Chemistry Books

Book SynopsisThe opening chapter reviews the many theoretical predictions of nitrogen oligomers and discusses their potential applications. Predictions of nitrogen oligomers encapsulated in carbon nanotubes, free standing oligomers and single crystals of nitrogen oligomers are also discussed. Additionally, a focus on the synthesis of various electron push and electron pull units towards the construction of push-pull unit decorated oligomers and their application as organic optoelectronic materials is presented. The authors provide a summary of relevant methodologies for using an alcohol as reducing agent. The authors go on to examine how yellow laccases differ from blue laccases in fungal strains. Laccase is an oxidoreductase with four copper ions in two active sites, which catalyses the oxidation of reduced substrates usually phenols or aromatic amines, coupled with the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. The penultimate chapter discusses the novel features of biphenyl based systems and how their rigidity and compactness provide detectable signals even for poorly conducting conformations. A literature review on ethylbenzene extraction using ionic liquids is presented in the final section and the results are discussed in the light of selectivity and distribution coefficients since both of them affect process efficiency.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/advances-in-chemistry-research-volume-53/

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Book SynopsisThe first chapter of Advances in Chemistry Research. Volume 54 investigates the structure-function relationships of glycans. A recent structural analysis of oligomannose glycans, based on biophysical methods (including solution nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallographic analyses) are presented and discussed. A summary of the history, clinical uses, and pharmacokinetics of polyethylene glycol interferon are presented. Important features regarding its clinical efficacy in combination with new antiviral agents like ribavirin, telaprevir, entecavir, tenofovir, adefovir, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir are also discussed. The fluorescence properties of anthracene based ligands are proposed to be suitable to design sensors for cations as well as anions. Some of the complexes of anthracene-based ligands are reported to have potential for light-emitting devices. Various quantum chemical properties, dipole moments, bond lengths, charges, total electronic energies, the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies and the interfrontier molecular orbital energy gap values are obtained and compared. An empirical equation is derived for calculating the free formaldehyde concentration in alcohol-formaldehyde systems at various temperatures and total formaldehyde concentrations, as well as an equation for evaluating solvent concentrations. In the final study, the authors exploit the intense fluorescence behavior of luminol for a quantitative understanding of hydrogen bonding behavior and its interaction with several biological media, with the help of steady state and time-resolved measurements as well as density functional theory calculations.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/advances-in-chemistry-research-volume-54/

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Book SynopsisThis book covers all important topics of photocatalysis in simple language with clear presentation. Nanostructures are continuously improving the functional characteristics of the material because of enhanced surface to volume ratio. Therefore, in this book a concise and balanced account of all key aspects of nanostructures-based-photocatalysis, such as kinetics, mechanism, essential factors influencing the photocatalysis, as well as its recent developments, important applications, and future prospects has been presented systematically. In addition, historical background on each topic has also been provided along with the recent development to make it interesting to read.

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Book SynopsisThe influence of individual groups in the monomeric unit of polyamides on their physical properties is analysed in the opening chapter of Volume 55. The following chapter focuses on selected aspects of the chemistry and biology of triclabendazole, and includes not only a description of the impact of the disease fasciolosis, but also the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of triclabendazole. The author of the penultimate chapter focuses on the catalytic reaction mechanism of H2 release by solvolysis, hydro-thermolysis, and thermolysis reactions of borates. Recent advances in the fabrication of various catalysts are discussed, and recent investigations of their internal and external properties are described. The final review attempts to summarize the medicinal properties, health benefits and clinical applications of papaya. Furthermore, research and exploitation of high value-added products from papaya is discussed.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Chemistry Research. Volume 57 begins with a focus on structures which core-modified porphyrins and derivatives adopt, as well as a comparison of electronic properties, including aromaticity, of core-modified porphyrins and common tetrapyrroles. Perspectives of studies and applications of core-modified tetrapyrroles are considered as well. Following this, the authors provide a brief introduction to solvation processes in pure solvents, followed by an extension of the topic to mixtures, and a thorough analysis of preferential solvation phenomena. In one study, Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome c oxidase is prepared, in which n terminal histidines 3, 7, and 10 of subunit III have been replaced with glutamine residues and enzymatic activities of the isolated mutant enzyme assessed. Different aspects of the problem of the oxo-atom transfer of organometallic complexes in oxidation reactions of some organic compounds with dioxygen, under UV-irradiation, are discussed. Examples demonstrating the catalytic properties of dioxo-Mo-complexes in oxidation of the chlorinated derivatives of mono- and biphenyl substituted alkanes are presented. The authors also examine plant biomass-based substrates or waste coproducts that have been examined to determine whether they could support pullulan synthesis by the fungus A. pullulans, and identify which show the most promise for commercial pullulan production. In conclusion, clustering in aqueous solutions of H2CO3 and NaHCO3 in the mass range from 100 to 200 thousand Dalton is studied by way of gravitational mass spectroscopy. The formation of ensembles of clusters obeying the first and second Zubov equation was found.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Chemistry Research. Volume 58 first characterizes electrochemical oxidation processes from an ecotoxicological perspective. This approach allows for the evaluation of the influence of electrochemical degradation parameters, such as electrode material or type of electrolyte, in the modulation of toxicity under different scenarios. Following this, the authors present a collection of existing knowledge on electro-fenton and anodic oxidation electrochemical processes. The choice of electrode materials plays an important role in both processes for better efficiency. A standardized procedure is proposed for analyzing humic samples of various genesis consisting of four successive methods of analysis. The results obtained in this case present a set of, semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters in the macromolecule of carboxyl, aromatic, polysaccharide and aliphatic fragments. A highly effective adsorbent for p-chlorophenol is been synthesized using magnetite nanoparticles coated with humic acids. The adsorbent is synthesized via co-precipitation of a mixed Fe3+ and Fe2+ solution using NH4OH 25% at pH 11 followed by the rapid addition of humic acids solution in NaOH 1 M. This collection also reviews the spectral and luminescent properties of humic acids, as well as identifies the impact of humic acids on the effectiveness of organic compounds photodegradation. In the concluding study, the water quench test is applied as an experimental method for thermal shock resistance testing, and the authors provide a morphological analysis of the samples before and during the testing.

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Book SynopsisA Closer Look at Kinase Inhibition opens with a discussion on the roles of various tyrosine kinases inhibitors and molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs therapy in colon-rectal cancer. The authors summarize host cell and viral protein kinases, the progress in their use, and the repurposing of approved kinase inhibitors as broad-spectrum antivirals. The key kinases, namely CLK1, DYRK1A, CDK5, GSK3 and CK1, are analyzed as data indicate that targeting these proteins may have therapeutic promise against Alzheimer's disease.Table of ContentsPrefaceTargeted Therapy of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Drugs for Two Different Cancers (Colon-Rectal Cancer and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia) and Their Resistance MechanismsRole of Kinases in Antiviral TherapeuticsIn Search of Novel Tau Kinase Inhibitors and Their Role in Alzheimers TherapyIndex.

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Book SynopsisOchratoxin A and Aflatoxin B1: New Research first presents the latest knowledge regarding the occurrence of ochratoxin A in dry-cured meat and dairy products, as well as relevant food safety issues. Different remediation strategies such as heating, ripening, drying, storage and the use of microbial cultures, which have been adopted for the prevention or decontamination of ochratoxin A, are critically reviewed. Next, the authors assess the occurrence of ochratoxin A in different types of dry-fermented sausages and hams produced by various households in Croatia, proposing that in order to avoid contamination, the production of household-based meat and meat products should run under standardized and well-controlled conditions. In the subsequent study, a total of sixty mold-contaminated rice, corn and groundnut samples were collected from one of the Cauvery delta regions of Tamil Nadu, India, and analyzed to determine the co-occurrence of ochratoxin A and citrinin, and the respective mycotoxigenic fungal strains that produce these toxins. Besides the known adverse effects of alcohol, beer could also be the source of several mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic among the identified aflatoxins and classified into group I as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancers. The stability of aflatoxin B1 during the brewing process, as well as the most important detection techniques and sample treatment used for the determination of this compound are evaluated.Table of ContentsPreface; Ochratoxin A (OTA) Occurence in Meat and Dairy Products: Prevention and Remediation Strategies; Ochratoxin A Contamination of Traditional Dry-Cured Meat Products; Co-Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Citrinin and Identification of Fungi That Produce the Respective Mycotoxins in Mold-Contaminated Rice, Corn and Groundnut Samples; Presence of Aflatoxin B1 in Beer: Contamination during Processing and Methods of Analysis; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the physics and chemistry of surfaces. The scope includes the structure, thermodynamics, and mobility of clean surfaces, as well as the interaction of gas molecules with solid surfaces. The energetic particle interactions that are the basis for the majority of techniques developed to reveal the structure and chemistry of surfaces are explored including auger electron spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, inelastic scattering of electrons and ions, low energy electron diffraction, scanning probe microscopy, and interfacial segregation. Crystal nucleation and growth are also considered. Principles such as adsorption, desorption and reactions between adsorbates are examined, with coverage also of new developments in the growth of epitaxial, and Langmuir-Blodgett films, as well as treatment of the etching of surfaces. Modern analytical techniques and applications to thin films and nanostructures are included. The latest in-depth research from around the world is presented.

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Book SynopsisThe history of starches and investigations of starch containing raw materials goes back many centuries, (ii) steady progress in the understanding of processing and modification processes of starches awaits further elucidation. Fortunately, the cluster model of native starch granules is now generally accepted. The remaining problems concerning physics and chemistry, biochemistry and genetics, and processing and modification of starches are dealt with annually at different conferences and symposiums by experts in various fields. The numerous questions concerning structural organisation of starch granules, their behaviour in different thermodynamic conditions (temperature, water content, pressure) during biosynthesis and in different solvents at processing of both starch and starch containing raw material deserve further study because they are not yet entirely understood.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents recent research in Chemical and Biochemical physics. Chemical physics addresses a large range of problems. An effective chemical physicist is a "jack-of-all-trades", able to apply the principles and techniques of the field to everything from high-tech materials to biology. Just as the fields of chemistry and physics have expanded, so have chemical physics subject areas, which include polymers, materials, surfaces/interfaces, and biological macromolecules, along with the traditional small molecule and condensed phase systems. Biochemical Physics is a science that joins the three natural sciences biology, chemistry and physics into one comprehensive study. N.M. Emanuel pioneered this science over fifty years ago. This book presents papers, written by Emanuel''s students, that reveal recent developments in this interesting field.

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Book SynopsisFluorine continues to intrigue chemists who overcome the challenge of handling this remarkable halogen and work to develop varied methods for synthesising fluorine compounds. The unique properties of these materials, ranging from inert perfluorocarbons and fluoropolymers to a multitude of other fascinating fluorinated compounds, firmly established their place amidst the technological achievements of the 20th Century. Fluorine substitution in biologically active compounds has become particularly significant in recent years. This book presents new and significant research in this field.

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Book SynopsisThis volume has the title CHEMISTRY AS MUSIC because both chemistry and music can be good or bad, joyful or sorrowful, fast and slow. Not everybody can play as well as Nikolo Paganini, Ferenz List, or Sergei Rakhmaninov, and similarly, not everyone can accomplish complicated organic and inorganic syntheses. In both fields, golden hands are needed (preferably combined with a brilliant mind).The editors of this new book have tried to include in this volume papers on organic synthesis, biochemical physics, chemical kinetics, physical chemistry, and chemical physics. It is the fastest-evolving science today, on the cutting edge of modern technology. The authors of the papers are some of the leading researchers in their fields from the best research centres of their countries: representatives of pure and applied chemistry.

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the chemistry and thermolysis of AP, AN, salts of nitric acid, salts of perchloric acid, polynitro compounds, NTO and salts of NTO are discussed. Thermolysis of plastic bonded explosives such as HMX, RDX, keto RDX with thermally stable polymers are also be included in the book. The last chapter of the book deals with ballistic modifiers for solid propellants.

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Book SynopsisThe role of polymer chemistry (pure and applied sciences) is very prominent in the world of science today, but it is heading away from polymers and polymer blends towards composites and nanocomposites. This allows for the creation of new materials with unique properties and new possibilities which is the subject of this book.

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Book SynopsisThe given compilation is devoted to the anniversary of Professor Gennady E Zaikov. The compilation itself has been prepared by those scientists with whom G. E. Zaikov has worked during more than half a century of his scientific career.

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Book SynopsisA porous material is a solid that is saturated by an interconnected network of pores filled with liquid or gas. It is an inorganic or organic cross linked or uncross linked containing pores of all sizes. The pore network is assumed to be continuous, forming two interpenetrating continua such as in a sponge. Examples of porous media range from porous silicon which is porous on the sub manometer scale to limestone caves and underground river systems on the kilometre scale. In this book, fractal structures are generated to model the structures of natural porous media. It also presents the fundamental theory of transient infinite elements, which can be used to effectively and efficiently simulate heat transfer and mass transport problems in fluid-saturated porous media of infinite domains, and addresses recent advances in the integrated modelling strategies of mass transfer and geo-mechanics in porous media.

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Book SynopsisThe monograph is of interest to scientists specialising in physical chemistry. The results of research of polyfunctional stabilisers from the point of view of correlation of structure, reactivity and inhibiting efficiency on the basis of general kinetic approach and modern physical, chemical and mathematical methods of identification of mechanisms of their stabilising action, both in modelling liquid-phase systems and solid polymers and their melts are analysed. The method of the comparative estimation of inhibiting properties of the polyfunctional compounds based on semiempirical correlations "structure -- properties" are considered. Aspects of chemistry of high-molecular compounds include the results of research of polymer analogous reactions of polyfunctional stabilisers with liable groups, contained in the composition of polymers at various stages of their ageing. In the final chapters of the monograph the data on ageing and stabilisation of various types of polymers (PO, PVC, heterogeneous chain polymers, rubbers, etc.) are considered, some variants of practical realisation of intramolecular and mix synergism of antioxidising action of polyfunctional stabilisers in polymers are presented. In whole, the book represents the scientific work devoted to the subject of the development of polyfunctional stabilisers, in this work some aspects of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, chemistry of high-molecular compounds, issues of ageing and stabilisation of polymers, practical forecasts for the usage of polyfunctional stabilisers are considered. The above said predetermines the importance of the monograph.

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Book SynopsisThe principal role of the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) is to investigate accidental releases of regulated or extremely hazardous substances to determine the conditions and circumstances that led to the accident and to identify the cause or causes so that similar accidents might be prevented.1 Accidental releases of these toxic and hazardous chemicals occur frequently and often have serious consequences.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents ways in which computers can be used to solve chemical problems. One approach develops synoptic algebraic scaling laws to use in place of the case-by-case numerical integrations prescribed by traditional quantum chemistry. The ONIUM hybrid method combines a quantum mechanical method with the molecular mechanical method. One study includes placing functional constraints and testing the performance of the resulting constrained functionals for several chemical properties. A review of the known approximations for the temperature integral is included. Some of the other areas of research discussed include protein coarse-grain models, a specific application of spherical harmonics, use of the FERMO concept to better explain reactions that are HOMO driven, wavelet based approaches and high resolution methods with successful application to a fixed-bed adsorption column model. There is a discussion of stability and thermodynamics, as well as kinetic properties of heterophosphetes and phosphole oxides. A model is proposed that applies methods and concepts in mathematical morphology paradigms to solve the problem of offset curves as well as a description of the solvent effects through the in silico procedures by the use of continuum and discrete models. A simulation method attempts to relate the microscopic details of a system to macroscopic properties of experimental interest. Techniques to retain the use of simple potential functions are also discussed, but with the possibility of allowing them to readjust their properties to fit the potential energy curves of the more complex functions. The Chapman-Cruzen mechanism is also studied using the ideas of the theory of dynamical systems.

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Book SynopsisThe majority of chapters in this book were written by scientists of N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics (IBChPh) of Russian Academy of Sciences. Prof. N. M. Emanuel was one of the founders of biochemical physics -- a part of natural science. This science borders on the line of physics, chemistry and biology with integration of mathematics and with practical applications in medicine and agriculture. The book is devoted to these topics. The time has come to show the scientific community world-wide what Russian scientists have recently done in this area. Six chapters of this volume have information about hydrogels in endovascular embolisation. Special attention devoted to synthesis and properties of spherical particles (SP) of hydrogels and their medico-biological properties, clinical use of SP, radiopaque SP and their preparation and properties, morphological foundation of hydrogels use for vascular occlusion, antitumor agents methotrexate-containing poly(HEMA)-hydrogels and poly(HEMA) with intensified haemostatic activity as a new embolic materials. The volume has very important information about pharmacological premises of the creation of new antitumor preparations of the class of nitrosoalkylurea and investigation of new mechanism of E.coli resistance to alkylation damages induced by NO-donation agent -- a "Quasi-adaptive response". It also includes information about biological activity of different enzymes in process of oxidation in vivo and in vitro, investigation of the properties of lipids in plants and in animals. Some chapters deal with pharmacological criterions for new antitumor drugs, using of Tocopherols as bioantioxidants in vitro and in vivo, creation of new equipment for chemical engineering, investigation of enzyme reactions, thermodegradation and combustion of polymers and polymer composites, formation of char during of combustion, molecular design and reactivity of some chemical compounds, problems of pethrochemistry, preparation and modification of microparticles, investigation of antioxidants in food products, chemistry of rubber and formation of carbon nanostructures. Several chapters include very important information about application of electron spin resonance techniques for investigation of chemical and biochemical reactions.

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Book SynopsisHeterocyclic compounds are organic compounds containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulphur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure. These structures may comprise either simple aromatic rings or non-aromatic rings. Some examples are pyridine (C5H5N), pyrimidine (C4H4N2) and dioxane (C4H8O2). Many heterocyclic compounds, including some amines, are carcinogenic. This book details the proposed mechanisms of Gewald-like reactions and the wide scope of substituted 2-aminothiophenes for real life applications. Literary information about synthesis methods, structure, physical-chemical and biological properties is summarised, and also information about conversion of adamantyl-1 and adamantyl-2 imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives is given. In addition, 3-acetylindole derivatives have been in the centre of attention of researchers over many years due to the high practical value of these compounds. This book presents a survey of the literature on 3-acetylindoles chemistry and provides useful and up-to-date data for medicinal chemists.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original research results on the leading edge of chemistry research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum.

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Book SynopsisWeathering involves important processes that alter the original structure, texture and chemical components of a granitic rock. The changes in mineralogical and chemicals properties of the rocks as a result of weathering can be studied by means of a number of chemical and petrographic techniques. This paper evaluates some chemical indexes as indicators of the weathering state of granites used in ashlars and to establish the correlation between these indices and the index physical properties of the rocks such as rock density and porosity. Additionally, numerical modeling of mineral deposition from hydrothermal solutions and fluid-rock interaction is used to outline the main regularities of the formation of hydrothermal veins and related metasomatic alteration of wall rocks. This book examines the conditions of fluid flow evolution and geological environment during hydrothermal system activity derived from the data on mineral assemblages in the veins and altered rocks. Furthermore, this book focuses on the tectonic and geological settings, analytical methods, petrographical characteristics, geochemical features, mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the volcanic rocks in the Central Anatolia. Other chapters explain the hydraulic evolution of Tinos, Panormos Bay ore fluid associated with Au-Ag-Te mineralisation and the biological and ecological aspects of the littoral system, composed by bedrock, boulders and cobbles. Furthermore, two types of degradation processes that are affecting some pictographs have been discovered and are described in this book. The information obtained is fundamental to undertake appropriately the conservation of these fragile works of art.

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Book SynopsisIn the last 10 to 15 years the discovery of catalytic cycloalumination, cyclomagnesiation, and ethylmagnesiation reactions of olefins, dienes and allenes with the aid of alkyl and halogen alkyl Al and Mg derivatives under the action of Ti, Zr and Co complexes to obtain new classes of cyclic and acyclic organometallics namely aluminacyclopropanes, aluminacyclopropenes, aluminacyclopentanes, aluminacyclopent-2-enes, aluminacyclopenta-2,4-dienes, magnesacyclopentanes, magnesacyclopent-2-enes, and magnesacyclopenta-2,4-dienes are among the sound achievements in the field of organic and organometallic synthesis. These reactions are considered in the world scientific literature as Dzhemilev reactions. The monograph covers the data concerned the revealed first by Professor Dzhemilev phenomenon of catalytic replacement of transition metal atoms in metallacarbocycles by non-transition metal atoms to afford the said classes of organometallic compounds (OMC) and also the history of this discovery. Modern concepts and outlooks on mechanism of these reactions as well as the structure of the key intermediates responsible for the formation of target OMC are considered.

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Book SynopsisThe goal of this book is to describe basic approaches to modelling non-isothermal interaction kinetics during CS of advanced materials and reveal the existing controversies and apparent contradictions between different theories, on one hand, and between theory and experimental data, on the other hand, and to develop criteria for a transition from traditional solid-state diffusion-controlled phase formation kinetics (a "slow", quasi-equilibrium interaction pathway) to non-equilibrium, "fast" dissolution-precipitation route.

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together the theoretical, mathematical, quantum and computational methodologies of approaching structural, bonding and reactivity characterisations of the chemical systems.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original research results on the leading edge of chemistry research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed include the properties and applications of sulphur dioxide in the mineral process industry; cavitational reactors and the Fenton chemistry process; dioxin and diabetes; ytterbium nanoparticles; chemoinformatics in applied chemistry and petrochemical derivatives and uses.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original research results on the leading edge of chemistry research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed include the chemical bonding of hydrides; transport properties and their impact on biological systems; process analysis for gas-solid fluidization; recovery of niobium as a by-product from effluent solutions; zirconia and alumina supports for nickel-based catalysts for hydrogen production and the deuterium effect on the photosensitised biomolecules damage via singlet oxygen generation.

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