Civil engineering, surveying and building Books

Book SynopsisGreywater Reuse examines the features and implications of greywater reuse scientifically, quantitatively, and thoroughly. Based on the authors' extensive studies of treatment facilities in urban and rural environments, development of greywater treatment systems, and research of potential environmental and health risks posed by greywater at different treatment levels, this authoritative text: Describes the chemical, physical, and microbial properties of greywater Covers the treatment and removal of greywater pollutants, providing case studies of common methods Identifies the risks involved in greywater use and proposes regulatory measures to help reduce these risks Reviews the greywater management strategies, policies, and legislation of several different countries Discusses the prevailing public perception and willingness to adopt various uses of greywater Analyzes the economic impact of greywater reuse from both tTrade Review"… the most comprehensive publication on greywater reuse to date. ... spans the chemical, microbial, physical, economic, management and policy basics of greywater and its reuse. The set of practices and policies addressed in the book can lead towards water security in the face of climate change and heightened human demand."—Water International Journal, October 2015 "To my knowledge, this is the first book that provides scientific data for safe reuse of greywater and should provide the basis for promoting safe reuse of greywater. Hence, it should be useful for a wide range of audiences, from policy makers at national, state, and local governments to the academic community in teaching and learning, as well as for researchers as a basis to advance knowledge in this field."—Goen Ho, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia "… comprehensive, international, unbiased, expert."—David Butler, University of Exeter, UK Table of ContentsGreywater Characteristics. Greywater Treatment. Greywater Usages. Risk Assessment and Management. Policy and Legislation. Perceptions and Attitudes toward Greywater Recycling: A Review. Technoeconomic Aspects of Greywater Reuse.

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Book SynopsisVibro compaction and vibro stone columns are the two dynamic methods of soil improvement most commonly used worldwide. These methods have been developed over almost eighty years and are now of unrivalled importance as modern foundation measures. Vibro compaction works on granular soils by densification, and vibro stone columns are used to displace and reinforce fine-grained and cohesive soils by introducing inert material.This second edition includes also a chapter on vibro concrete columns constructed with almost identical depth vibrators. These small diameter concrete piles are increasingly used as ground improvement methods for moderately loaded large spread foundations, although the original soil characteristics are only marginally improved.This practical guide for professional geotechnical engineers and graduate students systematically covers the theoretical basis and design principles behind the methods, the equipment used during their execution, anTrade Review"This practical guide will be of value to practising ground engineering professionals involved with deep vibratory (ground improvement) methods either as specifiers or practitioners, also to academics, civil and geotechnical engineering consultants and post-graduate students requiring a more detailed knowledge of the subject matter."—Colin Serridge, in Ground Improvement: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers"This is the book to have for a comprehensive understanding of ground improvement by deep vibratory methods. While the topic is covered broadly in ground improvement books, this book is dedicated solely to deep vibratory methods and, as such, presents a greater level of detail in design, construction, case studies and environmental considerations. In addition, the book is well-written."—Jeffrey Evans, Bucknell University, USATable of ContentsAn Overview of Deep Soil Improvement by Vibratory Methods. History of Vibratory Deep Compaction. Vibro Compaction of Granular Soils. Improvement of Fine Grained and Cohesive Soils by Vibro Replacement Stone Columns. Method Variations such as Vibro Concrete Columns and Related Processes. Environmental Considerations. Contractual Matters.

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Book SynopsisIdeal for undergraduate students from all branches of engineering, this simple and easy-to-understand text provides comprehensive coverage of the strength of materials, covering stresses and strains, shear force and bending, torsion, deflection, and strain energy as well as closed-coil helical springs, columns and struts, and thick and thin cylinders. Written in a clear and student-friendly manner, the book includes numerous questions, solved problems, and representative diagrams that aid in comprehension and preparation for AMIE, GATE, and other competitive engineering examinations.Table of ContentsSimple Stresses and Strains. Shear Force and Bending Moments. Bending Stresses in Beams. Shear Stresses in Beams. Torsion. Closed-Coil Helical Springs. Direct and Bendng Stresses. Columns and Struts. Deflection. Principal Plans and Stresses. Strain Energy. Thin Cylinders. Thick Cylinders.

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Book SynopsisThe neighborhoods and the biophysical, political, and cultural environments all play a key role in affecting health outcomes of individuals. Unequal spatial distribution of resources such as clinics, hospitals, public transportation, fresh food markets, and schools could make some communities as a whole more vulnerable and less resilient to adverse health effects. This somber reality suggests that it is rather the question of who you are depends upon where you are and the fact that health inequality is both a people and a place concern. That is why health inequality needs to be investigated in a spatial setting to deepen our understanding of why and how some geographical areas experience poorer health than others. This book introduces how spatial context shapes health inequalities.Spatial Health Inequalities: Adapting GIS Tools and Data Analysis demonstrates the spatial health inequalities in six most important topics in environmental and public health, includinTrade Review"The book offers a spatial perspective to health inequality with the premise that health is a cross-product of people and places. The author covers a wide range of diseases and illnesses, each of which she details data collections, spatial methods and GIS approaches with practical, compelling case studies. This textbook places firmly the importance of geographic contexts to spatial health, medical geography, and geo-medicine. It is informative and instrumental for anyone who is interested in learning health inequalities and GIS applications."—May Yuan, University of Texas at Dallas, USA"I thoroughly enjoyed this addition to the GIS and Health canon. What is particularly nice is the focus on real-world examples allowing students to make the connection between technique, theory and actual need. The book is not overly dense on jargon meaning – it is also a good first exposure for readers with little or no GIS ability. Highly recommended as an entry point into the spatial health world." —Andrew Curtis, Kent State University, Ohio, USA"Dr. Ozdenerol’s book Spatial Health Inequalities: Adapting GIS Tools and Data Analysis, provides an exceptional overview of the important role of GIS in regional, national, and international health system improvement efforts and delves deep into the ways that both communities and researchers can use GIS to track and improve health. Her important work is ideally suited as a primary text for a course on GIS and can readily guide students through the many ways GIS tools and data can be employed in applied public health and health care research."— James E. Bailey, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA"This textbook places firmly the importance of geographic contexts to spatial health, medical geography, and geo-medicine. It is informative and instrumental for anyone who is interested in learning health inequalities and GIS applications." —May Yuan, University of Texas at Dallas, USA"I thoroughly enjoyed this addition to the GIS and Health canon. What is particularly nice is the focus on real-world examples allowing students to make the connection between technique, theory and actual need. The book is not overly dense on jargon meaning – it is also a good first exposure for readers with little or no GIS ability. Highly recommended as an entry point into the spatial health world." —Andrew Curtis, Kent State University, Ohio, USA"Dr. Ozdenerol’s book Spatial Health Inequalities: Adapting GIS Tools and Data Analysis, provides an exceptional overview of the important role of GIS in regional, national, and international health system improvement efforts and delves deep into the ways that both communities and researchers can use GIS to track and improve health. Her important work is ideally suited as a primary text for a course on GIS and can readily guide students through the many ways GIS tools and data can be employed in applied public health and health care research." — James E. Bailey, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USATable of ContentsNew Emerging Trends in Health Information Technology. Chronic Diseases. Birth Health. Infectious Diseases. Children’s Lead Poisoning. GIS’s Applications in Health-Care Access. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition adds several new chapters and is thoroughly updated to include data on new topics such as hydraulic fracturing, CO2 sequestration, sustainable groundwater management, and more. Providing a complete treatment of the theory and practice of groundwater engineering, this new handbook also presents a current and detailed review of how to model the flow of water and the transport of contaminants both in the unsaturated and saturated zones, covers the protection of groundwater, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater. Trade Review"This is one of the best books in groundwater science and engineering. It is comprehensive both in terms of variety of subject areas and the material covered for each subject. It includes theory, modelling, and applications. So, it can be used as textbook, reference book, and even as a book for design guidelines. It contains basic concepts as well as advanced and state-of-the-art materials. It is a must-have book for students, researchers, consultants, academics, and practitioners."— S.M. Hassanizadeh, Utrecht University, The Netherlands"This is the ideal text for students and professionals who are interested in learning the subsurface hydrology and advanced application in groundwater engineering."—Kuo-Chin Hsu, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"I see two major attractive features of this book: first, a broad coverage of the topic of groundwater hydrology, second, chapters made by outstanding researchers in the field that provide on the edge methodologies and results. This is a familiar material for me which confirms that this book may serve as a state-of-the-art presentation of groundwater physics. As such, I would certainly like to have it on my bookshelves, and I would also strongly recommend that to my students."—Michel Quintard, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, France"The book is encyclopedic in its scope and is a valuable resource for both practitioners and researchers. The handbook covers traditional topics, as well as cutting edge topics on new emerging groundwater problems. There is no other comprehensive book that includes new topics such as multiscale methods, hydraulic tomography, scaling, anomalous dispersion, CO2 sequestration, climate change, and ecohydrology."—Albert J. Valocchi, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"I find the materials very concise and exceptionally well-written. …the book is an encyclopedia for beginners, and a catalogue for advanced readers; but also readable to general audience with a basic level of scientific training."—Peng Wang, Beihang University, Beijing, China"The handbook presents a nice and complete review on the most important topics related to groundwater hydrology. I do research in the field of porous media and I know very well the quality of the research published by the different scientists in charge for the writing of the handbook’s chapters. Since theoretical aspects and well as advanced and evolving approaches are described, the handbook is suitable for students that want to approach the ‘porous medium world’ as well as researchers that want to be updated on the novel issues concerning porous medium investigation and modeling." —Monica Moroni, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy"The book gives a nice ‘big-picture’ introduction to the classical and state-of-the-art concepts used in hydrology. Ideal for anyone entering a hydrological field without the specific technological background. I work with graduate students and researchers in other areas, and this book is an ideal resource for bridging fields."— Lynn Schreyer, Washington State University, USA"…a well-rounded tool useful to academicians, modelers, and engineering practitioners alike. I appreciate the very thorough approach to groundwater engineering. I am confident the materials presented can act as a reference for both academics and practitioners, and thus reach to a broad audience. The index is complete, and so is the coverage of classical and innovative topics." — Vittorio Di Federico, University in Bologna, Italy"I am sure that students, teachers, researchers and practitioners concerned with groundwater analysis will find much in this book that is instructive, useful and timely."— Gerardo Severino, University of Naples Federico II, Italy"This book could be an interesting addition to any hydrogeological library. It would be a good complement to most groundwater textbooks, particularly by providing additional material on modeling concepts and field investigations. A good overview of some advanced and emerging topics is provided."—Groundwater, July-August 2017"This is one of the best books in groundwater science and engineering. It is comprehensive both in terms of variety of subject areas and the material covered for each subject. It includes theory, modelling, and applications. So, it can be used as textbook, reference book, and even as a book for design guidelines. It contains basic concepts as well as advanced and state-of-the-art materials. It is a must-have book for students, researchers, consultants, academics, and practitioners." —S. M. Hassanizadeh, Utrecht University, The Netherlands"This is the ideal text for students and professionals who are interested in learning the subsurface hydrology and advanced applications in groundwater engineering."—Kuo-Chin Hsu, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"The book is encyclopedic in its scope and is a valuable resource for both practitioners and researchers. The handbook covers traditional topics, as well as cutting edge topics on new emerging groundwater problems. There is no other comprehensive book that includes new topics such as multiscale methods, hydraulic tomography, scaling, anomalous dispersion, CO2 sequestration, climate change, and ecohydrology."—Albert J. Valocchi, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA"The book gives a nice ‘big-picture’ introduction to the classical and state-of-the-art concepts used in hydrology. Ideal for anyone entering a hydrological field without the specific technological background. I work with graduate students and researchers in other areas, and this book is an ideal resource for bridging fields."—Lynn Schreyer, Washington State University, USA"I find the materials very concise and exceptionally well-written . . . the book is an encyclopedia for beginners, and a catalogue for advanced readers; but also readable to general audience with a basic level of scientific training." —Peng Wang, Beihang University, Beijing, China"The handbook presents a nice and complete review on the most important topics related to groundwater hydrology. I do research in the field of porous media and I know very well the quality of the research published by the different scientists in charge for the writing of the handbook’s chapters. Since theoretical aspects and well as advanced and evolving approaches are described, the handbook is suitable for students that want to approach the ‘porous medium world’ as well as researchers that want to be updated on the novel issues concerning porous medium investigation and modeling." —Monica Moroni, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy" . . .a well-rounded tool useful to academicians, modelers, and engineering practitioners alike. I appreciate the very thorough approach to groundwater engineering. I am confident the materials presented can act as a reference for both academics and practitioners, and thus reach to a broad audience. The index is complete, and so is the coverage of classical and innovative topics." —Vittorio Di Federico, University of Bologna, Italy"I am sure that students, teachers, researchers and practitioners concerned with groundwater analysis will find much in this book that is instructive, useful and timely."—Gerardo Severino, University of Naples Federico II, Italy"This book could be an interesting addition to any hydrogeological library. It would be a good complement to most groundwater textbooks, particularly by providing additional material on modeling concepts and field investigations. A good overview of some advanced and emerging topics is provided."—Groundwater, July-August 2017Table of ContentsClassical Hydrogeology. History of Groundwater. Geological Occurrence of Groundwater. Field Methods for Groundwater Evaluation. Elementary Groundwater Flow and Transport. Two and Three Dimensional Groundwater Flow. Groundwater Modeling. Groundwater Contaminants. Flow and Transport in Fractured Media. Groundwater Monitoring. Well Design and Construction. Well Hydraulics and Aquifer Tests. Classical Vadose Zone Modeling. Soil Properties and Movement in the Unsaturated Zone. Infiltration. Contaminant Transport in the Unsaturated Zone. Preferential Flow. Data Acquisition and Analysis (Geophysics, etc.). Hydrogeological Characterization. Geophysicial and Tracer Characterization. Geostatistics. Hydraulic Tomography. GIS and Groundwater. Subsurface Heterogeneity/Uncertainty Quantification/Mode Validation. MADE Site and Heterogeneity. Saturated Transport Under Certainty. Risk Assessment. Optimization Under Certainty. Model Validation. Advanced Modeling Techniques and Topics. Fractal Concepts. Anomalous Transport. Mixing. Multiscale Models of Flow and Transport. Scaling. Flow and Transport in Swelling Clays. Karstic Flows. Surface/Groundwater Interactions. Sea Water Intrusion. Application Areas. CO2 Sequestration. Sustainable Groundwater Development. Global Warming and Groundwater. Ecohydrology. Biodegradation. Landfills. Remediation. Mining and Groundwater Protection. Fracking.

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Book SynopsisAwareness of the importance of ensuring durability of concrete has been a growing concern of engineers, and there is now considerable understanding of the mechanisms, which cause its deterioration, and means of limiting such damage through the use of appropriate materials and approaches to design.Many of the deterioration mechanisms, which affect concrete, are the result of interaction with the non-living environment chlorides in seawater, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, cyclic freezing and thawing. However, living organisms can also cause damage through both chemical and physical processes - which under the right conditions, can be severe.This book looks at all forms of concrete biodeterioration together for the first time. It examines, from a fundamental starting point, biodeterioration mechanisms, as well as the conditions which allow living organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants and a range of marine organisms) to colonise concrete. A detailed evaluation of chemicaTable of ContentsIntroduction. The Chemistry of Concrete Biodeterioration. Bacterial Biodeterioration. Fungal Biodeterioration. Plants and Biodeterioration. Damage to Concrete from Animal Activity.

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Book Synopsis  Starting with the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident, Oil Spill Impacts: Taxonomic and Ontological Approaches chronicles a timeline of events that focus on the impact of oil spills and provides an understanding of these incidents using a number of approaches. The book includes an interdisciplinary oil spill taxonomy, an oil spill topic map, and highlights informationorganization tools, such as indexes, taxonomies, and topic maps that can be used to connect information resources with concepts of interest. The topic map combines the function of ontology with the function of organized information resources, and contains thousands of concepts and their relationships extracted from approximately 300 documents stemming from various academic conference presentations, journal articles, news reports, and web pages. Divided into four parts, the book begins with a brief introduction of the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spilTrade Review"… extremely valuable to students and novices in the oil spill community."—Dr. Carl E. Brown, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Quebec"… an entirely new approach to the study of oil spill effects on the environment. The approach is a unique approach using a system of taxonomy and ontology to describe the effects of oil spills."—Merv Fingas, Spill Science, Alberta, Canada"For those involved with oil spills in the coastal marine environment, this book is an essential reference. The amount of time and experience that went into its compilation must have been enormous. The book should thus be flagged as a must have for those charged with dealing with aspects of oil spills, whether working in government and private industry. The Deep Horizon incident is ample proof that such a book was much needed in 2010. Thanks to the efforts of these tireless researchers, considerable information has been collated in a useful manner. This book is thus highly recommended as an essential, practical guide for addressing oil-spill impacts."—Journal of Coastal Research, September 2016"…an extremely useful reference for all those interested in the topic for whatever reason."—Chromatographia, September 2016 "… extremely valuable to students and novices in the oil spill community."—Dr. Carl E. Brown, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Quebec"… an entirely new approach to the study of oil spill effects on the environment. The approach is a unique approach using a system of taxonomy and ontology to describe the effects of oil spills."—Merv Fingas, Spill Science, Alberta, Canada"For those involved with oil spills in the coastal marine environment, this book is an essential reference. The amount of time and experience that went into its compilation must have been enormous. The book should thus be flagged as a must have for those charged with dealing with aspects of oil spills, whether working in government and private industry. The Deep Horizon incident is ample proof that such a book was much needed in 2010. Thanks to the efforts of these tireless researchers, considerable information has been collated in a useful manner. This book is thus highly recommended as an essential, practical guide for addressing oil-spill impacts."—Journal of Coastal Research, September 2016"…an extremely useful reference for all those interested in the topic for whatever reason."—Chromatographia, September 2016Table of ContentsMethodology. Deepwater Horizon Circle of Life and Death. Oil Spill Taxonomy. Oil Spill Topic Map: Concepts, Relationships, and References. References. Oil Spill Research Information Resources.

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Book SynopsisThe construction industry is bombarded with ever-changing building materialscomponents of which are more and more difficult, if not impossible, to identify. Building material emissions have been implicated as a major source of indoor air pollution, and toxic gases, often unidentified, are generated in building fires. Building Materials: Product Emission and Combustion Health Hazards undertakes the task of identifying building materials emission and combustion health hazards. This practical guide introduces the complex world of polymers commonly used in building materials along with plasticizers and additives that are not regulated by OSHA. It also explores the topic of building materials as they relate to function and their emissions/combustion products along with thermal decomposition and combustion products as they relate to fire first responders. Engaging environmental professionals, construction management firms, architectsTrade Review"Dr. Hess-Kosa’s book provides…a searchlight of clear, expert information that guides the reader through natural and synthetic building materials, their uses, properties, emissions, and risks. This book is an heir to Rachel Carlson (Silent Spring) and Theo Colborn (Our Stolen Future) but with a new turn: from building foundation to chimney top the author describes hundreds of classes and specific building materials, explaining their potential hazards. Everyone who builds, renovates, enters, works in or lives in buildings, as well as anyone who studies the safety of the building environment will find this work invaluable." —Daniel Friedman, InspectApedia.com, Poughkeepsie New York, USA"This would be an excellent resource for anyone concerned about exposure to chemicals released from building materials (including furnishings and even consumer products). This includes architects, contactors, health professionals and building managers. Also building office occupants themselves and homeowners who are exposed daily to the indoor environment. The general public and responders such as firefighters are exposed to smoke and fumes emitted from building materials in case of fires and would find information presented in this book invaluable." — Charles S. Jamison, The University of Texas at Austin, USATable of ContentsContentsPreface.................................................................................................................... xiiiAcknowledgments.................................................................................................xvAuthor................................................................................................................... xviiSection I All Things Considered1. Building Material Components: Old and New, Natural andSynthetic............................................................................................................3Natural Building Products..............................................................................4Asbestos.........................................................................................................5Lead................................................................................................................7Crystalline Silica..........................................................................................8Non-Emission Toxins..................................................................................9Plastics’ Most Notorious..................................................................................9Formaldehyde............................................................................................. 10Modern Building Materials........................................................................... 11Summary.......................................................................................................... 12References........................................................................................................ 132. Product Emissions and Evolution of Indoor Air Pollution................... 15Evolution of Public Awareness..................................................................... 16Tainted Chinese Drywall.......................................................................... 18Laminate Flooring.....................................................................................20The Wonderland of Product Emissions....................................................... 21The Green Movement.....................................................................................22The U.S. Green Building Council LEED Program.................................22The Standard for the Design of High-Performance, GreenBuildings: Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings............................... 24Summary..........................................................................................................25References........................................................................................................273. Safety Data Sheets, Green Movement, and More...................................29Safety Data Sheets...........................................................................................30California Green Buildings Emissions Testing for VOCs.........................33Green Product Emissions Testing and Certification Programs...............36U.S. EPA Toxic Substances Control Listings and FormaldehydeStandards for Composite Wood Products................................................... 41Information and Interpretation Limitations...............................................42Environmental Movement Banishes Toxin Building Materials...............44Summary..........................................................................................................48References........................................................................................................50Section II Polymers in Construction4. Polymers in Our World.................................................................................55The World of Polymers...................................................................................56The Chemistry of Polymers...........................................................................60Polymerization of Synthetic Polymers.................................................... 61The Polymeric Backbone........................................................................... 61Thermoset Plastics versus Thermoplastic.............................................. 62Molecular Arrangement and Properties of ThermoplasticPolymers................................................................................................... 62Plasticizers and Additives........................................................................63Hazards of Polymers......................................................................................63Summary..........................................................................................................65References........................................................................................................665. Plastics Commonly Found in Building Materials.................................. 69Thermoplastic Polymers................................................................................ 70Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene............................................................71Polycarbonate..............................................................................................72Polymethyl Methacrylate..........................................................................72Polyethylene................................................................................................73Polypropylene.............................................................................................75Polyvinyl Chloride.....................................................................................75Thermoset Plastics..........................................................................................77Urea Formaldehyde...................................................................................77Melamine Formaldehyde..........................................................................79Phenol Formaldehyde................................................................................80Resorcinol Formaldehyde.........................................................................82References........................................................................................................826. Polymeric Foams............................................................................................85Foremost in Popularity..................................................................................86Polyurethane Foam....................................................................................86Polyisocyanurate Foam............................................................................. 87Polystyrene Foam.......................................................................................88Minor Contributors........................................................................................89Polyvinyl Chloride Foam..........................................................................90Polyethylene Foam..................................................................................... 91Infamy Worthy of Mention............................................................................ 91Urea Formaldehyde Foam........................................................................92Summary..........................................................................................................93References........................................................................................................947. Elastomeric Polymers....................................................................................95Butyl Rubber....................................................................................................96Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene.....................................................................97Ethylene Polypropylene Diene Monomer Rubber......................................99Neoprene Rubber.......................................................................................... 100Polyurea/Polyaspartic Elastomer............................................................... 101Silicone........................................................................................................... 102Summary........................................................................................................ 103References...................................................................................................... 1038. Plasticizers.................................................................................................... 105Most Prominent Plasticizers....................................................................... 106Phthalates.................................................................................................. 106Lesser Plasticizers......................................................................................... 110Trimellitates.............................................................................................. 110Adipates..................................................................................................... 111Sebacates.................................................................................................... 111Maleates..................................................................................................... 112Benzoates................................................................................................... 113Chlorinated Paraffins.............................................................................. 113Summary........................................................................................................ 115References...................................................................................................... 1159. Plastic Additives.......................................................................................... 117Stabilizers....................................................................................................... 117Antioxidants............................................................................................. 118Ultraviolet Light Stabilizers.................................................................... 118Heat Stabilizers......................................................................................... 120Flame Retardants..........................................................................................122Halogenated Flame Retardants............................................................. 123Inorganic Flame Retardants................................................................... 125Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants................................................... 126Fillers.............................................................................................................. 127Foaming Agents............................................................................................ 128Physical Foaming Agents........................................................................ 129Chemical Foaming Agents..................................................................... 129Summary........................................................................................................ 132References...................................................................................................... 133Section III Building Materials by Function10. Overview of Building Material Components........................................ 137Function versus Type................................................................................... 137Composition Gone Wild.............................................................................. 138Toxins of Old............................................................................................. 138Polymers Run Amuck.............................................................................. 139The Brew of Organic Toxins................................................................... 140Toxic Metals and Metalloids................................................................... 142Thermal Decomposition and Combustion................................................ 143Heating Up: Abundance of Irritants/Toxins........................................ 143Combustion Silent Killers....................................................................... 144Carcinogenic Combustion Products Associated with Fires.............. 145Dioxins, Not to Be Confused with Dioxane......................................... 147The Ever Present Asbestos...................................................................... 148Location of Building Material Emitters and the Effect ofEnvironmental Conditions.......................................................................... 148Summary........................................................................................................ 150References...................................................................................................... 15111. Foundations, Framing, Sheathing, and Vapor Barriers....................... 153Foundation Components............................................................................. 153Timber Piles.............................................................................................. 155Stone Foundation Building Materials................................................... 156Concrete Foundations............................................................................. 156Concrete and Steel Support Piles........................................................... 158Framing Components................................................................................... 158Wood Framing.......................................................................................... 158Conventional Lumber......................................................................... 159Treated Lumber................................................................................... 160Engineered Lumber Products........................................................... 170Components, Emissions, and Heat Decomposition By-Productsof Lumber.................................................................................................. 172Steel Framing............................................................................................ 173Concrete Formed Walls........................................................................... 174Exterior Wall/Roof Sheathing and Structural Subflooring.................... 175Asphalt-Impregnated Fiberboard Sheathing....................................... 175Plywood Sheathing and Interior Subflooring...................................... 176OSB Sheathing and Interior Subflooring.............................................. 177Gypsum Board Exterior Sheathing....................................................... 177Cement Board Sheathing and Interior Subflooring............................ 178Vapor Barriers................................................................................................ 179Asphalt-Saturated Felt............................................................................. 181Plastic Vapor Barriers.............................................................................. 181Summary........................................................................................................ 183References...................................................................................................... 18312. Exterior Enclosure Components............................................................... 185Windows and Doors..................................................................................... 185Wood.......................................................................................................... 186Aluminum/Steel and More.................................................................... 188Fiberglass................................................................................................... 188Rigid Vinyl................................................................................................ 189Hollow Core Door and Window Frame Treatments........................... 190Glazing Treatments.................................................................................. 191Roofing Materials.......................................................................................... 191Asphalt Shingles...................................................................................... 192Wood Shakes and Shingles..................................................................... 192Clay and Concrete Tiles.......................................................................... 193Slate Tiles................................................................................................... 194Metal Sheets and Panels.......................................................................... 194Built-Up Roof............................................................................................ 195MB Roof Membranes............................................................................... 197Synthetic Roof Membranes..................................................................... 198Rubber Membranes............................................................................. 198Thermoplastic Polymer Membranes................................................ 199Exterior Wall Cladding................................................................................ 201Siding and Panels..................................................................................... 201Metal..................................................................................................... 202Wood..................................................................................................... 202Fiber Cement........................................................................................203Hardboard............................................................................................203Vinyl Siding..........................................................................................204Masonry Products....................................................................................204Natural Stone.......................................................................................204Brick.......................................................................................................206Stucco.................................................................................................... 207Synthetic/Faux Walls (e.g., EIFS)........................................................... 207Finishing Touches.........................................................................................209Summary........................................................................................................209References...................................................................................................... 21113. Plumbing, Electrical, and Mechanical Systems.................................... 213Plumbing: Water and Sewage/Wastewater Pipes.................................... 214Metal Water and Wastewater Pipes....................................................... 216Plastic Pipes.............................................................................................. 217Electricals....................................................................................................... 218Conductor Insulation............................................................................... 219Conduit/Raceways................................................................................... 219Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning.............................................220HVAC Thermal/Acoustical Insulation.................................................. 221Guilty by Association: Refrigerant Gases and Heating Fuels...........222Refrigerant Gases................................................................................222Heating Fuels.......................................................................................223Condensate Water Drains.................................................................. 224Summary........................................................................................................226References......................................................................................................22714. Thermal/Acoustical Insulation and Interior Wall/CeilingMaterials........................................................................................................229Thermal/Acoustical Building Insulation..................................................230Natural Fibers and Cellulose Insulation...............................................230Mineral Insulation................................................................................... 232Fiberglass Insulation...............................................................................233Spray and Rigid Panel Foam Building Insulation...............................235Interior Walls and Ceilings.........................................................................236Gypsum Board.........................................................................................236Cement Board...........................................................................................238Lime Plaster...................................................................................................238Magnesia Wallboard................................................................................ 239Solid Wood and Composite Wood Products........................................ 239Mined/Quarried Products...................................................................... 240Faux Stone and Stone Veneer Products................................................. 241Light Transmitting Concrete.................................................................. 241Suspended Ceiling Tiles and Panels..................................................... 242Summary........................................................................................................ 244References...................................................................................................... 24515. Interior Finish-Out Components.............................................................. 247Cabinets.......................................................................................................... 247Solid Wood and Veneered Cabinets...................................................... 248Stainless Steel and Other Metal Cabinets............................................ 249Synthetic Polymer Cabinets.................................................................... 249Countertops...................................................................................................250Natural Stone Countertops.....................................................................250Metal Countertops................................................................................... 251Ceramic and Porcelain Tile Countertops.............................................. 251Concrete Countertops.............................................................................. 251Butcher Block Countertops..................................................................... 251Synthetic Polymer Countertops............................................................. 251Flooring Materials........................................................................................253Natural Stone............................................................................................253Wood Flooring..........................................................................................254Ceramic/Porcelain Tiles.......................................................................... 257Carpeting.................................................................................................. 257Acrylic Fiber Carpet............................................................................ 259Olefin Fiber Carpets............................................................................260Nylon Carpets...................................................................................... 261Polyester Carpets................................................................................. 262Wool Carpets.......................................................................................263Carpet Padding........................................................................................263Resilient Flooring.....................................................................................264Linoleum..............................................................................................264Cork Flooring.......................................................................................264Rubber Flooring...................................................................................264Vinyl Flooring......................................................................................265Terrazzo Flooring................................................................................265Trim, Molding, and More............................................................................265Summary........................................................................................................ 267References......................................................................................................26816. Adhesives, Sealants, Surface Finishes, and More................................. 271Adhesives....................................................................................................... 271Thermoplastic Adhesives........................................................................ 272Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesives............................................................. 272Acrylic Adhesives................................................................................ 274Thermoset Adhesives.............................................................................. 274Epoxy Resins........................................................................................ 274PU Foam Adhesives............................................................................ 275Synthetic Rubber Construction Adhesives...................................... 275Caulks and Sealants..................................................................................... 276Water-Based Caulks.................................................................................277Silicone Caulk...........................................................................................277Synthetic Rubber Caulk.......................................................................... 278Elastomeric Polyurethane Caulk........................................................... 278Butyl Rubber Sealant............................................................................... 278Paints.............................................................................................................. 279Pigments.................................................................................................... 279Primary Inorganic Pigments.............................................................280Organic Pigments................................................................................285Extenders...................................................................................................285Binders.......................................................................................................286Water-Based Latex...............................................................................286Oil-Based Alkyd..................................................................................286Solvents...................................................................................................... 287Additives................................................................................................... 287Stains and Varnishes....................................................................................288Summary........................................................................................................ 289References......................................................................................................290Glossary................................................................................................................ 293Units of Measurement.......................................................................................299Abbreviations and Acronyms.......................................................................... 301Index......................................................................................................................305

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Book SynopsisThe transport sector consists of different modes of transport, each serving a growing demand for transporting people and goods. This (growing) demand on the one hand, needs expanding the systemsâ capacity, and on the other hand, increasing the corresponding economic efficiency, effectiveness, and environmental and social friendliness. This implies development of a âgreenerâ, i.e. a more sustainable transport sector. The book describes the current and prospective state of the art analytical modelling, conceptual planning, and multi-criteria evaluation of the selected cases of transport systems operated by different transport modes such as road, rail, sea, air, and intermodal. As such, the book is unique in addressing these three important aspects of dealing with transport systems before implementation of their particular components means by the selected cases. It will be particularly useful for readers from the academia and the professionals from the transport sector. Table of ContentsIntroduction. Transport Systems. Modelling Transport Systems I. Modelling Transport Systems II. Modelling Transport Systems III. Planning Transport Systems. Evaluation of Transport Systems. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisControl Harmful Emissions and Improve Work ConditionsLocal Exhaust Ventilation: Aerodynamic Processes and Calculations of Dust Emissions examines how emissions inherent to production processes in the metal, mining, chemical, and other industries can adversely affect the workplace by compromising a worker's health and/or contributing to the deterioration of equipment quality and performance. Professionals concerned with the aerodynamics of dust control ventilation, particularly at industrial plants, can greatly benefit from this book. This text considers the impact of emissions exposure to occupational safety and health and the environment, explores the practical purposes of industrial ventilation, and outlines how local exhaust ventilation can help control the emission of harmful substances in industry. The book outlines methods used for surveying currents in local exhaust ventilation systems and deals with the aerodynamicTrade Review"Properly designed and effective air pollution control and industrial ventilation systems are essential for maintaining required indoor and outdoor air quality and safe and healthy working conditions for personnel employed at numerous industries, dealing with generating, processing, or containing particulate matter. This fundamental study of complicated aerodynamics and particulate matter dynamics in industrial ventilation and air pollution control systems provides important contribution to the field of industrial ventilation and air pollution control. The results of extensive theoretical & practical studies, provided in this book, are beneficial to engineers, designing local exhaust ventilation and air pollution control systems, industrial hygienists, and students in the fields of mechanical engineering, environmental engineering, fire protection engineering, and industrial hygiene."—Vladimir Ivensky, CIH, CSP, VP, Health, Safety & Environment, Environment & Infrastructure, Amec Foster Wheeler"… an excellent summary of the theory behind the flow fields of gas-borne dust flows for local exhaust ventilation systems. … a valuable contribution to a better understanding of the theoretical fundamentals of the development of the gas-solid disperse systems . Using this new knowledge, the designer has the opportunity to apply the practical application of these fundamental equations to a wide range of industries and to design energy efficient local exhaust ventilation systems."—Prof Howard Goodfellow, Director Tenova Goodfellow, Inc, Toronto, Canada, Professor Emeritus University of TorontoTable of ContentsAERODYNAMICS OF DUST AIRFLOWS IN THE SPECTRA OF AIR EXHAUST DUCTS. Determination of the Velocity Field by Conformal Mapping Methods. Calculation of Flat Potential Flows by the Boundary Integral Equation Method. Calculation of Vortex Flows. Behavior of Dust Particles in the Suction Range. RECIRCULATION OF EJECTED AIR IN CHUTES. Specific Features of Air Ejection in a Perforated Duct with a Bypass Chamber. Air Ejection in a Porous Pipe with Linear Cross-Flow Pattern. Specific Features of Air Ejection in Elevator Handling of Grain. Measures for Reducing Aspiration Volumes in Elevator Handling of Grain. References.

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Book SynopsisHydraulic Fracturing Impacts and Technologies: A Multidisciplinary Perspective serves as an introduction to hydraulic fracturing and provides balanced coverage of its benefits and potential negative effects. Presenting a holistic assessment of hydraulic fracturing and its environmental impacts, this book chronicles the history and development of unconventional oil and gas production and describes the risks associated with the use of these technologies. More specifically, it addresses hydraulic fracturing's use and dependence on large amounts of water as a fracturing medium. It examines the limits of reusing flowback and produced water, explores cost-effective ways to clean or effectively dispose of water used in fracturing, and provides suggestions for the efficient use, discovery, and recycle potential of non-potable water. Utilizing a team of experts from industry and academia, the text provides readers with a multiple lens approachincorporating various perspectivTrade Review"… this book highlights the need to integrate analysis of technologies with environmental and societal impact considerations… for the professionals working within the industry, it also emphasizes what issues need to be addressed, and how those issues should be addressed, in order to potentially convince the public and policy makers that fracture stimulation can be used safely without risking environmental damage, public health issues and overuse/contamination of precious water resources."—Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016Table of ContentsOverview of Hydraulic Fracturing Operations and Technologies. Economic Impact of the Permian Basin’s Oil and Gas Industry. From Property Rights to Endangered Species: Legal Issues Surrounding Hydraulic Fracturing. Looking into the Crystal Ball: Potential New EPA Hydraulic Fracturing Rules Impacting Unconventional Oil and Gas Production from Shale Plays. Commentary on Health and Environmental Risks from Hydraulic Fracturing. Health and Environment Risks from Oil and Gas Development. Addressing Concerns about Impacts from Unconventional Drilling Using Advanced Analytical Chemistry. Water Availability in the Permian Basin Region of West Texas. Reuse and Recycling of Flowback and Produced Waters. Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing on Transportation Infrastructure. GIS-Based Assessment of Wastewater Disposal Impacts in Permian Basin, Texas. Challenges and Opportunities for Increasing Guar Production in the United States to Support Unconventional Oil and Gas Production. Characterization of the Properties of Guar Gum to Improve Hydraulic Fracturing Efficiencies. Communicating Fracturing Impacts and Technologies: Assessment, Public Understanding, and Theoretical Linkages. Multidisciplinary Teams as Mechanisms of Accountability: Neutralizing the Emotions and Politics of Hydraulic Fracturing Research.

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Book SynopsisGeoinformatics for Marine and Coastal Management provides a timely and valuable assessment of the current state of the art geoinformatics tools and methods for the management of marine systems. This book focuses on the cutting-edge coverage of a wide spectrum of activities and topics such as GIS-based application of drainage basin analysis, contribution of ontology to marine management, geoinformatics in relation to fisheries management, hydrography, indigenous knowledge systems, and marine law enforcement. The authors present a comprehensive overview of the field of Geoinformatic Applications in Marine Management covering key issues and debates with specific case studies illustrating real-world applications of the GIS technology. This box of tools serves as a long-term resource for coastal zone managers, professionals, practitioners, and students alike on the management of oceans and the coastal fringe, promoting the approach of allowing sustainable and inTrade Review"Particular strength of this volume is the ability to demonstrate how the new data and technologies serve the governance and decision-making. As such the book becomes a revealing journey on the boundaries – between land and sea, information technologies and management, remote sensing and crowdsourcing, and still remains relevant to practical needs of fisheries, energy, emergency rescue, law enforcement, hydrography, or vulnerability assessment – serving the overall goal of advancing ecosystem-based management approach." —Andrus Meiner, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark"This book is an excellent vision into the geotemporal nature and challenge of marine and coastal systems. The variety of technical, scientific, and management issues are confronted in Geographical Information Science terms and illuminated by instructive examples. And, rather than a litany of individual cases, the chapters portray the integrative character of the marine and coastal environment and the opportunities to apply innovative approaches as well as to use the products of our increasing database in this mileau." — Norbert P. Psuty, Rutgers University, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA"This book is a must read for students who want an overview of the range of issues to be considered in coastal management and how geoinformatic tools contribute to such management. The book is also very relevant for those active in the field who require to be updated on the latest developments and trends in relation to how we manage our coasts and oceans." — Ned Dwyer, EurOcean - the European Centre for Information on Marine Science and Technology, Lisbon, Portugal"Geoinformatics for Marine and Coastal Management presents an insightful and skilful interweaving of the old with the new, of the familiar with the frontier (e.g., GIS expanded to ICT and geoinformatics). There is also a fluid interweaving of academic, government, NGO, and industry perspectives. These characteristics make for essential reading by coastal managers and policy-makers navigating the challenging waters of the 21st century. As such, the book will be an especially useful guide in implementing the UN’s sustainable development goals 2030, in particular SDG 14. And don’t miss the hidden gem that is the book’s foreword by Bruce McCormack." —Dawn J. Wright, ESRI, Redlands, California, USA"… a welcome addition to the published literature focusing on coastal geomatics and development of coastal and marine information tools and their application from authors with global experience. Researchers and practitioners of coastal systems management offer valuable practical contributions on the latest technologies in the areas of coastal mapping, remote sensing, marine and coastal ecosystem analysis and a wide range of geoinformatics applications, including infrastructure and fisheries management, hydrography, navigation and security. Equally welcome are chapters covering non-technical information management issues including data interoperability, the role of volunteered geographic information (VGI) in the marine/coastal world, accessing indigenous knowledge and spatial analysis applied to coastal vulnerability and the Arctic. Each of the 16 chapters is clearly written and accessible to readers of all levels, well-illustrated, with extensive references, and offers practical information to assist educators, researchers and most importantly coastal and marine information managers in applying geomatics to the wide range of issues faced daily in their difficult jobs." —Roger Longhorn, GSDI Association, Bruges, Belgium"We are used to boundaries, and when they do not exist we create them. One such boundary is the land water boundary which extends into the realm of remote sensing and GIS. Thus we have land remote sensing as opposed to water resources and oceanography. Our land based surveyors look for stable ‘monuments’ as ground control points, but then how do you create them in the oceans? This book is an attempt to break down these barriers and look at the oceans as an integral part of a total ecosystem of the earth and its people. The water land interface which comprises the coastal areas are the first to experience the results of thoughtless anthropogenic development. The ocean is not impenetrable. It has a bed which contains treasures hitherto not explored. The book explores applications of both Remote sensing and GIS and illustrates that these technologies take on a total different character here. Nowhere is sustainability more important than in these areas. Lastly, the oceans themselves provide navigation, sustenance and influence the weather which impacts human activities on ground as well as at sea. The book covers the importance of ICT in providing the wherewithal to handle data coming from the survey of the coastal areas and oceans with illustrative examples." —Arup Dasgupta, Geospatial Media and Communications, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. Editors. Contributors. Geoinformatics for Applied Coastal and Marine Management. Mapping the Seabed. A GIS-Based Application of Drainage Basin Analysis and Geomorphometry in the Submarine Environment: The Gollum Canyon System, Northeast Atlantic. Recent Developments in Remote Sensing for Coastal and Marine Applications. Current and Future Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Trends in Coastal and Marine Management. Ontologies and Their Contribution to Marine and Coastal Geoinformatics Interoperability. Applied Marine Management with Volunteered Geographic Information. Geoinformatic Applications in Marine Management. Navigating a Sea of Data: Geoinformatics for Law Enforcement at Sea. Geospatial Technologies and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. Spatial Information and Ecosystem-Based Management in the Marine Arctic. Geospatial Technologies for Siting Coastal and Marine Renewable Infrastructures. Geoinformatics for Fisheries Management. Geoinformatics in Hydrography and Marine Navigation. The Use of Geoinformatics by the Irish Naval Service in Maritime Emergency and Security Response. Spatial Analysis for Coastal Vulnerability Assessment. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses ways to provide the highest quality water services at the lowest possible cost, and examines the major finance issues that system managers face. It deals with grants, loans, municipal bonds, tariffs/rates and subsidies, as well as the major government finance programs offered by the Department of Agriculture and the EPA. It also provides managers with the tools to devise innovative financial strategies to make their systems much more efficient. This fully revised edition presents an easy-to-read guide for understanding the myriad options available for financing water and wastewater projects and how to evaluate the most appropriate options.Trade Review"Fundamentals of Water Finance comes at just the right time as sector leaders struggle with how to provide the ratepayer with the most value for their dollar both through the traditional bond market and innovative ways to leverage existing and develop new financing opportunities to spur innovation and technological advances in the water sector. I have always been a fan of Michael Curley’s work and this book is a sterling example of why I will continue to be one. It is my pleasure to recommend this book to anyone in the water industry seeking to learn more about water project finance." —Adam Krantz, National Association of Clean Water Agencies, Washington, DC, USA"Michael Curley is one of the nation’s leading experts on environmental finance and a nimble, creative thinker who argues, forcefully, for a refocusing on the premier challenges to water quality in the 21st century: nonpoint source pollution or unregulated runoff from farms and everything else human beings do across the landscape." —Tracy Mehan, American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado, USA"As we confront today the costly, critical challenge of repairing water lines, treatment plants, and related facilities, as well as of addressing serious, ongoing problems associated with non-point source pollution, Michael Curley does the country a great service explaining options, choices, and new approaches in his timely, well-written primer on financing the infrastructure needed to provide Americans the clean water essential for life and so many other purposes." — William K. Reilly, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1989-93, Washington, DC, USATable of ContentsFinancial Mechanics. Types of Debt. Accounting & Disclosure. Subsidies & Affordability. Tariffs (Rates). Impacts of Conservation. Municipal Bonds. Rating Agencies. Regulation. Municipal Bond Insurance. Other Credit Enhancement Strategies. Government Programs. Public/Private Partnerships (PPPs). Commercial Banks. Hidden and Not-So-Hidden Costs. Professional Associations. Sources of Good Financial Information. Coming Trends.

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Book SynopsisThe large quantity of waste generated from agricultural and food production remains a great challenge and an opportunity for the food industry. As there are numerous risks associated with waste for humans, animals and the environment, billions of dollars are spent on the treatment of agricultural and food waste. Therefore, the utilisation of bioactive compounds isolated from waste not only could reduce the risks and the costs for treatment of waste, but also could potentially add more value for agricultural and food production.This book provides comprehensive information related to extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds from agricultural and food production waste for utilisation in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The topics range from an overview on challenges and opportunities related to agricultural and food waste, the bioactive compounds in the waste, the techniques used to analyse, extract and isolate these compounds to several specific examplesTable of ContentsPreface. Bioactive Compounds in Agricultural and Food Production Waste. Phenolic compounds: Potential Health Benefits and Toxicity. Alkaloids: Potential Health Benefits and Toxicity. Analysis methods for Bioactive Compounds in Waste. Extraction and Utilization of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural Wastes. Isolation, purification and encapsulation techniques for bioactive compounds from agricultural and food production waste. Extraction, Isolation and Utilization of Bioactive Compounds from Rice Wastes. Extraction, Characterization and Utilization of Bioactive Compounds from Wine Industry Waste. Extraction, Isolation and Utilization of Bioactive Compounds from Wastes Generated by Olive Oil Industry. Extraction, Isolation and Utilization of Bioactive Compounds from Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Waste. Extraction, Isolation and Utilization of Bioactive Compounds from Juice Industry Waste. Valorization of Waste and By-products from the Agrofood Industry using Fermentation Processes and Enzyme Treatments. Potential Use of Bioactive Compounds from Waste in the Food Industry. Potential Use of Bioactive Compounds from Agroindustrial Waste in the Cosmetic Industry. Potential Use of Bioactive Compounds from Waste in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Index.

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Book Synopsis  Your Guide to Effective Groundwater ManagementGroundwater Assessment, Modeling, and Management discusses a variety of groundwater problems and outlines the solutions needed to sustain surface and ground water resources on a global scale. Contributors from around the world lend their expertise and provide an international perspective on groundwater management. They address the management of groundwater resources and pollution, waste water treatment methods, and the impact of climate change on groundwater and water availability (specifically in arid and semi-arid regions such as India and Africa). Incorporating management with science and modeling, the book covers all areas of groundwater resource assessment, modeling, and management, and combines hands-on applications with relevant theory. For Water Resource Managers and Decision MakersThe book describes techniques for the assessment of grTrade Review"…The ultimate message of the book is ‘groundwater modeling’ as the core issue of management. But to be successful predictive tools the models need to be built on the foundation of sound hydrogeological information. It is a dynamic, complex process evolving through time taking into account all the factors, local and regional, influencing the groundwater regime and management strategies. This book, I am sure, will enormously benefit the hydrogeological community. Editors, M. Thangarajan and V.P.Singh should be complimented for this wonderful publication, no doubt an academic excellence."—Journal of Geological Society of India, May 2017 Issue Table of ContentsGROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND ASSESSMENT. EXPLORATION. FLOW MODELING. TRANSPORT MODELING. POLLUTION AND REMEDIATION. MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GROUNDWATER.

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Book SynopsisPost-earthquake fire is one of the most complicated problems resulting from earthquakes and presents a serious risk to urban structures. Most standards and codes ignore the possibility of post-earthquake fire; thus it is not factored in when determining the ability of buildings to withstand load. This book describes the effects of post-earthquake fire on partially damaged buildings located in seismic urban regions. The book quantifies the level of associated post-earthquake fire effects, and discusses methods for mitigating the risk at both the macro scale and micro scale. The macro scale strategies address urban regions while the micro scale strategies address building structures, covering both existing buildings and those that are yet to be designed. Table of ContentsIntroduction to post-earthquake fire. Performance-based approach. Fire definition. Heat transfer and materials behavior under elevated temperature. Seismic analysis. Post-earthquake fire analysis in structures. Risk management strategies for post-earthquake fire.

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Book SynopsisA smart civil structure integrates smart materials, sensors, actuators, signal processors, communication networks, power sources, diagonal strategies, control strategies, repair strategies, and life-cycle management strategies. It should function optimally and safely in its environment and maintain structural integrity during strong winds, severe earthquakes, and other extreme events. This book extends from the fundamentals to the state-of-the-art. It covers the elements of smart civil structures, their integration, and their functions. The elements consist of smart materials, sensors, control devices, signal processors, and communication networks. Integration refers to multi-scale modelling and model updating, multi-type sensor placement, control theory, and collective placement of control devices and sensors. And the functions include structural health monitoring, structural vibration control, structural self-repairing, and structural energy harvesting, with emphasisTrade Review"This is the first comprehensive book that synthesizes multiple interrelated fields in smart civil structures, including structural sensing and monitoring, vibration control, energy harvesting, and self-repairing."-- Yang Wang, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"The book is a very comprehensive text on the area of smart structural health monitoring, covering material from basics to the state of the art. ...It starts with the nuts and bolts of the monitoring system but then leads up to the state of the art of an end-to-end smart monitoring system, and everything in between."-- Muhammad Imran Rafiq, University of Brighton, UK"This is the first comprehensive book that synthesizes multiple interrelated fields in smart civil structures, including structural sensing and monitoring, vibration control, energy harvesting, and self-repairing."-- Yang Wang, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"The book is a very comprehensive text on the area of smart structural health monitoring, covering material from basics to the state of the art. ...It starts with the nuts and bolts of the monitoring system but then leads up to the state of the art of an end-to-end smart monitoring system, and everything in between."-- Muhammad Imran Rafiq, University of Brighton, UKTable of ContentsElements in Smart Civil Structures. Introduction. Smart Materials. Sensors and Sensor Networks. Actuators and Control Systems. Processors and Processing Systems. Integration for Smart Civil Structures. Multi-Scale Modelling of Smart Civil Structures. Modal Identification and Model Updating. Multi-Type Sensor Placement. Structural Control Theory. Optimal Actuator Placement. Collective Placement of Sensors and Actuators. Functions of Smart Civil Structures. Structural Damage Detection. Structural Active and Semi-ActiveControl. Synthesis of Structural Health Monitoring and Control in the Frequency Domain. Synthesis of Structural Health Monitoring and Control in the Time Domain. Synthesis of Structural Control and Energy Harvesting. Synthesis of Structural Health Monitoring, Control and Energy Harvesting. Synthesis of Structural Health Monitoring and Self-Repairing. Life Cycle Performance of Smart Civil Structures. Epilogue: Challenges and Prospects.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the numerical algorithms underpinning modern finite element based computational mechanics software. It covers all the major numerical methods that are used in computational mechanics. It reviews the basic concepts in linear algebra and advanced matrix theory, before covering solution of systems of equations, symmetric eigenvalue solution methods, and direct integration of discrete dynamic equations of motion, illustrated with numerical examples. This book suits a graduate course in mechanics based disciplines, and will help software developers in computational mechanics. Increased understanding of the underlying numerical methods will also help practicing engineers to use the computational mechanics software more effectively.Trade Review"This book is a collection of the most relevant numerical methods used in computational mechanics. It is a clear and rigorous presentation of algorithms corresponding to numerical methods for solving systems of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, and for integration of dynamic equations of motion. This hands-on presentation will certainly be welcomed by users of computational mechanics software interested in gaining a better understanding of the implemented algorithms as well as developers of software. In addition, the book could be used as a textbook for a graduate level course in computational mechanics." — Corina S. Drapaca, Pennsylvania State University, USA"This book is a collection of the most relevant numerical methods used in computational mechanics. It is a clear and rigorous presentation of algorithms corresponding to numerical methods for solving systems of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, and for integration of dynamic equations of motion. This hands-on presentation will certainly be welcomed by users of computational mechanics software interested in gaining a better understanding of the implemented algorithms as well as developers of software. In addition, the book could be used as a textbook for a graduate level course in computational mechanics." — Corina S. Drapaca, Pennsylvania State University, USATable of ContentsReview of Matrix Analysis. Review of Methods of Analysis In Structural Mechanics. Solution of System of Linear Equations. Iterative Solution Methods for System of Linear Equations. Conjugate Gradient Methods. Solution Methods for System of Nonlinear Equations. Eigenvalue Solution Methods. Direct Integration of Dynamic Equation of Motion. The Generalized Difference Method.

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Book SynopsisCovering fabrication, characterization, and applications nanofiltration (NF) membranes, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of NF membrane technology over the past decade. It uniquely covers a variety of fabrication techniques, comparing the procedures of each technique to produce polymeric membranes of different morphologies. The book also discusses advances in the materials used in thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane fabrication and their influences on properties with respect to structural and separation characteristics. A comprehensive review on NF characterization methods and techniques is provided, assessing physical and chemical properties and separation characteristics and stability. Technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of NF membranes are also reviewed and the possible approaches to overcome the challenges are provided. The book concludes with relevant case studies on the use of NF membranes in industrial implementation of Trade Review"…readers can easily have an overview of the latest development of nanofiltration membranes." — Takeshi Matsuura, University of Ottawa, Canada"This book is an excellent source of information for someone who wants to know more about nanofiltration membranes. …the publication of this book is timely and should be a good reference book for many scientists and engineers. Each chapter is well explained and discussed, with an extensive list of references. Important figures and tables are provided, which make it easier for readers to understand the important principles and concepts of NF. Overall I found that this reference book is simple enough to understand, but also contains important information necessary to understand NF membranes. I would definitely suggest this book for those who wants to know more about NF." —Abdul Wahab Mohammad, National University of MalaysiaTable of ContentsIntroduction. Synthesis of Nanofiltration Membrane. Advanced Materials in Nanofiltration Membrane. Technical Challenges and Approaches in Fabricating Nanofiltration Membrane. Characterization of Nanofiltration Membrane. Applications

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Book SynopsisContamination of aqueous environments by hazardous chemical compounds is the direct cause of the decline of safe clean water supply throughout the globe. The use of unconventional water sources such as treated wastewater will be a new norm. Emerging nanotechnological innovations have great potential for wastewater remediation processes. Applications that use smart nanomaterials of inorganic and organic origin improve treatment efficiency and lower energy requirements. This book describes the synthesis, fabrication, and application of advanced nanomaterials in water treatment processes; their adsorption, transformation into low toxic forms, or degradation phenomena, and the adsorption and separation of hazardous dyes, organic pollutants, heavy metals and metalloids from aqueous solutions. It explains the use of different categories of nanomaterials for various pollutants and enhances understanding of nanotechnology-based water remediation to make it less toxic and reusable.Trade Review"…an asset to all water professionals, so they can become knowledgeable in the issues and develop sustainable design for wastewater treatment plants. I feel that researchers will be inspired by reading to further investigate the potentiality of nanotechnology for wastewater treatment, overcoming the constraints to their large scale application." —Giusy Lofrano, University of Salerno, Italy"… a truly valuable contribution to the emerging field of applying various nanomaterials in environmental remediation. I cordially congratulate the authors for their remarkable achievement. Highly recommend reading!" —Mika Sillanpää, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland"…offers a detailed insight about recent advancements in nanotechnology for wastewater treatment and recycling. Editors have done a great job providing an informative collection of chapters which enhance understanding of nanotechnology-based water remediation to make it less toxic and reusable. As a scientist and professor, I strongly suggest this book as a must read for all Environmental Biologists, Nanotechnologists, Chemists and Biologists, and a great reference for experts and students equally!—Shivani Soni, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama, USA"I would strongly recommend this book to libraries and to individuals who have some idea of chemical and environmental sciences and who wish to learn about the continuing influence of the modern developments in chemistry." —Chittaranjan Sinha, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India"This book provides an excellent overview of technological developments and innovations in the use of nanotechnologies for water treatment. It will become an important resource for those looking to apply nanoscience technology to process water remediation, or drinking water purification." —Amy J. Forsgren, Xylem Inc., Sweden"While there are many research publications that present recent advances in nanomaterials and their application in water and wastewater treatment, a compilation of all the latest developments in a book such as this is timely and is extremely valuable for the researchers and the practitioners. This book will be a good reference for both graduate and undergraduate students in this area." —Madhumita B. Ray, University of Western Ontario, Canada"The book covers all the necessary background in advanced water/wastewater remediation and goes to a good enough level of covering nanotechnology. It will become certainly useful for researchers in the areas of wastewater treatment and remediation. This work is a great resource for any advanced undergraduate or graduate course on applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater remediation. Each well-structured chapter first discusses general introduction and then focuses on the use of nanomaterials. I congratulate the editors and authors for their miraculous attainment. Summing up - Highly recommended." — Sanjay K. Sharma, JECRC University, Jaipur, India"The content of the book entitled Advanced Nanomaterials for Wastewater Remediation is very novel and does not intersect with the contents of any other books related to the same area. This book will be a new reading experience for young researchers, university professors and scientists working in this area. I must congratulate the editors and authors who contributed immensely for this book." — Sabu Thomas, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, IndiaTable of ContentsNanomaterials Applications for Environmental Remediation. Treatment of Fluoride-Contaminated Water by Electrocoagulation Followed by Microfiltration Technique. Electrooxidation Processes for Dye Degradation and Colored Wastewater Treatment. Advanced Oxidation Processes Using Nanomaterials. Applications of Synthetic Nanocomposite Ion-Exchange Materials as Chemical and Vapor Sensors. Nanomaterial-Supported Biopolymers for Water Purification. Nanomaterial-Based Sorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water. Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Water and Wastewater Treatment. Carbon- and Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Wastewater Treatment. Nanoscale Layered Double Hydroxides for Wastewater Remediation: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Activated Carbon-Doped Magnetic Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment. Functionalized Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for the Removal and Remediation of Heavy Metals in Wastewater. Nanoscale Materials for the Removal of Arsenic from Wastewater. Metal Organic Framework-Based Adsorbents in Water Treatment. Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles: Current Trends and Future Perspective.

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Book SynopsisSewer systems fall into the category out of sight, out of mind they seldom excite interest. But when things go wrong with the air in the sewer system, they go very wrong. Consequences can be dramatic and devastating: sewer workers killed instantly by poisonous gas when they lift a sewer lid, or entire suburban blocks levelled by explosions. This book describes the atmospheric dangers commonly found in the sewer system. It provides easily-understood explanations of the science behind the hazards, combined with real-life examples of when things went dramatically wrong.Trade Review"Science and history (embodied in several case studies) are well paired in Airborne Occupational Hazards in Sewer Systems –and that makes for a very compelling volume for both experts who need to understand and assess the manner in which utilities such as sewers can spread both disaster and disease and historians who need to more fully comprehend the technical background of past tragedies that have had major social implications." — John Grabowski, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"Accidents and accumulative injuries are unfortunately not uncommon when working in sewers, and there is hence a great need to educate the involved personnel. A major obstacle in this respect has been a lack of readily accessible information. The book Airborne Occupational Hazards in Sewer Systems is a very significant contribution in this respect and a great step forward in ensuring the health of people working in all parts of the sewerage system. The book is an excellent text book and also suited for self-study." — Jes Vollertsen, Aalborg University, Denmark"This fine book by Amy Forsgren and Kristina Brinck is a single-source compendium of information on the hazards of municipal sewage and covers both infectious agents and chemicals. The authors place appropriate emphasis on the signature chemical hazard of hydrogen sulfide, also known as "sewer gas", and the potential for lethal exposure in confined spaces, which often occur as multiple deaths due to ill-fated rescue attempts without self-contained breathing apparatus. This book will be useful to public health professionals and invaluable to civil engineers designing municipal sewerage. It may well save a life." — Tee Guidotti, Editor-in-Chief, Archives of Environmental and Occupational HealthTable of ContentsIntroduction; Confined spaces; Hydrogen Sulphide,Part 2: Toxicology; Biomarkers for Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning; Methane and Natural Gas; Methane Case Study: The Abbeystead Explosion; Case Study, Natural Gas: The East Ohio Gas Co. Explosion; Other Vapors or Gases; Biological Hazards; Viral Hepatitis; Leptospirosis/Weill’s Disease; Exercises; Index

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Book SynopsisThis guide reviews the way asphalt mixture can be specified, with particular emphasis on the test methods used to measure performance. The advantages and limitations of the tests are described for measuring the desired property, and engineers can specify a test according to the material's use.The book starts with a resume of specifications and their relative advantages and disadvantages for different situations. Then different properties are discussed in terms of: their specification; the test methods that can be used (primarily the EN 12697 suite of European methods, of which the author has been responsible for drafting); the extent to which the results predict performance; the levels that can be achieved with different asphalt mixes and types; what levels, if any, should be specified in various situations and pavement layers; and which other properties are adversely affected by enhanced performance. The final section covers various aspects of sustainability, with a sTrade Review"A must have excellent book for all those involved in asphalt specification and testing."-- Thanos Nikolaides, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"Dr Nicholls has produced a unique singularly useful review of all applicable asphalt test methods. This book is an essential addition to your asphalt bookshelf."-- Robert N Hunter, Hunter & Edgar Consulting Civil Engineers, UK"Cliff's book has everything you might want to know about asphalt, and probably some things you didn't know you needed to know."-- John Booth, Environmental Scientifics Group, UKTable of ContentsIntroduction. Specifications for asphalt. Composition. Surface characteristics. Surface course properties. Structural properties. Serviceability properties. Sustainability. Summary.

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Book SynopsisSuccessfully estimate risk and reliability, and produce innovative, yet reliable designs using the approaches outlined in Offshore Structural Engineering: Reliability and Risk Assessment. A hands-on guide for practicing professionals, this book covers the reliability of offshore structures with an emphasis on the safety and reliability of offshore facilities during analysis, design, inspection, and planning. Since risk assessment and reliability estimates are often based on probability, the author utilizes concepts of probability and statistical analysis to address the risks and uncertainties involved in design. He explains the concepts with clear illustrations and tutorials, provides a chapter on probability theory, and covers various stages of the process that include data collection, analysis, design and construction, and commissioning. In addition, the author discusses advances in geometric structural forms for deep-water oil exploratTrade Review"… one of its kind… links both risk and reliability with application examples to offshore structures … an essential reference book for practicing engineers in offshore engineering."—Professor Arvind Kumar Jain, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India"This is a great book on the general subjects of structural reliability and risk assessment for off-shore structures. … a comprehensive presentation of the art and science of the assessment of off-shore structure system reliability."—Shen-En Chen, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA"… gives a basic understanding of all topics related to reliability and risk assessment of offshore structures using probabilistic methods. Examples dealing with Mathieu’s stability and responses to high sea waves and seismic excitation of TLP tethers enable easy understanding of the fundamental concepts. I strongly recommend this book as an essential reference book for academicians, researchers, engineers and professionals in oil and gas industry, as it is the priority now to extend the life of existing platforms based on scientific calculation of reliability leading to accurate prediction of structural integrity."—Professor Kurian V. John, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia"…there is much to recommend in this book. In addition to basic applicable theory and procedures for which the book could serve as an appropriate educational tool for the beginner and intermediate reader, there are also more than a few applications particular to offshore structures that are interspersed within the text that appear to serve well to hold the reader’s interest in a sustained manner. I am, therefore, happy to recommend this book not only to students of the subject, but also to researchers and engineers. Readers should find it a very good resource of useful information all in one place, not only to supplement their current knowledge, but also to revisit subsequently as needed." —Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy, March 2017Table of ContentsCONCEPT OF PROBABILITY AND SAMPLING STATISTICS. STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY THEORY. RELIABILITY ANALYSIS. RISK ASSESSMENT. MODEL EXERCISE PAPERS. REFERENCES.

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Book SynopsisIncreasingly stringent environmental regulations and industry adoption of waste minimization guidelines have thus, stimulated the need for the development of recycling and reuse options for metal related waste. This book, therefore, gives an overview of the waste generation, recycle and reuse along the mining, beneficiation, extraction, manufacturing and post-consumer value chain. This book reviews current status and future trends in the recycling and reuse of mineral and metal waste and also details the policy and legislation regarding the waste management, health and environmental impacts in the mining, beneficiation, metal extraction and manufacturing processes.This book is a useful reference for engineers and researchers in industry, policymakers and legislators in governance, and academics on the current status and future trends in the recycling and reuse of mineral and metal waste. Some of the key features of the book are as follows: Holistic approach tTable of Contents1. Overview. 2. Legislation and policies governing the environmental and health impacts of metallic waste. 3. Mining and beneficiation waste production and utilization. 4. Ferrous metals waste production and utilization. 5. Ferroalloys waste production and utilization. 6. Base metals smelting waste production and utilization. 7. Hydrometallurgical waste production and utilization. 8. Metal manufacturing and finishing waste production and utilization. 9. Post-consumer waste production and utilization. 10. Conclusions and future prospects.

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Book SynopsisWater and Wastewater Conveyance: Pumping, Hydraulics, Piping, and Valves provides fundamental, basic information on the conveyance of water and wastewater. Written in straight-forward and easy-to-understand language for professionals and non-professionals alike, it provides the techniques to assist water and wastewater operators to better understand basic pump operations and applications, maintenance regimens, and troubleshooting procedures. Addressing a multitude of water quality issues, it provides an introduction to water hydraulics, piping systems, tubes, hoses, and ancillaries as well as valves, and the maintenance requirements of each. It also discusses common operational problems and their appropriate corrective actions. Definitions of key terms and self-examination questions are provided at the end of each chapter. Trade Review"The main strength of Water and Wastewater Conveyance: Pumping, Hydraulics, Piping, and Valves by Spellman lies in author’s writing style on ready-to-use procedural applications for non-technical audiences. It will serve as a nice introduction to further evolutionary expansion."— Professor Jaewan Yoon, Old Dominion University, USA"...a wealth of information, easily classified for the reader and many straight forward worked calculations."— Brian Garvey, Athlone Institute of Technology, IrelandTable of ContentsWater & Wastewater Sources and Characteristics. Potable Water Sources. Wastewater Sources and Characteristics. Pumping. Introduction. Basic Pumping Calculations. Centrifugal Pumps. Well Pumping. Water Hydraulics. Water Hydraulics Introduction. Piezometric Surface & Bernoulli’s Theorem. Well & Wet Well Hydraulics. Basic Piping Hydraulics. Flow Measurement. Water & Wastewater Conveyance. Delivering the Lifeblood of Civilization. Metallic Piping. Nonmetallic Piping. Tubing. Industrial Hoses. Piping Systems: Protective Devices. Piping Ancillaries. Valves. Valves Introduction. Index.

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Book SynopsisAssessment of freshwater sediments can determine whether chemical concentrations are sufficient to cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms or organisms higher in the food chain, including humans. This book presents methods for assessing sediments and includes an integration of physical, chemical, and biological information. It examines the elements of quality assurance and control programs, considerations for the conduct of field surveys, screening-level analyses, chemical analyses, toxicity tests for assessing biological impacts, assessments of benthic invertebrate community structure, surveys of fish tumors and abnormalities, and data presentation and interpretation techniques.Trade Review"Contaminated Sediments in Freshwater Systems is a book that fills an important gap in the contaminated sediment assessment literature, as previously information on various aspects of sediment sampling and the physical, biological, and chemical damage assessment of contaminated sediments were typically presented in guidance manuals published by various state and federal agencies. This is an excellent book for those who would like to develop a general understanding of the previously mentioned topics, and of what contaminated sediments are and how they are formed in freshwater systems, without going into much technical detail." — Emese Hadnagy, University of New Haven, Connecticut, USA"This text is quite readable and is written in an interesting style. I really like the inclusion of sediment and sediment porewater sampling approaches. This is something that is unique to the field of contaminated sediments, so deserves (and here receives) special treatment. The book chapters do intrigue me and it does seem like a good book to have on the shelf." — Kevin Gardner, University of New Hampshire, USA"Contaminated Sediments in Freshwater Systems brings a new and reflective approach to looking at the topic. It combines an easy-to-read conversational style with a highly descriptive and novel-like opening chapter to draw the reader in. Thereafter, technical and scientific aspects of sediment formation, sampling and analysis and how to evaluate contamination are given a clear and concise treatment that will suit students and professionals alike. The text is thorough in coverage and includes several highly relevant (but mainly U.S.) examples of sediment contamination in freshwater systems." — Rob Mortimer, Nottingham Trent University, United KingdomTable of ContentsPreface. List of Acronyms. Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sediments. Introduction. Ecosystem-Based Sediment Quality Assessment and Management. Sediment Quality Issues and Concerns. Ecosystem and Sediment Management. Metrics for Assessing the Effects of Contaminated Sediments. Sediment Quality Investigations. Assessing and Managing Sediment Quality Conditions. Preliminary Site Investigation. Detailed Site Investigation. Sampling and Analysis Plans. Results of Sediment Quality Investigations. Whole-Sediment and Pore-Water Chemistry. Whole-Sediment and Pore-Water Toxicity Testing. Benthic Invertebrates. Bioaccumulation Assessment. Fish Health Assessment. Integrated Indicators of Sediment Quality. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the concepts of material selection and analysis, choice of structural form, construction methods, environmental loads, health monitoring, non-destructive testing, and repair methodologies and rehabilitation of ocean structures. It examines various types of ocean and offshore structures, including drilling platforms, processing platforms and vessels, towers, sea walls and surge barriers, and more. It also explores the use of MEMS in offshore structures, with regard to military and oil exploration applications. Full-color figures as well as numerous solved problems and examples are included to help readers understand the applied concepts.Trade Review"This book covers essential details of all types of ocean structures, materials, construction and operations. Such a book is not available at present. The coverage about offshore platforms is exhaustive, and the figures used for explanation are superb. The details include concepts, methodology and much information that is scarcely available. I strongly recommend this book to undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students related to ocean, offshore, marine and oil & gas engineering, as well as practicing engineers and technical personnel." — Kurian v. John, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia"Highly recommended. The authors are extremely well known in the subject area of ocean structures and have considerable experience in teaching ocean structures to graduate and undergraduate students. The coverage captures the current state of practice and presents it in a straightforward and easily digestible style. Illustrations and figures are impressive. The book incorporates the information based on authors’ extensive research as well as other relevant published data from various widely scattered sources."—M. Arockiasamy, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA"This book covers essential details of all types of ocean structures, materials, construction and operations. Such a book is not available at present. The coverage about offshore platforms, is exhaustive and the figures used for explanation, are superb. The details include concepts, methodology and much information that are scarcely available."—Kurian v. John, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri "Highly recommended. The authors are extremely well known in the subject area of ocean structures and have considerable experience in teaching ocean structures to graduate and undergraduate students. The coverage captures the current state of practice and presents it in a straightforward and easily digestible style. Illustrations and figures are impressive. The book incorporates the information based on authors’ extensive research as well as other relevant published data from various widely scattered sources."—M. Arockiasamy, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USATable of ContentsChapter 1: Ocean StructuresChapter 2: Environmental Loads on Ocean StructuresChapter 3: Materials For Ocean StructuresChapter 4: Offshore structures: Construction methods and equipmentsChapter 5: Structural health monitoringAppendixModel Paper I Model paper II

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Book SynopsisThis practical reference describes the occurrence of cavitation in a centrifugal pump, and how unacceptable cavitation can be avoided. It explains cavitation problems such as hydraulic performance loss, hydrodynamically or thermodynamically induced surging, and cavitation erosion. General guidelines for acceptable operation conditions, such as, net positive suction head (NPSH) margins and minimum flowrates, are presented along with evidence and logic for these proposed guidelines.Table of Contents1.Cavitation an Unacceptable Phenomenon 2.Independent Variables and Terminology 3.Centrifugal Pump Performance Characteristics 4.Net Positive Suction Head and the Pump Operational Range 5.Cavity Dynamics-A Simplified Approach 6.Hydraulic Performance Loss-Duty Shortfall and Vapour Locking 7.Cavitation Surging-Hydrodynamically Induced 8.Cavitation Surging-Thermodynamically Induced 9.Cavitation Erosion 10.Centrifugal Pump Low-Flow Protection 11.Cavitation for Centrifugal Pumps 12.New Centrifugal Pump Specifications-Pump Selection and Cavitation 13.New Centrifugal Pump Offers-Technical Assessments and Cavitation 14.Centrifugal Pumps in Service-Resolving Cavitation Problems 15.Centrifugal Pumps and Cavitation-A View of the Past 16.Centrifugal Pumps and Cavitation-A View on the Future Appendix A.The First Centrifugal Pump-As Described by Denis Papin in 1705 Index

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Book SynopsisThis book presents an integrated approach to understanding environmental contamination problems through the use of techniques from environmental chemistry, toxicology, ecology, and ecotoxicology. Basing much of his information on his 21 years of experience in the field, the author proposes innovative strategies for studying the environmental fate of contaminants, evaluating the effects, and producing scientific criteria for environmental safety. The book is clearly written, with all terms defined and equations explained with examples of their application. Weak points in the present knowledge are pointed out and discussed. An extensive list of references is provided for individuals who wish to delve deeper into the subject.Table of Contents(Section Headings): Approaches to the Assessment of the Environmental Fate of Chemical Contaminants. Environmental Toxicology. Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment. Future Research Needs.

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental science combined with computer technology. One click on a mouse and information flows into your PC from up to 10,000 miles away. When you receive this information you can ferret through the data and use it in any number of computer programs. The result: solutions to plant design problems that affect the health and well being of people around the globe. What does that mean to you, the environmental professional, scientist, or engineer? Computer Simulated Plant Design for Waste Minimization/Pollution Prevention builds on the concepts introduced in Stan Bumble's Computer Generated Physical Properties, the first volume of the Computer Modeling for Environmental Management series. Bumble discusses using computer simulation programs to solve problems in plant design before they occur. He covers design issues for stationary and non-stationary sources of pollution, global warming, troposcopic ozone, and stratospheric ozone. With Computer Simulated Plant Design for Waste Minimization/Pollution Prevention you will understand how to use computer technology to design plants that generate little or no pollution. Even better, you can use the information generated by computer simulation for technical data in proposals, presentations and as the basis for making policy decisions.Table of ContentsPollution Prevention and Waste Minimization. Mathematical Methods. Computer Programs for Pollution Prevention and/or Waste Minimization. Computer Programs for the Best Raw Materials and Products of Clean Processes. Pathways to Prevention. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThe completion of the initial phase of the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) in 1990 marked the end of the largest environmental research and assessment effort to that time. The resulting series of 27 State of Science and Technology (SOS/T) Reports and the NAPAP Integrated Assessment represent a decade of work by hundreds of scientists, engineers, and economists. Since then, many new, significant, more refined studies on acid deposition have been completed and published, considerably broadening knowledge in this area.Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition summarizes and synthesizes these major advancements, particularly those topics that are directly relevant to policy making. It offers complete coverage of recent findings that have substantiated, deepened, modified, or in some cases, revolutionized scientific understanding in environmental research.This resource addresses the quantification of effects and recent developments in predictive modeling capabilities. It covers virtually all aspects of nitrogen effects research, the importance of natural sources of acidity, the influence of land use and landscape change on drainage water chemistry, and the role of short-term episodic events. This comprehensive update thoroughly illustrates the progression and refinement in the field. Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition helps you make educated decisions based on the most recent, reliable data for air pollution sensitivities, effects, remediation, and future research.Table of Contents1 Introduction -- 1.1 1990 NAPAP Reports and Integrated Assessment -- 1.2 Scope -- 1.3 Goals and Objectives -- 1.4 Outline of State of Science Update -- 2 Background and Approach -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.1.1 Atmospheric Inputs -- 2.1.2 Sensitivity to Acidification -- 2.2 Chemical Response Variables of Concern -- 2.2.1 Sulfur -- 2.2.2 Nitrogen -- 2.2.3 Acid Neutralizing Capacity -- 2.2.4 pH -- 2.2.5 Base Cations -- 2.2.6 Aluminum -- 2.2.7 Biological Effects -- 2.3 Monitoring -- 2.4 Historical Water Quality Assessment Techniques -- 2.4.1 Historical Measurements -- 2.4.2 Paleolimnological Reconstructions -- 2.4.3 Empirical Relationships and Ion Ratios -- 2.5 Models -- 2.5.1 Empirical Models -- 2.5.2 Dynamic Models -- 3 Chronic Acidification -- 3.1 Characteristics of Sensitive Systems -- 3.2 Causes of Acidification -- 3.2.1 Sulfur -- 3.2.2 Organic Acidity -- 3.2.3 Nitrogen -- 3.2.4 Base Cation Depletion -- 3.2.5 Land Use -- 3.2.6 Climate -- 3.2.7 Fire -- 3.2.8 Hydrology -- 3.3 Effects of Acidification -- 3.3.1 Aluminum -- 3.3.2 Effects on Aquatic Biota -- 3.3.3 Effects on Amphibians -- 4 Extent and Magnitude of Surface Water Acidification -- 4.1 Northeast -- 4.1.1 Monitoring Studies -- 4.1.2 Paleolimnological Studies -- 4.1.3 Experimental Manipulation -- 4.1.4 Model Simulations -- 4.2 Appalachian Mountains -- 4.2.1 Monitoring Studies -- 4.2.2 Model Simulations -- 4.3 Florida -- 4.3.1 Monitoring Studies -- 4.3.2 Paleolimnological Studies -- 4.3.3 Model Simulations -- 4.4 Upper Midwest -- 4.4.1 Monitoring Studies -- 4.4.2 Paleolimnological Studies -- 4.4.3 Experimental Manipulation -- 4.4.4 Model Simulations -- 4.5 West -- 4.5.1 Monitoring Studies -- 4.5.2 Paleolimnological Studies -- 4.5.3 Model Simulations -- 5 Chemical Dose-Response Relationships and Critical Loads -- 5.1 Quantification of Chemical Dose-Response Relationships -- 5.1.1 Measured Changes in Acid-Base Chemistry -- 5.1.2 Space-for-Time Substitution -- 5.1.3 Paleolimnological Inferences of Dose-Response -- 5.1.4 Model Estimates of Dose-Response -- 5.2 Critical Loads -- 5.2.1 Background -- 5.2.2 Progress in Europe -- 5.2.3 Progress in the U.S. and Canada -- 5.2.4 Establishment of Standards for Sulfur and Nitrogen -- 6 Episodic Acidification -- 6.1 Background and Characteristics of Sensitive Systems -- 6.2 Causes -- 6.2.1 Natural Processes -- 6.2.2 Anthropogenic Effects -- 6.3 Extent and Magnitude -- 6.4 Biological Impacts -- 7 Nitrogen Dynamics -- 7.1 Nitrogen Cycle -- 7.2 Environmental Effects -- 7.3 Nitrogen in Surface Waters -- 8 Experimental Manipulation Studies -- 8.1 Whole-System Nitrogen and /or Sulfur Enrichment Experimental Manipulations -- 8.1.1 Gardsjon, Sweden -- 8.1.2 Sogndal, Norway -- 8.1.3 Lake Skjervatjern, Norway -- 8.1.4 Aber, Wales -- 8.1.5 Klosterhede, Denmark -- 8.1.6 Bear Brook, ME -- 8.2 Whole-System Nitrogen Exclusion (Roof) Studies -- 8.2.1 Gardsjon, Sweden -- 8.2.2 Ysselsteyn and Speuld, Netherlands -- 8.2.3 Klosterhede, Denmark -- 8.2.4 Soiling, Germany -- 8.2.5 Risdalsheia, Norway -- 8.3 Climatic Interactions -- 8.4 Results and Implications -- 9 Predictive Capabilities -- 9.1 Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC) -- 9.1.1 Background and General Structure as Used -- for the NAPAP 1990 Integrated Assessment -- 9.1.2 Recent Modifications to the MAGIC Model -- 9.1.2.1 Regional Aggregation and Background Sulfate -- 9.1.2.2 Organic Acids -- 9.1.2.3 Aluminum -- 9.1.2.4 Nitrogen -- 9.1.3 Cumulative Impacts of Changes to the MAGIC Model -- 9.1.4 MAGIC Model Testing and Confirmation Studies -- 9.1.4.1 Lake Skjervatjern (HUMEX) -- 9.1.4.2 Risdalsheia (RAIN) -- 9.1.4.3 Bear Brook (WMP) -- 9.1.5 Evaluation of MAGIC Projections -- 9.2 Nitrogen Models -- 10 Case Study: Adirondack Park, NY -- 10.1 Background and Available Data -- 10.1.1 ELS-I -- 10.1.2 ALSC -- 10.1.3 ELS-II -- 10.1.4 DDRP -- 10.1.5 PIRLA -- 10.1.6 ALTM -- 10.1.7 ERP -- 10.2 Watershed History -- 10.3 Lake-Water Chemistry -- 10.4 Organic Acidity -- 10.5 Role of Nitrogen in Acidification Processes -- 10.6 Role of Landscape and Disturbance -- in Acidification Processes -- 10.7 Overall Assessment -- 11 Case Study: Class I Areas in the Mountainous West -- 11.1 Background -- 11.2 Sierra Nevada -- 11.2.1 Atmospheric Deposition -- 11.2.2 Surface Water Chemistry -- 11.2.3 Seasonality and Episodic Processes -- 11.2.4 Weathering and Cation Exchange -- 11.3 Rocky Mountains -- 11.3.1 Glacier National Park -- 11.3.2 Yellowstone National Park -- 11.3.3 Grand Teton National Park -- 11.3.4 Rocky Mountain National Park -- 12 Conclusions and Future Research Needs -- Definitions -- References -- Index.

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Book SynopsisWhile innovative technologies in remediation need to be developed, so do innovative ways of site assessment. This monograph describes the development, testing, and performance of a new laser-induced fluorescence soil probe. A screening tool for site characterization, this probe has the potential to provide an economical, rapid assessment of contaminated sites.Cone Penetrometer testing equipment advances the probe into the subsurface. The probe identifies hydrocarbon classes using a multi-channel excitation-emission matrix. This technique facilitates the collection of significant amounts of subsurface information - surpassing conventional data collection methods - that can be used to rapidly identify areas of concern beneath a site. The technology has significant application for the following:Rapid environmental site assessment Monitoring remediation programs Monitoring manufacturing processes and industrial waste water operationsSubsurface Contamination Monitoring Using Laser Fluorescence provides comprehensive reference material for researchers and engineers as well as engineering consultants interested in subsurface monitoring techniques or further development of this technology. It describes innovative technology that focuses on finding cost effective solutions for site assessment and remediation.Trade Review"...easily the best and most up-to-date book this reviewer has read on the subject... Given the reasonable price for this book, the quality and quantity of information contained, and its timeliness, it is highly recommended."-ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction. LIF-EEM Engineering Design. Summary of Technology Demonstration. Data Interpretation and Evaluation. Outlook. Applicability of the LIF-EEM Technology. Comparison with Other LIF Systems.REFERENCESAPPENDICESNTI/Sales Copy

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Book SynopsisThis authoritative text addresses the latest in bioremediation technologies for three difficult-to-treat contaminant groups: chlorinated solvents, PCBs, and PAHs - one of the most complex and expensive areas of applied remediation engineering.Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds assesses innovative R&D projects developed for each contaminant group by a specially funded consortium of experts. Considering factors such as availability, toxicity, and treatability, world-class experts chronicle the development of field-ready biotechnologies, reflecting on the science and engineering challenges encountered as the research team progressed from bench-scale testing to the field. This book features the experimental work involved in enzymatic reactions for the biodegradation of co-solvent extraction of chlorinated solvents, bioaugmentation enhanced PAH degradation, and genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) for enhanced PCB degradation. Comparisons to traditional methods of remediation also provide new insight on how to optimize biotreatment.Concluding with future directions of research and development in this area, Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Compounds is a must-have for professionals seeking cutting-edge, innovative biotreatment technologies for these hazardous organic compounds.Trade Review"…contributes newly available information and actual experimental work on the biotreatment of recalcitrant contaminants in the environment…authors are world class authorities in their respective fields." - C.H. Ward, Rice University "This book will appeal to a broad range of users as each chapter begins with an explanation of the basics before going into greater technical detail for the more applied users, and would be suitable for the undergraduate, postgraduate, and professional level."-Microbiology Today, May 2006Table of ContentsIntroduction to Recalcitrant Compounds. Availability, Toxicity and Treatability of Recalcitrant Compounds. Current Treatment Technology of Recalcitrant Compounds. The Flask to Field Initiative. Explosives Biodegradation. Chlorinated Solvent Contaminated Soils and Groundwaters. Enhancing PCB Bioremediation. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Future Needs for Research and Development.

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Book SynopsisThe presence of cyanide is a significant issue in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment and management, in remediation of former manufactured gas plant sites and aluminum production waste disposal sites, in treatment and management of residuals from hydrometallurgical gold mining, and in other industrial operations in which cyanide-bearing wastes were produced. The complexity of the chemistry and toxicology of cyanide and the risk it poses in different environmental contexts make its management and remediation extremely challenging. Cyanide in Water and Soil is the first book to present the state-of-the-art in managing cyanide across a wide range of industrial and environmental contexts.The book brings together current knowledge and information about cyanide release to and behavior in the environment, and explores how to control or remediate these releases. No other broad-based examination of this topic exists. Exploring the anthropogenic and natural sources of cyanide in the environment, the authors address the full range of issues pertaining to cyanide fate, transport, treatment, and toxicity in water and soil as well as approaches currently used in risk assessment and management. They have developed a careful balance of depth and scope of coverage, providing current references that help readers learn more about topics of particular interest. An array of technologies is available for the treatment of cyanide in surface water and groundwater, wastewaters, and contaminated soils and sludges. These technologies span the gamut of biological, chemical, electrolytic, physical, and thermal treatment processing. Presenting examples of applications of the technologies employed most commonly in municipal and industrial settings, the book is a useful reference tool for engineers, scientists, practitioners, and researchers in academia, industrial organizations, government, and engineering and science consulting firms.Trade Review“Thirty-five different authors have contributed 27 chapters … coverage is comprehensive. Cyanide, its problems and solutions and thereto, is well discussed (and very well referenced, with approximately 60 references per chapter … It is well written, and to say the least, extremely comprehensive in the discussion of cyanide problems and solutions.” — Gary F. Bennett, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Ohio, in Journal of Hazardous Materials, May 2006Table of ContentsIntroduction. Physical and Chemical Forms of Cyanide. Natural Sources of Cyanide. Manufacture and the Use of Cyanide. Physical-Chemical Properties and Reactivity of Cyanide in Water and Soil. Biological Transformation of Cyanide in Water and Soil. Analysis of Cyanide in Water. Analysis of Cyanide in Solids and Semi-Solids. Fate and Transport of Anthropogenic Cyanide in Surface Water. Fate and Transport of Anthropogenic Cyanide in Soil and Groundwater. Anthropogenic Cyanide in the Marine Environment. Cyanide Cycle in Nature. Human Toxicology of Cyanide. Aquatic Toxicity of Cyanide. Toxicity of Cyanide to Aquatic-Dependent Wildlife. Human Health Risk Assessment of Cyanide Compounds in Water and Soil. Ecological Risk Assessment of Cyanide in Water and Soil. Regulation of Cyanide in Water and Soil. Cyanide Treatment Technology: Overview. Ambient Temperature Oxidation Technologies for Treatment of Cyanide. Separation Technologies for Treatment of Cyanide. Thermal and High Temperature Oxidation Technologies for Treatment of Cyanide. Microbiological Technologies for Treatment of Cyanide. Cyanide Phytoremediation. Management of Cyanide in Municipal Wastewaters. Management of Cyanide in Industrial Process Wastewaters. Cyanide Management in Groundwater and Soil.

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Book SynopsisAccording to the National Resources Defense Council, stormwater runoff rivals or exceeds discharges from factories and sewage plants as a source of pollution throughout the United States. The Environmental Protection Agency identifies urban stormwaters as the second largest source of water quality damage in estuaries and a significant contributor to the damage to lakes, rivers, and bays. The full impacts of marginal pollution, particularly that caused by uncontrolled overflows, must be recognized now and planning needs to be initiated to improve sewerage sytem efficiencies in order to bring wastewater flows under control. Time is of the essence for municipal programs because corrective action is a time consuming process. Current research and development is elucidating the most efficient and least costly methods needed to restore and maintain water resources.Based on seminars presented by international experts for the U.S. EPA, Wet-Weather Flow in the Urban Watershed: Technology and Management covers a broad spectrum of urban wet-weather flow management and pollution abatement topics. The topics covered will assist municipal engineers, consultants, and academic researchers with design, cost, and water quality issues. About the Editors:Richard Field has over 39 years of experience working in the environmental engineering field and is a registered professional engineer in the states of New York and New Jersey. Mr. Field has been in charge of the EPA's National Storm and Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Technology Research and Development program located at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory's Edison, New Jersey location since 1970. He has over 300 peer-reviewed publications to his credit. Mr. Field has received numerous outstanding achievement awards and citations for on-the-job performance and technological contribution including two EPA Bronze Medals, the ASCE State-of-the-Art of Civil Engineering Award, two New York Water Pollution Control Association Awards for excellence in technicological advancement, and three U.S. EPA Scientific and Technical Achievement Awards.Daniel Sullivan has over 32 years experience working in the field of environmental engineering and is a registered professional engineer in the sates of New York and New Jersey. He has served as Chief of the Urban Watershed Management Branch which conducts the U.S. EPA national wet-weather flow (WWF) and watershed management research program. Mr. Sullivan began his EPA career in 1972 and has authored, co-authored, presented and/or published a combination of more than 100 peer-reviewed publications on the topics of hazardous waste control and WWF. He has received two EPA Bronze Medals for his work in the EPA's WWF research program and environmental technology verification program.Trade Review"…it provides a worthwhile insight into the state-of-the-art in control of rain-water runoff in the USA EPA."Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung Vol. 50, No. 1, Feb. 2006Table of ContentsManagement of Wet-Weather Flow in the Urban Watershed. The Physical and Chemical Nature of Urban Stormwater Runoff Pollutants. National Stormwater Runoff Pollution Database. SLAMM, the Source Loading and Management Model. Emerging Stormwater Controls for Critical Source Areas. Treatment of Stormwater Runoff from Urban Areas. Management of Sewer Sediments. Management of Wet-Weather Flow Solids. Beneficial Use of Urban Stormwater. Low Impact Development: An Ecologically Sensitive Alternative. Low Impact Development: Hydrologic Analysis. Geomorphic Considerations in Stream Protection. Geomorphic Considerations in Stream Restoration.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of a very successful standard reference is expanded and fully reworked. The book explains and quantifies the processes whereby streams cleanse themselves, reducing their pollutant load as a natural process. Mechanisms of purification in running waters have always been critical with regard to clearly identified pollution sources. This new edition explains the self-purifying function of streams and rivers in light of recent EPA rules on nonpoint pollutants and total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). It also covers basic concepts such as biological oxygen demand (BOD). Also new in this edition is an extended discussion of how streams originate and how they fit into the geomorphology of the earth and other water supply sources. Information is presented on aquatic life, including macroinvertebrates and their role as bioindicators of stream health. Chapter review tests and answers are included so that the readers can evaluate their mastery of the concepts presented. Stream Ecology and Self-Purification: An Introduction, 2nd Edition serves as a practical introduction to ecology combined with an explanation of how streams absorb and react to pollution. This text will prove valuable to water and wastewater plant operators, watershed managers, trainers, environmental students, water quality professionals, and will be an excellent preparation aid to wastewater/water operator licensing exams.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Stream Genesis And Structure. Biogeochemical Cycles. Energy Flow in the Ecosystem. Population Ecology. Stream Water. Freshwater Ecology. Stream Ecology. Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Stream Pollution. Biomonitoring. Self-Purification Of Streams. Biological Sampling. Final Comprehensive Examination.

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Book SynopsisThis title includes a number of Open Access chapters. The activated sludge process is one of the most versatile and commonly used wastewater treatment systems in the world. In the past, when industrial wastewater treatment focused on removing biological oxygen demand and suspended solids, waste water plants needed different processes and technology. The shift to the activated sludge process means environmental engineers must build new treatment plants and retrofit old ones. In this compendium, the editor, an experienced and well-published scientist in the field, has brought together articles that relate to the new requirements.Table of ContentsModels and Kinetics. Experimental and Theoretical Approaches for the Surface Interaction between Copper and Activated Sludge Microorganisms at Molecular Scale. A Novel Protocol for Model Calibration in Biological Wastewater Treatment. Sorption and Release of Organics by Primary, Anaerobic, and Aerobic Activated Sludge Mixed with Raw Municipal Wastewater. Removal Mechanisms and Kinetics of Trace Tetracycline by Two Types of Activated Sludge Treating Freshwater Sewage and Saline Sewage. Diversity of Activated Sludge and Process Microbiology. Evaluation of Simultaneous Nutrient and COD Removal with Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Accumulation Using Mixed Microbial Consortia under Anoxic Condition and Their Bioinformatics Analysis. Characterization of Pure Cultures Isolated from Sulfamethoxazole-Acclimated Activated Sludge with Respect to Taxonomic Identification and Sulfamethoxazole Biodegradation Potential. Assessing Bacterial Diversity in a Seawater-Processing Wastewater Treatment Plant by 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA and amoA Genes. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal. An Efficient Process for Wastewater Treatment to Mitigate Free Nitrous Acid Generation and Its Inhibition on Biological Phosphorus Removal. Xenobiotics. Bacterial Consortium and Axenic Cultures Isolated from Activated Sewage Sludge for Biodegradation of Imidazoliumbased Ionic Liquid. Methane Production. Zero Valent Iron Significantly Enhances Methane Production from Waste Activated Sludge by Improving Biochemical Methane Potential Rather Than Hydrolysis Rate. Towards a Metagenomic Understanding on Enhanced Biomethane Production from Waste Activated Sludge after pH 10 Pretreatment. Biofilm Bioreactors. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Biofouling Bacteria and Profiling of Quorum Sensing Signal Molecules from Membrane Bioreactor Activated Sludge. Scenario Analysis of Nutrient Removal from Municipal Wastewater by Microalgal Biofilms.

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Book SynopsisThis title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This new compendium provides a nuanced look at monitoring, measuring, and modeling air quality pollution in conjunction with its effects on public health and the environment. Air pollution has been proven to be a major environmental risk to health. Protecting and improving air quality requires knowledge about the types and levels of pollutants being emitted. It also requires the best possible measurement and monitoring capabilities. The chapters in this volume serve as a foundation for monitoring, measuring, and modeling air pollution.Table of ContentsPart I: Overview. Perspectives of Low-Cost Sensors Adoption for Air Quality Monitoring. Part II: Waste Incineration. A Review of Exposure Assessment Methods in Epidemiological Studies on Incinerators. Management of Atmospheric Pollutants from Waste Incineration Processes: The Case of Bozen. Comparative Assessment of Particulate Air Pollution Exposure from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Emissions. Part III: Industrial Emissions. Comparative Analysis of Monitoring Devices for Particulate Content in Exhaust Gases. Perspectives of Unconventional PCDD/F Monitoring for a Steel-Making Plant. Deposition near a Sintering Plant: Preliminary Comparison between Two Methods of Measurements by Deposimeters. Estimation of Regional Air-Quality Damages from Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Extraction in Pennsylvania. Part IV: Urban Air Pollution. Modelling Human Exposure to Air Pollutants in an Urban Area. New Considerations for PM, Black Carbon and Particle Number Concentration for Air Quality Monitoring across Different European Cities. Air Quality Modeling in Support of the Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS). Part V: Agriculture. Characteristics and Emission Budget of Carbonaceous Species from Post-Harvest Agricultural-Waste Burning in Source Region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

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Book SynopsisAbout 7,000 people lose their lives and nearly 100 million people are adversely affected by floods each year worldwide. Flooding occurs in almost every part of the world and is the result of extreme rainfall. Severe flooding also costs billions of dollars each year in damage and economic losses. This new volume focuses on two detailed studies that employ physically based hydrologic models to predict flooding in the particularly challenging environment of small watersheds with mountainous terrain and high intensity/high variability rainfall.Table of ContentsFLOOD PREDICTION LIMITATIONS IN SMALL WATERSHEDS. FLOOD ALERT SYSTEM USING HIGH RESOLUTION RADAR RAINFALL DATA.

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Book SynopsisWith a sharp focus on environmental pollution and its impact on life and nature, scientists and engineers have studied the water treatment effect of natural wetlands for many years, resulting in the development of constructed wetlands (CWs) for treating wastewater. This informative new book provides current information and guidance on the construction, performance, operation, and maintenance of subsurface flow constructed wetlands of domestic and municipal wastewater.The focus of the volume is to evaluate the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in treating domestic wastewater to establish the limit that can be safely discharged to agricultural drains. Two-step procedures were used for the preparation of this book. Using modeling and statistical analyses of treated water samples showed a significant difference between different media for the treatment of most pollutants. The authors went on to design artificial neural network models (ANNs) using Matlab software to simulate some of the experimental data and to anticipate the parameters of output concentration.The wetland systems have the ability to deal with various pollutants with different concentrations and to decrease the treated water to the standard limits. This volume presents the main role of emergent plants for treatment performance in the constructed wetlands and will be a very important resource for engineers in this field as well as for both undergraduate and graduate students.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Literature Review. Field and Experimental Works. Theoretical Approach. Field and Experimental Results. Set up Stage Analysis. Steady Stage Analysis. ANNs Modeling and SPSS Analysis. Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations.

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Book SynopsisThis title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This new compendium volume examines the significant impact of air quality on human health. Assessing air pollution in complex morphologies has become an important issue in order to implement mitigation measures and limit emissions from the most relevant sources, such as waste incineration, traffic emissions, emissions from fuel and electricity production, and household emissions. These pollutants result in adverse health effects, material damage, damage to ecosystems, and global climate change. The book looks at these issues and is divided into several sections, covering air pollution and where we came from and where we’re headed waste incineration and its impact on air quality air pollution vehicle and transportation emissions emissions from fuel and electricity production The chapters in Pollution and the Atmosphere: Designs for Reduced Emissions contain recent research looking at the two major components of air pollution: air pollution control and air-quality engineering. Air pollution control focuses on the fundamentals of air pollutant formation in process technologies and the identification of options for mitigating or preventing air pollutant emissions. Air quality engineering deals with large-scale, multi-source control strategies, with focus on the physics and chemistry of pollutant interactions in the atmosphere. Table of ContentsEmissions, Air Concentrations and Atmospheric Depositions of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Nickel in Italy in the Last Two Decades: A Review of Recent Trends in Relation to Policy Strategies Adopted Locally, Regionally, and Globally. Role of Feedstock Transport in the Balance of Primary PM Emissions in Two Case-Studies: RMSW Incineration vs. Sintering Plant. A Critical Analysis of Emissions and Atmospheric Dispersion of Pollutants from Plants for the Treatment of Residual Municipal Solid Waste. Performance of a Diesel Engine with Blends of Biodiesel (from a Mixture of Oils) and High-Speed Diesel. Comparative Analysis of Exhaust Gases from MF285 and U650 Tractors Under Field Conditions. Respiratory Quotient (Rq), Exhaust Gas Analyses, CO2 Emission and Applications in Automobile Engineering. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generation: A Comparative Analysis of Australian Energy Sources. Effects of Energy Production and Consumption on Air Pollution and Global Warming. Venting and Leaking of Methane from Shale Gas Development: Response to Cathles et al. Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Inventory Analysis of Household Waste Management and Food Waste Reduction Activities in Kyoto, Japan. Assessing "Dangerous Climate Change": Required Reduction of Carbon Emissions to Protect Young People, Future Generations and Nature.

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Book SynopsisAbiotic stresses are known to adversely impact agricultural productivity on millions of hectares globally, and it is projected that these problems are likely to increase, primarily due to anthropogenic interventions as well as climatic changes. Understanding abiotic stresses—especially salt stress on soil—calls for an interdisciplinary approach because salt-stressed soils need hydro-technical, chemical, and agronomic interventions as well as an understanding of plant response when exposed to these stresses. This volume explores and conveys the latest information on emerging technologies in the management of abiotic salt stress and their field applications. It brings together experts from various fields (academia, technology, and engineering) to provide the latest information and knowledge on this important challenge.Trade Review"A welcome addition to the literature. It presents a holistic interdisciplinary approach to resolve these global problems of irrigated and dry land regions."—Dr. Ashwani Kumar, Former Director, Directorate of Water Management, (Now ICAR- Indian Institute of Water Management), India "In the context of 800 million people remaining hungry currently, to feed 9.7 billion people in 2050 will be a real challenge. While some respite is foreseen through management of land and water resources, reclamation of degraded land and water resources provides an opportunity that needs to be unlocked. This volume presents some interdisciplinary keys to unlock the potential of salt affected saline/sodic soils for higher productivity."—Dr. C. L. Acharya, Former Director, ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Table of ContentsNomenclature and Reclamation of Sodic (Alkali) Soils Using Gypsum: A Review on Historical Perspective. Soil Salinity Management in Fruit Crops: A Review on Options and Challenges. Role of Conservation Agriculture in Mitigating Soil Salinity in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Plants under Soil Salinity Stress: A Review. Biochemical, Physiological and Molecular Approaches for Improving Salt Tolerance in Crop Plants: A Review. Genomics Technologies for Improving Salt Tolerance in Wheat. Morpho-Biochemical and Molecular Markers for Screening and Assessing Plant Response to Salinity. Plants under Waterlogged Conditions: An Overview. Potential and Role of Halophytes Crops in Saline Environments. Approaches for Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Seed Spices.

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Book SynopsisThe family firm, once regarded as a transitory phenomenon on the way to a more sophisticated model of business organization, is now recognized internationally as an enduring element in modern industrial capitalism. Collen offers an informed and accessible discussion of a significant family-run institution which has operated throughout the island of Ireland since its foundation. The author makes use of untapped archival sources to analyse the fortunes of the company and illuminate the changing political, economic and social realities that shaped the context for its development. He explores how a family enterprise adapted to the far-reaching transformation of politics and society in Ireland over a period of two centuries. The Collen family business has survived economic depression, two World Wars, and the Troubles in Northern Ireland with a combination of resilience and business acumen. This book presents a distinctive Irish perspective on the evolution and persistence of family business, while casting new light on the commercial development of Dublin during the last two hundred years. Collen will be of use to scholars of modern Irish history, economic development, architecture, civil engineering, business and public policy and will be invaluable for all those with a professional interest in Irish business and family enterprise.

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Book SynopsisThis text is divided into three parts. Part I focuses on the need for management to assess the challenges of water scarcity and plan changes based on proper valuation and financial instruments, international co-operation and efficient use. Part II analyses the problems of water scarcity and the available solutions in each main sector: water supply and sanitation, energy, health, agriculture, ecosystems and biodiversity. Part III assesses the state of the debate following the third World Water Forum and sets out the priorities for action, including increased investment, institutional reform and capacity building in the water sector. Downloadable resources with extensive case studies and statistical data accompanies this text.Trade Review'World Water Actions presents applied and concrete answers to many of the issues identified by the United Nations through its World Water Assessment Programme, and therefore inspires us all as water practitioners.' Andras Szollosi-Nagy, Deputy Assistant Director-General, Natural Sciences, and Secretary, International Hydrological Programme, UNESCO 'Water facts and figures are essential, but to understand why we are in crisis today, it is imperative to go beyond statistical data into both the water management perspective and the analysis of community-level experience. This important study looks at all these levels - and more.' Margaret Catley-Carson, Chair, Global Water Partnership 'World Water Actions provides a review of over 3,000 initiatives in every field of water management and affecting all stakeholders. It clearly demonstrates that the World Water Movement envisioned by the World Water Commission is well underway.' Ismail Serageldin, Chairman, World Commission for Water in the 21st Century 'A book to recommend to decision makers.' Sherkin CommentTable of ContentsForeword * Preface * Overview: Recording Actions, Identifying Gaps * Part 1: Assessing Challenges, Initiating Change - Water's Many Values * Water Management * Transboundary Basins * Water and Gender * Water-related Risks * Financing Water Infrastructure and Services * Part 2: Focusing on Key Areas, Promoting Change - Water Supply and Sanitation * Water for Energy * Water for Health * Water for Agriculture * Water, Ecosystems, and Biodiversity * Part 3: Taking Stock, Advancing Change: The Third World Water Forum and the Future Agenda * Figures * Tables * Boxes

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