Communications engineering / telecommunications Books

Book SynopsisOffers an account of how the Internet is transforming gossip, the way we shame others, and our ability to protect our own reputations. Focusing on blogs, Internet communities, and cybermobs, this book shows that, ironically, the unconstrained flow of information on the Internet may impede opportunities for self-development and freedom.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“An essential primer and a great read. Highly recommended."—Tim Wu, author of The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires"Pickard and Berman have written the best introduction to net neutrality and the broader policymaking surrounding the internet that I have ever read. It is perfect for students or citizens eager to understand some of the most important issues of our times. Must reading."—Robert W. McChesney, author of Digital Disconnect: How Capitalism is Turning the Internet Against Democracy"Want to know how the internet went from democracy's promise to democracy’s peril? It's all right here in an eminently readable and essential book. And a plan for action, too!"—Hon. Michael J. Copps, former FCC Commissioner

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Book SynopsisAn illuminating vision of the next information revolution, centered on fiber optic infrastructureTrade Review“A timely and urgent look at how America is sacrificing its digital future, productivity, connectivity, social mobility, entrepreneurial growth, education, and every other public good, thanks to rapacious telcos, scumbag lobbyists, and negligent, cash-hungry politicians. . . . You should be reading this.”—Cory Doctorow, Boing Boing“I thoroughly enjoyed this volume from start to finish and recommend it as an excellent addition to any bookshelf.” —Courteney J. O’Connor, LSE Review of Books “If we can just finish the last mile for fiber to reach into households, Susan Crawford shows, we can unleash a revolution of economic growth, education, and health, and address inequality in a whole new way. Crawford shifts effortlessly from the heights of policy to the literal ground level and shows us the way.”—Anthony Marx, President, New York Public Library "By vividly describing a world filled with fiber-enabled technology as well as the perils and possibilities for achieving it, Susan Crawford has written a playbook for a fairer and more prosperous United States."—Andy Berke, Mayor, Chattanooga, Tennessee“Engaging and accessible … An indictment of national regulatory politics and crony capitalism and a love story about the plucky local governments overcoming the odds to bring their own communities into the twenty-first century. A microcosm of what ails America—and what nonetheless can give us hope.”—Yochai Benkler, Harvard Law School

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Book SynopsisComputer Simulation.- Basic Probability.- Conditional Probability.- Discrete Random Variables.- Expected Values for Discrete Random Variables.- Multiple Discrete Random Variables.- Conditional Probability Mass Functions.- Discrete N-Dimensional Random Variables.- Continuous Random Variables.- Expected Values for Continuous Random Variables.- Multiple Continuous Random Variables.- Conditional Probability Density Functions.- Continuous N-Dimensional Random Variables.- Probability and Moment Approximations Using Limit Theorems.- Basic Random Processes.- Wide Sense Stationary Random Processes.- Linear Systems and Wide Sense Stationary Random Processes.- Multiple Wide Sense Stationary Random Processes.- Gaussian Random Processes.- Poisson Random Processes.- Markov Chains.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:"The book is composed of 22 chapters. … This is a very readable book. … Kay’s book undoubtedly will see its greatest use in engineering schools, but I think it would work nicely in other settings as well. … It is written in a clear and informal style that students will appreciate, its coverage is excellent, and the author’s stated objective (to lessen the difficulty that students usually experience assimilating and applying probability and random processes) will, I predict, be met." (Ralph P. Russo, The American Statistician, Vol. 62 (2), May, 2008)“Kay’s book occupies a unique place in the overcrowded market of textbooks on probability and random processes. … This new textbook is a breath of fresh air in the market of books devoted to probability and random processes. The book lives up to its ambition of setting a new standard for a modern, computer-based treatment of the subject. … I fully recommend its use in undergraduate and first-year graduate courses.” (Osvaldo Simeone, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Vol. 27, June, 2007)Table of ContentsComputer Simulation.- Basic Probability.- Conditional Probability.- Discrete Random Variables.- Expected Values for Discrete Random Variables.- Multiple Discrete Random Variables.- Conditional Probability Mass Functions.- Discrete N-Dimensional Random Variables.- Continuous Random Variables.- Expected Values for Continuous Random Variables.- Multiple Continuous Random Variables.- Conditional Probability Density Functions.- Continuous N-Dimensional Random Variables.- Probability and Moment Approximations Using Limit Theorems.- Basic Random Processes.- Wide Sense Stationary Random Processes.- Linear Systems and Wide Sense Stationary Random Processes.- Multiple Wide Sense Stationary Random Processes.- Gaussian Random Processes.- Poisson Random Processes.- Markov Chains.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an evolution from my book A First Course in Information Theory published in 2002 when network coding was still at its infancy.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "This book could serve as a reference in the general area of information theory and would be of interest to electrical engineers, computer engineers, or computer scientists with an interest in information theory. Each chapter has an appropriate problem set at the end and a brief paragraph that provides insight into the historical significance of the material covered therein. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate through professional collections." (J. Beidler, Choice, Vol. 46 (9), May, 2009) "The book consisting of 21 chapters is divided into two parts. Part I, Components of Information Theory … . Part II Fundamentals of Network Coding … . A comprehensive instructor’s manual is available. This is a well planned comprehensive book on the subject. The writing style of the author is quite reader friendly. … it is a welcome addition to the subject and will be very useful to students as well as to the researchers in the field." (Arjun K. Gupta, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1154, 2009)Table of ContentsThe Science of Information.- The Science of Information.- Fundamentals of Network Coding.- Information Measures.- Information Measures.- Zero-Error Data Compression.- Weak Typicality.- Strong Typicality.- Discrete Memoryless Channels.- Rate-Distortion Theory.- The Blahut–Arimoto Algorithms.- Differential Entropy.- Continuous-Valued Channels.- Markov Structures.- Information Inequalities.- Shannon-Type Inequalities.- Beyond Shannon-Type Inequalities.- Entropy and Groups.- Fundamentals of Network Coding.- The Max-Flow Bound.- Single-Source Linear Network Coding: Acyclic Networks.- Single-Source Linear Network Coding: Cyclic Networks.- Multi-source Network Coding.

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Book SynopsisCoding for MIMO Communication Systems is a comprehensive introduction and overview to the various emerging coding techniques developed for MIMO communication systems. The basics of wireless communications and fundamental issues of MIMO channel capacity are introduced and the space-time block and trellis coding techniques are covered in detail.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors. Preface. List of Figures. List of Tables. Notation. Abbreviations. 1 Overview. 1.1 Need for MIMO Systems. 1.2 MIMO Communications in Wireless Standards . 1.3 Organization of the Book. 1.4 Other Topics in MIMO Systems. 2 Fading Channels and Diversity Techniques. 2.1 Wireless Channels. 2.1.1 Path Loss, Shadowing and Small Scale Fading. 2.1.2 Fading Channel Models. 2.2 Error/Outage Probabilities over Fading Channels. 2.2.1 Outage Probability for Rayleigh Fading Channels. 2.2.2 Average Error Probabilities over Rayleigh Fading Channels. 2.2.3 Extensions to Other Fading Channels. 2.2.4 Performance over Frequency Selective Fading Channels. 2.3 Diversity Techniques. 2.3.1 Types of Diversity. 2.3.2 System Model for Lth Order Diversity. 2.3.3 Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC). 2.3.4 Suboptimal Combining Algorithms. 2.3.5 Selection Combining. 2.3.6 Examples. 2.4 Channel Coding as a Means of Time Diversity. 2.4.1 Block Coding over a Fully Interleaved Channel. 2.4.2 Convolutional Coding. 2.5 Multiple Antennas in Wireless Communications. 2.5.1 Receive Diversity. 2.5.2 Smart Antennas and Beamforming. 2.6 Chapter Summary and Further Reading . 3 Capacity and Information Rates of MIMO Channels. 3.1 Capacity and Information Rates of Noisy Channels. 3.2 Capacity and Information Rates of AWGN and Fading Channels. 3.2.1 AWGN Channels. 3.2.2 Fading Channels. 3.3 Capacity of MIMO Channels. 3.3.1 Deterministic MIMO Channels. 3.3.2 Ergodic MIMO Channels. 3.3.3 Non-Ergodic MIMO Channels and Outage Capacity. 3.3.4 Transmit CSI for MIMO Fading Channels. 3.4 Constrained Signaling for MIMO Communications. 3.5 Discussion: Why Use MIMO Systems? 3.6 Chapter Summary and Further Reading. 4 Space-Time Block Codes. 4.1 Transmit Diversity with Two Antennas: The Alamouti Scheme. 4.1.1 Transmission Scheme. 4.1.2 Optimal Receiver for the Alamouti Scheme. 4.1.3 Performance Analysis of the Alamouti Scheme. 4.1.4 Examples. 4.2 Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes. 4.2.1 Linear Orthogonal Designs. 4.2.2 Decoding of General Space-Time Block Codes. 4.2.3 Performance Analysis of Space-Time Block Codes. 4.2.4 Examples. 4.3 Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes. 4.4 Linear Dispersion Codes. 4.5 Chapter Summary and Further Reading. 5 Space-Time Trellis Codes. 5.1 A Simple Space-Time Trellis Code. 5.2 General Space-Time Trellis Codes. 5.2.1 Notation and Preliminaries. 5.2.2 Decoding of Space-Time Trellis Codes. 5.3 Basic Space-Time Code Design Principles. 5.3.1 Pairwise Error Probability. 5.3.2 Space-Time Code Design Principles. 5.3.3 Examples of Good Space-Time Codes. 5.3.4 Space-Time Trellis Codes for Fast Fading Channels. 5.4 Representation for Space-Time Trellis Codes for PSK Constellations. 5.4.1 Generator Matrix Representation. 5.4.2 Improved Space-Time Code Design. 5.5 Performance Analysis for Space-Time Trellis Codes. 5.5.1 Union Bound for Space-Time Trellis Codes. 5.5.2 Useful Performance Bounds for Space-Time Trellis Codes. 5.5.3 Examples. 5.6 Comparison of Space-Time Block and Trellis Codes. 5.7 Chapter Summary and Further Reading. 6 Layered Space-Time Codes. 6.1 Basic Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (BLAST) Architectures. 6.1.1 VBLAST/HBLAST/SCBLAST. 6.1.2 Detection Algorithms for Basic BLAST Architectures. 6.1.3 Examples. 6.2 Diagonal BLAST (DBLAST). 6.2.1 Detection Algorithms for DBLAST. 6.2.2 Examples. 6.3 Multilayered Space-Time Coding. 6.3.1 Encoder Structure. 6.3.2 Group Interference Cancellation Detection. 6.3.3 Example. 6.4 Threaded Space-Time Codes. 6.4.1 Layering Approach. 6.4.2 Threaded Space-Time Code Design. 6.4.3 Example. 6.4.4 Detection of Threaded Space-Time Codes. 6.5 Other Detection Algorithms for Spatial Multiplexing Systems. 6.5.1 Greedy Detection. 6.5.2 Belief Propagation Detection. 6.5.3 Turbo-BLAST Detection. 6.5.4 Reduced Complexity ZF/MMSE Detection. 6.5.5 Sphere Decoding. 6.6 Diversity/Multiplexing Gain Trade-off . 6.7 Chapter Summary and Further Reading. 7 Concatenated Codes and Iterative Decoding. 7.1 Development of Concatenated Codes. 7.2 Concatenated Codes for AWGN Channels. 7.2.1 Encoder Structures. 7.2.2 Iterative Decoder Structures. 7.2.3 The SOVA Decoder. 7.2.4 Performance with Maximum Likelihood Decoding. 7.2.5 Examples. 7.3 Concatenated Codes for MIMO Channels. 7.3.1 Concatenated Space-Time Turbo Coding Scheme. 7.3.2 Turbo Space-Time Trellis Coding Scheme. 7.3.3 Turbo Space-Time Coding Scheme. 7.4 Turbo Coded Modulation for MIMO Channels. 7.4.1 Encoder Structure. 7.4.2 Decoder Structure. 7.4.3 Examples. 7.5 Concatenated Space-Time Block Coding. 7.5.1 Encoder Structure. 7.5.2 Decoder Structure. 7.5.3 Performance Analysis. 7.5.4 Examples. 7.6 Chapter Summary and Further Reading. 8 Unitary and Differential Space-Time Codes. 8.1 Capacity of Noncoherent MIMO Channels. 8.1.1 Channel Capacity. 8.1.2 Capacity Achieving Signals. 8.2 Unitary Space-Time Codes. 8.2.1 USTC Encoder. 8.2.2 ML Detection of USTCs. 8.2.3 Performance Analysis. 8.2.4 Construction of Unitary Space-Time Signals. 8.2.5 Examples. 8.3 Differential Space-Time Codes. 8.3.1 Differential Space-Time Coding for Single Antenna Systems. 8.3.2 Differential Space-Time Coding for MIMO Systems. 8.4 Turbo Coded Unitary Space-Time Codes. 8.4.1 Encoder Structure. 8.4.2 Noncoherent Iterative Decoder. 8.4.3 Example. 8.5 Trellis Coded Unitary Space-Time Codes. 8.6 Turbo Coded Differential Space-Time Codes. 8.6.1 Encoder Structure. 8.6.2 Iterative Detectors. 8.7 Chapter Summary and Further Reading. 9 Space-Time Coding for Frequency Selective Fading Channels. 9.1 MIMO Frequency Selective Channels. 9.2 Capacity and Information Rates of MIMO Frequency Selective Fading Channels. 9.2.1 Information Rates with Gaussian Inputs. 9.2.2 Achievable Information Rates with Practical Constellations. 9.2.3 Examples. 9.3 Space-Time Coding for MIMO FS Channels. 9.3.1 Interpretation of MIMO FS Channels Using Virtual Antennas. 9.3.2 A Simple Full Diversity Code for MIMO FS Channels. 9.3.3 Space-Time Trellis Codes for MIMO FS Channels. 9.3.4 Concatenated Coding for MIMO FS Channels. 9.3.5 Spatial Multiplexing for MIMO FS Channels. 9.4 Channel Detection for MIMO FS Channels. 9.4.1 Linear Equalization for MIMO FS Channels. 9.4.2 Decision Feedback Equalization for MIMO FS Channels. 9.4.3 Soft Input Soft Output Channel Detection. 9.4.4 Other Reduced Complexity Approaches. 9.5 MIMO OFDM Systems. 9.5.1 MIMO-OFDM Channel Model. 9.5.2 Space-Frequency Coding. 9.5.3 Challenges in MIMO-OFDM. 9.6 Chapter Summary and Further Reading. 10 Practical Issues in MIMO Communications. 10.1 Channel State Information Estimation. 10.1.1 CSI Estimation Using Pilot Tones. 10.1.2 What to Do with CSI? 10.1.3 Space-Time Coding Examples with Estimated CSI. 10.2 Spatial Channel Correlation for MIMO Systems. 10.2.1 Measurements and Modeling of Spatial Correlation. 10.2.2 Spatial Channel Correlation Models. 10.2.3 Channel Capacity with Spatial Correlation. 10.2.4 Space-Time Code Performance with Spatial Correlation. 10.3 Temporal Channel Correlation. 10.4 MIMO Communication System Design Issues. 10.5 Chapter Summary and Further Reading. 11 Antenna Selection for MIMO Systems. 11.1 Capacity-based Antenna Selection. 11.1.1 System Model. 11.1.2 Optimal Selection. 11.1.3 Simplified (Suboptimal) Selection. 11.1.4 Examples. 11.2 Energy-based Antenna Selection. 11.3 Antenna Selection for Space-Time Trellis Codes. 11.3.1 Quasi-Static Fading Channels. 11.3.2 Block Fading Channels. 11.3.3 Fast Fading Channels. 11.3.4 Examples. 11.4 Antenna Selection for Space-Time Block Codes. 11.4.1 Receive Antenna Selection. 11.4.2 Transmit Antenna Selection. 11.4.3 Examples. 11.5 Antenna Selection for Combined Channel Coding and Orthogonal STBCs. 11.5.1 Performance Analysis. 11.5.2 Examples. 11.6 Antenna Selection for Frequency Selective Channels. 11.7 Antenna Selection with Nonidealities. 11.7.1 Impact of Spatial Correlation. 11.7.2 Example. 11.7.3 Impact of Channel Estimation Error. 11.8 Chapter Summary and Further Reading. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisWhen Speech and Audio Signal Processing published in 1999, it stood out from its competition in its breadth of coverage and its accessible, intutiont-based style. This book was aimed at individual students and engineers excited about the broad span of audio processing and curious to understand the available techniques. Since then, with the advent of the iPod in 2001, the field of digital audio and music has exploded, leading to a much greater interest in the technical aspects of audio processing. This Second Edition will update and revise the original book to augment it with new material describing both the enabling technologies of digital music distribution (most significantly the MP3) and a range of exciting new research areas in automatic music content processing (such as automatic transcription, music similarity, etc.) that have emerged in the past five years, driven by the digital music revolution. New chapter topics include: PsychoacTable of ContentsPREFACE TO THE 2011 EDITION xxi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 PART I HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CHAPTER 2 SYNTHETIC A UDIO: A BRIEF HISTORY 9 CHAPTER 3 SPEECH ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OVERVIEW 21 CHAPTER 4 BRIEF HISTORY OF AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION 40 CHAPTER 5 SPEECH-RECOGNITION OVERVIEW 59 PART II MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND CHAPTER 6 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 73 CHAPTER 7 DIGITAL FILTERSAND DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM 87 CHAPTER 8 PATTERN CLASSIFICATION 105 CHAPTER 9 STATISTICAL PATTERN CLASSIFICATION 124 PART III ACOUSTICS CHAPTER 10 WAVE BASICS 141 CHAPTER 11 ACOUSTIC TUBE MODELING OF SPEECH PRODUCTION 152 CHAPTER 12 MUSICAL INSTRUMENT ACOUSTICS 158 CHAPTER 13 ROOM ACOUSTICS 179 PART IV AUDITORY PERCEPTION CHAPTER 14 EAR PHYSIOLOGY 193 CHAPTER 15 PSYCHOACOUSTICS 209 CHAPTER 16 MODELS OF PITCH PERCEPTION 218 CHAPTER 17 SPEECH PERCEPTION 232 CHAPTER 18 HUMAN SPEECH RECOGNITION 250 PART V SPEECH FEATURES CHAPTER 19 THE AUDITORY SYSTEM AS A FILTER BANK 263 CHAPTER 20 THE CEPSTRUM AS A SPECTRAL ANALYZER 277 CHAPTER 21 LINEAR PREDICTION 286 PART VI A UTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION CHAPTER 22 FEATURE EXTRACTION FOR ASR 301 CHAPTER 23 LINGUISTIC CATEGORIES FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION 319 CHAPTER 24 DETERMINISTIC SEQUENCE RECOGNITION FOR ASR 337 CHAPTER 25 STATISTICAL SEQUENCE RECOGNITION 350 CHAPTER 26 STATISTICAL MODEL TRAINING 364 CHAPTER 27 DISCRIMINANT ACOUSTIC PROBABILITY ESTIMATION 381 CHAPTER 28 ACOUSTIC MODEL TRAINING: FURTHER TOPICS 394 CHAPTER 29 SPEECH RECOGNITION AND UNDERSTANDING 416 PART VII SYNTHESIS AND CODING CHAPTER 30 SPEECH SYNTHESIS 431 CHAPTER 31 PITCH DETECTION 455 CHAPTER 32 VOCODERS 473 CHAPTER 33 LOW-RATE VOCODERS 493 CHAPTER 34 MEDIUM-RATE AND HIGH-RATE VOCODERS 505 CHAPTER 35 PERCEPTUAL A UDIO CODING 531 PART VIII OTHER APPLICATIONS CHAPTER 36 SOME ASPECTS OF COMPUTER MUSIC SYNTHESIS 553 CHAPTER 37 MUSIC SIGNAL ANALYSIS 567 CHAPTER 38 MUSIC RETRIEVAL 581 CHAPTER 39 SOURCE SEPARATION 59 CHAPTER 40 SPEECH TRANSFORMATIONS 617 CHAPTER 41 SPEAKER VERIFICATION 633 CHAPTER 42 SPEAKER DIARIZATION 644

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a concise guide to the IP Multicast technology and its applications. It is an updated survey of the field with the underlying focus on IP-based Television (IPTV), and Digital Video Broadcast - Handheld (DVB-H) applications. Written by a well-known author with a proven track record in this field. .Table of ContentsPreface xiii About the Author xv 1 Introduction to Ip Multicast 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Why Multicast Protocols are Wanted/Needed 3 1.3 Basic Multicast Protocols and Concepts 5 1.4 IPTV and DVB-H Applications 11 1.5 Course of Investigation 21 Appendix 1.A: Multicast IETF Request for Comments 21 Appendix 1.B: Multicast Bibliography 23 References 23 2 Multicast Addressing for Payload 26 2.1 IP Multicast Addresses 26 2.1.1 Limited Scope Addresses 29 2.1.2 GLOP Addressing 30 2.1.3 Generic IPv4 Addressing 30 2.2 Layer 2 Multicast Addresses 31 2.2.1 Ethernet MAC Address Mapping 31 2.3 MPEG-Layer Addresses 33 References 38 3 Multicast Payload Forwarding 39 3.1 Multicasting on a LAN Segment 40 3.2 Multicasting between Network Segments 40 3.3 Multicast Distribution Trees 41 3.4 Multicast Forwarding: Reverse Path Forwarding 47 3.5 Multicast Forwarding: Center-Based Tree Algorithm 48 3.6 Implementing IP Multicast in a Network 49 References 50 4 Dynamic Host Registration—internet Group Management Protocol 51 4.1 IGMP Messages 52 4.2 IGMPv3 Messages 55 4.3 IGMP Operation 61 Appendix 4.A: Protocol Details for IGMPv 2 63 4.A.1 Overview 63 4.A.2 Protocol Description 64 4.A.3 Receiver (Host) State Diagram 65 4.A.4 Router State Diagram 69 Appendix 4.B: IGMP Snooping Switches 72 Appendix 4.C: Example of Router Configurations 76 References 77 5 Multicast Routing—sparse-mode Protocols: Protocol Independent Multicast 78 5.1 Introduction to PIM 79 5.2 PIM SM Details 83 5.2.1 Approach 86 5.2.2 PIM SM Protocol Overview 86 5.2.3 Detailed Protocol Description 94 5.2.4 Packet Formats 114 References 124 6 Multicast Routing—sparse-mode Protocols: Core-based Trees 125 6.1 Motivation 126 6.2 Basic Operation 127 6.3 CBT Components and Functions 129 6.3.1 CBT Control Message Retransmission Strategy 131 6.3.2 Nonmember Sending 131 6.4 Core Router Discovery 131 6.5 Protocol Specification Details 132 6.5.1 CBT HELLO Protocol 133 6.5.2 JOIN_REQUEST Processing 134 6.5.3 JOIN_ACK Processing 135 6.5.4 QUIT_NOTIFICATION Processing 135 6.5.5 ECHO_REQUEST Processing 136 6.5.6 ECHO_REPLY Processing 137 6.5.7 FLUSH_TREE Processing 137 6.5.8 Nonmember Sending 138 6.5.9 Timers and Default Values 138 6.5.10 CBT Packet Formats and Message Types 138 6.5.11 Core Router Discovery 142 6.6 CBT Version 3 145 6.6.1 The First Step: Joining the Tree 145 6.6.2 Transient State 146 6.6.3 Getting ‘‘On Tree’’ 146 6.6.4 Pruning and Prune State 147 6.6.5 The Forwarding Cache 147 6.6.6 Packet Forwarding 148 6.6.7 The ‘‘Keepalive’’ Protocol 148 6.6.8 Control Message Precedence and Forwarding Criteria 149 6.6.9 Broadcast LANs 149 6.6.10 The ‘‘all-cbt-routers’’ Group 150 6.6.11 Nonmember Sending 150 References 151 7 Multicast Routing—dense-mode Protocols: Pim Dm 152 7.1 Overview 152 7.2 Basic PIM DM Behavior 153 7.3 Protocol Specification 155 7.3.1 PIM Protocol State 156 7.3.2 Data Packet Forwarding Rules 158 7.3.3 Hello Messages 159 7.3.4 PIM DM Prune, Join, and Graft Messages 160 7.3.5 State Refresh 170 7.3.6 PIM Assert Messages 175 7.3.7 PIM Packet Formats 182 References 184 8 other Dense-mode Multicast Routing Protocols: Dvmrp and Mospf 185 8.1 Distance Vector Multicast Algorithm 185 8.1.1 Overview 185 8.1.2 Basic DVMRP Operation 186 8.2 Multicast OSPF 190 References 193 9 IP MULTICASTING IN IPv6 ENVIRONMENTS 194 9.1 Opportunities Offered by IPv 6 194 9.2 Introductory Overview of IPv 6 196 9.2.1 IPv6 Benefits 197 9.2.2 Traditional Addressing Classes for IPv 4 198 9.2.3 Network Address Translation Issues in IPv 4 199 9.2.4 IPv6 Address Space 200 9.2.5 Basic Protocol Constructs 201 9.2.6 IPv6 Autoconfiguration 204 9.3 Migration and Coexistence 208 9.4 Multicast with IPv 6 211 9.4.1 IPv6 Multicast Addresses 211 9.4.2 MAC Layer Addresses 211 9.4.3 Signaling 213 9.4.4 RP Approaches 213 References 213 10 Multicast Listener Discovery 215 10.1 Overview of MLDv 1 216 10.2 Message Format 216 10.3 Protocol Description 218 10.4 Node State Transition Diagram 220 10.5 Router State Transition Diagram 223 10.6 Overview of MLDv 2 226 10.6.1 Protocol Overview 227 10.6.2 Building Multicast Listening State on Multicast Address Listeners 228 10.6.3 Exchanging Messages between the Querier and the Listening Nodes 228 10.6.4 Building Multicast Address Listener State on Multicast Routers 230 10.7 Source Filtering 232 References 233 11 Iptv Applications 234 11.1 Overview and Motivation 234 11.2 Basic Architecture 236 11.2.1 Content Aggregation Subsystem 244 11.2.2 Uniform Transcoding Subsystem 245 11.2.3 Conditional-Access Management Subsystem 251 11.2.4 Encapsulation Subsystem 258 11.2.5 Long-Haul Distribution Subsystem 262 11.2.6 Local Distribution Subsystem 264 11.2.7 Middleware Subsystem 267 11.2.8 Set-Top Boxes 267 11.2.9 Catcher (for VoD Services) 269 Appendix 11.A: Serial Digital Interface Basics 269 Appendix 11.B: MPEG Basics 271 11.B.1 MPEG-2 Transport/Multiplexing Mechanisms 271 11.B.2 IPTV/IP Transmission over TS Logical Channels 279 11.B.3 Compression Technology 281 Appendix 11.C: Encapsulation for Transmission of IP Datagrams over MPEG-2/DVB Networks 298 References 300 12 Dvb-h: High-quality TV to Cell Phones 303 12.1 Background and Motivation 304 12.2 Basic DVB-H Technology 311 12.2.1 DVB-H Mobile Devices 315 Appendix 12.A: Open Mobile Video Coalition Efforts 317 References 318 Glossary 319 Index 349

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Book SynopsisA collection of tutorial articles on recent advancements and state-of-the-art results Provides a comprehensive overview of sensor and array processing. Covers fundamental principles as well as applications. Features some of the most prominent researchers from different centers in North America and Europe.Trade Review"The book's 28 chapters are written mostly in a tutorial style. Thus, they will particularly benefit students and newcomers to any of the application fields detailed in Parts 2 and 4." (Computing Reviews, June 2010) "Haykin and Liu's book is a very useful tool, not only for researchers and experts in the field, but also for graduate students interested in advanced signal processing and networking topics." (Computing Reviews, June 2010)Table of ContentsPreface (Simon Haykin and K. J. Ray Liu). Contributors. Introduction (Simon Haykin). PART I: FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN ARRAY SIGNAL PROCESSING. 1. Wavefields. (Alfred Hanssen). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Harmonizable Stochastic Processes. 1.3 Stochastic Wavefields. 1.4 Wave Dispersion. 1.5 Conclusions. 1.6 Acknowledgements. References. 2. Spatial Spectrum Estimation (Petar M. Djurić). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Fundamentals. 2.3 Temporal Spectrum Estimation. 2.4 Spatial Spectrum Estimation. 2.5 Final Remarks. References. 3. MIMO Radio Propagation (Tricia J. Willink). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Space-Time Propagation Environment. 3.3 Propagation Models. 3.4 Measured Channel Characteristics. 3.5 Stationarity. 3.6 Summary. References. 4. Robustness Issues in Sensor Array Processing (Alex B. Gershman). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Direction-of-Arrival Estimation. 4.3 Adaptive Beamforming. 4.4 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 5. Wireless Communication and Sensing in Multipath Environments Using Multiantenna Transceivers (Akbar M. Sayeed and Thiagarajan Sivanadyan). 5.1 Introduction and Overview. 5.2 Multipath Wireless Channel Modeling in Time, Frequency and Space. 5.3 Point-to-Point MIMO Wireless Communication Systems. 5.4 Active Wireless Sensing with Wideband MIMO Transceivers. 5.5 Concluding Remarks. References. PART II: NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR AND APPLICATIONS OF ARRAY SIGNAL PROCESSING. 6. Implicit Training and Array Processing for Digital Communication Systems (Aldo G. Orozco-Lugo, Mauricio Lara, and Desmond C. McLernon). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Classification of Implicit Training Methods. 6.3 IT-Based Estimation for a Single User. 6.4 IT-Based Estimation for Multiple Users Exploiting Array Processing: Continuous Transmission. 6.5 IT-Based Estimation for Multiple Users Exploiting Array Processing: Packet Transmission. 6.6 Open Research Problems. Acknowledgments. References. 7. Unitary Design of Radar Waveform Diversity Sets (Michael D. Zoltowski, Tariq R. Qureshi, Robert Calderbank, and Bill Moran). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 2 x 2 Space-Time Diversity Waveform Design. 7.3 4 x 4 Space-Time Diversity Waveform Design. 7.4 Waveform Families Based on Kronecker Products. 7.5 Introduction to Data-Dependent Waveform Design. 7.6 3 x 3 and 6 x 6 Waveform Scheduling. 7.7 Summary. References. 8. Acoustic Array Processing for Speech Enhancement (Markus Buck, Eberhard Hänsler, Mohamed Krini, Gerhard Schmidt and Tobias Wolff). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Signal Processing in the Subband Domain. 8.3 Multichannel Echo Cancelation. 8.4 Speaker Localization. 8.5 Beamforming. 8.6 Sensor Calibration. 8.7 Postprocessing. 8.8 Conclusions. References. 9. Acoustic Beamforming for Hearing Aid Applications (Simon Doclo, Sharon Gannot, Marc Moonen and Ann Spriet). 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. Overview of noise reduction techniques. 9.3. Monaural beamforming. 9.4. Binaural beamforming. 9.5. Conclusion. 10. Undetermined Blind Source Separation Using Acoustic Arrays (Shoji Makino, Shoko Araki, Stefan Winter and Hiroshi Sawada). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Underdetermined Blind Source Separation of Speeches in Reverberant Environments. 10.3 Sparseness of Speech Sources. 10.4 Binary Mask Approach to Underdetermined BSS. 10.5 MAP-Based Two-Stage Approach to Underdetermined BSS. 10.6 Experimental Comparison with Binary Mask Approach and MAP-Based Two-Stage Approach. 10.7 Concluding Remarks. References. 11. Array Processing in Astronomy (Douglas C.-J. Bock). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Correlation Arrays. 11.3 Aperture Plane Phased Arrays. 11.4 Future Directions. 11.5 Conclusion. References. 12. Digital 3D/4D Ultrasound Imaging Array (Stergios Stergiopoulos). 12.1 Background. 12.2 Next Generation 3D/4D Ultrasound Imaging Technology. 12.3 Computing Architecture and Implementation Issues. 12.4 An Experimental Planar Array Ultrasound Imaging System. 12.5 Conclusion. References. PART III: FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS. 13. Self-Localization of Sensor Networks (Josh N. Ash and Randolph L. Moses). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Measurement Types and Performance Bounds. 13.3 Localization Algorithms. 13.4 Relative and Transformation Error Decomposition. 13.5 Conclusions. References. 14. Multitarget Tracking and Classification in Collaborative Sensor Networks via Sequential Monte Carlo (Tom Vercauteren and Xiaodong Wang). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 System Description and Problem Formulation. 14.3 Sequential Monte Carlo Methods. 14.4 Joint Single-Target Tracking and Classification. 14.5 Multiple-Target Tracking and Classification. 14.6 Sensor Selection. 14.7 Simulation Results. Conclusion. Appendix: Derviations of (14.38 and (14.40). References. 15. Energy-Efficient Decentralized Estimation (Jin-Jun Xiao, Shuguang Cui and Zhi-Quan Luo). 15.5 Introduction. 15.2 System Model. 15.3 Digital Approaches. 15.4 Analog Approaches. 15.5 Analog versus Digital. 15.6 Extension to Vector Model. 15.7 Concluding Remarks. Acknowledgments. References. 16. Sensor Data Fusion with Application to Multitarget Tracking (R. Tharmarasa, K. Punithakumar, T. Kirubarajan and Y. Bar-Shalom). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Tracking Filters. 16.3 Data Association. 16.4 Out-of-Sequence Measurements. 16.5 Results with Real Data. 16.6 Summary. References. 17. Distributed Algorithms in Sensor Networks (Usman A. Khan, Soummya Kar and José Moura). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Preliminaries. 17.3 Distributed Detection. 17.4 Consensus Algorithms. 17.5 Zero-Dimension (Average) Consensus. 17.6 Consensus in Higher Dimensions. 17.7 Leader-Follower (Type) Algorithms. 17.8 Localization in Sensor Networks. 17.9 Linear System of Equations: Distributed Algorithm. 17.10 Conclusions. References. 18. Cooperative Sensor Communications (Ahmed K. Sadek, Weifeng Su and K. J. Ray Liu). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Cooperative Relay Protocols. 18.3 SER Analysis and Optimal Power Allocation. 18.4 Energy Efficiency in Cooperative Sensor Networks. 18.5 Experimental Results. 18.6 Conclusions. References. 19. Distributed Source Coding (Zixiang Xiong, Angelos D. Liveris and Yang Yang). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Theoretical Background. 19.3 Code Designs. 19.4 Applications. 19.5 Conclusions. References. 20. Network Coding for Sensor Networks (Christina Fragouli). 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 How Can We Implement Network Coding in a Practical Sensor Network? 20.3 Data Collection and Coupon Collector Problem. 20.4 Distributed Storage and Sensor Network Data Persistence. 20.5 Decentralized Operation and Untuned Radios. 20.6 Broadcasting and Multipath Diversity. 20.7 Network, Channel and Source Coding. 20.8 Identity-Aware Sensor Networks. 20.9 Discussion. Acknowledgments. References. 21. Information-Theoretic Studies of Wireless Sensor Networks (Liang-Liang Xie and P. R. Kumar). 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Information-Theoretic Studies. 21.3 Relay Schemes. 21.4 Wireless Network Coding. 21.5 Concluding Remarks. Acknowledgments. References. PART IV: NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR AND APPLICATIONS OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS. 22. Distributed Adaptive Learning Mechanisms (Ali H. Sayed and Federico S. Cattivelli). 22.1 Introduction. 22.2 Motivation. 22.3 Incremental Adaptive Solutions. 22.4 Diffusion Adaptive Solutions. 22.5 Concluding Remarks. Acknowledgments. References 23. Routing for Statistical Inference in Sensor Networks (A. Anandkumar, A. Ephremides, A. Swami and L. Tong). 23.1 Introduction. 23.2 Spatial Data Correlation. 23.3 Statistical Inference of Markov Random Fields. 23.4 Optimal Routing for Inference with Local Processing. 23.5 Conclusion and Future Work. 23.6 Bibliographic Notes. References. 24. Spectral Estimation in Cognitive Radios (Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny). 24.1 Filter Bank Formulation of Spectral Estimators. 24.2 Polyphase Realization of Uniform Filter Banks. 24.3 Periodogram Spectral Estimator. 24.4 Multitaper Spectral Estimator. 24.5 Filter Bank Spectral Estimator. 24.6 Distributed Spectrum Sensing. 24.7 Discussion. Appendix A: Effective Degree of Freedom. Appendix B: Explanation to the Results of Table 24.1. References. 25. Nonparametric Techniques for Pedestrian Tracking in Wireless Local Area Networks (Azadeh Kushki and Kostas N. Plataniotis). 25.1 Introduction. 25.2 WLAN Positioning Architectures. 25.3 Signal Models. 25.4 Zero-Memory Positioning. 25.5 Dynamic Positioning Systems. 25.6 Cognition and Feedback. 25.7 Tracking Example. 25.8 Conclusions. References. 26. Reconfigurable Self-Activating Ion-Channel-Based Biosensors Vikram Krishnamurthy and Bruce Cornell). 26.1 Introduction. 26.2 Biosensors Built of Ion Channels. 26.3 Joint Input Excitation and Concentration Classification for Biosensor. 26.4 Decentralized Deployment of Dense Network of Biosensors. 26.5 Discussion and Extensions. References. 27. Biochemical Transport Modeling, Estimation and Detection in Realistic Environments (Mathias Ortner and Arye Nehorai ). 27.1 Introduction. 27.2 Physical and Statistical Models. 27.3 Transport Modeling Using Monte Carlo Approximation. 27.4 Localizing the Source(s). 27.5 Sequential Detection. 27.6 Conclusion. References. 28. Security and Privacy for Sensor Networks (Wade Trappe, Peng Ning and Adrian Perrig). 28.1 Introduction. 28.2 Security and Privacy Challenges. 28.3 Ensuring Integrity of Measurement Process. 28.4 Availability Attacks against the Wireless Link. 28.5 Ensuring Privacy of Routing Contexts. 28.6 Conclusion. References. Index.

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Book Synopsis* Adopts a theoretical approach underpinned by practical examples gleaned from the author s extensive experience in the field of wireless technology. * Uses a new methodology comprising statistical analysis to evaluate the performance of voice and data networks.Table of ContentsList of Figures xix List of Tables xxxv About the Author xli Preface xliii Acknowledgements xlv List of Abbreviations xlvii Introduction 1 1 The Business Plan 5 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 Market Plan 5 1.3 The Engineering Plan 7 1.4 The Financial Plan 8 1.5 Business Case Questionnaire 11 1.6 Implementing the Business Plan 12 2 Data Transmission 15 2.1 History of the Internet 15 2.2 Network Modeling 16 2.3 Internet Network Architecture 19 2.4 The Physical Layer 20 2.5 The Data Link Layer 22 2.6 Network Layer 24 2.7 Transport Protocols 28 2.8 Routing Protocols 29 2.9 Application Protocols 31 2.10 The World Wide Web (WWW) 35 3 Market Modeling 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Data Traffic Characterization 38 3.3 Service Plan (SP) and Service Level Agreement (SLA) 41 3.4 User Service Classes 43 3.5 Applications 44 3.6 Over-Subscription Ratio (OSR) 50 3.7 Services Summary 51 3.8 RF Environment 51 3.9 Terminals 52 3.10 Antenna Height 58 3.11 Geographic User Distribution 58 3.12 Network Traffic Modeling 63 3.13 KPI (Key Performance Indicator) Establishment 72 3.14 Wireless Infrastructure 74 4 Signal Processing Fundamentals 77 4.1 Digitizing Analog Signals 77 4.2 Digital Data Representation in the Frequency Domain (Spectrum) 80 4.3 Orthogonal Signals 84 4.4 Combining Shifted Copies of a Sine Wave 86 4.5 Carrier Modulation 87 5 RF Channel Analysis 95 5.1 The Signal 95 5.2 The RF Channel 101 5.3 RF Signal Propagation 102 5.4 RF Channel in the Frequency Domain 107 5.5 RF Channel in Time Domain 115 5.6 RF Channel in the Power Domain 120 5.7 Standardized Channel Models 123 5.8 RF Environment 126 5.9 Fading 128 6 RF Channel Performance Prediction 139 6.1 Advanced RF Propagation Models 139 6.2 RF Measurements and Propagation Model Calibration 163 6.3 RF Interference Issues 172 6.4 Interference Mitigation Techniques 180 6.5 RF Spectrum Usage and Resource Planning 181 6.6 Availability 187 7 OFDM 193 7.1 Multiplexing 193 7.2 Other PAPR Reduction Methods 201 7.3 De-Multiplexing 201 7.4 Cyclic Prefix 202 7.5 OFDMA 203 7.6 Duplexing 204 7.7 Synchronization 207 7.8 RF Channel Information Detection 208 7.9 Error Correction Techniques 211 7.10 Resource Allocation and Scheduling 215 7.11 Establishing Wireless Data Communications 216 8 OFDM Implementation 221 8.1 Transmit Side 221 8.2 Receive Side 228 9 Wireless Communications Network (WCN) 235 9.1 Introduction 235 9.2 Wireless Access Network 235 9.3 Core Network 237 10 Antenna and Advanced Antenna Systems 245 10.1 Introduction 245 10.2 Antenna Basics 246 10.3 Antenna Radiation 247 10.4 Antenna Types 249 10.5 Antenna Characteristics 254 10.6 Multiple Antennas Arrangements 262 10.7 Receive Diversity 267 10.8 Transmit Diversity 271 10.9 Transmit and Receive Diversity (TRD) 275 10.10 Spatial Multiplexing (Matrix B) 276 10.11 Diversity Performance 278 10.12 Antenna Array System (AAS), Advanced Antenna System (AAS) or Adaptive Antenna Steering (AAS) or Beamforming 282 11 Radio Performance 287 11.1 Introduction 287 11.2 Input RF Noise 288 11.3 Receive Circuit Noise 288 11.4 Signal to Noise Ratio 288 11.5 Radio Sensitivity Calculations 295 11.6 Radio Configuration 307 12 Wireless LAN 311 12.1 Standardization 311 12.2 Architecture 315 12.3 The IEEE Std 802.11-2007 316 12.4 Enhancements for Higher Throughputs, Amendment 5: 802.11n-2009 328 12.5 Work in Progress 333 12.6 Throughput 334 13 WiMAX 341 13.1 Standardization 341 13.2 Network Architecture 344 13.3 Physical Layer (PHY) 353 13.4 Multiple Access OFDMA 369 13.5 WiMAX Network Layers 370 13.6 WiMAX Operation Phases 384 13.7 WiMAX Interference Reduction Techniques 386 13.8 WiMAX Resource Planning 401 14 Universal Mobile Telecommunication System – Long Term Evolution (UMTS-LTE) 409 14.1 Introduction 409 14.2 Standardization 412 14.3 Frequency Bands 415 14.4 Architecture 417 14.5 Wireless Message Flow and Protocol Stack 424 14.6 Wireline Message Flow and Protocol Stacks 433 14.7 Identifiers 434 14.8 HARQ Procedure 435 14.9 Scrambling Sequences 439 14.10 Physical Layer (PHY) 439 14.11 PHY Structure 444 14.12 PHY TDD 457 14.13 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) 457 14.14 Call Placement Scenario 461 14.15 PHY Characteristics and Performance 463 14.16 Multiple Antennas in LTE 466 14.17 Resource Planning in LTE 472 14.18 Self-Organizing Network (SON) 473 14.19 RAT (Radio Access Technology) Internetworking 475 14.20 LTE Radio Propagation Channel Considerations 475 14.21 Handover Procedures in LTE 481 14.22 Measurements 482 14.23 LTE Practical System Capacity 483 14.24 Synchronization 486 14.25 Beyond 4G 486 15 Broadband Standards Comparison 489 15.1 Introduction 489 15.2 Performance Tables 489 16 Wireless Network Design 513 16.1 Introduction 513 16.2 Wireless Market Modeling 513 16.3 Wireless Network Strategy 515 16.4 Wireless Network Design 516 16.5 Wireless Network Optimization 517 16.6 Wireless Network Performance Assessment 517 17 Wireless Market Modeling 519 17.1 Findings Phase 519 17.2 Area of Interest (AoI) Modeling 519 17.3 Terrain Databases (GIS Geographic Information System) 519 17.4 Demographic Databases 530 17.5 Service Modeling 533 17.6 Environment Modeling 536 17.7 User Terminal Modeling 537 17.8 Service Class Modeling 538 17.9 User Distribution Modeling 542 17.10 Traffic Distribution Modeling 551 18 Wireless Network Strategy 553 18.1 Define Spectrum Usage Strategy 553 18.2 Deployment Strategy 555 18.3 Core Equipment 555 18.4 Base Station Equipment 555 18.5 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) 563 18.6 Link Budget 565 18.7 Backhaul Equipment 565 18.8 Land Line Access Points of Presence (PoP) 570 18.9 List of Available Site Locations 570 19 Wireless Network Design 573 19.1 Field Measurement Campaign 573 19.2 Measurement Processing 575 19.3 Propagation Models and Parameters 579 19.4 Site Location 582 19.5 Run Initial Site Predictions 586 19.6 Static Traffic Simulation 593 19.7 Adjust Design for Area and Traffic Coverage 595 19.8 Configure Backhaul Links and Perform Backhaul Predictions 595 19.9 Perform Signal Level Predictions with Extended Radius 597 20 Wireless Network Optimization 599 20.1 Cell Enhancement or Footprint Optimization 599 20.2 Resource Optimization 603 21 Wireless Network Performance Assessment 615 21.1 Perform Dynamic Traffic Simulation 615 21.2 Performance 620 21.3 Perform Network Performance Predictions 625 21.4 Backhaul Links Performance 655 21.5 Analyze Performance Results, Analyze Impact on CAPEX, OPEX and ROI 661 22 Basic Mathematical Concepts Used in Wireless Networks 663 22.1 Circle Relationships 663 22.2 Numbers and Vectors 665 22.3 Functions Decomposition 668 22.4 Sinusoids 670 22.5 Fourier Analysis 674 22.6 Statistical Probability Distributions 676 Appendix: List of Equations 689 Further Reading 697 Index 701

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a complete reference to network mergers andmigrations using the Junos operating system Network Mergers and Migrations provides readers with acomprehensive guide for network migration activities by detailing avariety of internetworking case studies.Table of Contents0.1 Motivation 0.2 Book audience 0.3 Book structure 1 Dealing with routes within the router 1.1 Intrarouter Route handling Features in JUNOS Software 1.2 RIB Route Advertisement at MPLS VPNs 1.3 Directing traffic to forwarding tables 1.4 Case Study Bibliography 2 Link-State IGP migrations 2.1 Link-state IGP hierarchical migrations 2.2 Link-state IGP domain migrations 2.3 Case Study Bibliography 3 BGP Migrations 3.1 Motivations for BGP migrations 3.2 Considerations for BGP migrations 3.3 Generic strategies for BGP migrations 3.4 JUNOS Software implementation of BGP 3.5 Resources for JUNOS Software BGP migrations 3.6 Case study Bibliography 4 MPLS Label Distributions migrations 4.1 Motivations for MPLS Label Distribution migrations 4.2 Considerations for MPLS Label Distribution migrations 4.3 Generic strategies for an MPLS label distribution protocol migration 4.4 Resources for an MPLS label distribution protocol migration 4.5 Case Study Bibliography 5 MPLS Layer 3 VPN migrations 5.1 Motivations for Layer 3 VPNs migrations 5.2 Considerations for Layer 3 VPN migrations 5.3 Generic strategies for L3 VPN migrations 5.4 JunOS implementation of L3 VPNs 5.5 Resources for L3 VPN migrations 5.6 Case Study Bibliography

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Book SynopsisFixed broadband systems can provide higher data rates than 36 or 46 wireless systems, with reliability comparable to conventional optical fiber networks. Numerous fixed broadband wireless systems are being deployed or planned for deployment and an extensive radio spectrum has already been allocated throughout the world to accommodate such systems.Table of ContentsPreface. Fixed Broadband Wireless Systems. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. Propagation and Channel Modes. Fading Models. Propagation Environment Models. Fixed Wireless Antenna Systems. Modulation, Equalizers, and Coding. Multiple-Access Techniques. Traffic and Application Mix Models. Single and Multilink System Design. Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) Network Design. Channel Assignment Strategies. Appendix A: Atmospheric and Rain Data. Appendix B: PDF of a Signal with Interference and Noise. Index.

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Book SynopsisCompetition within the telecommunications companies is growing fiercer by the day. Therefore, it is vital to ensure a high level of quality and reliability within all telecommunications systems in order to guard against faults and the failure of components and network services. Within large scale systems such quality and reliability problems are ever higher. The metrics of Quality and Reliability have to date only been available in journals and technical reports of companies which have designed or produced major parts of systems used in large applications. This book provides a self-contained treatment enabling the reader to be able to produce, define and utilise the metrics of Quality and Reliability required for the design and implementation of a large application such as a world class event as the Olympic Games. An additional outcome is that this book can be used as a guide for producing an ISO standard for large scale Systems such as the Olympic Games. * Provides Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgement. 1 Introduction. 2 Reliability. Introduction. Reliability of Emerging Internet-based Services (H. Eslambolchi and M. Daneshmand). Reliability Issues in IP over Photonic Networks (S. Arakawa and M. Murata). 3 Survivability. Introduction. Key Issues in Survivable Cellular Systems (H. Sandalidis and P. Stavroulakis). Survivability in Wireless Mobile Networks (T. Dahlberg, et al.). 4 Quality. Introduction. Quality of Service Mechanisms in Multimedia Telecommunication Services (G. Rovithakis, et al.). QoS Metrics for Performance Assessment in Integrated Terrestrial-Satellite Multimedia Systems (A. Iera and A. Molinaro). TCP/IP-based Protocols over Satellite Systems: A Telecommunication Issue (M. Marchese). Outage Performance Considerations in Cellular Mobile Radio Networks (G. Karagiannidis and S. Kotsopoulos). Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio in Communication Systems as a Quality Measure (A. Sampath and D. Jeske). 5 A pplications. Introduction. Quality Wireless Broadband Home Networking (H. Zhang). A Reliable ATM Switch Design (Z. El-Saghir and A. Grzech). Quality of Service via an Optimal Routing Model (E. Aboelela and C. Douligeris). Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisBy 2008, some 2 billion people will be using mobile phones and devices, in many cases to access advanced data services. Against this backdrop, the need for efficient and effective network design will be critical to the success of increasingly complex mobile networks. Simon Beresford-Wylie (SVP, Nokia Networks) With the complexity of the cellular networks increasing day by day, a deeper understanding of the design and performance of end-to-end cellular networks is required. Moreover, all the types of networks from 2G-2.5G-3G seem to co-exist. Fundamentals of Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation covers end-to-end network planning and optimisation aspects from second generation GSM to third generation WCDMA networks including GPRS and EDGE networks. All the sub-systems of the network i.e. radio network, transmission network and core network have been covered with focus on both practical and theoretical issues. By bringing all these concepts undTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Overview of Mobile Networks. PART I: SECOND-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION (GSM). 2. Radio Network Planning and Optimisation. 3.Transmission Network Planning and Optimisation. 4.Core Network Planning and Optimisation. PART II: 2.5-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION (GPRS AND EDGE). 5. GPRS: Network Planning and Optimisation. 6. EDGE: Network Planning and Optimisation. PART III: THIRD-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION (WCDMA). 7. 3G Radio Network Planning and Optimisation. 8. 3G Transmission Network Planning and Optimisation. 9. 3G Core Network Planning and Optimisation. PART IV: FOURTH-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING (OFDM/ALL-IP/WLAN). 10. 4G Network Planning. A. Integrated Network Planning Tool: Nokia NetAct Planner by Ari Niininen . B. MMS Network Planning by Christophe Landemaine. C. Location-based Services by Johanna Kahkonen. D. End-to-End System performance Measurement by N.B. Kamat. E. Erlang B Tables by Nezha Larhissi. Essential Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses key problems of computer vision (CV), focusing on the significant issues of object detection, tracking, and recognition in images, which are not found in other CV books. Throughout, the book balances theory, implementation, and case studies in order to provide a complete and accessible treatment of the topic.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgements xv Notations and Abbreviations xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 A Sample of Computer Vision 3 1.2 Overview of Book Contents 6 References 8 2 Tensor Methods in Computer Vision 9 2.1 Abstract 9 2.2 Tensor – A Mathematical Object 10 2.2.1 Main Properties of Linear Spaces 10 2.2.2 Concept of a Tensor 11 2.3 Tensor – A Data Object 13 2.4 Basic Properties of Tensors 15 2.4.1 Notation of Tensor Indices and Components 16 2.4.2 Tensor Products 18 2.5 Tensor Distance Measures 20 2.5.1 Overview of Tensor Distances 22 2.5.1.1 Computation of Matrix Exponent and Logarithm Functions 24 2.5.2 Euclidean Image Distance and Standardizing Transform 29 2.6 Filtering of Tensor Fields 33 2.6.1 Order Statistic Filtering of Tensor Data 33 2.6.2 Anisotropic Diffusion Filtering 36 2.6.3 IMPLEMENTATION of Diffusion Processes 40 2.7 Looking into Images with the Structural Tensor 44 2.7.1 Structural Tensor in Two-Dimensional Image Space 47 2.7.2 Spatio-Temporal Structural Tensor 50 2.7.3 Multichannel and Scale-Space Structural Tensor 52 2.7.4 Extended Structural Tensor 54 2.7.4.1 IMPLEMENTATION of the Linear and Nonlinear Structural Tensor 57 2.8 Object Representation with Tensor of Inertia and Moments 62 2.8.1 IMPLEMENTATION of Moments and their Invariants 65 2.9 Eigendecomposition and Representation of Tensors 68 2.10 Tensor Invariants 72 2.11 Geometry of Multiple Views: The Multifocal Tensor 72 2.12 Multilinear Tensor Methods 75 2.12.1 Basic Concepts of Multilinear Algebra 78 2.12.1.1 Tensor Flattening 78 2.12.1.2 IMPLEMENTATION Tensor Representation 84 2.12.1.3 The k-mode Product of a Tensor and a Matrix 95 2.12.1.4 Ranks of a Tensor 100 2.12.1.5 IMPLEMENTATION of Basic Operations on Tensors 101 2.12.2 Higher-Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) 112 2.12.3 Computation of the HOSVD 114 2.12.3.1 Implementation of the HOSVD Decomposition 119 2.12.4 HOSVD Induced Bases 121 2.12.5 Tensor Best Rank-1 Approximation 123 2.12.6 Rank-1 Decomposition of Tensors 126 2.12.7 Best Rank-(R1, R2, . . . , RP) Approximation 131 2.12.8 Computation of the Best Rank-(R1, R2, . . . , RP) Approximations 134 2.12.8.1 IMPLEMENTATION – Rank Tensor Decompositions 137 2.12.8.2 CASE STUDY – Data Dimensionality Reduction 145 2.12.9 Subspace Data Representation 149 2.12.10 Nonnegative Matrix Factorization 151 2.12.11 Computation of the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization 155 2.12.12 Image Representation with NMF 160 2.12.13 Implementation of the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization 162 2.12.14 Nonnegative Tensor Factorization 169 2.12.15 Multilinear Methods of Object Recognition 173 2.13 Closure 179 2.13.1 Chapter Summary 179 2.13.2 Further Reading 180 2.13.3 Problems and Exercises 181 References 182 3 Classification Methods and Algorithms 189 3.1 Abstract 189 3.2 Classification Framework 190 3.2.1 IMPLEMENTATION Computer Representation of Features 191 3.3 Subspace Methods for Object Recognition 194 3.3.1 Principal Component Analysis 195 3.3.1.1 Computation of the PCA 199 3.3.1.2 PCA for Multi-Channel Image Processing 210 3.3.1.3 PCA for Background Subtraction 214 3.3.2 Subspace Pattern Classification 215 3.4 Statistical Formulation of the Object Recognition 222 3.4.1 Parametric and Nonparametric Methods 222 3.4.2 Probabilistic Framework 222 3.4.3 Bayes Decision Rule 223 3.4.4 Maximum a posteriori Classification Scheme 224 3.4.5 Binary Classification Problem 226 3.5 Parametric Methods – Mixture of Gaussians 227 3.6 The Kalman Filter 233 3.7 Nonparametric Methods 236 3.7.1 Histogram Based Techniques 236 3.7.2 Comparing Histograms 239 3.7.3 IMPLEMENTATION – Multidimensional Histograms 243 3.7.4 Parzen Method 246 3.7.4.1 Kernel Based Methods 248 3.7.4.2 Nearest-Neighbor Method 250 3.8 The Mean Shift Method 251 3.8.1 Introduction to the Mean Shift 251 3.8.2 Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift Method (CamShift) 257 3.8.3 Algorithmic Aspects of the Mean Shift Tracking 259 3.8.3.1 Tracking of Multiple Features 259 3.8.3.2 Tracking of Multiple Objects 260 3.8.3.3 Fuzzy Approach to the CamShift 261 3.8.3.4 Discrimination with Background Information 262 3.8.3.5 Adaptive Update of the Classifiers 263 3.8.4 IMPLEMENTATION of the CamShift Method 264 3.9 Neural Networks 267 3.9.1 Probabilistic Neural Network 267 3.9.2 IMPLEMENTATION – Probabilistic Neural Network 270 3.9.3 Hamming Neural Network 274 3.9.4 IMPLEMENTATION of the Hamming Neural Network 278 3.9.5 Morphological Neural Network 282 3.9.5.1 IMPLEMENTATION of the Morphological Neural Network 285 3.10 Kernels in Vision Pattern Recognition 291 3.10.1 Kernel Functions 296 3.10.2 IMPLEMENTATION – Kernels 301 3.11 Data Clustering 306 3.11.1 The k-Means Algorithm 308 3.11.2 Fuzzy c-Means 311 3.11.3 Kernel Fuzzy c-Means 313 3.11.4 Measures of Cluster Quality 315 3.11.5 IMPLEMENTATION Issues 317 3.12 Support Vector Domain Description 327 3.12.1 Implementation of Support Vector Machines 333 3.12.2 Architecture of the Ensemble of One-Class Classifiers 334 3.13 Appendix – MATLAB R and other Packages for Pattern Classification 336 3.14 Closure 336 3.14.1 Chapter Summary 336 3.14.2 Further Reading 337 Problems and Exercises 338 References 339 4 Object Detection and Tracking 346 4.1 Introduction 346 4.2 Direct Pixel Classification 346 4.2.1 Ground-Truth Data Collection 347 4.2.2 CASE STUDY – Human Skin Detection 348 4.2.3 CASE STUDY – Pixel Based Road Signs Detection 352 4.2.3.1 Fuzzy Approach 353 4.2.3.2 SVM Based Approach 353 4.2.4 Pixel Based Image Segmentation with Ensemble of Classifiers 361 4.3 Detection of Basic Shapes 364 4.3.1 Detection of Line Segments 366 4.3.2 UpWrite Detection of Convex Shapes 367 4.4 Figure Detection 370 4.4.1 Detection of Regular Shapes from Characteristic Points 371 4.4.2 Clustering of the Salient Points 375 4.4.3 Adaptive Window Growing Method 376 4.4.4 Figure Verification 378 4.4.5 CASE STUDY – Road Signs Detection System 380 4.5 CASE STUDY – Road Signs Tracking and Recognition 385 4.6 CASE STUDY – Framework for Object Tracking 389 4.7 Pedestrian Detection 395 4.8 Closure 402 4.8.1 Chapter Summary 402 4.8.2 Further Reading 402 Problems and Exercises 403 References 403 5 Object Recognition 408 5.1 Abstract 408 5.2 Recognition from Tensor Phase Histograms and Morphological Scale Space 409 5.2.1 Computation of the Tensor Phase Histograms in Morphological Scale 411 5.2.2 Matching of the Tensor Phase Histograms 413 5.2.3 CASE STUDY – Object Recognition with Tensor Phase Histograms in Morphological Scale Space 415 5.3 Invariant Based Recognition 420 5.3.1 CASE STUDY – Pictogram Recognition with Affine Moment Invariants 421 5.4 Template Based Recognition 424 5.4.1 Template Matching for Road Signs Recognition 425 5.4.2 Special Distances for Template Matching 428 5.4.3 Recognition with the Log-Polar and Scale-Spaces 429 5.5 Recognition from Deformable Models 436 5.6 Ensembles of Classifiers 438 5.7 CASE STUDY – Ensemble of Classifiers for Road Sign Recognition from Deformed Prototypes 440 5.7.1 Architecture of the Road Signs Recognition System 442 5.7.2 Module for Recognition of Warning Signs 446 5.7.3 The Arbitration Unit 452 5.8 Recognition Based on Tensor Decompositions 453 5.8.1 Pattern Recognition in SubSpaces Spanned by the HOSVD Decomposition of Pattern Tensors 453 5.8.2 CASE STUDY – Road Sign Recognition System Based on Decomposition of Tensors with Deformable Pattern Prototypes 455 5.8.3 CASE STUDY – Handwritten Digit Recognition with Tensor Decomposition Method 462 5.8.4 IMPLEMENTATION of the Tensor Subspace Classifiers 465 5.9 Eye Recognition for Driver’s State Monitoring 470 5.10 Object Category Recognition 476 5.10.1 Part-Based Object Recognition 476 5.10.2 Recognition with Bag-of-Visual-Words 477 5.11 Closure 480 5.11.1 Chapter Summary 480 5.11.2 Further Reading 481 Problems and Exercises 482 Reference 483 A Appendix 487 A.1 Abstract 487 A.2 Morphological Scale-Space 487 A.3 Morphological Tensor Operators 490 A.4 Geometry of Quadratic Forms 491 A.5 Testing Classifiers 492 A.5.1 Implementation of the Confusion Matrix and Testing Object Detection in Images 496 A.6 Code Acceleration with OpenMP 499 A.6.1 Recipes for Object-Oriented Code Design with OpenMP 501 A.6.2 Hints on Using and Code Porting to OpenMP 507 A.6.3 Performance Analysis 511 A.7 Useful MATLAB R Functions for Matrix and Tensor Processing 512 A.8 Short Guide to the Attached Software 513 A.9 Closure 516 A.9.1 Chapter Summary 516 A.9.2 Further Reading 519 Problems and Exercises 520 References 520 Index 523

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Book SynopsisThe effective design of high-speed, reliable switching systems is essential for moving the huge volumes of traffic and multimedia over modern communications networks. This book explains all the main packet-switching architectures, including all theoretical and practical topics relevant to the design and management of high-speed networks. Delivering the most systematic coverage available of the subject, the authors interweave fundamental concepts with real-world applications and include engineering case studies from wireless and fiber-optic communications. Market: Hardware and Software Engineers in the telecommunication industry, System Engineers, and Technicians.Trade Review"...addresses the basics, theory, architectures, and technologies for implementing ATM switches and IP routers." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002) "...a remarkable overview of switching architectures and techniques in different technological environments..." (IEEE Communications Magazine, September 2002)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Basics of Packet Switching. Input-Buffered Switches. Shared-Memory Switches. Banyan-Based Switches. Knockout-Based Switches. The Abacus Switch. Crosspoint-Buffered Switches. The Tandem-Crosspoint Switch. Clos-Network Switches. Optical Packet Switches. Wireless ATM Switches. IP Route Lookups. Appendix: SONET and ATM Protocols. Index.

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Book SynopsisA proven, cost-effective approach to solving analog signal processing design problems Most design problems involving analog circuits require a great deal of creativity to solve. But, as the authors of this groundbreaking guide demonstrate, finding solutions to most analog signal processing problems does not have to be that difficult. Analog Signal Processing presents an original, five-step, design-oriented approach to solving analog signal processing problems using standard ICs as building blocks. Unlike most authors who prescribe a bottom-up approach, Professors Pallás-Areny and Webster cast design problems first in functional terms and then develop possible solutions using available ICs, focusing on circuit performance rather than internal structure. The five steps of their approach move from signal classification, definition of desired functions, and description of analog domain conversions to error classification and error analysis. Featuring 90 worked exTable of ContentsSignals and Signal Processing. Voltage Amplification. Current-to-Voltage and Voltage-to-Current Conversion. Linear Analog Functions. AC/DC Signal Conversion. Other Nonlinear Analog Functions. Analog Signal Filtering. Analog Signal Switching, Multiplexing and Sampling. Error Analysis and Reduction. Interference and Its Reduction. Noise, Drift and Their Reduction. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisAddresses communication skills fundamental to engineering success. Grounded in rhetorical theory, the book helps engineers develop flexible strategies for researching, inventing, drafting, and revising, and for meeting the challenges of the audiences, purposes, and contexts encountered at work.Table of ContentsPlanning and Inventing Strategies. Drafting and Revising Strategies. Rhetorical Strategies. Strategies for Teamwork and Workplace Communication. Oral Presentation Strategies. Stylistic Strategies. Format Strategies. Document Strategies and Sample Documentation. Index.

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Book SynopsisA readable, understandable introduction to DSP for professionals and students alike... This practical guide is a welcome alternative to more complicated introductions to DSP.Table of ContentsThe Development of Digital Signal Processing. Why Do It Digitally Anyway? Converting Analog to Digital. Filtering. Transforming Signals into the Frequency Domain. Encoding of Waveforms-Increasing the Channel Bandwidth. Practical DSP Hardware Design Issues. DSP System Design Flow. Glossary of Acronyms. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents coverage of the performance, design principles and analysis of optical communication systems operating under nonlinear propagation regimes. It includes an application based comparison of different systems, so that the reader can determine the right system for his application.Table of ContentsOptical Fiber Propagation. Optical Amplifiers. Optical Transmission Systems. Soliton Optical Communications. Repeaterless Systems. Long Distance TDM Transmission. WDM Optically Amplified Systems. Transmission in All-Optical Networks. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisWith more and more information being transmitted over fiber optic cables, optical filtering is becoming crucial to the smooth operation of optical communication networks. This book presents digital signal processing techniques for the design of optical filters, covering filters used in narrow band filtering and optical signal processing.Table of ContentsFundamentals of Electromagnetic Waves and Waveguides. Digital Filter Concepts for Optical Filters. Multi-Stage MA Architectures. Multi- Stage AR Architectures. Multi-Stage ARMA Filters. Optical Measurements and Filter Analysis. Future Directions. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of hardware and circuit design specifically for engineers working in wireless communications. It serves as a reference for practicing engineers and technicians working in the areas of RF, microwaves, communications, solid-state devices, and radar.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. General Wireless Systems. Overview of Active Devices and Circuit Technologies. Transmitter and Receiver System Parameters. Transmission Lines and Impedance Matching Techniques. Filters and Couplers. Switches. Low Noise Amplifiers. Mixers. Oscillators and Modulation. Power Amplifiers. Antennas. Index.

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Book SynopsisLidar (Light Detection and Ranging) operates on similar principles to RADAR but in lieu of radio waves, lidar uses a laser to scan through the atmosphere. In elastic lidar, light scattered back towards the lidar instrument from molecules and particles in the atmosphere is collected by a telescope and measured with a photodetector.Trade Review"A comprehensive overview of lidar technology, this handbook is intended for researchers, graduate students and lidar users." (Sea Technology, November 2004) "This book should be of significant value to researchers applying remote sensing to atmospheric problems, and of course will be of great interest to lidar specialists." (E-STREAMS, November 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. Definitions. 1. Atmospheric Properties. 1.1 Atmospheric Structure. 1.2 Atmospheric Properties. 2. Light Propagation in the Atmosphere. 2.1 Light Extinction and Transmittance. 2.2 Total and Directional Elastic Scattering of the Light Bean. 2.3 Light Scattering by Molecules and Particulates: Inelastic Scattering. 2.4 Light Absorption by Molecules and Particulates. 3. Fundamentals of the Lidar Technique. 3.1 Introduction to the Lidar Technique. 3.2 Lidar Equation and Its Constituents. 3.3 Elastic Lidar Hardware. 3.4 Practical Lidar Issues. 3.5 Eye Safety Issues and Hardware. 4. Detectors, Digitizers, Electronics. 4.1 Detectors. 4.2 Electric Circuits for Optical Detectors. 4.3 A-D Converters/Digitizers. 4.4 General. 5. Analytical Solutions of the Lidar Equation. 5.1 Simple Lidar-Equation Solution for a Homogene ous. 5.2 Basic Transformation of the Elastic Lidar Equation. 5.3 Lidar Equation Solution for a Single-Component Heterogeneous Atmosphere. 5.4 Lidar Equation Solution for a Two-Component Atmosphere. 5.5 Which Solution is Best? 6. Uncertainty Estimation for Lidar Measurements. 6.1 Uncertainty for the Slope Method. 6.2 Lidar Measurement Uncertainty in a Two-Component Atmosphere. 6.3 Background Constituent in the Original Lidar Signal and Lidar Signal Averaging. 7. Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio. 7.1 Exploration of the Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio on the Inversion Result. 7.2 Influence of Uncertainty in the Backscatter-to-Extinction Ratio. 8. Lidar Examination of Clear and Moderately Turbid Atmospheres. 8.1 One-Directional Lidar Measurements: Methods and Problems. 8.2 Inversion Techniques for a “Spotted” Atmosphere. 9. Multiangle Methods for Extinction Coefficient Determination. 9.1 Angle-Dependent Lidar Equation and Its Basic Solution. 9.2 Solution for the Layer-Integrated Form of the Angle-Dependent Lidar Equation. 9.3 Solution for the Two-Angle layer-Integrated Form of the Lidar Equation. 9.4 Two-Angle Solution for the Angle-Independent Lidar Equation. 9.5 High-Altitude Tropospheric Measurements with Lidar. 9.6 Which Method Us the Best? 10. Differential Absorption Lidar Technique (DIAL). 10.1 DIAL Processing Technique: Fundamentals. 10.2 DIAL Processing Technique: Problems. 10.3 Other Techniques for DIAL Data Processing. 11. Hardware Solutions to the Inversion Problem. 11.1 Use of N2 Raman Scattering for Extinction Measurement. 11.2 Resolution of Particulate and Molecular Scattering by Filtration. 11.3 Multiple-Wavelength Lidars. 12. Atmospheric Parameters from Elastic Lidar Data. 12.1 Visual Range in Horizontal Directions. 12.2 Visual Range in Slant Directions. 12.3 Temperature measurements. 12.4 Boundary Layer Height Determination. 12.5 Cloud Boundary Determination. 13. Wind Measurement Methods from Elastic Lidar Data. 13.1 Correlation Methods to Determine Wind Speed and Direction. 13.2 Edge Technique. 13.3 Fringe Imaging Technique. 13.4 Kinetic Energy, Dissipation Rate, and Divergence. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe book provides a complete introduction to signal analysis, and begins with analog and discrete signals, linear systems, analog and discrete Fourier transforms, sampling theory, and random signals. These are basic, their inclusion making the presentation suitable for introductory courses, selfstudy, and refreshers in the discipline.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. 1 Signals: Analog, Discrete, and Digital. 1.1 Introduction to Signals. 1.1.1 Basic Concepts. 1.1.2 Time-Domain Description of Signals. 1.1.3 Analysis in the Time-Frequency Plane. 1.1.4 Other Domains: Frequency and Scale. 1.2 Analog Signals. 1.2.1 Definitions and Notation. 1.2.2 Examples. 1.2.3 Special Analog Signals. 1.3 Discrete Signals. 1.3.1 Definitions and Notation. 1.3.2 Examples. 1.3.3 Special Discrete Signals. 1.4 Sampling and Interpolation. 1.4.1 Introduction. 1.4.2 Sampling Sinusoidal Signals. 1.4.3 Interpolation. 1.4.4 Cubic Splines. 1.5 Periodic Signals. 1.5.1 Fundamental Period and Frequency. 1.5.2 Discrete Signal Frequency. 1.5.3 Frequency Domain. 1.5.4 Time and Frequency Combined. 1.6 Special Signal Classes. 1.6.1 Basic Classes. 1.6.2 Summable and Integrable Signals. 1.6.3 Finite Energy Signals. 1.6.4 Scale Description. 1.6.5 Scale and Structure. 1.7 Signals and Complex Numbers. 1.7.1 Introduction. 1.7.2 Analytic Functions. 1.7.3 Complex Integration. 1.8 Random Signals and Noise. 1.8.1 Probability Theory. 1.8.2 Random Variables. 1.8.3 Random Signals. 1.9 Summary. 1.9.1 Historical Notes. 1.9.2 Resources. 1.9.3 Looking Forward. 1.9.4 Guide to Problems. References. Problems. 2 Discrete Systems and Signal Spaces. 2.1 Operations on Signals. 2.1.1 Operations on Signals and Discrete Systems. 2.1.2 Operations on Systems. 2.1.3 Types of Systems. 2.2 Linear Systems. 2.2.1 Properties. 2.2.2 Decomposition. 2.3 Translation Invariant Systems. 2.4 Convolutional Systems. 2.4.1 Linear, Translation-Invariant Systems. 2.4.2 Systems Defined by Difference Equations. 2.4.3 Convolution Properties. 2.4.4 Application: Echo Cancellation in Digital Telephony. 2.5 The lp Signal Spaces. 2.5.1 lp Signals. 2.5.2 Stable Systems. 2.5.3 Toward Abstract Signal Spaces. 2.5.4 Normed Spaces. 2.5.5 Banach Spaces. 2.6 Inner Product Spaces. 2.6.1 Definitions and Examples. 2.6.2 Norm and Metric. 2.6.3 Orthogonality. 2.7 Hilbert Spaces. 2.7.1 Definitions and Examples. 2.7.2 Decomposition and Direct Sums. 2.7.3 Orthonormal Bases. 2.8 Summary. References. Problems. 3 Analog Systems and Signal Spaces. 3.1 Analog Systems. 3.1.1 Operations on Analog Signals. 3.1.2 Extensions to the Analog World. 3.1.3 Cross-Correlation, Autocorrelation, and Convolution. 3.1.4 Miscellaneous Operations. 3.2 Convolution and Analog LTI Systems. 3.2.1 Linearity and Translation-Invariance. 3.2.2 LTI Systems, Impulse Response, and Convolution. 3.2.3 Convolution Properties. 3.2.4 Dirac Delta Properties. 3.2.5 Splines. 3.3 Analog Signal Spaces. 3.3.1 Lp Spaces. 3.3.2 Inner Product and Hilbert Spaces. 3.3.3 Orthonormal Bases. 3.3.4 Frames. 3.4 Modern Integration Theory. 3.4.1 Measure Theory. 3.4.2 Lebesgue Integration. 3.5 Distributions. 3.5.1 From Function to Functional. 3.5.2 From Functional to Distribution. 3.5.3 The Dirac Delta. 3.5.4 Distributions and Convolution. 3.5.5 Distributions as a Limit of a Sequence. 3.6 Summary. 3.6.1 Historical Notes. 3.6.2 Looking Forward. 3.6.3 Guide to Problems. References. Problems. 4 Time-Domain Signal Analysis. 4.1 Segmentation. 4.1.1 Basic Concepts. 4.1.2 Examples. 4.1.3 Classification. 4.1.4 Region Merging and Splitting. 4.2 Thresholding. 4.2.1 Global Methods. 4.2.2 Histograms. 4.2.3 Optimal Thresholding. 4.2.4 Local Thresholding. 4.3 Texture. 4.3.1 Statistical Measures. 4.3.2 Spectral Methods. 4.3.3 Structural Approaches. 4.4 Filtering and Enhancement. 4.4.1 Convolutional Smoothing. 4.4.2 Optimal Filtering. 4.4.3 Nonlinear Filters. 4.5 Edge Detection. 4.5.1 Edge Detection on a Simple Step Edge. 4.5.2 Signal Derivatives and Edges. 4.5.3 Conditions for Optimality. 4.5.4 Retrospective. 4.6 Pattern Detection. 4.6.1 Signal Correlation. 4.6.2 Structural Pattern Recognition. 4.6.3 Statistical Pattern Recognition. 4.7 Scale Space. 4.7.1 Signal Shape, Concavity, and Scale. 4.7.2 Gaussian Smoothing. 4.8 Summary. References. Problems. 5 Fourier Transforms of Analog Signals. 5.1 Fourier Series. 5.1.1 Exponential Fourier Series. 5.1.2 Fourier Series Convergence. 5.1.3 Trigonometric Fourier Series. 5.2 Fourier Transform. 5.2.1 Motivation and Definition. 5.2.2 Inverse Fourier Transform. 5.2.3 Properties. 5.2.4 Symmetry Properties. 5.3 Extension to L2(R). 5.3.1 Fourier Transforms in L1(R) ∩ L2(R). 5.3.2 Definition. 5.3.3 Isometry. 5.4 Summary. 5.4.1 Historical Notes. 5.4.2 Looking Forward. References. Problems. 6 Generalized Fourier Transforms of Analog Signals. 6.1 Distribution Theory and Fourier Transforms. 6.1.1 Examples. 6.1.2 The Generalized Inverse Fourier Transform. 6.1.3 Generalized Transform Properties. 6.2 Generalized Functions and Fourier Series Coefficients. 6.2.1 Dirac Comb: A Fourier Series Expansion. 6.2.2 Evaluating the Fourier Coefficients: Examples. 6.3 Linear Systems in the Frequency Domain. 6.3.1 Convolution Theorem. 6.3.2 Modulation Theorem. 6.4 Introduction to Filters. 6.4.1 Ideal Low-pass Filter. 6.4.2 Ideal High-pass Filter. 6.4.3 Ideal Bandpass Filter. 6.5 Modulation. 6.5.1 Frequency Translation and Amplitude Modulation. 6.5.2 Baseband Signal Recovery. 6.5.3 Angle Modulation. 6.6 Summary. References. Problems. 7 Discrete Fourier Transforms. 7.1 Discrete Fourier Transform. 7.1.1 Introduction. 7.1.2 The DFT’s Analog Frequency-Domain Roots. 7.1.3 Properties. 7.1.4 Fast Fourier Transform. 7.2 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform. 7.2.1 Introduction. 7.2.2 Properties. 7.2.3 LTI Systems and the DTFT. 7.3 The Sampling Theorem. 7.3.1 Band-Limited Signals. 7.3.2 Recovering Analog Signals from Their Samples. 7.3.3 Reconstruction. 7.3.4 Uncertainty Principle. 7.4 Summary. References. Problems. 8 The z-Transform. 8.1 Conceptual Foundations. 8.1.1 Definition and Basic Examples. 8.1.2 Existence. 8.1.3 Properties. 8.2 Inversion Methods. 8.2.1 Contour Integration. 8.2.2 Direct Laurent Series Computation. 8.2.3 Properties and z-Transform Table Lookup. 8.2.4 Application: Systems Governed by Difference Equations. 8.3 Related Transforms. 8.3.1 Chirp z-Transform. 8.3.2 Zak Transform. 8.4 Summary. 8.4.1 Historical Notes. 8.4.2 Guide to Problems. References. Problems. 9 Frequency-Domain Signal Analysis. 9.1 Narrowband Signal Analysis. 9.1.1 Single Oscillatory Component: Sinusoidal Signals. 9.1.2 Application: Digital Telephony DTMF. 9.1.3 Filter Frequency Response. 9.1.4 Delay. 9.2 Frequency and Phase Estimation. 9.2.1 Windowing. 9.2.2 Windowing Methods. 9.2.3 Power Spectrum Estimation. 9.2.4 Application: Interferometry. 9.3 Discrete filter design and implementation. 9.3.1 Ideal Filters. 9.3.2 Design Using Window Functions. 9.3.3 Approximation. 9.3.4 Z-Transform Design Techniques. 9.3.5 Low-Pass Filter Design. 9.3.6 Frequency Transformations. 9.3.7 Linear Phase. 9.4 Wideband Signal Analysis. 9.4.1 Chirp Detection. 9.4.2 Speech Analysis. 9.4.3 Problematic Examples. 9.5 Analog Filters. 9.5.1 Introduction. 9.5.2 Basic Low-Pass Filters. 9.5.3 Butterworth. 9.5.4 Chebyshev. 9.5.5 Inverse Chebyshev. 9.5.6 Elliptic Filters. 9.5.7 Application: Optimal Filters. 9.6 Specialized Frequency-Domain Techniques. 9.6.1 Chirp-z Transform Application. 9.6.2 Hilbert Transform. 9.6.3 Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks. 9.7 Summary. References. Problems. 10 Time-Frequency Signal Transforms. 10.1 Gabor Transforms. 10.1.1 Introduction. 10.1.2 Interpretations. 10.1.3 Gabor Elementary Functions. 10.1.4 Inversion. 10.1.5 Applications. 10.1.6 Properties. 10.2 Short-Time Fourier Transforms. 10.2.1 Window Functions. 10.2.2 Transforming with a General Window. 10.2.3 Properties. 10.2.4 Time-Frequency Localization. 10.3 Discretization. 10.3.1 Transforming Discrete Signals. 10.3.2 Sampling the Short-Time Fourier Transform. 10.3.3 Extracting Signal Structure. 10.3.4 A Fundamental Limitation. 10.3.5 Frames of Windowed Fourier Atoms. 10.3.6 Status of Gabor’s Problem. 10.4 Quadratic Time-Frequency Transforms. 10.4.1 Spectrogram. 10.4.2 Wigner–Ville Distribution. 10.4.3 Ambiguity Function. 10.4.4 Cross-Term Problems. 10.4.5 Kernel Construction Method. 10.5 The Balian–Low Theorem. 10.5.1 Orthonormal Basis Decomposition. 10.5.2 Frame Decomposition. 10.5.3 Avoiding the Balian–Low Trap. 10.6 Summary. 10.6.1 Historical Notes. 10.6.2 Resources. 10.6.3 Looking Forward. References. Problems. 11 Time-Scale Signal Transforms. 11.1 Signal Scale. 11.2 Continuous Wavelet Transforms. 11.2.1 An Unlikely Discovery. 11.2.2 Basic Theory. 11.2.3 Examples. 11.3 Frames. 11.3.1 Discretization. 11.3.2 Conditions on Wavelet Frames. 11.3.3 Constructing Wavelet Frames. 11.3.4 Better Localization. 11.4 Multiresolution Analysis and Orthogonal Wavelets. 11.4.1 Multiresolution Analysis. 11.4.2 Scaling Function. 11.4.3 Discrete Low-Pass Filter. 11.4.4 Orthonormal Wavelet. 11.5 Summary. References. Problems. 12 Mixed-Domain Signal Analysis. 12.1 Wavelet Methods for Signal Structure. 12.1.1 Discrete Wavelet Transform. 12.1.2 Wavelet Pyramid Decomposition. 12.1.3 Application: Multiresolution Shape Recognition. 12.2 Mixed-Domain Signal Processing. 12.2.1 Filtering Methods. 12.2.2 Enhancement Techniques. 12.3 Biophysical Applications. 12.3.1 David Marr’s Program. 12.3.2 Psychophysics. 12.4 Discovering Signal Structure. 12.4.1 Edge Detection. 12.4.2 Local Frequency Detection. 12.4.3 Texture Analysis. 12.5 Pattern Recognition Networks. 12.5.1 Coarse-to-Fine Methods. 12.5.2 Pattern Recognition Networks. 12.5.3 Neural Networks. 12.5.4 Application: Process Control. 12.6 Signal Modeling and Matching. 12.6.1 Hidden Markov Models. 12.6.2 Matching Pursuit. 12.6.3 Applications. 12.7 Afterword. References. Problems. Index.

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Book SynopsisA guide to the theory and application of methods of projections. With the rise of powerful personal computers, methods of vector space projections have moved rapidly from the realm of theory into widespread use. This book reflects the growing interest in the application of these methods to problem solving in science and engineering.Trade Review"...a very useful addition among classical signal processingtexts...it can be warmly recommended..." (Analog Dialogue,Vol. 36, No. 5, September-October 2002)Table of ContentsVector Space Concepts. Projections Onto Convex Sets. Elementary Projectors. Solutions of Linear Equations. Generalized Projections. Applications to Communications. Application to Optics. Applications to Neural Nets. Applications to Image Processing. Index.

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Book SynopsisExpertly combining the fields of computer architecture theory and digital signal processing (DSP), this comprehensive, single-volume resource provides everything circuit designers and computer professionals need to stay on top of the rapid changes in VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) design for DSP.Trade Review"Globally there hardly exist more than a dozen book references on the subject of DSP hardware design. Among them…[Parhi's book is one of the] incontestable leaders, in both depth and breadth." (Analog Dialogue)Table of ContentsIntroduction to Digital Signal Processing Systems. Iteration Bound. Pipelining and Parallel Processing. Retiming. Unfolding. Folding. Systolic Architecture Design. Fast Convolution. Algorithmic Strength Reduction in Filters and Transforms. Pipelined and Parallel Recursive and Adaptive Filters. Scaling and Roundoff Noise. Digital Lattice Filter Structures. Bit-Level Arithmetic Architectures. Redundant Arithmetic. Numerical Strength Reduction. Synchronous, Wave, and Asynchronous Pipelines. Low-Power Design. Programmable Digital Signal Processors. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn A-to-Z look at an increasingly important technology: DWDM The race for unprecedented bandwidth is on - and DWDM(Dense Wave-length Division Multiplexing) is opening the way. DWDM is the technology that allows multiple streams of data to flow in one optical fiber of optical communication network. DWDM is the key technology at the heart of new systems and networks that offers more bandwidth at less cost. Soon, DWDM promises to change bandwidth from a premium to a commodity item. DWDM: Networks, Devices, and Technology provides a comprehensive treatment of DWDM, its technology, systems, and networks, as well as engineering design. It explains how DWDM works, how it is used in system design, how optical network architecture can benefit from DWDM, and what the design issues are. Written by an expert in the field, the book covers: Current telecommunication networks and their issues Current telecommunication systems and networks New anTrade Review"...very well-written and easy to read...contains invaluable resources for DWDM implementations for both beginners and advanced readers." (IEEE Communications Magazine, September 2003) "...an outstanding source of knowledge about optical systems...very well written and easy to read..." (Comsoc.org, September 2003) Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. List of Physical Constants. Introduction. 1. The Physics of Optical Components. 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. The Nature of Light. 1.2.1. The Wave Nature of Light. 1.2.2. The Particle Nature of Light. 1.2.3. Huygens–Fresnel Principle. 1.2.4. Interference. 1.2.5. Holography. 1.2.6. Optical Correlators and Storage. 1.2.7. Light Attributes. 1.3. Optical Materials. 1.3.1. Transparent Versus Opaque Matter. 1.3.2. Homogeneity and Heterogeneity. 1.3.3. Isotropy and Anisotropy. 1.3.4. Organic Materials. 1.3.5. Photochromaticity. 1.4. Light Meets Matter. 1.4.1. Reflection and Refraction: Snell’s Law. 1.4.2. Critical Angle. 1.4.3. Antireflection. 1.4.4. Prisms and Superprisms. 1.4.5. Propagation of Light. 1.4.6. Diffraction. 1.4.7. Polarization. 1.4.8. Extinction Ratio. 1.4.9. Phase Shift. 1.4.10. Birefringence. 1.4.11. Material Dispersion. 1.4.12. Electro-Optic Effects. 1.4.13. Material Attributes. 1.5. The Fiber as an Optical Transmission Medium. 1.5.1. Composite Refractive Indices. 1.5.2. Fiber Modes. 1.5.3. Fiber Attenuation and Power Loss. 1.5.4. Fiber Birefringence. 1.5.5. Dispersion. 1.5.6. Spectral Broadening. 1.5.7. Self-Phase Modulation. 1.5.8. Self-Modulation or Modulation Instability. 1.5.9. Effect of Pulse Broadening on Bit Error Rate. 1.6. Nonlinear Phenomena. 1.6.1. Stimulated Raman Scattering. 1.6.2. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering. 1.6.3. Four-Wave Mixing. 1.6.4. Temporal FWM, Near-End and Far-End. 1.6.5. Impact of FWM on DWDM Transmission Systems. 1.6.6. Countermeasures to Reduce FWM. 1.7. Solitons. 1.8. Summary of Nonlinear Phenomena. 1.9. Factors that Affect Matter and Light. 1.10. Regarding Optical Fiber. 1.10.1. Ideal Fiber Versus Real Fiber. 1.10.2. The Evolving Bandwidth-Span Product. 1.10.3. Fiber Amplifiers and Spectral Continuum. 1.10.4. New Fibers. 1.10.5. How Strong Is Fiber? 1.11. Fiber Connectivity. 1.12. Optical PWBs. Exercises. References. Standards. 2. Optical Components. 2.1. Introduction. 2.1.1. Geometrical Optics. 2.1.2. Insertion Loss and Isolation. 2.1.3. Parameters Common to All Components. 2.2. Optical Filters. 2.2.1. Fabry–Perot Interferometer. 2.2.2. Dielectric Thin Film. 2.2.3. Diffraction Gratings. 2.2.4. Bragg Gratings. 2.2.5. Mach–Zehnder Interferometry. 2.2.6. Arrayed Waveguide Grating Filters. 2.2.7. Polarizing Filters. 2.2.8. Absorption Filters. 2.2.9. Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters. 2.2.10. Hybrid Filters. 2.2.11. Comparing Tunable Filters. 2.3. Optical Directional Couplers. 2.4. Optical Power Attenuators. 2.5. Polarizers and Rotators. 2.6. Beam Splitters. 2.7. Optical Isolators and Circulators. 2.8. Quarter-Wavelength and Half-Wavelength Plates. 2.9. Optical Multiplexers and Demultiplexers. 2.9.1. Prisms and Superprisms. 2.9.2. Gratings. 2.9.3. Mach–Zehnder Demultiplexer. 2.9.4. Arrayed Waveguide Grating Demultiplexers. 2.9.5. Channel Interleavers and Channel Splitters. 2.10. Optical Cross-Connects. 2.10.1. Free-Space Optical Switching. 2.10.2. Solid-State Cross-Connects. 2.10.3. Polymers and Inks. 2.10.4. Photochromic Materials. 2.10.5. Technologies and Switching Speeds. 2.11. Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers. 2.12. Optical Equalizers. 2.13. Light Sources. 2.13.1. Light-Emitting Diodes. 2.13.2. Lasers. 2.14. Laser Beams. 2.14.1. Gaussian Beams. 2.14.2. Near-Field and Far-Field Distribution. 2.14.3. Peak Wavelength. 2.14.4. Degree of Coherence. 2.14.5. Laser Safety. 2.15. Modulators. 2.15.1. Types of Modulators. 2.15.2. A Case: Amplitude Modulation. 2.15.3. Modulation and Bit Error Probabilities. 2.16. Photodetectors and Receivers. 2.16.1. The PIN Photodiode. 2.16.2. The APD Photodiode. 2.16.3. Photodetector Figure of Merit. 2.16.4. ITU-T Nominal Center Frequencies. 2.17. Optical Amplifiers. 2.17.1. Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers. 2.17.2. Rare Earth–Doped Fiber Optical Amplifiers. 2.17.3. Optical Parametric Amplifiers. 2.17.4. Raman Amplifiers. 2.17.5. Synergistic Amplification. 2.17.6. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering. 2.17.7. Amplification in the Low-Loss Spectral Range. 2.18. Wavelength Converters. 2.18.1. Cross-Gain Modulation. 2.18.2. Cross-Phase Modulation. 2.18.3. Four-Wave Mixing. 2.18.4. Optical Frequency Shifting. 2.19. Optical Phase-Locked Loops. 2.20. Ring Resonators. 2.21. Optical Attenuators. 2.22. Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio. 2.22.1. Bit Error Rate. 2.22.2. BER and Eye Diagram. 2.23. New Materials and Components. 2.23.1. Optical Materials. 2.23.2. Hollow Fibers. 2.23.3. Lasers and Receivers. 2.23.4. Optical Cross-Connects. 2.23.5. Optical Memories. 2.23.6. Optical Integration. Exercises. References. Standards / 233 3. Communications Fundamentals. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Pulse Coded Modulation. 3.3. Loop Accessing Methods. 3.3.1. xDSL. 3.3.2. Other High-Speed Short-Reach Technologies. 3.4. Time Division Multiplexing Systems. 3.4.1. Access and Pair-Gain Systems. 3.4.2. Fiber-to-the-Home Technology. 3.4.3. Switching Systems. 3.4.4. Digital Cross-Connect Systems. 3.5. Getting Connected. 3.6. Data Systems. 3.6.1. The OSI Model. 3.6.2. Local Area Networks. 3.6.3. Packet Networks. 3.6.4. Frame Relay. 3.6.5. ATM. 3.6.6. Quality of Service. 3.7. SONET and SDH. 3.7.1. SONET Topologies. 3.7.2. SONET and SDH Rates. 3.7.3. SONET and SDH Frames. 3.7.4. Floating Frames and Pointers. 3.7.5. Overhead Definition. 3.7.6. Frequency Justification. 3.7.7. Path Overhead. 3.7.8. Maintenance. 3.7.9. Operations Communications Interface. 3.7.10. Interworking. 3.7.11. Next-Generation SONET. 3.8. Internet. 3.8.1. Voice over IP. 3.8.2. Fax over IP (FoIP). 3.8.3. ATM over SONET. 3.8.4. IP over SONET. 3.9. Optical Networks. 3.10. What Is a DWDM System and Network? Exercises. References. Standards. 4 .DWDM Systems. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. DWDM Network Topologies-Review. 4.3. DWDM Systems and Network Layers. 4.3.1. DWDM and Standards. 4.3.2. Domains or Functions. 4.3.3. System Partitioning and Remoting. 4.4. Key Building Blocks of a DWDM System. 4.4.1. Transmitters and Receivers. 4.4.2. Optical Amplifiers and Regenerators. 4.4.3. Dispersion Compensating Solutions. 4.4.4. Optical Gain Equalizers. 4.4.5. Optical Wavelength Translators. 4.4.6. Timing. 4.4.7. Optical Switching. 4.4.8. Control Architectures and Controllers. 4.4.9. Interfaces. 4.5. Wavelength Management Strategy. 4.6. Equipment Sensing Strategy. 4.7. Fault Detection and Reporting Strategy. 4.7.1. Fault Detection on the Network Level. 4.7.2. Fault Detection Identifiers. 4.7.3. Overhead, Data, and Error Correction: The Digital Wrapper. 4.8. Power Strategy. 4.9. DWDM Systems by Network Layer. 4.9.1. Point-to-Point Systems. 4.9.2. Large Optical Cross-Connect Systems. 4.9.3. DWDM Metro Systems. 4.9.4. Access DWDM Systems and First/Last Mile. 4.10. Protected and Unprotected Systems. 4.11. Engineering DWDM Systems. 4.11.1. Parameters That Influence Optical Design. 4.11.2. ITU-T Recommended Frequencies. 4.11.3. Channel Capacity, Width, and Spacing. 4.11.4. Channel Bit Rate and Modulation. 4.11.5. Multichannel Frequency Stabilization. 4.11.6. BER and Channel Performance. 4.11.7. Channel Dispersion. 4.11.8. Power Launched. 4.11.9. Optical Amplification and Compensation. 4.11.10. The Fiber-Medium and Limitations. 4.11.11. Optical Power Budget. 4.11.12. Power Budget Calculations by Example. Conclusions. Exercises. References. Standards. 5. DWDM Networks. 5.1. Introduction. 5.1.1. Multiprotocol Label Switching. 5.1.2. MPλS. 5.1.3. DiffServ, IntServ, and MPLS. 5.1.4. Optical Virtual Path Network. 5.1.5. Network Layers and Protection. 5.1.6. The Evolving Telecommunications Management Network. 5.2. The Optical Transport Network. 5.3. DWDM Network Topologies and Restoration Strategies. 5.3.1. Point-to-Point Topology. 5.3.2. Ring Topology. 5.3.3. Mesh Topology. 5.3.4. Ring-Mesh Networks. 5.4. Dispersion Management. 5.5. Bandwidth Management. 5.5.1. Wavelength Management. 5.5.2. Traffic Management. 5.5.3. Congestion Management. 5.6. Fiber Span Between Transmitter and Receiver. 5.7. Fault Management. 5.8. Network Security. 5.9. DWDM Network Issues. 5.9.1. Interoperability and Internetworking. 5.9.2. Optical Performance Monitoring. 5.9.3. Network Future-Proofing. 5.9.4. Wavelength Sharing. 5.9.5. IP/SONET over DWDM. 5.9.6. Maintenance. 5.9.7. DWDM Network Management. 5.10. Wireless DWDM Networks. Exercises. References. Standards. 6. Emerging Technologies. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Emerging Technologies. 6.2.1. Theory and New Materials. 6.2.2. Communications Components, Systems, and Networks. 6.2.3. Intelligent Homes. 6.2.4. Intelligent Transportation. 6.2.5. Intelligent Powering Systems. 6.3. Current Research. 6.3.1. Advanced Lasers. 6.3.2. Artificial Optical Materials. 6.3.3. Optical Cross-Connect. 6.3.4. Optical Memories and Variable Delay Lines. 6.3.5. Nonintrusive Optical Sensors. 6.4. Conclusion. References. Standards. Answers to Exercises. Acronyms. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisBottlenecks in signal distribution systems are becoming more serious and set a limit on achievable speeds. This book examines methods to optimize performance, featuring a detailed discussion of a taxonomy of problem formulation.Table of ContentsInterconnect Models. Device Models. Interconnect Analysis. Inductance and Inductive Coupling for On-chip Interconnect. Synthesis: Overview and Static Topology Optimization. Global Routing Topology Synthesis. Optimization of Multi-Source Nets. Timing Driven Maze Routing.

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Book SynopsisOptical Scanning involves the reading of a pattern of spatial information and transforming the read document or image into a signal for electronic processing. For example, in order to record a photograph on a computer disk one must first scan it. This book discusses about this topic.Trade Review"It will be of interest to graduate students as well as researchers and engineers." (Optik 117, 2006)Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 INTRODUCTION-TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW AND UNIFYING PRINCIPLES 1 1.1 Optical Scanning Characteristics and Disciplines 1 1.2 Active and Passive Scanning 3 1.3 Input, Output, and Remote Sensing Systems 8 1.4 Optical and Resolution Invariants; Optical Transfer 9 1.5 System Architecture 12 2 SCANNING THEORY AND PROCESSES 19 2.1 The Point Spread Function and Its Convolution 19 2.2 Quantized or Digitized Scan 27 2.3 Gaussian Beam Propagation 31 2.4 Scanned Quality Criteria and the Modulation Transfer Function 37 3 SCANNED RESOLUTION 45 3.1 Influence and Significance of Scanned Resolution 45 3.2 Aperture Shape Factor 50 3.3 The Resolution Equation, the Resolution Invariant, and Beam Propagation 54 3.4 Augmented Resolution 56 3.5 Resolution in Passive and Remote Sensing Systems 61 4 SCANNER DEVICES AND TECHNIQUES 63 4.1 Scanner Technology Organization 63 4.2 High-Inertia Scanning 65 4.3 Rotating Polygons 65 4.4 Holographic Scanners 85 4.5 Oscillatory (Vibrational) Scanners 100 4.6 Scanner-Lens Relationships 108 4.7 Low-Inertia Scanning 112 4.8 Acoustooptic Scanners 113 4.9 Electrooptic (Gradient) Scanners 124 4.10 Agile Beam Steering 128 5 CONTROL OF SCANNER BEAM MISPLACEMENT 147 5.1 Cross-Scan Error and Its Correction 148 5.2 The Ghost Image and Its Elimination 155 6 SUMMARY-MAJOR SCANNER CHARACTERISTICS 161 6.1 Comparison of Major Scanner Types 164 References 169 Index 179

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Book SynopsisMagnetic recording technology has very wide applications in numerous industries. Prominent among these are applications in the computer and recording industries. Beginning with the fundamentals of magnetism, this book discusses all aspects of magnetic recording.Table of ContentsParamagnetism and Ferromagnetism. Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism. Crystalline Anisotropy and Magnetostriction. Domains in Thin Films and Processing of Thin Films. Magnetic Recording Systems. Magnetoresistive and Giant Magnetoresistive Heads. Magnetic Recording Media. List of Abbreviations and Symbols. Appendices. Solutions to Problems. Index.

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Book SynopsisA collection of work from top researchers in the field, this book covers all aspects of self-similar network traffic. Readers will gain a better understanding of these networks through a broad introduction to the topic, as well as suggestions for future research.Trade Review"The primary objective of the book is to present a comprehensive yet cohesive account of some of the principal developments..." (IEE Signal Processing, Vol. 18, No. 1, January 2001)Table of ContentsSelf-Similar Network Traffic: An Overview (K. Park & W. Willinger). Wavelets for the Analysis, Estimation, and Synthesis of Scaling Data (P. Abry, et al.). Simulations with Heavy-Tailed Workloads (M. Crovella & L. Lipsky). Queueing Behavior Under Fractional Brownian Traffic (I. Norros). Heavy Load Queueing Analysis with LRD On/Off Sources (F. Brichet, et al.). The Single Server Queue: Heavy Tails and Heavy Traffic (O. Boxma & J. Cohen). Fluid Queues, On/Off Processes, and Teletraffic Modeling with Highly Variable and Correlated Inputs (S. Resnick & G. Samorodnitsky). Bounds on the Buffer Occupancy Probability with Self-Similar Input Traffic (N. Likhanov). Buffer Asymptotics for M/G/ Input Processes (A. Makowski & M. Parulekar). Asymptotic Analysis of Queues with Subexponential Arrival Processes (P. Jelenkovi). Traffic and Queueing from an Unbounded Set of Independent Memoryless On/Off Sources (P. Jacquet). Long-Range Dependence and Queueing Effects for VBR Video (D. Heyman & T. Lakshman). Analysis of Transient Loss Performance Impact of Long-Range Dependence in Network Traffic (G.-L. Li & V. Li). The Protocol Stack and Its Modulating Effect on Self-Similar Traffic (K. Park, et al.). Characteristics of TCP Connection Arrivals (A. Feldmann). Engineering for Quality of Service (J. Roberts). Network Design and Control Using On/Off and Multilevel Source Traffic Models with Heavy-Tailed Distributions (N. Duffield & W. Whitt). Congestion Control for Self-Similar Network Traffic (T. Tuan & K. Park). Quality of Service Provisioning for Long-Range-Dependent Real-Time Traffic (A. Adas & A. Mukherjhee). Toward an Improved Understanding of Network Traffic Dynamics (R. Riedi & W. Willinger). Future Directions and Open Problems in Performance Evaluation and Control of Self-Similar Network Traffic (K. Park). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the interdisciplinary field of solid electrodynamics and its applications in superconductor and microwave technologies. It gives scientists and engineers the foundation necessary to deal with theoretical and applied electromagnetics, continuum mechanics, applied superconductivity, high-speed electronic circuit design, microwave engineering and transducer technology.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Classical Electrodynamics. Continuum Electrodynamics of Deformable Solids. Electrodynamics of Superconductors in Weak Fields. Electrodynamics of Superconductors in Strong Fields. Electrodynamics of Josephson Junctions and Circuits. Electromagnetic Analysis of Transmission Lines and Waveguide. Electrodynamics of Deformable Superconductors. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisHaykin and Van Veen have designed Signals and Systems to be appropriate for both one- and two-semester sophomore-junior versions of the Signals and Systems course. The book''s integrated, balanced treatment of continuous- and discrete-time forms of signals and systems is both a reflection of the topics'' real roles in engineering practice and a clear, practical way of introducing the large range of topics covered by the course. Already known for its extensive example and problem sets, the Second Edition has added even more examples and problems. All chapters have been revised to improve clarity and organization.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 2. Time-Domain Representations of Linear Time-Invariant Systems. Chapter 3. Fourier Representations of Signals and Linear Time Invariant Systems. Chapter 4. Applications of Fourier Representations to Mixed Signal Classes. Chapter 5. Application to Communication Systems. Chapter 6. Representing Signals by Using Continuous-Time Complex Exponentials: The Laplace Transform. Chapter 7. Representing Signals by Using Discrete-Time Complex Exponentials: The z-Transform. Chapter 8. Application to Filters and Equalizers. Chapter 9. Application to Linear Feedback Systems. Chapter 10. Epilogue. Appendix A: Selected Mathematical Identities. Appendix B: Partial-Fraction Expansions. Appendix C: Tables of Fourier Representations and Properties. Appendix D: Tables of Laplace Transforms and Properties. Appendix E: Tables of z-Transforms and Properties. Appendix F: Introduction to MATLAB. Index.

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Book SynopsisA complete, one-stop reference on the state of the art of unsupervised adaptive filtering While unsupervised adaptive filtering has its roots in the 1960s, more recent advances in signal processing, information theory, imaging, and remote sensing have made this a hot area for research in several diverse fields.Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi 1 Introduction 1Simon Haykin 1.1 Why Adaptive Filtering? 1 1.2 Supervised and Unsupervised Forms of Adaptive Filtering 2 1.3 Two Important Unsupervised Signal-Processing Tasks 3 1.4 Three Fundamental Approaches to Unsupervised Adaptive Filtering 6 1.5 Organization of Volume II 10 References 11 2 The Core of FSE-CMA Behavior Theory 13C. R. Johnson, Jr., P. Schniter, I. Fijalkow, L. Tong, J. D. Behm, M. G. Larimore, D. R. Brown, R. A. Casas, T. J. Endres, S. Lambotharan, A. Touzni, H. H. Zeng, M. Green, and J. R. Treichler 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 MMSE Equalization and LMS 22 2.3 The CM Criterion and CMA 41 2.4 CMA-Adapted-Equalizer Design Issues with Illustrative Examples 75 2.5 Case Studies 89 2.6 Conclusions 106 References 108 3 Relationships between Blind Deconvolution and Blind Source Separation 113Scott C. Douglas and Simon Haykin 3.1 Introduction 113 3.2 Problem Descriptions 117 3.3 Algorithmic Relationships 122 3.4 Structural Relationships 129 3.5 Extensions 140 3.6 Conclusions 142 References 142 4 Blind Separation of Independent Sources Based on Multiuser Kurtosis Optimization Criteria 147Constantinos B. Papadias 4.1 Introduction 148 4.2 Problem Formulation and Assumptions 150 4.3 Review: The Single-User Equalization Problem 154 4.4 Necessary and Su½cient Conditions for BSS 160 4.5 Unconstrained Criteria: The MU-CM Approach 162 4.6 Constrained Criteria: The MUK Approach 165 4.7 Numerical Examples 171 4.8 Conclusions 175 References 176 Index 181

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive introduction to ICA for students and practitioners Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is one of the most exciting new topics in fields such as neural networks, advanced statistics, and signal processing.Trade Review"...researchers...introduce independent component analysis as a statistical and computational technique for revealing hidden factors that underlie sets of random variables, measurements, or signals." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES. Random Vectors and Independence. Gradients and Optimization Methods. Estimation Theory. Information Theory. Principal Component Analysis and Whitening. BASIC INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS. What is Independent Component Analysis? ICA by Maximization of Nongaussianity. ICA by Maximum Likelihood Estimation. ICA by Minimization of Mutual Information. ICA by Tensorial Methods. ICA by Nonlinear Decorrelation and Nonlinear PCA. Practical Considerations. Overview and Comparison of Basic ICA Methods. EXTENSIONS AND RELATED METHODS. Noisy ICA. ICA with Overcomplete Bases. Nonlinear ICA. Methods using Time Structure. Convolutive Mixtures and Blind Deconvolution. Other Extensions. APPLICATIONS OF ICA. Feature Extraction by ICA. Brain Imaging Applications. Telecommunications. Other Applications. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisA Local Area Network (LAN) is a network usually within a single office or building that links desktop computers with each other and with peripherals such as servers and printers. The interconnect is the electrical and functional association of two different services. This work concerns these areas.Table of ContentsPreface A Note from the COST253 Chariman Acronyms Figures Tables Contributors 1. Introduction Evolution of Satellite Communications EU Initiatives in Satellite Communications Operating Frequency Technical Considerations Objectives and Activities of COST253 Outline of Contents 2. Appropriate Traffic Generators for the Simulation of Services Supported by Non-GEO Constellation Source Traffic Parameters and Descriptors Quality of Service Parameters ATM Service Categories Statistical Behaviour of Traffic Sources Influences of Traffic Characteristics Source Models Geographic Traffic Models 3. Transmission Schemes Modulation Techniques Coding Techniques Synchronisation Catching Co-Channel Interference Chapter Summary and Perspectives 4. Networking LAN Interconnection Resource Control Congestion Control Multicast Reliability Security Security Infrastructure Conclusions 5. Evaluation Tools An Overview of Network Simulators LeoSim: A Simulator for Routing GaliLEO: A Framework for Joint Expertise CONSIM(TM) : A Complementary Tool for Reliability AristoteLEO SEESAWS: An Ambitious Concept 6. TCP/IP Over Satellite Transmission Control Protocol The Effects of Satellite Networks on TCP Performance Simulation Analysis Fixed - Mobile Convergence Further Research and Conclusions Appendices Index

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Book SynopsisThis edition includes IP (Internet Protocol), which enables Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) segments to travel between different networks. It presents key formulas describing traffic and queueing behaviour and offers practical examples for the design of networks.Trade Review"[the authors] introduce the design and performance issues surrounding Internet Protocol and Asynchronous Transfer Mode." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 2001)Table of ContentsINTRODUCTORY TOPICS 1 An Introduction to the Technologies of IP and ATM 2 Traffic Issues and Solutions 3 Teletraffic engineering 4 Performance evaluation 5 Fundamentals of Simulation 6 Traffic Models ATM QUEUEING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL 7 Basic Cell Switching 8 Cell scale queuing 9 Burst scale queuing 10 Connection admission control 11 Usage parameter control 11 Dimensioning 12 Priority control IP PERFORMANCE AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 13 Basic packet queuing 14 Resource reservation 15 IP buffer management 16 Self-similar traffic References Index

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Book SynopsisProvides a thorough and accessible introduction to the fast-growing area of multirate digital signal processing covering both the fundamental theory and the practical applications. The key characteristic of multirate algorithms is their high computational efficiency, and hence their increasing implementation in a range of applications from digital audio broadcasting to multi-carrier data transmission and subband speech coding. This book gives a comprehensive analysis of the subject and features include: * A summary of the key properties of those filters which employ multirate techniques including cascaded multirate filters, multirate complementary filters, and interpolated FIR filters * An assessment of the properties of various digital filter banks, such as quadratur mirror, parunitary, biorthogonal, modulated, polyphase, and multicomplementary filter banks * Design methodologies for multirate filters and filter banks * An examinatioTrade Review"... an accessible introduction for advanced students in electronics and computer science.", , , The Electronics and Computer Magazine#Table of ContentsSampling Rate Conversion. FIR Filters. Design of FIR Filters. Decimation and Interpolation. Multirate Filters. Two-Channel Filter Banks. Uniform M-Channel Filter Banks. Filter Banks with Polyphase Structure. Octave Filter Banks and Wavelets. Applications. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisNeural networks consist of interconnected groups of neurons which function as processing units and aim to reconstruct the operation of the human brain.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Fundamentals. Network Architectures for Prediction. Activation Functions Used in Neural Networks. Recurrent Neural Networks Architectures. Neural Networks as Nonlinear Adaptive Filters. Stability Issues in RNN Architectures. Data-Reusing Adaptive Learning Algorithms. A Class of Normalised Algorithms for Online Training of Recurrent Neural Networks. Convergence of Online Learning Algorithms in Neural Networks. Some Practical Considerations of Predictability and Learning Algorithms for Various Signals. Exploiting Inherent Relationships Between Parameters in Recurrent Neural Networks. Appendix A: The O Notation and Vector and Matrix Differentiation. Appendix B: Concepts from the Approximation Theory. Appendix C: Complex Sigmoid Activation Functions, Holomorphic Mappings and Modular Groups. Appendix D: Learning Algorithms for RNNs. Appendix E: Terminology Used in the Field of Neural Networks. Appendix F: On the A Posteriori Approach in Science and Engineering. Appendix G: Contraction Mapping Theorems. Appendix H: Linear GAS Relaxation. Appendix I: The Main Notions in Stability Theory. Appendix J: Deasonsonalising Time Series. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisSDL (Specification and Description Language) is a modern, high-level programming language intended for the description of complex, event-driven, real-time and communicating systems. SDL was originally designed to describe performance-critical, real-time systems with precision and accuracy, and, if used correctly, it can significantly enhance the performance of system designs. This text is unique in the integration between performance and design issues, describing the specific problems encountered when specifying, designing and implementing communication systems with SDL, and offers experience-based advice and solutions. Other topics covered include * Navigating through complex design processes * Strategies for deriving efficient implementations from SDL descriptions * The latest version of SDL, SDL-2000 Systems Engineering with SDL also includes a CD-ROM containing a demonstration version of Telelogic''s SDL design suite Trade Review"This practical guide to the design and implementation of communications systems and distributed applications aims to nip... [performance problems which lead to project failure]...in the bud." (SciTech Book News Vol. 25, No. 2 June 2001)Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Introduction. Integration of Performance Aspects in the Development Process. Design and Implementation of Communicating Systems. System Development with SDL. Implementing SDL. Performance Engineering in the Context of SDL. Final Remarks. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the practicalities of secure voice communication management. The author discusses various communication mediums, highlighting their technical aspects and their security risks. Readers will also find solutions to the problems facing the security systems designer, buyer, or manager.Trade Review"...well-written and accessible..." (Electronics Communication Engineering Journal, December 2002)Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgement Glossary Acronyms and Abbreviations 1. Threats and Solutions The Technical Threats to Communications Security Authentication Confidentiality Integrity Availability Compromising Emanation/Tempest Threats 2. An Introduction to Encryption and Security Management Analogue Scrambling Algorithms Goodbye DES, Hello DES Fundamentals in Key Management Evaluating Encryption Equipment 3. Voice Security in Military Applications Analogue Encryption of Naval Long range, HF Radio Communications Stand-alone Digital Cipher Units in Land-based Operations Radio Integrated Cipher Module 4. Telephone Security Specific Threats to Telephone Operations Network Technologies Telephone Security Solutions Key and Access Management Network Implementation Key Distribution Summary 5. Secure GSM Systems The Basic GSM Architecture Standard GSM Secuirty Features Custom Security for GSM Users Key Management and Tools GRPS General Packet Radio Systems 6. Security in Private VHF/UHF Radio Networks Applications and Features Threats Countermeasures Communications Network Design and Architecture Hardware Components and Functions Security and Key Management Other Security Features 7. Electronic Protection Measures - Frequency Hopping Electronic Warfare (EW) Electronic Protection Measures (EPM) Military Applications Network Architecture and Management Characteristics of Frequency Hopping Networks Key/Data Management and Tools Hardware components 8. Link and Bulk Encryption Basic Technology of Link Encryption The Ciphering Process Cryptographic Parameters Key and Network Management Military Link Security 9. Secure Fax Networks Basic Facsimile Technology Manual/Automatic Key Selection Network Architecture Key Management and Tools Fax Over Satellite Links 10. PC Security Security Threats and Risks Implementation of Solutions Access Protection Boot-up Protection by On-Board Hardware with Smart Card LAN Security Model Application of PC Security System Administration 11. Secure E-mail The E-mail Scenario Threats Type and Motivation of Attackers Methods of Attack Countermeasures Guidelines for E-mail Security 12. Secure Virtual Private Networks Scenario Definition VPN Protocols Packet Header Formats Security Association List Tunnel Table Routing Tables Packet Filtering Threats and Countermeasures Attacks within the Public Network 13. Military Data Communication Applications Data Terminals and their Operating Features Technical Parameters Security Management Key Management Combat Packet Data Networks 14. Managment, Support and Training Environments of Security Management Infrastructure and Planning Operational Hierarchies Training Customer Support Troubleshooting References Index

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Book SynopsisThis 2nd edition explores the increasingly important area of mobile data access. In addition, it shows how eBusiness is evolving and how technology can be progressively used to build more sophisticated solutions.Trade Reviewthis is required reading from anyone who tries to keep up with all the developments in this fast moving world." (Teleworker, March 2001) "...an excellent undergraduate textbook for introductory courses in electronic commerce...the authors deftly juggle in providing technical knowledge to both professional and general audience...I have to applaud their success in maintaining a balance..." (Telematics and Informatics, Vol.19, 2002)Table of ContentsDedication ix Preface xi About the Authors xiv Acknowledgements xv 1 Electronic Trade 1 2 The Electronic Marketplace 17 3 The Electronic Shop 39 4 Payments, Credit and Invoicing 57 5 Trust and Security 97 6 Integration 115 7 Supply Chain 137 8 Setting Up Shop 163 9 Putting the ‘e’ into your business 177 10 Underlying Technologies and Standards 195 11 mBusiness 255 12 Who is going to Make Money out of All of this and How? 277 Appendix 1 Case Studies 289 Appendix 2 The Gods of Technology 295 Appendix 3 Glossary 309 Bibliography 331 Index 333

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Book SynopsisBridging the gap between theory and practice, it clarifies important phenomena in photorefractive media and shows how to apply these phenomena in actual situations.Table of ContentsElectromagnetic Waves in Crystals. Electromagnetic Propagation in Periodic Media. Photorefractive Effects. Wave Mixing in Photorefractive Media. Photorefractive Resonators. Photorefractive Phase Conjugators. Diffraction Properties of Gratings in Photorefractive Media. Volume Holograms and Planar Holograms. Phase Conjugate Interferometry. Optical Computing. Other Applications. Higher Order Photo-Induced Gratings. Appendices. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThis book responds to the dramatic growth in digital signal processing (DSP) over the past decade. While its focal point is signal modeling, the book integrates and explores the relationships of signal modeling to the important problems of optimal filtering, spectral estimation, and adaptive filtering.Table of ContentsBackground. Discrete-Time Random Processes. Signal Modeling. The Levinson Recursion. Lattice Filters. Wiener Filtering. Spectrum Estimation. Adaptive Filtering. Appendix. Table of Symbols. Index.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in communications technology continue to accelerate.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Purpose and Scope of the Book. Introduction. Telecommunications Systems: An Overview. Some Common Interruptions. Basic Principles of Disaster Management. Designing for Disaster. Service Recovery. Options for Disaster Recovery. Telecommunications Systems and their Vulnerability. Safety Considerations. Legal Issues in Disaster Management. Case Studies. Conclusion. Appendix A: Troubleshooting Transistors. Appendix B: Troubleshooting Logic Circuits. Appendix C: Troubleshooting FETs and MOSFETs. Appendix D: How to Present Data for QoS Figures. Appendix E: Paralleling of Broadcasting Transmitters. Appendix F: Financial Turnaround at a TV Tube Maker. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisObject--oriented (OO) technology is an integral part of computer communications and multimedia service provisioning. Covering all areas related to OO programming in telecommunications applications, this book offers both theoretical and practical aspects of OO technology.Trade Review"...it is true that a book of this type may force the reader into an ocean of alphabet soup in acronyms...the first two sections are readable with little effort...target audience is engineers and managers...as well as researchers in the particular area..." (New Books and Multimedia, www.comsoc.org, November/December 2000)Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. Acronyms and Abbreviations. PART I: The Need for Advanced Software Technologies in Telecommunication Networks. Chapter 1: Networks and Telecommunications Software Evolution (G. Mamais, A. Papadakis, M. Perdikeas, I. Venieris.) 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 A Unifying Perspective of Networking Technologies. 1.3 Telecommunication Networks Technologies. 1.4 Internet Software Technologies. References. Chapter 2: Future Trends in Telecommunications Software Technologies (F. Chatzipapadopoulos, M. Perdikeas, I. Venieris). 2.1 Software in Telecommunication Environments. 2.2 The Role of Services in Telecommunications. 2.3 The Role of Services in Computer Networks. 2.4 Relative Pros and Cons of the Telecommunication Networks Approach. 2.5 Historical Practices that Underpinned Differentiation. 2.6 An Academic Perspective. 2.7 Computer Networks Revised. 2.8 Telecommunications Revised. 2.9 Future Trends and Enabling Technologies. References. PART II: Enabling Software Technologies. Chapter 3: Object Oriented Design Methodologies (G. Mamais, M. Perdikeas, I. Venieris). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 General Principles of Object Orientation. 3.3 Object Oriented Methodologies. 3.4 Object Oriented Approaches in Telecommunications Software. 3.5 Network Management and Service Engineering. References. Chapter 4: Distributed Object Technology (S. Choy, G. De Zen, O. Pyrovolakis). 4.1 General Principles. 4.2 Distributed Object Architectures. 4.3 Distributed Object Technology in Telecommunications. References. Chapter 5: Machine Independent Code (F. Chatzipapadopoulos, M. Perdikeas, I. Venieris). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Java. 5.3 Scripting Languages. 5.4 The Standard for Coding Multimedia Presentations - MHEG. References. Chapter 6: Agents (T. Magedanz, M. Perdikeas, I. Venieris). 6.1 General Principles of Software Agents. 6.2 Agent Standards. 6.3 Mobile Agent Platforms. 6.4 Mobile Agents in Telecommunications. References. PART III: Case Study: Distributed Intelligent Broadband Network. Chapter 7: Evolution towards a Distributed Intelligent Broadband Network (T. Magedanz, I. Venieris, F. Zizza). 7.1 Basic Intelligent Network Principles. 7.2 Intelligent Broadband Network. 7.3 Distributed Intelligent Broadband Network. 7.4 Need for Interworking with Conventional IN/B-IN. 7.5 Overview of Part III. References. Chapter 8: Architecture of the Distributed Intelligent Broadband Network (M. Breugst, L. Faglia, O. Pyrovolakis). 8.1 Introducing Advanced Software Technologies in the Distributed Intelligent Broadband Network. 8.2 The Distributed Intelligent Broadband Network Reference Architecture. 8.3 Extending IN Design Methodology for the DIBN. 8.4 The Physical Elements. References. Chapter 9: Deployment of DOT/MAT Technology into the Distributed Intelligent Broadband Network (F. Chatzipapadopoulos, S. Choy, I. Venieris, F. Zizza). 9.1 What CORBA Offers to the DIBN Architecture. 9.2 The Communication Backbone. 9.3 Exploiting MAT Migration Facilities in the DIBN. 9.4 Service Creation Methodology and Framework. 9.5 Service Management Mechanisms and Procedures. 9.6 Designing and Implementing IN Network Elements within the DOT/MAT Environment. References. Chapter 10: Service Specification in the Distributed Intelligent Network (M. Breugst, G. Marino, M. Perdikeas). 10.1 Service Description Methodology: UML. 10.2 IMR Service. 10.3 BVT Service with Mobility Management Support. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Second Edition of this critically-acclaimed text continues the standard of excellence set in the first edition by providing a thorough introduction to the fundamentals of telecommunication networks without bogging you down in complex technical jargon or math. Although focusing on the basics, the book has been thoroughly updated with the latest advances in the field, including a new chapter on metropolitan area networks (MANs) and new sections on Mobile Fi, ZigBee and ultrawideband. You'll learn which choices are now available to an organization, how to evaluate them and how to develop strategies that achieve the best balance among cost, security and performance factors for voice, data, and image communication. Trade Review"…presents a very comprehensive treatment on the basic concepts of telecommunication without advanced mathematics." (IEEE Circuits & Devices Magazine, November/December 2006) "...the concepts learned from this book will be a strong foundation for advanced studies in telecommunications and business data communication." (Computing Reviews.com, January 13, 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1. Introductory Concepts. Chapter 2. Signals Convey Intelligence. Chapter 3. Quality of Services and Telecommunication Impairments. Chapter 4. Transmission and Switching: Cornerstones of a Network. Chapter 5. Transmission Aspects of Voice Telephony. Chapter 6. Digital Networks. Chapter 7. Signaling. Chapter 8. Local and Long-Distance Networks. Chapter 9. Concepts of Transmission Transport. Chapter 10. Data Communications. Chapter 11. Enterprise Networks I: Local Area Network. Chapter 12. Enterprise Networks II: Wide Area Networks. Chapter 13. Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). Chapter 14. CCITT Signaling System No. 7. Chapter 15. Voice Over Packets in a Packet Network. Chapter 16. Television Transmission. Chapter 17. Community Antenna Television (Cable Television). Chapter 18. Cellular and PCS Radio Systems. Chapter 19. Advanced Broadband Digital Transport Formats. Chapter 20. Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Chapter 21. Network Management. Appendix A: Review of Fundamentals of Electrivity with Telecommunication Applications. Appendix B: A Review of Mathematics for Telecommunication Applications. Appendic C: Learning Decibles and Their Applications. Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security is an essential and timely collection of resources designed to support the effective communication of homeland security research across all disciplines and institutional boundaries. Truly a unique work this 4 volume set focuses on the science behind safety, security, and recovery from both man-made and natural disasters has a broad scope and international focus. The Handbook: Educates researchers in the critical needs of the homeland security and intelligence communities and the potential contributions of their own disciplines Emphasizes the role of fundamental science in creating novel technological solutions Details the international dimensions of homeland security and counterterrorism research Provides guidance on technology diffusion from the laboratory to the field Supports cross-disciplinary dialogue in this field between operational, R&D and consuTable of Contents1 INTRODUCTORY AND OVERVIEW. 2 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES AND TECHNOLOGIES. 2.1 Risk Modeling and Vulnerability Assessment. Terrorism Risk: Characteristics and Features. Risk Analysis Frameworks for Counterterrorism. Logic Trees: Fault, Success, Attack, Event, Probability, and Decision Trees. Bayesian Networks. Using Risk Analysis to Inform Intelligence Analysis. Vulnerability Assessment. Multi-objective Decision Analysis. Risk Communication. Experience with Expert Judgment: the TU Delft Expert Judgment Data. Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). Deterrence: An Empirical Psychological Model. Scenario Analysis, Cognitive Maps, And Concept Maps. Policy Development. Consequence Mitigation: Current Research and Future Trends. Time-Domain Probabilistic Risk Assessment Method for Interdependent Infrastructure Failure and Recovery Modeling. Social and Psychological Aspects. Risk Transfer and Insurance: Insurability Concepts and Programs for Covering Extreme Events. Quantitative Representation of Risk. Qualitative Representation of Risk. Terrorist Organizations and Modeling Trends. Cyber-Security. Defeating Surprise Through Threat Anticipation and Possibility Management. Memetics for Threat Reduction in Risk Management. High Consequence Threats: Electromagnetic Pulse. High Consequence Events: Nuclear Explosions. Modeling Population Dynamics for Homeland Security Applications. 2.2 Sensing and Detection. Protecting Security Sensors and Systems. Threat Signatures of Explosive Materials. Radioactive Materials Sensors. Knowledge Extraction from Surveillance Sensors. Sensing Dispersal of Chemical and Biological Agents in Urban Environments. Sensing Releases of Highly Toxic and Extremely Toxic Compounds. 2D-to-3D Face Recognition Systems. Eye and Iris Sensors. Dynamic Load Balancing for Robust Distributed Computing in the Presence of Topological Impairments. 2.3 Cyber Security. Advanced Attacker Detection and Understanding with Emerging Honeynet Technologies. Attack Traceback and Attribution. Authentication, Authorization, Access Control, and Privilege Management. Classes of Vulnerabilities and Attacks. Cyber Forensics. Cyber Security for the Banking and Finance Sector. Cyber Security Policy Specification and Management. Cyber Security Standards. Cyber Security Technology Usability and Management. Detection of hidden information, covert channels and information flows. High Assurance: Provably Secure Systems and Architectures. Industrial Process Control System Security. Multilevel Security. Security of Distributed, Ubiquitous, and Embedded Computing Platforms. Trusted Platforms: The Root of Security. 2.4 Protection and Prevention. Protection and Prevention: an Overview. Less-Lethal Payloads for Robotic and Automated Response Systems. Protection and Prevention: Security Assessment Methodologies for US Ports and Waterways. Homeland Security Perspective on Threats and Challenges. The Sensor Web: Advanced Technology for Situational Awareness. Defending Against Directed Energy Weapons: RF Weapons and Lasers. The Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST). Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Overview. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Australia. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Austria. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Brazil. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Canada. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Estonia. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Finland. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, France. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Germany. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Hungary. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, India. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Italy. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Japan. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Malaysia. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, New Zealand. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Norway. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Poland. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Republic of Korea. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Russia. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Singapore. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Spain. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Sweden. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Switzerland. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, the Netherlands. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, United Kingdom. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, United Nations. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, United States. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, the World Bank Group. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, European Union. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, NATO. Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Group of Eight (G8). Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). 2.5 Human Social and Behavioral Research. Audience sensing and tailoring for preferred and forced decision style. Behavioral screening. Biometrics Sensors. Consequence attribution (forward and reverse). Deception detection, tools for counterterrorism and homeland security. Human behavior and how it adjusts our actions in complex events in both positive and negative ways. Human emotion and its involvement in overt events for both observer and victim. Human perception and attention in information-rich and event-overloa situations. Information analysis and distillation under time constraints. Information Collection and presentation in high data volume and multiple timescale situations. Information repurposing and fusion. Temporal analysis and synchronization for proper understanding of real event sequences. 2.6 System and Sector Interdependencies. System and Sector Interdependencies: An Overview. The Genesis of Interdependencies Concepts. Analysis of Cascading Infrastructure Failures. Characterizing Infrastructure Failure Interdependencies to Inform Systemic Risk. Critical Infrastructure Protection Decision Making. Cyber Security Metrics and Measures. Geospatial Data Support for Infrastructure Interdependencies Analysis. Implications of Regulation on the Protection of Critical Infrastructures. Infrastructure Dependency Indicators. Inherently Secure Next-Generation Computing and Communication Networks for Reducing Cascading Impacts. Input-Output Modeling for Interdependent Infrastructure Sectors. Interdependent Energy Infrastructure Simulation System. Managing Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies: The Ontario Approach. Network Flow Approaches for Analyzing and Managing Disruptions to Interdependent Infrastructure Systems. Object-Oriented Approaches for Integrated Analysis of Interdependent Energy Networks. President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection and Presidential Decision Directive 63. Vulnerability Assessment Methodologies for Interdependent Systems. Water Infrastructure Interdependencies. 2.7 Human Information Systems. Human Sensation and Perception. Naturalistic Decision Making, Expertise, and Homeland Security. Security and Safety Synergy: Advancing Security with Human Factors Knowledge. Human Behavior and Deception Detection. Speech and Video Processing for Homeland Security. Classification and Clustering for Homeland Security Applications. Training and Learning Development for Homeland Security. 3 KEY APPLICATION AREAS. 3.1 Agriculture and Food Supply. Carcass Disposal Options. Decontamination and Disposal of Contaminated Foods. Developing Risk Metrics to Estimate Risks of Catastrophic Biological and Bioterrorist Events: Applications to the Food Industry. Early Detection and Diagnosis of High-Consequence Plant Pests in the United States. Insects As Vectors Of Foodborne Pathogens. Livestock Agroterrorism and the Potential Public Health Risk. Microbial Forensics and Plant Pathogens: Attribution of Agricultural Crime. Mid-Infrared Sensors for The Rapid Analysis of Select Microbial Food Borne Pathogens. Mitigating Consequences of Pathogen Inoculation into Processed Food. Mitigating Public Health Risks from an Agroterror Attack. Optimal Investments in Mitigating Agroterrorism Risks. Potential for Human Illness from Animal Transmission or Food-Borne Pathogens. Pulsenet: A Program to Detect and Track Food Contamination Events. Risk Assessment, Risk Management, and Preventive Best Practices for Retailers and Foodservice Establishments. Risk Communication: An Overlooked Tool in Combating Terrorism. Social, Psychological, and Communication Impacts of an Agroterrorism Attack. The EDEN Homeland Security Project: Educational Opportunities in Food and Agrosecurity. The Global Food Supply Chain. The Role of Food Safety in Food Security/Defense. The Use of Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequence (TVC) Analysis for Decision Making on The Deployment of Limited Security Resources. Vulnerability of the Domestic Food Supply Chain. 3.2 Water. Decontamination methods for drinking water treatment and distribution systems. Decontamination Methods for Wastewater and Stormwater Collection and Treatment Systems. Designing an Optimum Water Monitoring System. Drinking Water Supply, Treatment and Distribution Practice in the United States. Emergency response planning for drinking water systems. Health Risk Assessment for Radiological, Chemical, and Biological Attacks. Homeland Security and Wastewater Treatment. Protecting Water Infrastructure in the United States? Setting Priorities, Conducting Research, and Sharing Results. Roles of Federal, State, and Local Authorities in Water Infrastructure Security. Surveillance Methods and Technologies for Water and Wastewater Systems. Treatability of Contaminants in Conventional Systems. Understanding the Implications of Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies for Water. Water Infrastructure and Water Use in the United States. Water Supply and Wastewater Management Regulations, Standards, and Guidance. 3.3 Communications and Information Infrastructure. Wireless Security. Critical Infrastructure Protection: Telecommunication. 3.4 Energy Systems. Comparative Risk Assessment for Energy Systems: A Tool for Comprehensive Assessment of Energy Security. Large-Scale Electricity Transmission Grids: Lessons Learned from the European Electricity Blackouts. 3.5 Public Health. Biodefense Priorities in Life-science Research: Chemical Threat Agents. Biodefense Workforce. Biosurveillance Tradecraft. Developing a Threat List--Emerging Infectious Diseases. Development of Radiation Countermeasures. Farm Level Control of Foreign Animal Disease and Food-Borne Pathogens. Importation of Foreign Dengue Virus Presents Low Risk to US Homeland; Spread Will Not Parallel that of West Nile Virus. North Carolina Biosurveillance System. Practical Systems for Biosurveillance: The Military Perspective and Essence. 3.6 Transportation Security. Harden Security of High-Risk and Critical Supply Chains. Population Evacuations. Roles and Implications of Transportation Systems in Homeland Security. The Nation's Transportation System as a Security Challenge. Transportation Operations and Control. Transportation Security Performance Measures. 3.7 Intelligence Systems. Craniofacial Aging. File Forensics and Conversion. Finding Inadvertent Release of Information. Nano-Enabled Power Sources. New Approaches to IRIS Recognition: One-Dimensional Algorithms. Spectrally Adaptive Nanoscale Quantum Dot Sensors.

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