Computer architecture and logic design Books

Book SynopsisTrade ReviewIf you think the tidal wave of digital disruption is over, think again. Kelly and Hamm pull back the curtain on the next great wave of the computing revolution, which will transform how every industry and business operates in the near future. -- David Rogers, author of The Network Is Your Customer: Five Strategies to Thrive in a Digital Age As Watson's win against Jeopardy! champion Ken Jennings showed, IBM's research labs are doing some of the world's most revolutionary research in artificial intelligence and related fields. In this short and very accessible book, the authors outline this work and the wave of 'cognitive computing' that is about the break. -- James Hendler, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute This book will give the careful reader an understanding of the immense possibilities offered by the intelligent collaboration of man and machine; armed with this knowledge, readers can then tackle the difficult but essential task of ensuring that these new cognitive technologies will, in practice, be devoted to bettering our lives. -- Ralph Gomory, Stern School of Business, New York University Technological change, from new materials to smart systems, is accelerating, and the latest advances fuel others. John E. Kelly and Steve Hamm show how these technologies will transform our jobs, our cities-even how we think. -- Stephen Baker, author of Final Jeopardy: Man vs. Machine and the Quest to Know Everything IBM's Watson is one of the most important technological breakthroughs in decades, and this is the go-to book for understanding what this new technology is all about and how it will change your life. -- Tyler Cowen, George Mason University, author of Average Is Over This book is a gem... Highly recommended. CHOICETable of ContentsPreface by John E. Kelly III 1. A New Era of Computing 2. Building Learning Systems 3. Handling Big Data 4. Augmenting Our Senses 5. Designing Data-centric Computers 6. Inventing a New Physics of Computing 7. Imagining the Cognitive City Coda: An Alliance of Human and Machine Notes

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Book SynopsisHow to solve security issues and problems arising in distributed systems. Security is one of the leading concerns in developing dependable distributed systems of today, since the integration of different components in a distributed manner creates new security problems and issues. Service oriented architectures, the Web, grid computing and virtualization form the backbone of today's distributed systems. A lens to security issues in distributed systems is best provided via deeper exploration of security concerns and solutions in these technologies. Distributed Systems Security provides a holistic insight into current security issues, processes, and solutions, and maps out future directions in the context of today's distributed systems. This insight is elucidated by modeling of modern day distributed systems using a four-tier logical model host layer, infrastructure layer, application layer, and service layer (bottom to top). The authors provide an in-depth coverTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Distributed Systems. 1.3 Distributed Systems Security. 1.4 About the Book. Chapter 2: Security Engineering. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Secure Development Life Cycle Processes – An Overview. 2.3 A Typical Security Engineering Process. 2.4 Important Security Engineering Guidelines and Resources. 2.5 Conclusion. Chapter 3. Common Security Issues and Technologies. 3.1 Security Issues. 3.2 Common Security Techniques. 3.3 Summary. Chapter 4 – Host level Threats and Vulnerabilities. 4.1 Background. 4.2 Malware. 4.3 Eavesdropping. 4.4 Job faults. 4.5 Resource starvation. 4.6 Overflow. 4.7 Privilege escalation. 4.8 Injection attacks. 4.9 Conclusion. Chapter 5 – Infrastructure Level Threats & Vulnerabilities. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Network Level Threats and Vulnerabilities. 5.3 Grid Computing Threats and Vulnerabilities. 5.4 Storage Threats and Vulnerabilities. Chapter 6: Application Level Vulnerabilities and Attacks. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Application Layer Vulnerabilities. 6.3 Conclusion. Chapter 7 – Service Level Issues, Threats and Vulnerabilities. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 SOA and Role of Standards. 7.3 Service Level Security Requirements. 7.4 Service Level Threats and Vulnerabilities. 7.5 Service Level Attacks. 7.6 Services Threat Profile. 7.7 Conclusions. Chapter 8: Host level Solutions. 8.1 Background. 8.2 Sandboxing. 8.3 Virtualization. 8.4 Resource Management 8.5 Proof carrying code. 8.6 Memory firewall 8.7 Anti malware. 8.8 Conclusions. Chapter 9 – Infrastructure Level Solutions 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Network Level Solutions. 9.3 Grid Level Solutions. 9.4 Storage Level Solutions. Chapter 10: Application Level Solutions. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Application Level Security Solutions. 10.3 Conclusion. Chapter 11 – Service Level Solutions. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Services Security Policy. 11.3 SOA Security standards stack. 11.4 Standards in Depth. 11.5 Deployment Architectures for SOA Security. 11.6 Managing Service Level Threats. 11.7 Service Threat Solution Mapping. 11.8 XML Firewall Configuration-Threat Mapping. 11.9 Conclusions. Chapter 12 - Case Study – Compliance in Financial Services. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 SOX compliance. 12.3 SOX Security Solutions. 12.4 Multi-level policy driven solution architecture. 12.5 Conclusions. Chapter 13 – Case Study of Grid. 13.1 Background. 13.2 Financial Application. 13.3 Security Requirements Analysis. 13.4 Final Security Architecture. Chapter 14: Future directions and Conclusions. 14.1 Future directions. 14.2 Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThis book fills a gap between high-level overview texts that are often too general and low-level detail oriented technical handbooks that lose sight the big picture.This book discusses SOA from the low-level perspective of middleware, various XML-based technologies, and basic service design.It also examines broader implications of SOA, particularly where it intersects with business process management and process modeling.Concrete overviews will be provided of the methodologies in those fields, so that students will have a hands-on grasp of how they may be used in the context of SOA.Table of ContentsList of Figures xv Acknowledgements xxiii 1. Introduction 1 References / 6 2. Middleware 7 2.1 Enterprise Information Systems / 7 2.2 Communication / 12 2.3 System and Failure Models / 21 2.4 Remote Procedure Call / 34 2.5 Message-Oriented Middleware / 42 2.6 Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) / 46 2.7 Cloud Computing / 52 2.8 Naming and Discovery / 55 2.9 Further Reading / 56 References / 57 3. Data Modeling 59 3.1 Entities and Relationships / 60 3.1.1 Concepts and Entities / 60 3.1.2 Attributes and Relationships / 61 3.1.3 Properties of Relationship Types / 65 3.1.4 Special Relationship Types / 69 3.2 XML Schemas / 74 3.3 Defining New Types / 79 3.3.1 Defining Simple Types / 79 3.3.2 Defining Complex Types / 82 3.4 Derived Types / 85 3.4.1 Derived Simple Types / 86 3.4.2 Derived Complex Types / 87 3.5 Document Hierarchies / 94 3.6 Relationship Types in XML Schemas / 98 3.7 Metaschemas and Metamodels / 100 3.8 Further Reading / 102 References / 102 4. Data Processing 104 4.1 Processing XML Data / 104 4.1.1 Tree Processing / 105 4.1.2 Schema Binding / 109 4.1.3 Stream Processing / 114 4.1.4 External Processing / 119 4.2 Query Languages and XQuery / 122 4.3 XML Databases / 134 4.3.1 Storage as Relational Tables / 135 4.3.2 Storage as Large Strings / 137 4.3.3 Native XML Storage / 137 4.4 Web Services / 138 4.4.1 SOAP: (not so) Simple Object Access Protocol / 139 4.4.2 WSDL: Web Services Description Language / 145 4.4.3 Web Service Policy / 155 4.5 Presentation Layer: JSON and JQUERY / 159 References / 166 5. Domain-Driven Architecture 167 5.1 Software Architecture / 167 5.2 Domain-Driven Design / 168 5.3 Application Frameworks / 175 5.4 Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) / 180 5.5 An Example API for Persistent Domain Objects / 188 5.6 Domain-Driven Architecture / 197 5.7 Further Reading / 205 References / 205 6. Service-Oriented Architecture 207 6.1 Services and Procedures / 207 6.2 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) / 211 6.3 Service Design Principles / 216 6.4 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Governance / 218 6.5 Standardized Service Contract / 221 6.5.1 Operations Contract / 222 6.5.2 Data Contract / 223 6.5.3 Policy Contract / 224 6.5.4 Binding Contract / 226 6.5.5 Contract Versioning / 231 6.6 Service Loose Coupling / 237 6.6.1 Motivation for Loose Coupling / 237 6.6.2 Contract Development / 239 6.6.3 Loose Coupling Patterns / 242 6.6.4 Cost of Loose Coupling / 246 6.7 Service Abstraction / 248 6.7.1 Platform Abstraction / 248 6.7.2 Protocol Abstraction / 249 6.7.3 Procedural Abstraction / 261 6.7.4 State Abstraction / 264 6.7.5 Data Abstraction / 269 6.7.6 Endpoint Abstraction / 278 6.8 Service Reusability / 278 6.8.1 Parameterization and Bounded Polymorphism / 279 6.8.2 Subtyping, Inheritance, and Contracts / 284 6.8.3 Does Service-Oriented Architecture Require Subtyping? / 289 6.8.4 Patterns for Service Reusability / 292 6.9 Service Autonomy / 299 6.9.1 Replicating Computation / 300 6.9.2 Replicating State / 303 6.9.3 Sources of Errors and Rejuvenation / 308 6.9.4 Caching / 313 6.10 Service Statelessness / 323 6.10.1 Contexts and Dependency Injection / 331 6.11 Service Discoverability / 336 6.11.1 Global Discovery / 336 6.11.2 Local Discovery / 337 6.11.3 Layered Naming / 347 6.12 Further Patterns / 351 6.13 Further Reading / 352 References / 352 7. Resource-Oriented Architecture 359 7.1 Representational State Transfer / 359 7.2 RESTful Web Services / 369 7.3 Resource-Oriented Architecture (ROA) / 379 7.4 Interface Description Languages / 387 7.4.1 Web Services Description Language (WSDL) / 387 7.4.2 Web Application Description Language (WADL) / 390 7.5 An Example Application Program Interface (API) for Resource-Oriented Web Services / 396 7.6 Hypermedia Control and Contract Conformance / 406 7.7 Concluding Remarks / 412 7.8 Further Reading / 414 References / 414 Appendix A: Introduction to Haskell 416 A.1 Types and Functions / 416 A.2 Type Classes and Functors / 425 A.3 Monads / 431 A.4 Further Reading / 436 References / 436 Appendix B: Time in Distributed Systems 437 B.1 What Time Is It? / 437 B.2 Time and Causality / 443 B.3 Applications of Logical and Vector Time / 450 B.3.1 Mutual Exclusion / 450 B.3.2 Quorum Consensus / 451 B.3.3 Distributed Logging / 456 B.3.4 Causal Message Delivery / 458 B.3.5 Distributed Snapshots / 463 B.4 Virtual Time / 468 B.5 Further Reading / 470 References / 470 Index 473

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Book SynopsisThe first volume of the POSA pattern series introduced a broad-spectrum of general-purpose patterns in software design and architecture. The second narrowed the focus to fundamental patterns for building sophisticated concurrent and networked software systems and applications.Table of ContentsForeword by Frank Buschmann. Foreword by Steve Vinoski. About This Book. About The Authors. Intended Audience. Structure of the Book. Guide to the Reader. Acknowledgements. About The Authors. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Overview of Resource Management. 1.2 Scope of Resource Management. 1.3 Usage of Patterns. 1.4 Patterns in Resource Management. 1.5 Related Work. 1.6 Pattern Form. 2. Resource Acquisition. Lookup. Lazy Acquisition. Eager Acquisition. Partial Acquisition. 3. Resource Lifecycle. Caching. Pooling. Coordinator. Resource Lifecycle Manager. 4. Resource Release. Leasing. Evictor. 5. Guidelines for Applying Resource Management. 6. Case Study: Ad Hoc Networking. 6.1 Overview. 6.2 Motivation. 6.3 Solution. 7. Case Study: Mobile Network. 7.1 Overview. 7.2 Motivation. 7.3 Solution. 8. The Past, Present, and Future of Patterns. 8.1 The Past Four Years at a Glance. 8.2 Where Patterns are Now. 8.3 Where Will Patterns Go Tomorrow? 8.4 A Brief Note about the Future of Patterns. 9. Concluding Remarks. Referenced Patterns. Notations. References. Acknowledgements. Index of Patterns. Index.

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Book SynopsisBased on real--world problems and systems and illustrated with "war stories," this practical nuts--and--bolts guide to architectural solutions describes step--by--step how to design robustness and flexibility into a system. A running case study illustrates the evolution and iteration of the system as it grows in functionality and capability.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. An All-Too-Common Story. Introduction. Part 1 Architecture, Patterns and Internet Technology. System Architecture. Internet Technology Systems. Architectural Patterns for Internet Technology Systems. The GlobalTech System. Part 2 The Patterns. Fundamental Patterns. System Performance Patterns. System Control Patterns. System Evolution Patterns. Part 3 Application of the Patterns. GlobalTech Revisited. Appplying the Patterns. Moving on from Here. Appendix Reference Patterns. Bibliography. Glossary.

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Book SynopsisLow power circuit design is a rapidly-growing field of research driven by the popularity of portable computers and the introduction of multimedia systems that rely on portable hardware.Trade Review"This is a highly recommended book for all academic engineering libraries." (E-Streams, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2001)Table of ContentsLow-Power CMOS VLSI Design. Physics of Power Dissipation in CMOS FET Devices. Power Estimation. Synthesis for Low Power. Design and Test of Low-Voltage CMOS Circuits. Low-Power Static Ram Architectures. Low-Energy Computing Using Energy Recovery Techniques. Software Design for Low Power. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an introductory text on structural analysis and structural design. While the emphasis is on fundamental concepts, the ideas are reinforced through a combination of limited versatile classical techniques and numerical methods. Structural analysis and structural design including optimal design are strongly linked through design examples.Table of ContentsDeterminate Structural Systems. Structural Design Fundamentals. Computation of Deflections. Indeterminate Structural Systems. Matrix-Based Numerical Methods of Structural Analysis. Computer-Based Structural Analysis. Optimum Structural Design. Design of Steel and Concrete Structures. Bibliography. Answers to Selected Problems. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisA cutting-edge guide to the theory and practice of high-speed digital system design An understanding of high-speed interconnect phenomena is essential for digital designers who must deal with the challenges posed by the ever-increasing operating speeds of today''s microprocessors. This book provides a much-needed, practical guide to the state of the art of modern digital system design, combining easily accessible explanations with immensely useful problem-solving strategies. Written by three leading Intel engineers, High-Speed Digital System Design clarifies difficult and often neglected topics involving the effects of high frequencies on digital buses and presents a variety of proven techniques and application examples. Extensive appendices, formulas, modeling techniques as well as hundreds of figures are also provided. Coverage includes: * A thorough introduction to the digital aspects of basic transmission line theory * Crosstalk and nonideal transmissTrade Review"...an excellent guidebook for interconnect design...this very valuable work is highly recommended for design engineers and recent graduates struggling to transition from theory to real-world design." (Choice, Vol. 38, No. 8, April 2001) "This is an excellent book for anyone who has basic circuit theory knowledge.... It is a recommended book for all academic engineering libraries and would, also, be useful for the practicing engineer." (E-Streams, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. The Importance of Interconnect Design. 1.1 The Basics. 1.2 The Past and the Future. 2. Ideal Transmission Line Fundamentals. 2.1 Transmission Line Structures on a PCB or MCM. 2.2 Wave Propagation. 2.3 Transmission Line Parameters. 2.3.1 Characteristic Impedance. 2.3.2 Propagation Velocity, Time, and Distance. 2.3.3 Equivalent Circuit Models for SPICE Simulation. 2.4 Launching Initial Wave and Transmission Line Reflections. 2.4.1 Initial Wave. 2.4.2 Multiple Reflections. 2.4.3 Effect of Rise Time on Reflections. 2.4.4 Reflections From Reactive Loads. 2.4.5 Termination Schemes to Eliminate Reflections. 2.5 Additional Examples. 2.5.1 Problem. 2.5.2 Goals. 2.5.3 Calculating the Cross-Sectional Geometry of the PCB. 2.5.4 Calculating the Propagation Delay. 2.5.5 Determining the Wave Shape Seen at the Receiver. 2.5.6 Creating an Equivalent Circuit. 3. Crosstalk. 3.1 Mutual Inductance and Mutual Capacitance. 3.2 Inductance and Capacitance Matrix. 3.3 Field Simulators. 3.4 Crosstalk-Induced Noise. 3.5 Simulating Crosstalk Using Equivalent Circuit Models. 3.6 Crosstalk-Induced Flight Time and Signal Integrity Variations. 3.6.1 Effect of Switching Patterns on Transmission Line Performance. 3.6.2 Simulating Traces in a Multiconductor System Using a Single-Line Equivalent Model. 3.7 Crosstalk Trends. 3.8 Termination of Odd- and Even-Mode Transmission Line Pairs. 3.8.1 Pi Termination Network. 3.8.2 T Termination Network. 3.9 Minimization of Crosstalk. 3.10 Additional Examples. 3.10.1 Problem. 3.10.2 Goals. 3.10.3 Determining the Maximum Crosstalk-Induced Impedance and Velocity Swing. 3.10.4 Determining if Crosstalk Will Induce False Triggers. 4. Nonideal Interconnect Issues. 4.1 Transmission Line Losses. 4.1.1 Conductor DC Losses. 4.1.2 Dielectric DC Losses. 4.1.3 Skin Effect. 4.1.4 Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Losses. 4.2 Variations in the Dielectric Constant. 4.3 Serpentine Traces. 4.4 Intersymbol Interference. 4.5 Effects of 90 Bends. 4.6 Effect of Topology. 5. Connectors, Packages, and Vias. 5.1 Vias. 5.2 Connectors. 5.2.1 Series Inductance. 5.2.2 Shunt Capacitance. 5.2.3 Connector Crosstalk. 5.2.4 Effects of Inductively Coupled Connector Pin Fields. 5.2.5 EMI. 5.2.6 Connector Design Guidelines. 5.3 Chip Packages. 5.3.1 Common Types of Packages. 5.3.2 Creating a Package Model. 5.3.3 Effects of a Package. 5.3.4 Optimal Pin-Outs. 6. Nonideal Return Paths, Simultaneous Switching Noise, and Power Delivery. 6.1 Nonideal Current Return Paths. 6.1.1 Path of Least Inductance. 6.1.2 Signals Traversing a Ground Gap. 6.1.3 Signals That Change Reference Planes. 6.1.4 Signals Referenced to a Power or a Ground Plane. 6.1.5 Other Nonideal Return Path Scenarios. 6.1.6 Differential Signals. 6.2 Local Power Delivery Networks. 6.2.1 Determining the Local Decoupling Requirements for High-Speed I/O. 6.2.2 System-Level Power Delivery. 6.2.3 Choosing a Decoupling Capacitor. 6.2.4 Frequency Response of a Power Delivery System. 6.3 SSO/SSN. 6.3.1 Minimizing SSN. 7. Buffer Modeling. 7.1 Types of Models. 7.2 Basic CMOS Output Buffer. 7.2.1 Basic Operation. 7.2.2 Linear Modeling of the CMOS Buffer. 7.2.3 Behavioral Modeling of the Basic CMOS Buffer. 7.3 Output Buffers That Operate in the Saturation Region. 7.4 Conclusions. 8. Digital Timing Analysis. 8.1 Common-Clock Timing. 8.1.1 Common-Clock Timing Equations. 8.2 Source Synchronous Timing. 8.2.1 Source Synchronous Timing Equations. 8.2.2 Deriving Source Synchronous Timing Equations from an Eye Diagram. 8.2.3 Alternative Source Synchronous Schemes. 8.3 Alternative Bus Signaling Techniques. 8.3.1 Incident Clocking. 8.3.2 Embedded Clock. 9. Design Methodologies. 9.1 Timings. 9.1.1 Worst-Case Timing Spreadsheet. 9.1.2 Statistical Spreadsheets. 9.2 Timing Metrics, Signal Quality Metrics, and Test Loads. 9.2.1 Voltage Reference Uncertainty. 9.2.2 Simulation Reference Loads. 9.2.3 Flight Time. 9.2.4 Flight-Time Skew. 9.2.5 Signal Integrity. 9.3 Design Optimization. 9.3.1 Paper Analysis. 9.3.2 Routing Study. 9.4 Sensitivity Analysis. 9.4.1 Initial Trend and Significance Analysis. 9.4.2 Ordered Parameter Sweeps. 9.4.3 Phase 1 Solution Space. 9.4.4 Phase 2 Solution Space. 9.4.5 Phase 3 Solution Space. 9.5 Design Guidelines. 9.6 Extraction. 9.7 General Rules of Thumb to Follow When Designing a System. 10. Radiated Emissions Compliance and System Noise Minimization. 10.1 FCC Radiated Emission Specifications. 10.2 Physical Mechanisms of Radiation. 10.2.1 Differential-Mode Radiation. 10.2.2 Common-Mode Radiation. 10.2.3 Wave Impedance. 10.3 Decoupling and Choking. 10.3.1 High-Frequency Decoupling at the System Level. 10.3.2 Choking Cables and Localized Power and Ground Planes. 10.3.3 Low-Frequency Decoupling and Ground Isolation. 10.4 Additional PCB Design Criteria, Package Considerations, and Pin-Outs. 10.4.1 Placement of High-Speed Components and Traces. 10.4.2 Crosstalk. 10.4.3 Pin Assignments and Package Choice. 10.5 Enclosure (Chassis) Considerations. 10.5.1 Shielding Basics. 10.5.2 Apertures. 10.5.3 Resonances. 10.6 Spread Spectrum Clocking. 11. High-Speed Measurement Techniques. 11.1 Digital Oscilloscopes. 11.1.1 Bandwidth. 11.1.2 Sampling. 11.1.3 Other Effects. 11.1.4 Statistics. 11.2 Time-Domain Reflectometry. 11.2.1 TDR Theory. 11.2.2 Measurement Factors. 11.3 TDR Accuracy. 11.3.1 Launch Parasitics. 11.3.2 Probe Types. 11.3.3 Reflections. 11.3.4 Interface Transmission Loss. 11.3.5 Cable Loss. 11.3.6 Amplitude Offset Error. 11.4 Impedance Measurement. 11.4.1 Accurate Characterization of Impedance. 11.4.2 Measurement Region in TDR Impedance Profile. 11.5 Odd- and Even-Mode Impedance. 11.6 Crosstalk Noise. 11.7 Propagation Velocity. 11.7.1 Length Difference Method. 11.7.2 Y-Intercept Method. 11.7.3 TDT Method. 11.8 Vector Network Analyzer. 11.8.1 Introduction to S Parameters. 11.8.2 Equipment. 11.8.3 One-Port Measurements (ZO,L,C). 11.8.4 Two-Port Measurements (Td, Attenuation, Crosstalk). 11.8.5 Calibration. 11.8.6 Calibration for One-Port Measurements. 11.8.7 Calibration for Two-Port Measurements. 11.8.8 Calibration Verification. Appendix A: Alternative Characteristic Impedance Formulas. A.1 Microstrip. A.2 Symmetric Stripline. A.3 Offset Stripline. Appendix B: GTL Current-Mode Analysis. B.1 Basic GTL Operation. B.2 GTL Transitions When a Middle Agent Is Driving. B.3 GTL Transitions When an End Agent With a Termination Is Driving. B.4 Transitions When There is a Pull-Up at the Middle Agent. Appendix C: Frequency-Domain Components in a Digital Signal. Appendix D: Useful S-Parameter Conversions. D.1 ABCD, Z, and Y Parameters. D.2 Normalizing the S Matrix to a Different Characteristic Impedance. D.3 Derivation of the Formulas Used to Extract the Mutual Inductance and Capacitance from a Short Structure Using S21 Measurements. D.4 Derivation of the Formula to Extract Skin Effect Resistance from a Transmission Line. Appendix E: Definition of the Decibel. Appendix F: FCC Emission Limits. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisPerformance of Computer Communication Systems A Model-Based Approach Boudewijn R. Haverkort Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany Computer communication systems and distributed systems are now able to provide an increasing range of services. As the timing requirements in the operation of these services are becoming crucial for the global community. performance assessment and selection of communication and distributed systems are, therefore, becoming more important. In this book, the author illustrates the techniques and methods used to evaluate the performance of computer communication systems, thereby covering all aspects of model-based performance evaluation. Unlike other books on this topic, there is no restriction to a particular performance evaluation technique. Notable features in this book include: * coverage of all major techniques of performance evaluation * non-mathematical problem solving approach, explaining and illustrating performance evaluaTrade Review"All the major techniques and methods used to evaluate the performance...of computer communications systems are in this book." (Aslib Book Guide, Vol. 64, No. 3, March 1999)Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: PERFORMANCE MODELLING WITH STOCHASTIC PROCESSES. Little's Law and the MM1 Queue. SINGLE-SERVER QUEUEING MODELS. MG1-FCFS Queueing Models. MG1 Queueing Models with Various Scheduling Disciplines. PHPH1 Queueing Models. Polling Models. QUEUEING NETWORK MODELS. Closed Queueing Networks. BCMP Queueing Networks. STOCHASTIC PETRI NET MODELS. Stochastic Petri Net Applications. Infinite-State SPNs. SIMULATION. Simulation: Methodology and Statistics. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book explains, in lay terms, the surprisingly simple system of mathematical logic used in digital computer circuitry. Anecdotal in its style and often funny, it follows the development of this logic system from its origins in Victorian England to its rediscovery in this century as the foundation of all modern computing machinery. ONES AND ZEROS will be enjoyed by anyone who has a general interest in science and technology.Table of ContentsBefore We Begin. Number Systems and Counting. The Basic Functions of Boolean Algebra: And, Or, And Not. Combinational Logic. The Algebra of Sets and Venn Diagrams. Other Boolean Functions. Realizing Any Boolean Function with And, Or, And Not. More Digital Circuits. Laws of Boolean Algebra. Boolean Logic. Appendix A: Counting in Base 2. Appendix B: Powers of 2. Appendix C: Summary of Boolean Functions. Further Reading. Answers to Exercises. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the design of next generation microprocessors in deep submicron CMOS technologies. The chapters in Design of High Performance Microprocessor Circuits were written by some of the world's leading technologists, designers, and researchers.Table of ContentsPreface. OVERVIEW. Impact of Physical Technology on Architecture (John H. Edmondson). TECHNOLOGY ISSUES. CMOS Scaling and Issues in SUB-0.25µm Systems (Yuan Taur). Techniques for Leakage Power Reduction (Vivek De, Yibin Ye, et al.). Low-Voltage Technologies (Tadahiro Kuroda and Takayasu Sakurai). SOI Technology and Circuits (Ghavam G. Shahidi, Fari Assaderaghi and Dimitri Antoniadis). Models of Process Variations in Device and Interconnect (Duane Boning and Sani Nassif). CIRCUIT STYLES FOR LOGIC. Basic Logic Families (Kerry Bernstein). Issues in Dynamic Logic Design (Paul Gronowski). Self-Timed Pipelines (Ted Williams). High-Speed VLSI Arithmetic Units: Adders and Multipliers (Vojin G. Oklobdzija). CLOCKING. Clocked Storage Elements (Hamid Partovi). Design of High-Speed CMOS PLLs and DLLs (John George Maneatis). Clock Distribution (Daniel W. Bailey). MEMORY SYSTEM DESIGN. Register Files and Caches (Ronald Preston). Embedded DRAM (Tadaaki Yamauchi and Michihiro Yamada). INTERCONNECT AND I/O. Analyzing On-Chip Interconnect Effects (Noel Menezes and Lawrence Pileggi). Techniques for Driving Interconnect (Shannon V. Morton). I/O and ESD Circuit Design (Stephen C. Thierauf and Warren R. Anderson). High-Speed Electrical Signaling (Stefanos Sidropoulos, Chih-Kong Ken Yang, and Mark Horowitz). RELIABILITY. Electromigration Reliability (J. Joseph Clement). Hot Carrier Reliability (Kaizad Mistry). CAD TOOLS AND TEST. Overview of Computer-Aided Design Tools (Yao-Tsung Yen). Timing Verification (Victor Peng). Design and Analysis of Power Distribution Networks (David Blaauw, Rajendran Panda, and Rajat Chaudhry). Testing of High-Performance Processors (Dilip K. Bhavsar). Index.

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Book SynopsisAs computers become more complex, the number and complexity of the tasks facing the computer architect have increased. Computer performance often depends in complex way on the design parameters and intuition that must be supplemented by performance studies to enhance design productivity. This book introduces computer architects to computer system performance models and shows how they are relatively simple, inexpensive to implement, and sufficiently accurate for most purposes. It discusses the development of performance models based on queuing theory and probability. The text also shows how they are used to provide quick approximate calculations to indicate basic performance tradeoffs and narrow the range of parameters to consider when determining system configurations. It illustrates how performance models can demonstrate how a memory system is to be configured, what the cache structure should be, and what incremental changes in cache size can have on the miss rate. A part

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Book SynopsisThis excellent reference for all those involved in neural networks research and application presents, in a single text, the necessary aspects of parallel implementation for all major artificial neural network models. The book details implementations on varoius processor architectures (ring, torus, etc.) built on different hardware platforms, ranging from large general purpose parallel computers to custom built MIMD machines using transputers and DSPs. Experts who performed the implementations author the chapters and research results are covered in each chapter. These results are divided into three parts. Theoretical analysis of parallel implementation schemes on MIMD message passing machines. Details of parallel implementation of BP neural networks on a general purpose, large, parallel computer. Four chapters each describing a specific purpose parallel neural computer configuration. This book is aimed at graduate students

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Book SynopsisFacilitates both the understanding and adoption of 802.1aq as a networking solution 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) is a technology that greatly simplifies the creation and configuration of carrier, enterprise, and cloud computing networksby using modern computing power to deprecate signaling, and to integrate multicast, multipath routing, and large-scale virtualization. It is arguably one of the most significant enhancements in Ethernet''s history. 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging Design and Evolution explains both the what and the why of the technology standard being set today. It covers which decisions were elective and which were dictated by the design goals by using a multipart approach that first explains what SPB is, before transitioning into narrative form to describe the design processes and decisions behind it. To make SPB accessible to the data networking professional from multiple perspectives, the book: Provides a RTable of Contents Figures vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Abbreviations xvii 1. IEEE 802.1aq in a Nutshell: Antecedents and Technology 1 2. Why SPB Looks as It Does 36 3. Why the SPB Control Plane Looks as It Does 74 4. Practical Deployment Considerations 130 5. Applications of SPB 150 6. Futures 158 Conclusion 186 References 188 Index 190

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Book SynopsisSYSTEMS ENGINEERING NEURAL NETWORKS A complete and authoritative discussion of systems engineering and neural networks In Systems Engineering Neural Networks, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a thorough exploration of the fundamental concepts underpinning the creation and improvement of neural networks with a systems engineering mindset. In the book, you'll find a general theoretical discussion of both systems engineering and neural networks accompanied by coverage of relevant and specific topics, from deep learning fundamentals to sport business applications. Readers will discover in-depth examples derived from many years of engineering experience, a comprehensive glossary with links to further reading, and supplementary online content. The authors have also included a variety of applications programmed in both Python 3 and Microsoft Excel. The book provides: A thorough introduction to neural networks, introduced as key element of complex systems Practical discussions of sTable of ContentsABOUT THE AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 HOW TO READ THIS BOOK 8 Part I 9 1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION 9 THE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) 14 SOURCES 18 CHAPTER SUMMARY 18 QUESTIONS 19 2 DEFINING A NEURAL NETWORK 20 BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS 22 FROM BIOLOGY TO MATHEMATICS 24 WE CAME A FULL CIRCLE 25 THE MODEL OF McCULLOCH-PITTS 25 THE ARTIFICIAL NEURON OF ROSENBLATT 26 FINAL REMARKS 33 SOURCES 35 CHAPTER SUMMARY 36 QUESTIONS 37 3 ENGINEERING NEURAL NETWORKS 38 A BRIEF RECAP ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 40 THE KEYSTONE: SE4AI AND AI4SE 41 ENGINEERING COMPLEXITY 41 THE SPORT SYSTEM 45 ENGINEERING A SPORT CLUB 51 OPTIMISATION 52 AN EXAMPLE OF DECISION MAKING 56 FUTURISM AND FORESIGHT 60 QUALITATIVE TO QUANTITATIVE 61 FUZZY THINKING 64 IT IS ALL IN THE TOOLS 74 SOURCES 77 CHAPTER SUMMARY 77 QUESTIONS 78 Part II 79 4 SYSTEMS THINKING FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 79 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 82 ONE MORE THING: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 94 CHAPTER SUMMARY 101 QUESTIONS 102 SOURCES 102 5 PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT 103 EXAMPLE 1: COSINE FUNCTION 105 EXAMPLE 2: CORROSION ON A METAL STRUCTURE 112 EXAMPLE 3: DEFINING ROLES OF ATHLETES 127 EXAMPLE 4: ATHLETE’S PERFORMANCE 134 EXAMPLE 5: TEAM PERFORMANCE 142 A human-defined-system 142 Human Factors 143 The sport team as system of interest 144 Impact of Human Error on Sports Team Performance 145 EXAMPLE 6: TREND PREDICTION 156 EXAMPLE 7: SYMPLEX AND GAME THEORY 163 EXAMPLE 8: SORTING MACHINE FOR LEGO® BRICKS 168 Part III 174 6 INPUT/OUTPUT, HIDDEN LAYER AND BIAS 174 INPUT/OUTPUT 175 HIDDEN LAYER 180 BIAS 184 FINAL REMARKS 186 CHAPTER SUMMARY 187 QUESTIONS 188 7 ACTIVATION FUNCTION 189 TYPES OF ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS 191 ACTIVATION FUNCTION DERIVATIVES 194 ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS RESPONSE TO W AND b VARIABLES 200 FINAL REMARKS 202 CHAPTER SUMMARY 204 QUESTIONS 205 SOURCES 205 8 COST FUNCTION, BACK-PROPAGATION AND OTHER ITERATIVE METHODS 206 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LOSS AND COST? 209 TRAINING THE NEURAL NETWORK 212 BACK-PROPAGATION (BP) 214 ONE MORE THING: GRADIENT METHOD AND CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD 218 ONE MORE THING: NEWTON’S METHOD 221 CHAPTER SUMMARY 223 QUESTIONS 224 SOURCES 224 9 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 225 GLOSSARY AND INSIGHTS 233

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Book SynopsisLearn to combine security theory and code to produce secure systems Security is clearly a crucial issue to consider during the design and implementation of any distributed software architecture. Security patterns are increasingly being used by developers who take security into serious consideration from the creation of their work.

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Book SynopsisThe book describes how combining hardware design with software design leads to a solution to this important computer engineering problem. The book covers four topics in hardware/software codesign: fundamentals, the design space of custom architectures, the hardware/software interface and application examples.Table of ContentsThe Nature of Hardware and Software.- Data Flow Modeling and Transformation.- Data FlowImplementation in Software and Hardware.- Analysis of Control Flow and Data Flow.- Final Statet Machine with Datapath.- Microprogrammed Architectures.- General-purpose Embedded Cores.- System On Chip.- Principles of Hardware/Software Communication.- On-chip Busses.- Microprocessor Interfaces.- Hardware Interfaces.- Trivium Crypto-Coprocessor.- AES Co-processor.- CORDIC Co-processor.-Hands-on Experiments in GEZEL.

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Book SynopsisHow can you take advantage of the HipHop Virtual Machine (HHVM) and the Hack programming language, two new technologies that Facebook developed to run their web servers? With this practical guide, Owen Yamauchi-a member of Facebook's core Hack and HHVM teams-shows you how to get started with these battle-tested open-source tools.

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Book SynopsisWith more than 60 practical recipes, this cookbook helps you solve these issues with Knativethe first serverless platform natively designed for Kubernetes. Each recipe contains detailed examples and exercises, along with a discussion of how and why it works.

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Book SynopsisBring agility, cost savings, and a competitive edge to your business by migrating your IT infrastructure to AWS. With this practical book, executive and senior leadership and engineering and IT managers will examine the advantages, disadvantages, and common pitfalls when moving your company's operations to the cloud.

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Book SynopsisThis book is intended to introduce the principles of the Event-Driven and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA 2.0) and its role in the new interconnected world based on the cloud computing architecture paradigm. In this new context, the concept of “service” is widely applied to the hardware and software resources available in the new generation of the Internet. The authors focus on how current and future SOA technologies provide the basis for the smart management of the service model provided by the Platform as a Service (PaaS) layer.Table of Contents1. ESBay Case Study. 2. Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing Architectures. 3. SPaaS 1.0 Cookbook. 4. SSOAPaaS 1.0 Cookbook. 5. SSOAPaaS 2.0 Cookbook. 6. SSOAPaaS 3.0 Cookbook.

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Book SynopsisOver the past 20 years, software architectures have significantly contributed to the development of complex and distributed systems. Nowadays, it is recognized that one of the critical problems in the design and development of any complex software system is its architecture, i.e. the organization of its architectural elements. Software Architecture presents the software architecture paradigms based on objects, components, services and models, as well as the various architectural techniques and methods, the analysis of architectural qualities, models of representation of architectural templates and styles, their formalization, validation and testing and finally the engineering approach in which these consistent and autonomous elements can be tackled.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Metamodeling in Software Architectures 1 Adel SMEDA and Mourad Chabane OUSSALAH 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Metamodeling, why? 3 1.3. Software architecture metamodeling 3 1.4. MADL: a meta-architecture description language 5 1.4.1. Four levels of modeling in software architectures 5 1.4.2. MADL: reflexive core dedicated to the meta-meta-architecture 7 1.4.3. MADL structure 8 1.4.4. MADL instantiation: example of the ADL Acme 11 1.4.5. Comparison of MADL and MDA/MOF 13 1.5. Mapping of ADLs to UML 17 1.5.1. Why to map an ADL to UML? 18 1.5.2. ADL mapping to UML 19 1.6. A mapping example: the case of the Acme language. 31 1.7. Some remarks on the mapping of ADL concepts to UML 32 1.7.1. UML 2.0 as an ADL 32 1.7.2. Mapping strategies 33 1.8. Conclusion 34 1.9. Bibliography 34 Chapter 2. Architecture Constraints 37 Chouki TIBERMACINE 2.1. Introduction 38 2.2. State of the art 40 2.2.1. Expression of architecture constraints in the design phase 40 2.2.2. Expression of architecture constraints in the implementation phase 49 2.3. Architecture constraints on object-oriented applications 57 2.3.1. Architecture constraints in the design phase 57 2.3.2. Architecture constraints in the implementation phase 61 2.4. Architecture constraints on component-based applications 68 2.4.1. Architecture constraints in the design phase 69 2.4.2. Architecture constraints in the implementation phase 75 2.5. Architecture constraints on service-oriented applications 79 2.6. Conclusion 85 2.7. Bibliography 86 Chapter 3. Software Architectures and Multiple Variability 91 Mathieu ACHER, Philippe COLLET and Philippe LAHIRE 3.1. Introduction 91 3.2. Variability: foundations and principles 95 3.2.1. Variability and product lines 95 3.2.2. Feature models 97 3.3. Framework of studies and connected work 99 3.3.1. From multiplicity to variability 100 3.3.2. Extraction and evolution of architectural variability 101 3.4. Video surveillance component architecture 102 3.4.1. Case study 102 3.4.2. Accounting for multiple variability 104 3.4.3. Results 108 3.5. SOA for scientific workflows 110 3.5.1. Case study 110 3.5.2. Accounting for multiple variability 112 3.5.3. Results 114 3.6. Reverse engineering plugin-based architecture 116 3.6.1. Case study 116 3.6.2. Accounting for multiple variability 118 3.6.3. Results 120 3.7. Evaluation 122 3.7.1. The necessity of tooling 122 3.7.2. Summary of case studies 123 3.8. Conclusion 125 3.9. Bibliography 126 Chapter 4. Architecture and Quality of Software Systems 133 Nicole LÉVY, Francisca LOSAVIO and Yann POLLET 4.1. Introduction 133 4.2. Quality approach 135 4.2.1. ISO 25010 quality 135 4.2.2. Quality reference 137 4.2.3. Quality model of a system 138 4.2.4. Functional quality model 139 4.2.5. Quality model of the architecture 140 4.3. Approach for architecture development of a domain 142 4.3.1. General principles 142 4.3.2. Functional quality model 145 4.3.3. Architectural quality model 145 4.3.4. Reference architecture 145 4.3.5. Transition from domain level to system level 147 4.4. Development of the reference architecture in a functional domain 148 4.4.1. Example of functional domain 148 4.4.2. Functional refinement 148 4.4.3. Development of the FQM 150 4.4.4. Definition of the preliminary architecture 151 4.4.5. Development of architectural quality model 152 4.4.6. Integration of the reference architecture of the domain 152 4.5. Architectures at system level 156 4.5.1. Functional refinement 156 4.5.2. Functional quality model 157 4.5.3. Basic architecture 158 4.5.4. Architectural quality model 158 4.5.5. Architecture of the Dopamine and Samarkand systems 159 4.6. Related work 161 4.7. Conclusion 166 4.8. Bibliography 167 Chapter 5. Software Architectures and Multiagent Systems 171 Jean-Paul ARCANGELI, Victor NOËL and Frédéric MIGEON 5.1. Introduction 172 5.2. MAS and agent-oriented software engineering 172 5.2.1. Agent 173 5.2.2. System and interactions 174 5.2.3. MAS 175 5.2.4. Examples of MAS 177 5.2.5. Agent-oriented software engineering 178 5.3. MAS as an architectural style 183 5.3.1. Positioning the “MAS” style 183 5.3.2. Characteristics in terms of abstraction 184 5.3.3. Characteristics in terms of (de)composition 188 5.3.4. Link with the requirements 190 5.3.5. A family of architectural styles 194 5.4. The architectural gap 195 5.4.1. State of the practice 196 5.4.2. Analysis from an architectural point of view 197 5.4.3. Assessment 200 5.5. How to fill the architectural gap 200 5.5.1. Limitations of existing solutions 200 5.5.2. Realization of the microarchitecture 201 5.6. Conclusion 204 5.7. Bibliography 205 Chapter 6. Software Architectures and Software Processes 209 Fadila AOUSSAT, Mourad Chabane OUSSALAH and Mohamed AHMED-NACER 6.1. Introduction 209 6.2. Software process architectures 211 6.2.1. Software process models: definition 211 6.2.2. Modeling software architecture-based software processes 213 6.3. Comparison framework for SA-based SP model reuse solutions 214 6.3.1. The software process axis evaluation criteria 217 6.3.2. The software architecture axis evaluation criteria 220 6.3.3. The quality axis evaluation criteria 223 6.4. Evaluation of SA-based SP modeling and execution approaches 225 6.4.1. SP axis evaluation of SA-based SP reuse approaches 225 6.4.2. SA axis evaluation of SA-based SP reuse approaches 229 6.4.3. Quality axis evaluation of SA-based SP reuse approaches 232 6.4.4. Assessment and discussions 234 6.5. Conclusion 235 6.6. Bibliography 236 List of Authors 241 Index 243

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Book SynopsisThere is a great transformation of the production of knowledge and intelligibility. The "digital fold of the world" (with the convergence of NBIC) affects the collective assemblages of “thought”, of research. The aims of these assemblages are also controversial issues. From a general standpoint, these debates concern “performative science and performative society”. But one emerges and strengthens that has several names: transhumanism, post-humanism, speculative post-humanism. It appears as a great narration, a large story about the future of our existence, facing our entry into the Anthropocene. It is also presented as a concrete utopia with an anthropological and technical change. In this book, we proposed to show how collective intelligences stand in the middle of the coupling of ontological horizons and of the “process of bio-technical maturation”.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Elements of the General Configuration and Adaptive Landscape of Collective Intelligences 1 1.1. The intertwined narratives of tangible utopias and brilliant futures 1 1.2. Intelligence is “always already collective and machined” 5 1.3. Collective intelligences in the weaving of data 9 1.4. Semiotics and statistics 13 1.5. Data cities and human becomings: the new milieus of intelligence 17 1.5.1. Open Data (OD): a heterogeneous movement, the contribution to novel forms of knowledge in question 22 1.6. Coupling OD/big data/data mining 32 1.7. The semantic web as intellectual technology 34 1.8. Toward understanding onto-ethologies 42 1.9. Marketing intelligences: data and graphs in the heat of passions 50 1.10. Personal data: private property as an open and unstable process 59 1.11. The figures of the network 64 1.12. Machinic interfaces: social subjection and enslavement 67 1.13. Collective intelligences and anthropological concerns 70 1.14. Toward a new encyclopedic state: first overview 74 1.15. Controversies and boundaries 78 1.16. The milieus of intelligence and knowledge 84 1.17. Which criteria for writings? 86 1.18. Collective intelligences of usage and doxic collective intelligences: the status of short forms 90 1.19. Collective intelligences, self-organization, “swarm” intelligences 92 1.20. Short forms, relinkage, relaunching 99 1.21. Insomniac commentary as a catastrophic correction of short forms 100 1.22. Twitter as a Markovian Territory: a few remarks 103 Chapter 2. Post- and Transhumanist Horizons 107 2.1. Some bioanthropotechnical transformations 107 2.2. What to do with our brain? 113 2.3. About transhumanism and speculative posthumanism 122 2.4. Epigenetic and epiphylogenetic plasticity 125 2.5. Speculative uncertainties 127 2.6. Trans- and posthumanism as they present themselves 152 Chapter 3. Fragmented Encyclopedism 169 3.1. Collective intelligences and the encyclopedic problem 169 3.2. The political utopia in store 170 3.3. Encyclopedism and digital publishing modes 174 3.4. A new documentary process 176 3.5. Fragmented encyclopedism: education/interfaces 190 3.6. Encyclopedism and correlations 192 3.6.1. “Correlation is enough”: the Anderson controversy, and the J. Gray paradigm and their limits 192 3.7. “Perplication” in knowledge 198 3.7.1. Doxic tension in fragmented encyclopedism and format accordingly 198 3.8. Networks of the digital environment 199 3.8.1. Variations of speed and slowness at the center of encyclopedic pragmatics 200 3.9. Knowledge and thought in fragmented encyclopedism 201 3.10. What criteriology for encyclopedic writings? 202 3.11. Borders in fragmented encyclopedism: autoimmune disorders and disagreement 205 3.12. Fragmented encyclopedism: a habitat for controversies? 207 3.13. Encyclopedism according to the semantic and sociosemantic web (ontologies and web): mapping(s) and semantic levels 209 3.14. From ontologies to “onto-ethologies” and assemblages 212 3.15. Fragmented encyclopedism in the digital age: metalanguage and combinatorial 214 3.15.1. Encyclopedism and doxic immanence field: the proliferation of short forms 216 3.16. From fragmented encyclopedism to gaseous encyclopedism 217 Bibliography 219 Index 233Conclusion

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Book SynopsisCognitive science arose in the 1950s when it became apparent that anumber of disciplines, including psychology, computer science,linguistics, and philosophy, were fragmenting. Perhaps owing to thefield’s immediate origins in cybernetics, as well as to thefoundational assumption that cognition is information processing,cognitive science initially seemed more unified than psychology.However, as a result of differing interpretations of the foundationalassumption and dramatically divergent views of the meaning of the terminformation processing, three separate schools emerged:classical cognitive science, connectionist cognitive science, andembodied cognitive science. Examples, cases, and research findings taken from the wide range ofphenomena studied by cognitive scientists effectively explain andexplore the relationship among the three perspectives. Intended tointroduce both graduate and senior undergraduate students to thefoundations of cognitive science, Mind, Body, World addressesa number of questions currently being asked by those practicing in thefield: What are the core assumptions of the three different schools?What are the relationships between these different sets of coreassumptions? Is there only one cognitive science, or are there manydifferent cognitive sciences? Giving the schools equal treatment anddisplaying a broad and deep understanding of the field, Dawsonhighlights the fundamental tensions and lines of fragmentation thatexist among the schools and provides a refreshing and unifyingframework for students of cognitive science.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables | ix Preface | xiii Who Is This Book Written For? | xiv Acknowledgements | xv Chapter 1. The Cognitive Sciences: One or Many? | 1 1.0 Chapter Overview | 1 1.1 A Fragmented Psychology | 2 1.2 A Unified Cognitive Science | 3 1.3 Cognitive Science or the Cognitive Sciences? | 6 1.4 Cognitive Science: Pre-paradigmatic? | 13 1.5 A Plan of Action | 16 Chapter 2. Multiple Levels of Investigation | 19 2.0 Chapter Overview | 19 2.1 Machines and Minds | 20 2.2 From the Laws of Thought to Binary Logic | 23 2.3 From the Formal to the Physical | 29 2.4 Multiple Procedures and Architectures | 32 2.5 Relays and Multiple Realizations | 35 2.6 Multiple Levels of Investigation and Explanation | 38 2.7 Formal Accounts of Input-Output Mappings | 40 2.8 Behaviour by Design and by Artifact | 41 2.9 Algorithms from Artifacts | 43 2.10 Architectures against Homunculi | 46 2.11 Implementing Architectures | 48 2.12 Levelling the Field | 51 Chapter 3. Elements of Classical Cognitive Science | 55 3.0 Chapter Overview | 55 3.1 Mind, Disembodied | 56 3.2 Mechanizing the Infinite | 59 3.3 Phrase Markers and Fractals | 65 3.4 Behaviourism, Language, and Recursion | 68 3.5 Underdetermination and Innateness | 72 3.6 Physical Symbol Systems | 75 3.7 Componentiality, Computability, and Cognition | 78 3.8 The Intentional Stance | 82 3.9 Structure and Process | 85 3.10 A Classical Architecture for Cognition | 89 3.11 Weak Equivalence and the Turing Test | 93 3.12 Towards Strong Equivalence | 97 3.13 The Impenetrable Architecture | 106 3.14 Modularity of Mind | 113 3.15 Reverse Engineering | 119 3.16 What is Classical Cognitive Science? | 122 Chapter 4. Elements of Connectionist Cognitive Science | 125 4.0 Chapter Overview | 125 4.1 Nurture versus Nature | 126 4.2 Associations | 133 4.3 Nonlinear Transformations | 139 4.4 The Connectionist Sandwich | 142 4.5 Connectionist Computations: An Overview | 148 4.6 Beyond the Terminal Meta-postulate | 149 4.7 What Do Output Unit Activities Represent? | 152 4.8 Connectionist Algorithms: An Overview | 158 4.9 Empiricism and Internal Representations | 159 4.10 Chord Classification by a Multilayer Perceptron | 162 4.11 Trigger Features | 172 4.12 A Parallel Distributed Production System | 177 4.13 Of Coarse Codes | 184 4.14 Architectural Connectionism: An Overview | 188 4.15 New Powers of Old Networks | 189 4.16 Connectionist Reorientation | 193 4.17 Perceptrons and Jazz Progressions | 195 4.18 What Is Connectionist Cognitive Science? | 198 Chapter 5. Elements of Embodied Cognitive Science | 205 5.0 Chapter Overview | 205 5.1 Abandoning Methodological Solipsism | 206 5.2 Societal Computing | 210 5.3 Stigmergy and Superorganisms | 212 5.4 Embodiment, Situatedness, and Feedback | 216 5.5 Umwelten, Affordances, and Enactive Perception | 219 5.6 Horizontal Layers of Control | 222 5.7 Mind in Action | 224 5.8 The Extended Mind | 230 5.9 The Roots of Forward Engineering | 235 5.10 Reorientation without Representation | 239 5.11 Robotic Moments in Social Environments | 245 5.12 The Architecture of Mind Reading | 250 5.13 Levels of Embodied Cognitive Science | 255 5.14 What Is Embodied Cognitive Science? | 260 Chapter 6. Classical Music and Cognitive Science | 265 6.0 Chapter Overview | 265 6.1 The Classical Nature of Classical Music | 266 6.2 The Classical Approach to Musical Cognition | 273 6.3 Musical Romanticism and Connectionism | 280 6.4 The Connectionist Approach to Musical Cognition | 286 6.5 The Embodied Nature of Modern Music | 291 6.6 The Embodied Approach to Musical Cognition | 301 6.7 Cognitive Science and Classical Music | 307 Chapter 7. Marks of the Classical? | 315 7.0 Chapter Overview | 315 7.1 Symbols and Situations | 316 7.2 Marks of the Classical | 324 7.3 Centralized versus Decentralized Control | 326 7.4 Serial versus Parallel Processing | 334 7.5 Local versus Distributed Representations | 339 7.6 Internal Representations | 343 7.7 Explicit Rules versus Implicit Knowledge | 345 7.8 The Cognitive Vocabulary | 348 7.9 From Classical Marks to Hybrid Theories | 355 Chapter 8. Seeing and Visualizing | 359 8.0 Chapter Overview | 359 8.1 The Transparency of Visual Processing | 360 8.2 The Poverty of the Stimulus | 362 8.3 Enrichment via Unconscious Inference | 368 8.4 Natural Constraints | 371 8.5 Vision, Cognition, and Visual Cognition | 379 8.6 Indexing Objects in the World | 383

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Book SynopsisThe past few years have seen a major change in computing systems, as growing data volumes and stalling processor speeds require more and more applications to scale out to clusters. Today, a myriad data sources, from the Internet to business operations to scientific instruments, produce large and valuable data streams. However, the processing capabilities of single machines have not kept up with the size of data. As a result, organizations increasingly need to scale out their computations over clusters. At the same time, the speed and sophistication required of data processing have grown. In addition to simple queries, complex algorithms like machine learning and graph analysis are becoming common. And in addition to batch processing, streaming analysis of real-time data is required to let organizations take timely action. Future computing platforms will need to not only scale out traditional workloads, but support these new applications too.This book, a revised version of the 2014 ACM Dissertation Award winning dissertation, proposes an architecture for cluster computing systems that can tackle emerging data processing workloads at scale. Whereas early cluster computing systems, like MapReduce, handled batch processing, our architecture also enables streaming and interactive queries, while keeping MapReduce's scalability and fault tolerance. And whereas most deployed systems only support simple one-pass computations (e.g., SQL queries), ours also extends to the multi-pass algorithms required for complex analytics like machine learning. Finally, unlike the specialized systems proposed for some of these workloads, our architecture allows these computations to be combined, enabling rich new applications that intermix, for example, streaming and batch processing.We achieve these results through a simple extension to MapReduce that adds primitives for data sharing, called Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs). We show that this is enough to capture a wide range of workloads. We implement RDDs in the open source Spark system, which we evaluate using synthetic and real workloads. Spark matches or exceeds the performance of specialized systems in many domains, while offering stronger fault tolerance properties and allowing these workloads to be combined. Finally, we examine the generality of RDDs from both a theoretical modeling perspective and a systems perspective.This version of the dissertation makes corrections throughout the text and adds a new section on the evolution of Apache Spark in industry since 2014. In addition, editing, formatting, and links for the references have been added.Table of Contents Preface 1. Introduction 2. Resilient Distributed Datasets 3. Models Built over RDDs 4. Discretized Streams 5. Generality of RDDs 6. Conclusion References Author's Biography

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Book SynopsisThe past few years have seen a major change in computing systems, as growing data volumes and stalling processor speeds require more and more applications to scale out to clusters. Today, a myriad data sources, from the Internet to business operations to scientific instruments, produce large and valuable data streams. However, the processing capabilities of single machines have not kept up with the size of data. As a result, organizations increasingly need to scale out their computations over clusters. At the same time, the speed and sophistication required of data processing have grown. In addition to simple queries, complex algorithms like machine learning and graph analysis are becoming common. And in addition to batch processing, streaming analysis of real-time data is required to let organizations take timely action. Future computing platforms will need to not only scale out traditional workloads, but support these new applications too.This book, a revised version of the 2014 ACM Dissertation Award winning dissertation, proposes an architecture for cluster computing systems that can tackle emerging data processing workloads at scale. Whereas early cluster computing systems, like MapReduce, handled batch processing, our architecture also enables streaming and interactive queries, while keeping MapReduce's scalability and fault tolerance. And whereas most deployed systems only support simple one-pass computations (e.g., SQL queries), ours also extends to the multi-pass algorithms required for complex analytics like machine learning. Finally, unlike the specialized systems proposed for some of these workloads, our architecture allows these computations to be combined, enabling rich new applications that intermix, for example, streaming and batch processing.We achieve these results through a simple extension to MapReduce that adds primitives for data sharing, called Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs). We show that this is enough to capture a wide range of workloads. We implement RDDs in the open source Spark system, which we evaluate using synthetic and real workloads. Spark matches or exceeds the performance of specialized systems in many domains, while offering stronger fault tolerance properties and allowing these workloads to be combined. Finally, we examine the generality of RDDs from both a theoretical modeling perspective and a systems perspective.This version of the dissertation makes corrections throughout the text and adds a new section on the evolution of Apache Spark in industry since 2014. In addition, editing, formatting, and links for the references have been added.Table of Contents Preface 1. Introduction 2. Resilient Distributed Datasets 3. Models Built over RDDs 4. Discretized Streams 5. Generality of RDDs 6. Conclusion References Author's Biography

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Book SynopsisParallelism is the key to achieving high performance in computing. However, writing efficient and scalable parallel programs is notoriously difficult, and often requires significant expertise. To address this challenge, it is crucial to provide programmers with high-level tools to enable them to develop solutions easily, and at the same time emphasize the theoretical and practical aspects of algorithm design to allow the solutions developed to run efficiently under many different settings. This thesis addresses this challenge using a three-pronged approach consisting of the design of shared-memory programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms for important problems in computing. The thesis provides evidence that with appropriate programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms, shared-memory programs can be simple, fast, and scalable, both in theory and in practice. The results developed in this thesis serve to ease the transition into the multicore era.The first part of this thesis introduces tools and techniques for deterministic parallel programming, including means for encapsulating nondeterminism via powerful commutative building blocks, as well as a novel framework for executing sequential iterative loops in parallel, which lead to deterministic parallel algorithms that are efficient both in theory and in practice. The second part of this thesis introduces Ligra, the first high-level shared memory framework for parallel graph traversal algorithms. The framework allows programmers to express graph traversal algorithms using very short and concise code, delivers performance competitive with that of highly-optimized code, and is up to orders of magnitude faster than existing systems designed for distributed memory. This part of the thesis also introduces Ligra , which extends Ligra with graph compression techniques to reduce space usage and improve parallel performance at the same time, and is also the first graph processing system to support in-memory graph compression.The third and fourth parts of this thesis bridge the gap between theory and practice in parallel algorithm design by introducing the first algorithms for a variety of important problems on graphs and strings that are efficient both in theory and in practice. For example, the thesis develops the first linear-work and polylogarithmic-depth algorithms for suffix tree construction and graph connectivity that are also practical, as well as a work-efficient, polylogarithmic-depth, and cache-efficient shared-memory algorithm for triangle computations that achieves a 2–5x speedup over the best existing algorithms on 40 cores.This is a revised version of the thesis that won the 2015 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award.Table of Contents Introduction Preliminaries and Notation Programming Techniques for Deterministic Parallelism Internally Deterministic Parallelism: Techniques and Algorithms Deterministic Parallelism in Sequential Iterative Algorithms A Deterministic Phase-Concurrent Parallel Hash Table Priority Updates: A Contention-Reducing Primitive for Deterministic Programming Large-Scale Shared-Memory Graph Analytics Ligra: A Lightweight Graph Processing Framework for Shared Memory Ligra : Adding Compression to Ligra Parallel Graph Algorithms Linear-Work Parallel Graph Connectivity Parallel and Cache-Oblivious Triangle Computations Parallel String Algorithms Parallel Cartesian Tree and Suffix Tree Construction Parallel Computation of Longest Common Prefixes Parallel Lempel-Ziv Factorization Parallel Wavelet Tree Construction Conclusion and Future Work Bibliography

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Book SynopsisParallelism is the key to achieving high performance in computing. However, writing efficient and scalable parallel programs is notoriously difficult, and often requires significant expertise. To address this challenge, it is crucial to provide programmers with high-level tools to enable them to develop solutions easily, and at the same time emphasize the theoretical and practical aspects of algorithm design to allow the solutions developed to run efficiently under many different settings. This thesis addresses this challenge using a three-pronged approach consisting of the design of shared-memory programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms for important problems in computing. The thesis provides evidence that with appropriate programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms, shared-memory programs can be simple, fast, and scalable, both in theory and in practice. The results developed in this thesis serve to ease the transition into the multicore era.The first part of this thesis introduces tools and techniques for deterministic parallel programming, including means for encapsulating nondeterminism via powerful commutative building blocks, as well as a novel framework for executing sequential iterative loops in parallel, which lead to deterministic parallel algorithms that are efficient both in theory and in practice. The second part of this thesis introduces Ligra, the first high-level shared memory framework for parallel graph traversal algorithms. The framework allows programmers to express graph traversal algorithms using very short and concise code, delivers performance competitive with that of highly-optimized code, and is up to orders of magnitude faster than existing systems designed for distributed memory. This part of the thesis also introduces Ligra , which extends Ligra with graph compression techniques to reduce space usage and improve parallel performance at the same time, and is also the first graph processing system to support in-memory graph compression.The third and fourth parts of this thesis bridge the gap between theory and practice in parallel algorithm design by introducing the first algorithms for a variety of important problems on graphs and strings that are efficient both in theory and in practice. For example, the thesis develops the first linear-work and polylogarithmic-depth algorithms for suffix tree construction and graph connectivity that are also practical, as well as a work-efficient, polylogarithmic-depth, and cache-efficient shared-memory algorithm for triangle computations that achieves a 2–5x speedup over the best existing algorithms on 40 cores.This is a revised version of the thesis that won the 2015 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award.Table of Contents Introduction Preliminaries and Notation Programming Techniques for Deterministic Parallelism Internally Deterministic Parallelism: Techniques and Algorithms Deterministic Parallelism in Sequential Iterative Algorithms A Deterministic Phase-Concurrent Parallel Hash Table Priority Updates: A Contention-Reducing Primitive for Deterministic Programming Large-Scale Shared-Memory Graph Analytics Ligra: A Lightweight Graph Processing Framework for Shared Memory Ligra : Adding Compression to Ligra Parallel Graph Algorithms Linear-Work Parallel Graph Connectivity Parallel and Cache-Oblivious Triangle Computations Parallel String Algorithms Parallel Cartesian Tree and Suffix Tree Construction Parallel Computation of Longest Common Prefixes Parallel Lempel-Ziv Factorization Parallel Wavelet Tree Construction Conclusion and Future Work Bibliography

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Book SynopsisComputation, itself a form of calculation, incorporates steps that include arithmetical and non-arithmetical (logical) steps following a specific set of rules (an algorithm). This uniquely accessible textbook introduces students using a very distinctive approach, quite rapidly leading them into essential topics with sufficient depth, yet in a highly intuitive manner. From core elements like sets, types, Venn diagrams and logic, to patterns of reasoning, calculus, recursion and expression trees, the book spans the breadth of key concepts and methods that will enable students to readily progress with their studies in Computer Science.Trade Review“This book is intended as a textbook for an introductory course in computation for students beginning in informatics. No prerequisites are needed, all concepts, even elementary ones ... . it is also very suited for self-study, even if a reader is interested in Haskell or symbolic logic alone. ... Comprehension is supported by exercises for each chapter ... .” (Dieter Riebesehl, zbMATH 1497.68005, 2022)Table of Contents1 Sets 132 Types 193 Simple Computations 274 Venn Diagrams and Logical Connectives 355 Lists and Comprehensions 456 Features and Predicates 557 Testing Your Programs 638 Patterns of Reasoning 739 More Patterns of Reasoning 8110 Lists and Recursion 9111 More Fun with Recursion 10112 Higher-Order Functions 11113 Higher and Higher 12314 Sequent Calculus 13115 Algebraic Data Types 14316 Expression Trees 15717 Karnaugh Maps 17518 Relations and Quantifiers 18319 Checking Satisfiability 19120 Data Representation 20321 Data Abstraction 22122 Efficient CNF Conversion 23723 Counting Satisfying Valuations 24924 Type Classes 26325 Search in Trees 27526 Combinatorial Algorithms 28527 Finite Automata 29928 Deterministic Finite Automata 31129 Non-Deterministic Finite Automata 32130 Input/Output and Monads 34131 Regular Expressions 35932 Non-Regular Languages 369Index 377

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book to focus on the problem of ensuring the correctness of floating-point hardware designs through mathematical methods. Formal Verification of Floating-Point Hardware Design, Second Edition advances a verification methodology based on a unified theory of register-transfer logic and floating-point arithmetic that has been developed and applied to the formal verification of commercial floating-point units over the course of more than two decades, during which the author was employed by several major microprocessor design companies. The theory is extended to the analysis of several algorithms and optimization techniques that are commonly used in commercial implementations of elementary arithmetic operations. As a basis for the formal verification of such implementations, high-level specifications of the basic arithmetic instructions of several major industry-standard floating-point architectures are presented, including all details pertaining to the handling of exceptional conditions. The methodology is illustrated in the comprehensive verification of a variety of state-of-the-art commercial floating-point designs developed by Arm Holdings. This revised edition reflects the evolving microarchitectures and increasing sophistication of Arm processors, and the variation in the design goals of execution speed, hardware area requirements, and power consumption. Many new results have been added to Parts I—III (Register-Transfer Logic, Floating-Point Arithmetic, and Implementation of Elementary Operations), extending the theory and describing new techniques. These were derived as required in the verification of the new RTL designs described in Part V. Table of ContentsPart I - Register-Transfer Logic.- Basic Arithmetic Functions.- Bit Vectors.- Logical Operations.- Part II - Floating-Point Arithmetic.- Floating-Point Numbers.- Floating-Point Formats.- Rounding.- IEEE-Compliant Square Root.- Part III - Implementation of Elementary Operations.- Addition.- Multiplication.- SRT Division and Square Root.- FMA-Based Division.- Part IV - Comparative Architectures: SSE, x87, and Arm.- SSE Floating-Point Instructions.- x87 Instructions.- Arm Floating-Point.- Instructions.- Part V - Formal Verification of RTL Designs.- The RAC Modeling Language.- Double-Precision Multiplication and Scaling.- Double-Precision Addition and FMA.- Multi-Precision Radix-8 SRT Division.- 64-bit Integer Division.- Multi-Precision Radix-4 SRT Square Root.- Multi-Precision Radix-2 SRT Division.- Fused Multiply-Add of a Graphics Processor.

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Book SynopsisThe complexity of modern chip design requires extensive use of specialized software throughout the process. To achieve the best results, a user of this software needs a high-level understanding of the underlying mathematical models and algorithms. In addition, a developer of such software must have a keen understanding of relevant computer science aspects, including algorithmic performance bottlenecks and how various algorithms operate and interact. This book introduces and compares the fundamental algorithms that are used during the IC physical design phase, wherein a geometric chip layout is produced starting from an abstract circuit design. This updated second edition includes recent advancements in the state-of-the-art of physical design, and builds upon foundational coverage of essential and fundamental techniques. Numerous examples and tasks with solutions increase the clarity of presentation and facilitate deeper understanding. A comprehensive set of slides is available on the Internet for each chapter, simplifying use of the book in instructional settings.“This improved, second edition of the book will continue to serve the EDA and design community well. It is a foundational text and reference for the next generation of professionals who will be called on to continue the advancement of our chip design tools and design the most advanced micro-electronics.” Dr. Leon Stok, Vice President, Electronic Design Automation, IBM Systems Group“This is the book I wish I had when I taught EDA in the past, and the one I’m using from now on.” Dr. Louis K. Scheffer, Howard Hughes Medical Institute“I would happily use this book when teaching Physical Design. I know of no other work that’s as comprehensive and up-to-date, with algorithmic focus and clear pseudocode for the key algorithms. The book is beautifully designed!”Prof. John P. Hayes, University of Michigan“The entire field of electronic design automation owes the authors a great debt for providing a single coherent source on physical design that is clear and tutorial in nature, while providing details on key state-of-the-art topics such as timing closure.”Prof. Kurt Keutzer, University of California, Berkeley“An excellent balance of the basics and more advanced concepts, presented by top experts in the field.” Prof. Sachin Sapatnekar, University of MinnesotaTable of Contents1 Introduction. 1.1 Electronic Design Automation (EDA). 1.2 VLSI Design Flow. 1.3 VLSI Design Styles. 1.4 Layout Layers and Design Rules. 1.5 Physical Design Optimizations. 1.6 Algorithms and Complexity. 1.7 Graph Theory Terminology. 1.8 Common EDA Terminology. 2 Netlist and System Partitioning. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Terminology. 2.3 Optimization Goals. 2.4 Partitioning Algorithms. 2.5 A Framework for Multilevel Partitioning. 2.6 System Partitioning onto Multiple FPGAs. Chapter 2 Exercises.3 Chip Planning. 3.1 Introduction to Floorplanning. 3.2 Optimization Goals in Floorplanning. 3.3 Terminology. 3.4 Floorplan Representations. 3.5 Floorplanning Algorithms. 3.6 Pin Assignment. 3.7 Power and Ground Routing. Chapter 3 Exercises.4 Global and Detailed Placement. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Optimization Objectives. 4.3 Global Placement. 4.4 Legalization and Detailed Placement. Chapter 4 Exercises.5 Global Routing. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Terminology and Definitions. 5.3 Optimization Goals. 5.4 Representations of Routing Regions. 5.5 The Global Routing Flow. 5.6 Single-Net Routing. 5.7 Full-Netlist Routing. 5.8 Modern Global Routing. Chapter 5 Exercises.6 Detailed Routing. 6.1 Terminology. 6.2 Horizontal and Vertical Constraint Graphs. 6.3 Channel Routing Algorithms. 6.4 Switchbox Routing. 6.5 Over-the-Cell Routing Algorithms. 6.6 Modern Challenges in Detailed Routing. Chapter 6 Exercises.7 Specialized Routing. 7.1 Introduction to Area Routing. 7.2 Net Ordering in Area Routing. 7.3 Non-Manhattan Routing. 7.4 Basic Concepts in Clock Networks. 7.5 Modern Clock Tree Synthesis. Chapter 7 Exercises.8 Timing Closure. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Timing Analysis and Performance Constraints. 8.3 Timing-Driven Placement. 8.4 Timing-Driven Routing. 8.5 Physical Synthesis. 8.6 Performance-Driven Design Flow. 8.7 Conclusions. Chapter 8 Exercises. A Solutions to Chapter Exercises. B Example CMOS Cell Layouts.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the first comprehensive approach to the optimization of interconnect architectures in 3D systems on chips (SoCs), specially addressing the challenges and opportunities arising from heterogeneous integration. Readers learn about the physical implications of using heterogeneous 3D technologies for SoC integration, while also learning to maximize the 3D-technology gains, through a physical-effect-aware architecture design. The book provides a deep theoretical background covering all abstraction-levels needed to research and architect tomorrow’s 3D-integrated circuits, an extensive set of optimization methods (for power, performance, area, and yield), as well as an open-source optimization and simulation framework for fast exploration of novel designs.Table of ContentsPart I Introduction1 Introduction to 3D Technologies 1.1 Motivation for Heterogenous 3D ICs 1.2 3D Technologies 1.3 TSV Capacitances—A Problem Resistant to Scaling 1.4 Conclusion 2 Interconnect Architectures for 3D Technologies 2.1 Interconnect Architectures 2.2 Overview of Interconnect Architectures for 3D ICs 2.3 Three-dimensional Networks on chips 2.4 Conclusion Part II 3D Technology Modeling 3 Power and Performance Formulas 3.1 High-Level Formula for the Power Consumption 3.2 High-Level Formula for the Propagation Delay 3.3 Matrix Formulations 3.4 Evaluation 3.5 Conclusion 4 Capacitance Estimation 4.1 Existing Capacitance Models 4.2 Edge and MOS Effects on the TSV Capacitances 4.3 TSV Capacitance Model 4.4 Evaluation 4.5 Conclusion Part III System Modeling xiii xiv Contents 5 Application and Simulation Models 5.1 Overview of the Modeling Approach 5.2 Application Traffic Model 5.3 Simulation Model of 3D NoCs 5.4 Simulator Interfaces 5.5 Conclusion 6 Bit-level Statistics 6.1 Existing Approaches to Estimate the Bit-Level Statistics for Single Data Streams 6.2 Data-Stream Multiplexing 6.3 Bit-Level Statistics with Data-Stream Multiplexing 6.4 Evaluation 6.5 Conclusion 7 Ratatoskr Framework 7.1 Ratatoskr for Practitioners 7.2 Implementation 7.3 Evaluation 7.4 Case Study: Link Power Estimation and Optimization 7.5 Conclusion Part IV 3D-Interconnect Optimization 8 Low-Power Technique for 3D Interconnects 8.1 Fundamental Idea 8.2 Power-Optimal TSV assignment 8.3 Systematic Net-to-TSV Assignments 8.4 Combination with Traditional Low-Power Codes 8.5 Evaluation 8.6 Conclusion 9 Low-Power Technique for High-Performance 3D Interconnects. 9.1 Edge-Effect-Aware Crosstalk Classification 9.2 Existing Approaches and Their Limitations 9.3 Proposed Technique 9.4 Extension to a Low-Power 3D CAC 9.5 Evaluation 9.6 Conclusion 10 Low-Power Technique for High-Performance 3D Interconnects (Misaligned) 10.1 Temporal-Misalignment Effect on the Crosstalk 10.2 Exploiting Misalignment to Improve the Performance 10.3 Effect on the TSV Power Consumption Contents xv 10.4 Evaluation 10.5 Conclusion 11 Low-Power Technique for Yield-Enhanced 3D Interconnects 11.1 Existing TSV Yield-Enhancement Techniques 11.2 Preliminaries—Logical Impact of TSV Faults 11.3 Fundamental Idea 11.4 Formal Problem Description 11.5 TSV Redundancy Schemes 11.6 Evaluation 11.7 Case Study 11.8 Conclusion Part V NoC Optimization for Heterogeneous 3D Integration 12 Heterogeneous Buffering for 3D NoCs251 12.1 Buffer Distributions and Depths 12.2 Routers with Optimized Buffer Distribution 12.3 Routers with Optimized Buffer Depths 12.4 Evaluation 12.5 Discussion 12.6 Conclusion 13 Heterogeneous Routing for 3D NoCs 13.1 Heterogeneity and Routing 13.2 Modeling Heterogeneous Technologies 13.3 Modeling Communication 13.4 Routing Limitations from Heterogeneity 13.5 Heterogeneous Routing Algorithms 13.6 Heterogeneous Router Architectures 13.7 Low-Power Routing in Heterogeneous 3D ICs 13.8 Evaluation 13.9 Discussion 13.10Conclusion 14 Heterogeneous Virtualisation for 3D NoCs 14.1 Problem Description 14.2 Heterogeneous Microarchitectures Exploiting Traffic Imbalance 14.3 Evaluation 14.4 Conclusion 15 Network Synthesis and SoC Floor Planning 15.1 Fundamental Idea 15.2 Modelling and Optimization 15.3 Mixed-Integer Linear Program 15.4 Heuristic Solution xvi Contents 15.5 Evaluation 15.6 Conclusion Part VI Finale 16 Conclusion 16.1 Putting it all together 16.2 Impact on Future Work A Appendix B Pseudo Codes C Method to Calculate the Depletion-Region Widths D Modeling Logical OR Relations

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Book SynopsisGeneral-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPU) have emerged as an important class of shared memory parallel processing architectures, with widespread deployment in every computer class from high-end supercomputers to embedded mobile platforms. Relative to more traditional multicore systems of today, GPGPUs have distinctly higher degrees of hardware multithreading (hundreds of hardware thread contexts vs. tens), a return to wide vector units (several tens vs. 1-10), memory architectures that deliver higher peak memory bandwidth (hundreds of gigabytes per second vs. tens), and smaller caches/scratchpad memories (less than 1 megabyte vs. 1-10 megabytes). In this book, we provide a high-level overview of current GPGPU architectures and programming models. We review the principles that are used in previous shared memory parallel platforms, focusing on recent results in both the theory and practice of parallel algorithms, and suggest a connection to GPGPU platforms. We aim to provide hints to architects about understanding algorithm aspect to GPGPU. We also provide detailed performance analysis and guide optimizations from high-level algorithms to low-level instruction level optimizations. As a case study, we use n-body particle simulations known as the fast multipole method (FMM) as an example. We also briefly survey the state-of-the-art in GPU performance analysis tools and techniques. Table of Contents: GPU Design, Programming, and Trends / Performance Principles / From Principles to Practice: Analysis and Tuning / Using Detailed Performance Analysis to Guide OptimizationTable of ContentsGPU Design, Programming, and Trends.- Performance Principles.- From Principles to Practice: Analysis and Tuning.- Using Detailed Performance Analysis to Guide Optimization.

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Book SynopsisThis book is intended for designers with experience in traditional (clocked) circuit design, seeking information about asynchronous circuit design, in order to determine if it would be advantageous to adopt asynchronous methodologies in their next design project. The author introduces a generic approach for implementing a deterministic completion detection scheme for asynchronous bundled data circuits that incorporates a data-dependent computational process, taking advantage of the average-case delay. The author validates the architecture using a barrel shifter, as shifting is the basic operation required by all the processors. The generic architecture proposed in this book for a deterministic completion detection scheme for bundled data circuits will facilitate researchers in considering the asynchronous design style for developing digital circuits.Table of Contents1) Introduction to asynchronous circuit design2) "Preliminary considerations for asynchronous circuit design"3) "Completion detection schemes for asynchronous design style"4) Case Studies: Barrel shifter and binary adders5) "Generic Architecture of deterministic completion detection scheme"6) "Architecture optimization using deterministic completion detection"7) Simulations

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Book SynopsisEngineering Senior Design is perhaps the course that most resembles what an engineering professional will be required to do during their career; it is the bridge between the academic classroom and the engineering profession. This textbook will support students as they learn to apply their previously-developed skills to solve a complex engineering problem during a senior-level design course. This textbook follows the design life cycle from project initiation to completion and introduces students to many soft engineering skills, such as communication, scheduling, and technical writing, in the context of an engineering design. Students are instructed how to define an engineering problem with a valid problem statement and requirements document. They will conceptualize a complex solution and divide that solution into manageable subsystems. More importantly, they will be introduced to Project Management techniques that will help students organize workloads, develop functional engineering-teams, and validate solutions, all while increasing the likelihood of a successful completion to the project. Throughout the experience, students are instructed that a well-intentioned solution is not particularly useful unless it can be communicated and documented. To that end, this textbook will help students document their work in a professional manner and to present their ideas to stakeholders in a variety of formal design-reviews. With the support of this textbook, by the end of a student’s senior design experience, each individual will be ready to communicate with other engineering professionals, effectively support engineering design-teams, and manage complex project to solve the next generation’s engineering challenges.Table of Contents1. ​Introduction to Senior Design2. Meeting your design team for the first time (How to run an effective meeting)3. Daily Documentation (Engineering Notebooks)4. The Initiation Phase5. The Planning Phase6. The Execution Phase7. The Closing Phase.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook demonstrates new paradigms for the interface between CMOS circuits and the biological world. A deep theoretical description of such an interface is defined and discussed, while various real applications are demonstrated by also discussing several analog CMOS circuits. Electrochemical techniques are proposed in detail to learn how to design integrated biosensors. Biological materials are described to provide devices selectivity. Nanoscale materials are discussed to provide device sensitivity. CMOS circuits are analyzed to provide real applications. Extensive examples with solutions are provided, as well as exercises at the end of each chapter. This book introduces students to the state-of-the-art in Bio/CMOS interfaces, describing leading-edge research in CMOS design and VLSI development for applications requiring intimate integration of biological molecules onto the chip. It provides multidisciplinary content ranging from biochemistry to CMOS design in order to address Bio/CMOS interface co-design in biosensing applications.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Chemistry of Conductive Solutions.- Biochemistry of Targets and Probes.- Target/Probe interactions.- Surface Immobilization of Probes.- Nano Technology to prevent Electron Transfer.- Bio/CMOS interface for Label-free Capacitance Sensing.- nanotechnology to enhance electron transfer.- Bio/CMOS interface in Constant Bias.-Bio/CMOS interface in Voltage Scan.- Appendix 1 - Basic Chemistry.- Appendix 2 - Basic Configurations of Operational Amplifiers.- Appendix 3 - The Fourier Theorem.- Appendix 4 - The Fourier and Laplace Transforms.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Reversible Computation, RC 2023, held in Giessen, Germany, during July 18–19, 2023.The 11 full papers and 3 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows:​ Foundations; Reversible Programming; Quantum Computing; and Quantum Circuits.Table of Contents​Invited Paper.- Energy complexity of computation.- Foundations.- Replications in Reversible Concurrent Calculi.- Towards a Taxonomy for Reversible Computation Approaches.- Computational Complexity of Reversible Reaction Systems.- Reversible Programming.- Optimization of Reversible Control Flow Graphs.- Tail recursion transformation for invertible functions.- Saving Memory Space in Deep Neural Networks by Recomputing: A Survey.- Towards a Dereversibilizer: Fewer Asserts, Statically.- Quantum Computing.- Quantum String Matching Unfolded and Extended.- Optimizing Quantum Space using Spooky Pebble Games.- Uncomputation in the Qrisp high-level Quantum Programming Framework.- Quantum Circuits.- Improved Synthesis of Tooli-Hadamard Circuits.- Implementation of a Reversible Distributed Calculus.- Improved Cost-Metric for Nearest Neighbor Mapping of Quantum Circuits to 2-Dimensional Hexagonal Architecture.- Exploiting the Benefits of Clean Ancilla Based Toffoli Gate Decomposition Across Architectures.

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Book SynopsisFoundations of Neuromorphic Computing.- Neuromorphic System Design Fundamentals.- Learning in Neuromorphic Computing Systems.- Emerging Memory Devices for Neuromorphic Systems.- Communication Networks for Neuromorphic Systems.- Fault-Tolerant Neuromorphic System Design.- Reconfigurable Neuromorphic Computing Systems.- Practical Design and Implementation of 3D-NoC-Based NeuromorphicSystem (RNASH).- Case Study: Advanced Neuromorphic Prosthetic Design.- Comprehensive Review of Neuromorphic Systems.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book makes powerful Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and reconfigurable technology accessible to software engineers by covering different state-of-the-art high-level synthesis approaches (e.g., OpenCL and several C-to-gates compilers). It introduces FPGA technology, its programming model, and how various applications can be implemented on FPGAs without going through low-level hardware design phases. Readers will get a realistic sense for problems that are suited for FPGAs and how to implement them from a software designer’s point of view. The authors demonstrate that FPGAs and their programming model reflect the needs of stream processing problems much better than traditional CPU or GPU architectures, making them well-suited for a wide variety of systems, from embedded systems performing sensor processing to large setups for Big Data number crunching. This book serves as an invaluable tool for software designers and FPGA design engineers who are interested in high design productivity through behavioural synthesis, domain-specific compilation, and FPGA overlays. Introduces FPGA technology to software developers by giving an overview of FPGA programming models and design tools, as well as various application examples; Provides a holistic analysis of the topic and enables developers to tackle the architectural needs for Big Data processing with FPGAs; Explains the reasons for the energy efficiency and performance benefits of FPGA processing; Provides a user-oriented approach and a sense for where and how to apply FPGA technology. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- CPUs, GPUs, CGRAs, Vector Processing, Systolic Arrays, FPGAs.- The von Neuman Model versus data stream processing.- FPGAs for software designers.- Languages, libraries, and compilers for specific problems.- Behavioral Compiler Capabilities and optimization strategies.- Mapping Approaches and Tools for Heterogeneous FPGAs.- Automatic Tool Flows.- Design frameworks, tools, and tool interaction.- Hardware Platforms.- Parallel Architectures and Overlays.- FPGA Virtualization.- Applications from a Programmers Point of View.- Future Directions.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes in detail all required technologies and methodologies needed to create a comprehensive, functional design verification strategy and environment to tackle the toughest job of guaranteeing first-pass working silicon. The author first outlines all of the verification sub-fields at a high level, with just enough depth to allow an engineer to grasp the field before delving into its detail. He then describes in detail industry standard technologies such as UVM (Universal Verification Methodology), SVA (SystemVerilog Assertions), SFC (SystemVerilog Functional Coverage), CDV (Coverage Driven Verification), Low Power Verification (Unified Power Format UPF), AMS (Analog Mixed Signal) verification, Virtual Platform TLM2.0/ESL (Electronic System Level) methodology, Static Formal Verification, Logic Equivalency Check (LEC), Hardware Acceleration, Hardware Emulation, Hardware/Software Co-verification, Power Performance Area (PPA) analysis on a virtual platform, Reuse Methodology from Algorithm/ESL to RTL, and other overall methodologies.Table of ContentsChapter 1.Introduction.- Chapter 2.Functional Verification- Challeenges and Solution.- Chapter 3.SystemVerilog Paradigm.- Chapter 4. UVM.- Chapter 5.CRV.- Chapter 6.SVA.- Chapter 7.SFC.- Chapter 8.CDC.- Chapter 9.Low Power Verification.- Chapter 10. Static Verification.- Chapter 11.ESL.- Chapter 12. Hardware/Software Co-verification.- Chapter 13.- Analog Mixed Signals Verification.- Chapter 14.- SOC Interconnect Verification.- Chapter 15. The Complete Product Design Lifecycle.- Chapter 16. Voice Over IP.- Chapter 17. Cache Memory Subsystem Verification: UVM Agent Based.- Chapter 18. Cache Memory Subsystem Verification: ISS Based.

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Book SynopsisDavid Trachtenherz entwickelt einen Lösungsansatz zur eigenschaftsorientierten Beschreibung der logischen Architektur eingebetteter Systeme, der eine präzise deklarative Spezifikation funktionaler Eigenschaften mit wählbarem Grad der Abstraktion für unterschiedliche Entwicklungsphasen und -ebenen ermöglicht.Table of ContentsLogische Architektur; Formale Grundlagen; Grundlagen eigenschaftsorientierter Architekturbeschreibung; Anschauliche Darstellung eigenschaftsorientierter Architekturspezifikation; Fallstudie ; Ströme und temporale Logik in Isabelle/HOL

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Book SynopsisIm Mittelpunkt steht das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen einerseits dem herkömmlichen Logikansatz mit Begriffen wie Signatur, Struktur, Wahrheitswert und andererseits dem eher dynamisch ausgerichteten Begriff des Kalküls, also zwischen Semantik und Syntax. Wie dieser Graben überwunden wird, wird für verschiedene auch nicht-klassische Logiken vorgeführt: Prädikatenlogik, modale, temporale, nichtmonotone, epistemische Logik und andere. Dadurch wird insbesondere auch eine einführende Übersicht über Logiken gegeben, die an manchen Stellen der Informatik benötigt werden, zu deren Verständnis man sich aber kein ganzes spezielles Buch anschaffen möchte. Das Buch enthält einen einheitlichen Ansatz für verschiedene Logiken. Table of ContentsAussagenlogik - Prädikatenlogik – SLD-Kalkül – Modale Logik – Temporale Logik – Epistemische Logik – Deontische Logik – Nichtmonotone Logik – Default-Logik

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Book SynopsisThis work is a comprehensive study of the field. It provides an entry point to the novice willing to move in the research field reconfigurable computing, FPGA and system on programmable chip design. The book can also be used as teaching reference for a graduate course in computer engineering, or as reference to advance electrical and computer engineers. It provides a very strong theoretical and practical background to the field, from the early Estrin’s machine to the very modern architecture such as embedded logic devices.Trade ReviewThe book by Christophe Bobda, however, has also been written for people with a software background, substantially reducing the educational leap by bridging the gap. His book has the potential to become a best-seller and to stimulate the urgently needed transformation of the software developer population’s mind set, by playing a similar role as known from the famous historic Mead-&-Conway textbook for the VLSI design revolution. Reiner Hartenstein, IEEE fellow, Professor, TU Kaiserslautern "Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. List of Figures. List of Tables. 1. INTRODUCTION. 1 General Purpose Computing. 2 Domain Specific Processors. 3 Application Specific Processors. 4 Reconfigurable Computing. 5 Fields of Application. 6 Organization of the book. 2. RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURES. 1 Early Work. 2 Simple Programmable Logic Devices. 3 Complex Programmable Logic Device. 4 Field Programmable Gate Arrays. 5 Coarse-grained reconfigurable devices. 6 Conclusion. 3. IMPLEMENTATION. 1 Integration. 2 FPGA Design Flow. 3 Logic Synthesis. 4 Conclusion. 4. HIGH-LEVEL SYNTHESIS FOR RECONFIGURABLE DEVICES. 1 Modelling. 2 Temporal partitioning algorithms. 3 Conclusion. 5. TEMPORAL PLACEMENT. 1 Off-Line Temporal Placement. 2 On-Line Temporal Placement. 3 Managing the Device’s Free Space with Empty Rectangles. 4 Managing the Device’s Occupied Space. 5 Conclusion. 6. ON-LINE COMMUNICATION. 1 Direct Communication. 2 Communication Over Third Party. 3 Bus-based Communication. 4 Circuit Switching. 5 Network on Chip. 6 The Dynamic Network on Chip (DyNoC). 7 Routing Packets. 8 Analysis of efficiency. 9 DyNoC Implementation on FPGAs. 10 Conclusion. 7. PARTIAL RECONFIGURATION DESIGN. 1 Partial Reconfiguration on Virtex Devices. 2 Bitstream Manipulation with JBits. 3 The Modular Design Flow. 4 The Early Access Design Flow. 5 Creating partially reconfigurable designs. 6 Partial Reconfiguration using Handel-C Designs. 7 Platform design. 8 Enhancement in the Platform Design. 9 Conclusion. 8. SYSTEM ONA PROGRAMMABLE CHIP. 1 Introduction to SoPC. 2 Adaptive Multiprocessing on Chip. 3 Conclusion. 9. APPLICATIONS. 1 Pattern Matching. 2 Video Streaming. 3 Distributed Arithmetic. 4 Adaptive controller. 5 Adaptive Cryptographic Systems. 6 Software Defined Radio. 7 High Performance Computing. 8 Conclusion References. Appendices. A Hints to Labs. 1 Prerequisites. 2 Reorganization of the project Video8nonpr. B Party. C QuickPart-YTutorial.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the latest techniques for machine learning based data analytics on IoT edge devices. A comprehensive literature review on neural network compression and machine learning accelerator is presented from both algorithm level optimization and hardware architecture optimization. Coverage focuses on shallow and deep neural network with real applications on smart buildings. The authors also discuss hardware architecture design with coverage focusing on both CMOS based computing systems and the new emerging Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) based systems. Detailed case studies such as indoor positioning, energy management and intrusion detection are also presented for smart buildings.Table of ContentsComputing on Edge Devices in Internet-of-things (IoT).- The Rise of Machine Learning in IoT system.- Least-squares-solver for Shadow Neural Network.- Tensor-solver for Deep Neural Network.- Distributed-solver for Networked Neural Network.- Conclusion.

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