Condensed matter physics Books

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Book SynopsisFeaturing detailed treatment of all aspects of vortex dynamics, from large scale to microscopic scale, this book draws together all the basic principles into one comprehensive volume. This is ideal for students and researchers seeking to gain a deeper insight into the physical nature and applications of quantum vorticity.Table of Contents1. Hydrodynamics of a one-component classical fluid; 2. Dynamics of a single vortex line; 3. Vortex array in a rotating superfluid: elasticity and macroscopic hydrodynamics; 4. Oscillation of finite vortex arrays. Two-dimensional boundary problems; 5. Vortex oscillations in finite rotating containers. Three-dimensional boundary problems; 6. Vortex dynamics in two-fluid hydrodynamics; 7. Boundary problems in two-fluid hydrodynamics; 8. Mutual friction; 9. Mutual friction and vortex mass in Fermi superfluids; 10. Vortex dynamics and hydrodynamics of a chiral superfluid; 11. Nucleation of vortices; 12. Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory and vortex dynamics in thin films; 13. Vortex dynamics in lattice superfluids; 14. Elements of theory of quantum turbulence; Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a pioneer in the field, this text provides a complete introduction to X-ray microscopy, providing all of the technical background required to use, understand and even develop X-ray microscopes. Starting from the basics of X-ray physics and focusing optics, it goes on to cover imaging theory, tomography, chemical and elemental analysis, lensless imaging, computational methods, instrumentation, radiation damage, and cryomicroscopy, and includes a survey of recent scientific applications. Designed as a ''one-stop'' text, it provides a unified notation, and shows how computational methods in different areas are linked with one another. Including numerous derivations, and illustrated with dozens of examples throughout, this is an essential text for academics and practitioners across engineering, the physical sciences and the life sciences who use X-ray microscopy to analyze their specimens, as well as those taking courses in X-ray microscopy.Trade Review'This magnificent treatise, beautifully printed (in Singapore) by Cambridge University Press, covers the subject methodically in twelve chapters … The tone is relaxed but rigorous, there is no sacrifice of exactitude to readability, though readability is certainly a priority …' P.W. Hawkes, Ultramicroscopy'This text provides an in-depth examination of X-ray microscopy … Though the title suggests the volume focuses on a narrow topic, the fact that almost half the book covers broader physics and microscopy topics makes it potentially relevant to a much wider audience. Readers with the necessary background can take advantage of the mathematical explanations behind the physics. All readers can enjoy the limericks that conclude each chapter.' T. P. Owen Jr., ChoiceTable of Contents1. X-ray microscopes: a short introduction; 2. A bit of history; 3. X-ray physics; 4. Imaging Physics; 5. X-ray focusing optics; 6. X-ray microscope systems; 7. X-ray microscope instrumentation; 8. X-ray tomography; 9. X-ray spectromicroscopy; 10. Coherent imaging; 11. Radiation damage and cryo microscopy; 12. Applications, and future prospects.

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Book SynopsisQuantum annealing is a new-generation tool of information technology, which helps in solving combinatorial optimization problems with high precision, based on the concepts of quantum statistical physics. Detailed discussion on quantum spin glasses and its application in solving combinatorial optimization problems is required for better understanding of quantum annealing concepts. Fulfilling this requirement, the book highlights recent development in quantum spin glasses including Nishimori line, replica method and quantum annealing methods along with the essential principles. Separate chapters on simulated annealing, quantum dynamics and classical spin models are provided for enhanced learning. Important topics including adiabatic quantum computers and quenching dynamics are discussed in detail. This text will be useful for students of quantum computation, quantum information, statistical physics and computer science.Table of ContentsList of tables; List of figures, Preface; 1. Introduction; Part I. Quantum Spin Glass, Annealing and Computation: 2. Classical spin models from ferromagnetic spin systems to spin glasses; 3. Simulated annealing; 4. Quantum spin glass; 5. Quantum dynamics; 6. Quantum annealing; Part II. Additional Notes: 7. Notes on adiabatic quantum computers; 8. Quantum information and quenching dynamics; 9. A brief historical note on the studies of quantum glass, annealing and computation.

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Book SynopsisLearn about the most recent advances in 2D materials with this comprehensive and accessible text. Providing all the necessary materials science and physics background, leading experts discuss the fundamental properties of a wide range of 2D materials, and their potential applications in electronic, optoelectronic and photonic devices. Several important classes of materials are covered, from more established ones such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides, to new and emerging materials such as black phosphorus, silicene, and germanene. Readers will gain an in-depth understanding of the electronic structure and optical, thermal, mechanical, vibrational, spin and plasmonic properties of each material, as well as the different techniques that can be used for their synthesis. Presenting a unified perspective on 2D materials, this is an excellent resource for graduate students, researchers and practitioners working in nanotechnology, nanoelectronics, nanoTrade Review'This book, edited by the top researchers who have been working on atomically thin materials in the past decade, contains the essential contents of our current scientific understanding of this novel form of materials. The authors have compiled comprehensive and contemporary reviews on various topics ranging from fundamental science to engineering applications, providing an excellent textbook for students as well as references for experts in the research field.' Philip Kim, Harvard University, Massachusetts'This edited volume consists of 25 topical chapters contributed by scientists active in the growing field of 2D semiconductors, who summarize the most salient features of these intriguing materials. Contributions are grouped into three parts dedicated to graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and elemental group V layered semiconductors including phosphorene. Covered are the most actively researched topics synthesis, stability, thermal, and electronic properties including transport, optics, optoelectronics and spintronics, phonon structure, and mechanical properties of few-layer systems including heterostructures, as probed by state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical techniques. While emphasis is placed on the rigorous scientific representation of knowledge acquired to date, the contributors also offer a refreshing insight into potential applications of this new class of materials.' David Tomanek, Michigan State University'The field of 2D materials, which started with graphene, now includes dozens of one-atom thick crystals. Many of them demonstrate properties end effects which are equally exciting as those found for the famous ancestor. And, judging from the recent progress, the field will be developing very fast for many years ahead. This book, written by scientists who are the leaders in their fields, is the most comprehensive and up-to-date attempt to review this fast-developing subject. Starting with an in-depth summary on graphene, it moves to other 2D crystals, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorous and others, providing probably the most complete reference on the topic at the moment.' Kostya Novoselov, University of ManchesterTable of Contents1. Graphene: basic properties Mikhail I. Katsnelson and Annalisa Fasolino; 2. Electrical transport in graphene: carrier scattering by impurities and phonons Jian-Hao Chen; 3. Optical properties of graphene Feng Wang and Sufei Shi; 4. Graphene mechanical properties C. DiMarco, R. Li, S. Rastogi, J. Hone and J. W. Kysar; 5. Vibrations in graphene Ado Jorio, Luiz Gustavo Cançado and Leandro M. Malard; 6. Thermal properties of graphene: from physics to applications Alexander A. Balandin; 7. Graphene plasmonics Frank Koppens, Mark B. Lundeberg, Marco Polini, Tony Low and Phaedon Avouris; 8. Electron optics with graphene p-n junctions James R. Williams; 9. Graphene electronics Chen Wang, Xidong Duan and Xiangfeng Duan; 10. Graphene: optoelectronic devices Thomas Mueller and Phaedon Avouris; 11. Graphene spintronics Aron W. Cummings, Sergio O. Valenzuela, Frank Ortmann and Stephan Roche; 12. Graphene-BN heterostructures Lei Wang, James Hone and Cory. R. Dean; 13. Controlled growth of graphene crystals by chemical vapor deposition: from solid metals to liquid metals Dechao Geng and Kian Ping Loh; 14. Electronic properties and strain engineering in semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides Rafael Roldán and Francisco Guinea; 15. Valley-spin physics in 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides Hongyi Yu and Wang Yao; 16. Electrical transport in MoS2, a prototypical semiconducting TMDC Andras Kis; 17. Optical properties of TMD heterostructures Pasqual Rivera, Wang Yao and Xiaodong Xu; 18. TMDs - optoelectronic devices Thomas Mueller; 19. Large area synthesis Yumeng Shi and Lain-Jong Li; 20. Defects in two-dimensional materials Xiaolong Zou and Boris I. Yakobson; 21. Theoretical overview of black phosphorus Tony Low, Andrey Chaves, Wei Ji, Jesse Maassen and Traian Dumitrica; 22. Anisotropic properties of black phosphorus Yuchen Du, Zhe Luo, Han Liu, Xianfan Xu and Peide D. Ye; 23. Optical properties and optoelectronic applications of black phosphorus Andres Castellanos-Gomez and Mo Li; 24. Silicene, germanene and stanene Guy Le Lay, Eric Salomon and Thierry Angot; 25. Predictions of single-layer honeycomb structures from first-principles S. Ciraci and S. Cahangirov.

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Book SynopsisDiscover a rigorous treatment of aerogels processing and techniques for characterization with this easy-to-use reference. Presents the basics of aerogel synthesis and gelation to open porous nanostructures, and the processing of wet gels like ambient and supercritical drying leading to aerogels. Describes their essential properties with their measurement techniques and theoretical models used to analyse relations to their nanostructure. Linking the fundamentals and with practical applications, this is a useful toolkit for advanced undergraduates, and graduate students doing research in material and polymer science, physical chemistry, and chemical and environmental engineering.Trade Review'an essential toolkit for aerogel chemistry encompassing both physics principles and engineering practices, suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. The 14 well-conceived, masterfully executed chapters cover chemical synthesis, density, gels and gelation, morphology, and thermal and mechanical properties. Five useful appendixes offer more-rigorous mathematical treatments of selected topics in polymer physics and thermodynamics. For more than just the fun of it, the authors thoughtfully include preparative recipes for cooking up something of an aerogel storm. Nice! And the book is nicely priced. Highly recommended.' L. W. Fine, Choice ConnectTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Chemical Synthesis of Aerogels from Monomeric Precursors; 3. Chemical Synthesis of Aerogels from Polymeric Precursors; 4. Gelation; 5. Drying of Wet Gels; 6. Morphology of Aerogels; 7. Density – Models and Measures; 8. Specific Surface Area; 9. Pores and Pore Sizes; 10. Diffusion in Aerogels; 11. Permeability for Gases; 12. Thermal Properties; 13. Mechanical Properties of Aerogels; 14. How to Cook Aerogels: Recipes and Procedures.

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Book SynopsisBased on an established course, this comprehensive textbook on advanced quantum condensed matter physics covers one-body, many-body and topological perspectives. Discussing modern topics and containing end-of-chapter exercises throughout, it is ideal for graduate students studying advanced condensed matter physics.Trade Review'… written in a very clear manner so that it can be understood by any student with a basic background in physics … the first part concentrates on basic concepts of solid state physics … such as the band theory and methods for energy-band calculations, phonons and lattice dynamics. The second part of the book is focused on topological phenomena in condensed matter-starting from a historical perspective and ending with modern aspects … such as Dirac materials and Dirac fermions. The largest part of the book deals with many-body physics, and in this context magnetism, superconductivity or Bose-Einstein condensation … useful exercises can be found at the end of each chapter, and a list of references is provided … This book is a very good guide for readers interested in modern aspects of condensed matter and a very good course of solid state physics. Therefore, a respectable physics library must have this book on its shelves.' Daniela Dragoman, Optics and Photonics News'The book is very comprehensive and deals with all areas of quantum condensed matter physics from the viewpoint of theoretical physics … I think that the book is an excellent introduction not only for condensed matter physicists but also for mathematicians who are familiar with quantum condensed matter physics.' Shuji Watanabe, zbMATHTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. One-Electron Theory: 1. Preliminaries; 2. Electrons and band theory: formalism in the one-electron approximation; 3. Electrons and band theory: methods of energy-band calculations; 4. Electrons and band theory: effects of spin-orbit interactions; 5. Linear response and the dielectric function; 6. Phonons and lattice dynamics; 7. Dimensionality, susceptibility and instabilities; Part II. Topological Phases: 8. Topological aspects of condensed matter physics: a historical perspective; 9. Topological preliminaries; 10. Berry-ology; 11. Topological aspects of insulator band structure and early discoveries; 12. Dirac materials and Dirac fermions; Part III. Many-Body Physics: 13. Many-body physics and second quantization; 14. The interacting electron gas; 15. Green functions for many-body systems and Feynman diagrams; 16. Path integrals; 17. Boson systems: Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity; 18. Landau Fermi liquid theory; 19. Non-Fermi liquids, the Luttinger liquid and bosonization; 20. Electron-Phonon interactions; 21. Microscopic theory of conventional superconductivity; 22. Quantum theory of magnetism: exchange coupling mechanisms; 23. Quantum theory of magnetism: magnetic insulator groundstates and spin-wave excitations; 24. Quantum theory of magnetism: itinerant-electron systems and Kondo effect; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisOffering a unified presentation of both metamaterials and metasurfaces, this book builds from basic nanophotonic principles towards cutting-edge original research. This advanced textbook will be invaluable to students and researchers working in the fields of optics and nanophotonics.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Electromagnetic (optical) properties of materials; 3. Metamaterials; 4. Metasurfaces; 5. Photonic crystals; 6. Nanophotonic applications of photonic crystals; 7. Plasmonics; 8. Building blocks for all-optical signal processing: Metatronics; 9. Selected topics of optical sensing; 10. Nanostructures for enhancement of solar cells; 11. Nanostructures for enhancement of thermophotovoltaic systems; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Theory of Quanta has a large area of applicability. Any motion, at the fundamental level, is quantum-mechanical, or includes quantum-mechanical motion. Quantum Mechanics encompasses motion forms from atoms, to atomic nuclei, molecules, chemical binding, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic radiation, and transport phenomena. The book includes such quantum-mechanical theories, both in their standard form and original versions, with emphasis on their physical contents. 1) Ch. 1, The Atom, besides standard subjects, presents a new, original formulation of the Thomas-Fermi theory, which allows the possibility to arrive at new results like giant dipole oscillations in heavy atoms, atom ionization and chemical bonding. 2) Ch. 2, Molecules, puts emphasis on molecular spectra, including a semi-classical treatment of rotation spectra. The Jahn-Teller effect, with its various implications in many other areas, is discussed in detail. 3) Ch.3, The Atomic Nucleus, includes an original treatment of the nuclear dynamics, based on the mean-field idea. In particular, the Weizsacker mass formula is derived, nuclear instabilities are discussed and the statistical approach is presented. 4) Chs. 5-7 include an original presentation of the Electric and Magnetic Fields effects on atoms. The tunneling, both in static and oscillating electric fields, is presented, with application to atomic ionization, as well as the proton emission and the effect of high-intensity electric fields on alpha decay. The new subject of scattering of charges by laser pulses is presented in detail. 5) An interesting, new subject of transitions under change of parameters, including the dynamical Berry phase is given in Ch. 8, Change of Parameters. 6) Ch. 9, Stimulated Magnetic Resonance, presents a new phenomenon of magnetic resonance, generated by stimulated emission. 7) Ch. 10, Quantized Conductance, presents a new, original way of deriving the quanta of conductance in ballistic transport, or in magnetic field. 8) Ch. 11, Coherence, gives an extended account of the coherent interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with polarizable matter, with implication on the superradiance transition and possible new phenomena occurring in water. 9) Ch. 12, Chemical Bonding, is a description of the original theory of chemical bonding, based on the linearized Thomas-Fermi theory, with its basic application to formation of the metallic clusters. 10) Ch. 13, Quantum Theory of Radiation, is an exposition of the Dirac theory of radiation, and the interaction of the radiation with matter, following Fermi's famous article, a subject seldom presented in usual textbooks, in spite of its fundamental relevance. 11) The book ends with a thorough discussion of the place of the Quantum Mechanics in the realm of the Physical Science disciplines, emphasizing the fundamentally new, and very fruitful, quantum-mechanical vision.Table of ContentsIntroductionThe atomMoleculesAtomic NucleusStatic Electric FieldsOscillating Electric FieldsMagnetic FieldChange of ParametersStimulated Magnetic ResonanceQuantized Electrical ConductanceCoherenceChemical CohesionQuantum Theory of RadiationEpilogue: Physics and Quantum MechanicsIndex.

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Book SynopsisMany of the observed electronic properties of condensed matter systems such as clusters of atoms, solids with long or short range order (amorphous and liquid metals) are governed by the local atomic arrangements around the probe site. The topics in this important volume include: Molecules and clusters; Point defects and defect complexes in solids; Hydrogen and positive muons in metals and semiconductors; Disordered solids and liquid metals; Diffusion and clustering in bulk, on surfaces; and other restricted geometry; High temperature superconductors including C60 assembled materials.

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Book SynopsisCondensed Matter Theories Volume 14

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Book SynopsisCondensed matter is one of the most active fields of physics, with a stream of discoveries in areas from superfluidity and magnetism to the optical, electronic and mechanical properties of materials such as semiconductors, polymers and carbon nanotubes. It includes the study of well-characterised solid surfaces, interfaces and nanostructures as well as studies of molecular liquids (molten salts, ionic solutions, liquid metals and semiconductors) and soft matter systems (colloidal suspensions, polymers, surfactants, foams, liquid crystals, membranes, biomolecules etc) including glasses and biological aspects of soft matter. This book presents state-of-the-art research in this exciting field.

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Book SynopsisCondensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter. In particular, it is concerned with the "condensed" phases that appear whenever the number of constituents in a system is extremely large and the interactions between the constituents are strong. The most familiar examples of condensed phases are solids and liquids, which arise from the electromagnetic forces between atoms. This new book discusses topics such as geometric effects and magnetic phases in quantum rings; metal-insulator phenomena in 2D; clusters in strong fields; progress in fabrication techniques; and a colorimetric recognition of cadmium ions using optically nanostructured cage sensors.

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Book SynopsisCondensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter. This book discusses topics such as the field electron emission theory; organic-inorganic hybrid proton exchange membrane electrolytes for medium temperature non-humidified H2/O2 fuel cells; electronic band structure calculations based on empirical psuedopotential formalism; rate-dependent hysteresis in piezoelectric actuators and an itinerant-electron metamagnetic system with two-band Eigenvalue spectrum.

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Book SynopsisUnder the influence of different external stimuli condensed matter reveals its magnificent properties. The electric field, the temperature, the concentration gradients and the light are the basic "forces" responsible for processes such as the electrical, the thermal, the diffusion transport or optical phenomena. The action of the magnetic field brings about the galvanomagnetic or the thermomagnetic effects. New alloy semiconductors and the development of artificial semiconductor heterostructures led to the confinement of carriers in two, one or zero dimensions, opening a new window in condensed matter research. The application of a perpendicular magnetic field upon two-dimensional carriers, led to the discovering of astonishing phenomena, namely, the integer or the fractional quantum Hall effects and inspired radical theoretical interpretations. The reduced symmetry of low dimensional structures enhances decisively the role of the magnetic field orientation, bringing to light novel and unexpected phenomena. In the present book the effect of the application of an in-plane magnetic field upon low dimensional carriers, giving rise to impressive novel phenomena, is presented and discussed. Specifically, whenever a quantum well is subjected to an in-plane or tilted magnetic field, the elegant concept of Landau levels must be modified, because the carriers move under the competing influence of the Lorentz force and the force due to the quantum well confining potential. Under these conditions, the equal-energy surfaces or equivalently, the density of states (DOS), are qualitatively and quantitatively modified. The DOS diverges significantly from the ideal step-like two-dimensional carrier form. The book discusses various physical properties which are affected by the DOS modification.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a semi-quantitative approach to understanding and applications of charge carriers in inorganic and organic opto-electronic and photonic devices. Featuring contributions by noted experts in the field of optoelectronics, materials and photonics, this book describes the importance of charge carriers in the operation of optoelectronic and photonic devices of both inorganic and organic semiconductors. An Introduction to Charge Carriers starts with the concept of charge carriers and their involvement in a few inorganic and organic devices, like solar cells and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), including those based on thermally activated and delayed fluorescence (TADF). Then it discusses the applications of charge carriers in silicon p-n junction, nanomaterials, wurtzite phases of gallium, aluminium and indium nitride devices, ion conducting polymer electrolytes, rare-earth doped glasses, organic photodetectors, and several aspects of organic and perovskite solar cells. This is an ideal book for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students and teaching and research professionals in the field of solid-state physics, material science and engineering.

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Book SynopsisPlasmonics refers to the generation, detection, and manipulation of signals at optical frequencies along metal-dialectric interfaces at the nanometre scale. The four chapters of this book analyse plasmonics and its applications. Chapter One discusses the plasmonic sensor and its use in the detection of brain enzymes. Chapter Two examines the optical constants of plasmonic nanostructures and demonstrates that optical absorption can be used to estimate dielectric constants of noble metal nanostructures. Chapter Three theoretically investigates the magnetoplasmonics of noble metal nanostructures and shows that plasmonic nanostructures have increased magnetic response in visible range at low magnetic fields. Lastly, Chapter Four studies some aspects of classical and quantum optical effects in surface plasmonics.Table of ContentsPreface; Plasmonic Sensor for Detection of Biomolecular and Medical Diagnostics; Optical Constants of Noble Metal Nanostructures; Effect of Magnetic Field on Plasmonics of Metal Nanostructures; Notes on Surface Plasmonics in Electromagnetics and Quantum Optics; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisReviews the field of critical phenomena, including the use of neutron scattering techniques as an aid in their study. This book introduces the principles of magnetic systems and their critical dynamics, outlining the experimental and theoretical methods that have been used to understand the scattering effect.Trade Review'Professor Collins' book is to be welcomed ... will be a useful introduction and summary for postgraduate students working in the field of phase transitions' Professor R.A. Cowley, FRS (Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford), Contemporary Physics, Volume 31, Number 3, May/June 1990Table of ContentsI: THEORY OF CRITICAL PHENOMENA: Introduction to critical phenomena; Ginzburg-Landau theory; Critical exponents; Universality, standard models and solvable models; Scaling; The renormalization group; Critical dynamics; More complex magnetic systems; Dilution, percolation and random fields; II: THE TECHNIQUE OF THERMAL NEUTRON SCATTERING AND ITS APPLICATION TO INVESTIGATE CRITICAL PHENOMENA: Basic properties of thermal neutrons; Correlation function formalism; Bragg scattering; Measurement of critical dynamics; III: MEASUREMENTS OF CRITICAL SCATTERING: Two- and one-dimensional systems; Three-dimensional Ising systems; Other simple systems in three dimensions; Multicritical points; Critical phase transitions in magnetic metals; Critical scattering investigations of dilution, percolation and random-field effects.

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Book SynopsisThis book is aimed at first and second year undergraduates taking a course in solid state physics. It is suitable for physics or engineering students. It does not assume any prior knowledge of quantum theory. It covers all of the standard topics in solid state physics, i.e. crystal structure, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and magnetic properties, metals, semiconductors, dielectrics, superconductors and amorphous solids, and also includes an introductory chapter on chemical bonds and a chapter on polymers. The text is largely non-mathematical, but questions are integrated into the text to encourage readers to tackle the problem-solving aspects of the subject. Worked examples and a complete set of detailed solutions are included. More challenging topics (either mathematically or conceptually more difficult) are treated in optional sections.Trade ReviewI like the way the book starts with bonds between atoms before the obligatory chapter on crystalline solids, followed by an excellent treatment of mechanical properties. The standard topics of solid-state physics are then presented, starting with electronic properties. There is a splendid final chapter on polymers. The style is confident, authoritative and up to date ...Richard Feynman, in evaluating his own attempt to teach quantum mechanics early in a physics course, reckoned he had failed. Has Richard Turton succeeded? I think he has. Andrew Briggs, professor of materials, University of Oxford The Times Higher, 24 November 2000 (Physics and Engineering)Table of Contents1. Bonds between atoms ; 2. Crystals and crystalline solids ; 3. Mechanical properties of solids ; 4. Electrical properties of solids ; 5. Semiconductors ; 6. Semiconductor devices ; 7. Thermal processes ; 8. Magnetic properties ; 9. Superconductivity ; 10. Dielectrics ; 11. Crystallization and amorphous solids ; 12. Polymers ; Further reading ; Appendix A: Introduction to quantum concepts ; Appendix B: Relationship between interatomic force and potential energy ; Solutions to exercises

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Book SynopsisSpin glasses are magnetic materials. Statistical mechanics, a subfield of physics, has been a powerful tool to theoretically analyse various unique properties of spin glasses. A number of new analytical techniques have been developed to establish a theory of spin glasses. Surprisingly, these techniques have turned out to offer new tools and viewpoints for the understanding of information processing problems, including neural networks, error-correcting codes, image restoration, and optimization problems. This book is one of the first publications of the past ten years that provide a broad overview of this interdisciplinary field. Most of the book is written in a self-contained manner, assuming only a general knowledge of statistical mechanics and basic probability theory. It provides the reader with a sound introduction to the field and to the analytical techniques necessary to follow its most recent developments.Trade Review... very enjoyable to read and often opening the reader's eye to new possibilities. This is a perfect introduction to the field for students and researchers who want to study problems in information science, including the use of physics in information processing * Butsuri *Table of Contents1. Mean-field theory of phase transitions ; 2. Mean-field theory of spin glasses ; 3. Replica symmetry breaking ; 4. Gauge theory of spin glasses ; 5. Error-correcting codes ; 6. Image restoration ; 7. Associative memory ; 8. Learning in perceptron ; 9. Optimization problems ; A. Eigenvalues of the Hessian ; B. Parisi equation ; C. Channel coding theorem ; D. Distribution and free energy of K-Sat ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisQuantum information- the subject- is a new and exciting area of science, which brings together physics, information theory, computer science and mathematics. Quantum Information- the book- is based on two successful lecture courses given to advanced undergraduate and beginning postgraduate students in physics. The intention is to introduce readers at this level to the fundamental, but offer rather simple, ideas behind ground-breaking developments including quantum cryptography, teleportation and quantum computing. The text is necessarily rather mathematical in style, but the mathematics nowhere allowed priority over the key physical ideas. My aim throughout was to be as complete and self- contained but to avoid, as far as possible, lengthy and formal mathematical proofs. Each of the eight chapters is followed by about forty exercise problems with which the reader can test their understanding and hone their skills. These will also provide a valuable resource to tutors and lectures.Trade ReviewThis is an excellent introductory book, ideal for a final year UK undergraduate course in QI. It is the best one I have found so far and provides an excellent grounding for more advanced books like Nielsen and Chuang for example * Professor David Toms, Newcastle University *Stephen Barnett's Quantum Information is a concise and remarkably readable account of most of the developments in the field. His book touches on almost all aspects of quantum information and quantum computing, including communication and measurement theory, entanglement, and computing algorithms. An impressive book...The engaging introductory chapters, extensive problem sets, and exhaustive appendices result in a textbook highly recommended for a one-semester course on quantum information at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. * Physics Today *A carefully written book..., well suited as a textbook..., strong on pedagogy..., accomplishes a lot as a very accessible first introduction to quantum information. * American Journal of Physics *...an impressive book. The engaging introductory chapters, extensive problems sets, and exhaustive appendices result in a textbook that I highly recommend for a one-semester course on quantum information at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. * M. Suhail Zubairy, Physics Today *A nice introduction to quantum information. * Mathematical Reviews *Table of Contents1. Probability and Information ; 2. Elements of Quantum Theory ; 3. Quantum Cryptography ; 4. Generalized Measurements ; 5. Entaglement ; 6. Quantum Information processing ; 7. Quantum Computation ; 8. Quantum Information theory

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Book SynopsisCrystal Structure Refinement is a mixture of textbook and tutorial. As A Crystallographers Guide to SHELXL it covers advanced aspects of practical crystal structure refinement, which have not been much addressed by textbooks so far. After an introduction to SHELXL in the first chapter, a brief survey of crystal structure refinement is provided. Chapters three and higher address the various aspects of structure refinement, from the treatment of hydrogen atoms to the assignment of atom types, to disorder, to non-crystallographic symmetry and twinning. One chapter is dedicated to the refinement of macromolecular structures and two short chapters deal with structure validation (one for small molecule structures and one for macromolecules). In each of the chapters the book gives refinement examples, based on the program SHELXL, describing every problem in detail. It comes with a CD-ROM with all files necessary to reproduce the refinements.Trade Review`A key purchase for a wide population of scientists engaged in crystal structure determination...The depth of coverage of important topics such as twinning and disorder will be very valuable to structural scientists, and will provide information and an approach that is not currently available. ' Alexander J. Blake, University of Nottingham`A high quality text. ' David J. Watkin, University of OxfordTable of Contents1. SHELXL ; 2. Crystal Structure Refinement ; 3. Hydrogen Atoms ; 4. Atom Type Assignment ; 5. Disorder ; 6. Pseudo Symmetry ; 7. Twinning ; 8. Artefacts ; 9. Structure Validation ; 10. Protein Refinement with SHELXL ; 11. Protein Structure (Cross) Validation ; 12. General Remarks

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Book SynopsisSince the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in magnetic multilayers in 1988, a new branch of physics and technology, called spin-electronics or spintronics, has emerged, where the flow of electrical charge as well as the flow of electron spin, the so-called spin current, are manipulated and controlled together. Recent progress in the physics of magnetism and the application of spin current has progressed in tandem with the nanofabrication technology of magnets and the engineering of interfaces and thin films. This book is intended to provide an introduction and guide to the new physics and applications of spin current. The emphasis is placed on the interaction between spin and charge currents in magnetic nanostructures.Trade ReviewThis book provides the active researcher a state-of-the-art summary of the physics and applications of spin current. The end-of-chapter references are extremely current and as a result, the contents of this book are likely to be helpful and useful as a guide towards future research. * Andrew Resnick, Contemporary Physics *Table of ContentsPART I: SPIN CURRENT; PART II: SPIN HALL EFFECT; PART III: SPIN-TRANSFER TORQUE

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978-0198847946

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Book SynopsisLiquid crystals are fluids with a directionality defined. Polymers are long molecules with a shape that can be changed. As a network, polymers form rubber - a soft solid that is locally liquid-like and capable of huge extension. Liquid crystal elastomers are a combination of all these curious aspects, but with additional, revolutionary new phenomena - for example, spontaneous shape changes of several hundred percent induced by temperature change, with equally large opto-mechanical responses, shape change without energy cost (soft elasticity), colour change with strain, lasing and photonics, sensitivity to molecular handedness and soft solid ferroelectricity. This book is a primer for liquid crystals, polymers, rubber, and elasticity. It then describes the theory and experiment of these remarkable materials for the first time as a monograph. Worked examples are solved so that the reader can become proficient in the field himself. The book is directed at physicists, chemists, material scTrade ReviewIn short, this book is likely to become a classic: read it, learn from it, and let it inspire you. * Euro Pysics News *Table of Contents1. A bird's eye view of liquid crystal elastomers ; 2. Liquid crystals ; 3. Polymers, elastomers and rubber elasticity ; 4. Classical elasticity ; 5. Nematic elastomers ; 6. Nematic rubber elasticity ; 7. Soft elasticity ; 8. Distortions of nematic elastomers ; 9. Cholesteric elastomers ; 10. Continuum theory of nematic elastomers ; 11. Dynamics of liquid crystal elastomers ; 12. Smectic elastomers ; A. Nematic order in elastomers under strain ; B. Biaxial soft elasticity ; C. Stripe microstructure ; D. Couple-stress and Cosserat elasticity ; E. Expansion at small deformations and rotations

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Book SynopsisAn important task of theoretical quantum physics is the building of idealized mathematical models to describe the properties of quantum matter. This book provides an introduction to the arguably most important method for obtaining exact results for strongly interacting models of quantum matter - the Bethe ansatz. It introduces and discusses the physical concepts and mathematical tools used to construct realistic models for a variety of different fields, including condensed matter physics and quantum optics. The various forms of the Bethe ansatz - algebraic, coordinate, multicomponent, and thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, and Bethe ansatz for finite systems - are then explained in depth and employed to find exact solutions for the physical properties of the integrable forms of strongly interacting quantum systems.The Bethe ansatz is one of the very few methodologies which can calculate physical properties non-perturbatively. Arguably, it is the only such method we have which is exact. This mTable of Contents1: Introduction Part 1 Methods and Models in the Theory of Quantum Matter 2: Quantum Many-Particle Systems and Second Quantization 3: Angular Momentum 4: Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics 5: Phase Transitions, Critical Phenomena, and Finite-Size Scaling 6: Statistical Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory 7: Conformal Symmetry in Statistical Mechanics 8: Models of Strongly Interacting Quantum Matter Part 2 Algebraic Bethe Ansatz 9: Ice Model 10: General Square Lattice Vertex Models 11: Six-Vertex Model 12: Quantum Tavis-Cummings Model Part 3 Coordinate Bethe Ansatz 13: The Anisotropic Heisenberg Quantum Spin Chain 14: Bethe Ansatz for the Anisotropic Heisenberg Quantum Spin Chain 15: Bose Gas in One Dimension: Lieb-Liniger Model Part 4 Electronic Systems: Nested Bethe Ansatz 16: Electronic Systems Part 5 Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz 17: Thermodynamics of the Repulsive Lieb-Liniger Model 18: Thermodynamics of the Isotropic Heisenberg Quantum Spin Chain Part 6 Bethe Ansatz for Finite Systems 19: Mathematical Tools 20: Finite Heisenberg Quantum Spin Chain References Index

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