Cognitive studies Books

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Book SynopsisThis Element surveys contemporary philosophical and psychological work on various forms of irrationality: akrasia, strange beliefs, and implicit bias. It takes up several questions in an effort to better illuminate these more maligned aspects of human behaviour and cognition: what is rationality? Why is it irrational to act against one''s better judgement? Could it ever be rational to do so? What''s going wrong with beliefs in conspiracy theories, those arising from self-deception, or those which are classed as delusional? Might some of them in fact be appropriate responses to evidence? Are implicit biases irrational when they conflict with our avowed beliefs? Or might they be rational insofar as they track social realities?

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Book SynopsisHuman behavioural ecology examines the adaptive design of traits, behaviours, and life histories in an ecological context. With numerous ethnographic insights and field-based studies, this book will be a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students as well as academics interested in the social and biological sciences.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive introduction to the latest research and theory on learning and instruction with computer games.This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the latest research on learning and instruction with computer games. Unlike other books on the topic, which emphasize game development or best practices, Handbook of Game-Based Learning is based on empirical findings and grounded in psychological and learning sciences theory. The contributors, all leading researchers in the field, offer a range of perspectives, including cognitive, motivational, affective, and sociocultural. They explore research on whether (and how) computer games can help students learn educational content and academic skills; which game features (including feedback, incentives, adaptivity, narrative theme, and game mechanics) can improve the instructional effectiveness of these games; and applications, including games for learning in STEM disciplines, for training cognitive skills, for workforce lea

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Book SynopsisAn introduction to the study of children's language development that provides a uniquely accessible perspective on generative/universal grammar-based approaches.How children acquire language so quickly, easily, and uniformly is one of the great mysteries of the human experience. The theory of Universal Grammar suggests that one reason for the relative ease of early language acquisition is that children are born with a predisposition to create a grammar. This textbook offers an introduction to the study of children's acquisition and development of language from a generative/universal grammar-based theoretical perspective, providing comprehensive coverage of children's acquisition while presenting core concepts crucial to understanding generative linguistics more broadly. After laying the theoretical groundwork, including consideration of alternative frameworks, the book explores the development of the sound system of language—children's perception and production o

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Book SynopsisWhy you are more than just a brain, more than just a brain-and-body, and more than all your assumptions about who you are.Who are you? Are you just a brain? A brain and a body? All the things you have done and the friends you have made? Many of us assume that who we really are is something deep inside us, an inner sanctuary that contains our true selves. In Who You Are, Michael Spivey argues that the opposite is true: that you are more than a brain, more than a brain-and-body, and more than all your assumptions about who you are. Rather than peeling layers away to reveal the inner you, Spivey traces who you are outward. You may already feel in your heart that something outside your body is actually part of you—a child, a place, a favorite book. Spivey confirms this intuition with scientific findings.With each chapter, Spivey incrementally expands a common definition of the self. After (gently) helping you to discard your assumptions about who you ar

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Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive textbook on regression modeling for linguistic data offers an incisive conceptual overview along with worked examples that teach practical skills for realistic data analysis.In the first comprehensive textbook on regression modeling for linguistic data in a frequentist framework, Morgan Sonderegger provides graduate students and researchers with an incisive conceptual overview along with worked examples that teach practical skills for realistic data analysis. The book features extensive treatment of mixed-effects regression models, the most widely used statistical method for analyzing linguistic data. Sonderegger begins with preliminaries to regression modeling: assumptions, inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, power, and other errors. He then covers regression models for non-clustered data: linear regression, model selection and validation, logistic regression, and applied topics such as contrast coding and nonline

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Book SynopsisHow we can all be lifelong wonderers: restoring the sense of joy in discovery we felt as children.From an early age, children pepper adults with questions that ask why and how: Why do balloons float? How do plants grow from seeds? Why do birds have feathers? Young children have a powerful drive to learn about their world, wanting to know not just what something is but also how it got to be that way and how it works. Most adults, on the other hand, have little curiosity about whys and hows; we might unlock a door, for example, or boil an egg, with no idea of what happens to make such a thing possible. How can grown-ups recapture a child’s sense of wonder at the world? In this book, Frank Keil describes the cognitive dispositions that set children on their paths of discovery and explains how we can all become lifelong wonderers. Keil describes recent research on children’s minds that reveals an extraordinary set of emerging abilities

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Book SynopsisThe story of a quest to uncover the evolutionary history of consciousness from one of the world's leading theoretical psychologists.We feel, therefore we are. Conscious sensations ground our sense of self. They are crucial to our idea of ourselves as psychic beings: present, existent, and mattering. But is it only humans who feel this way? Do other animals? Will future machines? Weaving together intellectual adventure and cutting-edge science, Nicholas Humphrey describes in Sentience his quest for answers: from his discovery of blindsight in monkeys and his pioneering work on social intelligence to breakthroughs in the philosophy of mind.The goal is to solve the hard problem: to explain the wondrous, eerie fact of “phenomenal consciousness”—the redness of a poppy, the sweetness of honey, the pain of a bee sting. What does this magical dimension of experience amount to? What is it for? And why has it evolved? Humphrey presents here his new

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Book SynopsisA textbook for advanced students that goes beyond basic phonetics and phonology to investigate their interaction.Is speech in the mouth or in the brain? Do we hear with our ears or our minds? The answer is: both. The sounds of language are both physical objects and cognitive constructs. The physical aspects of speech are the province of phonetics: sound waves that are produced by the movement of articulators and received by the ear. Phonology, by contrast, studies cognitive aspects: systematic patterns in the ways that languages combine sounds to create meaning. Many books look at phonology and phonetics as separate disciplines. This book looks at the interaction between the two.

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Book SynopsisWhat is your emotional fingerprint? Why are some people so quick to recover from setbacks? Why are some so attuned to others that they seem psychic? Why are some people always up and others always down? In his thirty-year quest to answer these questions, pioneering neuroscientist Richard J. Davidson discovered that each of us has an Emotional Style, composed of Resilience, Outlook, Social Intuition, Self-Awareness, Sensitivity to Context, and Attention. Where we fall on these six continuums determines our own “emotional fingerprint.” Sharing Dr. Davidson’s fascinating case histories and experiments, The Emotional Life of Your Brain offers a new model for treating conditions like autism and depression as it empowers us all to better understand ourselves—and live more meaningful lives.Trade Review"Whether he is measuring neural activity in the laboratory or climbing the Himalayas to meet the Dalai Lama, Davidson is an inveterate explorer who has spent a lifetime probing the deep mystery of human feeling. Don't miss this smart and lively book by the world's foremost expert on emotion and the brain."—Daniel Gilbert, Ph.D., author of Stumbling on Happiness"The Emotional Life of Your Brain is an eye-opener, replete with breakthrough research that will change the way you see yourself and everyone you know. Richard Davidson and Sharon Begley make a star team: cutting-edge findings formulated in a delightful, can't-put-it-down read. I loved this book."—Daniel Goleman, Ph.D., bestselling author of Emotional Intelligence"What a gift from the world's leading neuroscientist who works on what makes life worth living. This is a must-read for everyone who is interested in positive psychology."—Martin E. P. Seligman, Ph.D., author of Learned Optimism

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Book Synopsis“Fascinating and useful . . . The distinguished memory researcher Scott A. Small explains why forgetfulness is not only normal but also beneficial.”—Walter Isaacson, bestselling author of The Code Breaker and Leonardo da VinciWho wouldn’t want a better memory? Dr. Scott Small has dedicated his career to understanding why memory forsakes us. As director of the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at Columbia University, he focuses largely on patients who experience pathological forgetting, and it is in contrast to their suffering that normal forgetting, which we experience every day, appears in sharp relief. Until recently, most everyone—memory scientists included—believed that forgetting served no purpose. But new research in psychology, neurobiology, medicine, and computer science tells a different story. Forgetting is not a failure of our minds. It’s not even a benign glitch. It is, in fac

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Book Synopsis“If you’ve ever wondered why we keep secrets and what motivates us to spill them, look no further. Michael Slepian has spent the past decade studying the psychology of secrets, and is ready to reveal his findings to the world.”—Adam Grant, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Think Again “The Secret Life of Secrets gracefully blends engaging stories with compelling science.”—Sonja Lyubomirsky, University of California professor and author of The How of Happiness Think of a secret that you’re keeping from others. It shouldn’t take long; behavioral scientist Michael Slepian finds that, on average, we are keeping as many as thirteen secrets at any given time. His research involving more than 50,000 participants from around the world shows that the most common secrets include lies we’ve told, ambitions, addictions, mental health challenges, hidden relationships

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Book SynopsisAs seen on the TODAY Show, The New York Times, People Magazine, Mind Body Green, and more “If you would like to live a more fulfilled life, Samantha Boardman has exactly what you need. Everyday Vitality is one part memoir, one part wisdom from years of experience as a psychiatrist, and one part cutting edge scientific evidence. Brilliant, warm, and best of all—an actionable guide to a life well-lived.”—Angela Duckworth, New York Times bestselling author of Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance Science-backed, research-driven, actionable strategies for countering stress and building your resilience “A great deal of everyday wellbeing lies beyond what is happening inside a person’s head. Everyday opportunities and activities that foster growth and build positive resources are not 'icing on the cake,' but the active ingredients of everyday resilience.” &

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Book SynopsisPresents a discussion of how key concepts from cognitive science complicate our cultural interpretations of strange literary phenomena. This title discusses motifs of confused identity and of twins in drama, and science fiction's use of robots, cyborgs, and androids. It reveals the range of key concepts from science in literary interpretation.Trade ReviewThe book is stylistically well-written and features interesting readings of various texts. -- Marcus Hartner Zeitschrift fuer Anglistik und Amerikanistik 2009 The author gives herself a refreshingly modest assignment: to demonstrate that a certain cognitive predisposition has contributed to the development of, and continued interest in, specific literary motifs that occur across a wide variety of cultures. This is all that she tries to do, and she does it very well. Philosophy and Literature 2009 Zunshine renders the book accessible to the general reader. -- Aristie Trendel CerclesTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPart 1: "But what am I, then?": Chasing Personal Essences across National Literatures1. Ural Mountains–Rome–London2. Essentialism, Functionalism, and Cognitive Psychology3. Possible Evolutionary Origins of Essentialist Thinking4. "A bullet's a bullet's a bullet!"5. Talk to the Door Politely or Tickle It in Exactly the Right Place6. Resisting Essentialism7. The Ever-Receding "Essence" of Sosia8. Identical Twins and Theater9. How Is Mr. Darcy Different from Colin Firth?10. Looking for the Real Mademoiselle11. "Mahatma Gandhi: war!" "But he was a pacifist." "Right! War!"Part 2: Why Robots Go Astray, or The Cognitive Foundations of the Frankenstein Complex1. What Is the Frankenstein Complex?2. On Zygoons, Thricklers, and Kerpas3. Theory of Mind4. Theory of Mind and Categorization: Preliminary Implications5. Concepts That Resist Categorization6. . . . and the Stories They Make Possible7. The Stories That Can Be Told about a Talking Needle8. Asimov's "The Bicentennial Man"9. Cognitive Construction of "Undoubted Facts": "The Bicentennial Man" and the Logic of Essentialism10. Made to Rebel11. Why Phyllis Is Still a Robot12. . . . and Why Rei Toei Is Not13. More Human Than Thou (Piercy's He, She and It)14. Made to Pray15. Made to Serve. Made to Obey. Made to Break HeartsPart 3: Some Species of Nonsense1. How Nonsense Makes Sense in The Hunting of the Snark2. "Strings of Impossibilia" and What They Tell Us about the Value of Nonsense3. "Painters of the Unimaginable," or More aboutReally Strange ConceptsConclusion: Almost beyond FictionNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisPresents a discussion of how key concepts from cognitive science complicate our cultural interpretations of strange literary phenomena. This title discusses motifs of confused identity and of twins in drama, and science fiction's use of robots, cyborgs, and androids. It reveals the range of key concepts from science in literary interpretation.Trade ReviewThe book is stylistically well-written and features interesting readings of various texts. -- Marcus Hartner Zeitschrift fuer Anglistik und Amerikanistik 2009 The author gives herself a refreshingly modest assignment: to demonstrate that a certain cognitive predisposition has contributed to the development of, and continued interest in, specific literary motifs that occur across a wide variety of cultures. This is all that she tries to do, and she does it very well. Philosophy and Literature 2009 Zunshine renders the book accessible to the general reader. -- Aristie Trendel CerclesTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPart 1: "But what am I, then?": Chasing Personal Essences across National Literatures1. Ural Mountains–Rome–London2. Essentialism, Functionalism, and Cognitive Psychology3. Possible Evolutionary Origins of Essentialist Thinking4. "A bullet's a bullet's a bullet!"5. Talk to the Door Politely or Tickle It in Exactly the Right Place6. Resisting Essentialism7. The Ever-Receding "Essence" of Sosia8. Identical Twins and Theater9. How Is Mr. Darcy Different from Colin Firth?10. Looking for the Real Mademoiselle11. "Mahatma Gandhi: war!" "But he was a pacifist." "Right! War!"Part 2: Why Robots Go Astray, or The Cognitive Foundations of the Frankenstein Complex1. What Is the Frankenstein Complex?2. On Zygoons, Thricklers, and Kerpas3. Theory of Mind4. Theory of Mind and Categorization: Preliminary Implications5. Concepts That Resist Categorization6. . . . and the Stories They Make Possible7. The Stories That Can Be Told about a Talking Needle8. Asimov's "The Bicentennial Man"9. Cognitive Construction of "Undoubted Facts": "The Bicentennial Man" and the Logic of Essentialism10. Made to Rebel11. Why Phyllis Is Still a Robot12. . . . and Why Rei Toei Is Not13. More Human Than Thou (Piercy's He, She and It)14. Made to Pray15. Made to Serve. Made to Obey. Made to Break HeartsPart 3: Some Species of Nonsense1. How Nonsense Makes Sense in The Hunting of the Snark2. "Strings of Impossibilia" and What They Tell Us about the Value of Nonsense3. "Painters of the Unimaginable," or More aboutReally Strange ConceptsConclusion: Almost beyond FictionNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisA “rock star” (New York Times) of the computing world provides a radical new work on the meaning of human consciousness.

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Book SynopsisThe best-selling author of Subliminal and The Drunkard’s Walk teaches you how to tap into the hidden power of your brain.   “Elastic is a book that will help you survive the whirlwind.” —Daniel H. Pink, author of When and A Whole New MindNamed to the 800-CEO-READ Business Book Awards Longlist  In this startling and provocative look at how the human mind deals with change, Leonard Mlodinow shows us to unleash the natural abilities we all possess so we can thrive in dynamic and troubled times. Truly original minds capitalize when everyone else struggles. And most of us assume that these abilities are innate, reserved for a select few. But Mlodinow reveals that we all possess them, that we all have encoded in our brains a skill he terms elastic thinking—and he guides us in how to harness it. Drawing on groundbreaking r

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xvii Acknowledgments xix Walkthrough of Pedagogical Features xxi Companion Website xxii Section I: The Neurobiology of Thinking 1 1 Introduction and History 4 Key Themes 4 A Brief (and Selective) History 6 Construct validity in models of cognition 6 Localization of function vs. mass action 7 The first scientifically rigorous demonstrations of localization of function 9 What is a Brain and What Does It Do? 12 Looking Ahead to the Development of Cognitive Neuroscience 13 End-of-Chapter Questions 14 References 14 Other Sources Used 14 Further Reading 15 2 The Brain 16 Key Themes 16 Pep Talk 18 Gross Anatomy 18 The cerebral cortex 21 The Neuron 23 Electrical and chemical properties of the neuron 23 Oscillatory Fluctuations in the Membrane Potential 28 Neurons are never truly “at rest” 28 Oscillatory synchrony 29 Complicated, and Complex 31 End-of-Chapter Questions 32 References 32 Other Sources Used 33 Further Reading 33 3 Methods for Cognitive Neuroscience 34 Key Themes 34 Behavior, Structure, Function, and Models 36 Behavior 36 Neuropsychology, neurophysiology, and the limits of inference 36 Different kinds of neuropsychology address different kinds of questions 37 How does behavior relate to mental functions? 38 Methods for lesioning targeted areas of the brain 39 Nonlocalized trauma 39 Transcranial Neurostimulation 40 The importance of specificity (again) 41 Transcranial magnetic stimulation 43 Anatomy and Cellular Physiology 47 Techniques that exploit the cell biology of the neuron 48 Electrophysiology 51 Invasive recording with microelectrodes: action potentials and local field potentials 51 Electrocorticography 53 Electroencephalography 53 Magnetoencephalography 55 Invasive Neurostimulation 55 Electrical microstimulation 55 Optogenetics 55 Analysis of Time-Varying Signals 56 Event-related analyses 56 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 61 Physics and engineering bases 61 MRI methods for in vivo anatomical imaging 64 Functional magnetic resonance imaging 65 Functional connectivity 70 Resting state functional correlations 70 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 73 Tomography 73 X-ray computed tomography 73 Positron emission tomography 73 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 76 Some Considerations For Experimental Design 76 Computational Models and Analytic Approaches 78 Neural network modeling 78 Network science and graph theory 82 End-of-Chapter Questions 84 References 85 Other Sources Used 86 Further Reading 86 Section II: Sensation, Perception, Attention, and Action 87 4 Sensation and Perception of Visual Signals 90 Key Themes 90 The Dominant Sense in Primates 92 Organization of the Visual System 92 The visual field 92 The retina and the LGN of the thalamus 92 The retinotopic organization of primary visual cortex 93 The receptive field 95 Information Processing in Primary Visual Cortex – Bottom-Up Feature Detection 96 The V1 neuron as feature detector 96 Columns, hypercolumns, and pinwheels 99 Information Processing in Primary Visual Cortex – Interactivity 100 Feedforward and feedback projections of V1 100 The relation between visual processing and the brain’s physiological state 104 Where Does Sensation End? Where Does Perception Begin? 106 End-of-Chapter Questions 106 References 107 Other Sources Used 107 Further Reading 108 5 Audition and Somatosensation 109 Key Themes 109 Apologia 111 Audition 111 Auditory sensation 111 Auditory perception 115 Adieu to audition 119 Somatosensation 119 Transduction of mechanical and thermal energy, and of pain 119 Somatotopy 122 Somatosensory plasticity 126 Phantom limbs and phantom pain 129 Proprioception 131 Adieu to sensation 131 End-of-Chapter Questions 131 References 132 Other Sources Used 132 Further Reading 132 6 The Visual System 134 Key Themes 134 Familiar Principles and Processes, Applied to Higher-Level Representations 136 Two Parallel Pathways 136 A diversity of projections from V1 136 A functional dissociation of visual perception of what an object is vs. where it is located 137 Interconnectedness within and between the two pathways 142 The Organization and Functions of the Ventral Visual Processing Stream 144 Hand cells, face cells, and grandmother cells 144 Broader implications of visual properties of temporal cortex neurons 149 A hierarchy of stimulus representation 150 Object-based (viewpoint-independent) vs. image-based (viewpoint-dependent) representation in IT 153 A critical role for feedback in the ventral visual processing stream 153 Taking Stock 158 End-of-Chapter Questions 158 References 159 Other Sources Used 159 Further Reading 160 7 Spatial Cognition and Attention 161 Key Themes 161 Unilateral Neglect: A Fertile Source of Models of Spatial Cognition and Attention 163 Unilateral neglect: a clinicoanatomical primer 163 Hypotheses arising from clinical observations of neglect 164 The Functional Anatomy of the Dorsal Stream 166 Coordinate transformations to guide action with perception 169 From Parietal Space to Medial-Temporal Place 172 Place cells in the hippocampus 173 How does place come to be represented in the hippocampus? 175 The Neurophysiology of Sensory Attention 175 A day at the circus 176 Attending to locations vs. attending to objects 176 Mechanisms of spatial attention 180 Effects of attention on neuronal activity 181 Turning Our Attention to the Future 185 End-of-Chapter Questions 185 References 186 Other Sources Used 186 Further Reading 187 8 Skeletomotor Control 188 Key Themes 188 The Organization of the Motor System 190 The anatomy of the motor system 190 The corticospinal tract 190 The cortico-cerebellar circuit 190 The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits 192 Functional Principles of Motor Control 193 The biomechanics of motor control 193 Motor cortex 196 The neurophysiology of movement 196 Motor Control Outside of Motor Cortex 202 Parietal cortex: guiding how we move 202 A neurological dissociation between perceiving objects and acting on them 203 Cerebellum: motor learning, balance, . . . and mental representation? 204 Synaptic plasticity 205 Basal ganglia 206 Cognitive Functions of the Motor System 211 Mirror neurons 212 Holding a mirror up to nature? 213 It’s All About Action 214 End-of-Chapter Questions 214 References 215 Other Sources Used 215 Further Reading 216 9 Oculomotor Control and the Control of Attention 218 Key Themes 218 Attention and Action 220 Whys and Hows of Eye Movements 220 Three categories of eye movements 220 The Organization of the Oculomotor System 221 An overview of the circuitry 221 The superior colliculus 222 The posterior system 222 The frontal eye field 223 The supplementary eye field 223 The Control of Eye Movements, and of Attention, In Humans 224 Human oculomotor control 224 Human attentional control 226 The Control of Attention via the Oculomotor System 227 Covert attention 227 Where’s the attentional controller? 230 Are Oculomotor Control and Attentional Control Really the “Same Thing”? 233 The “method of visual inspection” 234 “Prioritized maps of space in human frontoparietal cortex” 235 Of Labels and Mechanisms 238 End-of-Chapter Questions 238 References 238 Other Sources Used 239 Further Reading 240 Section III: Mental Representation 241 10 Visual Object Recognition and Knowledge 243 Key Themes 243 Visual Agnosia 245 Apperceptive agnosia 245 Associative agnosia 245 Computational Models of Visual Object Recognition 247 Two neuropsychological traditions 247 The cognitive neuroscience revolution in visual cognition 249 Category Specificity in the Ventral Stream? 249 Are faces special? 249 Perceptual expertise 251 Evidence for a high degree of specificity for many categories in ventral occipitotemporal cortex 252 Evidence for highly distributed category representation in ventral occipitotemporal cortex 253 Demonstrating necessity 256 The code for facial identity in the primate brain (!?!) 258 Visual Perception as Predictive Coding 261 Playing 20 Questions With the Brain 262 End-of-Chapter Questions 264 References 264 Other Sources Used 265 Further Reading 265 11 Neural Bases of Memory 267 Key Themes 267 Plasticity, Learning, and Memory 269 The Case of H.M. 269 Bilateral medial temporal lobectomy 269 Hippocampus vs. MTL? 272 Association Through Synaptic Modification 273 Long-term potentiation 273 The necessity of NMDA channels for LTM formation 277 How Might the Hippocampus Work? 277 Fast-encoding hippocampus vs. slow-encoding cortex 278 Episodic memory for sequences 279 Episodic memory as an evolutionary elaboration of navigational processing 282 What Are the Cognitive Functions of the Hippocampus? 283 Standard anatomical model 283 Challenges to the standard anatomical model 283 Consolidation 285 Reconsolidation 286 To Consolidate 286 End-of-Chapter Questions 288 References 288 Other Sources Used 289 Further Reading 290 12 Declarative Long-Term Memory 291 Key Themes 291 The Cognitive Neuroscience of LTM 293 Encoding 293 Neuroimaging the hippocampus 293 Incidental encoding into LTM during a short-term memory task 296 The Hippocampus in Spatial Memory Experts 299 Retrieval 299 Retrieval without awareness 300 Documenting contextual reinstatement in the brain 301 Familiarity vs. recollection 303 Knowledge 306 End-of-Chapter Questions 306 References 307 Other Sources Used 308 Further Reading 308 13 Semantic Long-Term Memory 310 Key Themes 310 Knowledge in the Brain 312 Definitions and Basic Facts 312 Category-Specific Deficits Following Brain Damage 313 Animacy, or function? 313 A PDP model of modality specificity 314 The domain-specific knowledge hypothesis 314 How definitive is a single case study? A double dissociation? 315 The Neuroimaging of Knowledge 316 The meaning, and processing, of words 316 An aside about the role of language in semantics and the study of semantics 316 PET scanning of object knowledge 317 Knowledge retrieval or lexical access? 318 Repetition effects and fMRI adaptation 319 The Progressive Loss of Knowledge 321 Primary Progressive Aphasia or Semantic Dementia, Nonverbal deficits in fluent primary progressive aphasia? 322 The locus of damage in fluent primary progressive aphasia? 322 Distal effects of neurodegeneration 324 Entente cordiale 324 Nuance and Challenges 326 End-of-Chapter Questions 326 References 327 Other Sources Used 328 Further Reading 329 14 Working Memory 330 Key Themes 330 “Prolonged Perception” Or “Activated LTM?” 332 Definitions 332 Working Memory and the PFC? The Roots of a Long and Fraught Association 333 Early focus on role of PFC in the control of STM 334 Single-unit delay-period activity in PFC and thalamus 335 Working Memory Capacity and Contralateral Delay Activity 342 The electrophysiology of visual working memory capacity 343 Novel Insights From Multivariate Data Analysis 349 The tradition of univariate analyses 349 MVPA of fMRI 349 Retrospective MVPA of single-unit extracellular recordings 356 Activity? Who Needs Activity? 357 Four-Score and a Handful of Years (and Counting) 360 End-of-Chapter Questions 360 References 360 Other Sources Used 362 Further Reading 362 Section IV: High-Level Cognition 363 15 Cognitive Control 365 Key Themes 365 The Lateral Frontal-Lobe Syndrome 367 Environmental-dependency syndrome 367 Perseveration 368 Electrophysiology of the frontal-lobe syndrome 370 Integration? 371 Models of Cognitive Control 371 Developmental cognitive neuroscience 371 Generalizing beyond development 374 What makes the PFC special? 375 Influence of the DA reward signal on the functions of PFC 376 Neural Activity Relating to Cognitive Control 378 Error monitoring 378 Going Meta 386 Where is the controller? 388 End-of-Chapter Questions 389 References 389 Other Sources Used 390 Further Reading 391 16 Decision Making 392 Key Themes 392 Between Perception and Action 394 Perceptual Decision Making 394 Judging the direction of motion 394 LIP 396 Modeling perceptual decision making 396 Controversy and complications 399 Perceptual decision making in humans 401 Value-Based Decision Making 402 The influence of expected value on activity in LIP 403 Common currency in the omPFC 404 Has neuroeconomics taught us anything about the economics of decision making? 409 Foraging 410 Boys being boys 411 Peer pressure 411 Next Stop 412 End-of-Chapter Questions 412 References 412 Other Sources Used 413 Further Reading 414 17 Social Behavior 415 Key Themes 415 Trustworthiness: A Preamble 417 Delaying gratification: a social influence on a “frontal” class of behaviors 417 The Role of vmPFC in the Control of Social Cognition 418 Phineas Gage 418 Contemporary behavioral neurology 420 Theory of Mind 422 The ToM network 422 The temporoparietal junction (TPJ) 423 False beliefs (?) about Rebecca Saxe’s mind 425 A final assessment of the role of RTPJ in ToM mentalization 429 Observational Learning 430 Predicting the outcome of someone else’s actions 430 Trustworthiness, Revisited 435 End-of-Chapter Questions 435 References 436 Other Sources Used 437 Further Reading 437 18 Emotion 438 Key Themes 438 What is an Emotion? 440 Approach/withdrawal 440 From “feeling words” to neural systems 440 At the nexus of perception and social cognition 440 Trustworthiness Revisited – Again 440 A role for the amygdala in the processing of trustworthiness 441 Implicit information processing by the amygdala 443 The Amygdala 444 Klüver–Bucy syndrome 444 Pavlovian fear conditioning 444 Emotional content in declarative memories 446 The amygdala’s influence on other brain systems 449 The Control of Emotions 450 Extinction 450 How Does That Make You Feel? 455 End-of-Chapter Questions 457 References 458 Other Sources Used 458 Further Reading 459 19 Language 460 Key Themes 460 A System of Remarkable Complexity 462 Wernicke–Lichtheim: The Classical Core Language Network 462 The aphasias 462 The functional relevance of the connectivity of the network 463 Speech Perception 464 Segregation of the speech signal 464 Dual routes for speech processing 468 Grammar 469 Genetics 469 Rules in the brain? 471 Broca’s area 472 The electrophysiology of grammar 475 Speech Production 477 A psycholinguistic model of production 477 Forward models for the control of production 477 Prediction 479 Integration 480 End-of-Chapter Questions 481 References 481 Other Sources Used 483 Further Reading 483 20 Consciousness 485 Key Themes 485 The Most Complex Object in the Universe 487 Different Approaches to the Problem 487 The Physiology of Consciousness 488 Neurological syndromes 488 Sleep 492 Anesthesia 494 Summary across physiological studies 495 Brain Functions Supporting Conscious Perception 495 Are we conscious of activity in early sensory cortex? 497 Manipulating extrinsic factors to study conscious vs. unconscious vision 500 Are Attention and Awareness the Same Thing? 501 Theories of Consciousness 503 Global Workspace Theory 503 Recurrent Processing Theory 505 Integrated Information Theory 506 Updating the Consciousness Graph 508 End-of-Chapter Questions 509 References 509 Other Sources Used 511 Further Reading 511 Glossary G-1 Index I-1

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Book SynopsisSocial neuroscience is a rapidly growing field which explains, using neural mechanisms, our ability to recognize, understand, and interact with others. Concepts such as trust, revenge, empathy, prejudice, and love are now being explored and unravelled by neuroscientists. This engaging and cutting-edge text provides an accessible introduction to the complex methods and concepts of social neuroscience, with examples from contemporary research and a blend of different pedagogical features helping students to engage with the material, including essay questions, summary and key points, and further reading suggestions.The second edition of this ground-breaking text has been thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the growing volume of evidence and theories in the field. Notable additions include a greater emphasis on genetics and hormones, and the expansion of topics such as cultural neuroscience, emotion regulation, biological markers of autism, power and status, social categor

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Book SynopsisWith a foreword by well-known neuroscientist Alain Berthoz, The Style of Gestures convincingly makes the case that embodied cognition is essential to the reception, understanding, and enjoyment of art and literature.Trade ReviewWhat is remarkable about The Style of Gestures... is that it combines a precisely grounded model from neuroscience with persuasive readings of texts across a wide historical range, from medieval works such as Gawain and the Green Knight via Shakespeare and Milton to Joyce and Proust. Guillemette Bolens is a medievalist and a comparatist, and she is always sensitive to the cultural constraints within which her readings must operate: no one could accuse her of reductive universalism or anachronism. Her work thus provides a powerful and persuasive example of what a cognitive literary criticism can achieve. -- Terence Cave Times Literary Supplement This book successfully translates its analytic tools and interpretative frameworks beyond the page into the reader's next reading experience and, perhaps, social encounter. As Bolens writes, 'literature is powerful because, more than any other type of discourse, it triggers the activation of unpredicted sensorimotor configurations and surprises the mind with its own imaginative and cognitive possibilities.' -- Rebecca Dobson MAKE: A Literary Magazine The Style of Gestures brings interdisciplinary research from the field of embodied cognition to medieval textual criticism, and the results are remarkable... Bolens's work demonstrates the clear advantages of embracing the shift towards embodied cognition. -- Melissa Raine ParergonTable of ContentsForeword by Alain BerthozAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. The Body in Literature2. Kinesic Tropes and Action Verbs3. Verecundia and Social Wounding in the Legend of Lucrece4. Face-work and Ambiguous Feats in Sir Gawain and the Green KnightConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThis engaging book exemplifies the new interdisciplinary field of cognitive cultural studies, demonstrating that collaboration between cognitive science and cultural studies is both exciting and productive.Trade ReviewZunshine's book was difficult to stop reading; while she handles all these genres with skill, clearly her strength is in reading literature (as she returns to literary references even in the other chapters). Having an understanding of human evolution and how the brain works makes reading a book such as Zunshine's more satisfying. -- Gregory F. Tague ASEBL Journal Offers readers a good deal of food for thought and exemplifies how illuminating the principles from science can be when applied to other forms of culture. Highly recommended. Choice Drawing widely and judiciously on recent research in neuroscience, Getting Inside Your Head expands [theory of mind] to cover all of human culture, from novels to films, plays, musicals, paintings and reality shows. -- Michael Berube American ScientistTable of ContentsList of IllustrationsPreface: Fantasies of Access1. Culture of Greedy Mind Readers2. I Know What You're Thinking, Mr. Darcy!3. Sadistic Benefactors4. Theaters, Hippodromes, and Other Mousetraps5. Movies: The Power of Restraint6. Mockumentaries, Photography, and Stand-Up Comedy: Upping the Agony7. Reality TV: Humiliation in Real Time8. Musicals (Particularly around 11 pm)9. Painting Feelings10. Painting MysteriesCodaNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThe latest installment of The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience series features in-depth reviews of the major issues and emerging topics in cognitive neuroscience, including the role of strategies in motor learning; efficient coding and the neural representation of value; the emotion paradox in the aging brain; perceptual foundations of bilingual acquisition in infancy; understanding disgust; color through the lens of art practice, history, philosophy and neuroscience; functional imaging studies of emotion regulation; and neuropeptides and social recognition NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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Book SynopsisIn this pioneering book, Joseph Shaules presents exciting new research from cultural psychology and neuroscience. It sheds light on the hidden influence of culture on the unconscious mind, and helps people get more out of their intercultural journeys.The Intercultural Mind presents new perspectives on important questions such as: What is culture shock, and how does it affect us? Why are we blind to our own cultural conditioning? Can cultural differences be measured? What does it mean to have an international mindset? Illustrated with a wealth of examples and memorable stories, The Intercultural Mind is a fascinating look at how intercultural experiences can transform the geography of our minds.Trade ReviewIt was about time that someone put it all together in understandable language! Besides the best and latest insights from research around human cognition and culture, Shaules book contains very useful examples that can form a basis for creating and facilitating learning activities. A milestone which will contribute toward the achievement of human peace in our multicultural world. * SIETAR Europa Journal *Shaules seamlessly compares and intertwines recent neuroscientific research with traditional perspectives and theories. A very readable presentation on how what we currently label cognition and culture interact. * Human Technology: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Humans in ICT Environments *A fascinating and important book about understanding cross-culturalism. Lively, well-written, incisive, and fun to read. -- Robert Whiting, Pulitzer Prize, nominee and bestselling author of Tokyo UnderworldA much-needed exploration drawing on neuroscience, cultural psychology, and exciting reports from the field. Joseph Shaules goes beyond the excellence of his previous books. -- Stefan Meister, Managing Director, InterculturesThe Intercultural Mind provides an accessible and intelligent introduction to the potential blend of cultural neuroscience and intercultural competence. This topic will surely be influential in the future of the field. -- Janet Marie Bennett, Executive Director, Intercultural Communication Institute

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