Diseases and disorders Books

Book SynopsisA memoir of triumph in the face of a terrifying diagnosis, Up the Down Escalator recounts Dr. Lisa Doggett’s startling shift from doctor to patient, as she learns to live with multiple sclerosis while running a clinic for uninsured patients in central Austin. Recounting before and after the discovery of her MS, she chronicles vexing symptoms while trying to be an attentive mother, wife, and a caring family doctor. 2024 Gold Winner, Benjamin Franklin Awards, Health & Fitness Category 2024 Silver Winner, Nautilus Book Awards, Medical Memoir Category 2024 Best of Austin in Austin Chronicle Readers Poll, Nonfiction Writer Category 2024 Winner, International Book Awards, Autobiography/Memoir Category and Health: Women''s Health Category 2024 Finalist, International Book Awards, Parenting and Family Category and Women''s Issues/Women''s Studies Category 2023 Finalist, IAN Book of the Year Awards, Non-Fiction: Health/Medicine/Fitness/Dietin

Read more less

Book SynopsisJordan Rubin, along with Joseph Brasco, MD, is not so sure that taking antacids and powerful proton pump inhibitors best for people's healing or their health. The Great Physician's Rx for Heartburn and Acid Reflux reveals a more natural approach to beating heartburn and acid reflux based on the Seven Keys to Health and Wellness.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisIt includes an extensive glossary.Trade ReviewThe only book you'll need to thoroughly understand the topic and its related health issues. California Bookwatch 2006 An interesting, well-written book geared to academics and professionals but also intended for patients and people supporting them. Choice 2006Table of ContentsPreface1. The Inner WorldThe Seed and the SoilCannon's CanonsThe Comfort Level in Building 10An Amazing Cooking ExperimentDeath by FootballThe Sleeper HoldSnakes That Faint?Rules of the GameSame DifferenceThe All-Day Sucker2. The "Automatic Nervous System"TransformersVeggingGood HousekeepingThe Hot LineHow Does the Autonomic Nervous System Work?3. The Arbiters of the Inner WorldThe Fat above the KidneysOn the Risk of Being a Physician's SonWhat's in a Name?Catecholamines Look Like CatsAdrenaline's Effects on the BodyNeuronal Soda PopThe Getaway Car AnalogyThe Atavistic Catecholamine"First I Secreted a Hell of a Lot of Adrenaline"A Play-Doh Model of the BrainThe Nobel Chemicals4. The Rest of the CastThe Axis PowersThe Water Works and Kosher Pickle TreatmentSalt SenseYour Own Brand of MorphineCytokinesSexLeptin5. Stress as a Scientific IdeaA Brief History of StressStress Response Patterns6. DistressCharacteristics of DistressBiblical Lie DetectionDistress versus the General Adaptation SyndromeFight Isn't FlightThe Nose of GodStressToonsStress in Evolutionary PerspectiveWhy Evolution Is a Worthwhile Theory and Creationism Isn'Darwin and EthologyThe Price of Complexity Is Eternal StressPrimitive Specificity8. DysautonomiasThe "Mind-Body" ProblemPrimary versus Secondary DysautonomiasSecondary DysautonomiasPrimary Dysautonomias9. Tests for DysautonomiasPhysiological TestsNeuropharmacological TestsNeurochemical TestsNeuroimaging Tests10. Treatments for DysautonomiasNondrug TreatmentsDrug Treatments11. Drugs and the FamilyCatecholamines as DrugsLegal AddictionsCocaineSpeed KillsMorphineBarbs and BenzosYou Aren't What You Eat, Luckily12. The Future: Scientific Integrative MedicineReturn of the Getaway CarAllostatic Load for People Who Hate SnakesThe DialecticDarwinian MedicineTactics and Strategies of Scientific Integrative MedicineWhat, How, and WhyConclusionGlossaryReferencesIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisBertoloni Meli's critical study of this key figure and the works of his contemporaries-including Borelli, Swammerdam, Redi, and Ruysch-opens a wonderful window onto the scientific and medical worlds of the seventeenth century.Trade ReviewThe strength of Meli's work lies in his attention to detail in highly complex Latin works, and in his sensitivity to unpublished work, correspondence, diaries, and above all, to the technologies of illustration. -- William Poole Times Higher Education Distinguished as this work was, in Mechanism, Experiment, Disease Domenico Bertoloni Meli maintains there is a great deal more to Marcello Malpighi. In this new book-part biography, part intellectual history of anatomy (the philosophy and mechanics of the body), and part history of medicine in the 17th century-Bertoloni Meli tells readers why. What he does wonderfully is to locate Malpighi as a practicing physician during Italy's scientific revolution. Bertoloni Meli conveys the excitement of the new science, voices the tumult that ensued as opposing schools of thought clashed, and reminds readers that priority disputes are nothing new. JAMA Bertoloni Meli makes great use of Malpighi's wonderful epistolary consultations to remind readers that boundaries between research and practice have been drawn too sharply by historians. His use of overlooked medical correspondence increases the presence of Malpighi, the medical practitioner, working from bench to bedside four centuries before translational research hit the headlines. -- Helen Bynum JAMA The most comprehensive account to date of the works of Marcello Malpighi. -- Stephanie Eichberg The British Journal for the History of Science Bertoloni Meli's book is a very valuable and welcome contribution to the ongoing reassessment of the Scientific Revolution as a manifold process that involved all areas of natural knowledge-from physics to medicine-and reconfigured each and their mutual relations. -- Maria Pia Donato Isis Among the many lessons to be taken from Domenico Bertoloni Meli's carefully researched, persuasive and, at times, beautifully rendered book is that the life sciences in the early modern period must be studied with an eye to the history of science, medicine and philosophy... There is too much to praise and to learn from Meli's book to do it justice in a short review such as this. For several years now his work has represented a vital and inspiring force in the history medicine, and Mechanism, Experiment, Disease: Marcello Malpighi and Seventeenth-Century Anatomy in particular will enliven the study of early modern medicine in ways we cannot pretend to anticipate. But one thing we are confident about is that Meli's latest book should shape the new work to be done on eighteenth-century notions of mechanism, the emergence of pathology, and the history of visualization and its practices. -- Cynthia Klestinec and Gideon Manning MetascienceTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Anatomy, Medicine, and the New Philosophy1. Anatomical Research in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century2. Malpighi's Role on the Anatomical Stage3. Medical Locations: The Sites of Malpighi's Work4. Mechanism and Mechanics5. Experiment and Collaboration6. Disease and Anatomy7. Structure and OrganizationPart I: The Rise of Mechanistic and Microscopic Anatomy: Malpighi's Formation and Association with Borelli1. The New Anatomy, the Lungs, and Respiration1.1. Changing Anatomical Horizons1.2. Malpighi's Bologna Apprenticeship: Anatomical Venues and Vivisection1.3. Malpighi's Pisa Apprenticeship: Microscopy and the New Philosophy1.4. Malpighi's Epistolae on the Lungs1.5. The Purpose of Respiration: Thruston, Lower, and Hooke2. Epidemic Fevers and the Challenge to Galenism2.1. Galenic Traditions and New Medical Thinking2.2. Borelli and the Sicilian Epidemics of 1647–482.3. Borelli, Malpighi, and the Pisa Epidemics of 16612.4. The 1665 Controversy between the Neoterics and the Galenists2.5. Malpighi's Risposta to Galenistarum triumphus3. The Anatomy of the Brain and of the Sensory Organs3.1. Atomism and the Anatomy of the Senses3.2. Brain Research in the 1660s: Willis, Steno, and Malpighi3.3. Malpighi's Anatomical Findings on Taste and Touch3.4. Fracassati's Far-Reaching Investigations3.5. Bellini and Rossetti: Atomistic Anatomy of Taste and TouchPart II: Secretion and the Mechanical Organization of the Body: Glands as the Centerpiece of Malpighi's Investigations4. The Glandular Structure of the Viscera4.1. The Revival of Glands4.2. Changing Perceptions on Glands: Glisson, Wharton, and Steno4.3. Malpighi's Treatise on the Liver4.4. The Brain and the Cerebral Cortex4.5. The Kidneys: Bellini and Malpighi4.6. The Spleen and Its Problems5. Fat, Blood, and the Body's Organization5.1. The Necessity of Matter and the Animal's Benefit5.2. Descartes on Fat, Blood, and Nutrition5.3. Malpighi on Fat and Its Philosophical Implications5.4. Blood Transfusions5.5. Malpighi on Heart Polyps and the Nature of Blood6. The Structure of Glands and the Problem of Secretion6.1. Different Perspectives on Glands6.2. Intestinal Glands and Their Implications6.3. The Mode of Operation of Glands6.4. Glands in the Theatre: Bellini, Sbaraglia, and Malpighi6.5. Nuck's New Taxonomy of GlandsPart III: Between Anatomy and Natural History: Malpighi andthe Royal Society7. The Challenge of Insects7.1. Changing Perceptions on Insects7.2. Redi: Experiments and Generation7.3. Malpighi: Historia and Anatomy7.4. Swammerdam: Metamorphosis and Classification7.5. Swammerdam and Malpighi: Microstructure and Iconography8. Generation and the Formation of the Chick in the Egg8.1. Generation and Its Problems8.2. Harvey: Epigenesis and the Role of the Faculties8.3. The Organs of Generation and the Problem of Fecundation8.4. Swammerdam and the Amsterdam Circle on Preformation8.5. Malpighi and the Formation of the Chick in the Egg9. The Anatomy of Plants9.1. Plants between Anatomy and Natural History9.2. Malpighi's Anatomy of Plants: Structure, Iconography, and Experiment9.3. Trionfetti, Malpighi, Cestoni, and the Vegetation of Plants9.4. Grew and Camerarius: Iconography, "OEconomy," and SexualReproductionPart IV: Anatomy, Pathology, and Therapy: Malpighi's Posthumous Writings10. The Fortunes of Malpighi's Mechanistic Anatomy10.1. Mechanistic Anatomy and Malpighi's Vita10.2. Writing about the Self10.3. Levels of Mechanical Explanation in Borelli and Malpighi10.4. Paolo Mini and the Soul-Body Problem10.5. Ruysch's Challenge and Boerhaave11. From the New Anatomy to Pathology and Therapy11.1. A Bologna Controversy and Its Wider Implications11.2. Sbaraglia's Challenge to Malpighi's Research11.3. Malpighi: The Medical Signifi cance of the New Anatomy11.4. Sbaraglia's Empiricism and Methodological Concerns11.5. Young Morgagni's Covert Intervention12. Medical Consultations12.1. Between Theory and Practice, Carnival and Lent12.2. Publishing Malpighi's Consultations12.3. Structure and Contents of Malpighi's Consultations12.4. Curing with the Pen: Francesco Redi12.5. A Broader Look at Medical Consultations: Vallisneri and MorgagniEpilogueList of AbbreviationsNotesReferencesIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisBertoloni Meli's critical study of this key figure and the works of his contemporaries-including Borelli, Swammerdam, Redi, and Ruysch-opens a wonderful window onto the scientific and medical worlds of the seventeenth century.Trade ReviewThe strength of Meli's work lies in his attention to detail in highly complex Latin works, and in his sensitivity to unpublished work, correspondence, diaries, and above all, to the technologies of illustration. -- William Poole Times Higher Education Distinguished as this work was, in Mechanism, Experiment, Disease Domenico Bertoloni Meli maintains there is a great deal more to Marcello Malpighi. In this new book-part biography, part intellectual history of anatomy (the philosophy and mechanics of the body), and part history of medicine in the 17th century-Bertoloni Meli tells readers why. What he does wonderfully is to locate Malpighi as a practicing physician during Italy's scientific revolution. Bertoloni Meli conveys the excitement of the new science, voices the tumult that ensued as opposing schools of thought clashed, and reminds readers that priority disputes are nothing new. JAMA Bertoloni Meli makes great use of Malpighi's wonderful epistolary consultations to remind readers that boundaries between research and practice have been drawn too sharply by historians. His use of overlooked medical correspondence increases the presence of Malpighi, the medical practitioner, working from bench to bedside four centuries before translational research hit the headlines. -- Helen Bynum JAMA The most comprehensive account to date of the works of Marcello Malpighi. -- Stephanie Eichberg The British Journal for the History of Science Bertoloni Meli's book is a very valuable and welcome contribution to the ongoing reassessment of the Scientific Revolution as a manifold process that involved all areas of natural knowledge-from physics to medicine-and reconfigured each and their mutual relations. -- Maria Pia Donato Isis Among the many lessons to be taken from Domenico Bertoloni Meli's carefully researched, persuasive and, at times, beautifully rendered book is that the life sciences in the early modern period must be studied with an eye to the history of science, medicine and philosophy... There is too much to praise and to learn from Meli's book to do it justice in a short review such as this. For several years now his work has represented a vital and inspiring force in the history medicine, and Mechanism, Experiment, Disease: Marcello Malpighi and Seventeenth-Century Anatomy in particular will enliven the study of early modern medicine in ways we cannot pretend to anticipate. But one thing we are confident about is that Meli's latest book should shape the new work to be done on eighteenth-century notions of mechanism, the emergence of pathology, and the history of visualization and its practices. -- Cynthia Klestinec and Gideon Manning MetascienceTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Anatomy, Medicine, and the New Philosophy1. Anatomical Research in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century2. Malpighi's Role on the Anatomical Stage3. Medical Locations: The Sites of Malpighi's Work4. Mechanism and Mechanics5. Experiment and Collaboration6. Disease and Anatomy7. Structure and OrganizationPart I: The Rise of Mechanistic and Microscopic Anatomy: Malpighi's Formation and Association with Borelli1. The New Anatomy, the Lungs, and Respiration1.1. Changing Anatomical Horizons1.2. Malpighi's Bologna Apprenticeship: Anatomical Venues and Vivisection1.3. Malpighi's Pisa Apprenticeship: Microscopy and the New Philosophy1.4. Malpighi's Epistolae on the Lungs1.5. The Purpose of Respiration: Thruston, Lower, and Hooke2. Epidemic Fevers and the Challenge to Galenism2.1. Galenic Traditions and New Medical Thinking2.2. Borelli and the Sicilian Epidemics of 1647–482.3. Borelli, Malpighi, and the Pisa Epidemics of 16612.4. The 1665 Controversy between the Neoterics and the Galenists2.5. Malpighi's Risposta to Galenistarum triumphus3. The Anatomy of the Brain and of the Sensory Organs3.1. Atomism and the Anatomy of the Senses3.2. Brain Research in the 1660s: Willis, Steno, and Malpighi3.3. Malpighi's Anatomical Findings on Taste and Touch3.4. Fracassati's Far-Reaching Investigations3.5. Bellini and Rossetti: Atomistic Anatomy of Taste and TouchPart II: Secretion and the Mechanical Organization of the Body: Glands as the Centerpiece of Malpighi's Investigations4. The Glandular Structure of the Viscera4.1. The Revival of Glands4.2. Changing Perceptions on Glands: Glisson, Wharton, and Steno4.3. Malpighi's Treatise on the Liver4.4. The Brain and the Cerebral Cortex4.5. The Kidneys: Bellini and Malpighi4.6. The Spleen and Its Problems5. Fat, Blood, and the Body's Organization5.1. The Necessity of Matter and the Animal's Benefit5.2. Descartes on Fat, Blood, and Nutrition5.3. Malpighi on Fat and Its Philosophical Implications5.4. Blood Transfusions5.5. Malpighi on Heart Polyps and the Nature of Blood6. The Structure of Glands and the Problem of Secretion6.1. Different Perspectives on Glands6.2. Intestinal Glands and Their Implications6.3. The Mode of Operation of Glands6.4. Glands in the Theatre: Bellini, Sbaraglia, and Malpighi6.5. Nuck's New Taxonomy of GlandsPart III: Between Anatomy and Natural History: Malpighi andthe Royal Society7. The Challenge of Insects7.1. Changing Perceptions on Insects7.2. Redi: Experiments and Generation7.3. Malpighi: Historia and Anatomy7.4. Swammerdam: Metamorphosis and Classification7.5. Swammerdam and Malpighi: Microstructure and Iconography8. Generation and the Formation of the Chick in the Egg8.1. Generation and Its Problems8.2. Harvey: Epigenesis and the Role of the Faculties8.3. The Organs of Generation and the Problem of Fecundation8.4. Swammerdam and the Amsterdam Circle on Preformation8.5. Malpighi and the Formation of the Chick in the Egg9. The Anatomy of Plants9.1. Plants between Anatomy and Natural History9.2. Malpighi's Anatomy of Plants: Structure, Iconography, and Experiment9.3. Trionfetti, Malpighi, Cestoni, and the Vegetation of Plants9.4. Grew and Camerarius: Iconography, "OEconomy," and SexualReproductionPart IV: Anatomy, Pathology, and Therapy: Malpighi's Posthumous Writings10. The Fortunes of Malpighi's Mechanistic Anatomy10.1. Mechanistic Anatomy and Malpighi's Vita10.2. Writing about the Self10.3. Levels of Mechanical Explanation in Borelli and Malpighi10.4. Paolo Mini and the Soul-Body Problem10.5. Ruysch's Challenge and Boerhaave11. From the New Anatomy to Pathology and Therapy11.1. A Bologna Controversy and Its Wider Implications11.2. Sbaraglia's Challenge to Malpighi's Research11.3. Malpighi: The Medical Signifi cance of the New Anatomy11.4. Sbaraglia's Empiricism and Methodological Concerns11.5. Young Morgagni's Covert Intervention12. Medical Consultations12.1. Between Theory and Practice, Carnival and Lent12.2. Publishing Malpighi's Consultations12.3. Structure and Contents of Malpighi's Consultations12.4. Curing with the Pen: Francesco Redi12.5. A Broader Look at Medical Consultations: Vallisneri and MorgagniEpilogueList of AbbreviationsNotesReferencesIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisIncreasing numbers of people are turning to the use of dietary vegetables, medicinal herbs, and plant extracts to treat cancer. This title brings together a leading group of experts on the different aspects of nutrient supplementation, foods and plant extracts in cancer prevention and treatment.Table of ContentsContirbutors. Preface. Acknowledgments. Part I. Approaches to Cancer Prevention: Role of Nutrition. 1. Antioxidents as Cancer Therapies. 2. Cancer and Nutrition. 3. Vitimin E in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. 4. Chemical Versus Food Forms of Selenium in Cancer Prevention. 5. Nutients to Stimulate Cellular Immunity: Role in cancer Prevention and Therepy. 6. Nutrition and Skin Cancer Risk Prevention. 7. Nutritional Startegies for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer. Part II. Fruits, Vegetables, and Herbs in Cancer Prevention. 8. Tomato and Cancer. 9. The Role of Dietary Fiber in Colon cancer Prevention. 10. Soy Food and Breast cancer. 11. Prevention and Therepeutic Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on Cancer Development. 12. Phytomedicines and Cancer Prevention. 13. Phytoesrogens and Cancer. 14. Herbals and Cancer Prevention. 15. Cruciferous Vegetables and Cancer Prevention. 16. Breast Cancer Prevention. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFunctional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Degenerative Disease Prevention is a compilation of different segments of functional foods and nutraceuticals focusing on their mechanism of action in the human body leading to disease prevention. Numerous chapters deal with different functional foods in terms of their efficacy, highlighting the mechanism of action of their ingredients. The book focuses on the biochemistry and molecular biology of the disease prevention process rather than simply compiling the benefits of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Aimed primarily at an audience comprised of researchers, industry professionals, food scientists, medical professionals and graduate level students, Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Degenerative Disease Prevention offers a mechanism-based interpretation for the effect of nutraceuticals within the human body. Ultimately, the discussion of the biological effects of a variety of functional foods will provide a wholesome approTable of ContentsContributors xv Preface xvii About the Editors xix 1 Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Disease Prevention: A Window to the Future of Health Promotion 3 Gopinadhan Paliyath and Kalidas Shetty 1.1 Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Modern Society: Implications on Life Quality, Productivity, Economic Burden 3 1.1.1 Diet and lifestyle changes: the missing foods 3 1.1.2 Social and economic burden of chronic degenerative diseases 4 1.2 Health Regulatory Properties of Foods: “Prevention Is Better Than Cure” 5 1.2.1 Fruit and vegetable consumption and disease prevention 6 References 8 2 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals 11 Chung-Ja C. Jackson and Gopinadhan Paliyath 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Definition of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals 12 2.2.1 Effects of functional foods and nutraceuticals on major chronic diseases 16 2.3 Sources and Biological Effects of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Nature 19 2.3.1 Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) 20 2.3.2 Phytoestrogens 21 2.3.3 Tomatoes 21 2.3.4 Garlic (Allium sativum) 21 2.3.5 Cruciferous vegetables 22 2.3.6 Citrus fruits 22 2.3.7 Cranberry 23 2.3.8 Tea 23 2.3.9 Wine and grapes 24 2.3.10 Chocolate 24 2.3.11 Fish 25 2.3.12 Dairy products 25 2.3.13 Carbohydrates 26 2.3.14 Meat 26 2.3.15 Vitamins 26 2.3.16 Minerals 27 2.4 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Health Claims and Benefits 27 2.4.1 Oats 27 2.4.2 Psyllium 27 2.4.3 Soybeans 28 2.4.4 Phytosterols 29 2.4.5 Fiber 29 2.4.6 D-Tagatose 29 2.5 Qualifi ed Health Claims 29 2.5.1 Selenium and cancer 29 2.5.2 Antioxidant vitamins and cancer 30 2.5.3 Nuts (e.g., walnuts) and heart disease 30 2.5.4 Omega-3 fatty acids and CHD 30 2.5.5 Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylcholine and cognitive dysfunction and dementia 30 2.5.6 Folic acid and neural tube birth defects 30 2.6 Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Safety Issues 30 2.6.1 Echinacea 31 2.6.2 Ephedra (also called “ma huang, herbal ecstasy, or mahuanggen”) 31 2.6.3 Feverfew 31 2.6.4 Garlic 31 2.6.5 Ginger 32 2.6.6 Gingko biloba 32 2.6.7 Ginseng 32 2.6.8 Kava kava products 32 2.6.9 St. John’s Wort 32 2.7 Regulation of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals 33 2.8 Public Education and Dietary Guidance 35 2.9 Concluding Remarks 36 References 37 3 Nutritional Genomics: Fundamental Role of Diet in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control 45 Amy J. Tucker, Branden Deschambault, and Marica Bakovic 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Nutrigenetics 46 3.2.1 Gene polymorphisms 46 3.2.2 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 47 3.2.3 Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) 47 3.2.4 Regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs) 48 3.2.5 Splice site single nucleotide polymorphisms (ssSNPs) 48 3.2.6 Trans-Acting rSNPs 48 3.3 Complexities of chronic disease research in nutrigenetics 49 3.4 Chronic Disease and Rare SNPs 50 3.4.1 Copy number variants 50 3.5 CVD and Nutrigenetics 51 3.6 Nutrigenetics and Cancer 51 3.7 Summary of Nutrigenetic Research Potential 51 3.8 Nutriepigenetics 52 3.8.1 Role of the epigenome 52 3.8.2 Cause of epimutations 52 3.9 Epimutations in Chronic Disease 53 3.9.1 Epimutations and macronutrients/micronutrients 53 3.9.2 Epimutations and phytochemicals 54 3.10 Summary of Epigenetic Research Potential 54 3.11 Nutrigenomics 54 3.11.1 Genomic impact of diet 55 3.11.2 Carbohydrates and gene interactions 55 3.12.3 Cholesterol and gene interactions 56 3.11.4 FAs, lipids, and gene interactions 58 3.11.5 Lipids and APOE 59 3.11.6 Diet and APOE 60 3.11.7 Lipids and hepatic lipase (HL) 60 3.11.8 Diet and LIPC 61 3.11.9 Interaction between APOE and HL 61 3.12 Vitamin A and Gene Interactions 61 3.12.1 Dual roles of vitamin A 62 3.13 Vitamin E and Nutrigenomics 62 3.13.1 Vitamin E and atherosclerosis 62 3.13.2 Vitamin E and cholesterol biosynthesis 63 3.14 Vitamin D and Gene Interactions 63 3.14.1 Vitamin D and breast cancer 63 3.14.2 Vitamin D and FAs 64 3.15 Phytoestrogens and Gene Interactions 64 3.15.1 Phytoestrogens and breast cancer 64 3.15.2 Phytoestrogens and lipid, glucose metabolism 64 3.16 Phytosterols and Gene Interactions 65 3.16.1 Phytosterols and cholesterol metabolism 65 3.16.2 Phytosterols and cancer 65 3.17 Polyphenols and Gene Interactions 65 3.17.1 Polyphenols and CVD 65 3.17.2 Polyphenols and cancer 66 3.18 Nutrigenomics Summary: Advantages, Limitations, Future 66 3.19 Conclusions 67 References 67 4 Nutraceuticals and Antioxidant Function 75 Denise Young, Rong Tsao, and Yoshinori Mine 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Oxidative Stress and ROS 75 4.2.1 Endogenous sources of ROS 76 4.2.2 Exogenous sources of ROS 77 4.3 Antioxidants and Antioxidative Defense Systems 77 4.3.1 Endogenous antioxidants and antioxidative defenses 77 4.3.2 Dietary antioxidants 79 4.4 Phytochemicals 79 4.4.1 Polyphenols 80 4.4.2 Amides 85 4.4.3 Carotenoids 86 4.4.4 Mechanism of antioxidant action 87 4.5 Antioxidant Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 90 4.6 Mechanism of Action of Antioxidant and Antioxidative Stress Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 91 4.6.1 Amino acids 91 4.6.2 Peptides and proteins 91 4.7 Production of Antioxidant Peptides 95 4.8 Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques for Measuring Antioxidant Capacity and Oxidative Damage 96 4.8.1 Chemical antioxidant capacity assay 96 4.8.2 Cell-based antioxidant assays 99 4.9 Health Benefi ts of Nutraceutical Antioxidants 101 4.9.1 Evidence of antioxidant efficacy in disease states 101 4.9.2 Failure of antioxidants to demonstrate efficacy 102 4.10 Conclusion 102 References 103 5 Composition and Chemistry of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Infl uence on Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability 113 Jissy K. Jacob and Gopinadhan Paliyath 5.1 Introduction 113 5.2 Polyphenols as Antioxidants 115 5.2.1 Free radicals and endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms 115 5.2.2 Diet and exogenous antioxidants (flavonoids) 115 5.2.3 Antioxidant properties of flavonoids 117 5.3 Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanins 118 5.4 Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Localization 119 5.5 Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Polyphenols 121 5.6 Microstructural Characteristics of Grape Juice 122 5.7 Physicochemical Properties of the Dialyzed Juice Fraction 123 5.8 Ultrastructural Analysis of Juice Fractions 124 5.9 Composition of Juice Fractions 126 5.10 Antioxidant Activity of Juice Fractions 129 5.11 Metabolism and Bioavailability of Flavonoids 132 5.12 Dietary Polyphenols and Prevention of Diseases 135 5.12.1 Polyphenols and cardiovascular diseases 135 5.12.2 Polyphenols and cancer 136 5.13 Increasing Health Benefi cial Properties of Juices 137 References 139 6 Cruciferous Vegetable-Derived Isothiocyanates and Cancer Prevention 147 Ravi P. Sahu and Sanjay K. Srivastava 6.1 Introduction 147 6.2 Metabolism of Xenobiotics 149 6.3 ITCs and Inhibition of Cancer 150 6.3.1 Pancreatic cancer 150 6.3.2 Brain cancer 152 6.3.3 Prostate cancer 152 6.3.4 Lung cancer 154 6.3.5 Breast cancer 155 6.3.6 Colon cancer 156 6.3.7 Hepatic cancer 156 6.3.8 Bladder cancer 157 6.3.9 Multiple myeloma (MM) 158 6.3.10 Head and neck squamous cancer 159 6.3.11 Ovarian cancer 159 6.3.12 Skin cancer 160 Acknowledgments 161 References 161 7 The Disease-Preventive Potential of Some Popular and Underutilized Seeds 171 Rajeev Bhat 7.1 Introduction 171 7.2 Oil Seeds and Their Therapeutic Potential 172 7.2.1 Nigella seeds (Nigella sativa L.) 172 7.2.2 Sunfl ower seed (Helianthus annuus L.) 172 7.2.3 Groundnut seed (Arachis hypogea L.) 183 7.2.4 Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) 184 7.2.5 Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) 184 7.2.6 Saffl ower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) 184 7.2.7 Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) 185 7.3 Spice Seeds as Medicine 185 7.3.1 Coriander seeds (Coriandrum satium L.) 185 7.3.2 Caraway (Cumin carvi L.) 186 7.3.3 Pepper seeds (Piper nigrum L.) 186 7.3.4 Cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum L.) 186 7.3.5 Fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) 187 7.4 Legumes and Medicinal Use 187 7.4.1 Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) 187 7.4.2 Mucuna pruriens L. 188 7.4.3 Tamarind seeds (Tamaridus indica L.) 188 7.5 Underutilized Seeds 189 7.5.1 Perilla (Perilla frutescens [Hassk.]) 189 7.5.2 Hunteria umbellata ([K. Schum] Hallier f.) 189 7.5.3 Microula sikkimensis (Hemsl.) 189 7.5.4 Chinese chive seeds (Allium tuberosum Rottl.) 190 7.5.5 Grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) 190 7.5.6 Pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita sp.) 191 7.5.7 Horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) 192 7.6 Future Outlook 192 References 193 8 Effects of Carotenoids and Retinoids on Immune-Mediated Chronic Inflammation in Infl ammatory Bowel Disease 213 Hua Zhang, Ming Fan, and Gopinadhan Paliyath 8.1 Introduction 213 8.2 Carotenoids 213 8.3 IBDs 214 8.4 Phytochemicals and Downregulation of IBD 215 8.4.1 Antioxidative capacity of carotenoids to reduce oxidative stress generated from inflammation 215 8.4.2 Immune-modulating activity of carotenoids 216 8.5 Effects of Carotenoids on Immune Genetic Mechanism of IBD 221 8.5.1 Potential role of retinoid receptors in attenuation of inflammatory diseases 222 8.5.2 Modulation of inflammatory responses through activation of nuclear receptors containing RXR heterodimers 223 8.6 Effects of Retinoids and Carotenoids on the Oxidative Stress Signaling Pathway 226 References 229 9 Ruminant Trans Fat as Potential Nutraceutical Components to Prevent Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease 235 Ye Wang, Catherine J. Field, and Spencer D. Proctor 9.1 Introduction 235 9.2 c9,t11-CLA Isomer and Health Implications 237 9.2.1 CLA modulates carcinogenesis 237 9.3 Mechanisms of CLA Action on Cancer 245 9.4 CLA Modulates CHD Risk Factors 245 9.5 Mechanisms of CLA Action on CHD 246 9.6 Vaccenic Acid 252 9.6.1 VA modulates carcinogenesis 253 9.6.2 VA modulates CVD risk factors 253 9.7 Dairy Fat Enriched with VA and CLA 254 9.7.1 Enriched dairy fat modulates carcinogenesis 254 9.7.2 Enriched dairy fat modulates CVD risk factors 255 9.8 Discussion 255 References 256 10 Nanotechnology for Cerebral Delivery of Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases 263 Jasjeet Kaur Sahni, Sihem Doggui, Lé Dao, and Charles Ramassamy 10.1 Introduction 263 10.2 Oxidative Stress in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD 264 10.3 Efficacy of Selected Components of Nutraceutical Compounds in the Amyloid Cascade and in the Prevention of AD 266 10.4 Targeted NPs for Delivery of Bioactives Compounds from Foods for the Treatment of AD 272 10.4.1 Catechins coupled with NPs 272 10.4.2 NPs targeted with ApoE containing curcumin 273 10.4.3 Resveratrol-loaded NPs protect againt Aß-induced toxicity 275 10.5 Conclusion 275 References 275 11 Cancer Prevention by Polyphenols: Influence on Signal Transduction and Gene Expression 285 Fatima Hakimuddin and Gopinadhan Paliyath 11.1 Introduction 285 11.2 Genetic Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis 285 11.3 Biochemical Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis 287 11.3.1 Pathways and signals involved in neoplastic cell transformation and carcinogenesis 287 11.3.2 Extracellular signal transduction 288 11.3.3 Intracellular signal transduction 289 11.4 Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer 291 11.4.1 Calcium homeostasis and signaling 292 11.4.2 Role of calcium in regulating cell proliferation and cell cycle 293 11.4.3 Regulation of the cell cycle by calmodulin 293 11.4.4 Calcium signaling and cell death 293 11.4.5 Mitochondria, calcium signaling, and apoptosis 294 11.5 Cancer Prevention and Therapy 294 11.5.1 Targeted therapies 294 11.5.2 Phytochemicals and cancer prevention 296 11.6 Grapes and Red Wine as a Dietary Source of Polyphenols 298 11.6.1 Health benefi ts of red wine 298 11.6.2 Modulation of signaling pathways by fl avonoids 306 11.7 Genetic Approach: Identifi cation of Flavonoid Mediated Molecular Targets 308 11.8 Estrogen Metabolism, Breast Cancer, and Flavonoids 311 11.9 Polyphenols and Estrogen Signaling 312 References 313 12 Potato–Herb Synergies as Food Designs for Hyperglycemia and Hypertension Management 325 Fahad Saleem, Ali Hussein Eid, and Kalidas Shetty 12.1 Introduction 325 12.2 Phenolic-Enriched Chilean Potato and Select Species of Apiaceae and Lamiaceae Families in Diet 327 12.3 Combination of Potato with Seeds and/or Herbs for Hypertension and Hyperglycemia Management 331 12.3.1 Chilean potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tubersocum L.) 331 12.3.2 Apiaceae family 333 12.3.3 Lamiaceae family 335 12.4 Conclusions: Combining the Chilean Potato with Seeds and Herbs from the Apiaceae and Lamiaceae Families 336 References 338 13 Fermentation-Based Processing of Food Botanicals for Mobilization of Phenolic Phytochemicals for Type 2 Diabetes Management 341 Chandrakant Ankolekar and Kalidas Shetty 13.1 Introduction 341 13.2 Diabetes: The Rising Burden 342 13.3 Fermentation and Health: A Historical Perspective 342 13.4 Fermentation: Adding Value 343 13.4.1 Preservation of food through acid/alcohol formation 343 13.4.2 Enrichment of food substrates through formation of micro and macro nutrients 344 13.4.3 Flavor, aroma, and texture development 344 13.4.4 Detoxification of substrates during fermentation 345 13.5 Phenolic Antioxidants and Diabetes Management 345 13.6 Microbial Aerobic Growth and Fermentation and Its Anti-Diabetes Potential by Phenolic and Antioxidant Mobilization 346 13.6.1 Solid State Growth (SSG) 346 13.6.2 Liquid state (submerged) fermentation 347 13.7 Fruit Juice Fermentation for Healthy Food Ingredients for Management of Type 2 Diabetes 348 13.7.1 Apple juice fermentation 348 13.7.2 Pear juice fermentation 349 13.7.3 Cherry juice fermentation 349 13.8 Summary 350 References 351 14 Postharvest Strategies to Enhance Bioactive Ingredients for Type 2 Diabetes Management and Heart Health 357 Dipayan Sarkar and Kalidas Shetty 14.1 Introduction 357 14.2 Changing Dietary Patterns: A Historical Perspective 357 14.3 Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases: Era of New Global Epidemics 358 14.4 Healthy Diet: “Prevention Is Better Than Cure” 360 14.4.1 Fruits and vegetables: from garden of eden to modern horticulture 360 14.5 Bioactive Ingredients 361 14.6 Dietary Polyphenols: Impact on Human Health 362 14.6.1 Role of polyphenols in glucose metabolism 362 14.6.2 Polyphenols and cardiovascular disease 364 14.7 Phenolic Biosynthesis: Biological Mechanism to Improve Dietary Polyphenols in Plant Models 365 14.8 Postharvest Strategies to Improve Bioactive Ingredients in Fruits and Vegetables 367 14.8.1 Temperature 367 14.8.2 Light and oxygen 368 14.8.3 Chemical treatment and natural compounds 368 14.9 Phenolic-Linked Antioxidant Activity During Postharvest Stages in Fruits and Relevance for Type 2 Diabetes 369 14.10 Future Direction of Research: When Functional Food and Diet Become “Panacea” 370 14.10.1 Stage 1: physiology and growth during germination to maturity 370 14.10.2 Stage 2: postharvest management 371 14.10.3 Stage 3: food processing 371 14.10.4 Stage 4: biotechnological tools 372 14.10.5 Stage 5: in vitro studies 372 14.10.6 Stage 6: animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies 372 14.10.7 Stage 7: marketing, awareness, and education 373 14.11 Conclusions 373 References 373 15 Enhancing Functional Food Ingredients in Fruits and Vegetables 381 Shaila Wadud and Gopinadhan Paliyath 15.1 Introduction 381 15.2 Strategies for Nutritional Enhancement 382 15.3 Improving the Mineral Content of Plant Foods 383 15.3.1 Iron and zinc 384 15.4 Improving the Antioxidants Content of Plant Foods 385 15.4.1 Lycopene and ß-carotene 385 15.4.2 Vitamin E 387 15.4.3 Flavonoids 387 15.5 Improving the Amino Acid Content of Proteins of Plant Foods 389 15.6 Improving the Fatty Acid Composition of Plant Seed Oil 390 15.7 Influence of Processing and Storage in the Nutritive Value of Plant Foods 391 15.7.1 Processing of plant oils 391 15.7.2 Processing of fruits and vegetables 391 References 392 Index 395

Read more less

Book SynopsisChallenging traditional approaches to medical history, this work advances understandings of disease as a social and cultural construction in Latin America. It provides a look at the research in the history of medicine through essays about how disease was experienced and managed in different Latin American countries and regions, at different times.Trade Review“This book is an extraordinary contribution that brings together the very best scholars of Latin American public health and social history. Its emphasis on the social conditions that lead to epidemic disease as well as the political and social forces that shape practice is a welcome corrective to a literature still too often dominated by positivist traditions.”—David Rosner, director of the Center for the History and Ethics of Public Health, Columbia University”I was fascinated by all the essays in Disease in the History of Modern Latin America. They are theoretically aware and sophisticated while they remain accessible and oriented to the complexity of historical experience. This collection is a powerful argument for the richness of an interdisciplinary approach to cultural history.”—Daniel James, author of Doña Maria's Story: Life History, Memory, and Political IdentityTable of ContentsPreface vii Disease in the Historiography of Modern Latin America / Diego Armus 1 “The Only Serious Terror in These Regions”: Malaria Control in the Brazilian Amazon / Nancy Leys Stepan 25 An Imaginary Plague in Turn-of-the-Century Buenos Aires: Hysteria, Discipline, and Languages of the Body / Gabriella Nouzeilles 51 Tropical Medicine in Brazil: The Case of Chagas’ Disease / Marilia Coutinho 76 Tango, Gender, and Tuberculosis in Buenos Aires, 1900–1940 / Diego Armus 101 The State, Physicians. and Leprosy in Modern Colombia / Diana Obregón 130 Revolution, the Scatological Way: The Rockefeller Foundation’s Hookworm Campaign in 1920s Mexico / Anne-Emanuelle Birn 158 Between Risk and Confession: State and Popular Perspectives of Syphilis Infection in Revolutionary Mexico / Katherine Elaine Bliss 183 Dying of Sadness: Hospitalism and Child Welfare in Mexico City, 1920-1940 / Ann S. Blum 209 Mental Illness and Democracy in Bolivia: The Manicomio Pacheco, 1935–1950 / Ann Zulawski 237 Stigma and Blame during an Epidemic: Cholera in Peru, 1991 / Marcus Cueto 268 Nation, Science, and Sex: AIDS and the New Brazilian Sexuality / Patrick Larvie 290 Contributors 315 Index 317

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this provocative collection of essays, François Delaporte shows how every epistemological concern demands its own mode of engagement. Through six seemingly disparate cases, Figures of Medicine reanimates the methodological and intellectual stakes at the core of the history of science and medicine.Trade Review"As always with Delaporte the scholarship is impressive, innovative and impeccable, and the analyses acute." -- -Camille Limoges Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie (CIRST-UQAM) Montreal "Lucid, focused, and rigorous ... An outstanding book that makes important contributions to intellectual history, the history of medicine, and their methodologies." -- -Jonathan Strauss Miami University

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this provocative collection of essays, François Delaporte shows how every epistemological concern demands its own mode of engagement. Through six seemingly disparate cases, Figures of Medicine reanimates the methodological and intellectual stakes at the core of the history of science and medicine.Trade Review"As always with Delaporte the scholarship is impressive, innovative and impeccable, and the analyses acute." -- -Camille Limoges Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie (CIRST-UQAM) Montreal "Lucid, focused, and rigorous ... An outstanding book that makes important contributions to intellectual history, the history of medicine, and their methodologies." -- -Jonathan Strauss Miami University

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten by world authorities on the subject, this reference comprehensively covers every aspect of colorectal cancer. Addressing the molecular mechanisms, genetics, identification, and therapy of disease, this guide covers new pharmaceutical developments, current screening protocols, and modern methods of disease management by specialists at renowned institutions such as the Royal Marsden Hospital, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center.Table of ContentsGenetic Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer. Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer. Colorectal Cancer Screening. Pathology. Familial Cancer Management. The Surgical Principles of Managing Colorectal Cancer. Adjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer. The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer. Hepatic Directed Therapy. Pharmacogenomics of Colorectal Cancer. Drug Development for Advanced Colorectal Cancer in the U.S.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, officially recognizing that various risk factors for disease are present in our environment, has proposed the concept of lifestyle-related diseases. These include those diseases that are tied to such lifestyle choices as excessive alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, exposure to stress, and poor diet.Ongoing attention to this issue led to an International Symposium on Free Radicals and Health: Molecular Interventions and Protection of Lifestyle-Related Diseases bringing together the top experts in that area. With the belief that the recognition of the occurrence of risk factors and their identification are important to overcoming lifestyle-related diseases, three of those experts invited prominent participants at the symposium to contribute to a book. Molecular Interventions in Lifestyle-Related Diseases is the result of that effort.This book is divided into three main sections:Free Radicals, Lifestyle-Related DTable of ContentsFree Radicals, Lifestyle-Related Diseases, and Their Protection. Free Radicals, Brain Diseases, and Their Protection. Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, Micronutrients, and Pharmacological Interventions.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis second edition of the popular advanced student textbook (previously published as Worms and Disease: A Manual of Medical Helminthology) has been thoroughly updated and revised since it was first published in 1975. It includes contributions and a chapter by Prof. Derek Wakelin, University of Nottingham, UK. An authoritative handbook covering all human helminth infections with particular emphasis on diagnosis, treatment, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, epidemiology and control. Practical guidelines are given for estimating the clinical and public significance of helminthiases, vital in areas where the majority of inhabitants are infected with many helminths but only a few are sick.Table of Contents1: The Trematodes 2: The Cestodes 3: The Acanthocephalans 4: The Nematodes 5: Oher Groups 6: Immunology of Helminths 7: Epidemiological Aspects of Helminth Infections 8: Helminthological Techniques

Read more less

Book SynopsisDisease-related malnutrition is a global public health problem. The consequences of disease-related malnutrition are numerous, and include shorter survival rates, lower functional capacity, longer hospital stays, greater complication rates, and higher prescription rates. Nutritional support, in the form of oral nutritional supplements or tube feeding, has proven to lead to an improvement in patient outcome. This book is unique in that it draws together the results of numerous different studies that demonstrate the benefits of nutritional support and provides an evidence base for it. It also discusses the causes, consequences, and prevalence of disease-related malnutrition, and provides insights into the best possible use of enteral nutritional support.Table of Contents1: Scientific criteria for defining malnutrition 2: Prevalence of disease-related malnutrition 3: Causes of disease-related malnutrition 4: Consequences of disease-related malnutrition 5: Framework for establishing an evidence base for nutritional intervention 6: Evidence base for oral nutritional supplements 7: Evidence base for enteral tube feeding 8: Combined analysis of the effects of oral nutritional supplements and enteral tube feeding 9: Parenteral nutrition: a comparison with enteral tube feeding 10: Undertaking clinical nutrition intervention trials 11: Conclusions 12: Appendices 13: References

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis informative manual draws on expert research to highlight the feeding and swallowing difficulties that can occur with dementia. It is also a practical guide that offers potential strategies to manage these problems. Professionals are encouraged to focus on the needs of the individual by providing practical questions that should be asked when making an assessment. This is achieved through a step-by-step process, which allows a worker to observe, document and manage feeding and swallowing difficulties. Forms, schedules and checklists that can be photocopied are provided to aid in implementation. This is a detailed, practical resource which offers support and direction for speech and language therapists, and others with an interest in swallowing problems, working with people with dementia. It includes case studies to illustrate theory in practice, as well as a wide ranging bibliography.Trade Review"A detailed, extremely practical book ... This book’s value is in its thorough treatment of this often complex area of clinical work ... undoubtedly a valuable source of information." — RCSLT Bulletin"This practical, spiral-bound book is a popular and useful text ... recommended to neuroscience nurses ... should be in every nursing library." — British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing"Comprehensive and easy to use text...this is a well presented, easy to read, comprehensive text; a must for any clinician working in the field." — International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"This manual draws on research to highlight the feeding and swallowing difficulties that may accompany dementia...needs assessment is guided by a discussion of a wide range of sensory, psychomotor, neurological and emotional factors." — Exceptional Child Educational Resources"She has produced a detailed, extremely practical book...This book’s value is in its thorough treatment of this often complex area of clinical work." — Bulletin"The Layout is clear and concise; it provides good value for money and is defiantly a practical reference." — Speech & Language Therapy on Practice"The book provides a balanced mix of theory and practice. All professionals will find the assessment forms and case studies useful. There is an excellent section on the ethics of tube feeding in severe dementia...The book advocates a team approach, which is reflected by the fact that all health professionals will find it a useful addition to their libraries." — Therapy Weekly"The book is well-structured and useful for therapists who are interested in this area of practice." — British Journal of Occupational TherapyTable of ContentsList of Tables, Acknowledgements, About the Author, Introduction, 1 Dementia, 2 Production and Use of this Resource Pack, 3 History-Taking – Feeding and Swallowing Problems, 4 Assessment and Management of Feeding and Swallowing, 5 Assessment Profiles, 6 Management Strategies – Checklists, Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisObesity is becoming increasingly prevalent in a worldwide context, and has been recognised as a major contributing factor in heart disease. This volume was authored by the participants in a 1998 AHA sponsored conference on the impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease. The three main sections of the book set out to evaluate current research pertaining to causation and cardiovascular sequela of obesity. Part I defines obesity, exploring its epidemiology, its genetic and non-genetic influences and its contribution to the problem of cardiovascular disease. Special attention is given to the primary prevention of obesity as a means of avoiding specific sequelae as well as the difficulties experienced by those who try to lose weight. Part II deals with the relatively new and much heralded discovery of obesity related genes the current state of diet drugs and valvular heart disease, and the interaction of obesity and metabolism, hormonal regulation and various other biological systems. RTrade Review"This is a superb and needed book."—American Journal of Cardiology "This book may best be considered an excellent update on obesity."—Texas Heart Institute Journal "Excellent Four Stars. A comprehensive review of an important clinical area in which treatment options are badly needed."—Mayo Clinic ProceedingsTable of ContentsContributors. Acknowledgement. Preface. (S.M. Grundy). Part 1: Epidemiology of Obesity. Chapter 1. Epidemiology of Obesity in Adults in Relationship to Cardiovascular Disease. (L.H. Kuller). Chapter 2. Obesity in Children, Adolescents and Families. (E. Obarzanek). Chapter 3. Developmental Aspects of Obesity: Genetic Influences. (T.L. Burns). Chapter 4. Developmental Aspects of Obesity: Nongenetic Influences. (L.L. Hayman). Chapter 5. Prevention of Obesity. (S.R. Daniels). Part 2: Pathophysiology of Disease. Chapter 6. Obesity Related Genes. (R.M. Krauss). Chapter 7. Diet Drugs and Valvular Heart DIsease. (G.P. Aurigemma). Chapter 8. Mechanisms of Obesity Hypertension and Relevance to Essential Hypertension. (J.E. Hall, M.W. Brands, D.W. Jones, E.W. Shek, J. Henegar). Chapter 9. Obesity and Lipoprotein Metabolism: Relationship to Cardiovascular Disease. (B.V. Howard). Chapter 10. Is Insulin Resistance and Independent Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease? (S.M. Grundy). Chapter 11. Obesity and Postmenopausal Women. (K.M. Newton). Chapter 12. Late Breaking Advances in the Biological Understanding of Obesity and its Sequelae. (R.H. Eckel). Part 3: Assessment, Interventions, Treatment and Outcomes. Chapter 13. Body Composition Assessment: Epidemiological, Clinical and Research Tools. (M.E. Sweeney). Chapter 14. Dietary Strategies: Issues of Diet Composition. (S.T. St. Jeor, J.M. Ashley). Chapter 15. Energy Expenditure and Obesity. (J.O. Hill, Adamandia D. Kriketos). Chapter 16. Physical Activity in the Management of Obesity: Issues and Implementation. (M.L. Stefanick). Chapter 17. Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Interventions for the Overweight Patient. (G.A. Bray). Chapter 18. Behavioural Interaction. (J.P. Foreyt, W.S. Carlos Poston). Chapter 19. Strategies to Enhance Compliance to Weight-Loss Treatment. (L.E. Burke). Chapter 20. Quality of Life and Obesity. (M.R. Kinney). Chapter 21. Economic Impact of Obesity and its Cardiovascular Sequelae in Managed Care Settings. (K. McManus). Summary. (G.F. Fletcher). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSummarizes concepts concerning the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, neuropathology and pathogenesis of Vascular dementia (VAD) and Alzheimer's disease (DAT), and mixtures of the two, and reviews their multiple causes, including microvascular and hemorrhagic lesions, and ischemic and inflammatory changes affecting both white and gray matter.Table of ContentsContributors iii Foreword Honorary editor: James F. Toole, President of World Federation of Neurology ivPreface Editors: John S. Meyer, Gaiane M. Rauch, Helmut Lechner, Carlo Loeb, James F. Toole vi Chapter 1 Epidemiology of Vascular Dementia 1Md. Anwarul Haque, John S. Meyer, Gaiane M. Rauch Chapter 2 Cardiovascular Risk Factors Contributors to Cerebral Degenerative Changes, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia 19John S. Meyer, Gaiane M. Rauch, Ronald A. Rauch Chapter 3 Risk Factors for Vascular Dementia 41Helmut Lechner Chapter 4 Neuropathological Correlates of Vascular Dementia 59Carlo Loeb Chapter 5 Microvascular Pathology in Vascular and Related Dementias 77Alberto Portera-Sanchez, Jesus Porta-Etessam Chapter 6 Recent Advances in Vascular Dementia Research 101David W. Desmond Chapter 7 Clinical Feautures of Patients with Vascular Dementia Versus Alzheiner’s Disease 119Gaiane M. Rauch, john S. Meyer Chapter 8 Neuropsychological Assessments for Cognitive Decline 131Md. Anwarul Haque, John S. Meyer, Gaiane M. Rauch Chapter 9 Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy Binswanger Type or Chronic Microvascular Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome 155Carlo Loeb Chapter 10 Criteria for Diagnosis of Vascular Dementia 181Carlo Loeb, John S. Meyer, Gaiane M. Rauch Chapter 11 Classification of Subtypes of Vascular Dementia Including Subcortical Versus Cortical Dementias 203John S. Meyer, Gaiane M. Rauch Chapter 12 Neuroimaging in Vascular Dementia 221John S. Meyer, Gaiane M. Rauch. Ronald A. Rauch Chapter 13 Clinical Observation During Long-Term Follow-Up of Outcome in Vascular Dementia 235Helmut Lechner, Gotz Bertha Chapter 14 Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Dementia 251John S. Meyer, Gaiane M. Rauch Chapter 15 Scientific Basis for Plasmapheresis in Vascular Dementia 263Helmut Lechner Chapter 16 Estrogen Therapy for Prevention of Dementia in Postmenopausal Women 279Gaiane M. Rauch, John S. Meyer Chapter 17 Factors Influencing Long-Term Survival Among Patients with Vascular Dementia Versus Alzheimer’s Disease 289John S. Meyer, Gaiane M. Rauch Index 307

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this book, an international group of investigators from a broad array of clinical and basic disciplines present the ideas and concepts in the foreground of cerebrovascular disease. Included in their discussion are perspectives on topics that continue to guide current investigations.Trade ReviewFive Stars ***** "This book should be on the shelf of anyone caring for patients with stroke or who are involved in its diagnosis and treatment as it offers the most up-to-date review of the scientific basis for the decision process. The book cannot be compared to any other book in the field as it is the compilation of papers delivered at a conference where a broad range of clinical and basic science topics are covered. This, like all editions of the Princetion Conference Proceedings, should be cherished." Doody's Review Service: Cathy M. Helgason, MD, University of Illinois at Chicago College of MedicineTable of ContentsSECTION I. Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: Time for a New Clinical Trial?. Chapter 1. Overview. Ralph G. Dacey Jr., MD and William J. Powers, MD. Chapter 2. Cerebral Hemodynamics and Stroke Risk. Robert L. Grubb Jr., MD, Colin P. Derdeyn, MD, Susanne Fritsch, RN, William J. Powers, MD. Chapter 3. Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass: Surgical Considerations. Marc R. Mayberg, MD. Chapter 4. Extracranial-Intracranial Surgery for Patients with Proven Hemodynamic Compromise: Is There Sufficient Evidence for a Second-Phase EC/IC Trial?. Henry J.M. Barnett, MD. SECTION II. Mediators and Modulators of Ischemic Injury: Hot Topics. Chapter 5. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Valina L. Dawson, PhD and Ted M. Dawson, MD, PhD. Chapter 6. Superoxide Dismutase in Cerebral Ischemia. Pak H. Chan, PhD. Chapter 7. Estrogen as Neuroprotectant in Stroke. Patricia D. Hurn, PhD, Nabil J. Alkaayed, MD, PhD, Barbara J. Crain, MD, PhD, Valina L. Dawson, PhD, Ted M. Dawson, MD, PhD, Allen S. Mandir, MD, PhD, Renata Rusa, MD, Kenji Sampei, MD, Masahiko Sawada, MD, Thomas J.K. Toung, MD, Richard J. Traystman, PhD. Chapter 8. HMG-coAReductase Inhibitors Reduce Cerebral Infarct Size by Upregulating Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Matthias Endres, MD, Ulrich Laufs, MD, James K. Liao, MD and Michael A. Moskowitz, MD. SECTION III. White Matter Ischemia - Unique Mechanisms of Injury?. Chapter 9. Ischemic Injury to the Cerebral White Matter: Neuropathology of Human and Experimental Lesions. Leonardo Pantoni, MD, and Julio H. Garcia, MD (deceased). Chapter 10. Approaches to the Study of the Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis of Perinatal White Matter Injury. Stephen A. Back, MD, PhD. Chapter 11. White Matter Ischemia: Unique Mechanisms of Injury. Peter K. Stys, MD. Chapter 12. CADASIL: What can we Learn about White Matter Stroke?. Marie-Germaine Bousser, MD, Hugues Chabriat, MD, Anne Joutel, MD and Elizabeth Tournier-Lasserve, MD. SECTION IV. Inflammation. Chapter 13. Introduction. John M. Hallenbeck, MD. Chapter 14. Infection and Stroke Risk. Mark Fisher, MD. Chapter 15. The Extracellular Matrix and Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Gregory J. del Zoppo, MD. Chapter 16. Some Principles of the Inflammatory Reaction to Brain Ischemia: Sense and Purpose. Julie A. Ellison, PhD, Franc C. Barone, PhD and Giora Feuerstein, MD. Chapter 17. Reperfusion Damage in the Brain. Ping-An Li, MD, PhD, Tibor Kristian, PhD, Yi-Bing Ouyang, PhD and Bo K. Siesjö, MD, PhD. Chapter 18. Debate: Heparin Should Be Used to Treat Patients Presenting with Acute Stroke or Stroke-in–Evolution: Affirmative Position. Louis R. Caplan, MD. Chapter 19. Debate: Antiocoagulation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Not Indicated. Roger P. Simon, MD and William J. Powers, MD. SECTION V. Beyond Diffusion: Imaging Measurements of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. Chapter 20. Overview. Justin A. Zivin, MD, PhD and Marc Fisher, MD. Chapter 21. Measuring Oxygen Saturation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. E. Mark Haacke, PhD, Weili Lin, MD, Benjamin Lee, MD, Daniel Kido, MD, Chung Y. Hsu, MD and William J. Powers, MD. Chapter 22. Quantitative Measurement of Regional Blood Flow by Magnetic Resonance with Arterial Spin Tagging. Alan C. McLaughlin, PhD, Frank Q Ye, PhD, Venkata S. Mattay, MD, Joseph A. Frank, MD, Daniel R. Weinberger, MD. SECTION VI. Delayed Neuronal Death. Chapter 23. The GluR2 Hypothesis of Ischemia-Induced Damage: Implications for Neuroprotection and Rescue. Domenico E. Pellegrini-Giampietro, MD, PhD, Keiji Oguro, MD, PhD, Thoralf Opitz, PhD, Agata Calderone, MD, Michael V.L. Bennett, PhD and R. Suzanne Zukin, PhD. Chapter 24. Fluorescent Indicator Measurements of Ca2+ Homeostasis in Postischemic CA1 Hippocampal Neurons. John A. Connor, PhD, Anders C. Greenwood, PhD, Seddigheh Razani-Boroujerdi, PhD, Jeffrey J. Petrozzino, PhD and Rick C.S. Lin, PhD. Chapter 25. Delayed Neuronal Death: A Perspective and Synthesis. Myron D. Ginsberg, MD. SECTION VII. Cortical Reorganization and Post-Acute Stroke Treatment. Chapter 26. Introduction. Alexander W. Dromerick, MD and Larry B. Goldstein, MD. Chapter 27. Functional Remodeling of Motor Cortex after Stroke. Randolph J. Nudo, PhD, Jeffrey A. Kleim, PhD and Kathleen M. Friel, MD. Chapter 28. Growth Factors and Stroke Recovery. Jing Mei Ren, MD, John Markman, MD, and Seth P. Finklestein, MD. Chapter 29. Activity-Associated Growth Factor Expression and Related Neural Events in ecovery of Function after Brain Injury. Timothy J. Schallert, PhD, J. Leigh Humm, MA, Sondra Bland, BA, Theresa Jones, PhD, Bryan Kolb, PhD, Jaroslaw Aronowski, PhD and James Grotta, MA. SECTION VIII. Clinical Treatment Trials. Chapter 30. Recent Clinical Trials of Neuroprotective Agents and Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Stroke. Gregory W. Albers, MD. Chapter 31. Debate: MRI is a Good Endpoint for Determining the Efficacy of Stroke Treatment Trials: Affirmative position. Steven J. Warach, MD, PhD. Chapter 32. Debate: MRI is a Good Endpoint for Determining the Efficacy of Stroke Treatment Trials: Arguments against. Joseph P. Broderick, MD

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis concise, yet authoritative, clinical reference guide fulfils the needs of diverse clinicians, pharmacists and allied health professionals prescribing for Parkinson''s disease and movement disorders in contemporary clinical practice. With chapters on newly approved drugs and their effects on motor and non-motor symptoms, information is also given on their use in particular populations including the elderly and patients with cognitive impairment. Each chapter includes pharmacological/biochemical rationale for drug use, a general guide to therapeutic use, pharmacokinetics, interaction profile, adverse effects, dosing and use, special population considerations, costs and value for money considerations, clinical vignette, a summary overview, and suggested reading. Ordered alphabetically and perfect for quick reference use, the guide is practical and essential for all prescribers with responsibility for patients with Parkinson''s disease, including neurologists, geriatricians, internists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, family physicians, pharmacists as well as allied health professionals and resident, fellow, and student trainees in all related medical fields.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSeizures are a presenting feature of many neurosurgical disorders, and can arise as a result of neurosurgical treatment or its complications. In this Element the authors describe seizure diagnosis, emergency and ongoing management, and considerations in neurosurgical conditions.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis open access volume gathers a variety of models, delivery systems, and approaches that can be used to assess RNA technology for exploiting antisense as a therapeutic intervention. Beginning with a section on the design of antisense technology and their delivery, the book continues by covering model systems developed to evaluate efficacy, both in vivo and in vitro, as well as methods to evaluate preclinically the toxicity associated with these new potential drugs, and intellectual property considerations. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Antisense RNA Design, Delivery, and Analysis provides basic knowledge and a large collection of methods to facilitate the work Table of ContentsPart I: Overview 1. Introduction and History of the Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Therapeutics Michael J. Gait and Sudhir Agrawal 2. Antisense RNA Therapeutics: A Brief Overview Virginia Arechavala-Gomeza and Alejandro Garanto Part II: Design and Formulation of Antisense Technology 3. Design of Bifunctional Antisense Oligonucleotides for Exon Inclusion Haiyan Zhou 4. Design and Delivery of SINEUP: A New Modular Tool to Increase Protein Translation Michele Arnoldi, Giulia Zarantonello, Stefano Espinoza, Stefano Gustincich, Francesca Di Leva, and Marta Biagioli 5. How to Design U1 snRNA Molecules for Splicing Rescue Liliana Matos, Juliana I. Santos, Mª Francisca Coutinho, and Sandra Alves 6. Conjugation of Nucleic Acids and Drugs to Gold Nanoparticles Paula Milán-Rois, Ciro Rodriguez-Diaz, Milagros Castellanos, and Álvaro Somoza 7. Determination of Optimum Ratio of Cationic Polymers and Small Interfering RNA with Agarose Gel Retardation Assay Omer Aydin, Dilek Kanarya, Ummugulsum Yilmaz, and Cansu Umran Tunc 8. Generation of Protein-Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer Conjugates for Efficient Cellular Delivery via Anthrax Protective Antigen Valentina Palacio-Castañeda, Roland Brock, and Wouter P.R. Verdurmen Part III: In Vitro Model Systems 9. Development and Use of Cellular Systems to Assess and Correct Splicing Defects Nuria Suárez-Herrera, Tomasz Z. Tomkiewicz, Alejandro Garanto, and Rob W.J. Collin 10. Modeling Splicing Variants Amenable to Antisense Therapy by Use of CRISPR-Cas9-Based Gene Editing in HepG2 Cells Arístides López-Márquez, Ainhoa Martínez-Pizarro, Belén Pérez, Eva Richard, and Lourdes R. Desviat 11. In Vitro Models for the Evaluation of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Skin Jeroen Bremer and Peter C. van den Akker 12. In Vitro Delivery of PMOs in Myoblasts by Electroporation Remko Goossens and Annemieke Aartsma-Rus 13. Rapid Determination of MBNL1 Protein Levels by Quantitative Dot Blot for Evaluation of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Myotonic Dystrophy Myoblasts Nerea Moreno-Cervera, Irene Gonzalez-Martinez, Rubén Artero, and Estefanía Cerro-Herreros 14. Evaluation of Exon Skipping and Dystrophin Restoration in In Vitro Models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Andrea López-Martínez, Patricia Soblechero-Martín, and Virginia Arechavala-Gomeza 15. Generation of Human iPSC-Derived Myotubes to Investigate RNA-Based Therapies In Vitro Pablo Herrero-Hernandez, Atze J. Bergsma, and W.W.M. Pim Pijnappel 16. Eye on a Dish Models to Evaluate Splicing Modulation Kwan-Leong Hau, Amelia Lane, Rosellina Guarascio, and Michael E. Cheetham 17. Establishment of In Vitro Brain Models for AON Delivery Elena Daoutsali and Ronald A.M. Buijsen Part IV: In Vivo Model Systems 18. Considerations for Generating Humanized Mouse Models to Test Efficacy of Antisense Oligonucleotides Irene Vázquez-Domínguez and Alejandro Garanto 19. Generation of Humanized Zebrafish Models for the In Vivo Assessment of Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Splice Modulation Therapies Renske Schellens, Erik de Vrieze, Ralph Slijkerman, Hannie Kremer, and Erwin van Wijk 20. Use of Small Animal Models for Duchenne and Parameters to Assess Efficiency upon Antisense Treatment Ngoc Lu-Nguyen, Alberto Malerba, and Linda Popplewell 21. In Vivo Models for the Evaluation of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Skin Jeroen Bremer and Peter C. van den Akker 22. Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides to the Mouse Retina Alejandro Garanto 23. Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides to the Mouse Brain by Intracerebroventricular Injections Tom Metz, Elsa C. Kuijper, and Willeke M.C. van Roon-Mom 24. Intrathecal Delivery of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides for Potent Modulation of Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System Zachary Kennedy, James W. Gilbert, and Bruno M.D.C. Godinho Part V: Safety and Toxicology 25. Preclinical Safety Assessment of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides Patrik Andersson 26. Preclinical Evaluation of the Renal Toxicity of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics in Mice Lucía Echevarría and Aurelie Goyenvalle 27. Protocol for Isolation and Culture of Mouse Hepatocytes (HCs), Kupffer Cells (KCs), and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (LSECs) in Analyses of Hepatic Drug Distribution Kjetil Elvevold, Ingelin Kyrrestad, Karen Kristine Sørensen, and Bård Smedsrød Part VI: Intellectual Property 28. Patent Considerations When Embarking on New Antisense Drug Programs Laurence D.S. Gainey

Read more less

Book SynopsisEpilepsy has a fascinating history. To the medical historian Oswei Temkin it was ''the paradigm of the suffering of both body and soul in disease''. It is justifiably considered a window on brain function. And yet its story is more than simply a medical narrative, but one influenced also by scientific, societal and personal themes. Written for a medical and non-medical readership, this book describes the major developments in epilepsy between 18602020, a turbulent era in which science dominated as an explanatory model, medical theories and practices steered an erratic course, and when societal attitudes and approaches to epilepsy fluctuated dramatically. In the middle of this maelstrom was the person with epilepsy at the mercy of social attitudes and legislation, and at times harmed as well as helped by medicine and science. So entangled is the history that intriguingly, as an entity, epilepsy may now be thought not even to exist.Trade Review'… [the author guides] us through the various and different, truly anthropological perspectives on epilepsy by laying out before us readers his vast knowledge and deep wisdom related to the topic. All is so well organized, referenced and formulated in particularly clear and beautiful English.' Jürg Kesselring, Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy'… it presents as a beautiful study book, perfect to work with on a desk; however, it is much more than a study book, it is a book to be read and read again in a comfortable position.' Walter van Emde Boas, Brain Review… a marvellous achievement that is enough to ensure this exceptional work a prominent place in any epilepsy library.' Peter Wolf, Epilepsia Open'… this book is recommended reading for anyone willing to explore why they think about epilepsy the way they do – whether they may be involved professionally with epilepsy, live lives touched by this disease/disorder/condition or are simply interested in the interaction of science, medicine and society.' Markus Reuber, Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy'… this book is a rich source of interesting aspects of the history of epilepsy in the past 160 years. It is recommended for physicians, in particular neurologists, and those non-medically trained persons interested in epilepsy and its history.' Peter J. Koehler, World NeurologyTable of ContentsPreface; Section 1. The voyage of the good ship epilepsy:; Introduction:; Prologue: a note on the concept of epilepsy; Section 2. 'A plague upon your epileptic visage'; 1. 1860–1914 the birth of modern epilepsy; 2. 1914–1945 epilepsy in the age of catastrophe; 3. 1945–1970 epilepsy and the new world order; 4. 1970–1995 epilepsy in a globalised world; 5. 1995–2020 the epilepsy floods are too recent; Section 3. Epilepsy: The paradigm of the suffering of both body and soul in disease; Epilogue: The separation of the wheat from the chaff; Appendix 1. The epilepsy balance sheet; Appendix 2. Obsolete or failed theories and treatments; Appendix 3. The international league against epilepsy; Glossary of scientific and medical terms in the field of epilepsy; Bibliography; Index of names; Index.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less