Condensed matter physics Books

Book SynopsisThis second edition is fully updated, covering in particular new types of coherent states (the so-called Gazeau-Klauder coherent states, nonlinear coherent states, squeezed states, as used now routinely in quantum optics) and various generalizations of wavelets (wavelets on manifolds, curvelets, shearlets, etc.).Table of ContentsCanonical Coherent States.- Positive Operator-Valued Measures and Frames.- Some Group Theory.- Hilbert Spaces.- Square Integrable and Holomorphic Kernels.- Covariant Coherent States.- Coherent States from Square Integrable Representations.- Some Examples and Generalizations.- CS of General Semidirect Product Groups.- CS of Product Groups.- CS Quantizations and Probabilistic Aspects.- Direct Wavelet Transforms.- Multidimensional Wavelets.- Wavelets Related to Other G Groups.- The Discretization Problem - Frames Sampling and All That.

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Book SynopsisVectors.- Function Spaces.- Matrices.- Similarity Transforms and Projections.- Vibrations and Normal Modes.- Kinetics.- Statistical Mechanics.- Quantum Mechanics.- Driven Systems and Fluctuations.- Other Techniques: Perturbation Theory and Direct Products.- to Group Theory.Table of ContentsVectors.- Function Spaces.- Matrices.- Similarity Transforms and Projections.- Vibrations and Normal Modes.- Kinetics.- Statistical Mechanics.- Quantum Mechanics.- Driven Systems and Fluctuations.- Other Techniques: Perturbation Theory and Direct Products.- to Group Theory.

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Book SynopsisPart I: Fundamentals of Electron Theory: Introduction. Wave Properties of Electrons. The Schroedinger Equation. Solution of the Schroedinger Equation for Four Specific Problems. Energy Bands in Crystals. Electrons in a Crystal.- Part II: Electrical Properties of Materials: Electrical Conduction in Metals and Alloys. Semiconductors. Electrical Properties of Polymers, Ceramics, Dielectrics and Amorphous Materials.- Part III: Optical Properties of Materials: The Optical Constants. Atomistic Theory of the Optical Properties. Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Optical Properties. Applications.- Part IV: Magnetic Properties of Materials: Foundations of Magnetism. Magnetic Phenomena and Their Interpretation - Classical Approach. Quantum Mechanical Considerations. Applications.- Part V: Thermal Properties of Materials: Introduction. Fundamentals of Thermal Properties. Heat Capacity. Thermal Conduction. Thermal Expansion.- Appendices.- Index.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the fourth edition:“This is an excellent book for materials and electrical engineers, as well as advanced students. This book is divided into five distinct and self-contained parts, which makes it easier for the reader to find information on a particular area of interest. … contains many applications and problems that help to bridge the gap between physics and engineering. … For practicing engineers, this would be a good reference book. It would also be useful for someone looking to gain an overall concept of device physics.” (Ishtiaque Ahmed, Optics & Photonics News, April, 2012)Table of ContentsPart I: Fundamentals of Electron Theory: Introduction. Wave Properties of Electrons. The Schroedinger Equation. Solution of the Schroedinger Equation for Four Specific Problems. Energy Bands in Crystals. Electrons in a Crystal.- Part II: Electrical Properties of Materials: Electrical Conduction in Metals and Alloys. Semiconductors. Electrical Properties of Polymers, Ceramics, Dielectrics and Amorphous Materials.- Part III: Optical Properties of Materials: The Optical Constants. Atomistic Theory of the Optical Properties. Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Optical Properties. Applications.- Part IV: Magnetic Properties of Materials: Foundations of Magnetism. Magnetic Phenomena and Their Interpretation - Classical Approach. Quantum Mechanical Considerations. Applications.- Part V: Thermal Properties of Materials: Introduction. Fundamentals of Thermal Properties. Heat Capacity. Thermal Conduction. Thermal Expansion.- Appendices.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of The Standard Model and Beyond presents an advanced introduction to the physics and formalism of the standard model and other non-abelian gauge theories. It provides a solid background for understanding supersymmetry, string theory, extra dimensions, dynamical symmetry breaking, and cosmology. In addition to updating all of the experimental and phenomenological results from the first edition, it contains a new chapter on collider physics; expanded discussions of Higgs, neutrino, and dark matter physics; and many new problems.The book first reviews calculational techniques in field theory and the status of quantum electrodynamics. It then focuses on global and local symmetries and the construction of non-abelian gauge theories. The structure and tests of quantum chromodynamics, collider physics, the electroweak interactions and theory, and the physics of neutrino mass and mixing are thoroughly explored. The final chapter discusses the motivaTrade Review"The 2009 first edition of The Standard Model and Beyond provided a long-needed and thorough introductory textbook that focused on the advances in phenomenology that led to the highly successful Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics. Its author, Paul Langacker, is well known not only for his research, but also his communication skills both as a lecturer and writer. However, much has happened over the last seven years, as the Higgs scalar was discovered, thus completing the minimal spectrum of the Standard Model, whilst the field of neutrino physics continued to mature. At the same time, a number of leading speculations regarding ‘new physics’, beyond the Standard Model, failed to be observed, causing a re-examination of some beliefs. This newly updated second edition explores such constraints on ‘new physics’ ideas, in addition to exploring recent discoveries and advances in the field. The text remains lucid, thorough, and well-worth having, and so I strongly recommend it as a resource for students and researchers who wish to understand, and help continue, the legacy of scientific exploration and discovery."—William J. Marciano, Senior Physicist, Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory"This second edition of Professor Paul Langacker’s book on The Standard Model and Beyond includes a brand new chapter on Collider Physics that describes the basic theory for calculations of high-energy particle collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. All graduate students in particle physics should read this book. I found it to be inspirational!"—Vernon Barger, Vilas and J.H. Van Vleck Professor of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison"Paul Langacker, a renowned expert on particle physics, here presents the successful theoretical framework describing the interactions among the fundamental constituents of matter and the pending problems that still need to be solved. Starting from the most basic concepts, the book introduces the different elements of the Standard Model and discusses its most important experimental tests, from the empirical facts which suggested the Lagrangian structure to the most recent LHC data on the Higgs boson. A few representative directions to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model are also reviewed. The book includes a lot of complementary material, with useful appendices, suggested problems, and many references. It is a very comprehensive and valuable summary, which will be of great interest to a broad audience of readers interested in learning about our current understanding of the fundamental laws of nature."—Antonio Pich, IFIC, University of Valencia - CSIC"The Standard Model and Beyond is a fantastic comprehensive compendium of all that young particle physicists must learn, and senior ones must not forget. It can serve both as an introduction to the most advanced topics, and as a prompt look-up reference for explicit results or bibliography. The first part contains a concise refresher on the basics of particle physics, from quantum fields to symmetries and group theory. Both formal and phenomenological topics are covered, and, together with thorough appendices, a large number of useful exercises and common-use results are offered. The Standard Model is covered from a modern perspective, but without neglecting its roots in Fermi theory. This second edition updates the state of the art in precision studies of the electroweak sector, reviewing the implications of the latest measurements of the Higgs boson, the top quark, and heavy flavours. The final part introduces the theoretical and experimental motivations of theories beyond the Standard Model. The formalism, applications, and open challenges in neutrino physics, supersymmetry, and grand unification are covered in detail in the light of the latest experimental results. These sections will enable young researchers to follow the most advanced research directions in particle physics phenomenology, and help them select their own projects. A large set of complementary resources are also available online, including codes for amplitude calculations, solutions to selected exercises, and links to tools and bibliography. This is the physics book to take with you for a sabbatical on a desert island!"—Michelangelo Mangano, CERN, TH Department"This fine book, updating the 2009 edition, has maintained its excellent treatment of a broad spectrum of topics in high energy physics. It will serve both as a definitive reference and as a primary text in a full-year course at the graduate level for students who have already been exposed to quantum field theory. The exercises are plentiful and well-chosen, providing valuable hands-on experience for both beginners and seasoned researchers. Many subjects benefit from the author's first-hand research experience, making the book an especially authoritative source. Results both in and beyond the standard model of particle physics are presented in an engaging and conversational style, with copious text and article references, but the author also provides plentiful explicit calculations. The reader who works through them will be truly empowered by this tour de force of presentation.The ground for discussion of physics beyond the standard model is carefully prepared by presenting the necessary formalism in a manner as independent as possible of specific schemes. Precision physics within the standard modelis highlighted, allowing one to spot key discrepancies. The major development since the First Edition, the discovery of the Higgs boson with properties completely consistent with standard model predictions, has been treatedin detail, with a thorough study of its implications. The choice of subjects beyond the standard model includes an extensive discussion of supersymmetry, a treatment of gauge theories beyond SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1), and schemes of grand unification."—Jonathan L. Rosner, Professor Emeritus of Physics, University of Chicago "The Standard Model and Beyond is an authoritative, comprehensive account of the standard model of particle physics, the quantum field theory that underlies it, and the detailed phenomenology needed to confront it with experiment. It is a stand-alone text and reference that covers all aspects of the field of high energy physics. Its usefulness is enhanced by multiple tables covering topics such as Fierz identities, gamma matrix transformation properties, and many more, that practitioners frequently have to dig in their research notebooks to recall. The second edition has updated all experimental results and their associated phenomenology, and has added a new chapter on collider physics and expanded treatments of currently active topics, including the Higgs boson and dark matter physics. The book references are usefully grouped by topic, and there is an extensive bibliography of articles and an excellent index. Each chapter contains problems, so the book is suitable as a graduate level text in particle physics, as well as an indispensable reference for practicing theoretical and experimental high energy physicists." —Stephen L. Adler, Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton "Langacker’s book is probably the best one available to provide a simultaneously broad and deep survey of the status of the Standard Model of particle physics and efforts to extend it. It covers a remarkable range of topics, and does so technically and reliably. He starts at the beginning, with a solid introduction to field theory and needed formalisms, and includes a thorough treatment of neutrino masses, followed by a good introduction to supersymmetry. He consistently includes relevant experimental information, at a good level of detail. He provides sixty-five pages of references, making this an unusually valuable guide to most topics of interest. The book will be a superb reference guide to workers in the field, as well as a fine way to learn particle physics."—Gordon Kane, Victor Weisskopf Distinguished University Professor of Physics, University of MichiganPraise for the first edition"… Paul Langacker is a pioneer in the field of high-precision tests of the Standard Model. … Langacker’s book is likely to play a pivotal role at this juncture when the plethora of ‘new physics’ and alternative models have emerged while experimental data has become too intricate to be comprehensible even to the experts. … Masterly treatment on the Standard Model by Langacker in Chapter 7, in my opinion, is the heart of the book. … Decades of past experience of the author in the area of precision tests make the writing lucid and transparent. … A thorough study of the book would enable the reader to unravel the intricacies involved in the claims of ‘new physics.’ … Langacker comprehensively demonstrates the spectacular successes of the Standard Model … This book would be of great utility to learn and do high quality particle physics in the age of LHC for both theorists and experimentalists. What about ‘new physics’? As and when this happens, the contents of the book would be helpful to focus on the matter-of-fact physics and interpret the new data. …"—Contemporary Physics, Volume 52, Issue 3, 2011"… This substantial book — at more than 600 pages — gives a detailed and lucid summary of the theoretical foundations of the Standard Model, and possible extensions beyond it. …I heartily recommend it to particle physicists as a great single-volume reference, especially useful to experimentalists. It also provides a firm, graduate-level foundation for theoretical physicists who plan to pursue concepts beyond the Standard Model to a greater depth."—Philip Burrows, John Adams Institute, Oxford University, UK, CERN Courier, June 2010"The textbook by Paul Langacker gives a comprehensive…overview about the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics and beyond…. the full Standard Model including mathematical foundations and current experimental references is fully reviewed. After each chapter, the reader finds quite an extensive set of problems which allows [them] to deepen the previously learned knowledge…The book is clearly not intended to serve theorists in their daily life but rather an experimental physicist to understand the theory behind and perform some simple calculations. However, as a kind of compendium and standard reference it is a worthy tool for everybody in the field."—Wolfgang G. Hollik (Hamburg) in Zentralblatt MATH 1376."The 2009 first edition of The Standard Model and Beyond provided a long-needed and thorough introductory textbook that focused on the advances in phenomenology that led to the highly successful Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics. Its author, Paul Langacker, is well known not only for his research, but also his communication skills both as a lecturer and writer. However, much has happened over the last seven years, as the Higgs scalar was discovered, thus completing the minimal spectrum of the Standard Model, whilst the field of neutrino physics continued to mature. At the same time, a number of leading speculations regarding ‘new physics’, beyond the Standard Model, failed to be observed, causing a re-examination of some beliefs. This newly updated second edition explores such constraints on ‘new physics’ ideas, in addition to exploring recent discoveries and advances in the field. The text remains lucid, thorough, and well-worth having, and so I strongly recommend it as a resource for students and researchers who wish to understand, and help continue, the legacy of scientific exploration and discovery."—William J. Marciano, Senior Physicist, Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory"This second edition of Professor Paul Langacker’s book on The Standard Model and Beyond includes a brand new chapter on Collider Physics that describes the basic theory for calculations of high-energy particle collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. All graduate students in particle physics should read this book. I found it to be inspirational!"—Vernon Barger, Vilas and J.H. Van Vleck Professor of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison"Paul Langacker, a renowned expert on particle physics, here presents the successful theoretical framework describing the interactions among the fundamental constituents of matter and the pending problems that still need to be solved. Starting from the most basic concepts, the book introduces the different elements of the Standard Model and discusses its most important experimental tests, from the empirical facts which suggested the Lagrangian structure to the most recent LHC data on the Higgs boson. A few representative directions to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model are also reviewed. The book includes a lot of complementary material, with useful appendices, suggested problems, and many references. It is a very comprehensive and valuable summary, which will be of great interest to a broad audience of readers interested in learning about our current understanding of the fundamental laws of nature."—Antonio Pich, IFIC, University of Valencia - CSIC"The Standard Model and Beyond is a fantastic comprehensive compendium of all that young particle physicists must learn, and senior ones must not forget. It can serve both as an introduction to the most advanced topics, and as a prompt look-up reference for explicit results or bibliography. The first part contains a concise refresher on the basics of particle physics, from quantum fields to symmetries and group theory. Both formal and phenomenological topics are covered, and, together with thorough appendices, a large number of useful exercises and common-use results are offered. The Standard Model is covered from a modern perspective, but without neglecting its roots in Fermi theory. This second edition updates the state of the art in precision studies of the electroweak sector, reviewing the implications of the latest measurements of the Higgs boson, the top quark, and heavy flavours. The final part introduces the theoretical and experimental motivations of theories beyond the Standard Model. The formalism, applications, and open challenges in neutrino physics, supersymmetry, and grand unification are covered in detail in the light of the latest experimental results. These sections will enable young researchers to follow the most advanced research directions in particle physics phenomenology, and help them select their own projects. A large set of complementary resources are also available online, including codes for amplitude calculations, solutions to selected exercises, and links to tools and bibliography. This is the physics book to take with you for a sabbatical on a desert island!"—Michelangelo Mangano, CERN, TH Department"This fine book, updating the 2009 edition, has maintained its excellent treatment of a broad spectrum of topics in high energy physics. It will serve both as a definitive reference and as a primary text in a full-year course at the graduate level for students who have already been exposed to quantum field theory. The exercises are plentiful and well-chosen, providing valuable hands-on experience for both beginners and seasoned researchers. Many subjects benefit from the author's first-hand research experience, making the book an especially authoritative source. Results both in and beyond the standard model of particle physics are presented in an engaging and conversational style, with copious text and article references, but the author also provides plentiful explicit calculations. The reader who works through them will be truly empowered by this tour de force of presentation.The ground for discussion of physics beyond the standard model is carefully prepared by presenting the necessary formalism in a manner as independent as possible of specific schemes. Precision physics within the standard modelis highlighted, allowing one to spot key discrepancies. The major development since the First Edition, the discovery of the Higgs boson with properties completely consistent with standard model predictions, has been treatedin detail, with a thorough study of its implications. The choice of subjects beyond the standard model includes an extensive discussion of supersymmetry, a treatment of gauge theories beyond SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1), and schemes of grand unification."—Jonathan L. Rosner, Professor Emeritus of Physics, University of Chicago "The Standard Model and Beyond is an authoritative, comprehensive account of the standard model of particle physics, the quantum field theory that underlies it, and the detailed phenomenology needed to confront it with experiment. It is a stand-alone text and reference that covers all aspects of the field of high energy physics. Its usefulness is enhanced by multiple tables covering topics such as Fierz identities, gamma matrix transformation properties, and many more, that practitioners frequently have to dig in their research notebooks to recall. The second edition has updated all experimental results and their associated phenomenology, and has added a new chapter on collider physics and expanded treatments of currently active topics, including the Higgs boson and dark matter physics. The book references are usefully grouped by topic, and there is an extensive bibliography of articles and an excellent index. Each chapter contains problems, so the book is suitable as a graduate level text in particle physics, as well as an indispensable reference for practicing theoretical and experimental high energy physicists." —Stephen L. Adler, Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton "Langacker’s book is probably the best one available to provide a simultaneously broad and deep survey of the status of the Standard Model of particle physics and efforts to extend it. It covers a remarkable range of topics, and does so technically and reliably. He starts at the beginning, with a solid introduction to field theory and needed formalisms, and includes a thorough treatment of neutrino masses, followed by a good introduction to supersymmetry. He consistently includes relevant experimental information, at a good level of detail. He provides sixty-five pages of references, making this an unusually valuable guide to most topics of interest. The book will be a superb reference guide to workers in the field, as well as a fine way to learn particle physics."—Gordon Kane, Victor Weisskopf Distinguished University Professor of Physics, University of MichiganPraise for the first edition"… Paul Langacker is a pioneer in the field of high-precision tests of the Standard Model. … Langacker’s book is likely to play a pivotal role at this juncture when the plethora of ‘new physics’ and alternative models have emerged while experimental data has become too intricate to be comprehensible even to the experts. … Masterly treatment on the Standard Model by Langacker in Chapter 7, in my opinion, is the heart of the book. … Decades of past experience of the author in the area of precision tests make the writing lucid and transparent. … A thorough study of the book would enable the reader to unravel the intricacies involved in the claims of ‘new physics.’ … Langacker comprehensively demonstrates the spectacular successes of the Standard Model … This book would be of great utility to learn and do high quality particle physics in the age of LHC for both theorists and experimentalists. What about ‘new physics’? As and when this happens, the contents of the book would be helpful to focus on the matter-of-fact physics and interpret the new data. …"—Contemporary Physics, Volume 52, Issue 3, 2011"… This substantial book — at more than 600 pages — gives a detailed and lucid summary of the theoretical foundations of the Standard Model, and possible extensions beyond it. …I heartily recommend it to particle physicists as a great single-volume reference, especially useful to experimentalists. It also provides a firm, graduate-level foundation for theoretical physicists who plan to pursue concepts beyond the Standard Model to a greater depth."—Philip Burrows, John Adams Institute, Oxford University, UK, CERN Courier, June 2010Table of ContentsNotation and ConventionsReview of Perturbative Field TheoryLie Groups, Lie Algebras, and SymmetriesGauge TheoriesThe Strong Interactions and QCDCollider PhysicsThe Weak InteractionsThe Standard Electroweak TheoryNeutrino Mass and MixingBeyond the Standard ModelAppendix A: Canonical Commutation RulesAppendix B: Derivation of a Simple Feynman DiagramAppendix C: Unitarity, the Partial Wave Expansion, and the Optical TheoremAppendix D: Two, Three, and nBody Phase SpaceAppendix E: Calculation of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the ElectronAppendix F: BreitWigner ResonancesAppendix G: Implications of P, C, T, and Gparity for Nucleon Matrix ElementsAppendix H: Quantum Mechanical Analogs of Symmetry Breaking

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Book SynopsisThis open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 “Flowing Matter”.Table of Contents1 Basic concepts of Stokes flows with particles; C. I. Trombley and M. L. Ekiel-Je˙zewska 2 Numerical approaches to complex fluids; Francesco Picano and Luca Brandt 3 Active fluids within the unified colored noise approximation; Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi, Claudio Maggi and Alessandro Sarracino 4 Upscaling Flow and Transport Processes; M. Icardi 5 Quadrature-based lattice Boltzmann models for rarefied gas flow; Victor E. Ambrus and Victor Sofonea 6 Some recent developments in particle tracking diagnosis in Turbulence research; Mickael Bourgoin 7 Mesoscopic approach to nematic fluids; Miha Ravnik 8 Correlations and nonequilibrium transitions in flowing colloidal glasses; Peter Schall 9 The Finite Volume Approach to Lattice Boltzmann equation; Kalyan Shrestha and Enrico Calzavarini 10 Diffusion, Attachment and Self-Assembly of Janus Particles at Liquid-Liquid and Air-Liquid Interfaces; Andrei Honciuc

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Book SynopsisThis volume fills the need for a textbook presenting basic governing and constitutive equations, followed by several engineering problems on multiphase flow and transport that are not provided in current advanced texts, monographs, or handbooks. The unique emphasis of this book is on the sound formulation of the basic equations describing multiphase transport and how they can be used to design processes in selected industrially important fields. The clear underlying mathematical and physical bases of the interdisciplinary description of multiphase flow and transport are the main themes, along with advances in the kinetic theory for particle flow systems. The book may be used as an upper-level undergraduate or graduate textbook, as a reference by professionals in the design of processes that deal with a variety of multiphase systems, and by practitioners and experts in multiphase science in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) at U.S. national laboratories, international universities, research laboratories and institutions, and in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and petroleum industries. Distinct from other books on multiphase flow, this volume shows clearly how the basic multiphase equations can be used in the design and scale-up of multiphase processes. The authors represent a combination of nearly two centuries of experience and innovative application of multiphase transport representing hundreds of publications and several books. This book serves to encapsulate the essence of their wisdom and insight, and:Table of ContentsIntroduction to Multiphase Flow Basic Equations.- Multiphase Flow Constitutive Equations and Boundary Conditions.- Phenomena Associated with Multiphase Flow (Gas-Solids and Gas-Liquid Systems).- CO2 Capture.- Synthetic Gas Conversion to Liquid Fuel Using Slurry Bubble-Column Reactors.- Fluidized-Bed Reactor for Polymerization.- Fluidized-Bed Reactors for Solar-Grade Silicon and Silane Production.- Hemodynamics Simulation (Blood Flow).- Multiphase Flow Modeling of Volcanic Eruptions.- Pharmaceutical Processes.- Multiphase Flow Modeling of Wind Turbines at Rainy Condition.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook describes the basic principles and mechanism of action of biosensor systems, and introduces readers to the various types of biosensors; from affinity biosensors to catalytic, optical and label-free biosensors, the most common systems are explained in detail. Dedicated advanced sections focus on biochips and genome sequencing methods as well as organs-on-a-chip. The textbook helps readers to understand the elementary components of biosensors, and to identify and illustrate each function in the biosensor information flow, from recognition to transduction and transmission. Furthermore, readers will receive guidance in critically analyzing published studies on biosensor research, helping them to develop appropriate concepts and independently propose their own solutions. The textbook is intended for master’s students in bioengineering, biophysics, biotechnology and pharmacology that need a solid grasp of biosensor system technologies and applications, as well as students in related medical technological fields.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThe Surface Wettability Effect on Phase Change collects high level contributions from internationally recognised scientists in the field. It thoroughly explores surface wettability, with topics spanning from the physics of phase change, physics of nucleation, mesoscale modeling, analysis of phenomena such drop evaporation, boiling, local heat flux at triple line, Leidenfrost, dropwise condensation, heat transfer enhancement, freezing, icing. All the topics are treated by discussing experimental results, mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. In particular, the numerical methods look at direct numerical simulations in the framework of VOF simulations, phase-field simulations and molecular dynamics. An introduction to equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of phase change, wetting phenomena, liquid interfaces, numerical simulation of wetting phenomena and phase change is offered for readers who are less familiar in the field. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, engineers, and postgraduate students working in the area of thermofluids, thermal management, and surface technology.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Physics of Phase Change.- Wettability and Interfaces.- Evaporation.- Boiling.- Condensation.- Freezing.- Colloidal Transition.- Nanoscale Effects.

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Book SynopsisThe book has been designed as a textbook for graduate and postgraduate students of physics, material science, and engineering. This is the third edition of the textbook, that is updated to reflect recent works in the field. In this edition, some new topics have been introduced while some of the existing topics like phonons, Drude –Lorentz model, Fermi levels, electrons, and holes, etc. are modified. Moreover, the book has complete information on semiconductor devices like tunnel diode, Gunn diode, photodiode, photoconductive diode, varactor diode, solar cell, LED, semiconductor lasers, and semiconductor detectors. All the chapters have been supplemented by solved and unsolved examples. Some of the chapters illustrate areas of current interest in solid-state physics to give the student practical working knowledge of the subject text in a simple and lucid manner. There is a fair amount of detail in the examples and derivations given in the text. Each section of the book has exercises to reinforce the concepts, and problems have been added at the end of each chapter. The detailed coverage and pedagogical tools make this an ideal textbook for students and researchers enrolled in graduate and postgraduate courses of physics, material science, and engineering.Table of ContentsCrystal Structure.- Chemical Bonding in Solids.- Defects in Solids.- Elecments of Quantum Mechanics.- X-Ray Diffraction.- Lattice Vibrations.- Thermal Properties of Solids.- Free Electron Theory of Metals.- Band Theory.- Semiconductors.- Dielectric Properties of Solids.- Magnetic Properties of Matter.- Magnetic Resonance.- Superconductivity.- Nanomaterials.- Optical Properties.- Semiconductor Devices.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a complementary perspective to Schrödinger theory of electrons in an electromagnetic field, one that does not appear in any text on quantum mechanics. The perspective, derived from Schrödinger theory, is that of the individual electron in the sea of electrons via its temporal and stationary-state equations of motion – the ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Second and First Laws. The Laws are in terms of ‘classical’ fields experienced by each electron, the sources of the fields being quantum-mechanical expectation values of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the wave function. Each electron experiences the external field, and internal fields representative of properties of the system, and a field descriptive of its response. The energies are obtained in terms of the fields. The ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Laws lead to physical insights, and new properties of the electronic system are revealed. New mathematical understandings of Schrödinger theory emerge which show the equation to be intrinsically self-consistent. Another complimentary perspective to Schrödinger theory is its manifestation as a local effective potential theory described via Quantal Density Functional theory. This description too is in terms of ‘classical’ fields and quantal sources. The theory provides a rigorous physical explanation of the mapping from the interacting system to the local potential theory equivalent. The complementary perspective to stationary ground state Schrödinger theory founded in the theorems of Hohenberg and Kohn, their extension to the presence of a magnetic field and to the temporal domain – Modern Density Functional Theory -- is also described. The new perspectives are elucidated by application to analytically solvable interacting systems. These solutions and other relevant wave function properties are derived.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Schrödinger Theory of Electrons: A Complementary Perspective.- Generalization of the Schrödinger Theory of Electrons.- Schrödinger-Pauli Theory of Electrons: A Complementary Perspective.

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Book Synopsis1. Graphene - The Material of the Era.- 2. Photocatalytic materials, design concepts and functional mechanistic pathways.- 3. Graphene-Based Composites as Highly-Efficient and Robust Photocatalytic Systems.- 4. Graphene synthesis and characterization techniques for photocatalytic applicants.- 5. Understanding Photocatalytic Mechanism through Spectroscopy Techniques.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1.Introduction.- Chapter 2.Hydrodynamics of Two-dimensional Electronic Systems.- Chapter 3.TETHYS: A Simulation Tool for Graphene Hydrodynamic Models.- Chapter 4.Steady-State Viscous Flow in Dirac Systems.- Chapter 5.Linear Waves and Instabilities.- Chapter 6.Nonlinear Waves.- Chapter 7.Topological Effects on Electrohydrodynamics.- Chapter 8.Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisCapitolo 1. Introduzione.- PARTE I. La materia e la scienza classica.- Capitolo 2. Il retaggio del mondo antico.- Capitolo 3. La materia all'inizio della rivoluzione scientifica.- Capitolo 4. La materia nel XVII secolo.- Capitolo 5. La materia nel XVIII secolo.- Capitolo 6. Materia ed elettricità.- Capitolo 7. Chimica e materia nel XIX secolo.- Capitolo 8. Fisica e materia nel XIX secolo.- PARTE II: Materia e vecchia teoria dei quanti.- Capitolo 9. La comparsa dei quanti.- Capitolo 10. L'atomo di Bohr.- Capitolo 11. Elettroni e atomi.- PARTE III: Materia e meccanica quantistica.- Capitolo 12. Atomi e molecole quantistici.- capitolo 13. Materia allo stato solido. - Capitolo 14. I semiconduttori.- PARTE IV: Nuclei e particelle elementari. - Capitolo 15. Esistenza dei nuclei. - Capitolo 16. La fisica nucleare negli anni 30. - Capitolo 17. Dal muone ai quark.  - Capitolo 18. Il modello standard. Appendice A. Su gas e acqua.- Appendice B. Sulla fisica del XIX secolo.- Appendice C. Sulla vecchia teoria quantistica.- Appendice D. Su materia e  meccanica quantistica.- Indice.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1: Flexible battery as the power solution for flexible electronics.- Chapter 2: Characterization methodology to assess flexible batteries.- Chapter 3: Construction and configuration of flexible batteries.- Chapter 4: Flexible lithium-ion batteries.- Chapter 5: Flexible lithiumsulfur and analogous alkali metalchalcogen batteries.- Chapter 6: Flexible zinc-ion batteries.- Chapter 7: Flexible sodium-ion batteries.- Chapter 8: Flexible metal-air batteries.- Chapter 9: Perspectives and future trends toward multifunctional batteries.

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Book Synopsis1 Fabrication Techniques of Carbonaceous Nanomaterial Based Nanocomposites.- 2 Graphene-Based Nanocomposites.- 3 Carbon Nanotubes-Based Nanocomposites: Materials System, Applications and Processing.- 4 Carbon Nanofiber-Based Nanocomposites.- 5 Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Nanocomposites.- 6 Carbonized Biomass/Polymer Nanofibers for Sustainable Applications.- 7 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Lightweight Composites.- 8 Carbon Nanocomposites for Stealth Technology: Innovations and Perspectives.- 9 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for 3D Printing.- 10 Applications and Implications of Exploring Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Sustainable Cities Development.- 11 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Wearable Electronics.- 12 The Future of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Sustainable Applications.- 13 Challenges and Limitations in the Application of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites.

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Book Synopsis1 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Solar Cells.- 2 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Chemical Batteries.- 3 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors.- 4 The Role of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Energy Harnessing Applications.- 5 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Storage.- 6 Advances in Carbon-Based Nanocomposite for Thermoelectric Applications.- 7 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Water Purification: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Prospects.- 8 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Monitoring.- 9 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Solar Steam Evaporation.- 10 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Air Pollution Control.- 11 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Degradation of Microplastic: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.- 12 Carbon-Based Nano Sensors for the Detection of Pollutants.- 13 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Ecological Surveillance.- 14 Revolutionizing Environmental Remediation Through Carbon-Based Nanocomposites.- 15 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Ecosystem Remediation: The AI Approach.- 16 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Pharmaceutical Contaminants Degradation in Water Sources.- 17 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Photoluminescence Applications.- 18 Variation of H2O2 Concentration and Its Effect on Structural, Optical and Morphological Properties of Graphene Synthesized Using Electrochemical Method.

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Book SynopsisIntroducing the Many-body Problem.- Basic Information.- Mean-field.- Solutions Without Approximations.-  Theories Inspired to Quantum Field Theories.- Occupation Number.-  Perturbation Theory of Many-body Systems.- Goldstone Theorem.- Brueckner Theory.- Green’s Function.- Perturbative Description of the Green’s.- Theories Inspired to Statistical Mechanics.-  Correlated Basis Function Theory.- Unitary Correlation Operator Method.- The Coupled Cluster Method.- Phenomenological Theories.- Effective Theories.- Mean-field Applications of the Variational Principle.- Excited States.- The Fermi Liquid Theory.

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Book SynopsisMechanical responses of solid materials are governed by their material properties. The solutions for estimating and predicting the mechanical responses are extremely difficult, in particular for non-homogeneous materials. Among these, there is a special type of materials whose properties are variable only along one direction, defined as graded materials or functionally graded materials (FGMs). Examples are plant stems and bones. Artificial graded materials are widely used in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, biological engineering, and electronic engineering. This work covers and develops boundary element methods (BEM) to investigate the properties of realistic graded materials. It is a must have for practitioners and researchers in materials science, both academic and in industry. Covers analysis of properties of graded materials. Presents solutions based methods for analysis of fracture mechanics. Presents two types of boundary element methods for layered isotropic materials and transversely isotropic materials. Written by two authors with extensive international experience in academic and private research and engineering.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Fundamentals of elasticity and fracture mechanics Chapter 3 Solutions of three-dimensional layered materials Chapter 4 Solution based boundary element methods of static elasticity Chapter 5 The multi-domain boundary element method for fracture mechanics Chapter 6 Solutions based dual boundary element method for fracture mechanics Chapter 7 Penny-shaped and elliptical cracks in functionally graded solids Chapter 8 Rectangular cracks in layered and functionally graded solids Chapter 9 Fracture mechanics of transversely isotropic bimaterials Chapter 10 Conclusions and remarks

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Book SynopsisThis book is an introductory work on the broad topics included in Materials Science. It encompasses a number of different materials classes and properties with a focus on the structure-property relationships between them. Each class of materials will include and discuss recycling techniques and other green methods of production. Materials Chemistry: For Scientists and Engineers is ideal for all newcomers to the fi eld as well as for those seeking a knowledge of solid state chemistry.

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Book SynopsisHigh temperature superconducting theory drew controversy after the discovery of superconductors at close to room temperatures. However, a consistent microscopic theory of HT superconductivity based on bipolaron mechanism leads to a better understanding of microscopic and macroscopic description. By presenting aspects of superconductivity now joined in a strict theory rather than separate models this work is especially useful for graduate students.

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Book SynopsisThis book emphasises both experimental and theoretical aspects of surface, interface and thin-film physics. As in previous editions the preparation of surfaces and thin films, their atomic and morphological structure, their vibronic and electronic properties as well as fundamentals of adsorption are treated. Because of their importance in modern information technology and nanostructure research, particular emphasis is paid to electronic surface and interface states, semiconductor space charge layers and heterostructures. A special chapter of the book is devoted to collective phenomena at interfaces and in thin films such as superconductivity and magnetism. The latter topic includes the meanwhile important issues giant magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque mechanism, both effects being of high interest in information technology. In this new edition, for the first time, the effect of spin-orbit coupling on surface states is treated. In this context the class of the recently detected topological insulators, materials of significant importance for spin electronics, are discussed. Particular emphasis, hereby, is laid on the new type of topologically protected surface states with well-defined spin orientation. Furthermore, some important well established experimental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS), which were missing so far in earlier editions, were added in this new 6th edition of the book.Table of ContentsSurface and Interface Physics: Its Definition and Importance.- Preparation of Well-Defined Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films.- Morphology and Structure of Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films.- Scattering from Surfaces and Thin Films.- Surface Phonons.- Electronic Surface States.- Space-Charge Layers at Semiconductor Inferfaces.- Metal–Semiconductor Junctions and Semiconductor Heterostructures.- Collective Phenomena at Interfaces:Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism.- Adsorption on Solid Surfaces.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Widerstände und ihre Werkstoffe.- 2 Kondensatoren und Isolierstoffe (dielektrische Werkstoffe).- 3 Spulen, Übertrager und magnetische Werkstoffe.- Anhang. Grundlagen der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und -synthese (A. Vlcek).- 1. Begriffsbestimmungen.- 2. Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und -synthese.- 3. Ermittlung von Zuverlässigkeitsparametern.- Literatur.- 1. Widerstände und ihre Werkstoffe.- 2. Kondensatoren und Isolierstoffe (dielektrische Werkstoffe).- 3. Spulen, Übertrager und magnetische Werkstoffe.- Anhang. Grundlagen der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und -synthese.

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Book SynopsisThis advanced comprehensive textbook introduces the practical application of phase diagrams to the thermodynamics of materials consisting of several phases. It describes the fundamental physics and thermodynamics as well as experimental methods, treating all material classes: metals, glasses, ceramics, polymers, organic materials, aqueous solutions. With many application examples and realistic cases from chemistry and materials science, it is intended for students and researchers in chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, and materials science as well as in engineering and physics. The authors treat the nucleation of phase transitions, the production and stability of technologically important metastable phases, and metallic glasses. Also concisely presented are the thermodynamics and composition of polymer systems. This innovative text puts this powerful analytical approach into a readily understandable and practical context, perhaps for the first time.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews : "This graduate textbook introduces the practical application of phase diagrams for students and researchers in materials science, chemistry, and mineralogy, as well as engineering and physics. Heterogeneous equilibria are illustrated by practical examples in different application fields, while theory is kept to a minimum. An emphasis is placed on providing tools for predicting energetic, structural, and physical quantities." (Materials Today) "Predel and colleagues offer a good resource for students and professionals who wish to learn more about the practical aspects of phase equilibria … . Unlike most other books on the subject, this practical introduction provides detailed, yet remarkably clear, description of physical phenomena … . The descriptions are enhanced with more than 250 phase diagrams, micrographs, and other illustrations involving both real and idealized systems. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals in materials-related fields." (D.D. Edwards, CHOICE, Vol. 42 (10), June, 2005) Table of Contents1 Fundamental Facts and Concepts.- 2 Phase Equilibria in One-Component Systems.- 3 Phase Equilibria in Two-Component Systems Under Exclusion of the Gas Phase.- 4 Phase Equilibria in Three-Component Systems and Four-Component Systems with Exclusion of the Gas Phase.- 5 Phase Equilibria Including a Vapor Phase.- 6 Thermodynamics.- 7 Nucleation During Phase Transitions.- 8 Metastable Phases.- 9 Effect of Diffusion on Phase Transformations.- 10 Organic and Polymeric Materials.

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Book SynopsisIn these lectures we summarize certain results on models in statistical physics and quantum field theory and especially emphasize the deep relation­ ship between these subjects. From a physical point of view, we study phase transitions of realistic systems; from a more mathematical point of view, we describe field theoretical models defined on a euclidean space-time lattice, for which the lattice constant serves as a cutoff. The connection between these two approaches is obtained by identifying partition functions for spin models with discretized functional integrals. After an introduction to critical phenomena, we present methods which prove the existence or nonexistence of phase transitions for the Ising and Heisenberg models in various dimensions. As an example of a solvable system we discuss the two-dimensional Ising model. Topological excitations determine sectors of field theoretical models. In order to illustrate this, we first discuss soliton solutions of completely integrable classical models. Afterwards we dis­ cuss sectors for the external field problem and for the Schwinger model. Then we put gauge models on a lattice, give a survey of some rigorous results and discuss the phase structure of some lattice gauge models. Since great interest has recently been shown in string models, we give a short introduction to both the classical mechanics of strings and the bosonic and fermionic models. The formulation of the continuum limit for lattice systems leads to a discussion of the renormalization group, which we apply to various models.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 1.1 Phase Transitions — Critical Phenomena.- 1.1.1 Historical Survey.- 1.1.2 Gas-Liquid Transition.- 1.1.3 Ferromagnetism.- 1.1.4 Critical Exponents.- 2. Spin Systems.- 2.1 Ising Model — General Results.- 2.1.1 Introduction.- 2.1.2 Ising Model in One Dimension.- 2.1.3 Duality.- 2.1.4 Peierls’ Argument.- 2.1.5 Correlation Inequalities.- 2.2 Heisenberg Model.- 2.2.1 Bogoliubov Inequality.- 2.2.2 Absence of Spontaneous Magnetization for d = 1 and d = 2.- 2.2.3 Existence of a Phase Transition for d Greater than or Equal to Three.- 2.3 ø4-Model.- 2.3.1 Random Walk on a Lattice.- 2.3.2 Polymer Representation.- 2.3.3 Correlation Inequality.- 2.3.4 Continuum Limit.- 2.4 Two-Dimensional Ising Model.- 2.4.1 Transfer Matrix.- 2.4.2 Klein-Jordan-Wigner Transformation.- 2.4.3 Fourier Transformation.- 2.4.4 Bogoliubov Transformation.- 3. Two-Dimensional Field Theory.- 3.1 Solitons.- 3.1.1 Inverse Scattering Formalism.- 3.1.2 Solving Certain Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations.- 3.1.3 A Model for Polyacetylene.- 3.2 Sectors in Field Theoretical Models.- 3.2.1 External Field Problems.- 3.2.2 The Schwinger Model.- 4. Lattice Gauge Models.- 4.1 Formulation.- 4.1.1 Axioms.- 4.1.2 The Rolling Ball.- 4.1.3 Classical Field Theory.- 4.1.4 Formulation of Lattice Gauge Models.- 4.1.5 Fermions on the Lattice.- 4.2 Rigorous Results.- 4.2.1 Faddeev-Popov “Trick” on a Lattice.- 4.2.2 Physical Positivity = Osterwalder-Schrader Positivity.- 4.2.3 Cluster Expansion.- 4.2.4 Confinement.- 4.2.5 Remarks on Numerical Methods.- 4.2.6 Recent Developments.- 5. String Models.- 5.1 Introduction to Strings.- 5.1.1 Classical Mechanics of Strings.- 5.1.2 Quantization of the Bosonic String.- 5.1.3 Fermionic Strings and Superstrings.- 6. Renormalization Group.- 6.1 Formulation.- 6.1.1 Scaling Laws.- 6.1.2 Kadanoff’s Block Spin Method.- 6.1.3 Wilson’s Renormalization Group Ideas.- 6.1.4 Ising Model d = 1.- 6.2 Application of the Renormalization Group Ideas to Special Models.- 6.2.1 Central Limit Theorem.- 6.2.2 Hierarchical Model.- 6.2.3 Two-Dimensional Ising Model.- 6.2.4 Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson Model.- 6.2.5 Feigenbaum’s Route to Chaos.- General References.

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Book SynopsisThe Physics of Polymers presents the elements of this important segment of material science, focusing on concepts above experimental techniques and theoretical methods. Written for graduate students of physics, material science and chemical engineering and for researchers working with polymers in academia and industry, the book introduces and discusses the basic phenomena which lead to the peculiar physical properties of polymeric systems. The revised and expanded Third Edition includes a new chapter dealing with conjugated polymers, explaining the physical basis of the characteristic electro-optic response, and the spectacular electrical conduction properties of conjugated polymers created by doping.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Physicists wanting to learn about the fundamentals of polymers would find the book very interesting and informative." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine From Amazom.com reviews -- "5 Stars surely this book is excellent", January 11, 2005 "For graduate students in polymer science, especially polymer physics, I always have two books to recommend: Polymer Physics by Rubinstein and Colby, and this book by Strobl." "5 Stars A comprehensive polymer physics book!", January 2, 2003 "This is a comprehensive polymer physics book, each chapter is well written with adequate depth of coverage. Most definitely the book one must pick to delve into dynamics, thermodynamics, scattering and crystallization, and get to the level of appreciating the complexity and beauty of current research and understanding in the field of polymer physics. Highly recommended"Table of ContentsConstitution and Architecture of Chains.- Single Chain Conformations.- Polymer Solutions.- Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers.- The Semicrystalline State.- Mechanical and Dielectric Response.- Conjugated Polymers.- Microscopic Dynamics.- Non-Linear Mechanics.- Deformation, Yielding and Fracture.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a unique account of the history of integrated circuit, the microelectronics industry and the people involved in the development of transistor and integrated circuit. In this richly illustrated account the author argues that the group of inventors was much larger than originally thought. This is a personal recollection providing the first comprehensive behind-the-scenes account of the history of the integrated circuit. Trade ReviewFrom pre-publication reviews "Your book is going to make a major contribution to semiconductor history. You and I agree that, while the world loves a hero, semiconductor progress depended on the efforts and ideas of a large number of people, and that moving forward depended on contributors going back a few decades in some cases. Also, as is the case with most inventions, a number of people with access to the same pool of common knowledge were working independently at the same time to put it all together and to make the necessary extensions to the existing technology and who realized that the time was right for society to accept the new concepts. Your diligent research points all this out." Dr. Jay Last, former Shockley Laboratories employee, co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor, co-founder of Amelco Semiconductor, and manager of the Fairchild’s group which design and produced the world first planar integrated circuit "Bo Lojek presents a remarkable document of the most important and significant technical development of our times. He describes in astounding detail the engineering efforts of modern microelectronics. He concentrates on the history of silicon semiconductor devices. California’s "Silicon Valley" is the center of attention, together with its ancestry of transistor invention at Bell Laboratories. He has collected a wealth of illustrative documentation, gives incisive insight into the lives of the main actors and shows the often tragic fates of the engineers and businessmen. He does not hide his firm believe in the individual engineer and warns of the retarding influence of present-day political correctness." Dr. Hans J. Queisser, former Shockley Semiconductor scientist and retired director of the Max-Planck-Institute for Solids, Stuttgart "The technical history of the semiconductor industry rivals the 1849 California Gold Rush as a period filled with excitement and opportunity. Although I cannot first hand validate its complete accuracy, I enthusiastically encourage you to read the collected facts, opinions, and views of an author who was actually part of this amazing period, viewing it as a successful practicing Engineer during this "gold rush" like hay-day of the semiconductor industry.For educators and technologists you will find this collection of data, facts, and opinions, collected and observed first hand by the author, fascinating! It is a tough read for others due to the writing experience of the author and its technical focus." John F. Gifford, former Fairchild Semiconductor Marketing Manager of Linear Integrated Circuits, co-founder of Advanced Micro Devices, and President and Chief Executive Officer of Maxim Integrated Products "Bo Lojek gets it right! There are few industries as dynamic as semiconductors and the history of the semiconductor industry is still unfolding. This book gives history of the people, places and the technology that resulted in today's semiconductor industry. I particularly like the inclusion of many technical pieces in the book." Robert Dobkin, former National Semiconductor Director of Advanced Circuit Development and co-founder and Chief Technical Officer of Linear Technology Corporation "This book contains an enormous amount of important material, much of it obtained by intense individual research by the author. The author's viewpoint leads him to different stories and credits from those generally accepted by the media. This feature may make the book more interesting reading for some. However, its real value is as remarkably detailed account of accomplishments that constitutes semiconductor microelectronics." Dr. Morgan Sparks, Former Bell Laboratories scientist, designer of the world's first junction transistor, and retired president of Sandia LaboratoriesTable of ContentsPrologue.- Research Organization: Bell Telephone Laboratories.- Grown Junction and Diffused Transistors.- Shockley Semiconductor Laboratories.- Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation — Subsidiary of Fairchild Camera and Instrument Company.- Driving the Company Out of Business.- Integrated Circuits outside Fairchild Semiconductor.- Linear Integrated Circuits: Pre-Widlar Era Prior to 1963.- Robert J. Widlar — The Genius, The Legend, The Bohemian.- National Semiconductor — A New Type of Semiconductor Company.- The MOS Transistor.- Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisFor the first time, this book covers the entire field of piezoelectric sensors for mechanical measurands. It gives extensive practical advice along with an overview of the most important piezoelectric materials and their properties, plus consistent terminology for describing sensors. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Piezoelectric Sensorics is the first book written in English to cover the entire field of piezoelectric sensors for mechanical measurands. It provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and describes the characteristics and practical applications for each type of sensor presented. … This book is well written, technically informative and a pleasure to read. It provides extensive practical advice and clear coverage of the theory, making it suitable for students, scientists, technicians and engineers." (Sensor Review, Vol. 22 (4), 2002) "This book covers the entire field of piezoelectric sensors for mechanical measurands. Scientists, engineers and technicians, as well as students in engineering will find in this book for the first time a complete overview of this special type of sensors. Extensive practical advice is given throughout the text allowing the reader to profit from author’s many years of experience. … numerous examples illustrate the vast range of practical applications." (ETDE Energy Database, October, 2002)Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Background of Piezoelectric Sensors.- 3 Piezoelectric Materials for Sensors.- 4 Piezoelectric Sensor Terminology.- 5 Piezoelectric Sensors.- 6 Force and Torque Sensors.- 7 Strain Sensors.- 8 Pressure Sensors.- 9 Acceleration Sensors.- 10 Acoustic Emission Sensors.- 11 Amplifiers for Piezoelectric Sensors.- References.- List of Manufacturers.

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Book SynopsisThis is an approachable introduction to the important topics and recent developments in the field of condensed matter physics. First, the general language of quantum field theory is developed in a way appropriate for dealing with systems having a large number of degrees of freedom. This paves the way for a description of the basic processes in such systems. Applications include various aspects of superfluidity and superconductivity, as well as a detailed description of the fractional quantum Hall liquid.Table of ContentsQuantum Mechanics and Fundamentals of Quantum Field Theory.- Path Integral Quantization.- Broken Symmetry and Phase Transition.- Some Applications - Warming Ups.- Superconductivity.- Quantum Hall Liquids and Chern--Simons Gauge Field.- Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThis edition differs from the second chiefly in the addition of about 100 pages devoted to the quantum (or geometric, or Berry) phase, a subject that did not exist when this book was written. The changes in the remainder of the book consist of corrections of a small number of misprints. While it may seem that adding two chapters on the quantum phase is overemphasizing a currently fashionable subject, they actually complete the development of quantum theory as given in this book. We start with simple models, synthesizing them into complicated "molecules." With the new chap­ ters. we end with complicated "molecules," dividing them into simpler parts. This process of dividing a complex system into parts quite naturally gives rise to a gauge theory, of which the geometric phase is a manifestation - with consequences not only in theory, but observable in experiments. For this rea­ son, the geometric phase is not a mere fashion, but a discovery that will retain its importance forever and must be discussed in textbooks on quantum mechanics. to acknowledge help and advice from Mark Loewe with the I would like writing and also of the new part of the book. In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to J. Anandan, M. Berry, and c.A. Mead, who have read parts or all of the new material and have provided valuable advice.Table of ContentsI Mathematical Preliminaries.- II Foundations of Quantum Mechanics—The Harmonic Oscillator.- III Energy Spectra of Some Molecules.- IV Complete Systems of Commuting Observables.- V Addition of Angular Momenta—The Wigner-Eckart Theorem.- VI Hydrogen Atom—The Quantum-Mechanical Kepler Problem.- VII Alkali Atoms and the Schrödinger Equation of One-Electron Atoms.- VIII Perturbation Theory.- IX Electron Spin.- X Indistinguishable Particles.- XI Two-Electron Systems—The Helium Atom.- XII Time Evolution.- XIII Some Fundamental Properties of Quantum Mechanics.- XIV Transitions in Quantum Physical Systems—Cross Section.- XV Formal Scattering Theory and Other Theoretical Considerations.- XVI Elastic and Inelastic Scattering for Spherically Symmetric Interactions.- XVII Free and Exact Radial Wave Functions.- XVIII Resonance Phenomena.- XIX Time Reversal.- XX Resonances in Multichannel Systems.- XXI The Decay of Unstable Physical Systems.- XXII Quantal Phase Factors and Their Consequences.- XXIII A Quantum Physical System in a Quantum Environment—The Gauge Theory of Molecular Physics.- Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisThe Physics of Polymers presents the elements of this important segment of material science, focusing on concepts above experimental techniques and theoretical methods. Written for graduate students of physics, material science and chemical engineering and for researchers working with polymers in academia and industry, the book introduces and discusses the basic phenomena which lead to the peculiar physical properties of polymeric systems. The revised and expanded Third Edition includes a new chapter dealing with conjugated polymers, explaining the physical basis of the characteristic electro-optic response, and the spectacular electrical conduction properties of conjugated polymers created by doping.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Physicists wanting to learn about the fundamentals of polymers would find the book very interesting and informative." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine From Amazom.com reviews -- "5 Stars surely this book is excellent", January 11, 2005 "For graduate students in polymer science, especially polymer physics, I always have two books to recommend: Polymer Physics by Rubinstein and Colby, and this book by Strobl." "5 Stars A comprehensive polymer physics book!", January 2, 2003 "This is a comprehensive polymer physics book, each chapter is well written with adequate depth of coverage. Most definitely the book one must pick to delve into dynamics, thermodynamics, scattering and crystallization, and get to the level of appreciating the complexity and beauty of current research and understanding in the field of polymer physics. Highly recommended"Table of ContentsConstitution and Architecture of Chains.- Single Chain Conformations.- Polymer Solutions.- Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers.- The Semicrystalline State.- Mechanical and Dielectric Response.- Conjugated Polymers.- Microscopic Dynamics.- Non-Linear Mechanics.- Deformation, Yielding and Fracture.

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Book SynopsisThis concise, class-tested book was refined over the authors’ 30 years as instructors at MIT and the University Federal of Minas Gerais (UFMG) in Brazil. The approach centers on the conviction that teaching group theory along with applications helps students to learn, understand and use it for their own needs. Thus, the theoretical background is confined to introductory chapters. Subsequent chapters develop new theory alongside applications so that students can retain new concepts, build on concepts already learned, and see interrelations between topics. Essential problem sets between chapters aid retention of new material and consolidate material learned in previous chapters.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:"It was developed for a graduate course taught mostly by Millie Dresselhaus at MIT for more than 30 years, with many revisions of lecture notes. Very much a graduate text or specialist monograph, the book covers a wealth of applications across solid-state physics. … The book can be warmly recommended to students and researchers in solid-state physics, either to serve as a text for an advanced lecture course or for individual study … ." (Volker Heine, Physics Today, November, 2008)"This textbook is based on the authors’ pedagogical experience during their 30 years at MIT. … the book develops all of the relevant mathematics (linear algebra) and the necessary physics (quantum mechanics), it is eminently suitable to a wide audience in physics, chemistry and materials science." (Barry R. Masters, Optics and Photonics News, July/August, 2009)“This is an excellent text … . originates from lectures by Charles Kittel and J. H. van Vleck in the 1950s and much of the material was presented in courses by the authors over the last three decades. The material is meant for Electrical Engineering and Physics students at the graduate level … . has exercises at the end of each chapter and an extensive set of appendices. The exposition is clear and detailed. This is a very good book for its target audience.” (W. Miller Jr., Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1175, 2010)“The goal of the book under review is to teach group theory in close connection to applications. … Every chapter of the book finishes with several selected problems. Specific to this book is the feature that every abstract theoretical group concept is introduced and applied in a concrete physical way. This is why the book is very useful for anyone interested in applications of group theory to the wide range of condensed matter phenomena.”­­­ (Oktay K. Pashaev, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2010 i)“It is highly welcomed because of its well-thought structuring and the plenty of non-trivial examples. The authors develop those parts of the theory of groups which are interesting for physicists, from chapter to chapter offering nearly at any step one or more informative application.” (G. Kowol, Monatshefte für Mathematik, Vol. 157 (2), June, 2009)Table of ContentsBasic Mathematics.- Basic Mathematical Background: Introduction.- Representation Theory and Basic Theorems.- Character of a Representation.- Basis Functions.- Introductory Application to Quantum Systems.- Splitting of Atomic Orbitals in a Crystal Potential.- Application to Selection Rules and Direct Products.- Molecular Systems.- Electronic States of Molecules and Directed Valence.- Molecular Vibrations, Infrared, and Raman Activity.- Application to Periodic Lattices.- Space Groups in Real Space.- Space Groups in Reciprocal Space and Representations.- Electron and Phonon Dispersion Relation.- Applications to Lattice Vibrations.- Electronic Energy Levels in a Cubic Crystals.- Energy Band Models Based on Symmetry.- Spin–Orbit Interaction in Solids and Double Groups.- Application of Double Groups to Energy Bands with Spin.- Other Symmetries.- Time Reversal Symmetry.- Permutation Groups and Many-Electron States.- Symmetry Properties of Tensors.

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Book SynopsisThe widespread interest this book has found among professors, scientists and stu­ dents working in a variety of fields has made a new edition necessary. I have used this opportunity to add three new chapters on recent developments. One of the most fascinating fields of modern science is cognitive science which has become a meet­ ing place of many disciplines ranging from mathematics over physics and computer science to psychology. Here, one of the important links between these fields is the concept of information which, however, appears in various disguises, be it as Shan­ non information or as semantic information (or as something still different). So far, meaning seemed to be exorcised from Shannon information, whereas meaning plays a central role in semantic (or as it is sometimes called "pragmatic") information. In the new chapter 13 it will be shown, however, that there is an important interplay between Shannon and semantic information and that, in particular, the latter plays a decisive role in the fixation of Shannon information and, in cognitive processes, al­ lows a drastic reduction of that information. A second, equally fascinating and rapidly developing field for mathematicians, computer scientists and physicists is quantum information and quantum computa­ tion. The inclusion of these topics is a must for any modern treatise dealing with in­ formation. It becomes more and more evident that the abstract concept of informa­ tion is inseparably tied up with its realizations in the physical world.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the third edition: "This enlarged edition of Information and Self-Organization addresses the concept of information in depth: ranging ‘from Shannon information, from which all semantics has been exorcised, to the effects of information on receivers and the self-creation of meaning’—that is, toward semantic information … . Nevertheless, both the qualitative lessons and quantitative analysis presented in the book … very useful for artificial life researchers." (Mikhail Prokopenko, Artificial Life, Vol. 15, 2009)Table of ContentsThe Challenge of Complex Systems.- From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic World ....- ... and Back Again: The Maximum Information Principle (MIP).- An Example from Physics: Thermodynamics.- Application of the Maximum Information Principle to Self-Organizing Systems.- The Maximum Information Principle for Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions: Determination of Order Parameters, Enslaved Modes, and Emerging Patterns.- Information, Information Gain, and Efficiency of Self-Organizing Systems Close to Their Instability Points.- Direct Determination of Lagrange Multipliers.- Unbiased Modeling of Stochastic Processes: How to Guess Path Integrals, Fokker-Planck Equations and Langevin-Îto Equations.- Application to Some Physical Systems.- Transitions Between Behavioral Patterns in Biology. An Example: Hand Movements.- Pattern Recognition. Unbiased Guesses of Processes: Explicit Determination of Lagrange Multipliers.- Information Compression in Cognition: The Interplay between Shannon and Semantic Information.- Quantum Systems.- Quantum Information.- Quantum Computation.- Concluding Remarks and Outlook.

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Book SynopsisThe book is divided into two parts. The first part looks at the modeling of statistical systems before moving on to an analysis of these systems. This second edition contains new material on: estimators based on a probability distribution for the parameters; identification of stochastic models from observations; and statistical tests and classification methods.Table of Contents1 Statistical Physics: Is More than Statistical Mechanics.- I Modeling of Statistical Systems.- 2 Random Variables: Fundamentals of Probability Theory and Statistics.- 3 Random Variables in State Space: Classical Statistical Mechanics of Fluids.- 4 Random Fields: Textures and Classical Statistical Mechanics of Spin Systems.- 5 Time-Dependent Random Variables: Classical Stochastic Processes.- 6 Quantum Random Systems.- 7 Changes of External Conditions.- II Analysis of Statistical Systems.- 8 Estimation of Parameters.- 9 Signal Analysis: Estimation of Spectra.- 10 Estimators Based on a Probability Distribution for the Parameters.- 11 Identification of Stochastic Models from Observations.- 12 Estimating the Parameters of a Hidden Stochastic Model.- 13 Statistical Tests and Classification Methods.- Appendix: Random Number Generation for Simulating Realizations of Random Variables.- Problems.- Hints and Solutions.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book reports on recent investigations of lattice imperfections in semiconductors by means of positron annihilation. It reviews positron techniques, and describes the application of these techniques to various kinds of defects, such as vacancies, impurity vacancy complexes and dislocations. Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Experimental Techniques.- 3 Basics of Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors.- 4 Defect Characterization in Elemental Semiconductors.- 5 Defect Characterization in III–V Compounds.- 6 Defect Characterization in II–VI Compounds.- 7 Defect Characterization in Other Compounds.- 8 Applications of Positron Annihilation in Defect Engineering.- 9 Comparison of Positron Annihilation with Other Defect-Sensitive Techniques.- A1 Semiconductor Data.- A2 Trapping Model Equations.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis is an approachable introduction to the important topics and recent developments in the field of condensed matter physics. First, the general language of quantum field theory is developed in a way appropriate for dealing with systems having a large number of degrees of freedom. This paves the way for a description of the basic processes in such systems. Applications include various aspects of superfluidity and superconductivity, as well as a detailed description of the fractional quantum Hall liquid.Table of ContentsQuantum Mechanics and Fundamentals of Quantum Field Theory.- Path Integral Quantization.- Broken Symmetry and Phase Transition.- Some Applications - Warming Ups.- Superconductivity.- Quantum Hall Liquids and Chern--Simons Gauge Field.- Appendix.

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Book SynopsisMy intent in writing this book is to present an introduction to the thermo- chanical theory required to conduct research and pursue applications of shock physics in solid materials. Emphasis is on the range of moderate compression that can be produced by high-velocity impact or detonation of chemical exp- sives and in which elastoplastic responses are observed and simple equations of state are applicable. In the interest of simplicity, the presentation is restricted to plane waves producing uniaxial deformation. Although applications often - volve complex multidimensional deformation fields it is necessary to begin with the simpler case. This is also the most important case because it is the usual setting of experimental research. The presentation is also restricted to theories of material response that are simple enough to permit illustrative problems to be solved with minimal recourse to numerical analysis. The discussions are set in the context of established continuum-mechanical principles. I have endeavored to define the quantities encountered with some care and to provide equations in several convenient forms and in a way that lends itself to easy reference. Thermodynamic analysis plays an important role in continuum mechanics, and I have included a presentation of aspects of this subject that are particularly relevant to shock physics. The notation adopted is that conventional in expositions of modern continuum mechanics, insofar as possible, and variables are explained as they are encountered. Those experienced in shock physics may find some of the notation unconventional.Table of ContentsMechanical Principles.- Plane Longitudinal Shocks.- Material Response I: Principles.- Material Response II: Inviscid Compressible Fluids.- Material Response III: Elastic Solids.- Material Response IV: Elastic-Plastic and Elastic-Viscoplastic Solids.- Weak Elastic Waves.- Finite-amplitude Elastic Waves.- Elastic-Plastic and Elastic-Viscoplastic Waves.- Porous Solids.- Spall Fracture.- Steady Detonation Waves.

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Book SynopsisSemiconductor power devices are the heart of power electronics. They determine the performance of power converters and allow topologies with high efficiency. Semiconductor properties, pn-junctions and the physical phenomena for understanding power devices are discussed in depth. Working principles of state-of-the-art power diodes, thyristors, MOSFETs and IGBTs are explained in detail, as well as key aspects of semiconductor device production technology. In practice, not only the semiconductor, but also the thermal and mechanical properties of packaging and interconnection technologies are essential to predict device behavior in circuits. Wear and aging mechanisms are identified and reliability analyses principles are developed. Unique information on destructive mechanisms, including typical failure pictures, allows assessment of the ruggedness of power devices. Also parasitic effects, such as device induced electromagnetic interference problems, are addressed. The book concludes with modern power electronic system integration techniques and trends.Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen:“... Das Buch ist eine erweiterte, aktualisierte englische Version des deutschen Buchs der Autoren. Es präsentiert Leistungshalbleiter auf umfassender Weise ... Das Buch prasentiert auch diverse Störungen und Schwingungen, die durch Schaltvorgänge bei Leistungskomponenten verursacht werden. ... Die Lektüre schafft es, fundierte Theorie praxisnah und verständlich zu vermitteln. Ein gründliches, ausgewogenes Buch, das sowohl Energietechnik-Studierenden als auch Leistungselektronik-Entwicklungsingenieuren eine Fülle an wertvollen Informationen und Einsichten bietet.“ (in: Bulletin SEV/VSE, 7/October/2011, Issue 10, S. 68)Table of ContentsPower Semiconductor Devices – Key Components for Efficient Electrical Energy Conversion Systems.- Semiconductor Properties.- pn - Junctions.- Short introduction to power device technology.- pin-Diodes.- Schottky Diodes.- Bipolar Transistors.- Thyristors.- MOS Transistors.- IGBTs.- Packaging and Reliability of Power Devices.- Destructive Mechanisms in Power Devices.- Power Device Induced Oscillations and Electromagnetic Disturbances.- Power Electronic Systems.- Appendix.- Index.

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Book SynopsisX-ray diffraction crystallography for powder samples is a well-established and widely used method. It is applied to materials characterization to reveal the atomic scale structure of various substances in a variety of states. The book deals with fundamental properties of X-rays, geometry analysis of crystals, X-ray scattering and diffraction in polycrystalline samples and its application to the determination of the crystal structure. The reciprocal lattice and integrated diffraction intensity from crystals and symmetry analysis of crystals are explained. To learn the method of X-ray diffraction crystallography well and to be able to cope with the given subject, a certain number of exercises is presented in the book to calculate specific values for typical examples. This is particularly important for beginners in X-ray diffraction crystallography. One aim of this book is to offer guidance to solving the problems of 90 typical substances. For further convenience, 100 supplementary exercises are also provided with solutions. Some essential points with basic equations are summarized in each chapter, together with some relevant physical constants and the atomic scattering factors of the elements.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The authors have developed their course lecture notes into a useful book that is suitable for graduate students of materials science and engineering who use X-ray diffraction techniques. … This book is a very concise presentation of the theory of scattering and diffraction and the determination of crystal structures. … The biggest strength of this book are the solutions that illustrate the quantitative aspects of the subject. The illustrations complement the text and there are many tables of real diffraction data and calculations of structures.” (Barry R. Masters, Optics & Photonics News, April, 2012)Table of ContentsFundamental Properties of X-rays.- Geometry of Crystals.- Scattering and Diffraction by Atoms and Crystals.- Diffraction from a Polycrystalline Sample and its Application to Determination of Crystal Structures.- Reciprocal Lattice and Integrated Intensity from Crystals.- Symmetry Analysis for Crystals and the Use of International Tables.- Solved Problems.

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Book SynopsisThe importance of solid base catalysts has come to be recognized for their environmentally benign qualities, and much significant progress has been made over the past two decades in catalytic materials and solid base-catalyzed reactions. The book is focused on the solid base. Because of the advantages over liquid bases, the use of solid base catalysts in organic synthesis is expanding. Solid bases are easier to dispose than liquid bases, separation and recovery of products, catalysts and solvents are less difficult, and they are non-corrosive. Furthermore, base-catalyzed reactions can be performed without using solvents and even in the gas phase, opening up more possibilities for discovering novel reaction systems. Using numerous examples, the present volume describes the remarkable role solid base catalysis can play, given the ever increasing worldwide importance of "green" chemistry. The reader will obtain an overall view of solid base catalysis and gain insight into the versatility of the reactions to which solid base catalysts can be utilized. The concept and significance of solid base catalysis are discussed, followed by descriptions of various methods for the characterization of solid bases, including spectroscopic methods and test reactions. The preparation and properties of base materials are presented in detail, with the two final chapters devoted to surveying the variety of reactions catalyzed by solid bases.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Characterization of Solid Base Catalysts.- Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Solid Base Catalysts - Metal Oxides.- Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Solid Base Catalysts - Specific Materials for Solid Bases.- Reactions Catalyzed by Solid Bases.- Solid Base Catalysts for Specific Subjects.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, a modern unified theory of dispersion forces on atoms and bodies is presented which covers a broad range of different aspects and scenarios. Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics is applied within the context of dispersion forces. In contrast to the normal-mode quantum electrodynamics traditionally used to study dispersion forces, the new approach allows to consider realistic material properties including absorption and is flexible enough to be applied to a broad range of geometries. Thus general properties of dispersion forces like their non-additivity and the relation between microscopic and macroscopic dispersion forces are discussed. It is demonstrated how the general results can be used to obtain dispersion forces on atoms in the presence of bodies of various shapes and materials. In particular, nontrivial magnetic properties of the bodies, bodies of irregular shapes, the role of material absorption, and dynamical forces for excited atoms are discussed. This volume 2 deals especially with quantum electrodynamics, dispersion forces, Casimir forces, asymptotic power laws, quantum friction and universal scaling laws. The book gives both the specialist and those new to the field a thorough overview over recent results in the context of dispersion forces. It provides a toolbox for studying dispersion forces in various contexts.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Approximating Casimir–Polder potentials.- Common properties of dispersion forces.- Casimir–Polder forces on excited atoms: static theory.- Casimir–Polder forces on excited atoms: dynamical approach.- Casimir–Polder forces in cavity quantum electrodynamics.- Thermal Casimir–Polder forces.- Casimir–Polder forces on moving atoms.

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Book SynopsisWerner Heisenberg is one of the greatest scientists of our century. His work extends over a period of fifty years, ranging from turbulence theory, the establishment of quantum mechanics, its fundamental applications in atomic and solid state physics, to the theory of cosmic ray phenomena and of elementary particles. He recognized early the epistemological significance of the new discoveries. He was able to place the radical changes in the foundation of physics of this century in the historical context of natural philosophy. His thoughts on language as the medium to grasp scientific truth, artistic truth, religious truth, truth in general, reached many auditors and readers, scientists as well as non-scientists. In the 75 years of his life the political and social structure of his home country, of Europe and the world over underwent drastic changes. He grew up in Imperial Germany, made his great contributions to quantum mechanics during the period of the Weimar Republic and was engaged in nuclear physics when the potentates of the Third Reich tried to discredit relativity and quantum theory as "degenerate" science; in World War II he participated in the German effort to develop a nuclear reactor. After the war, he devoted himself mainly to the physics of elementary particles. In addition, he acted in many official capacities: for the promotion of research, the reconstruction of science in the Federal Republic of Germany, and the advancement of international collabora- tion.Table of ContentsBiographical Data — Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976).- Biographical Data — Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976).- Group 1: Hydrodynamic Stability and Turbulence (1922–1948).- Annotation.- Editorial Note.- 1.1 Die absoluten Dimensionen der Kármánschen Wirbelbewegung/ Absolute Dimensions of Kármán’s Vortex Motion.- 1.2 Über Stabilität und Turbulenz von Flüssigkeitsströmen/On the Stability and Turbulence of Fluid Flows.- 1.3 Zur statistischen Theorie der Turbulenz/ On the Statistical Theory of Turbulence.- 1.4 Die Gestalt der Spiralnebel/ The Form of Spiral Nebulae.- 1.5 On the Theory of Statistical and Isotropic Turbulence.- 1.6 Bemerkungen zum Turbulenzproblem/ Remarks on the Problem of Turbulence.- Group 2: On Atomic and Molecular Structure (1922–1925).- Annotation.- 2.1 Zur Quantentheorie der Linienstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte / Quantum Theory of Line Structure and of the Anomalous Zeeman Effects.- 2.2 Eine Bemerkung über relativistische Röntgendubletts und Linienschärfe / A Remark on Relativistic X-Ray Doublets and Line Width.- 2.3 Die Intensität der Mehrfachlinien und ihrer Zeemankomponenten/The Intensity of Line Multiplets and Their Zeeman Components.- 2.4 Über Phasenbeziehungen bei den Bohrschen Modellen von Atomen und Molekeln / Phase Relations in Bohr’s Models of Atoms and Molecules.- 2.5 Die Elektronenbahnen im angeregten Heliumatom/The Electron Orbits in the Excited Helium Atom.- 2.6 Zur Quantentheorie der Molekeln / On the Quantum Theory of Molecules.- 2.7 Über den Einfluß der Deformierbarkeit der Ionen auf optische und chemische Konstanten. I/Influence of Deformability of Ions on Optical and Chemical Constants I.- 2.8 Termstruktur der Multipletts höherer Stufe/Term Structure of the Multiplets of Higher Order.- 2.9 Bemerkung zu einer Arbeit von F. v. Wi?niewski: „Zur Theorie des Heliums“/Remark on a Paper of.- 2.10 Über den Einfluß der Deformierbarkeit der Ionen auf optische und chemische Konstanten. II. Stabilität und Bildungswärme dreiatomiger Molekeln und Ionen/Influence of Deformability of Ions on Optical and Chemical Constants II.- 2.11 Über eine Abanderung der formalen Regeln der Quantentheorie beim Problem der anomalen Zeemaneffekte/Alternation of the Formal Rules of Quantum Theory for the Problem of Anomalous Zeeman Effects.- 2.12 Zur Quantentheorie der Multiplettstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte/Quantum Theory of Multiplet Structure and of the Anomalous Zeeman Effects.- Group 3: Quantum Mechanics (1925–1927).- Annotation.- 3.1 Über eine Anwendung des Korrespondenzprinzips auf die Frage nach der Polarisation des Fluoreszenzlichtes/Application of the Correspondence Principle to the Polarization Problem of Fluorescence Light.- 3.2 Über die Streuung von Strahlung durch Atome/On the Dispersion of Radiation by Atoms.- 3.3 Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen/Quantum Theoretical Re-Interpretation of Kinematic and Mechanical Relations.- 3.4 Zur Quantenmechanik. II/On Quantum Mechanics II.- 3.5 Mehrkörperproblem und Resonanz in der Quantenmechanik/Many-Body Problem and Resonance in Quantum Mechanics.- 3.6 Schwankungserscheinungen und Quantenmechanik/Fluctuation Phenomena and Quantum Mechanics.- 3.7 Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik/The Perceptible Content of the Quantum Theoretical Kinematics and Mechanics.- Group 4: Applications of Quantum Mechanics (1926–1933).- Annotation.- 4.1 Anwendung der Quantenmechanik auf das Problem der anomalen Zeemaneffekte/ Application of Quantum Mechanics to Anomalous Zeeman Effects.- 4.2 Über die Spektra von Atomsystemen mit zwei Elektronen/On the Spectra of Two-Electron Atomic Systems.- 4.3 Mehrkörperprobleme und Resonanz in der Quantenmechanik. II / Many-Body Problems and Resonance in Quantum Mechanics II.- 4.4 Zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus/On the Theory of Ferromagnetism.- 4.5 Zur Theorie der Magnetostriktion und der Magnetisierungskurve/On the Theory of Magnetostriction and of the Magnetization Curve.- 4.6 Notiz zur Arbeit des Herrn N. Tunazima: Zum Ferromagnetismus/Note on a Paper of N. Tunazima: On Ferromagnetism.- 4.7 Zum Paulischen Ausschließungsprinzip/On Pauli’s Exclusion Principle..- 4.8 Über die inkohärente Streuung von Röntgenstrahlen/On Incoherent X-Ray Diffraction.- Bibliographical Citation List.

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Book SynopsisFerromagnetism of metallic systems, especially those including transition metals, has been a controversial subject of modern science for a long time. This controversy sterns from the apparent dual character of the d-electrons responsible for magnetism in transition metals, i.e., they are itinerant elec­ trons described by band theory in their ground state, while at finite tem­ peratures they show various properties that have long been attributed to a system consisting of local magnetic moments. The most familiar example of these properties is the Curie-Weiss law of magnetic susceptibility obeyed by almost all ferromagnets above their Curie temperatures. At first the problem seemed to be centered around whether the d-elec­ trons themselves are localized or itinerant. This question was settled in the 1950s and early 1960s by various experimental investigations, in particular by observations of d-electron Fermi surfaces in ferromagnetic transition metals. These observations are generally consistent with the results of band calculations. Theoretical investigations since then have concentrated on explaining this dual character of d-electron systems, taking account of the effects of electron-electron correlations in the itinerant electron model. The problem in physical terms is to study the spin density fluctuati·ons, which are ne­ glected in the mean-field or one-electron theory, and their influence on the physical properties.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 1.1 Local Magnetic Moment and the Weiss Theory of Ferromagnetism.- 1.2 Magnetic Moments of Atoms.- 1.3 Heisenberg Localized Electron Model.- 1.4 Itinerant Electron Model.- 1.5 Localized vs Itinerant Electron Models.- 1.6 Random-Phase Approximation Theory of Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnets.- 1.7 Local Moments in Metals.- 1.8 Self-Consistent Renormalization Theory of Spin Fluctuations and Weakly Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Metals.- 1.9 Unified Picture of Magnetism.- 1.10 Organization of the Book.- 2. Mean-Field Theory of Itinerant Electron Magnetism.- 2.1 Model Hamiltonians.- 2.2 Ferromagnetism.- 2.3 Antiferromagnetism.- 2.4 Spin-Density Waves.- 2.5 Stability of Various Spin Orderings.- 3. Dynamical Mean-Field Theory of Spin Fluctuations.- 3.1 Stoner Excitations and Spin Waves in Ferromagnetic Metals.- 3.2 General Spin Fluctuations and Dynamical Susceptibilities.- 3.3 Critical Spin Fluctuations.- 3.4 Antiferromagnets.- 3.5 Limitations of the Hartree-Fock-RPA Theory.- 4. Self-Consistent Renormalization (SCR) Theory of Spin Fluctuations.- 4.1 Expressions for the Free Energy of an Interacting Electron System.- 4.2 Paramagnon Theories.- 4.3 SCR Theory of Ferromagnetic Metals.- 4.3.1 Curie Temperature and Magnetic Susceptibility Above TC.- 4.3.2 Analytical Explanation of the New CW Law.- 4.3.3 Magnetization Below TC.- 4.3.4 Rotationally Invariant Treatment.- 4.4 Phenomenological Mode-Mode Coupling Theory.- 4.5 SCR Theory of Antiferro- and Helimagnetic Metals.- 4.6 Physical Origin of the New Curie-Weiss Susceptibility.- 4.6.1 Temperature Variation of the Mean-Square Local Amplitude of Spin Fluctuation.- 4.6.2 Spatial Spin Correlation.- 4.7 Coexistence of and Phase Transitions Between Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism.- 4.8 Quantitative Aspects of the SCR Theory for Weak Itinerant Ferromagnets.- 5. Physical Properties of Weakly and Nearly Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Metals.- 5.1 Properties of Spin Fluctuations.- 5.2 Thermal Expansion.- 5.3 Specific Heat.- 5.4 Nuclear Spin Relaxation.- 5.4.1 Weakly and Nearly Ferromagnetic Metals.- 5.4.2 Weakly and Nearly Antiferromagnetic Metals.- 5.5 Electrical and Thermal Resistivities and Magnetoresistance.- 5.5.1 Weakly and Nearly Ferromagnetic Metals.- 5.5.2 Antiferromagnets.- 5.6 Coupling Between Spin and Charge Density Fluctuations.- 6. Local Magnetic Moments.- 6.1 Local Moments in Insulator Magnets.- 6.2 Metal-Insulator (Mott) Transition.- 6.3 s-d or s-f Exchange Model.- 6.4 Local Moment Formation in Metals.- 6.4.1 Virtual Bound State.- 6.4.2 The Anderson Model.- 6.4.3 The Wolff-Clogston Tight-Binding Model.- 6.5 Physical Properties of a Single Local Moment in Metals.- 6.6 Interaction Between a Pair of Local Moments in Metals.- 6.7 Local Moment Description of Magnetic Transition Metals.- 7. A Unified Theory and Its General Consequences.- 7.1 General Considerations Toward a Unified Theory.- 7.2 A Phenomenological Description of the Unified Theory.- 7.3 General Mechanism for the Curie-Weiss Susceptibility.- 7.3.1 A Mean Mode-Mode Coupling Theory of Magnetic Susceptibility.- 7.3.2 General Expressions for the Curie Temperature and Susceptibility.- 7.3.3 Spin Correlations and Magnetic Susceptibility.- 7.4 Possibility for Systematic Analyses of Experimental Results.- 7.5 Temperature Variation of the Local Amplitude of Spin Fluctuation.- 7.5.1 General Remarks.- 7.5.2 Temperature-Induced Local Moments.- 7.6 Limitations of the Adiabatic Approximation.- 8. Functional Integral Theory.- 8.1 Basic Formalism.- 8.2 Local Moment in Metals.- 8.3 Band Magnetism — A General Formalism.- 8.4 Methods of Calculating the Free Energy Functional.- 8.4.1 A Closed-Form Expression for ? [?, ?].- 8.4.2 Long-Wavelength Approximations.- 8.5 A Unified Description of Magnetism in Narrow-Band Systems.- 8.6 Approximation Methods of Evaluating the Functional Integrals.- 8.6.1 Unified Theory.- 8.6.2 Molecular Field (Single-Site) Approximation.- 8.6.3 Choice of Forms for the Interaction Hamiltonian.- 8.7 Results of Numerical Calculations.- 8.7.1 Ferromagnetic Transition Metals ?-Fe, Co, Ni.- 8.7.2 Antiferromagnetic Transition Metals.- 8.7.3 FeSi, Nearly Ferromagnetic Semiconductor.- 8.7.4 Temperature-Induced Local Moments in CoS2, CoSe2.- 8.7.5 Magnetovolume Effects.- 8.8 Supplementary Discussions on Various Approaches and Physical Pictures.- 8.8.1 The Hartree-Fock Theory for Excited States with Spatially Varying Spin Density.- 8.8.2 Local Band Theory.- 8.8.3 Persistence of Exchange Splitting of the Band Above TC.- 9. Spin Fluctuations in d-Electron Systems.- 9.1 Spin Fluctuations and Neutron-Scattering Measurements.- 9.2 Local Moment Systems.- 9.2.1 Heusler Alloys.- 9.2.2 EuO.- 9.3 Substances Close to the Local Moment Limit.- 9.3.1 MnPt3, FePd3.- 9.3.2 FePt3.- 9.4 Substances Close to the Weakly Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Limits.- 9.4.1 MnSi.- 9.4.2 Cr.- 9.5 Substances in the Intermediate Regime: q-Space Description.- 9.5.1 Fe3Pt.- 9.5.2 CeFe2.- 9.5.3 ?-Mn, ?-(FeMn), ?-Fe.- 9.5.4 ?-Mn.- 9.6 Ferromagnetic Transition Metals Fe, Co, and Ni.- 9.7 Some Systematic Trends in Paramagnetic Scattering.- 10. Toward a Unified Theory of Dynamical Spin Fluctuations.- 10.1 General Considerations.- 10.2 Green’s Function Theory of Dynamical Susceptibilities.- 10.3 Effect of Electron Lifetime on RPA-SCR Spin Fluctuations.- 11. Concluding Remarks.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis book fills a gap between many of the basic solid state physics and materials sciencebooks that are currently available. It is written for a mixed audience of electricalengineering and applied physics students who have some knowledge of elementaryundergraduate quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. This book, based on asuccessful course taught at MIT, is divided pedagogically into three parts: (I) ElectronicStructure, (II) Transport Properties, and (III) Optical Properties. Each topic is explainedin the context of bulk materials and then extended to low-dimensional materials whereapplicable. Problem sets review the content of each chapter to help students to understandthe material described in each of the chapters more deeply and to prepare them to masterthe next chapters.Table of ContentsCrystal Lattices in Real and Reciprocal Space.- Electronic Properties of Solids.- Weak and Tight Binding Approximations for Simple Solid State Models.- Examples of Energy Bands in Solids.- Effective Mass Theory.- Lattice Vibrations.- Basic Transport Phenomena.- Thermal Transport.- Electron and Phonon Scattering.- Magneto-transport Phenomena.- Transport in Low Dimensional Systems.- Two Dimensional Electron Gas, Quantum Wells & Semiconductor Superlattices.- Magneto-Oscillatory and Other Effects Associated with Landau Levels.- The Quantum Hall Effect (QHE).- Review of Fundamental Relations for Optical Phenomena.- Drude Theory–Free Carrier Contribution to the Optical Properties.- Interband Transitions.- Absorption of Light in Solids.- Optical Properties of Solids Over a Wide Frequency Range.- Impurities and Excitons.- Luminescence and Photoconductivity.- Optical Study of Lattice Vibrations.

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Book SynopsisThis graduate textbook provides a unified view of quantum information theory. Clearly explaining the necessary mathematical basis, it merges key topics from both information-theoretic and quantum- mechanical viewpoints and provides lucid explanations of the basic results. Thanks to this unified approach, it makes accessible such advanced topics in quantum communication as quantum teleportation, superdense coding, quantum state transmission (quantum error-correction) and quantum encryption.Since the publication of the preceding book Quantum Information: An Introduction, there have been tremendous strides in the field of quantum information. In particular, the following topics – all of which are addressed here – made seen major advances: quantum state discrimination, quantum channel capacity, bipartite and multipartite entanglement, security analysis on quantum communication, reverse Shannon theorem and uncertainty relation.With regard to the analysis of quantum security, the present book employs an improved method for the evaluation of leaked information and identifies a remarkable relation between quantum security and quantum coherence. Taken together, these two improvements allow a better analysis of quantum state transmission. In addition, various types of the newly discovered uncertainty relation are explained.Presenting a wealth of new developments, the book introduces readers to the latest advances and challenges in quantum information.To aid in understanding, each chapter is accompanied by a set of exercises and solutions.Table of ContentsInvitation to Quantum Information Theory.- History of Quantum Information Theory.- The Structure of this Text.- Mathematical Formulation of Quantum Systems.- Information Quantities and Parameter Estimation in Classical Systems.- Quantum Hypothesis Testing and Discrimination of Quantum States.- Classical-Quantum Channel Coding (Message Transmission).- State Evolution and Trace-Preserving Completely Positive Maps.- Quantum Information Geometry and Quantum Estimation.- Quantum Measurements and State Reduction.- Entanglement and Locality Restrictions.- Analysis of Quantum Communication Protocols.

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