Condensed matter physics Books

Book SynopsisPresent State of Electron Backscatter Diffraction and Prospective Developments.- Dynamical Simulation of Electron Backscatter Diffraction Patterns.- Representations of Texture.- Energy Filtering in EBSD.- Spherical Kikuchi Maps and Other Rarities.- Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction to Phase Identification.- Phase Identification Through Symmetry Determination in EBSD Patterns.- Three-Dimensional Orientation Microscopy by Serial Sectioning and EBSD-Based Orientation Mapping in a FIB-SEM.- Collection, Processing, and Analysis of Three-Dimensional EBSD Data Sets.- 3D Reconstruction of Digital Microstructures.- Direct 3D Simulation of Plastic Flow from EBSD Data.- First-Order Microstructure Sensitive Design Based on Volume Fractions and Elementary Bounds.- Second-Order Microstructure Sensitive Design Using 2-Point Spatial Correlations.- Combinatorial Materials Science and EBSD: A High Throughput Experimentation Tool.- Grain Boundary Networks.- Measurement of the Five-ParameterTable of ContentsList of Contributors. 1. The Development of Automated Diffraction in Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy; D.J. Dingley. 2. Theoretical Framework for Electron Backscatter Diffraction; V. Randle. 3. Representation of Texture in Orientation Space; K. Rajan. 4. Rodriques-Frank Representations of Crystallographic Texture; K. Rajan. 5. Fundamentals of Automated EBSD; S.I. Wright. 6. Studies on the Accuracy of Electron Backscatter Diffraction Measurements; M.C. Demirel, B.S. El-Dasher, B.L. Adams, A.D. Rollett. 7. Phase Identification Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction in the Scanning Electron Microscope; J.R. Michael. 8. Three-Dimensional Orientation Imaging; D.J. Jensen. 9. Automated Electron Backscatter Diffraction: Present State and Prospects; R.A. Schwarzer. 10. EBSD: Buying a Systems; A. Eades. 11. Hardware and Software Optimization for Orientation Mapping and Phase Identification; P.P. Camus. 12. An Automated EBSD Acquisition and Processing System; P. Rolland, K.G. Dicks. 13. Advanced Software Capabilities for Automated EBSD; S.I. Wright, D.P. Field, D.J. Dingley. 14. Strategies for Analysis of EBSD Datasets; W.E. King, J.S. Stölken, M. Kumar, A.J. Schwartz. 15. Structure-Property Relations: EBSD-Based Materials-Sensitive Design; B.L. Adams, B.L. Henrie, L.L. Howell, R.J. Balling. 16. Use of EBSD Data in Mesoscale Numerical Analyses; R. Becker, H. Weiland. 17. Characterization of Deformed Microstructures; D.P. Field, H. Weiland. 18. AnisotropicPlasticity Modeling Incorporating EBSD Characterization of Tantalum and Zirconium; J.F. Bingert, G.C. Kaschner, T.A. Mason, P.J. Maudlin, G.T. Gray III. 19. Measuring Strains Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction; A.J. Wilkinson. 20. Mapping Residual Plastic Strain in Materials Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction; E.M. Lehockey, Yang-Pi Lin, O.E. Lepik. 21.EBSD Contra TEM Characterization of a Deformed Aluminum Single Crystal; Xiaoxu Huang, D.J. Jensen. 22. Continuous Recrystallization and Grain Boundaries in a Superplastic Aluminum Alloy; T.R. McNelley. 23. Analysis of Facets and Other Surfaces Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction; V. Randle. 24. EBSD of Ceramic Materials; J.K. Farrer, J.R. Michael, C.B. Carter. 25. Grain Boundary Character Based Design of Polycrystalline High Temperature Superconducting Wires; A. Goyal. Index.

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Book Synopsis1. Into Quantumland; 2. The Heisenberg Bank; 3. The Mechanic's Institute; 4. The Copenhagen School; 5. The Fermi-Bose Academy; 6. Virtual Reality; 7. Atoms in the Void; 8. Castle Rutherford; 9. The Particle MASSquerade; 10. The Experimental Physics Phun PhairTable of Contents1. Into Quantumland; 2. The Heisenberg Bank; 3. The Mechanic's Institute; 4. The Copenhagen School; 5. The Fermi-Bose Academy; 6. Virtual Reality; 7. Atoms in the Void; 8. Castle Rutherford; 9. The Particle MASSquerade; 10. The Experimental Physics Phun Phair

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Book SynopsisI First Quantization and Path Integrals.- 1 Path Integrals and Point Particles.- 2 NambuGoto Strings.- 3 Superstrings.- 4 Conformal Field Theory and Kac-Moody Algebras.- 5 Multiloops and Teichmüller Spaces.- II Second Quantization and the Search for Geometry.- 6 Light Cone Field Theory.- 7 BRST Field Theory.- III Phenomenology and Model Building.- 8 Anomalies and the AtiyahSinger Theorem.- 9 Heterotic Strings and Compactification.- 10 CalabiYau Spaces and Orbifolds.- IV M-Theory.- 11 M-Theory and Duality.- 12 Compactifications and BPS States.- 13Solitons, D-Branes, and Black Holes.- A.1 A Brief Introduction to Group Theory.- A.2 A Brief Introduction to General Relativity.- A.3 A Brief Introduction to the Theory of Forms.- A.4 A Brief Introduction to Supersymmetry.- A.5 A Brief Introduction to Supergravity.- A.6 Notation.- References.Trade ReviewFrom the reviewsFoundations of Physics, on the first edition:"... the dedicated reader...will be well versed in this fascinating area of theoretical physics."Physics Today, on the first edition:"...presents a pedagogical survey on string theory. It covers material from early developments to present-day research ... divided into three parts ... results of quantization, string field theory, and phenomenology ... an impressive effort..." FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS"Kaku’s book, at 568 pages, is a comprehensive, self-contained text on string theory…[It] contains useful summaries of mathematical topics such as index theory, cohomology, and Kahler manifolds. This is a book for the really serious student of string theory; the dedicated reader who emerges after page 568 will be well versed in this fascinating area of theoretical physics.”Table of ContentsI. First Quantization and Path Integrals; 1. Path Integrals and Point Particles; 2. Nambu-Goto Strings; 3. Superstrings; 4. Conformal Field Theory and Kac-Moody Algebras; 5. Multiloops and Teichmüller Spaces; II. Second Quantization and the Search for Geometry; 6. Light Cone Field Theory; 7. BRST Field Theory; 8. Anomalies and the Atiyah-Singer Theorem; 9. Heterotic Strings and Compactification; 10. Calabi-Yau Spaces and Orbifolds; 11.M-theory and Duality; 12. Compatifications and BPS States 13. Solitons, D-branes, and Black Holes; Appendices; Index

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Book SynopsisTransport phenomena in plasmas are the relatively slow processes of particle momentum and energy transport systems in a state of mechanical equilibrium. In contrast to neutral gases, these phenomena in plasmas are greatly influenced by self-consistent fields, in particular electric fields. These can produce particle and energy fluxes, in addition to those generated by the inhomogeneity of the plasma composition and temperature. As a result, the physical effects accompanying transport phenomena in plasmas are far more numerous and complicated than those in neutral gases, and the solution of corresponding problems is more difficult. The effects, however, are usually far more interesting and sometimes surprising. This book presents a systematic survey and analysis of the main mechanisms of transport phenomena in plasma and gives examples of gradually increasing complexity to illustrate these mechanisms and the relationships between them. The author pays special attention to the anTable of ContentsIntroduction. Transport Equations. Sheath Structure and Effective Boundary Conditions for Plasma Equations. Transport Processes in the Absence of Magnetic Field. One-Dimensional Diffusion in a Magnetized Plasma. Diffusion of Unbounded Plasma in Magnetic Field. Diffusion of a Bounded Weakly Ionized Magnetized Plasma. Thermodiffusion in Magnetic Field. Influence of Net Current through Plasma Inhomogeneity on its Evolution on Absence of Magnetic Field. Inhomogenieties in Currentless Multispecies Plasmas with Great Distinction in Partial Temperatures. Evolution of Magnetized Plasma in Presence of Net Current. Electron Energy Transport.

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Book SynopsisScattering experiments, using X-ray, light and neutron sources, are techniques for studying structure and dynamics in systems containing colloids, polymers, surfactants and biological macromolecules. This book presents information on data interpretation, on the complementarity of different types of radiation, and the applications and developments.Table of ContentsPart I. Using general principles 1. Introduction to scattering experiments (P.N. Pusey) 2. Scattering experiments: Experimental aspects, initial data reduction and absolute calibration (P. Lindner) 3. General theorems in small-angle scattering (O. Spalla) 4. The inverse scattering problem in small angle scattering (O. Glatter) 5. Fourier transformation and deconvolution (O. Glatter) Part II. Methods 6. Instrumentation for small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering and instrumental smearing effects (J.S. Pedersen) 7. Contrast and contrast variaion in neutron, x-ray and light scatering (P. Schurtenberger) 8. Static light scattering of large systems (O. Glatter) 9. Dynamic light scattering (P.N. Pusey) 10.Inelastic neutron scattering: Dynamics of polymers (R. Zorn) Part III. Revealing microstructures of soft condensed matter 11. Static properties of polymers (P. Schurtenberger) 12. Surfactant micelles and bilayers: Shapes and interactions (G. Porte) 13. Scattering by microemulsions (Th. Zemb) 14. Interacting colloidal suspensions (R. Klein) 15. Monte Carlo simulation techniques applied in the analysis of small-angle scattering data from colloids and polymer system (J.S. Pedersen) 16. Modelling of small-angle scattering data from colloids and polymer systems (J.S. Pedersen) Part IV. Special Applications 17. Scattering experiments under external constraints: SANS and Shear flow (P. Lindner) 18. Using synchrotron radiation to study structure development in polymer processing (A.J.Ryan) 19. Biological applications of small-angle neutron scattering (R.P. May) 20. Light scattering in turbid suspensions, a tutorial (J. Ricka) 21. Use of scattering methods in chemical industr - SAXS an SANS from fibers and films (J. Rieger) Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThe physics and chemistry underlying what happens at the surface of two liquid substances has applications in purification of nuclear waste, emulsion technology, textile processing, cosmetics, paper production, and mineral extraction processes.Table of ContentsTHERMODYNAMICS OF INTERFACES. Introduction to Classical Thermodynamics. Measurement of Interfacial Tension. Adsorption at Liquid Interfaces. ELECTRIFIED INTERFACES. Interfacial Potentials. Electrocapillarity. Energetics of Extraction. STRUCTURE OF INTERFACES. Interfacial Structures and Electrical Double Layers. CHEMISTRY AT LIQUID INTERFACES. Interfacial Catalysis. Light Energy Conversion at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: Artificial Photosynthetic Systems. MEMBRANES. Membrane Thermodynamics and Electrostatics. Mechanics of Interfaces. Bibliography. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn in-depth, up-to-date presentation of the physics and operational principles of all modern semiconductor devices The companion volume to Dr. Sze's classic Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Modern Semiconductor Device Physics covers all the significant advances in the field over the past decade.Table of ContentsBipolar Transistors (P. Asbeck). Compound-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (M. Shur & T. Fjeldly). MOSFETs and Related Devices (S. Hillenius). Power Devices (B. Baliga). Quantum-Effect and Hot-Electron Devices (S. Luryi & A. Zaslavsky). Active Microwave Diodes (H. Eisele & G. Haddad). High-Speed Photonic Devices (T. Lee & S. Chandrasekhar). Solar Cells (M. Green). Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn introduction to SPICE-oriented semiconductor device modeling. The SPICE program allows engineers to simulate both individual devices and electronic circuits, performing a large number of different analyses needed for tasks such as verification of circuit designs and prediction of circuit performance.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Spice. Charge Transport in Semiconductors. Two-Terminal Devices. Bipolar Junction Transistors. Field Effect Transistors. Advanced FET Modeling. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisComprehensive coverage of theory and applications alike Superconductor Technology integrates research efforts from aroundthe world and provides the most comprehensive presentation ofsuperconducting technology available. It covers high- andlow-temperature superconductors (HTSC and LTSC) and, while thediscussion centers on the more practical HTSC applications (thosein the range of 77K), the advantages of LTSC technology in certaincircumstances are also explored. Author A. R. Jha examines the implementation of superconductingtechnology in every conceivable system or device, identifyingapplications and potential applications in diverse fields,including radio astronomical systems, laser radar, microwave andmillimeter-wave missile receivers, satellite communication systems,high-resolution medical equipment, and many more. Complete withnumerous illustrations and photographs and fully referenced,Superconductor Technology: * Covers theory and practice across a wide range oTable of ContentsPhenomenology and Theory of Superconductivity. Superconductor Forms and Their Critical Microwave Properties. Superconducting Substrate Materials. Application of Superconducting Technology to PassiveComponents. Applications of Superconducting Thin Films to Active Rf Componentsand Circuits. Performance Improvement of Solid-State Devices at CryogenicTemperatures. Application of Superconductor Technology to Components Used inRadar, Communication, Space, and Electronic Warfare. Applications of Superconducting Technology to ElectroopticalComponents and Systems. Applications of LTSC and HTSC Technology to Medical DiagnosticEquipment. Application of Superconducting Technology to Generators, Motors,and Transmission Lines. Cryogenic Refrigerator Systems. Index.

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Book SynopsisContaining the most reliable parameter values for each of these semiconductor materials, along with applicable references, these data are organized in a structured, logical way for each semiconductor material. * Reviews traditional semiconductor materials as well as new, advanced semiconductors. * Essential authoritative handbook on the properties of semiconductor materials.Trade Review"Six contributed chapters describe the key properties of emerging semiconductor materials systems with exciting potential..." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 2 June 2001) "Anyone working with these materials will find the up-to-date information summarized in this handbook extremely useful and handy...this handbook has the potential to become on of the most cited reference books in upcoming years." (MRS Bulletin, September 2001)Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Gallium Nitride (GaN) (V. Bougrov, et al.). Aluminum Nitride (AIN) (Y. Goldberg). Indium Nitride (InN) (A. Zubrilov). Boron Nitride (BN) (S. Rumyantsev, et al.). Silicon Carbide (SiC) (Y. Goldberg, et al.). Silicon-Germanium (Si_1-xGe_x) (F. Schäffler). Appendix 1: Basic Physical Constants. Appendix 2: Periodic Table of the Elements. Appendix 3: Rectangular Coordinates for Hexagonal Crystal. Appendix 4: The First Brillouin Zone for Wurtzite Crystal. Appendix 5: Zinc Blende Structure. Appendix 6: The First Brillouin Zone for Zinc Blende Crystal. Additional References.

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Book SynopsisThis reference explores MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductors) which are the ceramic semiconductors that are responsible for today's electronic revolution. These materials' ability to hold an electric charge allowed the transistor to replace the vacuum tube and paved the way for the miniaturization of electronic goods.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Field Effect. Metal Oxide Silicon Capacitor at Low Frequencies. Metal Oxide Silicon Capacitor at Intermediate and High Frequencies. Extraction of Interface Trap Properties from the Conductance. Interfacial Nonuniformities. Experimental Evidence for Interface Trap Properties. Extraction of Interface Trap Properties from the Capacitance. Measurement of Silicon Properties. Charges, Barrier Heights, and Flatband Voltage. Charge Trapping in the Oxide. Instrumentation for Measuring Capacitor Characteristics. Oxidation of Silicon--Oxidation Kinetics. Oxidation of Silicon--Technology. Control of Oxide Charges. Models of the Interface. Appendices. Subject Index. Symbol Index.

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Book SynopsisAn interdisciplinary work offering an introduction to the basic principles and operational characteristics of semiconductor sensors. Describes sensor technology, stressing bulk and surface micromachining. Considers a sensor group related to a special physical, chemical or biological input signal. The final chapter deals with integrated sensors.Table of ContentsClassification and Terminology of Sensors (S. Sze). Semiconductor Sensor Technologies (C. Mastrangelo & W. Tang). Acoustic Sensors (M. Motamedi & R. White). Mechanical Sensors (B. Kloeck & N. de Rooij). Magnetic Sensors (H. Baltes & R. Castagnetti). Radiation Sensors (S. Audet & J. Steigerwald). Thermal Sensors (S. Van Herwaarden & G. Meijer). Chemical Sensors (S. Morrison). Biosensors (A. Dewa & W. Ko). Integrated Sensors (K. Najafi, et al.). Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisFocuses on the principles of solid-state sensor operations, demonstrating the interdisciplinary science that governs modern sensing devices. The text covers fabrication technology, device performance, areas of application and integration/multiplexing trends in sensor development.Table of ContentsInteractions of Gases with Surfaces: The H2 Case. Gas-Sensitive Solid State Semiconductor Sensors. Photonic and Photoacoustic Gas Sensors. Fiber-Optic Sensors. Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensors. Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors. Pyroelectric and Thermal Sensors. Future Trends. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisDivided into two parts, this work begins with preliminary comments regarding the definition of "surface phases" and briefly describes the basics of two-dimensional crystallography, including background information about the formation and characterization of surface phases on silicon.Table of ContentsPRELIMINARY COMMENTS. Preliminary Comments. REVIEW OF SURFACE PHASES ON SILICON. Atomically-Clean Silicon Surfaces. Adsorbates on Silicon Surfaces. Supplements. Index.

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Book SynopsisFailure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices Second Edition E. Ajith Amerasekera Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, USA Farid N. Najm University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Since the successful first edition of Failure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices, semiconductor technology has become increasingly important. The high complexity of today''s integrated circuits has engendered a demand for greater component reliability. Reflecting the need for guaranteed performance in consumer applications, this thoroughly updated edition includes more detailed material on reliability modelling and prediction. The book analyses the main failure mechanisms in terms of cause, effects and prevention and explains the mathematics behind reliability analysis. The authors detail methodologies for the identification of failures and describe the approaches for building reliability into semiconductor devices. Their thorough yet accessible text covers the physics of failure mechanisms from the semiconducTable of ContentsReliability Mathematics. Principal Failure Mechanisms. Failure Mechanisms in Technologies and Circuits. Reliability Testing. Reliability Prediction. Screening. Failure Analysis. Quality Assurance. Appendix. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisOffers a concise, modern introduction to semiconductor physics, presenting all the basic information necessary to understand semiconductors, along with some of the latest theories and developments.Trade Review"With semiconductor device shrinks approaching the atomic level it is important to start considering the basic physics of semiconductors. For those with a working knowledge of quantum mechanics, "Essentials of Semiconductor Physics" by Tom Wenckebach is a good place to start." (European Design and Semiconductor Production, November 1999)Table of ContentsElectrons, Nuclei and Hamiltonians. Band Structure. The K ? p-Approximation. Effective Mass Theory. The Crystal Lattice. Electron-Phonon Coupling. Charge Transport. Optical Transitions. Appendices. Exercises. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in the field, including the way such structures are grown, how experiments on the structures have clarified long-standing theoretical predictions, how the structures are characterized, and the performance of devices developed from the structures.Trade Review"It covers the way structures are grown, how they are characterized..." (La Doc Sti, Vol. 369, January 1999)Table of ContentsFabrication Techniques for Quantum Dots. Self-Organization Concepts on Crystal Surfaces. Growth and Structural Characterization of Self-Organized Quantum Dots. Modeling of Ideal and Real Quantum Dots. Electronic and Optical Properties. Electrical Properties. Photonic Devices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe electronic-structural calculations of the properties of specific materials have become increasingly important since the 1970s. This book focuses equally on the different computational methods in relation to traditional quantum chemistry and solid-state physics.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Operators; Eigenvalues and eigen funtions; Factorization, time- and spin-dependence; Variational principle, Lagrange multipliers; Perturbation theory; Symmetry and group theory; The Schrödinger equation and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation; The Hartree, Hartree-Fock and Hartree-Fock-Roothaan methods; Basis Sets; Semiempirical methods; Creation and annihilation operators; Correlation effects; Where are the electrons and atoms?; Density functional theory; Some simplifications and technical details; Green's Function; Acidity and basicity, hardness and softness; Periodicity and band structures; Structure and forces; Vibrations; Electronic excitations; Relativistic Effects; Molecules and solids in electromagnetic fields; Impurities; Surface and interfaces; Non-periodic, extended systems; Phase diagrams; Clusters; Macromolecules; Interactions; Solvation; Relativistic effects;

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Book SynopsisThe electronic-structural calculations of the properties of specific materials have become increasingly important since the 1970s. This book focuses equally on the different computational methods in relation to traditional quantum chemistry and solid-state physics.Trade Review"..an admirable attempt to cover the whole of modern electronic-structure calculations and is a must-have for anyone studying or actively researching in this field." (Contemporary Physics, Vol.43, No.3, 2002)Table of ContentsPRELIMINARIES. Operators. Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions. Factorization; Time and Spin Dependence. Variational Principle; Lagrange Multipliers. Perturbation Theory. Symmetry and Group Theory. BASIC METHODS. The Schrödinger Equation and the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation. The Hartree, Hartree-Fock, and Hartree-Fock-Roothaan Methods. Basis Sets. Semiempirical Methods. Creation and Annihilation Operators. Correlation Effects. Where are the Electrons and Atoms? Density Functional Theory. Some Simplifications and Technical Details. Green's Function. SPECIAL PROPERTIES. Acidity and Basicity; Hardness and Softness. Periodicity and Band Structures. Structure and Forces. Vibrations. Electronic Excitations. Relativistic Effects. Molecules and Solids in Electromagnetic Fields. SPECIAL SYSTEMS. Impurities. Surfaces and Interfaces. Non-Periodic, Extended Systems. Phase Diagrams. Clusters. Macromolecules. Interactions. Solvation. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisTaking an original, imaginative approach to the subject, Stephen Elliott's book is one of the first to bridge the gap between solid state physics and chemistry.Trade Review"it [the book] would be a useful reference source for solid state chemists." (Angenanote Chemie, Vol. 38, No. 4, 1999)Table of ContentsSynthesis and Preparation of Materials. Atomic Structure and Bonding. Defects. Atomic Dynamics. Electrons in Solids. Electron Dynamics. Dielectric and Magnetic Properties. Reduced Dimensionality. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisMuch data has been collected from experiments on the kinetics of radical reactions in different solids. This text explores the kinetics of solids. It discusses low-molecular matrices, polymers, and examines hydrogen atom transfer, triple carbene reactions and radical pair transformations.Table of ContentsFormally Kinetic Description of Reactions with Dispersion in Reactivity. Influence of Space-Orientation Factors on Reactivity in Solids. Connection of Solid Phase Kinetics with Molecular Dynamics. The Effect of the Structural-Physical Modification on the Kinetics of Radical Reactions. Tunnelling in Solid Phase Reactions. The Kinetic Isotope Effect in Solid Phase Reactions. Kinetics of Photoinitiated Reactions in Solids. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume aims to provide an overview of the different techniques, discusses the principles behind them, and gives a concise description of laser-induced and laser-detected processes on surfaces. Recent developments in the field, such as nonlinear surface spectroscopies, are introduced.Table of ContentsLight and Matter. Adsorption, Desorption and Diffusion. Spectroscopy. Dynamics and Ultrafast Studies. Fundamental Laser Surface Treatment. Advanced Treatment. Laser Medicine.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a concise introduction to the experimental technicalities of low and ultralow temperature physics research. The author has made extensive use of diagrams as aids to understanding, and refers the reader to the professional literature at appropriate points in the text. The book begins with an introduction to the thermodynamic principles of refrigeration and thermometry. It covers the properties of fluid 3He/3He mixtures and the most important practical means of achieving low temperatures, including dilution and Pomeranchuk refrigeration and adiabatic nuclear demagnetisation. The basic introduction to the subject will be of value to postgraduate students beginning research in low temperature physics, and to seasoned researchers moving into the field. It could also be used by advanced undergraduates taking low temperature physics courses.Trade Review"...a pleasure to read, and the reader can absorb an impressive amount of information with little effort." Physics Today"I have no hesitation in recommending this book to anyone seeking an up to date introduction to the field of low temperature physics, particularly graduate students considering this area for their research project." Physics in CanadaTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction to refrigeration and thermometry; 2. Properties of fluid 3He/4He mixtures; 3. Dilution refrigeration; 4. The Pomeranchuk refrigerator; 5. Adiabatic nuclear demagnetisation; 6. Thermometry; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisBose-Einstein condensation of excitons is a unique effect in which the electronic states of a solid can self-organize to acquire quantum phase coherence. The phenomenon is closely linked to Bose-Einstein condensation in other systems such as liquid helium and laser-cooled atomic gases. This is the first book to provide a comprehensive survey of this field, covering theoretical aspects as well as recent experimental work. After setting out the relevant basic physics of excitons, the authors discuss exciton-phonon interactions as well as the behaviour of biexcitons. They cover exciton phase transitions and give particular attention to nonlinear optical effects including the optical Stark effect and chaos in excitonic systems. The thermodynamics of equilibrium, quasi-equilibrium, and nonequilibrium systems are examined in detail. The authors interweave theoretical and experimental results throughout the book, and it will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in semiconTrade Review"...a most useful text by two physicists each of whom has made substantial contributions to the field of Bose-Einstein condensation...a thorough introduction to all aspects of condensed matter physics, combined with much of the formal theory required to understand a wide range of experiments...Any scientist interested in establishing a more constructive dialogue with the science and technology studies community would be well-advised to read [this work]." Physics TodayTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Basic theory; 3. Interaction with phonons; 4. Biexcitons; 5. Phase transitions of excitons; 6. The optical Stark effect; 7. Mixed states of excitons and photons; 8. Nonequilibrium kinetics; 9. Coherent nonlinear optics; 10. New directions; Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThis book marked the centenary of the discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson in 1897, an event which occurred at a great turning point in the history of scientific ideas, and the impact of which on the development of science in the twentieth century has been profound.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'This is an excellent book for its declared purpose of providing collateral reading at the Physics World level to those who already have a background in modern physics. There is more than enough here to allow the electron to consider its birthday suitably celebrated.' P. W. Anderson, The Times Higher Education SupplementReview of the hardback: '… this is a fine birthday tribute to the electron, and a good starting point for physicists wishing to delve a little deeper into a field of study adjacent to their own.' Jonathan Butterworth, New ScientistReview of the hardback: 'Each chapter is a fascinating story in its own right.' E. E. Davis, The ObservatoryReview of the hardback: 'This is an impressive and attractive book and has been very well produced by Cambridge University Press.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of Contents1. J. J. Thomson and the discovery of the electron A. B. P. Pippard; 2. The isolated electron W. N. Cottingham; 3. The relativistic electron D. I. Olive; 4. The electron glue B. L. Gyorffy; 5. The electron fluid P. Coleman; 6. The magnetic electron G. G. Lonzarich; 7. The paired electron A. J. Leggett; 8. The heavy electron M. Springford; 9. The coherent electron Y. Imry and M. Peskin; 10. The composite electron R. Nicholas; 11. The electron in the cosmos M. S. Longair.

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Book SynopsisThis 2007 textbook presents quantum field theoretical applications to systems out of equilibrium, using both the mathematical canonical way of studying non-equilibrium states, and Feynman diagrams. Complete with numerous exercises for self-study, this textbook is suitable for graduate students in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'The information is there, well presented and comprehensive… ' Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Quantum fields; 2. Operators on the multi-particle state space; 3. Quantum dynamics and Green's functions; 4. Non-equilibrium theory; 5. Real-time formalism; 6. Linear response theory; 7. Quantum kinetic equations; 8. Non-equilibrium superconductivity; 9. Diagrammatics and generating functionals; 10. Effective action; 11. Disordered conductors; 12. Classical statistical dynamics; Appendices: A. Path integrals; B. Retarded and advanced propagators; C. Analytic properties of Green's functions; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisProviding an up-to-date and lucid presentation of phenomena across modern advanced-level solid state physics, this new edition builds on a basic understanding to introduce students to the key research with the minimum of mathematics. It covers cutting-edge topics, including electron transport and magnetism in solids, topological insulators and strongly correlated electrons.Trade Review'This book has an excellent choice of both traditional and modern topics, which is not found elsewhere. Students and researchers will find it to be a valuable introduction to advanced solid state physics. The text is lucidly written, and there are many supplementary exercises for students to enhance their understanding.' Sudip Chakravarty, Distinguished Professor and David S. Saxon Presidential Term Chair of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles'[This book] has an excellent mixture between modern and traditional topics, with emphasis on strongly correlated phenomena … The presentation of the subjects is very pleasing, with important formulas in gray boxes, simple illustrations and instructive tables. Numerous exercises help to deepen the understanding and give additional background on modern developments like, for example, graphene … an ideal textbook for getting acquainted with the most important methods and concepts in modern condensed matter physics …' Matthias Eschrig, Journal of Applied CrystallographyTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Non-interacting electron gas; 3. Born–Oppenheimer approximation; 4. Second quantization; 5. Hartree–Fock approximation; 6. Interacting electron gas; 7. Local magnetic moments in metals; 8. Quenching of local moments: the Kondo problem; 9. Screening and plasmons; 10. Bosonization; 11. Electron-lattice interactions; 12. Superconductivity in metals; 13. Disorder: localization and exceptions; 14. Quantum phase transitions; 15. Quantum hall and other topological states; 16. Electrons at strong coupling: mottness; Index.

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Book SynopsisUsing examples from across the sub-disciplines of physics, this introduction shows why effective field theories are the language in which physical laws are written. The tools of effective field theory are demonstrated using worked examples from areas including particle, nuclear, atomic, condensed matter and gravitational physics. To bring the subject within reach of scientists with a wide variety of backgrounds and interests, there are clear physical explanations, rigorous derivations, and extensive appendices on background material, such as quantum field theory. Starting from undergraduate-level quantum mechanics, the book gets to state-of-the-art calculations using both relativistic and nonrelativistic few-body and many-body examples, and numerous end-of-chapter problems derive classic results not covered in the main text. Graduate students and researchers in particle physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, string theory, and mathematical physics more generally, will find this book ideal for both self-study and for organized courses on effective field theory.Trade Review'This book can serve as a reference work for graduate students of theoretical physics as well as a professional reference … Recommended.' M. O. Farooq, ChoiceTable of ContentsPart I. Theoretical framework; 1. Decoupling and hierarchies of scale; 2. Effective actions; 3. Power counting and matching; 4. Symmetries; 5. Boundaries; Part II. Relativistic applications; 7. Conceptual issues (relativistic systems); 8. QCD and chiral perturbation theory; 9. The Standard Model as an effective theory; 10. General Relativity as an effective theory; Part III. Nonrelativistic Applications; 11. Conceptual issues (nonrelativistic systems); 12. Electrodynamics of non-relativistic particles; 13. First-quantized methods; Part IV. Many-body applications; 14. Goldstone bosons again; 15. Degenerate systems; 16. EFTs and open systems; Appendix A Conventions and units; Appendix B Momentum eigenstates and scattering; Appendix C Quantum field theory: a cartoon; Appendix D Further reading; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis 1979 book discusses how the physical and chemical properties of disordered systems such as liquids, glasses, alloys, amorphous semiconductors, polymer solutions and magnetic materials can be explained by theories based on a variety of mathematical models, including random assemblies of hard spheres, tetrahedrally-bonded networks and lattices of 'spins'.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Cellular disorder; 2. Topographical disorder; 3. Continuum disorder; 4. The observation of disorder; 5. Statistical mechanics of substitutional disorder; 6. Thermodynamics of topological disorder; 7. Macromolecular disorder; 8. Excitations on a disordered linear chain; 9. Excitations on a disordered lattice; 10. Electrons in disordered metals; 11. Excitations of a toplogically disordered network; 12. Dilute and amorphous magnets; 13. Electrons in 'gases'; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook describes the fundamental principles of structural phase transitions in materials in an easily understandable form, suitable for both undergraduate and graduate students.Trade Review"...the author is admired for integrating the subject at its infancy; the book describes phenomena, domain structures, and theories of phase transition and wall mobility, with generous illustrations of geologically interesting materials. The first few chapters are suitable for general reading, the level being similar to the articles in Scientific American. The more persistent readers will benefit from later chapters and a long bibliography of known co-elastic crystals. I strongly recommend this book to all science and engineering libraries, as well as to anyone who wishes to learn ferroelasticity." Z. Suo, PAGEOPHTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction and some definitions; 2. Ferroelastic and co-elastic phase transitions; 3. The Landau potential; 4. The spontaneous strain; 5. Coupling between the spontaneous strain and the order parameter; 6. Macroscopic classification of ferroic and co-elastic crystals; 7. Ferroelastic and co-elastic twin structures; 8. Domain mobilities and elastic instabilities in ferroelastic and co-elastic materials; 9. Specific heat anomalies and the excess entropy; 10. Coupling between order parameters in ferroelastic and co-elastic crystals; 11. Gradient coupling and strain modulations; 12. Some aspects of the kinetic behaviour of ferroelastic and co-elastic crystals: an outlook; References.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive, well-illustrated book covers almost all important examples of the physics of electronic fluctuations (noise) in solids. Written for both physics and electronic engineering graduates, it is ideal for researchers in noise phenomena and highly sensitive electronic devices.Trade Review'I … recommend this book to anyone interested in the theory of fluctuation phenomena and how it is applied in applied research.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Introduction. Some Basic Concepts of the Theory of Random Processes: 1. Probability density functions. Moments. Stationary processes; 2. Correlation function; 3. Spectral density of noise; 4. Ergodicity and nonergodicity of random processes; 5. Random pulses and shot noise; 6. Markov processes. General theory; 7. Discrete Markov processes. Random telegraph noise; 8. Quasicontinuous (Diffusion-like) Markov processes; 9. Brownian motion; 10. Langevin approach to the kinetics of fluctuations; Part II. Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations in Equilibrium Systems: 11. Derivation of fluctuation-dissipation relations; 12. Equilibrium noise in quasistationary circuits. Nyquist theorem; 13. Fluctuations of electromagnetic fields in continuous media; Part III. Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Gases: 14. Some basic concepts of hot-electrons' physics; 15. Simple model of current fluctuations in a semiconductor with hot electrons; 16. General kinetic theory of quasiclassical fluctuations in a gas of particles. The Boltzmann-Langevin equation; 17. Current fluctuations and noise temperature; 18. Current fluctuations and diffusion in a gas of hot electrons; 19. One-time correlation in nonequilibrium gases; 20. Intervalley noise in multivalley semiconductors; 21. Noise of hot electrons emitting optical phonons in the streaming regime; 22. Noise in a semiconductor with a postbreakdown stable current filament; Part IV. Generation-recombination noise: 23. G-R noise in uniform unipolar semiconductors; 24. Noise produced by recombination and diffusion; Part V. Noise in quantum ballistic systems: 25. Introduction; 26. Equilibrium noise and shot noise in quantum conductors; 27. Modulation noise in quantum point contacts; 28. Transition from a ballistic conductor to a macroscopic one; 29. Noise in tunnel junctions; Part VI. Resistance noise in metals: 30. Incoherent scattering of electrons by mobile defects; 31. Effect of mobile scattering centers on the electron interference pattern; 32. Fluctuations of the number of diffusing scattering centers; 33. Temperature fluctuations and the corresponding noise; Part VII. Noise in strongly disordered conductors: 34. Basic ideas of the percolation theory; 35. Resistance fluctuations in percolation systems. 36. Experiments; Part VIII. Low-frequency noise with an 1/f-type spectrum and random telegraph noise: 37. Introduction; 38. Some general properties of 1/f noise; 39. Basic models of 1/f noise; 40./f noise in metals; 41. Low-frequency noise in semiconductors; 42. Magnetic noise in spin glasses and some other magnetic systems; 43. Temperature fluctuations as a possible source of 1/f noise; 44. Random telegraph noise; 45. Fluctuations with 1/f spectrum in other systems; 46. General conclusions on 1/f noise; Part IX. Noise in Superconductors and Superconducting Structures: 47. Noise in Josephson junctions; 48. Noise in type II superconductors; References; Subject index.

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Book SynopsisModern electronic devices and novel materials often derive their extraordinary properties from the intriguing, complex behavior of large numbers of electrons forming what is known as an electron liquid. This book provides an in-depth introduction to the physics of the interacting electron liquid in a broad variety of systems, including metals, semiconductors, artificial nano-structures, atoms and molecules. One, two and three dimensional systems are treated separately and in parallel. Different phases of the electron liquid, from the Landau Fermi liquid to the Wigner crystal, from the Luttinger liquid to the quantum Hall liquid are extensively discussed. Both static and time-dependent density functional theory are presented in detail. Although the emphasis is on the development of the basic physical ideas and on a critical discussion of the most useful approximations, the formal derivation of the results is highly detailed and based on the simplest, most direct methods.Trade Review'All in all, this is an excellent book with the bonus of a useful selection of exercises to test the reader's understanding. … for those with stamina, and a zest for getting to the bottom of how nature really operates, study of this book will certainly repay the effort.' Chemistry World'This book contains a wealth of information that will repay diligent study, much of it not to be found together in any other graduate textbook.' The Times Higher Education Supplement'The book, unquestionably attractive to the more experienced reader… is an invaluable source of material for many-body theory as a part of condensed matter physics graduate courses. The book contains sophisticated and important concepts, such as spin-dependant effective electronic interactions, a subject virtually impossible to find in other textbooks. Every graduate student and researcher studying condensed matter theory should obtain a copy of this exceptional text.' Physics TodayTable of Contents1. Introduction to the electron liquid; 2. The Hartree-Fock approximation; 3. Linear response theory; 4. Linear response of independent electrons; 5. Linear response of an interacting electron liquid; 6. The perturbative calculation of linear response functions; 7. Density functional theory; 8. The normal Fermi liquid; 9. The one-dimensional electron gas and the Luttinger liquid; 10. The two-dimensional electron gas at high magnetic field.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a course in modern quantum field theory for condensed matter physics. The book is intended for graduate students, postdoctoral associates and independent researchers working condensed matter physics.Trade ReviewFrom reviews of the first edition: '… bridges the gap in the current research literature on low-dimensional electron and spin model systems … I expect my copy to become one of the more ratty items on my shelf.' Physics Today'Throughout the whole book, the key concepts of QFT related to condensed matter physics are concisely introduced, with examples and excercises added at the end of the chapters when necessary and references listed for each chapter …' Materials Research BulletinTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Part I. Introduction to Methods: 1. QFT: language and goals; 2. Connection between quantum and classical: path integrals; 3. Definitions of correlation functions: Wick's theorem; 4. Free bosonic field in an external field; 5. Perturbation theory: Feynman diagrams; 6. Calculation methods for diagram series: divergences and their elimination; 7. Renormalization group procedures; 8. O(N)-symmetric vector model below the transition point; 9. Nonlinear sigma models in two dimensions: renormalization group and 1/N-expansion; 10. O(3) nonlinear sigma model in the strong coupling limit; Part II. Fermions: 11. Path integral and Wick's theorem for fermions; 12. Interaction electrons: the Fermi liquid; 13. Electrodynamics in metals; 14. Relativistic fermions: aspects of quantum electrodynamics; 15. Aharonov-Bohm effect and transmutation of statistics; Part III. Strongly Fluctuating Spin Systems: Introduction; 16. Schwinger-Wigner quantization procedure: nonlinear sigma models; 17. O(3) nonlinear sigma model in (2+1) dimensions: the phase diagram; 18. Order from disorder; 19. Jordan-Wigner transformations for spin S=1/2 models in D=1, 2, 3; 20. Majorana representation for spin S=1/2 magnets: relationship to Z2 lattice gauge theories; 21. Path integral representations for a doped antiferromagnet; Part IV. Physics in the World of One Spatial Dimension: Introduction; 22. Model of the free bosonic massless scalar field; 23. Relevant and irrelevant fields; 24. Kosterlitz-Thouless transition; 25. Conformal symmetry; 26. Virasoro algebra; 27. Differential equations for the correlation functions; 28. Ising model; 29. One-dimensional spinless fermions: Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid; 30. One-dimensional fermions with spin: spin-charge separation; 31. Kac-Moody algebras: Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model; 32. Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model in the Lagrangian form: non-Abelian bosonization; 33. Semiclassical approach to Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten models; 34. Integrable models: dynamical mass generation; 35. A comparative study of dynamical mass generation in one and three dimensions; 36. One-dimensional spin liquids: spin ladder and spin S=1 Heisenberg chain; 37. Kondo chain; 38. Gauge fixing in non-Abelian theories: (1+1)-dimensional quantum chromodynamics; Select bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first to give a comprehensive account of the fundamental properties of metal-oxide surfaces and their interaction with atoms, molecules and overlayers. The surfaces of metal oxides play a crucial role in an extremely wide range of phenomena, including the environmental degradation of high-Tc superconductors and catalysis. They are also increasingly important in processes such as the passivation of metal surfaces and gas sensing for pollution monitoring and control. As well as giving a general overview of the properties of metal-oxides, an extensive and thorough compilation of the research that has been performed on well characterised oxide surfaces is provided, thus making the book suitable for those graduate students and established researchers in materials science, chemistry or physics who have an interest in metal-oxide surfaces.Trade Review' … an extremely useful book which gives a competent and reliable survey of the field … The style of presentation, the instructive diagrams, and not least the outstandingly good treatment of the literature also make this a valuable resource for those engaged in related disciplines such as solid state physics, oxides chemistry, materials science and catalysis. Libraries are strongly recommended to buy it as a comprehensive monograph with a long life expectancy.' Angewandte Chemie'The subject covered by this excellent book is very much at the frontier of surface science. …The book represents by far the best means of getting acquainted with the field of oxide surface science. It is an invaluable reference source at a very reasonable price.' Chemistry in BritainTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Geometric structure of metal-oxide surfaces; 3. Surface lattice vibrations; 4. Electronic structure of non-transition metal-oxide surfaces; 5. Electronic structure of transition metal-oxide surfaces; 6. Molecular adsorption on oxides; 7. Interfaces of metal oxides with metals and other oxides; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe behaviour of magnetic impurities in metals has posed problems to challenge the condensed matter theorist over the past 30 years. This book deals with the concepts and techniques which have been developed to meet this challenge, and will be of interest to condensed matter physicists, particularly those interested in strong correlation problems.Trade Review"...detailed and highly informative...The descriptions are... mathematical and well illutrated by figures and diagrams...I recommend it...the main audience for this book...is clearly the theoretical condensed matter physics community." R.J. Cava, Materials Research Bulletin"...a concise introduction to the theory of local-moment physics. Hewson provides a thorough and reliable foundation for those interested in research in strongly correlated materials. I heartily recommend it." Piers Coleman, Physics Today"...I strongly recommend this book to any reader interested in reading about the solution of the Kondo problem, or to graduate students who wish to prepare themselves for research into strongly correlated electron systems. I am sure that experts in the field will read the book and enjoy it. I came away wanting to read more!" Peter S. Riseborough, Foundations of PhysicsTable of Contents1. Models of magnetic impurities; 2. Resistivity calculations and the resistance minimum; 3. The Kondo problem; 4. Renormalization group calculations; 5. Fermi liquid theories; 6. Exact solutions and the Bethe ansatz; 7. N-fold degenerate models I; 8. N-fold degenerate models II; 9. Theory and experiment; 10. Strongly correlated fermions; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThe development of the supersymmetry technique has led to significant advances in the study of disordered metals, modern mesoscopic quantum devices, localization in quantum wires and films, and quantum chaos. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the ideas and uses of supersymmetry.Trade Review'Efetov has done a service to condensed matter physics by explaining the ins and outs of his method in a clear and comprehensive monograph. It is likely to become a classic in the field. The book is indispensible for researchers who use or who would like to use the supersymmetry technique … I would recommend it to anyone with an interest in modern techniques of theoretical physics.' C. W. J. Beenakker, Endeavour'… a clear, readable and comprehensive introduction to this application of supersymmetry.' I. D. Lawrie, Contemporary PhysicsTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Supermathematics; 3. Diffusion modes; 4. Nonlinear supermatrix σ- model; 5. Perturbation theory and renormalization group; 6. Energy level statistics; 7. Quantum size effects in small metal particles; 8. Persistent currents in mesoscopic rings; 9. Transport through mesoscopic devices; 10. Universal parametric correlations; 11. Localization in systems with one-dimensional geometry; 12. Anderson metal-insulator transition; 13. Disorder in two dimensions; 14. Afterword.

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Book SynopsisPresenting the physics of the most challenging problems in condensed matter using the conceptual framework of quantum field theory, this book is of great interest to physicists in condensed matter and high energy and string theorists, as well as mathematicians. Revised and updated, this second edition features new chapters on the renormalization group, the Luttinger liquid, gauge theory, topological fluids, topological insulators and quantum entanglement. The book begins with the basic concepts and tools, developing them gradually to bring readers to the issues currently faced at the frontiers of research, such as topological phases of matter, quantum and classical critical phenomena, quantum Hall effects and superconductors. Other topics covered include one-dimensional strongly correlated systems, quantum ordered and disordered phases, topological structures in condensed matter and in field theory and fractional statistics.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. The Hubbard model; 3. The magnetic instability of the Fermi system; 4. The renormalization group and scaling; 5. One-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets; 6. The Luttinger liquid; 7. Sigma models and topological terms; 8. Spin liquid states; 9. Gauge theory, dimer models, and topological phases; 10. Chiral spin states and anyons; 11. Anyon superconductivity; 12. Topology and quantum Hall effect; 13. The fractional quantum Hall effect; 14. Topological fluids; 15. Physics at the edge; 16. Topological insulators; 17. Quantum entanglement; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive, practical guide to carrying out and interpreting XAFS experiments, this textbook is ideally suited for graduate students in physics and chemistry starting XAFS-based research. Assuming only undergraduate-level physics and mathematics, it addresses experiment, theory, and data analysis. Supplementary materials are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521767750.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Basic physics of X-ray absorption and scattering; 3. Experimental; 4. Theory; 5. Data analysis; 6. Related techniques and conclusion; References; Appendices; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to provide a self-contained account of energy landscape theory and how it is used in studies of clusters, biomolecules and glasses. It is the first book to cover this active field. Illustrated in full colour, the book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in the field.Trade Review'This beautifully illustrated book provides a detailed background and description of energy landscapes and gives many examples of how they can be used to explain the properties of atomic and molecular clusters, biomolecules, glasses, and supercooled liquids … Energy Landscapes provides a pictorial language that simplifies complicated calculations to a form that can be understood and used by many scientists interested in molecular problems, from undergraduates to those at the frontier of research.' Science Magazine'Since this is the first book published in this very active field, it should serve as a reference source for a long time, and will be a very valuable resource for young scientists to become acquainted with the study of the PES of complex systems.' Angewandte Chemie'… the energy landscape community … owes a great debt to Dr Wales for producing a detailed yet eminently readable book that will serve as the standard reference for many years to come … the author is to be recommended for tackling this important and vase area and for presenting it in a lucid and unified picture. The author's clear and gentle style make the book accessible to undergraduates, while the depth of coverage and the insights that are generously sprinkled throughout the book will make it invaluable to researchers in the field … On many occasions I found myself picking up the book just for random browsing and the sheer enjoyment of the clear discussion and beautiful presentation.' Physics in Canada' … Wales' book defines a whole new subject, even more - a whole new field, and at the same time presents its state of the art description … a superb and laudable achievement, and I believe it will represent a resource on the subject of PES for years to come … I can certainly recommend it as an exhaustive guide and treasure trove of resources in the fascinating worlds of PES … a first class achievement … in many respects a beautiful, well conceived and most informative book. It moves elegantly and engagingly through various fields of theoretical physics, physical chemistry and molecular biology to expose and explain the unifying workings of the potential energy surfaces and along the way finds an elegant and meaningful connection, on a most fundamental level, between the worlds of nano and bioscience in a way hardly attempted before.' Journal of Statistical PhysicsTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. The Born–Oppenheimer approximation and normal modes; 3. Symmetry considerations; 4. Features of the landscape; 5. Describing the landscape; 6. Exploring the landscape; 7. Properties of the landscape; 8. Clusters; 9. Biomolecules; 10. Glasses and supercooled liquids.

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Book SynopsisThis 2006 textbook for graduate students in physics and chemistry describes the theoretical approaches and computational techniques for studying the behavior of electrons. The first part covers the theoretical methods, including both density-functional theory and Hartree-Fock theory and the latter part discusses the different computational methods.Table of ContentsPreface; List of symbols; List of acronyms; Part I. Theory: 1. The problem of the structure of matter; 2. The electronic problem; 3. Quantum many-body theory: chemical approaches; 4. Density function theory; 5. Exchange and correlation in DFT: approximation and their performance; Part II. Computational Methods: 6. Solving the electronic problem in practice; 7. Atomic pseudopotentials; 8. Basis sets; 9. Electronic structure methods; 10. Simplified approaches to the electronic problem; 11. Diagonalization and electronic self-consistency; 12. First-principles molecular dynamics (Car-Parrinello); Index.

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Book SynopsisThin film mechanical behavior and stress presents a technological challenge for materials scientists, physicists and engineers. Describing fundamental concepts with practical case studies, highly illustrated, thorough referencing and containing numerous homework problems, this book will be essential for graduate courses on thin films and the classic reference for researchers.Trade Review'The book is a landmark in a rich subject which has seen many developments over the past decade. In addition to being beautifully written, the book contains many illustrations, micrographs, and problems for students. The book will serve as a graduate text, as well as a comprehensive monograph everyone working in the field will want to own.' Professor John W. Hutchinson, Harvard University'Freund and Suresh have written a masterpiece on thin film materials that will become a classic reference for this newly developed field. Their book provides an organized and beautifully written exposition of the subject of thin film mechanical behavior. For the first time there is a single starting point for the field. The book brings together materials and mechanics aspects of thin films effortlessly, reflecting the authors' expertise in joining these fields of science and engineering.' Professor William D. Nix, Stanford University'I would heartily recommend this book as an essential read for anyone working in any area of thin film deposition.' Materials World'Thin Film Materials will prove a valuable resource. It contains a wealth of useful references and good indexes. It is richly illustrated, and there are good exercises after each chapter. For a graduate course in the field, it will be hard to beat. And if the authors are right, there will be a growing demand for such courses.' The Times Higher Education SupplementTable of Contents1. Introduction and overview; 2. Film stress and substrate curvature; 3. Stress in anisotropic and patterned films; 4. Delamination and fracture; 5. Film buckling, bulging and peeling; 6. Dislocation formation in epitaxial systems; 7. Dislocation interactions and strain relaxation; 8. Equilibrium and stability of surfaces; 9. The role of stress in mass transport.

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Book SynopsisAimed at graduate students and researchers, this book covers the key aspects of the modern quantum theory of solids, including up-to-date ideas such as quantum fluctuations and strong electron correlations. It presents the main concepts and describes the essential theoretical methods required when working with these systems.Table of Contents1. Some basic notions of the classical and quantum statistical physics; 2. General theory of phase transitions; 3. Bose- and Fermi-statistics; 4. Phonons in crystals; 5. General Bose-systems: Bose-condensation; 6. Magnetism; 7. Electrons in metals; 8. Interacting electrons: Green functions and Feynman diagrams (methods of the field theory in many-particle physics); 9. Electrons with Coulomb interaction; 10. Fermi-liquid theory and its possible generalizations; 11. Instabilities and phase transitions in electronic systems; 12. Strongly correlated electrons; 13. Magnetic impurities in metals, Kondo effect, heavy fermions and mixed valence; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisProviding the first coherent presentation of this rapidly growing field, this book covers a range of methods and their applications. Ideal for graduate students and researchers, it contains pseudo-code and program layout for typical plane wave electronic structure codes, allowing readers to improve and add new features in their code.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: '… a student or newcomer to the field of molecular dynamics will find the approaches discussed in Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics a good place to start … [The book is] written clearly and informed by the state-of-the-art research experiences of the authors themselves. Reading it is a valuable experience akin to spending time in their research groups.' Physics TodayTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Setting the stage: why ab initio molecular dynamics?; Part I. Basic Techniques: 2. Getting started: unifying MD and electronic structure; 3. Implementation: using the plane wave basis set; 4. Atoms with plane waves: accurate pseudopotentials; Part II. Advanced Techniques: 5. Beyond standard ab initio molecular dynamics; 6. Beyond norm-conserving pseudopotentials; 7. Computing properties; 8. Parallel computing; Part III. Applications: 9. From materials to biomolecules; 10. Properties from ab initio simulations; 11. Outlook; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisEmphasizing the use of quantum mechanics to describe actual quantum systems such as atoms and solids, and rich with interesting applications, this book proceeds from solving for the properties of a single particle in potential; to solving for two particles (the helium atom); to addressing many-particle systems.Trade Review"Praises in no way can do full justice to the strength and detail of Mahan's well crafted and superb nutshell book. I found the book fascinating, stimulating and convincing and one can easily observe that the book is bursting with intellectual energy and ambition. I am not a rated scientist but as a student and follower of science and scientific projects since the beginning of my academic career, I have come across several books of topical interest but this time I enjoyed Quantum Mechanics in A Nutshell as a whole for its intelligence and manner of treatment of topics. All said and done, it is a book that can be enjoyed by any science student interested in quantum mechanics."--Uwe C. Tauber, Current Engineering Practice "[A] comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of quantum mechanics."--Nature Physics "This book, in spite of 11 chapters densely written, consists of a quick and very readable presentation of basic principles and an impressive number of applications of quantum mechanics. It can be profitably used in courses for beginning, intermediate and, in some cases, advanced students of physics."--Valter Moretti, Zentralblatt MATHTable of ContentsPreface xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Schrodinger's Equation 2 1.3 Eigenfunctions 4 1.4 Measurement 8 1.5 Representations 8 1.5.1 Schrodinger Representation 9 1.5.2 Heisenberg Representation 10 1.6 Noncommuting Operators 11 Chapter 2: One Dimension 14 2.1 Square Well 14 2.2 Linear Potentials 26 2.3 Harmonic Oscillator 29 2.4 Raising and Lowering Operators 34 2.5 Exponential Potential 39 2.5.1 Bound State 40 2.5.2 Continuum State 42 2.6 Delta-Function Potential 45 2.7 Number of Solutions 48 2.8 Normalization 49 2.8.1 Bound States 49 2.8.2 Box Normalization 50 2.8.3 Delta-Function Normalization 51 2.8.4 The Limit of Infinite Volume 54 2.9 Wave Packets 56 Chapter 3: Approximate Methods 62 3.1 WKBJ 62 3.2 Bound States by WKBJ 68 3.2.1 Harmonic Oscillator 71 3.2.2 Morse Potential 71 3.2.3 Symmetric Ramp 73 3.2.4 Discontinuous Potentials 74 3.3 Electron Tunneling 76 3.4 Variational Theory 77 3.4.1 Half-Space Potential 80 3.4.2 Harmonic Oscillator in One Dimension 82 Chapter 4: Spin and Angular Momentum 87 4.1 Operators, Eigenvalues, and Eigenfunctions 87 4.1.1 Commutation Relations 88 4.1.2 Raising and Lowering Operators 89 4.1.3 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues 90 4.2 Representations 95 4.3 Rigid Rotations 100 4.4 The Addition of Angular Momentum 102 Chapter 5: Two and Three Dimensions 108 5.1 Plane Waves in Three Dimensions 108 5.2 Plane Waves in Two Dimensions 112 5.3 Central Potentials 114 5.3.1 Central Potentials in 3D 114 5.3.2 Central Potential in 2D 118 5.4 Coulomb Potentials 119 5.4.1 Bound States 119 5.4.2 Confluent Hypergeometric Functions 121 5.4.3 Hydrogen Eigenfunctions 121 5.4.4 Continuum States 125 5.5 WKBJ 126 5.5.1 Three Dimensions 126 5.5.2 3D Hydrogen Atom 127 5.5.3 Two Dimensions 128 5.6 Hydrogen-like Atoms 130 5.6.1 Quantum Defect 131 5.6.2 WKBJ Derivation 132 5.6.3 Expectation Values 134 5.7 Variational Theory 134 5.7.1 Hydrogen Atom: n 1 135 5.7.2 Hydrogen Atom: l 1 136 5.7.3 Helium Atom 137 5.8 Free Particles in a Magnetic Field 143 5.8.1 Gauges 143 5.8.2 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues 144 5.8.3 Density of States 146 5.8.4 Quantum Hall Effect 147 5.8.5 Flux Quantization 150 Chapter 6: Matrix Methods and Perturbation Theory 157 6.1 H and H0 157 6.2 Matrix Methods 158 6.2.1 2 x 2 160 6.2.2 Coupled Spins 160 6.2.3 Tight-Binding Model 163 6.3 The Stark Effect 166 6.4 Perturbation Theory 170 6.4.1 General Formulas 170 6.4.2 Harmonic Oscillator in Electric Field 174 6.4.3 Continuum States 176 6.4.4 Green's Function 180 6.5 The Polarizability 181 6.5.1 Quantum Definition 182 6.5.2 Polarizability of Hydrogen 183 6.6 Van der Waals Potential 188 6.7 Spin-Orbit Interaction 194 6.7.1 Spin-Orbit in Atoms 195 6.7.2 Alkali Valence Electron in Electric Field 199 6.8 Bound Particles in Magnetic Fields 202 6.8.1 Magnetic Susceptibility 204 6.8.2 Alkali Atom in Magnetic Field 205 6.8.3 Zeeman Effect 207 6.8.4 Paschen-Back Effect 209 Chapter 7: Time-Dependent Perturbations 213 7.1 Time-Dependent Hamiltonians 213 7.2 Sudden Approximation 215 7.2.1 Shake-up and Shake-off 216 7.2.2 Spin Precession 218 7.3 Adiabatic Approximation 220 7.4 Transition Rates: The Golden Rule 222 7.5 Atomic Excitation by a Charged Particle 226 7.6 Born Approximation to Scattering 231 7.6.1 Cross Section 232 7.6.2 Rutherford Scattering 235 7.6.3 Electron Scattering from Hydrogen 236 7.7 Particle Decay 237 Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Radiation 244 8.1 Quantization of the Field 245 8.1.1 Gauges 246 8.1.2 Lagrangian 250 8.1.3 Hamiltonian 253 8.1.4 Casimir Force 256 8.2 Optical Absorption by a Gas 258 8.2.1 Entangled Photons 268 8.3 Oscillator Strength 269 8.4 Polarizability 273 8.5 Rayleigh and Raman Scattering 278 8.6 Compton Scattering 283 Chapter 9: Many-Particle Systems 288 9.1 Introduction 288 9.2 Fermions and Bosons 289 9.2.1 Two Identical Particles 290 9.3 Exchange Energy 291 9.3.1 Two-Electron Systems 291 9.3.2 Parahelium and Orthohelium 293 9.3.3 Hund's Rules 293 9.4 Many-Electron Systems 295 9.4.1 Evaluating Determinants 295 9.4.2 Ground-State Energy 297 9.4.3 Hartree-Fock Equations 299 9.4.4 Free Electrons 301 9.4.5 Pair Distribution Function 303 9.4.6 Correlation Energy 304 9.4.7 Thomas-Fermi Theory 304 9.4.8 Density Functional Theory 307 9.5 Second Quantization 309 9.5.1 Bosons 309 9.5.2 Fermions 312 9.6 Bose-Einstein Condensation 313 9.6.1 Noninteracting Particles 313 9.6.2 Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order 314 Chapter 10: Scattering Theory 320 10.1 Elastic Scattering 320 10.1.1 Partial Wave Analysis 323 10.1.2 Scattering in Two Dimensions 326 10.1.3 Hard-Sphere Scattering 328 10.1.4 Ramsauer-Townsend Effect 330 10.1.5 Born Approximation 332 10.2 Scattering of Identical Particles 333 10.2.1 Two Free Particles 333 10.2.2 Electron Scattering from Hydrogen 335 10.3 T-Matrices 337 10.4 Distorted Wave Scattering 340 10.5 Scattering from Many Particles 343 10.5.1 Bragg Scattering 343 10.5.2 Scattering by Fluids 344 10.5.3 Strong Scattering 346 10.6 Wave Packets 347 10.6.1 Three Dimensions 347 10.6.2 Scattering by Wave Packets 348 Chapter 11: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 352 11.1 Four-Vectors 352 11.2 Klein-Gordon Equation 354 11.2.1 Derivation 354 11.2.2 Free Particle 354 11.2.3 Currents and Densities 355 11.2.4 Step Potential 356 11.2.5 Nonrelativistic Limit 356 11.2.6 -Mesonic Atoms 357 11.3 Dirac Equation 360 11.3.1 Derivation 361 11.3.2 Current and Charge Density 364 11.3.3 Gamma-Matrices 364 11.3.4 Free-Particle Solutions 366 11.3.5 Spin-Projection Operators 369 11.3.6 Scattering of Dirac Particles 371 11.4 Antiparticles and Negative Energy States 374 11.5 Spin Averages 377 11.6 Nonrelativistic Limit 379 11.6.1 First Approximation 379 11.6.2 Second Approximation 380 11.6.3 Relativistic Corrections for Hydrogenic States 382 11.7 Relativistic Interactions 384 11.7.1 Photon Green's Function 384 11.7.2 Electron Green's Function 387 11.7.3 Boson Exchange 387 11.8 Scattering of Electron and Muon 388 Index 397

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Book SynopsisSuitable for graduate students studying the interaction of optical fields with atoms, this book provides an introduction to the prototypical problems of radiation fields interacting with two- and three- level atomic systems.Trade Review"Berman and Malinovsky's book can be recommended to graduate students and workers transferring from other areas."--D.G.C. Jones, Contemporary Physics "This high-quality, well-written book is a fine addition to the literature of modern optics... The general style is lucid and entirely fitting for a textbook... In all, this is a splendid book and I am confident that it will be widely received with considerable enthusiasm."--David L. Andrews, Optics & Photonics NewsTable of ContentsPreface xv Chapter 1: Preliminaries 1 Chapter 2: Two-Level Quantum Systems 17 Chapter 3: Density Matrix for a Single Atom 56 Chapter 4: Applications of the Density Matrix Formalism 83 Chapter 5: Density Matrix Equations: Atomic Center-of-Mass Motion, Elementary Atom Optics, and Laser Cooling 99 Chapter 6: Maxwell-Bloch Equations 120 Chapter 7: Two-Level Atoms in Two or More Fields: Introduction to Saturation Spectroscopy 136 Chapter 8: Three-Level Atoms: Applications to Nonlinear Spectroscopy-Open Quantum Systems 159 Chapter 9: Three-Level Atoms: Dark States, Adiabatic Following, and Slow Light 184 Chapter 10: Coherent Transients 206 Chapter 11: Atom Optics and Atom Interferometry 242 Chapter 12: The Quantized, Free Radiation Field 280 Chapter 13: Coherence Properties of the Electric Field 312 Chapter 14: Photon Counting and Interferometry 339 Chapter 15: Atom-Quantized Field Interactions 358 Chapter 17: Optical Pumping and Optical Lattices 402 Chapter 18: Sub-Doppler Laser Cooling 422 Chapter 19: Operator Approach to Atom-Field Interactions: Source-Field Equation 453 Chapter 20: Light Scattering 474 Chapter 21: Entanglement and Spin Squeezing 492 References 506 Bibliography 507 Index 509

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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