Chemistry Books
Oxford University Press Inorganic Chemistry
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£115.84
Harvard University Press Why Free Will Is Real
Book SynopsisMany scientists and scientifically-minded commentators are skeptical that free will exists. In clear, scientifically rigorous terms, Christian List explains that free will is like other real phenomena that emerge from physical processes but are autonomous from them—like an ecosystem or the economy—and are indispensable for explaining our world.Trade ReviewIn Why Free Will Is Real, List does as advertised, advancing a novel, intriguing view of free will and making a thoughtful case for the thesis that free will, as he conceives of it, is real. This book is a pleasure to read. -- Alfred Mele, Florida State UniversityAn original and challenging new contribution to contemporary debates about free will. After making a compelling case for the irreducibility of different explanatory levels of reality, Christian List argues that free will requires indeterminism at the psychological level of explanation, but not at the physical level, where it is compatible with determinism. His arguments in support of these claims address a host of potential objections and include insightful appeals to new developments in the logic of agency and branching time, among other novel arguments. -- Robert H. Kane, The University of Texas at AustinMany philosophers have suggested that we may be causally determined at the neurophysiological level, but not at the psychological. List is the first to work out a detailed proposal of how this might work, and of how it can underpin an account of free will. Developing ideas from theories of causation and of counterfactuals, it provides an incisive and accessible introduction to contemporary thinking about how we might be free in a causally-determined world. -- Richard Holton, University of CambridgeAccessible, clear and convincing…List’s carefully crafted argument may help many of us sleep more soundly, being further assured that we can choose how to live our own lives. -- Ellie Lasater-Guttman * LSE Review of Books *List argues that free will is not explained away through science by looking at the activity in our brain…A wonderful defense of free will accessibly written for readers new to the topic. * Library Journal *Well argued and admirably sets out the challenges to free will that, when coupled with its clarity, make it an excellent gateway into the contemporary free will debate. -- Logan B. Weir * Review of Metaphysics *A fresh defense of the existence of free will against those of its skeptics who claim that free will has no place within a scientifically respectable worldview…There’s much to admire and recommend in List’s book. It’s pithy, clear, and well-organized while managing to provide highly original and thought-provoking arguments. -- James Goodrich * Journal of Moral Philosophy *Highly original…List defends the claim that we have libertarian free will in a new and important way. -- Derk Pereboom * Criminal Law and Philosophy *
£21.56
Oxford University Press Oxford Revise A Level Chemistry for OCR A
Book SynopsisPlease note this book is suitable for any student studying:Exam board: OCRLevel: A LevelSubject: Chemistry AFirst teaching: 2015; first exams: 2017Oxford Revise is a fresh, evidence-based approach to studying; created by the teacher-trusted Oxford Science author team and informed by the latest research into the best ways to make learning stick, it organises content in the most effective way for successful learning, ideal for independent study throughout the school year and in the lead-up to exams. Based on principles of cognitive science, the simple three-step Knowledge, Retrieval, and Practice approach helps students to organise information and commit it to long-term memory, improve retention and recall, and apply knowledge successfully with extensive exam-style practice. It''s everything students need to study effectively and fully prepare for their exams, in one convenient book. Each paperback purchased includes free access to an ebook version of the title. Details on how to access
£17.99
Hodder Education Pearson Edexcel A Level Chemistry (Year 1 and
Book SynopsisDevelop and assess your students' knowledge and skills throughout A level with worked examples, practical assessment guidance and differentiated end of topic questions in this updated, all-in-one textbook for Years 1 and 2. Combining everything your students need to know for the Pearson Edexcel A level Chemistry specification, this revised textbook will:- Identify the level of your students' understanding with diagnostic questions and a summary of prior knowledge at the start of the Student Book.- Provide support for all 16 required practicals with various activities and questions, along with a 'Practical' chapter covering procedural understanding and key ideas related to measurement.- Improve mathematical skills with plenty of worked examples, including notes on methods to help explain the strategies for solving each type of problem.- Offer plenty of practice with 'Test yourself' questions to help students assess their understanding and measure progress.- Encourage further reading and study with short passages of extension material.- Develop understanding with free online access to 'Test yourself' answers and an extended glossary.
£46.00
Royal Society of Chemistry RSC Periodic Table Wallchart, 2A0
Book SynopsisThe periodic table from the Royal Society of Chemistry has been updated for 2017, and now includes the four new elements, completing the seventh period. Our periodic table poster is two-sided. On one side, a bold colour-coded version, emphasising readability and clarity; on the other, a Visual Elements version, with fascinating element artwork by Murray Robertson. A collaborative project between the artist and the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Visual Elements periodic table aims to produce a vibrant representation of the elements, not simply by rendering images of their physical appearance but also by investigating the manner in which they affect our daily lives in largely unseen and often unexpected ways. Printed in full colour, the wallchart measures 2A0 (1682 x 1189 mm, 66.2 x 46.8 inches). Information for each element includes the name, chemical symbol, atomic number, and relative atomic mass. The groups are readily identifiable by colour. We’ve designed the wallchart to be readable, visually engaging, and an excellent addition to any classroom, laboratory, or office. Price shown does not include VAT. A0 version is also available at http://www.rsc.org/shop/books/2017/9781788011938.asp
£34.19
Bright Red Publishing BrightRED Study Guide National 5 Chemistry: New
Book SynopsisThis Study Guide has been completely revised to reflect the 2017 SQA course changes. The National 5 Chemistry course allows you to develop a wide range of life and scientific skills that will equip you for a future of changing challenges. The structure of this National 5 Study Guide from Bright Red Publishing provides opportunities to extend your chemistry-focused skills while helping you develop an understanding of chemistry's role in the scientific issues that affect society. At the end of the course you will be assessed externally by two components: the Question Paper and the Assignment. You will also be assessed internally by your teachers. The aim of this book is to help you achieve success in your assessments by proving consise coverage of all key areas of the course. Extra material, tests and videos on free the BrightRED Digital Zone will further boost your revision so make sure to register your details there.Trade ReviewTwenty-nine 5* reviews on Amazon.co.uk: "Perfect guide to Nat 5 Chemistry. Well thought out and easy to use. Valuable as a revision guide or a handbook throughout the course. My daughter uses it from the start of S3 & my son also, as he’s crashing Higher Chemistry"; "Concise, good revision aid".Table of ContentsChemical Changes and Structure, Nature’s Chemistry, Chemistry in Society, Skills, Glossary
£14.99
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Chemistry Education: Best Practices,
Book SynopsisWinner of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title 2017 AwardThis comprehensive collection of top-level contributions provides a thorough review of the vibrant field of chemistry education. Highly-experienced chemistry professors and education experts cover the latest developments in chemistry learning and teaching, as well as the pivotal role of chemistry for shaping a more sustainable future. Adopting a practice-oriented approach, the current challenges and opportunities posed by chemistry education are critically discussed, highlighting the pitfalls that can occur in teaching chemistry and how to circumvent them. The main topics discussed include best practices, project-based education, blended learning and the role of technology, including e-learning, and science visualization. Hands-on recommendations on how to optimally implement innovative strategies of teaching chemistry at university and high-school levels make this book an essential resource for anybody interested in either teaching or learning chemistry more effectively, from experience chemistry professors to secondary school teachers, from educators with no formal training in didactics to frustrated chemistry students.Trade Review“I have been ready for the revolution since about grade six. If you are too, then get a copy of Chemistry education and share it with your colleagues.” (Chemistry in Australia, 1 October 2015)"The book is an indispensable resource for high school through graduate school chemistry educators and chemistry education students." (Choice, May 2016) Table of ContentsForeword XXI Preface XXV List of Contributors XXXIII Part I: Chemistry Education: A Global Endeavour 1 1 Chemistry Education and Human Activity 3Peter Mahaffy 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Chemistry Education and Human Activity 3 1.3 A Visual Metaphor: Tetrahedral Chemistry Education 4 1.4 Three Emphases on Human Activity in Chemistry Education 5 Acknowledgments 23 References 24 2 Chemistry Education That Makes Connections: Our Responsibilities 27Cathy Middlecamp 2.1 What This Chapter Is About 27 2.2 Story #1: Does This Plane Have Wings? 28 2.3 Story #2: Coaching Students to “See” the Invisible 30 2.4 Story #3: Designing Super-Learning Environments for Our Students 34 2.5 Story #4: Connections to Public Health (Matthew Fisher) 37 2.6 Story #5: Green Chemistry Connections (Richard Sheardy) 39 2.7 Story #6: Connections to Cardboard (Garon Smith) 41 2.8 Story #7:Wisdom from the Bike Trail 44 2.9 Conclusion: The Responsibility to “Connect the Dots” 46 References 48 3 The Connection between the Local Chemistry Curriculum and Chemistry Terms in the Global News: The Glocalization Perspective 51Mei-Hung Chiu and Chin-Cheng Chou 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Understanding Scientific Literacy 52 3.3 Introduction of Teaching Keywords-Based Recommendation System 55 3.4 Method 56 3.5 Results 57 3.6 Concluding Remarks and Discussion 65 3.7 Implications for Chemistry Education 68 Acknowledgment 70 References 70 4 Changing Perspectives on the Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum 73Martin J. Goedhart 4.1 The Traditional Undergraduate Curriculum 73 4.2 A Call for Innovation 74 4.3 Implementation of New Teaching Methods 78 4.4 A Competency-Based Undergraduate Curriculum 83 4.5 Conclusions and Outlook 92 References 93 5 Empowering Chemistry Teachers’ Learning: Practices and New Challenges 99Jan H. van Driel and Onno de Jong 5.1 Introduction 99 5.2 Chemistry Teachers’ Professional Knowledge Base 102 5.3 Empowering Chemistry Teachers to Teach Challenging Issues 107 5.4 New Challenges and Opportunities to Empower Chemistry Teachers’ Learning 113 5.5 Final Conclusions and Future Trends 116 References 118 6 Lifelong Learning: Approaches to Increasing the Understanding of Chemistry by Everybody 123John K. Gilbert and Ana Sofia Afonso 6.1 The Permanent Significance of Chemistry 123 6.2 Providing Opportunities for the Lifelong Learning of Chemistry 123 6.3 The Content and Presentation of Ideas for Lifelong Chemical Education 129 6.4 Pedagogy to Support Lifelong Learning 131 6.5 Criteria for the Selection of Media for Lifelong Chemical Education 133 6.6 Science Museums and Science Centers 133 6.7 Print Media: Newspapers and Magazines 134 6.8 Print Media: Popular Books 135 6.9 Printed Media: Cartoons, Comics, and Graphic Novels 136 6.10 Radio and Television 140 6.11 Digital Environments 141 6.12 Citizen Science 143 6.13 An Overview: Bringing About Better Opportunities for Lifelong Chemical Education 144 References 146 Part II: Best Practices and Innovative Strategies 149 7 Using Chemistry Education Research to Inform Teaching Strategies and Design of Instructional Materials 151Renée Cole 7.1 Introduction 151 7.2 Research into Student Learning 153 7.3 Connecting Research to Practice 154 7.4 Research-Based Teaching Practice 165 7.5 Implementation 171 7.6 Continuing the Cycle 172 References 174 8 Research on Problem Solving in Chemistry 181George M. Bodner 8.1 Why Do Research on Problem Solving? 181 8.2 Results of Early Research on Problem Solving in General Chemistry 184 8.3 What About Organic Chemistry 186 8.4 The “Problem-Solving Mindset” 192 8.5 An Anarchistic Model of Problem Solving 193 8.6 Conclusion 199 References 200 9 Do Real Work, Not Homework 203Brian P Coppola 9.1 Thinking About Real Work 203 9.2 Attributes of Real Work 209 9.3 Learning from Real Work 239 9.4 Conclusions 245 Acknowledgments 247 References 247 10 Context-Based Teaching and Learning on School and University Level 259Ilka Parchmann, Karolina Broman, Maike Busker, and Julian Rudnik 10.1 Introduction 259 10.2 Theoretical and Empirical Background for Context-Based Learning 260 10.3 Context-Based Learning in School: A Long Tradition with Still Long Ways to Go 261 10.4 Further Insights Needed: An On-Going Empirical Study on the Design and Effects of Learning from Context-Based Tasks 263 10.5 Context-Based Learning on University Level: Goals and Approaches 269 10.6 Conclusions and Outlook 275 References 276 11 Active Learning Pedagogies for the Future of Global Chemistry Education 279Judith C. Poë 11.1 Problem-Based Learning 280 11.2 Service-Learning 290 11.3 Active Learning Pedagogies 296 11.4 Conclusions and Outlook 297 References 297 12 Inquiry-Based Student-Centered Instruction 301Ram S. Lamba 12.1 Introduction 301 12.2 Inquiry-Based Instruction 303 12.3 The Learning Cycle and the Inquiry-Based Model for Teaching and Learning 304 12.4 Information Processing Model 308 12.5 Possible Solution 308 12.6 Guided Inquiry Experiments for General Chemistry: Practical Problems and Applications Manual 310 12.7 Assessment of the Guided-Inquiry-Based Laboratories 314 12.8 Conclusions 316 References 317 13 Flipping the Chemistry Classroom with Peer Instruction 319Julie Schell and Eric Mazur 13.1 Introduction 319 13.2 What Is the Flipped Classroom? 320 13.3 How to Flip the Chemistry Classroom 325 13.4 Flipping Your Classroom with Peer Instruction 329 13.5 Responding to Criticisms of the Flipped Classroom 339 13.6 Conclusion: The Future of Education 341 Acknowledgments 341 References 341 14 Innovative Community-Engaged Learning Projects: From Chemical Reactions to Community Interactions 345Claire McDonnell 14.1 The Vocabulary of Community-Engaged Learning Projects 345 14.2 CBL and CBR in Chemistry 349 14.3 Benefits Associated with the Adoption of Community-Engaged Learning 353 14.4 Barriers and Potential Issues When Implementing Community-Engaged Learning 360 14.5 Current and Future Trends 364 14.6 Conclusion 366 References 367 15 The Role of Conceptual Integration in Understanding and Learning Chemistry 375Keith S. Taber 15.1 Concepts, Coherence, and Conceptual Integration 375 15.2 Conceptual Integration and Coherence in Science 381 15.3 Conceptual Integration in Learning 385 15.4 Conclusions and Implications 390 References 392 16 Learners Ideas, Misconceptions, and Challenge 395Hans-Dieter Barke 16.1 Preconcepts and School-Made Misconceptions 395 16.2 Preconcepts of Children and Challenge 396 16.3 School-Made Misconceptions and Challenge 396 16.4 Best Practice to Challenge Misconceptions 415 16.5 Conclusion 419 References 419 17 The Role of Language in the Teaching and Learning of Chemistry 421Peter E. Childs, Silvija Markic, and Marie C. Ryan 17.1 Introduction 421 17.2 The History and Development of Chemical Language 423 17.3 The Role of Language in Science Education 428 17.4 Problems with Language in the Teaching and Learning of Chemistry 430 17.5 Language Issues in Dealing with Diversity 437 17.6 Summary and Conclusions 441 References 442 Further Reading 445 18 Using the Cognitive Conflict Strategy with Classroom Chemistry Demonstrations 447Robert (Bob) Bucat 18.1 Introduction 447 18.2 What Is the Cognitive Conflict Teaching Strategy? 448 18.3 Some Examples of Situations with Potential to Induce Cognitive Conflict 449 18.4 Origins of the Cognitive Conflict Teaching Strategy 451 18.5 Some Issues Arising from A Priori Consideration 453 18.6 A Particular Research Study 455 18.7 The Logic Processes of Cognitive Conflict Recognition and Resolution 459 18.8 Selected Messages from the Research Literature 461 18.9 A Personal Anecdote 465 18.10 Conclusion 466 References 467 19 Chemistry Education for Gifted Learners 469Manabu Sumida and Atsushi Ohashi 19.1 The Gap between Students’ Images of Chemistry and Research Trends in Chemistry 469 19.2 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry from 1901 to 2012: The Distribution and Movement of Intelligence 470 19.3 Identification of Gifted Students in Chemistry 472 19.4 Curriculum Development and Implementation of Chemistry Education for the Gifted 477 19.5 Conclusions 484 References 486 20 Experimental Experience Through Project-Based Learning 489Jens Josephsen and Søren Hvidt 20.1 Teaching Experimental Experience 489 20.2 Instruction Styles 492 20.3 Developments in Teaching 494 20.4 New Insight and Implementation 498 20.5 The Chemistry Point of View Revisited 511 20.6 Project-Based Learning 512 References 514 21 The Development of High-Order Learning Skills in High School Chemistry Laboratory: “Skills for Life” 517Avi Hofstein 21.1 Introduction: The Chemistry Laboratory in High School Setting 517 21.2 The Development of High-Order Learning Skills in the Chemistry Laboratory 519 21.3 From Theory to Practice: How Are Chemistry Laboratories Used? 522 21.4 Emerging High-Order Learning Skills in the Chemistry Laboratory 523 21.5 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations 532 References 535 22 Chemistry Education Through Microscale Experiments 539Beverly Bell, John D. Bradley, and Erica Steenberg 22.1 Experimentation at the Heart of Chemistry and Chemistry Education 539 22.2 Aims of Practical Work 540 22.3 Achieving the Aims 540 22.4 Microscale Chemistry Practical Work – “The Trend from Macro Is Now Established” 541 22.5 Case Study I: Does Scale Matter? Study of a First-Year University Laboratory Class 542 22.6 Case Study II: Can Microscale Experimentation Be Used Successfully by All? 543 22.7 Case Study III: Can Quantitative Practical Skills Be Learned with Microscale Equipment? 544 22.8 Case Study IV: Can Microscale Experimentation Help Learning the Scientific Approach? 554 22.9 Case Study V: Can Microscale Experimentation Help to Achieve the Aims of Practical Work for All? 555 22.10 Conclusions 559 References 559 Part III: The Role of New Technologies 563 23 Twenty-First Century Skills: Using theWeb in Chemistry Education 565Jan Apotheker and Ingeborg Veldman 23.1 Introduction 565 23.2 How Can These New Developments Be Used in Education? 567 23.3 MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) 572 23.4 Learning Platforms 574 23.5 Online Texts versus Hard Copy Texts 575 23.6 Learning Platforms/Virtual Learning Environment 577 23.7 The Use of Augmented Reality in (In)Formal Learning 579 23.8 The Development of Mighty/Machtig 580 23.9 The Evolution of MIGHT-y 580 23.10 Game Play 581 23.11 Added Reality and Level of Immersion 582 23.12 Other Developments 586 23.13 Molecular City in the Classroom 587 23.14 Conclusion 593 References 593 24 Design of Dynamic Visualizations to Enhance Conceptual Understanding in Chemistry Courses 595Jerry P. Suits 24.1 Introduction 595 24.2 Advances in Visualization Technology 598 24.3 Dynamic Visualizations and Student’s Mental Model 603 24.4 Simple or Realistic Molecular Animations? 607 24.5 Continuous or Segmented Animations? 608 24.6 Individual Differences and Visualizations 609 24.7 Simulations: Interactive, Dynamic Visualizations 611 24.8 Conclusions and Implications 615 Acknowledgments 616 References 616 25 Chemistry Apps on Smartphones and Tablets 621Ling Huang 25.1 Introduction 621 25.2 Operating Systems and Hardware 625 25.3 Chemistry Apps in Teaching and Learning 626 25.4 Challenges and Opportunities in Chemistry Apps for Chemistry Education 646 25.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective 647 References 649 26 E-Learning and Blended Learning in Chemistry Education 651Michael K. Seery and Christine O’Connor 26.1 Introduction 651 26.2 Building a Blended Learning Curriculum 652 26.3 Cognitive Load Theory in Instructional Design 654 26.4 Examples from Practice 655 26.5 Conclusion: Integrating Technology Enhanced Learning into the Curriculum 665 References 666 27 Wiki Technologies and Communities: New Approaches to Assessing Individual and Collaborative Learning in the Chemistry Laboratory 671Gwendolyn Lawrie and Lisbeth Grøndahl 27.1 Introduction 671 27.2 Shifting Assessment Practices in Chemistry Laboratory Learning 672 27.3 Theoretical and Learning Design Perspectives Related to Technology-Enhanced Learning Environments 675 27.4 Wiki Learning Environments as an Assessment Platform for Students’ Communication of Their Inquiry Laboratory Outcomes 678 27.5 Practical Examples of the Application of Wikis to Enhance Laboratory Learning Outcomes 681 27.6 Emerging Uses of Wikis in Lab Learning Based on Web 2.0 Analytics And Their Potential to Enhance Lab Learning 684 27.7 Conclusion 688 References 689 28 New Tools and Challenges for Chemical Education: Mobile Learning, Augmented Reality, and Distributed Cognition in the Dawn of the Social and Semantic Web 693Harry E. Pence, Antony J.Williams, and Robert E. Belford 28.1 Introduction 693 28.2 The Semantic Web and the Social Semantic Web 694 28.3 Mobile Devices in Chemical Education 702 28.4 Smartphone Applications for Chemistry 706 28.5 Teaching Chemistry in a Virtual and Augmented Space 708 28.6 The Role of the Social Web 717 28.7 Distributed Cognition, Cognitive Artifacts, and the Second Digital Divide 721 28.8 The Future of Chemical Education 726 References 729 Index 735
£999.99
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry
Book SynopsisAn accessible and step-by-step exploration of organic reaction mechanisms In Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, eminent researcher Dr. Metin Balci delivers an excellent textbook for understanding organic reaction mechanisms. The book offers a way for undergraduate and graduate students to understand???rather than memorize???the principles of reaction mechanisms. It includes the most important reaction types, including substitution, elimination, addition, pericyclic, and C-C coupling reactions. Each chapter contains problems and accompanying solutions that cover central concepts in organic chemistry. Students will learn to understand the foundational nature of ideas like Lewis acids and bases, electron density, the mesomeric effect, and the inductive effect via the use of detailed examples and an expansive discussion of the concept of hybridization. Along with sections covering aromaticity and the chemistry of intermediates, the book includes: A thorough introduction to basic concepts in organic reactions, including covalent bonding, hybridization, electrophiles and nucleophiles, and inductive and mesomeric effects Comprehensive explorations of nucleophilic substitution reactions, including optical activity and stereochemistry of SN2 reactions Practical discussions of elimination reactions, including halogene elimination and Hofmann elimination In-depth examinations of addition reactions, including the addition of water to alkenes and the epoxidation of alkenes Perfect for students of chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacy, Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry will also earn a place in the libraries of researchers and lecturers in these fields seeking a one-stop resource on organic reaction mechanisms.Table of ContentsPreface xv About the Author xvii Abbreviations xix 1 Basic Concepts 1 1.1 Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms 1 1.2 Covalent Bonding and Hybridization 2 1.2.1 sp3-Hybridization of Carbon 4 1.2.2 sp2-Hybridization of Carbon 7 1.2.3 sp-Hybridization of Carbon 10 1.2.4 Bond Lengths 12 1.3 Electrophiles and Nucleophiles 13 1.3.1 Electrophiles (Electrophilic Compounds) 14 1.3.2 Nucleophiles (Nucleophilic Compounds) 15 1.4 Inductive and Mesomeric Effects 15 1.4.1 Inductive Effect 15 1.4.2 Mesomeric Effect (Resonance Structures) 18 1.5 Formal Charge and Oxidation Number 24 1.5.1 Formal Charge 24 1.5.2 Oxidation Number 25 1.6 Acids and Bases 28 1.6.1 Arrhenius Acid–Base Theory 29 1.6.2 Brønsted–Lowry Acid–Base Theory 29 1.6.3 Lewis Acid–Base Theory 30 1.6.4 Pearson Hard and Soft Acid–Base Theory 32 1.6.4.1 Hard Acids and Bases 32 1.6.4.2 Soft Acids and Bases 33 1.6.5 pKa Values of Acids 34 1.6.5.1 Factors Affecting the Acidity Strength of Organic Compounds 35 1.6.6 pKb Values of Bases 38 1.6.7 Factors Affecting the Strengths of Bases in Nitrogen-Containing Compounds 38 1.6.8 Heterocyclic Bases 40 1.7 Reaction Kinetics and Energy Diagrams 41 1.7.1 Thermodynamic vs. Kinetic Control of Reactions 43 1.7.2 Reaction rate 44 Problems 46 References 48 2 Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction 50 2.1 Types of Chemical Reactions 50 2.1.1 Polar Reactions 50 2.1.2 Radical Reactions 50 2.1.3 Pericyclic Reactions 50 2.1.3.1 Relationship Between Nucleophilicity and Basicity 51 2.1.3.2 Leaving Group 54 2.2 Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions, SN1 55 2.2.1 Stereochemistry in SN1 Reactions 58 2.2.2 Optical Activity 59 2.2.3 Other Factors Affecting SN1 Reactions: Steric Factors 61 2.3 Bimolecular Substitution Reactions, SN2 62 2.3.1 Stereochemistry of SN2 Reactions 64 2.3.2 Factors Affecting the SN2 Reaction Mechanism 66 2.3.2.1 The Structure of the Substrate 66 2.3.2.2 Solvent Effect 68 2.3.2.3 Leaving Group Effect 69 2.3.2.4 Structure of the Nucleophile 70 2.3.3 Nucleophilic Substitution in Allylic Systems: Allylic Rearrangement 71 2.3.3.1 Stereochemistry in Allylic Substitution Reactions 73 2.3.4 Internal Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction, SNi 74 2.3.5 Neighboring Group Participation in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 75 2.3.5.1 Reaction Rate 76 2.3.5.2 Configuration Retention 77 2.3.5.3 Molecular Rearrangement 78 2.3.6 Ambident Nucleophiles 78 2.3.7 Various Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 80 2.3.7.1 Williamson Ether Synthesis 80 2.3.7.2 Ether Cleavage 81 2.3.7.3 Reactions of Epoxides 82 2.3.7.4 Substitution in Unsaturated Systems 83 Problems 83 References 85 3 Elimination Reactions 87 3.1 Unimolecular Elimination Reactions, E1 88 3.1.1 E1 Reaction Mechanism 88 3.1.1.1 Dehydration of Alcohols 91 3.1.2 Factors Affecting the Ratio of E1 and SN1 92 3.2 Bimolecular Elimination Reactions, E2 94 3.2.1 Kinetic Isotope Effect 98 3.2.2 Stereochemistry in E2 Elimination Reactions 98 3.2.2.1 Erythro- and Threo-Configurations 100 3.2.3 E2 Elimination in the Cyclohexane System 105 3.2.3.1 Conformation and Configuration in Cyclohexane 105 3.2.3.2 syn-Elimination (cis-Elimination) 112 3.3 Unimolecular Conjugate Base Elimination, E1cb 112 3.4 Elimination Reaction in Synthesis 114 3.4.1 Halogen Elimination 114 3.4.2 Hofmann Elimination: Quaternary Ammonium Salts 116 3.4.3 Pyrolytic Elimination: Intramolecular cis-Elimination Reactions 119 3.4.4 Elimination at the Bridgehead: Bredt’s Rule 123 3.4.5 Grob Fragmentation 126 Problems 129 References 131 4 Addition Reactions to Alkenes 133 4.1 Halogen Addition to Alkenes: Halogenation 133 4.1.1 Stereochemistry of Halogen Addition 136 4.2 Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes: Markovnikov’s Rule 138 4.2.1 Anti-Markovnikov Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes 141 4.3 Addition of Water and Alcohols to Alkenes 143 4.3.1 Hydration 143 4.3.2 Alkoxylation 144 4.3.3 Formation of Halohydrins 145 4.4 Hydration Alkenes: Oxymercuration and Demercuration 146 4.5 Hydroboration of Alkenes: anti-Markovnikov Hydration 148 4.6 Oxidation of Alkenes 152 4.6.1 Epoxidation 152 4.6.2 Dioxirane 156 4.6.3 Epoxide Ring-Opening Reactions 157 4.6.4 Vicinal cis-Dihydroxylation 159 4.6.5 Dihydroxylation via PIFA 161 4.6.6 Enzymatic Dihydroxylation 162 4.6.7 Ozonolysis: Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes 162 4.7 Reduction of Alkenes 165 4.7.1 Heterogeneous Catalytic Reduction 166 4.7.2 Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction 168 4.8 Addition to Conjugated Dienes 171 Problems 176 References 177 5 Carbonyl Compounds 181 5.1 Reactivity of the Carbonyl Group 181 5.1.1 Structure–Reactivity Relationships 183 5.2 Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds: Addition Reactions 186 5.2.1 Hydration: Addition ofWater to Carbonyl Groups 187 5.2.2 Hemiacetal Formation: Addition of Alcohols to Carbonyl Groups 190 5.2.2.1 Cyclic Acetals and Their Synthetic Application 191 5.2.2.2 What is the Protecting Group? 192 5.2.2.3 Protection of Diols 193 5.2.2.4 Formation of Thioacetals and Their Synthetic Application 193 5.2.2.5 Umpolung: Polarity Inversion of the Aldehyde Carbonyl Group 195 5.2.3 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines 196 5.2.3.1 Oximes 199 5.2.3.2 Hydrazones 199 5.3 Reduction of Carbonyl Groups 200 5.3.1 Wolff−Kishner Reduction (Under Basic Conditions) 200 5.3.2 Clemmensen Reduction (Under Acidic Conditions) 201 5.3.3 Metal Hydride Reduction of the Carbonyl Groups 201 5.3.3.1 Diisobutyl Aluminum Hydride (DIBAL) Reduction 203 5.3.3.2 Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) Reduction 203 5.3.3.3 Reduction of Carboxylic Acids 205 5.3.3.4 Meerwein−Ponndorf−Verley Reduction and Oppenauer Oxidation 209 5.4 Reaction of Carbonyl Groups with Organometallic Compounds 210 5.4.1 Grignard Reagents 210 5.4.2 Reactions with Active Hydrogen-Containing Compounds 213 5.4.3 Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds 213 5.4.4 Stereochemistry 214 5.4.5 Reaction with Esters 215 5.4.6 Reactions with Different Functional Groups 215 5.5 Reaction of Carbonyl Groups with Ylides 218 5.5.1 Phosphonium Ylides and Wittig Reactions 219 5.5.2 Reaction Mechanism 219 5.5.3 Stable Ylides 220 5.5.4 Unstable Ylides 220 5.5.5 Wittig–Schlosser Reaction 221 5.5.6 Wittig–Horner Reaction 222 5.5.7 Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Reaction (HWE Reaction) 223 5.5.8 Sulfur Ylides 224 5.5.9 Julia Olefination 226 5.5.10 Peterson Olefination 227 5.6 Reactivity of α-Carbon Atoms 228 5.6.1 Acidity of α-Hydrogens 228 5.6.2 Keto–Enol Tautomerism 229 5.6.3 Acid-Catalyzed Enolization 232 5.6.4 Base-Catalyzed Enolization 233 5.6.5 Kinetic and Thermodynamic Enolates 234 5.6.6 Enol and Enolate Reactions 235 5.6.6.1 Racemization of Chiral Ketones, α-Epimerization 235 5.6.6.2 α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones 237 5.6.7 α-Alkylation of Carbonyl Compounds 241 5.6.7.1 Stork Enamine Reaction 243 5.6.7.2 Enolates Derived from 1, 3-Dicarbonyl Compounds 245 5.6.7.3 Enolates, Ambident Nucleophiles: C vs. O Alkylation 249 5.7 Condensation Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds 251 5.7.1 Aldol Condensation 252 5.7.2 Crossed Aldol Condensation 254 5.7.3 Robinson Annulation 256 5.7.4 Claisen Ester Condensation 257 5.7.5 Crossed Claisen Ester Condensation 259 5.7.6 Dieckmann Condensation 260 5.7.7 Knoevenagel Condensation 261 5.7.8 Perkin Condensation 264 5.7.9 Stobbe Condensation 265 5.7.10 Role of Condensation Reactions in Synthetic Chemistry 266 5.8 Ester Hydrolysis Reactions 268 5.8.1 Ester Hydrolysis 269 5.8.2 Ester Hydrolysis under Basic Conditions 270 5.8.3 BAL2 Mechanism 271 5.8.4 Ester Hydrolysis under Acidic Conditions 272 5.8.5 Asymmetric Ester Hydrolysis 273 5.8.6 Transesterification 273 Problems 275 References 278 6 Aromaticity 281 6.1 Aromatic Compounds 281 6.1.1 Discovery and Structure of Benzene 281 6.1.2 Aromatic, Antiaromatic, and Nonaromatic Compounds 284 6.1.2.1 Aromatic Compounds 284 6.1.2.2 Antiaromatic Compounds 285 6.1.2.3 Nonaromatic Compounds 286 6.1.3 Determination of the Molecular Orbitals of Aromatic Compounds 287 6.1.4 What Are the Criteria for Aromaticity? How Does One Quantify Aromaticity? 288 6.1.4.1 Thermodynamic and Aromatic Resonance Stabilization Energy 288 6.1.4.2 Structural Evidence for Aromaticity 289 6.1.4.3 Magnetic Evidence for Aromaticity 289 6.1.5 Homoaromaticity 291 6.1.6 Möbius Aromaticity 293 6.2 Aromatic Ions 294 6.3 Annulenes 303 6.3.1 Cyclobutadiene 303 6.3.2 [10]Annulene 305 6.3.3 [12]Annulenes 307 6.3.4 [14] and Higher Annulenes 308 6.4 Aromaticity in Fused Systems 311 6.5 Aromaticity in Heterocyclic Compounds 314 6.5.1 Heteroaromatic Compounds with Three-Membered Ring 314 6.5.2 Heteroaromatic Compounds with a Five-Membered Ring 315 6.5.3 Heteroaromatic Compounds with Six-Membered Ring 323 6.5.3.1 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 324 6.5.3.2 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 326 6.5.3.3 Pyridine N-Oxides 327 6.5.3.4 Electrophilic Substitution 328 6.5.3.5 Nucleophilic Substitution 328 6.5.3.6 Six-Membered Ring Heteroaromatic Compounds with Two Nitrogen Atoms 329 6.5.4 Heteroaromatic Compounds with a Seven-Membered Ring 330 6.5.4.1 Oxepine 330 6.5.4.2 1H-Azepine 331 6.5.4.3 Thiepine 332 6.6 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chemistry of Benzene 333 6.6.1 Halogenation of Benzene 335 6.6.2 Nitration 336 6.6.3 Sulfonation 337 6.6.4 Friedel–Crafts Acylation 338 6.6.5 Friedel–Crafts Alkylation 339 6.6.6 Clemmensen Reduction 341 6.6.7 Reactivity of Monosubstituted Benzene Derivatives 341 6.6.8 Directing Effects of Substituents: Activating Groups 344 6.6.9 Directing Effects of Substituents: Deactivating Groups 349 6.6.10 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution on Disubstituted Benzenes 352 6.7 Functionalization of the Side-Chain Substituents of Benzene 354 6.7.1 Oxidation of the Side Chain of Alkylbenzenes 354 6.7.2 Halogenation of Side Chains of Alkylbenzenes 355 6.7.3 Arenediazonium Ion as an Electrophile 356 6.8 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions 357 6.8.1 Addition–Elimination Mechanism (SNAr Mechanism) 358 6.8.2 Reaction of Arenediazonium Salts with Nucleophiles 360 6.8.2.1 Reductive Dediazonization 360 6.8.3 Elimination–Addition Mechanism 363 6.9 Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 365 6.9.1 Naphthalene 365 6.9.2 Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds 368 Problems 373 References 375 7 Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations 381 7.1 Structure and Stability of Carbocations 384 7.2 Generation of Carbocations 387 7.2.1 Ionization Mechanism 387 7.2.2 Electrophilic Addition to π Bonds 388 7.3 Detection of Carbocations 388 7.4 Reactions of Carbocations: Rearrangements 389 7.4.1 Reactions with Nucleophiles 389 7.4.2 Double-bond Formation by Proton Elimination 389 7.4.3 Rearrangement 389 7.4.4 Carbocation Rearrangement 390 7.4.5 Ethyl Carbocation 390 7.4.6 Isopropyl Carbocation 390 7.4.7 Cyclopentyl Carbocation 391 7.4.8 TheWagner–Meerwein Rearrangement 391 7.4.9 Pinacol Rearrangement 393 7.4.10 Tiffeneau–Demjanov Rearrangement 395 7.4.11 Dienone–Phenol Rearrangement 398 7.4.12 Neighboring Group Participation in Molecular Rearrangement (Anchimeric Assistance) 398 7.4.13 Nonclassical Carbocations 401 7.4.14 Nametkin Rearrangement 406 7.4.15 Hydride Shift 406 7.4.16 Base-induced Nucleophilic Rearrangements 408 7.4.17 Favorskii Rearrangement 408 7.4.18 Ramberg–Bäcklund Rearrangement 411 7.4.19 Benzil–Benzilic Acid Rearrangement 412 7.5 Rearrangement to Electron-deficient Nitrogen 412 7.5.1 Beckmann Rearrangement 413 7.5.2 Neber Rearrangement 415 7.5.3 Stieglitz Rearrangement 416 7.6 Rearrangement to Electron-deficient Oxygen 416 7.6.1 Baeyer–Villiger Rearrangement (or Oxidation) 417 Problems 419 References 421 8 Reactive Intermediates Carbanions, Carbenes, and Nitrenes 424 8.1 Carbanions: Electrophilic Rearrangements 424 8.1.1 Stevens Rearrangement 425 8.1.2 Sommelet–Hauser Rearrangement 427 8.1.3 Wittig Rearrangement 429 8.2 Carbenes 429 8.2.1 Naming Carbenes 430 8.2.2 Structure and Reactivity of Carbenes 430 8.2.3 Inductive Effect 430 8.2.4 Mesomeric Effect 430 8.2.5 Carbene Generation 431 8.2.5.1 Carbene Precursors: Synthesis of Diazo Compounds 432 8.2.5.2 Bamford–Stevens Reaction 432 8.2.5.3 N-Nitrosoalkyl Urea Compounds 433 8.2.5.4 Diazirines 434 8.2.5.5 α-Elimination Method 435 8.2.5.6 Simmons–Smith Reaction 437 8.2.6 Carbene Reactions 438 8.2.6.1 Carbene Cycloaddition Reactions 439 8.2.6.2 Carbene Insertion Reactions 445 8.2.6.3 Carbene Rearrangements 446 8.3 Azides and Nitrenes 453 8.3.1 Nitrene Synthesis 454 8.3.1.1 Synthesis of Acyl Azides 455 8.3.2 Nitrene Rearrangements 455 8.3.2.1 Curtius Rearrangement 455 8.3.2.2 Schmidt Rearrangement 457 8.3.2.3 Lossen Rearrangement 457 8.3.2.4 Hofmann Rearrangement 458 8.3.3 Nitrene Cycloaddition Reactions 458 8.3.4 Nitrene Insertion Reactions 460 Problems 461 References 465 9 Reactive Intermediates: Radicals and Singlet Oxygen 468 9.1 Structure of Radicals and Their Stability 468 9.1.1 Generation of Radicals 471 9.1.2 Radical Reactions 472 9.1.2.1 Atom-Abstraction Reaction 472 9.1.2.2 Radical Combination and Disproportionation 475 9.1.2.3 Kolbe Electrolysis (Kolbe Reaction) 476 9.1.2.4 Hunsdiecker Reaction 477 9.1.2.5 Radical Addition to Alkenes 478 9.1.2.6 Manganese(III)-Mediated Oxidative Radical Additions to Alkenes 480 9.1.2.7 Birch Reduction 481 9.1.2.8 Di-π-methane Rearrangement 483 9.1.2.9 Diradicals Derived from Diazo Compounds 486 9.2 Singlet Oxygen 487 9.2.1 The Electronic Configuration of the Oxygen Molecule 487 9.2.2 Singlet Oxygen Generation 489 9.2.2.1 Generation of Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen 489 9.2.2.2 Chemical Sources for Singlet Oxygen 490 9.2.3 Reactions of Singlet Oxygen 492 9.2.3.1 Ene Reactions 492 9.2.3.2 [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions 493 9.2.3.3 [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions 495 9.2.3.4 Bicyclic Endoperoxides in Synthesis 496 References 497 10 Pericyclic Reactions 500 10.1 Frontier Molecular Orbitals 502 10.2 Electrocyclic Reactions 505 10.2.1 Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions 505 10.2.2 Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions 506 10.2.3 Application of the Woodward–Hoffman Rules to Electrocyclic Reactions 508 10.2.3.1 Neutral Compounds 508 10.2.3.2 Ionic Compounds 510 10.3 Correlation Diagrams 512 10.3.1 Symmetry Elements 512 10.4 Cycloaddition Reactions 515 10.4.1 Stereoselectivity in Cycloaddition Reactions: Secondary Orbital Interactions 520 10.4.2 Factors Affecting the Rates of Cycloadditions 521 10.4.3 Coefficients of the Frontier Orbitals: Application to Regioselectivity in Diels–Alder Reactions 522 10.5 Sigmatropic Reactions 526 10.6 Cope and Claisen Rearrangements 530 10.6.1 Oxy-Cope Rearrangement 531 10.6.2 Claisen Rearrangement 532 Problems 533 References 535 11 Carbon–Carbon Coupling Reactions 537 11.1 History 537 11.2 Mizoroki–Heck Coupling Reaction 539 11.2.1 Regioselectivity 542 11.3 Stille Coupling Reaction 547 11.3.1 Synthesis of Organotin Compounds 550 11.4 Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction 552 11.5 Negishi Coupling Reaction 558 11.6 Sonogashira Coupling Reaction 562 11.7 Kumada Coupling Reaction 566 11.8 Hiyama Coupling Reaction 567 11.8.1 Hiyama–Denmark Coupling 569 11.9 Buchwald–Hartwig Coupling Reaction 570 11.10 Tsuji–Trost Coupling Reaction 571 11.11 Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions 573 11.11.1 Carbonylative Coupling Reactions with Organometallic Reagents 576 11.11.2 Mo(CO)6-Mediated Carbonylation 577 References 578 Solutions 583 Index 605
£999.99
Macmillan Learning Essentials of General Organic and Biochemistry
Book Synopsis
£56.99
Royal Society of Chemistry Soft Matter Approaches to Structured Foods:
Book SynopsisFood materials are unusual as soft matter. They are highly complex, operating on multiple length scales and phases and structured via multiple externally applied fields. A growing number of scientists are applying a soft matter physics approach to food science. This Faraday Discussion on Soft Matter Approaches to Structured Food will introduce and strengthen the concept of the soft matter approach to food scientists, and bring food scientists together with non-food experts (both experimental and theoretical) from the field of soft matter physics. The Discussion will allow for the exchange of views on state-of-the-art approaches like soft-glass rheology, multiscale/mesoscale simulation techniques, theories on slow dynamics, and driven soft matter systems. The Discussion will be held in the city of Wageningen in the Netherlands - one of the prime centres for food science in Europe. The Scientific Committee warmly invites you to take part in the Discussion and looks forward to welcoming you in Wageningen.Table of ContentsIntroductory Lecture: Soft matter approaches to structured foods: from ‘‘cook-and-look’’ to rational food design?; Designing colloidal structures for micro and macro nutrient content and release in foods; Protein cluster formation during enzymatic cross-linking of globular proteins; Anomalies in moisture transport during broccoli drying monitored by MRI?; Structural changes of deposited casein micelles induced by membrane filtration; Model for particle migration in bidisperse suspensions by use of effective temperature; General discussion; Stability of aqueous food grade fibrillar systems against pH change; Quinoa starch granules as stabilizing particles for production of Pickering emulsions; Soy milk oleosome behaviour at the air–water interface; Critical laminar shear-temperature effects on the nano- and mesoscale structure of a model fat and its relationship to oil binding and rheological properties; Surface shear rheology of hydrophobin adsorption layers: laws of viscoelastic behaviour with applications to long-term foam stability; Elucidation of density profile of self-assembled sitosterol + oryzanol tubules with small-angle neutron scattering; General Discussion; New Routes to food gels and glasses; Protein structure and interactions in the solid state studied by small-angle neutron scattering; The role of quench rate in colloidal gels; Delayed solidifcationof soft glasses: new experiments, and a theoretical challenge; Slow dynamics and structure in jammed milk protein suspensions; Arrested coalescence of viscoelastic droplets with internal microsctructure; General discussion; Viscoelastic phase seperation in soft matter and foods; Kinetic model for the mechanical response of suspensions of sponge-like particles; Nanoscale characteristics of triacylglycerol oils: phase separation and binding energies of two-component oils to crystalline nanoplatelets; Soft matter approaches as enablers for food macroscale simulation; Numerical study of the effect of thiol-disulfide exchange in the cluster phase of beta-lactoglobulin aggregation; A multiscale approach to triglycerides simulations: from atomistic to coarse-grained models and back; General discussion; Concluidng remarks: the future of soft matter and food strucure; Additional information; Poster titles; List of Participants; Index of contributors
£999.99
CRC Press Molecular Driving Forces
Book SynopsisMolecular Driving Forces, Second Edition is an introductory statistical thermodynamics text that describes the principles and forces that drive chemical and biological processes. It demonstrates how the complex behaviors of molecules can result from a few simple physical processes, and how simple models provide surprisingly accurate insights into the workings of the molecular world. Widely adopted in its First Edition, Molecular Driving Forces is regarded by teachers and students as an accessible textbook that illuminates underlying principles and concepts. The Second Edition includes two brand new chapters: (1) Microscopic Dynamics introduces single molecule experiments; and (2) Molecular Machines considers how nanoscale machines and engines work. The Logic of Thermodynamics has been expanded to its own chapter and now covers heat, work, processes, pathways, and cycles. New practical applications, examples, and end-of-chapter questions are integrated throughout the revised and updated text, exploring topics in biology, environmental and energy science, and nanotechnology. Written in a clear and reader-friendly style, the book provides an excellent introduction to the subject for novices while remaining a valuable resource for experts.Table of Contents1: Principles of Probability 2: Extremum Principles Predict Equilibria 3: Heat, Work & Energy 4: Math Tools: Multivariate Calculus 5: Entropy & the Boltzmann Law 6: Thermodynamic Driving Forces 7: The Logic of Thermodynamics 8: Laboratory Conditions & Free Energies 9: Maxwell's Relations & Mixtures 10: The Boltzman Distribution Law11: The Statistical Mechanics of Simple Gases & Solids 12: What Is Temperature? What Is Heat Capacity? 13: Chemical Equilibria 14: Equilibria Between Liquids, Solids, & Gases 15: Solutions & Mixtures 16: The Solvation & Transfer of Molecules Between Phases 17: Physical Kinetics: Diffusion, Permeation & Flow 18: Microscopic Dynamics 19: Chemical Kinetics & Transition States 20: Coulomb's Law of Electrostatic Forces 21: The Electrostatic Potential 22: Electrochemical Equilibria 23: Salt Ions Shield Charged Objects in Solution 24: Intermolecular Interactions 25: Phase Transitions 26: Cooperativity: The Hexlix-Coil, Isling & Landau Models 27: Adsorption, Binding & Catalysis 28: Multi-site & Cooperative Ligand Binding 29: Bio & Nano Machines 30: Water 31: Water as a Solvent 32: Polymer Solutions 33: Polymer Elasticity & Collapse 34: Polymers Resist Confinement & Deformation Appendices
£999.99
Cambridge University Press Astrochemistry VII Iau S332
Book SynopsisThe study of astrochemistry has become an important branch of modern astronomy and astrophysics. Molecules are key tools in exploring topics such as star and planet formation, the origin and evolution of interstellar dust grains, the structure of the interstellar medium in galaxies, and the origin of protogalaxies in the early Universe. This volume contains review papers alongside the latest results in the fast-growing discipline of astrochemistry, bringing together contributions from observers, modellers and laboratory astrochemists. It reports results from new observational facilities, such as the Herschel Space Observatory, ALMA, NOEMA, Rosetta and SOFIA, which are leading to new research areas such as the habitability of exoplanets, the origin of prebiotic chemistry and astrobiology. Interleaved with these observation results is the recent, ground-breaking work of physical chemists and numerical modellers, which provides the fundamental theoretical descriptions required to explain Table of ContentsOpening address; 1. Atoms and molecules at high redshifts; 2. Ultra-luminous extragalactic chemistry; 3. Observations of a hot molecular core in a low metallicity dwarf galaxy; 4. The ALMA view of UV-irradiated molecular cloud edges; 5. High-temperature chemistry in external galaxies; 6. Low metallicity ISM: physical properties of the gas and dust; 7. Fire from Ice – massive star birth from infrared dark clouds; 8. Tracing the evolution of massive protostars; 9. Chemical change in the disk forming region of IRAS 16293-2422 studied with ALMA; 10. A molecular outflow-prestellar core interaction in L1689N; 11. The excitation and emission spectrum of the hydrogen molecular ion; 12. The molecular inventory of diffuse clouds; 13. Barnard 1b; 14. Astrochemistry of light hydrides with SOFIA; 15. Theoretical approaches to surface chemistry; 16. Molecule and dust formation in late-type stars; 17. Dust formation at cryogenic temperatures; 18. Simulations of branched carbon-chain chemistry in star-forming regions; 19. The photochemical evolution of the interstellar PAH family; 20. Laboratory astrochemistry; 21. Exploring molecular complexity in the Galactic Center with ALMA; 22. Imaging the water snowline in protostellar envelopes; 23. Chemical tracers of dynamics in low-mass protostellar objects; 24. Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS); 25. Herschel observations of molecular emission lines in low- and intermediate-mass evolved stars; 26. Interstellar reaction screening via microwave spectral taxonomy; 27. Isotopic fractionation in interstellar molecules; 28. Insights into astrochemistry – highlights from the Rosetta mission; 29. On the origin of O2, N2, and other volatile species in comets; 30. ALMA observations of Titan's atmospheric chemistry and seasonal variation; 31. The chemical connection between 67P/C-G and IRAS16293; 32. Nitrogen fractionation in star-forming regions and primitive Solar System materials; 33. Spatially resolved organic chemistry in protoplanetary disks; 34. Unveiling the mid-plane temperature and mass distribution in the giant-planet formation zone; 35. Zooming in on the physics and chemistry of protoplanetary disks with ALMA; 36. Different dust and gas radial extents in protoplanetary disks; 37. ALMA detection of gas-phase methanol in a planet-forming disk; 38. Measuring gas masses and carbon depletion in young disks; 39. Dust in transition disks; 40. Nitrogen fractionation in protoplanetary disks from the H13CN/HC15N ratio; 41. Models of nitrogen isotope fractionation in protoplanetary disks; 42. Chemistry and evolution of the oldest white dwarf planetary systems; 43. What does the chemical composition of giant planets tells us about their formation?; 44. Chemical characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres; 45. JWST: the role of observing facilities in setting the agenda; 46. ALMA Band 1 and astrochemistry; 47. ALMA; 48. Processing of interstellar ices by soft X-rays and swift ions; 49. Laboratory measurements of methanol photolysis branching ratios to guide astrochemical models; 50. Acetaldehyde and carbonaceous dust; 51. Photodestruction of astrophysically relevant ice species; 52. Synchrotron X-ray irradiation of N-rich organics; 53. Gas phase studies of astrochemical importance; 54. Photochemistry and radiation chemistry of cosmic ice analogs of ammonia.
£95.95
McGraw-Hill Education Chemistry The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 2026 Release ISE
£53.09
McGraw-Hill Education Chemistry 2025 Release ISE
Book Synopsis
£53.09
McGraw-Hill Education Schaums Outline of Organic Chemistry Sixth
Book SynopsisA new app and website makes this classic Schaum's bestseller better than everâlike having your own virtual tutor!If you're enrolled in in an organic chemistry course, you probably know that study and practice outside the classroom are essential for excelling in class and on exams. In this classic Schaum's bestseller, you'll find the powerful, all-in-one study tool you need, thoroughly updated to match the latest course scope and sequence.Trusted by more than 40 million students to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams, Schaum's Outlines cover course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format, and provide access to detailed videos featuring course instructors explaining the most commonly tested concepts. Schaum's Outline of Organic Chemistry, Sixth Edition, includes: Access to a NEW Schaum's app and website 1,806 fully-solved problems 4 detailed problem-solving videos online Exercises to help you te
£25.64
McGraw-Hill Education Principles of General Organic Biological
Book SynopsisThis textbook is written for students who have an interest in nursing, nutrition, environmental science, food science, and a wide variety of other health-related professions. The content of this book is designed for an introductory chemistry course with no chemistry prerequisite, and is suitable for either a two-semester sequence or a one-semester course. By introducing one new concept at a time, keeping the basic themes in focus, and breaking down complex problems into small pieces, many students in these chemistry courses acquire a new appreciation of both the human body and the larger world around them.
£50.39
McGraw-Hill Education Chemistry Atoms First 2026 Release ISE
£53.09
McGraw-Hill Education Organic Chemistry 2026 Release ISE
£53.09
McGraw-Hill Education Chemistry Atoms First ISE
Book SynopsisThe new fifth edition of Chemistry: Atoms First by Burdge and Overby builds further on the success of the first four editions. The Atoms First approach provides a consistent and logical method for teaching general chemistry. This approach starts with the fundamental building block of matter, the atom, and uses it as the stepping-stone to understanding more complex chemistry topics. Once mastery of the nature of atoms and electrons is achieved, the formation and properties of compounds are developed. Only after the study of matter and the atom will students have sufficient background to fully engage in topics such as stoichiometry, kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics. The text is strengthened by its offering in ALEKS, now featuring Custom Question Authoring, Video Assignments, Virtual Labs, and more!Table of ContentsChapter 1: Chemistry: The Science of Change Chapter 2: Atoms and the Periodic Table Chapter 3: Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 4: Periodic Trends of the Elements Chapter 5: Ionic and Covalent Compounds Chapter 6: Representing Molecules Chapter 7: Molecular Geometry, Intermolecular Forces, and Bonding Theories Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions Chapter 9: Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 10: Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions Chapter 11: Gases Chapter 12: Liquids and Solids Chapter 13: Physical Properties of Solutions Chapter 14: Chemical KineticsChapter 15: Entropy and Gibbs Energy Chapter 16: Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 17: Acids, Bases, and Salts Chapter 18: Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria Chapter 19: Electrochemistry Chapter 20: Nuclear ChemistryChapter 21: Environmental Chemistry Chapter 22: Coordination Chemistry Chapter 23: Organic Chemistry Chapter 24: Modern Materials Chapter 25: ONLINE ONLY CHAPTER: Nonmetallic Elements and Their CompoundsChapter 26: ONLINE ONLY CHAPTER: Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals
£999.99
McGraw-Hill Education Introductory Chemistry An Atoms First Approach
Book SynopsisIntroductory Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach by Julia Burdge and Michelle Driessen has been developed and written using an atoms first approach specific to introductory chemistry. It is a carefully crafted text, designed and written with the introductory chemistry student in mind.The arrangement of topics facilitates the conceptual development of chemistry for the novice, rather than the historical development that has been used traditionally. Its language and style are student friendly and conversational, and the importance and wonder of chemistry in everyday life are emphasized at every opportunity.The text is strengthened by its offering in ALEKS, now featuring Custom Question Authoring, Video Assignments, Virtual Labs, and more!Table of ContentsChapter 1: Atoms and ElementsChapter 2: Electrons and the Periodic TableChapter 3: Compounds and Chemical BondsChapter 4: How Chemists Use NumbersChapter 5: The Mole and Chemical FormulasChapter 6: Molecular ShapeChapter 7: Solids, Liquids, and Phase ChangesChapter 8: GasesChapter 9: Physical Properties of SolutionsChapter 10: Chemical Reactions and Chemical EquationsChapter 11: Using Balanced Chemical EquationsChapter 12: Acids and BasesChapter 13: EquilibriumChapter 14: Organic ChemistryChapter 15: BiochemistryChapter 16: Nuclear ChemistryChapter 17: Electrochemistry
£56.04
McGraw-Hill Education Introduction to Chemistry ISE
Book SynopsisIntroduction to Chemistry takes a conceptual approach to introductory chemistry. Chapters open with a scenario involving real-life students to connect abstract chemical concepts to students'' lives. Math is introduced on a need-to-know basis. This conceptual approach first teaches the chemistry and then shows students how to use the math with the chemistry. We recognize how important it is for students to apply chemistry to their world, so applications - especially medical- and environment-related applications are provided throughout the text, marginal notes, worked examples, and end-of-chapter problems.eBook Features: Examples and Practice Problems provide a read-a-little, do-a-little approach for students, breaking difficult concepts down into accessible portions. Concept Review questions are auto-graded and integrated into the eBook, providing immediate feedback for students as they test their knowledge of the chapter. Digital flashcards for k
£53.09
McGraw-Hill Education Organic Chemistry 2026 Release ISE
£53.09
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 33
Book Synopsis
£163.19
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 34
Book SynopsisThe authors'' of this latest volume discuss recent advances in chemistry research. Chapter One studies theoretical optimisation of the catalytic reaction of alcohols with dimethylcarbonate. Chapter Two provides a review of linalool, a key contributor to the aroma nuances in hoppy beers, cocoa liquors, wines and fermented tea beverages. Chapter Three provides a discussion of neurological studies on linalool and other fragrant compounds. Chapter Four focuses on the phytochemistry and biological activities of iridoids. Chapter Five presents the fragmentation pathways of different anthraquinone-based colorants utilised for structural determination of unknown red colorants obtained from various sources and analysed using HPLC-UV-VIS ESI MS/MS system. Chapter Six researches the process of synthesis, catalysis and mimetic properties obtained with the use of phthalocyanine, porphyrin and cyclodextrin complexes in the development of electrochemical sensors. Chapter Seven investigates first order chemical kinetics mechanisms and obtains general conclusions about the qualitative behavior of the concentrations curves. Chapter Eight discusses the effect of co-anions on perchlorate degradation using zero-valent titanium (ZVT) anode. Chapter Nine studies the use of poly(ethylene glycol)-supported ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex as a novel and recyclable visible light photocatalyst for organic synthesis. Chapter Ten discusses the synthesis of radically deoxygenated sugars.
£205.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 36
Book SynopsisThe authors'' of this latest volume discuss recent advances in chemistry research. Chapter One discusses the structural characteristics and composition of proanthocyanidins in grapes and wines, including the main factors that could determine PAs concentration. Chapter Two reviews the analytical methodologies devoted to the extraction, characterisation and determination of proanthocyanidins in plants and plant-derived food products. Chapter Three describes a novel procedure for the extraction and isolation of proteoglycans from connective tissue. Chapter Four focuses on the analytical potential of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins with a particular emphasis on electroanalysis. Chapter Five analyses S2 fluorescence of metalloporphyrins and its applications for photochemical tools. Chapter Six introduces spin-crossover phenomena of assembled coordination polymers. Chapter Seven discusses the design, controllable synthesis and properties of hybrid carbon membranes for gas separation.
£205.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Polycrystalline Films: Characteristics,
Book Synopsis
£83.29
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 37
Book SynopsisThe authors'' of this latest volume discuss recent advances in chemistry research. Chapter One summarises the latest achievements on the electrochemical determination of synthetic antioxidants. Chapter Two provides an overview on the activity of essential oils with defined chemical composition, tested against cholinesterases and identifies the ones that could be potentially used in Alzheimer''s treatment. Chapter Three discusses the adverse clinical effects and the potential toxicological effects of Aloe vera/ Chapter Four describes a simple, cost-effective and ecofriendly approach for the fabrication of different metal nanoparticles (MNPs) including silver, gold, iron, zinc and palladium by using different plant phytochemicals as potential reducers and stabilisers. Chapter Five studies ionic liquid-promoted synthesis of phosphinates and biphosphonic acid derivatives. Chapter Six focuses on low molecular mass reactive acrylamide copolymers as carriers of biologically active compounds. Chapter Seven discusses the phenomenon of mass concentration periodicity in amorphous matter. Chapter Eight studies the use of furan derivatives acting as electrophilic dienophiles. Chapter Nine examines the use of surfactants in the chemical treatment of crude case oriental zone in Venezuela for asphaltene mitigation.
£205.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 38
Book SynopsisChapter One is focused onto particular groups of hazardous materials (pesticides and dyes) and systematisation of degradation methods according to specified pollutant. The authors investigated the materials with the best performance taking into account catalytic activity, stability and ease of preparation toward the electrochemical behavior of the dyes and pesticides as well as their degradation choosing the proper electrochemical method and conditions. Chapter Two covers a bio-supported, inexpensive and easily available cellulose sulfuric acid that has been used as a catalyst to promote sequential two-step one-pot reactions to synthesise more than twenty derivatives of nitrocoumarins (n-nitro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one). Chapter Three summarises the recent developments in synthetic methodologies for the construction of 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives. Mechanistic investigations, reactivities, applications, product manipulations and biological potential are also been discussed. In Chapter Four, the authors present the different approaches for studying cellular adhesion and subsequent migration using a toolbox of linear and star-shaped PEG-based materials. Chapter Five compiles and presents the summaries of visible light mediated synthesis and functionalisation of pyrrole and its derivatives. Several review articles and book chapters present the conventional procedures for synthesis of pyrrole and its derivatives, but the visible light mediated synthesis of these components have not yet been archived. Clathrate hydrates (CHs) are inclusion compounds in which tetrahedrally-bonded H2O molecules form a generally disordered but solid-state host-lattice composed of a periodic array of cages. Chapter Six addresses the catalytic formation kinetics of CHs with H-bonding non-classical guests as studied by infrared spectroscopy. Chapter Seven summarises data as well as ab-initio- band-structure calculations in order to provide guidelines for further development in the field of Clathrate type I crystals. To conclude the book, Chapter Eight covers the current research status on the potential toxicological effects of Aloe vera.
£205.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 41
Book SynopsisThe opening chapter proposes that the use of accessible N-alkyl-2-haloaldimines Me2C(Hlg)CH=NR1 (Hlg = Cl (1), Br (2)) in the imine version of the Pudovik reaction with acidic esters of phosphorus acids vastly extends its synthetic potential due to the fact that a primary addition or protonation product, having mobile single halogen atoms, can undergo spontaneous transformations as well as transformations involving other reagents. The authors go on to maintain that speedy detection and isolation of various lectin types is required for diagnosis and therapeutics, thus resulting in the development of an effective method of preparation of lectin specific nanogold (silver)-labeled colloidal, and cross-linked neoglycoconjugates, based on maleic anhydride copolymers. The authors go on to discuss the various methods available for the splitting of racemates into separate enantiomers, based mainly on stereoselective chromatographic analysis (HPLC, GC, CE, TLC, etc.) or on the classical method of separating the enantiomers by crystallization of their diastereomeric salts. Another chapter examines the biomimetic sol-gel synthesis of silicon-chitosan-containing glycerohydrogels with the use of silicon tetraglycerolate (precursor) and chitosan salts (templates), namely, chitosan acetate, lactate, ascorbate, hydrochloride, hydrochloride-ascorbate and hydrochloride-glycolate, as well as examining the effect of the concentrations of the precursor, chitosan salt and a low-molecular-weight accelerator, estimating the pH of the medium and temperature (480C) of the sol-gel process on the gelation duration in multicomponent chitosan-containing systems. The authors propose an economically efficient and ecologically friendly means of plasmid DNA metallization, with the potential for the obtained plasmid to be investigated for vaccine adjuvant and antitumor agent properties. This volume also discusses the establishment of a linear regression, taking into account the errors in measurement of an explanatory (independent) variable. The authors suggest that the use of an error-independent instrumental variable correlated with the explanatory variable and inverse least-squares-based are two means for arriving at consistent parameter estimates.
£205.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Phenolic Compounds: Structure, Uses and Health
Book SynopsisPhenolic Compounds: Structure, Uses and Health Benefits opens with a discussion on phenolic substances such as gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin. The most common analytical methods (based on spectrophotometric, chromatographic or electrochemical techniques) for determining phenolic compounds applied to a wide range of sample sources are presented. Additionally, the authors study the high concentrations of bioactive substances in fruit berries in order to determine the link between daily fruit intake and human health. A review of the modern literature on extraction, filtration, and adsorption that may be combined with advanced oxidation treatments to minimalise the environmental impact of the remaining wastes is presented, especially focusing on phenolic compounds recovery from olive mill liquidwastes. Lastly, the authors provide an overview on the antiradical and antioxidizing properties of calix[n]arenes and calix[n]resorcinols as part of a larger discussion on the impact of preorganization of antioxidant fragments attached to calix[n]arene and calix[n]resorcinol scaffolds and their intramolecular synergy on antioxidant activity.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 42
Book SynopsisIn this book, authors present research on filamentous fungi and the way they impact and transform their microenvironment, thereby contributing to mobilization or immobilization of potentially toxic metals and metalloids. Additionally, the significant impact of filamentous fungi on the deployment of potentially toxic elements in soils and sediments with possible intracellular or extracellular transformation is also discussed. Following this, the authors present an overview of the various potential applications of fullerenes, including: anti HIV- protease activity, photodynamic DNA cleavage, free radical scavenger, antimicrobial action, fullerene-based photoelectric materials, catalytic properties of transition metal-fullerene complexes, and more. Next, an additional overview is presented on furfural production in the world, the characteristics of this compound as a platform product, and the methods applied for its production from different raw materials. The authors go on to analyze all of the designs and concepts made to date to pursue the best association motif and discuss all issues linked to this anticipated entropically adverse event. A study is presented on the effects of exposure of typical proteins to low frequency electromagnetic fields and to microwaves, wherein it was shown that exposure to electromagnetic fields induces unfolding of proteins, causing transitions from α-helix to β-sheet structures that may be responsible of aggregation phenomena, leading to neurotoxic and neurodegenerative disorders that can be considered as the first step toward certain pathologies. Later, the authors propose a treatment for red or brown sorghum which reduces the coloration, prepares the sorghum grain, improves the properties of the milling, increases the yield, and retains antioxidants in the flour. An additional study is presented on the electrical transport properties (electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and thermoelectric power) of five liquid alkali elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) using the theory of pseudopotential. Ending the book, the authors discuss the mechanism of Li3PS4 formation in ethyl propionate, an organic solvent. In addition, a solvent selection guide is determined and presented
£205.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Chemistry Research Summaries: Volume 18 (with
Book SynopsisThis book is a compilation of research summaries from a number of different focuses in the field of chemistry research.
£195.19
Nova Science Publishers Inc Chemistry Research Summaries: Volume 19
Book SynopsisThis book is a compilation of research summaries from a number of different focuses in the field of chemistry research.
£195.19
Nova Science Publishers Inc Solution Chemistry: Advances in Research and
Book Synopsis
£148.79
Nova Science Publishers Inc Liquid Metals: From Atomistic Potentials to
Book SynopsisBasic problems concerning the computer simulation of liquid metals in usual and extreme conditions with the use of interparticle potentials, mainly multi-particle potentials of the embedded atom model are considered in the book. The general questions of a structure of simple liquids, and the methods of simulation of non-crystalline systems (liquid and amorphous) a method of molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo, quantum-mechanical modeling, etc. are considered in the first five chapters. The types of interparticle potentials applied, the analysis of atomistic models, topological characteristics of liquids, and the results of modeling one-component and binary systems with the use of the simplest interparticle potentials are considered. In the second part of the book, a specification of interparticle interaction is given for 17 metals of the various groups of the periodic system with the use of the embedded atom model. Parameters of potentials under ambient pressure are found using the experimental data about properties of metal on the binodal, and for strongly compressed states via the metal properties found in Hugoniot adiabatic processes. The role of electronic terms in energy is considered in detail. Tables of the potentials are given in the Appendix. Then, thermodynamic, structural and diffusion properties of these metals in wide intervals of the pressure and temperatures are calculated (usually to hundreds of GPa and tens of thousands of Kelvin). The results of the calculations are tabulated. In the final chapters of the book, specific problems with respect to liquid metals are considered. Here, the problems of the structure and conditions in the center of the Earth, Moon and Jupiter satellites, calculations of shock adiabats, and the isotopic effect of diffusion are covered. The assessments of structure and temperature in the inner and outer cores of the Earth are given. Calculations of a series of shock adiabats for the initially porous or liquid metal samples are carried out, and questions of accuracy concerning the available experimental data are analyzed. Also, some non-classical mechanisms of liquid solidification, in particular, the cluster mechanism of solidification during strong overcooling, are discussed. The general problems of the thermodynamic description of nanoclusters are considered. The ambiguity of the use of the radius, volume, surface area and surface tension concepts for nanoclusters is shown, and a more reasonable approach is suggested. The series of nanoclusters of various sizes are constructed for several metals, and the dependence of their properties on the cluster size, including a melting temperature, are investigated. The possibility to compare the applicability of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in its usual form to the melting/solidification of nanoclusters is discussed.
£255.19
Nova Science Publishers Inc Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Mechanisms and
Book Synopsis
£148.79
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 44
Book SynopsisThis collection presents recent results related to the synthesis, modification and characterization of triphenylamine oligomers and polymers by electrochemical methods, in particular Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The modification by electrochemical methods of oligomers containing TPA as pendants groups, generating electroactive cross-linked networks accompanied by colour changes with high coloration efficiency is also discussed. Next, the authors review the mechanisms of formation and structure of FAEEs to their use as alcohol biomarkers, focusing on the developed analysis methods, fields of application and published articles. A critical overview is also provided on the methodological challenges and considerations for their analysis, the present limitations and advantages relatively to other alcohol biomarkers, and challenges and directions in the research of FAEEs as alcohol biomarkers. Afterwards, liquorice is discussed, specifically how liquorice roots have been object of many studies dealing with their biological activities as well as their phytochemical profiles, however the aerial parts of this plant, and in particular the leaves, have received scarce attention and been considered a waste product. Continuing, over seventy dimeric Pt(II) complexes which contain at least one thio-ligand are analyzed. Thio-ligands are very useful as soft-S donor ligands in the chemistry of platinum. Another review correlates the structural parameters of about ninety mononuclear Pt(II) complexes containing at least one seleno- or silyl- ligand. Each of these Pt(II) complex has structure with square planar geometry with various degrees of distortion. The authors argue, in a separate and final review, that carnitine and its derivatives are available from meat and synthesized by the body e.g. in vegetarians, so that an occasional pharmacological suppression of their levels doesnt translate to cardiovascular disease prevention. The problem should be seen within the scope of placebo marketing under the guise of evidence-based medications.
£205.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Chemistry Research Summaries Volume 20 (With
Book SynopsisThis book is a continuation of the book Chemistry Researcher Biographical Sketches and Research Summaries which compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of chemistry research, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.
£195.19
Nova Science Publishers Inc Acetic Acids: Advances in Research and
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Graphene Oxide: Advances in Research and
Book SynopsisGraphene oxide is a carbon-based material what produces a monolayer or a few layers of oxygen-functionalized graphene. The number of layers usually differentiate between graphene oxide and graphite oxide. Though a multilayer system, graphite oxide monolayer flakes and few-layer flakes can be found in a graphene oxide dispersion. Due to the presence of oxygen functionalities, graphene oxide can easily disperse in various organic solvents including water and is compatible with a different matrix that dramatically enhances electrical and mechanical properties when mixed with polymer and ceramic materials. Graphene oxide possesses a sp2 bonding network. Graphene oxide can be used as an intermediary in the production of single layer or few-layer graphene sheets. Graphene oxide can be reduced in solution and as a thin film using a variety of reducing conditions, and reduction converts the graphene oxide into a material that has a large enhancement in electrical conductivity. Graphene oxide has been used in a variety of applications not limited to materials science engineering and biotechnology. The present book describes the advances in research and applications of graphene oxide; in Chapter One, the general introduction on graphene oxide is introduced whereas in Chapter Two a broader summary of laser processing for graphene oxide/transition metal oxide nanocomposite coatings are described. Chapter Three discusses a graphene oxide template for the scaffolding transition metal/metal oxide ingredient. Chapter Four concludes the new advances in graphene oxide-metal nanocomposites for cancer theranostics. Chapter Five summarizes graphene oxide membranes as supercapacitor separators and Chapter Six contains details of graphene oxide in terms of the advances in research and applications of membranes. Chapter Seven speaks on the conductivity of graphene oxide films while Chapter Eight describes the application of graphene oxide based nanocomposites in heterogeneous photocatalysis for water purification. Chapter Nine deals with an immense uprising, detailing the functionalization and fine-tuning of 2D graphene designed for heterogeneous catalysis to make things greener. Chapter Ten summarizes graphene oxides for biomedical and therapeutic applications. Chapter Eleven describes graphene oxide as an outstanding material for advanced batteries while Chapter Twelve speaks on behalf of self-assembled graphene oxides and their different applications. Chapter Thirteen describes the versatile applications of graphene oxide in the field of nanoelectronic while Chapter Fourteen concludes this book with details about the design, fabrication, testing and delivery of graphene oxide in solar energy storage. This book will be highly beneficial to the researchers working in the area of graphene oxide, polymer/ceramic chemistry, materials science, engineering, drug delivery, medicine and environmental science. It also covers membrane and super capacitors with their advanced applications. This book also provides a platform for all researchers to carry out graphene oxide research and the advances in the area. The book also covers recent fundamentals, advancements and newer prospects about the future research in graphene oxides.
£195.19
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 46
Book SynopsisAdvances in Chemistry Research. Volume 46 opens with a summary of the authors recent findings in which an integrated computational approach to in silico drug design was used to identify novel HIV-1 entry inhibitor scaffolds mimicking high-affinity ligands of the viral envelope proteins, namely broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies (bNabs) VRC01, 3074, 10E8, and primary receptor CD4. Additionally, the authors examine recently published sequence- and structure-based methods for predicting peptide binders to major histocompatibility complex molecules and discuss their advantages and limitations (MHC). MHC molecules present peptide fragments (antigens) derived from pathogens and display them at the cell surface for T-cell recognition. Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is one of the most important technologiesapplied in many refineries and has the ability to convert anextensive range of feedstocks to more valuable products including gasoline and propylene. This book provides a general background of the FCC process and details of the process will be presented focusing on FCC catalyst materials and additives. The effects of external physical fields (thermal (TF), ultrasonic (UF), and microwave (MF)) on the isothermal kinetics of fullerol formation are investigated. A spectrophotometric method was developed to monitor the conversion degree of fullerene to fullerol, and both the isothermal kinetic curves and conversion curves for fullerol formation are determined under TF, UF, and MF fields at different temperatures ranging from 293 to 313 K. The authors examine the way an excess of oxidative species can cause fatal damage to lipids within the cell membranes, cellular proteins and nucleic acids, as well as to the constituents of the extracellular matrix, such as collagens and proteoglycans. A simple expression is derived to evaluate diffusion activation energy, which involves only processing temperatures and the number of waveguide modes supported by the formed structures. Neither data processing nor special software is necessary for this calculation, and the technique also enables the evaluation of the diffusion activation energy directly in the procedure of self-similarity verification using the refractive index profiles found from the measured waveguide mode spectra. Lastly, this book suggests that thermal fluctuations play an important role in aid of flow stress above the temperature of 0 K, and the aid energy supplied by the thermal fluctuations is given for NaCl single crystals doped with various monovalent ions separately, when the weak obstacle (i.e. dopant ion) is overcome by a dislocation.
£205.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 47
Book SynopsisIn the introductory chapter of Advances in Chemistry Research. Volume 47, the authors review eterogeneous catalytic systems reported from 2004 to 2018 for some of the key chemical transformations of limonene such as oxidation, hydrogenation and isomerization reactions. The main advantages of the heterogeneous catalytic processes are the easy separation of a catalyst from a reaction mixture, the possibility of reuse and the mild reaction conditions of the processes. The processes responsible for the memory effect (induced by electrical breakdown and discharge in custom-made/commercial tubes) filled with noble gases at low pressure are analyzed in the next chapter. This analysis is based on the experimental results pertaining to a mean value of electrical breakdown time delay as a function of the afterglow period. Next, a variety of hydroxyquinoline-based compounds from three perspectives, namely their applications as anticancer agents, as sensing agents for metal detection, and the mechanisms of their actions. The authors provide an overview on the ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes catalyzed and visible-light assisted procedures employed for the production of radical intermediates from sulfonyl chlorides. In addition, they account the applications of these radical species in the syntheses of functionalized aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Because previous kinetic models assume that the reaction medium was reacting at random and without a turnover associated to thermodynamics exchanges, some included experimental studies aim to show that coupling factor 1 from spinach chloroplasts has latent ATPase activity which becomes expressed after heat-treatment and incubation with calcium. Lastly, optically active ketones are isolated from the domino deprotection/decarboxylation/protonation reaction of racemic allyl or benzyl B-ketoesters and corresponding enol carbonates mediated with both palladium species and unichiral aminoalcohols. Protonation of an ammonium enolate as the key enantioselective step is consistent with the absence of a relationship between the nature of the substrate and the absolute configuration of the isolated ketone.
£177.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 48
Book Synopsis
£177.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 49
Book SynopsisWater pollution by organic dyestuffs is a major environmental issue to be addressed, given the strong negative impact of such molecules due to both their direct toxicity and that of their derivatives. As such, there is a growing interest regarding possible implementation of advanced oxidation processes in conventional wastewater treatments.Following this, the process of oxidation-reduction is conducted in electrodes/membranes based on teflonized carbon blacks/carbons. A physical model of the reaction mechanism in carbon-teflon structure is developed, and three types of processes have been studied: SO2 oxidation with O2 reduction; H2S oxidation with O2 reduction; and H2S oxidation with SO2 reduction.The authors aim to update the knowledge in the field by presenting in a systematic approach the scientific literature data concerning the applications of cyanoethylation focusing on the catalytic aspects of the process. Aspects related to the most relevant reactions, the reaction conditions and the catalysts employed for each of them are presented.In closing, numerical simulation of shock wave phenomena in supersonic compressible flows is discussed. The test cases considered include supersonic flow in a channel with a forward facing step, reflection of a shock wave from a wall, shock wave and laminar boundary layer interaction.
£205.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Indole: Synthesis, Functions and Reactions
Book Synopsis
£92.79
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 51
Book Synopsis
£177.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Advances in Chemistry Research: Volume 52
Book Synopsis
£177.59
Nova Science Publishers Inc Furan: Chemistry, Synthesis and Safety
Book Synopsis
£999.99
