the analysis of evolutionary organisational processes within the gas industry, and the pressures for change provoked by external forces such as interfuel competition, environmental imperatives and new trends in European economic policies. The potential for structural change in the organisation of the European gas industry is discussed, as well as the political, economic and commercial factors affectiTable of ContentsEuropean Gas Markets in Transition. Past and Present in European Gas Markets. EU's Energy Policy and the Internal Gas Market. Gas Demand and Inter-Fuel Competition in Western Europe. Natural Gas in Central and Eastern Europe. Potential Gas Supplies. The Emerging Structure of Gas Markets in Europe. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisIt is not only green thinkers who value the environment. Decisions on how to respond to global environmental change, energy policy or where to site a new road are all informed by values. People bring very different sets of values to the understanding of environmental issues depending on whether they come from developed or developing countries, are applying an expert or lay person judgment, are making policy decisions from a distance or are directly affected at their local level. This book examines the multitude of ways in which we value the environment from a social science perspective. This is a multidisciplinary collection with contributions from academics with backgrounds in philosophy, sociology, psychology, economics, geography, law and engineering. The book is divided into four sections: the first addresses fundamental theoretical and conceptual issues; the second explores the methodological problems of uncovering people s values; the third looks at some of the policy dilemmas whTable of ContentsPartial table of contents: DEBATES AND ISSUES. Values and Global Environmental Change (M. Redclift). A Green Thought in a Green Shade: A Critique of the Rationalisationof Environmental Values (M. Smith). EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES. European Values and Social Psychology: A European Common Market orCommon's Dilemma? (J. Chase & I. Panagopoulos). POLICY DILEMMAS. Environmental Priorities in Different Development Situations:Electricity, Environment and Development (P. Pearson). Expert and Layperson Evaluation of Urban Environmental Quality: The"Natural" Versus the "Built" Environment (M. Bonnes & M.Bonaiuto). CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES. Questioning Values in Environmental Education (D. Uzzell, etal.). World Views and Environmental Action: A Practical Exercise (M.Haigh). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisDeveloping countries are finding it increasingly difficult to maintain research institutions that can support the broad demands of their agricultural and natural resource sectors. In many countries, this is due to a diminutive economy and population which limits the resource base upon which to build a viable, productive research system. This book examines the ways small countries have approached these problems and how they can use their small-scale institutions and limited resources to best advantage. The main feature of this book is a national portfolio approach to the strategic planning of research. This approach addresses the many institutional, policy, and scientific demands that stretch the scope of research in small developing countries, including new developments in natural resource management, biotechnology, regional collaboration, networking, and the management of scientific information. Based on the experience of small countries with small research organisations, AgriculturalTable of ContentsDefining the "Small-Country" Problem. Working with Small-Scale and Diverse Institutions. The National Research Portfolio - Establishing a Manageable Scope. National Research Portfolios - Case Study Findings. Research on Natural Resource Management - A New Beginning, or Just Another Agenda Item? Diversification and High-Value Nontraditional Exports - Can Research Open 'Windows of Opportunity?' Biotechnology - A Strategy for Participation. Planning for the Information Revolution. Small Countries as Partners in Regional Initiatives. Agricultural Research Networks in Small Countries. Conclusion - Lessons from Small Countries. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe disposal of radioactive waste is a central issue in the future of nuclear power and poses considerable technical, political and social issues. This book addresses these topics in an integrated fashion using performance assessment of the disposal concept as a unifying theme. Subjects addressed include: regulatory criteria; waste types, sources and characteristics; man-made or engineered barriers; the selection and evaluation of geological disposal media; the use of underground research laboratories; the movement of radionuclides in the biosphere; repository performance assessment tools and approaches; addressing uncertainty and spatial variability; assessing information from natural systems; and looking at radioactive waste in relation to other wastes. The book provides an up-to-date picture of radioactive waste disposal issues and will be of interest to scientists, engineers and consultants working in the nuclear industry and the environmental field.Table of ContentsWaste Characteristics. Repository and Barrier Concepts. The Near-Field. The Far-Field. The Biosphere and Radiological Effects. Selection of Waste Disposal Sites. Site Characterisation and URLs. Performance Assessment. Uncertainty and Confidence Building. Where Next. Index.

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Book SynopsisAcid deposition is considered to be one of the greatest threats to the environment in industrialised countries. Recognising this , governments have instituted programmes to reduce emissions of SO2, and NOx, the major sources of acid rain. But is this enough? Will ecosystems damaged by acid rain recover? And if they do, how quickly? What ecosystem processes determine the rate of recovery? Do acidification models give accurate predictions? Are any other actions necessary to promote recovery? To answer such questions without waiting for the results of current policies, scientists in Sweden and the UK decided to eliminate acid deposition on an acidified ecosystem altogether, and monitor the effects. They did this by constructing a huge roof over an acidified catchment near Lake G?rdsjon in Southwest Sweden. Acid rain falling on the roof is diverted away, and replaced with clean rain. The detailed responses of the ecosystem are measured. This book records the results from the first five yeaTable of ContentsRecovery from Acidification: The Background to the CoveredCatchment Experiment at G?rdsjon (R. Skeffington, et al.). Atmospheric Deposition to the G?rdsjon Research Area (M. Fern &H. Hultberg). Changes in the Soil Solution Chemistry After Exclusion of AcidDeposition (R. Giesler, et al.). Trace Metals in the Lake G?rdsjon Catchments (B. Lyven). Fine-Root Response to Nitrogen Removal and Addition (A.Clemensson-Lindell & H. Persson). Modelling Soil Acidification and Recovery in a Roofed Catchment:Application of the SAFE Model (H. Sverdrup, et al.). European Experience of Manipulation of Forest Ecosystems by RoofCover: Possibilities and Limitations (C. Beier, et al.). Reversal of Acidification: Policy Implications Derived from theRoof Project (H. Hultberg, et al.). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis superb, concise dictionary comprises over 2,000 entries defining terms and concepts relating to environmental planning, management, conservation and sustainable development.Table of ContentsIntroduction Key Terms and Concepts: A User's Guide A-Z Dictionary Selected Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis is a concise dictionary of English/Spanish and Spanish/English equivalents and associated words and expressions, covering a wide range of subject specialisms in environmental science and engineering.Table of ContentsNot Obtainable.

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Book SynopsisEven in the late 20th Century, there remains a complex web of spatial inter-relationships linking port cities and coastal zones. Cityports, Coastal Zones and Regional Change brings together seventeen authors to explore aspects of these inter-relationships.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Ports, Cities and Coastal Zones: Competition and Change in aMultimodal Environment (B. Hoyle). THEORY AND PRACTICE IN THE UK. Cityport Development and Regional Change: Lessons from the Clyde(A. Dawson). ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. Oil Industry Restructuring and Its Environmental Consequences inthe Coastal Zone (S. Harcombe & D. Pinder). ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN DEVELOPING AREAS. Balkan Transport and Cityport Development in an Era of Uncertainty(D. Hall). Cityports and Coastal Zones in Contemporary Africa: Mombasa and theIndian Ocean Facade of Kenya (B. Hoyle). INTERMODALISM, MIDAs AND MULTIMODALISM. Fixed Links and Short Sea Crossings (R. Knowles). Combined Transport in Italy: The Case of the Quadrante Europa,Verona (C. Robiglio). PLANNING STRATEGIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE. Cityports, Coastal Zones and Sustainable Development (A.Vallega). Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by specialist and regional contributors, this invaluablebook provides an integrated, up-to-date, geographical assessment ofland degradation in the world''s Mediterranean regions. Land degradation is the alteration of the natural (or biophysical)environment by human actions, causing detrimental effects to thevegetation, soils, landforms, water and ecosystems. Part One ofthis book comprises a brief geography of the Mediterranean climateregions - the Mediterranean basin, California, central Chile, theSouthwest Cape and Southern Australia, providing a context forParts Two and Three. The second section discusses the nature,extent, history, causes and implications of land degradation in theregions. Major problems include soil, vegetation and waterdegradation, fire, drought, flooding and sedimentation. Historicaland contemporary human responses to these problems are alsoconsidered and at times become part of the problem. Solutions -actual and potential - are evaluated in the Trade Review"... it is a valuable piece of work and we recommend it as areference book for any institution's library." EnvironmentalConservation "This is an impressive work of reference and will be much-used asdebates about desertification and land degradation continue. Thereis much detail, mapping and compilation of statistical information.... this is a splended item of co-operative scholarship andacademic synthesis of a huge amount of information, which otherwisewould be unavailable to students and development practitionersalike." Biodiversity and Conservation ".. this book is a valuable source of material and worth its placein university and college libraries." Progress in PhysicalGeographyTable of ContentsTHE NATURE OF THE WORLD'S MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE ENVIRONMENTS Iberian Peninsul and Balearic Islands The South of France and Corsica Italy The Croatian Adriatic Coast Greece The Eastern Mediterranean North Africa Greater California Chile The Southwestern Cape of South Africa Southern Australia PROBLEMS OF LAND DEGRADATION Introduction The Main Problems of Land Degradation: Their Nature, Extent andSeverity: 1. Erosion and Soil Deterioration, Flooding, VegetationLoss and Degradation The Main Problems of Land Degradation: Their Nature, Extent andSeverity: 2. Drought, Water Shortages, and Water Quality, and otherForms of Degradation The Historical Development of Land Degradation in the MediterraneanWorld The Causes of Land Degradation 1. The Nature of the BiophysicalEnvironment The Causes of Land Degradation 2. Vegetation Clearing andAgricultural Practices The Causes of Land Degradation 3. Other Human Actions Some Broader Implications of Land Degradation SOLUTIONS TO LAND DEGRADATION Introduction Solutions dealing with Animals, Cultivation and HorticulturalPractices Technical Solutions Vegetation-Related Solutions Economic, Social, Agency and Policy Solutions. 1. The MediterraneanBasin Economic, Social, Agency and Policy Solutions 2. The NewWorld Summary and Conclusions

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Book SynopsisThis introductory palaeontology text demonstrates the importance of fossils in geological and biological studies, particularly in understanding evolutionary patterns, palaeoenvironmental analysis and stratigraphy.Table of ContentsWhat is Palaeontology? KEY CONCEPTS. Fossils and Fossilization. Fossils as Living Organisms. Fossils and Evolution. Fossils and Stratigraphy. Summary of Part I. THE MAIN FOSSIL GROUPS. Introduction To The Fossil Record. Molluscs: Bivalves and Gastropods. Molluscs: Cephalopods. Brachiopods. Echinoderms. Trilobites. Corals. Graptolites. Bryozoans. Microfossils: Foraminifera.Microfossils: Ostracods. Trace Fossils. Summary of Part II. FOSSILS AS INFORMATION. Data From The Fossil Record.Studies in Paleobiology. Studies in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis. Studies in Stratigraphy. Summary of Part III. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisEvery year a landslide disaster occurs somewhere in Europe. Destructive events are fortunately infrequent but when they do occur they are often tragic in their effects. Europe is heavily populated and development is expanding into areas where natural events are more likely to happen. Landslide Recognition is written by specialists from several European institutions and is designed to portray the diagnostic features of landslides as they would appear in the field, on maps or in photographs. Brief descriptions are provided and some guidance is given in the area in which different landslide types might be expected. This book will assist planners, developers, engineers and earth scientists to recognise where a problem may exist and to diagnose what type of failure may occur. The correct investigations and remedial measures may then be applied.Table of ContentsFall (J. Flageollet and D. Weber). Topple (R. Dikau, et al.). Slide (Rational) (J. Buma and T. van Asch). Slide (Transitional) (M. Ibsen, et al.). Lateral Spreading (A. Pasuto, et al.). Flow (C. Bisci, et al.). Complex (M. Angeli, et al.). Appendices. Glossary. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisA highly readable book on the nature of beaches, including thedynamics of the shoreface, surf, swash and backbeach, and globallyat the regional variations in beach systems from the tropics to thepoles. The beach and adjacent shoreface are the most dynamic part of theEarth''s surface. They represent a narrow zone where waves, tidesand winds continously interact, producing, wherever sediment isavailable, hundreds of thousands of kilometres of beach systems.Beaches are also the focus of intense pressure from users anddevelopers, and for these reasons alone a knowledge of beachsystems and their morphodynamics is critical to their sustainablemanagement. This book is the first to: * provide an in-depth and holistic view of beach systems, lookingboth in detail at the different beach zones and globally at rangeof parameters influencing regional variation * examine the relationship between beaches and ancillary dunesystems and includes chapters on beach ecoloTrade Review"It provides an excellent overview of many aspects of beachgeography...The book is a hugely successful and interesting productwhich deserves to run to several edition." (Progress in PhysicalGeography, Vol.25 No.4, 2001) "...a deep and well researched account of beach morphodynamicsand coastal evolution..." (Ocean Challenge)Table of ContentsBEACH SYSTEMS: DEFINITION AND GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE. Beaches (A. Short). Global Variation in Beach Systems (A. Short). BEACH MORPHODYNAMICS. The Shoreface (P. Cowell, et al.). The Surf Zone (T. Aagaard & G. Masselink). The Beachface (M. Hughes & I. Turner) The Beach Backshore and Beyond (P. Hesp). BEACH TYPES AND APPLICATIONS. Wave-Dominated Beaches (A. Short). The Effect of Tides on Beach Morphodynamics (G. Masselink & I.Turner). Embayed and Structurally Controlled Beaches (A. Short & G.Masselink). BEACH SYSTEMS AND IMPACTS. Beach Modification: Natural Impacts on Beach Morphodynamics (A.Short). Beach Ecology (A. Short & P. Hesp). Beach and Dune Stratification (A. Short & P. Hesp). Beach Hazards and Safety (A. Short). LARGE SCALE BEACH BEHAVIOUR. Barrier Morphodynamics (P. Hesp & A. Short). References. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThis text argues that hydrologists of the 21st century should look beyond the traditional boundaries of river channel, or river catchment areas to consider how water resources can be managed in an integrated and sustainable way.Table of ContentsThe Changing Roles of Hydrology (R. Wilby). Continuity in Hydrological Systems (A. Baird). Hydrochemical Processes (C. Soulsby). Hydrological Monitoring and Measurement Methods (K. Boucher). Hydrological Modelling in Practice (G. Watts). Operational Hydrology (R. Wilby & G. Davies). Hydrological and Ecological Interactions within River Corridors (G.Petts & C. Bradley). Palaeohydrology and Environmental Change in Drylands (P. Barker& D. Higgitt). Beyond the River Catchment (R. Wilby). Index.

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Book SynopsisSlow sand filtration is credited with being the first drinking water treatment process utilised to improve the quality of water in both modern Europe and the USA. Within the last 10 years, there has been a renaissance of interest in the potential use of enhanced processes of slow sand filtration throughout the world, especially for small and rural communities, and it continues to be the primary treatment process for many major European cities. The book deals with the latest research developments in slow sand and alternative biological filtration processes for drinking water treatment, including advances in the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the processes. In addition, progress in the techniques of operation and upgrading of the processes are described, with case studies from around the world. The principal themes of the book are: General overview; Removal of Natural Organic Matter (NOM), Biodegradable Organic Carbon (BOC) and Ozonation by-products; Biofilter media charaTable of ContentsPartial table of contents: GENERAL OVERVIEW. Update on Slow Sand/Advanced Biological Filtration Research (D.Brink & S. Parks). BIOFILTER MEDIA CHARACTERIZATIONS. The Significance of Protozoal Predation and Adsoprtion for theRemoval of Bacteria by Slow Sand Filtration (B. Llyod). Impact of Support Media and Properties on the Biological Treatmentof Drinking Water (B. Dussert & W. Tramposch). MODELLING SLOW SAND/BIO-FILTRATION PERFORMANCE. Dynamic Prediction of Sand Filtrate Quality (S. Shiba). Numerical Assessment of Microbial Interactions in Slow SandFiltration Modelling (C. Ojha & N. Graham). CLEANING AND OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCES. Managing Slow Sand Filters in Crisis: Some Good Comes Out of AnIndustrial Dispute ( P. Toms). ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) Rapid Microbiology for Slow SandFiltration Optimization (A. Mackay, et al.).

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Book SynopsisProvides a timely and comprehensive review of all methods of remediation of land and water contaminated by pesticides with contributions from experts in industry, government and academia. The safe disposal of pesticide wastes is one of the most critical issues in the whole field of pesticide technology and this book covers all the main methods for reducing the concentration of pesticide waste, including incineration and destruction by micro-organisms (bioremediation). It discusses new remediation methods, pesticide production and generation of pesticide waste, focusing on the prevention of spills and accidental contamination. There is also a chapter on regulation authored by two members of the US Environment Agency. This is a first class book of interest to anyone involved in the production, use and clean-up of pesticides.Trade Review"...this is an excellent [volume] of considerable value to all professionals involved in the production, use and regrettably the clean-up of pesticides, which are now a requisite for increasing agricultural production and yields.", , , International Journal of Environmental Studies#"... a valuable contribution for those interested in dealing with the problems of pesticide waste and soil contamination treatment. It compiles a wealth of scientific and technological information which would be tedious to obtain otherwise.", , , European Journal of Soil Science#Table of ContentsUser Sites and the Generation of Pesticide Waste (A. Felsot). Industrial Aspects of Remediation--Environmental Safety (D. Paulson). Disposal Options Based on Properties of Pesticides in Soil and Water (P. Kearney & R. Wauchope). Pesticide Fate and Behavior in Soil at Elevated Concentrations (J. Gan & W. Koskinen). Incineration as a Pesticide Remediation Method (E. Steverson). Thermal Desportion (W. Troxler). Landfarming Pesticide-Contaminated Soils (A. Felsot). Direct Radical Oxidation Processes (C. Hapeman & A. Torrents). Pesticide Bioremediation: Genetic and Ecological Considerations (D. Shelton & J. Karns). Biostimulation: Enhancement of Cometabolic Processes to Remediate Pesticide-Contaminated Soils (R. Zablotowicz, et al.). Phytoremediation (E. Arthur & J. Coats). Innovation Remediation Technology (M. Rock, et al.). Photochemical Processes (L. Muszkat). Regulatory Aspects of Pesticide Remediation (N. Fitz & J. Jensen). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis popular dream of "escaping into the countryside" has caused great change in the population structures of Western society in this century.Table of ContentsMigration, Rurality and the Post-Productivist Countryside (K. Halfacree & P. Boyle). Studying Counterurbanisation and the Rural Population Turnaround (T. Champion). Counterurbanisation and Social Class (T. Fielding). Contrasting the Counterurbanisation Experience in European Nations (T. Kontuly). Concentrated Immigration, Restructuring and the 'Selective' Deconcentration of the United States Population (W. Frey & K. Johnson). The Hypothesis of Welfare-Led Migration to Rural Areas: The Australian Case (G. Hugo & M. Bell). Inside Looking Out; Outside Looking in. Different Experiences of Cultural Competence in Rural Lifestyles (P. Cloke, et al.). Indigeneity, Identity and Locality: Perspectives on Swaledale (S. Fielding). Class, Colonisation and Lifestyle Strategies in Gower (P. Cloke, et al.). Middle Class Mobility, Rural Communities and the Politics of Exclusion (J. Murdoch & G. Day). Neo-Tribes, Migration and the Post-Productivist Countryside (K. Halfacree). Counterurbanisation, Fragmentation and the Paradox of the Rural Idyll (M. Gorton, et al.). Planning by Numbers: Migration and Statistical Governance (S. Abram, et al.). Neglected Gender Dimensions of Rural Social Restructuring (J. Agg & M. Phillips). Migration into Rural Communities: Questioning the Language of Counterurbanisation (J. Allen & E. Mooney). Migration into Rural Areas: A Collective Behaviour Framework? (P. Boyle and K. Halfacree). List of Illustrations. List of Tables. List of Contributors. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis unique work introduces the basic principles of artificial intelligence with applications in geographical teaching and research, GIS, and planning. Written in an accessible, non-technical and witty style, this book marks the beginning of the Al revolution in geography with major implications for teaching and research.Table of ContentsArtificial Intelligence and Geography. A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence. Heuristic Search in Geography. Expert Systems and Intelligent Knowledge-based Systems. Neurocomputing. Applying Artificial Neural Networks. Evolutionary Computation, Genetic Algorithms, Evolution Strategiesand Genetic Programming. Artificial Life. Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Systems and Soft Computing. Conclusions and Epilogue. Index.

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Book SynopsisRecent controversies over the political and environmental management of the Antarctic ensure that it will remain an important global issue. Drawing on recent developments in critical geopolitics and cultural geography, Klaus Dodds examines the six major nations of the Southern hemisphere currently involved in the Antarctic. Each of these nations - Argentina, Australia, Chile, India, New Zealand and South Africa - claims a ''natural'' interest in the future of the polar continent. Geopolitics in Antarctica presents a detailed exploration of the rhetoric and politics behind each of these claims, arguing that they are often based on uncritical understandings of territory, geographical proximity and national identity. The book concludes with an examination of how geographical understandings of the Antarctic continue to influence the management of the frozen continent and Southern Ocean.Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Southern Oceanic Rim States and Antarctica. Critical Geopolitics and Geo-Graphing of Antarctica. Argentina and Antartida Argentina. Australia and Australian Antarctic Territory. Chile and Territorio Chileno Antartico. India and the Antarctic. New Zealand and the Ross Dependency. South Africa and the Antarctic. Conclusions and the Future of Antarctica. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis work discusses the design, maintenance and management problems in estuaries that sedimentary movements cause, and how to predict such movement in the future. The collection of papers explores these issues from both the engineers and the scientists viewpoint.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. CONFERENCE OVEVIEW. One of the Characterisation of Cohesive Sediment for Transport Modelling (W. Parker). The in-situ Determination of the Settling Velocities of Suspended Fine-Grained Sediment--a review (D. Eisma and K. Dyer). The Kolmogorov Microscale as a Limiting Value for the Floc sizes of Suspended Fine-Grained Sediments in Estuaries (W. van Leussen). Temporal Variability in Aggregate Size and Settling Velocity in the Oosterschelde (The Netherlands) (W. ten Brinke). Direct Measurements of Settling Velocities in the Owen Tube: A Comparison with Gravimetric Analysis (M. Dearnaley). Estimation of Settling Flux Spectra in Estuaries Using INSSEV (M. Fennessy, et al.). SETTLING AND CONSOLIDATION. Consolidation of Cohesive Sediments in Settling Columns (G. Sills). Towards a New Constitutive Equation for Effective Stress in Self-Weight Consolidation (E. Toorman and H. Huysentruyt). GENERAL DESCRIPTIVE DYNAMICS/CASE STUDY. Turbidity Maxima Formation in Four Estuaries (A. Arundale, et al.). EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION. Interfacial Hydrodynamics and Entertainment Functions of Currently Used Erosion Devices (G. Gust and V. Müller). On the Development of Instruments for in situ Erosion Measurements (J. Cornelisse, et al). Developments in the Combined use of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and Profiling Siltmeters for Suspended Solids Monitoring (J. Land, et al.). A Laboratory Study of Cohesive Sediment Transport (M. Crapper and K. Ali). DEPOSITION AND EROSION. Biological Mediation of Sediment Erodibility: Ecology and Physical Dynamics (D. Paterson). Microbiological Factors Contributing to Erosion Resistance in Natural Cohesive Sediments (K. Black). Erosion of Mixed Cohesive/Non-Cohesive Sediments in Uniform Flow (H. Torfs). Size-Dependent Erosion of Two-Silty-Clay Sediment Mixtures (A. Teeter, et al.). Erosion of Fluid Mud by Entrainment (J. Winterwerp and C. Kranenburg). Critical Shear Stresses for Erosion and Deposition of Fine Suspeded Sediments of the Fraser River (B. Krishnappan and P. Engel). Interpreting Observations of Near-Bed Sediment Concentration and Estimation of 'Pick-up' Function Constants (J. Aldridge and J. Rees). Experiments on Erosion of Mud from the Danish Wadden Sea (C. Johansen, et al). BIOLOGY AND WAVE EFFECTS. A Review of Rheometric Methods for use with Fine Sediments (T. Jones). On the Liquefaaction and Erosion of Mud due to Waves and Current (P. de Wit and C. Kranenburg). Mud Fluidization by Water Waves (Y. Li and J. Mehta). Erosion and Liquefaction of Natural Mud Under Surface Waves (H. Verbeek and J. Cornelisse). MODELLING. A Review of Cohesive Sediment Transport Models (C. Teisson). Modelling Multiphase Sediment Transport in Estuaries (D. Willis and N. Crookshank). Numerical Modelling of Mud and Sand Mixtures (T. Chesher and M. Ockenden). Mass Fluxes in Fluid-Mud Layers on an Inclined Bed (T. Kusuda, et al.). Fluid and Sediment "Integrated" Modelling Application to Fluid Mud Flows in Estuaries (P. le Hir). Equilibrium Hypsometry of Fine-Grained Shore Profiles (S. Lee and A. Mehta). Simulating Turbulent Vertical Exchange of Mud with a Reynolds Stress Model (J. Galland, et al.). An Intercomparison Exercise of Cohesive Sediment Transport Numerical Models (L. Hamm, et al.).

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Book SynopsisDuring the 1970s and early 1980s, the Middle East and North Africa were perceived as being exceptionally successful, but now the region is viewed as a resounding economic and social failure. Islam is not only a religion, but also a political and social project. A major pretext of this work is to demonstrate how the tensions within Islamic movements feed directly into the economic, social, political, historical and religious arena of the region, and vice versa. An introductory chapter sets the context of the book. The core chapters of the book comprise an in-depth examination of the varied forms of oil revenue abuse. For examples, the past mismanagement of the tremendous wealth provided by oil. Following Islamic beliefs, revenue from oil should not finance wasteful consumption, but used instead for public welfare. Abstaining from interest calculations, there should be a case for keeping more oil in the ground. Indeed, oil has also stifled industrial development, and with declining oil rTable of ContentsThe Social Promise of Islam. Merchants and Soldiers in Islamic Society. Oil and Islamic Economic Principles. Oil and Muslim Societies. Rentier States Under Pressure. Islamism as a Social Protest and a National Assertion. Islamism and Oil Policy. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisA critical issue which is fundamentally affecting the development of the Earth Observation sector is not so much the technology but the data policy. The conditions which govern access to the data, distribution of the data and the price of the data are now vital to the exploitation of this important environmental data resource.Table of ContentsInfluencing Factors. Existing Policies and Policy Making Processes. Physical Access to Earth Observation Data. Data Protection. Data Pricing Policy. Data Preservation. Conclusions and Recommendations. Appendix. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe discipline of Stochastic Processes is usually treated as a branch of mathematics, and there are plenty of books for mathematicians on the subject. Equally, there are very many books, both for statisticians and environmental scientists, on Time Series Analysis, analysing the structure of data sequences where measurements are made at equal time-intervals and are free from intermittent behaviour. But this book deals with the analysis of events which occur intermittently in time and space; through a very wide range of examples drawn from many areas of environmental science in which the role of water is central, the book shows how the same analytical procedures can be applied to very many different problems. The book s many examples include: analysis of time intervals between el Ni?o events, frequency of dry spells, the relation between heavy rainfall and flooding, occurrences of gravel disturbance in upland trout streams which damages trout spawn deposits and the cellular structure of Table of ContentsModels: Deterministic, Time Series and Stochastic. Mathematical Preliminaries. Markov Chains: Applications to Modelling of Daily Rainfall. More on Markov Chains: Storage. Stochastic Reservoir Theory Applied to Rainfall-RunoffModelling. The Poisson and Related Processes. Random Walks and Diffusion Processes. Some Computational Methods. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text deals with methods of measuring the flow in rivers and open channels to obtain the necessary data to serve, among others, the following functions: the supply of water systems; the control of pollution; the design of highway bridges and culverts; flood management; and power production.Table of ContentsFlow Measurement. Hydrometric Instrumentation. Measuring up to Water Resources Assessment. Long River Flow Records. Precipitation Measuring (Weather) Radar. Satellite Remote Sensing in Hydrometry. Groundwater. Transmission of Hydrometric Data by Satellite. Tree Ring Analysis in Hydrometry. Maximising the Utility of River Flow Data. Hydrometric Data Processing. Uncertainties.

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Book SynopsisStrategic minerals are a major element of resource geopolitics. The US has always provided the umbrella for the West and is now the global policeman on strategic mineral supply. As the global economic system has developed it has become increasingly clear that the geopolitical balance in global mineral supply is focused on the countries of the former Soviet Union, China and South Africa. The entire import list of US non-fuel minerals is examined in the context of import dependence, the criticality of end-use and the vulnerability of sources. This analysis builds up a complete picture of the varying levels of vulnerability for each mineral, allowing lists of both key and marginal strategic minerals to be compiled. The major sources of these minerals and their relative potential problems of supply are considered. These problems range from geopolitical concerns to the monopolistic agency of multinationals and cartels to the mechanistics of sea-line communications. The book concludes with aTable of ContentsStrategic Mineral Vulnerability. Strategic Mineral Sources. The Geopolitical Foci. Strategic Mineral Geopolitics. Current Position, Possible Options and General Conclusions. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume aims to provide an introduction to the subject of environmental geology. Urban environment is emphasized as the book aims to focus on the relevance of environmental geology to modern society.Table of ContentsEnvironmental Geology: Definition, Scope and Tools. The Geology of Resource Management. Economic Mineral Resources. Construction Resources: Geomaterials. Water Resources. Aesthetic and Scientific Geological Resources. Engineering Geology. Engineering Geology in Extreme Environments. Waste and Pollution Management. The Geology of Natural Hazards. Exogenic Hazards. Endogenic Hazards. Environmental Geology: An Urban Concept. Index.

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Book SynopsisStratigraphy is the key to understanding the geological evolution of the earth. It provides the framework for our interpretation of the sequences of events which have shaped the earth throughout its 4600 million years of existence.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Introduction: Unlocking the Stratigraphical Record (P. Doyle &M. Bennett). ESTABLISHING THE SEQUENCE. Remote Sensing and Lithostratigraphy (M. Bussell). Evolutionay Concepts in Biostratigraphy (P. Pearson). Cyclostratigraphy (A. Gale). Borehole Data and Geophysical Log Stratigraphy (A.Whittaker). Sequence Stratigraphy (S. Vincent, et al.). INTERPRETING THE RECORD. Interpreting Sea Level (A. Hallam). Interpreting Orogenic Belts: Principles and Examples (D.Harper). Index.

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Book SynopsisThere is growing concern over the conservation and management of European wet grasslands. The maintenance of the European wet grassland landscape, including floodplain meadows and coastal grazing marshes or pastures, through traditional low-intensity farming has conserved a habit supporting internationally important plant and animal communities, including many rare species. However,land use changes such as flood defence, land drainage, agricultural intensification and neglect have caused a considerable reduction in the extent and biodiversity of European wet grasslands. The international importance of the habitat for biodiversity conservation has recently been recognised with its inclusion in the European Union Habitats and Species Directive and the Convention on Biological Diversity fostered by the United Nations. This volume thoroughly examines European perspectives of wet grassland ecology in order to encourage an integrated approach to contemporary issues. Important topics covered Trade Review"...well written and edited and is an interesting and useful publication." --Wildfowl Wetlands, November 2000 "...a valuable contribution to the understanding of wet grassland ecology and to knowledge necessary for the conservation of this important semi-natural habitat." --Flora, No. 195, 2000Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Wet Grasslands: A European Perspective (C. Joyce P. Wade). STATUS. The Conservation of Lowland Wet Grassland in England (R. JeffersonP. Grice). The Ecology of Floodplain Grasslands in Estonia (L. Truus A.Tnisson). BIODIVERSITY. The Formation, Vegetation and Management of Sea-Shore Grasslands inWest Estonia (E. Puurmann U. Ratas). The Important Habitats and Characteristic Rare Invertebrates ofLowland Wet Grassland in England (M. Drake). MANAGEMENT. Dynamics of Plant Litter in Riparian Meadows: Setting a Referencefor Management (S. Xiong C. Nilsson). Managing Water for Wetland Ecosystems: A Case Study (A. ArmstrongS. Rose). RESTORATION. Residual Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on the Restoration ofFloristic Diversity to Wet Grassland (J. Tallowin, et al.). Restoration of a Target Wet Grassland Community on Ex-Arable Land(S. Manchester, et al.). Glossary. Vascular Plant Nomenclature. Index.

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Book SynopsisCombines a view of energy markets with a perspective of the relevant environmental issues involved. In the book, these two themes are merged by investigating how the major players in the oil market respond to the challenges from the world of environmental politics.Table of ContentsISSUES, BACKGROUND AND ANALYTICAL APPROACH. The Environmental Challenges. Oil Company Characteristics. Analytical Framework. EMPIRICAL STUDIES. Shell. Exxon. British Petroleum plc. Amoco. Statoil. Environmental Strategies in the Refinery Sector. Oil Industry Lobby Organisations. Conclusions. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisRisk assessment is an important part of the formal EIA process. This text provides an overview of risk assessment methods and tools applicable to environmental management problems. It also covers concepts and techniques/methodologies for performing human health and environmental risk assessments.Trade Review"... systematic and comprehensive in its discussion of the subjectmatter .... offers a detailed and insightful overview of riskassessment methodologies, covering both human health assessment andenvironmental assessment." Veerle Heyvaert, Reciel "This book offers a didactically well-presented, mainlytheoretical, systematic and no-nonsense approach to environmentalrisk assessment. ... This book targets environmental consultingprofessionals, environmental managers in industry, environmentalregulatory officials, public health and environmental healthprofessionals and policy analysts. Through its scope, its systematic approach and its accessibilityfor a wide array of environmental specialists, this book could wellbecome a standard reference in its field." Luc Hens,InternationalJournal of Environment and Pollution ...an excellent scholarly and comprehensive document whichshould be quite valuable for practitioners..." (TheEnvironmentalist, Vol.22, 2002)Table of ContentsA GENERAL OVERVIEW. The Nature of Environmental Contamination Problems. Characterization of Environmental Contamination Problems. Legislative-Regulatory Control Needs for the Management ofEnvironmental Contamination Problems. PRINCIPLES OF RISK ASSESSMENT. Fundamentals of Hazard, Exposure, and Risk Assessment. The Risk Assessment Process. Basic Concepts in Risk Assessment Practice. PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF A RISK ASSESSMENT. Determination of Contaminant Fate and Behavior in theEnvironment. Hazard Identification, Data Collection, and Data Evaluation. Design of Conceptual Models and Exposure Analysis. The Toxicology of Environmental Contaminants and Hazard EffectsDetermination. Risk Characterization and Uncertainty Analysis. RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES AND METHODS OF APPROACH. Human Health Risk Assessments. Ecological Risk Assessments. Probabilistic Risk Assessments. DETERMINATION OF ACCEPTABLE RISK-BASED LIMITS FOR ENVIRONMENTALCHEMICALS. General Protocols for Establishing Acceptable ChemicalConcentrations and Environmental Quality Criteria. Development of Risk-Based Remediation Goals. THE ROLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTDECISIONS. Illustrative Examples of Risk Assessment Practice. Design of Risk Management Programs. Risk Assessment Applications to Environmental ManagementProblems. APPENDICES. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe last decade has been a period of rapid advances in glacier hydrology and hydrochemistry. These have resulted from the application of new technologies to the direct observation of englacial and subglacial drainage systems via boreholes, from theoretical advances and from increased interactions between fieldworkers and modellers. This collection of papers captures the spirit of these advances highlighting new methodologies, the change in character of hydrological models from lumped conceptual models to physically based, distributed models, and the changing role of field studies in glacier hydrological investigations. Major themes identified in the book are: approaches to defining the structure of drainage systems in cold and temperate glaciers; investigations of the linkages between surface and subsurface components of these systems, and of hydraulic interactions between different elements of subglacial systems; seasonal changes in drainage system properties at local and glacier wideTable of ContentsEffect of Snow and Firn Hydrology on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Glacial Runoff (A. Fountain). Isotopic and Ionic Variations in Glacier River Water During Three Contrasting Ablation Seasons (W. Theakstone N. Knudsen). The Hydrochemistry of Runoff from a 'Cold Based' Glacier in the High Arctic (Scott Turnerbreen, Svalbard) (R. Hodgkins, et al.). Hydrochemistry as an Indicator of Subglacial Drainage System Structure: A Comparison of Alpine and Sub-Polar Environments (M. Tranter, et al.). Impact of Subglacial Geothermal Activity on Meltwater Quality in the Jokulsa a Solheimasandi System, Southern Iceland (D. Lawler, et al.). Velocity-Discharge Relationships Derived from Dye Tracer Experiments in Glacial Meltwaters: Implications for Subglacial Flow Conditions (P. Nienow, et al.). Links Between Proglacial Stream Suspended Sediment Dynamics, Glacier Hydrology and Glacier Motion at Midtdalsbreen, Norway (I. Willis, et al.). Impact of Post-Mixing Chemical Reactions on the Major Ion Chemistry of Bulk Meltwaters Draining the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland (G. Brown, et al.). Experimental Investigations of the Weathering of Suspended Sediment by Alpine Glacial Meltwater (G. Brown, et al.). Statistical Evaluation of Glacier Boreholes as Indicators of Basal Drainage Systems (C. Smart). The Use of Borehole Video in Investigating the Hydrology of a Temperate Glacier (L. Copland, et al.). In Situ Measurements of Basal Water Quality and Pressure as an Indicator of the Character of Subglacial Drainage Systems (D. Stone G. Clarke). Variability in the Chemical Composition of In- Situ Subglacial Meltwaters (M. Tranter, et al.). Seasonal Reorganization of Subglacial Drainage Inferred from Measurements in Boreholes (S. Gordon, et al.). An Integrated Approach to Modelling Hydrology and Water Quality in Glacierized Catchments (K. Richards, et al.). Initial Results from a Distributed, Physically Based Model of Glacier Hydrology (N. Arnold, et al.). Towards a Hydrological Model for Computerized Ice-Sheet Simulations (R. Alley). Index.

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Book SynopsisProvides the first comprehensive review of the evolution of tropical rain forests on a continent by continent basis, within an up--to--date tectonic, palaeogeographical and palaeoclimatic framework primarily by reference to the record of fossil pollens and spores.Trade Review"No other book contains such an in-depth study of the history and evolution of rain forests set in a geological framework...this will stand as a definitive treatise on the subject." (Biologist, November 2000) "This book gives an unsurpassed state of the art account and should be used and read by all students of tropical rain forests, vegetation history and history of Angiosperms" (Blumea, Vol 44/2, 1999) "...will be of interest to all concerned with tropical rain forests." (Bois et Forest des Tropiques, Vol 265, 2000) "...The quality and the high number of illustrations ...as well as a well-selected, although not exhaustive, bibliography, makes this book enjoyable to read." (Journal of Quaternary Science, July 2003) Table of ContentsPresent-Day Tropical Rain Forests. Geological Time Framework, Palaeoecological and Palaeoclimate Definitions. Geological Evidence for Rain Forests. Early Angiosperm History and the First Megathermal Rain Forests. South and Middle America. Africa. India. Southeast Asia and the Eastern Pacific. Australasia. Northern Hemisphere Megathermal Rain Forests. Interplate Dispersal Paths and Land Bridges. Synthesis. The Future of Rain Forests? Appendix. Glossary. References. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisAt the dawn of this century, economics and economic growth was driven by industry. As we near the end of the century, money and the money markets are an industry unto themselves which now drives the global economy. Addressing one of the hottest topics in the field, this book explores the geography of the international flow of money.Table of ContentsMoney and the Economic Landscape. Stages of Banking Development and the Spatial Evolution of Financial Systems. The Development of Financial Centres: Location, Information Externalities and Path Dependence. Securing a Foothold in the Sands of Finance: Centralisation and Decentralisation of Monetary Structures. Credit Flows and the Spatial Organisation of the Financial System: The UK and Germany. The Restructuring of British Retail Finance Space. Selling Off the State: Privatisation and the Space Economy of Shareholding. Redrawing the Boundaries. Private Pensions and Urban Development. Financing Entreprenuership: Venture Capital and Regional Development in Europe and the USA. Local Financial Systems and Regional Industrial Development: The Italian Case. Corporate Recapitalisations and the Economic Landscape: Leveraged Buyouts in the Food Retail Sector. International Banking Centres, Foreign Banks and the Space Economy. Globalisation, Regulation and the Changing Organisation of Retail Banking in Britain and the USA. The Crisis of Territorial Embeddedness of International Financial Markets. Offshore Onshore: Re-Shaping the Financial Regulatory Landscape. The Hypermobility of Capital and the Collapse of the Keynesian State.

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Book SynopsisThis text maps out new networks of information and power, and presents an overview of one of the strongest growing areas in geography, namely technology. It is covered in three parts: conceptualizing electronic space; global electronic commerce; and urban, regional and national development.Table of ContentsSpace, Place and Technology in an Electronic Age (M. Wilson & K. Corey). CONCEPTUALIZING ELECTRONIC SPACE. The End of Geography or the Explosion of Place? Conceptualizing Space, Place and Information Technology (S. Graham). Telecom Tectonics and the Meaning of Electronic Space (M. Wilson & C. Arrowsmith). Human Rights and Welfare in the Electronic State (S. Brunn). GLOBAL ELECTRONIC COMMERCE. Telecommunications and Governance in Multinational Enterprises (E. Roche & M. Blaine). Telecommunications and 24-Hour Trading in the International Securities Industry (J. Langdale). Japanese Information Services in the Late Twentieth Century (B. Warf). URBAN, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. Cyberstructure and Social Forces - The Japanese Experience (T. Morris-Suzuki & P. Rimmer). Electronic Space - Creating Cyber Communities in Southeast Asia (K. Corey). Neighbours - Australian and Indonesian Telecommunications Connections (P. Rimmer). The Economic Development of Peripheral Rural Areas in the Information Age (R. Richardson & A. Gillespie). Telematics, Geography, and Economic Development - Can Local Initiatives Provide a Strategic Response? (D. Gibbs, et al). References and Bibliography. List of Contributors. Index.

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Book SynopsisExamines the relationship between habitat and ecosystem dynamics. Covering habitats ranging from mountains to floodplains to coastal dunes and rivers, this text discusses how the biological and physical processes interact in each habitat. It is suitable for conservationists, environmental consultants, managers and engineers.Table of ContentsList of contributors. Preface. Relations Between Nature Conservation and the Physical Environment (A. Warren and J.R. French). Mountain Resources and Conservation (N. Bayfield). Valley-Side Slopes (A. Warren). Conservation and the River Channel Environment (N. Clifford). Floodplains (F. Hughes and S. Rood). Lakes (L. Carvalho and N. Anderson). Freshwater Wetlands (J. Thompson and C. Finlayson). Physical Contexts for Saltmarsh Conservation (J. French and D. Reed). Coastal Dunes (S.M. Arens, et al.). Climate Change and Nature Conservation (C. Agnew and S. Fennessy). Sea-Level Rise (J. French and T. Spencer). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis accessible volume fills a much-needed gap and addresses coreissues on how economic and environmental systems are interconnectedlooking at how economic frameworks and features of environmentalsystems can be integrated within formal models to address changesand associated resource management issues at appropriate levels:micro level and national or global level. The more the relationship between economic and environmentalsystems is studied analytically and empirically, the more aware webecome of the gap in our existing knowledge of environmental dataand process parameters. While important empirical questions areunanswered in environmental economics literature, work on theenvironmental science of ecological systems fails to raise theright questions and identify key variables in human-exploitedecosystems. This book covers: * Concepts and Methods * Land, Water and Production * Biodiversity, Preservation and Production * Pollution Externalities * TheTable of ContentsCONCEPTS AND METHODS. Economic-Ecological Modelling and Sustainability: A Guideline (W.Hediger). Periodicity and Structural Breaks in Environmetric Time Series (P.Franses). On the Bounds of the Economic Lore of Nicely Calculated Less orMore for Natural Environments (T. Crocker J. Shogren). LAND, WATER AND PRODUCTION. Integrating Environmental and Irrigation Management in Large-scaleWater Resource Systems (N. Dudley). Small-scale Water Resource Systems and Environment: Models forManagement (S. Mahendrarajah). Salinity Management: Coupling Physical and Economic ModellingApproaches (J. Gomboso, et al.). Economic Modelling of Land Degradation in Developing Countries (I.Coxhead). BIODIVERSITY, CONSERVATION AND PRODUCTION. The Use of Contingent Valuation of Species Preservation in DecisionAnalysis (J. Kennedy). Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Preferences (D. McKenney, etal.). Wildlife Production: Economics and Management (E. Wilman). POLLUTION EXTERNALITIES. Modelling and Economics of Effluent Management in Municipalities(J. Krawczyk). Optimal Taxation for the Reduction of Nitrogen Surplus in DutchDairy Farms, 1975-1989 (P. Fontein, et al.). The Economics of Health and Environment Interrelations (T. ZuidemaA. Nentjes). ENVIRONMENT AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY. A Comparative Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Australia,Germany and the United Kingdom (M. Common, et al.). Environmental Policy and International Trade (W. McKibbin P.Wilcoxen). Modelling Global Common Fisheries Exploitation and Regulation (N.Long). Index.

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Book SynopsisExamining perspectives on time, how and why we measure time as we do, and time in relation to our lives, the author launches a wide-ranging enquiry into this elusive concept. The book looks at time and the universe as a whole, from the "beginnings" of time through to the present.Table of ContentsWhat Do We Mean When We Talk About Time? Clocks and Calendars. Time and Life. Human Time. The Artistic View of Time. A Growing Sense of Geological Time. Geochronometry. Stratigraphy. The Solar System and Beyond. Cosmology. The Philosophy of Time. What Do We Understand When We Think About Time? Further Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisA basic textbook introducing the scientific principles involved in studying the structure and functioning of the biosphere. It uses worldwide examples and stresses human impact. Written with non-specialist readers in mind, it covers knowledge and techniques of investigation.Table of ContentsTHE UNITY OF LIFE. Levels of Organization. Chemical Composition of the Biota. Genes, Chromosomes and Reproduction. Evolution. The Classification of Organisms. Energy, Nutrients and Life Processes. ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION. Photosynthesis and Primary Production. Heterotrophic Organisms and Secondary Production. The Transfer of Energy and Matter Through Ecosystems. Biogeochemical Cycling. THE HISTORY OF THE BIOPHERE. Understanding the Past. Life in the Archaean and Proterozoic Aeons. Life in the Phanerozoic Aeon. SPATIAL ASPECTS OF THE BIOSPHERE. The Geography of Taxa. Biogeographical Zones. Geographical Aspects of Biodiversity. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook covers both environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment. It relates to low and middle income countries in areas including Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia.Trade Review"On the whole, it is a valuable volume, not only for academics and students but also for practitioners such as planners, decision makers, development bank officers, non-governmental organizations and others." (Jnl of Environmental Planning & Management, Vol.44, No.6, 2001)Table of ContentsIntroduction (N. Lee & C. George). EA PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES AND PRACTICE. Environmental Assessment in its Developmental and Regulatory Context (N. Lee). Comparative Review of Environmental Assessment Procedures and Practice (C. George). Screening and Scoping (C. Wood). Environmental Impact Prediction and Evaluation (C. George). Economic Valuation of Environmental Impacts (C. Kirkpatrick). Social Impact Assessment (F. Vanclay). Reviewing the Quality of Environmental Assessments (N. Lee). Methods of Consultation and Public Participation (R. Bisset). Integrating Appraisals and Decision-making (N. Lee). Environmental Monitoring, Management and Auditing (C. George). COUNTRY AND INSTITUTIONAL STUDIES OF EA PROCEDURES AND PRACTICE. Country Studies of EA in Chile, Indonesia and the Russian Federation (L. Contreras, et al.). Country Studies of EA in Nepal, Jordan and Zimbabwe (R. Khadka, et al.). Environmental Assessment in Development Banks and Aid Agencies (C. Rees, et al.). Strengthening Future Environmental Assessment Practice: An International Perspective (H. Abaza). Index.

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental economics embraces the issues of market failures, pollution control, environment protection and resource allocation. This text is concerned with ways and means to achieve this allocation through government intervention by way of statutory regulation.Trade Review"...The book is both literate and easy to read..." (Ecological Economics, Vol.40, 2002) "...highly informed and informative..." (Eastern Economic Journal) "...a well written introductory text..." (The Environmentalist, Vol.22, 2002)Table of ContentsEconomics and the Environment. Luminaries. Institutions. Sustainable Development. Direct Regulation. Economic Instruments. Cost-Benefit Analysis and Valuation. Air, Land and Water Issues. Global Warming. Population and the Quality of Life. Bibliography. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisSince 1981, a great deal has been learned about the worlda s Quaternary Ice Sheets. This book summarizes current understanding about the evolution of the last ice sheets and their response to and influence on environmental change.Trade Review"...The book should become essential reading in any Quaternary, glacial geology and glaciology course." Geological MagazineTable of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Causes of Ice Ages. Indicators of Ice Volume and Climate Change. The Flow of Ice and Ice Sheet Modelling. Late Quaternary Geology I - Terrestrial: Glacial Morphology and Sedimentology. Late Quaternary Geology II - Raised Shorelines and Continental Shelf. Late Quaternary Geology III - Continental Shelf-Break Sediments and Deep Sea Environments and Iceberg Debris. Late Quaternary Palaeoclimate. Late Quaternary Palaeoceanography. Ice Sheet Reconstructions I - The Antarctic Ice Sheet. Ice Sheet Reconstructions II - The Greenland Ice Sheet. Ice Sheet Reconstructions III - The British Isles Ice Sheet, Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Eurasian High Arctic Ice Sheets (Barents Ice Sheet). Ice Sheet Reconstructions IV - North America, Laurentide Ice Sheet, Cordilleran Ice Sheet, Innuitian Ice Sheet. Ice Sheet Reconstructions V - Remaining LGM Ice Cover, Iceland, South America: Patagonia and the Andes, South Island (New Zealand) and Tasmania, Mainland Europe, Tibet. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisBased on keynote addresses presented at the International Aeolian Conference in Oxford in July 1998, this book is the latest title in the British Geomorphological Research Group series.Trade Review"...a handsome and invaluable resource." "...would certainly recommend..." (Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 15/6, 2000) "...recommend it to all geographers and geologists...from the specialist to the occasional seeker of information on the topic." (New Phytologist, Vol 147, 2000) "the volume will be an excellent source for graduate students and professionals" (Progress in Physical Geography, Vol. 25 No.3, 2001)Table of ContentsThe History of Desert Dune Studies over the Last 100 Years (A. Goudie). Recent Investigations of Airflow and Sediment Transport Over Desert Dunes (W. Nickling & C. Neuman). Geomorphology of Desert Sand Seas (N. Lancaster). Coastal Dune Dynamics: Problems and Prospects (B. Bauer & D. Sherman). Coastal and Continental Dune Management into the Twenty-first Century (D. Thomas). Physics of Aeolian Movement Emphasising Changing of the Aerodynamic Roughness Height by Saltating Grains (the Owen Effect) (D. Gillette). Wind Erosion of Agricultural Land (J. Leys). Wind Erosional Landforms: Yardangs and Pans (A. Goudie). Dust Transport and Deposition (G. McTainsh). Loess (K. Pye & D. Sherwin). The Aeolian Rock Record (G. Kocurek). Dune Palaeoenvironments (V. Tchakerian). Luminescence Dating of Aeolian and Coastal Sand and Silt Deposits: Applications and Implications (A. Singhvi & A. Wintle). Conclusions (S. Stokes). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis new and updated edition is essential for those wanting to understand the limits to collective action on global environmental problems. It develops and applies the tools of regime analysis to the question of how the various global commons are, or fail to be, governed effectively.Trade Review"...a welcome revision of a valuable book..." ---- Aslib Book Guide, August 2000Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition International Agreements on the Global Commons Abbreviations and Acronyms 1 The Governance of the Commons The Nature of the Commons The Global Commons The 'Tragedy of the Commons' Governance and Regimes Notes 2 Regime Analysis Issue Areas Actors Principles and Norms Decision-making Procedures Rules Regime Change Notes 3 The Oceans The Law of the Sea Whaling Marine Pollution The Deep Seabed Summary Notes 4 Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty System - A Single Regime Principles and Norms Organization and Procedures Rules Monitoring and Enforcement Scientific Activity Summary Notes 5 Outer Space The Space Commons and Space Law Military Uses Environment and Space Debris Information Flow Orbit and Spectrum Summary Notes 6 The Atmosphere Stratospheric Ozone Climate Change Summary Notes 7 Regime Effectiveness Effectiveness as International Law Effectiveness as Transfer of Authority Effectiveness as Behaviour Modification Effectiveness as Problem Solving Regime Assessment Notes 8 Explaining Regime Incidence and Change Structural Explanations Utilitarian Explanations Plural Interests and Values Changing Cognitions - Epistemic Communities A Synthesis? Notes 9 Conclusion Global and Local Commons Multi-layer Governance Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisThis information--packed volume on marine geophysics has two objectives: to provide a clear comprehensive review of techniques, and to examine what geophysical observations can tell us about the structure and tectonics of the oceans.Table of ContentsPreview. Locating Offshore Observations. Seabed Imaging by Sonar and Lidar. Seismic Exploration at Sea: A Theoretical Background. Seismic Data Acquisition at Sea. The Marine Gravity Field. The Earth's Magnetic Field at Sea. Heat Flow. Investigations of the Sea Floor using Electrical Methods. Seabed Exploration using Radiometric Methods. Geophysical Observations in Offshore Boreholes. Deep-Sea Geophysics and the Changing Geometry of the Oceans. Studies of the Oceanic Lithosphere: The Sedimentary Cover. Studies of the Oceanic Lithosphere: The Crustal Basement and Upper Mantle. Investigations of Divergent and Transform Continental Margins. Studies of Subduction Zones. Index.

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