Cellular biology (cytology) Books

Book SynopsisMolecular Cell Biology of the Growth and Differentiation of Plant Cells encompasses cell division, cell enlargement and differentiation; which is the cellular basis of plant growth and development. Understanding these developmental processes is fundamental for improving plant growth and the production of special plant products, as well as contributing to biological understanding. The dynamics of cells and cellular organelles are considered in the context of growth and differentiation, made possible particularly by advances in molecular genetics and the visualization of organelles using molecular probes. There is now a much clearer understanding of these basic plant processes of cell division, cell enlargement and differentiation. Each chapter provides a current and conceptual view in the context of the cell cycle (6 chapters), cell enlargement (5 chapters) or cell differentiation (9 chapters). The book provides state of the art knowledge (and open questions) set outTable of ContentsTHE PLANT CELL CYCLE. Plant Cell Cycle Transitions. Discovering the World of Plant Nuclear Proteins. Plastid Division. Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Division. Mechanism of Organelle Inheritance in Dividing Plant Cells. Cell Division and Cell Growth. PLANT CELL ENLARGEMENT. Organization of the Plant Cell Wall. Biosynthesis and Assembly of Cellulose. Signaling - Dependent Cytoskeletal Dynamics and Plant Cell Growth. The Regulation of Plant Cell Expansion-Auxin-Induced Turgor-Driven Cell Elongation. How Plant Hormones and Their Interactions Affect Cell Growth. PLANT CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Cellular Dynamics of the Primary Shoot and Root Meristem. The Cell Cycle in Nodulation. Cellular and Molecular Features of the Procambium and Cambium in Plant Vascular Tissue Development. Asymmetric Cell Division in the Zygote of Flowering Plants: The Continuing Polarized Event of Embryo Sac Development. Plant Stem Cells. Transdifferentiation: a Plant Perspective. Genetic Reprogramming of Plant Cells In Vitro via Dedifferentiation or Pre-existing Stem Cells. Death and Rebirth: Programmed Cell Death during Plant Sexual Reproduction. Storage Cells – Oil and Protein Bodies.

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Book SynopsisMany of our current agricultural crops are natural or agricultural hybrids (between two or more species), or polyploids (containing more than one genome or set of chromosomes). These include potato, oats, cotton, oilseed rape, wheat, strawberries, kiwifruit, banana, seedless watermelon, triticale and many others. Polyploidy and hybridization can also be used for crop improvement: for example, to introgress disease resistance from wild species into crops, to produce seedless fruits for human consumption, or even to create entirely new crop types. Some crop genera have hundreds of years of interspecific hybridization and ploidy manipulation behind them, while in other genera use of these evolutionary processes for crop improvement is still at the theoretical stage. This book brings together stories and examples by expert researchers and breeders working in diverse crop genera, and details how polyploidy and hybridization processes have shaped our current crops, how these processes havTable of ContentsInterspecific Hybridization For Upland Cotton Improvement. Allopolyploidy and Interspecific Hybridization for Wheat Improvement. Potato Breeding through Ploidy Manipulations. Polyploid Induction Techniques and Breeding Strategies in Poplar. Musa Interspecific Hybridization and Polyploidy for Breeding Banana and Plantain (Musaceae). Strawberry (Plants in the Genus Fragaria). The role of polyploidization and interspecific hybridization in the breeding of ornamental crops. Polyploidy in maize: The impact of homozygosity and hybridity on phenotype. Broadening the genetic basis for crop improvement: Interspecific hybridization within and between ploidy levels in Helianthus. Crop Improvement of Phaseolus spp through Interspecific and Intraspecific Hybridization. Triticale. Polyploidy and Interspecific Hybridization in Cynodon, Paspalum, Pennisetum, and Zoysia. Interploid and Interspecific Hybridization for Kiwifruit Improvement. Oat Improvement and Innovation Using Wild Genetic Resources (Poaceae, Avena spp.): Elevating "Oats" to a New Level and Stature. Interspecific hybridization of chestnut. Use of Polyploids, Interspecific, and Intergeneric Wide Hybrids in Sugar Beet Improvement. Polyploidy in Watermelon. Optimization of recombination in interspecific hybrids to introduce new genetic diversity into oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Interspecific Hybridization for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Improvement.

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Book SynopsisAdenoviruses are double stranded DNA viruses that have been used to study the process of DNA replication. Studies of the mode of action of adenovirally produced tumors in rodents led to the discovery of tumour supressor genes. The adenoviral vector is now the most used vector in clinical gene therapy especially for some kinds of cancers. The chapters in this book focus on the most up-to-date developments in the therapeutic applications of adenoviruses. The intended audience is individuals in the Life Sciences interested in therapeutic applications of adenoviruses. This book reviews the life history and immune responses to adenoviruses and summarizes various therapies implemented with the use of adenoviruses.Table of ContentsAdenovirus Biology: Virus structure and life cycle. Immune responses to adenovirus. Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors for gene and cell therapy. Genetic and capsid modified Adenovirus. Adenovirus for vaccination. FGAd and HDAd. Adenovirus vectors for cancer therapy. Adenovirus-based hybrid vectors. FDA expectations and requirements of adenoviral products.

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Book SynopsisThe global warming problem is becoming critical year by year, causing climate disaster all over the world, where it has been believed that the CO2 gas emitted from the factories and the burning of fossil fuels may be one of the reasons of global warming. Moreover, the global stock of fossil fuels is limited, and may run out soon within several tens of years. Although wind, geo-thermal, and tide energies have been considered as clean energy sources, those depend on the land or sea locations and subject to the climate change. Biofuel and biochemical production from renewable bio-resources has thus been paid recent attention from environmental protection and energy production points of view, where the current chemical and energy producing plants can be also utilized with slight modification. The so-called 1st generation biofuels have been produced from corn starch and sugarcane in particular in USA and Brazil. However, this causes the problem of the Table of ContentsBackground. Pretreatment of biomass. Transport of nutrients and carbon catabolite repression for the selective carbon sources. Catabolite regulation of the main metabolism. Metabolic regulation in response to growth environment. Metabolic engineering for the production of a variety of biofuels and biochemical. Biofuel and biochemical production by photosynthetic organisms. Systems biology approach and modeling. References. Appendix A.

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Book SynopsisThere is a documented link between fetal nutrition and the development of disease risk in adult life. Including the early postnatal period, during which a newborn continues to grow rapidly influenced by environmental factors, suggests that individuals are subject to risks for more than just the fetal period. Fetal and Early Postnatal Programming and its Influence on Adult Health focuses on interrelated aspects of cellular programming related to early nutrition and this potential global health problem.Table of ContentsHistorical Developments and Current Concepts. Historical Origin of David Barker’s Hypothesis on "Fetal Origins of Adult Disease" and Early Observations. The Maternal Resources Hypothesis and Childhood Obesity. Maternal Health and Fetal Programming. Calorie Deficiency and Fetal Programming. Protein Deficiency and Pancreatic Development. Placental Insufficiency (IUGR), Pancreatic Development, and Function. Regulation of GLUT4 in Muscle in IUGR Offspring. Maternal Obesity and Diabetes: Fetal Pancreatic Development. Hypothalamic programming (Non-Primate Model). Alterations in Circadian Rhythm. Role of High Fructose Diet on Fetal Programming. Transgenerational Effects on Programming. Early Postnatal Programming. Overnutrition and Hypothalamic Programming. Modified Milk Formula and Pancreatic Programming Environmental Chemicals. Human Studies on Programming. Maternal Obesity: Fetal Growth and Metabolic Health of the Offspring. Role of Vitamin Insufficiency in Fetal Programming: Pune-India Study. Role of the Immune System. Twin Study. Human Lactation Mother-Child Microbiomes. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Programming. Role of Non-Coding RNA. DNA Methylation. Paternal Health: Role of the Sperm Epigenome. Interventions. Maternal Dietary Modifications (PUFA, vit. D). Dietary Supplements (Nutraceuticals) on Lipid Profile. Antioxidant Supplement and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Dietary and Exercise Interventions.

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Book SynopsisDid you know that one single enzyme impacts your odds of contracting most deadly diseases and health conditions? An enormous body of reputable research into this enzyme has been isolated, ignored, and misunderstood by medical experts. The importance of this enzyme simply cannot be overstated.The Calcium Connection: The Little-Known Enzyme at the Root of Your Cellular Health delivers a clear explanation of this enzyme’s function and outlines the steps you can take to gain optimal enzyme health. The accessible, information-packed format teaches you all about Calcium ATPase: how it works, what happens when it goes awry, and easy, practical methods to bring it back into balance and protect it—and your overall health. Whether you’re a health enthusiast, environmentalist, parent, or just want to be better informed, this book will help you boost your health now and into the future. Brunde Broady recounts her tireless quest to find a cure for her son Knute’s compromised health since being whisked away and kept in ICU after birth. The medical establishment could only help manage his condition, but not diagnose or cure him. Doing her own research and documenting everything Knute ate and his reactions to certain foods, she came across two ubiquitous food additives. Diving deeper, she learned how Calcium ATPase, a fundamental regulator of intercellular calcium, is negatively impacted, not only by these additives, but by a torrent of other inhibitors. Knute’s health is a testament to Brunde’s discoveries, and The Calcium Connection gives readers a front-row seat to understanding how to maintain optimized cellular health.

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Book Synopsis'A stunner ... If you haven't got this book in your house, I don't know why' Chris Evans 'A startling wake-up call . . . Writing with the vim of a Bill Bryson and the technical knowledge of a scientist, Steele gives us a chance to grasp what's at stake' Independent 'An exhilarating journey . . . Steele is a superb guide' Telegraph 'A fascinating read with almost every page bursting with extraordinary facts . . . Read it now' Mail on Sunday Ageless is a guide to the biggest issue we all face. Ageing – not cancer, not heart disease – is the world's leading cause of death and suffering. What would the world be like if we could cure it? Living disease-free until the age of 100 is achievable within our lifetimes. In prose that is lucid and full of fascinating facts, Ageless introduces us to the cutting-edge research that is paving the way for this revolution. Computational biologist Andrew Steele explains what occurs biologically as we age, as well as practical ways we can slow down the process. He reveals how understanding the scientific implications of ageing could lead to the greatest discovery in the history of civilisation – one that has the potential to improve billions of lives, save trillions of dollars, and transform the human condition.Trade ReviewA tour de force of anti-ageing science * The Times *Steele is a superb guide to the wilder fringes of real medicine . . . He understands that ageing is an experience to be lived meaningfully and fully, as well as a fascinating medical problem to be solved. His vision is very tightly controlled . . . I heartily recommend Ageless. It’s modest in scope, and generous in detail. It’s an honest and optimistic contribution * Telegraph *Ambitious and energetic . . . Give[s] a startling round-up of the biological factors that make us age and the emerging techniques to tackle them . . . Writing with the vim of a Bill Bryson and the technical knowledge of a scientist, Steele gives us a chance to grasp what’s at stake in this dazzling, daunting age where big data meets human biology * Independent *Ageless employs a scientific vocabulary – autophagy, amyloids, adducts and countless other specialised terms abound. But the book is nevertheless accessible, its style chatty and engaging . . . This is an enthralling book . . . Ageless is a rich and exciting exploration of that surprisingly intriguing topic we’d rather not talk about: old age * Irish Times *A fascinating read with almost every page bursting with extraordinary facts . . . Steele is not a crank or a snake-oil salesman. He’s not a ‘wellness’ YouTuber. He doesn’t work for Goop. He’s a biologist . . . We can take what he says seriously * Mail on Sunday *There are some incredible revelations in this book. The science is fascinating . . . What Steele says is both revolutionary and important – life-changing in the true sense of the word. His thinking is bold, visionary, utopian * The Herald *A fascinating book delivering an education into the ageing process and an insight into the possibilities of the future -- Tim LovejoyAn immensely important book. Steele surveys the biology of human ageing, as well as the cutting-edge research on how to prevent it. The first person to achieve immortality may already have been born. Is it you?! -- Professor Lewis Dartnell, author of 'Origins'This is an essential book for anyone interested in the fast-developing science of longevity -- Jim Mellon, Chairman of JuvenescenceAgeless is a fascinating, stimulating and pleasingly practical guide to the science of ageing and how we might be able to bend the arrow of biological time to improve our health -- Kat Arney, author of 'Rebel Cell: Cancer, Evolution and the Science of Life'Few issues can be more important for our future than ensuring we age as well as possible. Ageless explains the extraordinary achievements and promise of current scientific research around longevity. Read it and prepare to think differently about your future -- Andrew Scott, Professor of Economics, London Business School and co-author of 'The 100-Year Life'In his book Ageless, Andrew Steele describes how the field of ageing biology moved from hope to promise. This is a masterful roadmap for interested lay people, scientists at large and also geroscientists like myself – I was surprised how much I learned -- Nir Barzilai, founding director of the Institute for Aging Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva UniversityA fascinating look at how scientists are working to help doctors treat not just one disease at a time, but the ageing process itself, helping us all to lead longer, healthier lives -- Sanjay Gupta, Associate Chief of the Neurosurgery Service at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, Associate Professor of Neurosurgery at the Emory University School of Medicine and Chief Medical Correspondent for CNNA rigorous yet enjoyably readable, spellbinding tale -- George Church, Professor of Genetics, Harvard Medical School

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Book Synopsis**Longlisted for the Baillie Gifford Prize 2023**A NEW YORK TIMES, DAILY TELEGRAPH, ECONOMIST, MAIL ON SUNDAY and GUARDIAN BOOK OF THE YEARFrom the dawn of life itself, every being that has ever lived owes its existence to the cell.'Will leave you in awe' GuardianThe discovery of this vital form led to a transformation in medicine but also in our understanding of ourselves - not as bodies or machines but as ecosystems. It has also given us the power to treat a vast array of mortal maladies...and even to create new kinds of human altogether.Rich with stories of scientists, doctors and the patients whose lives may be saved by their work, The Song of the Cell is a stunning ode to the building blocks of life and the cutting-edge science harnessing their power for the better.'Profound...As big a topic as life itself' The Times'Medical magic' Daily Telegraph'Vast...important...optimistic' Mail on SundayTrade ReviewBrilliant ... medical magic ... written with compassionate warmth and humour * Daily Telegraph *Wonderfully ambitious... Cell biology is complex and as big a topic as life itself; I'm not sure a writer could cover it better * The Times *If you are not already in awe of biology, The Song of the Cell might get you there. It is a masterclass * Guardian *Vast, important ... optimistic * Mail on Sunday *Some of the writing in The Song of the Cell is so lovely that you can get caught up in its music * New York Times *A confident, timely - and most importantly, biologically precise - exploration of what it means to be human * Observer *Part mystery, part adventure story, The Song of the Cell is an irresistible foray into the frontiers of medical science [and] a reminder of the power of human ingenuity that is likely to leave readers both enlightened and hopeful. * Jennifer Egan, author of the Pulitzer Prize winning A Visit from the Goon Squad *A passionate, expert guide ... Mukherjee's ambition has once again paid off, creating an encyclopaedic exploration of how we got to this point - and sketching out the questions we must ask about the future * Financial Times *A remarkable achievement - a fascinating and highly readable crash course on the complexities of cellular physiology and of life itself * New Statesman *For anyone who wants to understand the building blocks of their own bodies - which everyone surely should - this is an informative and entertaining introduction * Economist *All of us will get sick at some point. All of us will have loved ones who get sick. To understand what's happening in those moments - and to feel optimistic that things will get better - it helps to know something about cells, the building blocks of life. Mukherjee's latest book will give you that knowledge ... Mukherjee, who's both an oncologist and a Pulitzer Prize-winning author, brings all of his skills to bear in this fantastic book * Bill Gates *Deeply researched, The Song of the Cell is an extraordinary journey through the history of discovery to the most innovative cellular medicine practiced today and the promise of what lies ahead. -- Paul Nurse, Nobel Laureate Physiology or Medicine 2001Audacious...mesmerizing...reliably engaging... Mukherjee enthusiastically instructs and... delights - all the while hustling us across a preposterously vast and intricate landscape * Wall Street Journal *An extraordinarily gifted storyteller... The author's ideas about the near future of medicine are both convincing and inspiring. This is another winner from Mukherjee. * Publishers Weekly, *Starred Review* *A lively, personal, detailed, often moving account of the cell in medical history and its promise in the present * Heromag *A lively, thought-provoking book... Mukherjee comes across not only as a brilliant researcher but also as a deeply empathetic human being * Literary Review *A masterclass in cell function that will leave you in awe of biology -- Suzanne O'Sullivan * Guardian *This complex portrait illuminates cells' roles in immunity, reproduction, sentience, cognition, repair and rejuvenation * Nature *One of the most admired doctors in the world * The Times *A tour d'horizon of cell theory... part history lesson, part biology lesson and part reminder of how science itself actually proceeds * Economist, *Books of the Year* *Brilliant * The Times *This complex portrait illuminates cells' roles in immunity, reproduction, sentience, cognition, repair and rejuvination, malfunctions such as cancer, and treatments such as blood transfusions, drawing on author Siddhartha Mukherjee's varied experience as an immunologist, stem-cell scientist, cancer biologist and medical oncologist * Nature *The book is, at root, a call for a more integrated biology ... What gives The Song of the Cell its persuasiveness in calling for that new vision is precisely that it comes from a clinician steeped in the traditions of genomic and cell biology, and who has seen both the power and limitations of those approaches to produce actual cures * Lancet *What truly elevates the book are Mukherjee's accounts of his experiences as a clinician and the stories of the patients he has encountered. Some are moving, and all are reflective and insightful * Philip Ball, Lancet *

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Book SynopsisChemical sensor is a self-contained analytical device that can provide information about the chemical composition of its environment, that is, a liquid or gas phase. Chapter One attempts to integrate past and current models of oxygen sensing and review their evolutionary importance as they relate to adaptations within the oxygen transport cascade. Chapter Two reports on improved electrochemical performances such as higher sensitivity, limit of detection; linear dynamic range, response time, and long-term stability towards hydrasine that were achieved using the modified chemical sensor. Chapter Three is a précis of modern olfactometer techniques across research disciplines in order to collate their growing complexity and utility.

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Book SynopsisApart from the short-range interactions mediated by diffusion, long-scale interactions are indispensable for giant plant cells including internodal cells of Characeae because the inefficiency of diffusion for millimeter- and centimeter-scale distances should be counterbalanced by other mechanisms to ensure the integrity of cell metabolism. In this collection, the authors begin by presenting one approach for studying the cyclosis-mediated transmission of regulatory signals along the characean internode by illuminating a cell part with a narrow light beam and to observe the changes of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence occurring in response to this photostimulus at a fixed distance on the downstream side of the light spot. Following this, the features and characters of various chloroplast genomes that could be retrieved solely from the analysis of triplet composition were studied. Two types of triplet dictionaries were developed: the former lists all the triplets (with overlapping), so that each nucleotide yields a start for a triplet, and the latter is the entity where triplets do not overlap but also have no gaps between them. The authors go on to describe the effects of cytoplasm on the expression of cytoplasmic male sterility and other agronomically valuable traits in the grain sorghum and sorghum × Sudan grass hybrids, as well as on the combining ability for these traits. It is hypothesized that the cytoplasm, being a buffer between the external environment and the nuclear genome, processes environmental signals and thus has a significant effect on the manifestation of nuclear-encoded traits. A nonlocal strain gradient beam model is developed including the both hardening-stiffness and softening-stiffness size effects in conjunction with the geometrical nonlinearity in the concluding study. Via the variational approach, the governing differential equations are constructed corresponding to each nonlinear mechanical behavior of the lipid micro/nano-tubule surrounded by the cytoplasm biomedium.

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Book SynopsisCD34+ pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generally involved in all aspects of the human system as well as in the stem cell therapeutic strategies, as in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This book deals with several original research articles on HSC proliferation and containment. Lineage directed differentiation of HSCs and use of easily available herbal extracts for greatly increased proliferation into erythrocytes to treat thrombocytopenia are herein reported.HSCs respond to the growth factors and the herbal medicine is a welcome substitute with lack of known side effects for treatment purposes. However molecular mechanisms as in signal transduction are more easily deciphered than those derived from the herbs which may well be taken up for future studies. Mutations in the signal transduction genes such as JAK-2 have been shown to cause dysregulation of the CD34+ cell differentiation causing erythrocytosis, which is the reverse of thrombocytopenia, both of which are undesirable clinical consequences! Erythrocytes have been shown to date back to ancient tissues from the fossils.

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Book Synopsisβ-galactosidase is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of the lactose β-1,4 linkage into α-D-glucose and β-D-galactose. β-galactosidase is found in plants, animals and microorganisms. In Beta-Galactosidase: Properties, Structure and Functions, the authors discuss the main microorganisms that produce β-galactosidase, the characteristics of the culture media, bioprocessing parameters, the most relevant downstream steps used in the recovery of microbial β-galactosidase, as well as the main immobilisation techniques. Next, this compilation examines β-galactosidases classification, mechanisms, characterization and applications. Recent advances in galacto-oligosaccharides production and purification are also covered, and different challenges and future perspectives are discussed. In the closing study, strains with β-Galactosidase activity were isolated from 25 Yak Yoghourt samples collected from the Gannan pasturing area of Gansu Province. An efficient β-galactosidase producing strain SYA2 screened out from 21 strains was identified as Enterobacter sp. by means of morphological feature observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics measurement, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/beta-galactosidase-properties-structure-and-functions/

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Book SynopsisMitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs): Activation, Functions and Regulation opens with a summary of the present knowledge about MAPK, with special emphasis on p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The authors focus on how these signaling pathways are engaged during some infections with intracellular parasites. The authors also describe selected regulatory aspects of circadian clocks in vertebrates, exploring an intriguing link to MAPK. Circadian clocks are time-tracking systems that provide organisms with a survival advantage. Cadmium, one of the toxic metals, is an important occupational and environmental pollutant that damages various organs, especially the kidney. The concluding study proposes that the type of kidney cell and severity of cadmium-induced cellular stress appear to determine the effect of MAPK on cell fate.

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Book SynopsisThe book provides a broad overview of an important biological system -- 'cell membrane'. The cell is the powerhouse where processes of life are controlled. Cell membranes consist of lipid bilayers that make biological boundaries. The bilayer participates in determining most of the cell-based uptakes of materials, exchanging of information between both sides and ensuring helping vital biological processes to continue. We have focused specifically on an understanding of various aspects of lipid membrane bilayers. The book is focused on a detailed description of the diverse mechanisms and phenomena associated with membranes. Lipid bilayers exist in various parts of the cell, namely, across the plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane, and nuclear membrane. While exploring lipid bilayers we shall, therefore, need to consider structures and functions of various sections of biological cells. Besides spectroscopic observations and electrical measurements of membrane bilayers, we address here the phenomena of coexistence and independent existence of different membrane components using various theoretical and experimental methodologies popularly used in biology, physics, mathematics, chemistry, biomedical engineering, and general medical sciences. The focus has been made on explaining diverse mechanisms that play crucial roles in molecular level in the construction of lipid bilayers and maintaining the relevant biological functions. This book will be helpful for readers who want to understand biological processes by applying both simple observations and fundamental scientific analysis. It provides a deep understanding of the causes and effects of molecular processes inside lipid bilayer membranes. A group of eminent scientists from around the globe contributed chapters focusing on different aspects. Each chapter may be found to present an individual topic and elaborate on a specific problem. But the chapters altogether have covered most of the basic aspects relevant to the title of the book. The book will be a vital reference for scientific understanding of lipid bilayers.Table of ContentsPrefaceFundamentals of Plasma, Nuclear and Mitochondrial Lipid MembranesMechanical Stresses in the Lipid Bilayer of Erythrocyte MembranesThe Role of the Lipid Bilayer in the Erythrocyte Membrane Structural ChangesMicrobial-Derived Bioactive Lipopeptides: Pore-Forming Metabolites in Lipid BilayersColchicine Induced Ion Channel Formation into Membranes as a Mechanism behind Chemotherapy Drug Cytotoxicity of Cancer CellsMolecular Stability Analysis of Reverse Micelles Role in Breast Cancer Drug Delivery and It's Dynamics and Simulation StudiesIndex.

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Book SynopsisA Closer Look at Fibroblasts first summarizes the molecular mechanisms of fibroblasts induced by photobiomodulation, reviewing current therapeutic approaches. Photobiomodulation, previously called low intensity laser irradiation, is a safe and efficient mechanism used to stimulate a positive response through absorbed light or light emitting diodes, and to reduce pain and inflammation promoting healing of the wound area. Following this, the authors demonstrate the importance of fibroblasts in the process of development and progression of ovarian cancer, helping to establish new therapeutic management targeted towards cancer-associated fibroblasts. In the penultimate study, the effects of the combination of andiroba, copaíba and guarana in the form of biphasic oil and emulsion is examined in the context of wound healing. The concluding study focuses on the implications of the previously mentioned guarana in the context of skin aging and the oxy-inflammatory metabolism.Table of ContentsPreface; Molecular Mechanism of Photobiomodulation Associated with Fibroblasts; The Role of Fibroblasts in Ovarian Cancer; Analysis of the Effect of an Andiroba, Copaíba and Guaraná Combination on in Vitro and in Vivo Scar Models; Laser Therapy Associated With Guaraná as a Therapeutic Alternative on the Skin of Oxy-Inflammatory Metabolism; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the essential information necessary for students and scientists in the life and health sciences and chemistry of biologically active substances. The book adopts a readable, friendly style that helps introduce the reader to this fascinating and exciting world of hormones. This book is devoted to highlight the recent progress on the extraction, analysis, physico-chemical properties and the use of hormones. Much attention is paid in several chapters to steroid hormones, which play an important role in human biochemistry. Information on phytohormones and hormones in mushrooms is also original. The book presents revolutionary results in clinical trials of hormones, comparative genomic analysis, and the use of these substances as a tool for biosynthesis. The logic of the whole book is subordinated to the scheme "presence in living organisms -- identification and analysis -- properties -- application and safety" of hormones. It also includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world on various topics related to the study of biologically active substances. Through it, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field. Altogether, presented in an organized, concise, and simple-to-use format, "A Closer Look at Hormones" allows quick access to the most frequently used data.

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Book SynopsisThe main function of the Leydig cells is to synthesize testosterone, but growing evidence supports the idea that Leydig cells are important in regulating the testicular immune environment. As such, Leydig Cells: Structure, Functions and Clinical Aspects discusses Leydig cells serving as immunological sentinels in the testis. Next, the authors explore the commercially available immortalized Leydig cell lines (TM3, R2C, MA-10 and MLTC-1) derived from rat or mouse and the results of studies using these cells. Additionally, the effects of the most commonly used environmental contaminants on Leydig cell function are discussed in the context of the impaired of steroidogenic pathway. The results of several studies are presented which demonstrate that lycopene supplementation improves and maintaines the normal level of testosterone by improving the expression of StAR protein and steroidogenic enzymes in the Leydig cells of polychlorinated biphenyl exposed rats.Table of ContentsPrefaceImmunological Function of Leydig CellsLeydig Cell Lines: In Vitro Models for Testosterone BiosynthesisThe Role of Environmental Contaminants in Leydig Cell SteroidogenesisEffect of Endocrine Disruptors (PCBs/DEHP) on Testicular Leydig Cells in Adult and f1 Male Offspring RatsBibliographyIndex.

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Book SynopsisSodiumpotassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) is an enzyme located in the plasma membrane of most eukaryotic cells, responsible for maintaining ion concentration gradients against their concentration scale using ATP hydrolysis as a source of energy. The enzyme is involved in many cellular activities, including maintaining cell volume, transporting nutrition, electrical potential, neurotransmission, and any dysfunction or modification of enzyme activity is directly linked to many diseases, such as epilepsy, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, diabetes and other metabolic disorders, digoxin toxicity, fetal abnormalities, neurological disorders, and pulmonary conditions. In this book, the authors present current research on regulation strategies, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase as a biomarker in diseased states, and the use of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in the physiological and ecological adaptations of insects. Other topics discussed in this compilation include the effects of hormonal and non-hormonal stimulation on Na+/K+-ATPase activity, the physiology and pathophysiology of Na+/K+-ATPase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase as a biomarker for energy metabolism and oxidative stress in diseased states, the neurotensin inhibitory effects of [3H]-Ouabain binding to striatal membranes and inversion by administration of clozapine, and Na+/K+-ATPases important functional roles in human body.Table of ContentsPreface; Effect of Glutathionlyation, Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Stimulation on Na+/K+-ATPases Activity; Physiology and Pathophysiology of Na+/K+-ATPase; Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase as a Biomarker for Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Diseased States; Neurotensin Inhibitory Effect on [3H]-Ouabain Binding to Striatal Membranes Is Inverted by Administration of Clozapine; Na+/K+-ATPase: Important Functional Roles in the Human Body; Role of Na+/K+-ATPases in the Physiological and Ecological Adaptations of Insects; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition offers a clear and through examination of the most recent results of thirty years of research on calcium-activated-neutral protease (CANP or Calpain). Coverage includes the implications of the recently gained ability to produce functionally active recombinant calpain in various human disorders such as cerebal ischemia, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, cataract formation, myocardial infarction, and Alzheimer's disease. The resulting research to find more selective calpain inhibitors is also discussed. With a copy of Calpain: Pharmacology and Toxicology of Calcium Dependent Protease you will better understand why the calpain research area is such an exciting and promising one.Table of Contents1. The Calpain Super Family Yasuko Ono, Hiroyuki Sorimachi and Koichi Suzuki 2. Structure of Calpastian and its Inhibitory Control of Calpain Emiko Takano and Masatoshi Maki 3. The Expression of Calpain in Bacteria and in Insect Cells John Elce 4. Structure and Assembly of the Calcium-Binding Domains of Calpain Sthanam Narayana, John Elce, Debashish Chattopadhyay, Guang-da Lin, Mike Carson, Helen Blanchard, Pawel Grochulski and Miroslaw Cygler 5. Calpain Substrates, Assay Methods, Regulation, and its Inhibitory Agents Kevin Wang and Po-wai Yuen 6. Calpain In Signal Transduction John Fox and Takaomi Saido 7. The Calpain System in Muscle Tissue Ahmed Ouali and Rong-Ghi Chou 8. Involvement of Calpains in Cell Cycle G-1 - to S-Phase Progression Ronald Mellgren, Wenli Zhang, Qin Lu and Richard Lane 9. Calpain in Excitotoxicity, Cerebral Ischemia and Neuronal Apoptosis Kevin Wang, Po-wai Yuen and Kevin Lee 10. The Contribution of Calpain Proteolysis to Neuronal Death Following Traumatic Brain Injury Ronald Hayes, Andreas Kampfl and Rand Posmantur 11. The Pathophysiological Role of Calpain in Spinal Cord Injury Naren Banik, Donald Shields, Swapan Ray and Edward Hogan 12. Calpain-Mediated Proteolysis of Neuronal Structural Proteins Rodney Guttmann and Gail Johnson 13. Calpain and Cerebrovascular Injury Sung-Don Kang, Adam Arthur, Elisa Beres, Andrea Fergus, Chris Boals, Murad Bavbek and Kevin Lee 14. Calpains in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease Ralph Nixon and Panaiyur Mohan 15. Calpain and Apoptosis in the Immune System Margaret Squier and J. John Cohen 16. The Role of Calpain in Renal Proximal Tubular and Hepatocyte Injury Charles Edelstein and Robert Schrier 17. Calpains in the Lens of the Eye Thomas Shearer, Hong Ma, M.Shih, Chiho Fukiage and Mitsoyoshi Azuma 18. Calpain Activation and Expression in Toxicant Injury Susan Starcevic and Raymond Novak 19. Calpain 3 (p94) in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A Isabelle Richard, Jacques Beckmann and Michael Fardeau 20. Genetic Analysis of Calpain Isoform Function in Skeletal Muscle: New Stratagies to Study Protease Function Bor-rung Ou, Jing Huang, Neil Forsberg, Mohammad Ilian and Dong-hyun Hong 21. Crustacean Calcium-Dependent Proteinases Jill Beyette and Donald Mykles 22. Calpains in Drosophila and Mammals: Structure and Implications in Neuronal Function Peter Friedrich, Peter Tompa and Gaspar Jekely. Azuma, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Japan, Naren Banik, Medical University of South Carolina, USA, Murad Bavbek, University of Virginia, USA, Jacques Beckmann, CNRS URA 1922, France, Elisa Beres, University of Virginia, USA, Jill Beyette, University of Cincinnati, USA, Helen Blanchard, National Research Council, Canada, Chris Boals, University of Virginia, USA, Mike Carson, University of Alabama, USA, Debasish Chattapadhyay, University of Alabama, USA, Rong-Ghi Chou, National Chia-Yi Institute of Agriculture, China, J. John Cohen, University of Colordo Health Sciences Centre, USA, Miroslaw Cygler, National Research Council, Canada, Charles Edelstein, University of Colorado, USA, John Elce, Queens University, Canada, Michel Fardeau, Hospital Salpetiere, Andrea Fergus, University of Virginia, USA, Neil Forsberg, Oregon State University, USA, Joan Fox, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, USA, Peter Friedrich, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Chiho Fukiage, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Japan, Darrell Goll, University of Arizona, USA, Pawel Grochulski, National Research Council, Canada, Rodney Guttmann, University of Alabama, USA, Ronald Hayes, University of Texas - Houstan Health Centre, USA, Edward Hogan, Medical University of South Carolina, USA, Dong-hyun Hong, University of Toronto, Canada, Jing Huang, Oregon State University, USA, Mohammad Ilian, Lincoln University, Gaspar Jekely, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Gail Johnson, University of Alabama, USA, Andreas Kamfl, University of Insbruck, Austria, Sung-Don Kang, University of Virginia, USA, Richard Lane, Medical College of Ohio, USA, Kevin Lee, University of Virginia, USA, Guang-da Lin, University of Alabama, USA, Qin Lu, Medical College of Ohio, USA, Hong Ma, Oregon State University, USA, Masatoshi Maki, Nagoya University, Japan, Ronald Mellgren, Medical College of Ohio, USA, Panaiyur Mohan, New York University Medical Centre, USA, Donald Mykles, Colorado State University, USA, Sthanam Narayana, University of Alabama, USA, Ralph Nixon, New York University Medical Centre, USA, Raymond Novak, Wayne State University, USA, Yasuko Ono, University of Tokyo, Japan, Ahmed Ouali, Station de Recherches sur la Viade, France, Bor-rung Ou, Tunghai University, China, Rand M. Posmantur, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, USA, Swapan Ray, Medical University of South Carolina, USA, Isabelle Richard, CNRS URA 1922, France, Takaomi Saido, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan, Robert Schrier, University of Colorado, USA, Thomas Shearer, Oregon Health Sciences University, USA, Donald Shields, Medical University of South Carolina, M. Shih, Oregon Health Sciences University, USA, Hiroyuki Sorimachi, University of Tokyo, Japan, Margaret Squier, University of Colorado Health Sciences Centre, USA, Susan Starcevic, Wayne State University, USA, Koichi Suzuki, University of Tokyo, Japan, Emiko Takanao, Kyoto National Hospital, Japan, Richard Taylor, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France, Valery Thompson, University of Arizona, USA, Peter Tompa, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Kevin Wang, Warner Lambert Company, USA, Po-wai Yuen, Warner Lambert Company, USA, Wenli Zhang, Cornell University Medical College.

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Book SynopsisTight junction proteins connect epithelial and endothelial cells and, importantly, form selective barriers and channels for paracellular transportation. Two types of tight junction proteins—the claudin family (claudins-1 to -27) and the TAMP family (occludin, Marvel-D2, and tricellulin)—can be distinguished molecularly and functionally. Recent work has focused on delineating the functional significance of differences in selective permeability, for example, by examining the regulatory mechanisms of tight junctions. This work is of great clinical importance as many inflammatory or infectious diseases are characterized by increased permeability and the manipulation of tight junctions presents a new horizon in the development of novel therapeutics. The volume Barriers and Channels Formed by Tight Junction Proteins II provides a detailed look at the recent advances in our understanding of tight junction regulation and dysregulation. The papers included focus on three major themes: inflammation and gastrointestinal function; epithelial transport, barrier modulation, and food components; and tight junctions in intestinal and renal epithelia. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For more information on instutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632 ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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Book SynopsisLipids play an essential role in cell signaling and subcellular structure. Systematic analysis of the total lipid structure of a cell or organism, the lipodome, can reveal novel avenues of therapeutic intervention and diagnosis. This analysis is best modeled after the lessons learned from proteomics. With contributions from pioneering researchers from the US, Europe, Canada, Japan, and China, Functional Lipidomics introduces lipidomics, explores the current state of the field, and provides a comprehensive background for future groundbreaking work in this burgeoning field.The first book dedicated to the topic, Functional Lipidomics first defines and introduces the field before delving deeply into the methods, processes, analyses, and research aspects. The book uncovers the biosynthesis, metabolism, and function of fatty acids, acylglyerols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, terpenes, and lipids that complex with proteins. Taking both academic and industrial perspectives, the contributors elaborate upon cutting-edge approaches to lipid analysis, diagnostic approaches using lipid and lipid-binding protein patterns, and the therapeutic significance of targeting proteins involved with the lipid signaling pathway. Functional Lipidomics elucidates state-of-the-art strategies and techniques that enable us to understand biochemical patterns related to disease states, develop new targets for drug design, and identify important markers of a developmental stage, pathological condition, or disease treatment.Table of ContentsThe LIPID MAPS Approach to Lipidomics. LC/MS Methodology in Lipid Analysis and Structural Characterization of Novel Lipid Species. Functional Plasticity of Lipid Mediators: The Example of Endocannabinoids. Eicosanoid Lipidomics. Functional Lipidomics: Lysophosphatidic Acid as a Target for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy of Ovarian Cancer. Analysis of Lysophospholipids in Human Body Fluids: Comparison of the Lysophospholipid Content in Malignant vs. Nonmalignant Diseases. Functional Lipidomics: Lessons and Examples from the Sphingolipids. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Analysis of Sphingolipids. Methods of Probing Phosphoinositides–Protein Interactions. Fishing for Pharmaceutically Relevant phosphoinositide-Binding Proteins Using Chemical Proteomics. Phosphoinositide Profiling in Complex Lipid Mixtures. Multiplexed Lipid Arrays of Antiimmunoglobulin M–Induced Changes in the Glycerophospholipid Composition of WEHI-231 Cells. Specific Lipid Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes: Shotgun Global Cellular Lipidome Analyses by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Intrasource Separation. High-Throughput Lipid Profiling to Identify and Characterize Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism, Signaling, and Stress Response.

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Book SynopsisThis book outlines some fields of cell diagnostics applied to allelopathy with several chapters devoted to cellular model systems for allelopathy, new methods of microscopy in cellular diagnostics and methods of analytical biochemistry and biophysics.Table of ContentsCellular Model Systems . Allelopathy and Plant Cell Diagnostics: S.S. Narwal and V.V. Roshchina . Cellular Models as Biosensors: V.V. Roshchina . Microalgae for Determing the Effects of Allelochemicals: Claudia Ciniglia et al. . Bryophytes to Test Allelochemicals in vitro: Simonetta Giordano; New Methods of Microscopy in Cellular Diagnostics . Microscopic Methods to Study Morpho-cytological Events during the Seed Germination: Giovanni Aliotta et al. . Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Microscopy to Monitor Water Absorption: V.V. Sapozhnikova et al. . Optical Coherence Microscopy: Study of Plant Secretory Structures: V.V. Roshchina et al. . Laser-scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM): Study of Plant Secretory Cell: V.V. Roshchina et al. . Luminescent Cell Analysis in Allelopathy: V.V. Roshchina; Methods of Analytical Biochemistry and Biophysics . Biochemical Approach to Study Oxidative Damage in Plants Exposed to Allelochemical Stress: A Case Study: Rocio Cruz-Ortega and Ana Luisa Anay

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Book SynopsisThis book summarizes information on autofluorescence of plant secretory cells as a phenomenon and the possibilities of the practical use of light emission by cell biologists, biophysists, biochemists, botanists and ecologists.Table of ContentsAutofluorescence of Secretory Cells as a Phenomenon: Secretory Cells; Technique for the Study of Secretory Cell's Autofluorescence; Characteristics of Fluorescing Secretory Cells Autofluorescence of Specialized Secretory Cells: Secretory Cells in Spore-breeding Plants; Secretory Cell of Seed-breeding Plants Fluorescence of Secretions and their Individual Components: Spectral Analysis of Excretions and Extracts from Secretory Structures; Fluorescent Substances of Secretions Autofluorescence of Secretory Cells During their Development: Development of Unicellular Systems; Development of Complex Secretory Structures Fluorescence of Living Cells at Intercellular Contacts: Pollen-pistil Interactions. Contacts at the Fertilization; Interactions at the Allelopathy. Contacts between Cells from Different Plant Species Autofluorescence in Cellular Diagnostics: Express-microanalysis of the State and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites; Cell Viability and Compatibility; Autofluorescence in Diagnostics of Cellular Damage; Diagnostics of Cellular Processes on the Fluorescing Cellular Models; Fluorescence of Cells as Biosensors Bioindicator Reactions; Cytodiagnostics in Botanical Investigation and Education Individual Components of Secretions as Fluorescence Dyes and Probes: Interactions of Cells with Fluorescent Components of Secretions; Possible Mechanisms of the Emission of the Secretory Products at the Interaction with Living Cells

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Book SynopsisProtein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is just one aspect of the general cell biology topic of intracellular protein sorting. This larger picture also includes protein transport into other organelles of the eukaryotic cell (chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus, peroxisomes), protein export from bacteria, vesicular transport that delivers to its final destination most of what has been transported into the ER, and protein export from the ER that is associated with protein degradation (termed ERAD). Over the years, protein transport into the ER also has become part of the quest to understand the various roles of molecular chaperones under non-stress conditions and of the ribosomal tunnel exit as the decisive site for molecular triage of nascent polypeptide chains.Table of ContentsPreface 1. Post-Targeting Function s of Signal Peptides 2 . mRNA Translation on the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Kinetic Advantages to Protein Synthesis on the E R .3. Translocon Organization in Cells 4 . Structure of the Sec61 – Complex 5. Sec C o m p lex es in the Yeast ER 6. The Role of BiP and Its Co -Chaperones 7 Membrane Protein Biosynthesis at the Endoplasmic Reticulum 8 . Membrane Insertion of Tail-Anchored Proteins. 9. Human Pathologies of Protein Transport into the Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Book SynopsisSince the publication of the bestselling second edition of John Walker’s widely acclaimed Protein Protocols Handbook, there have been continual methodological developments in the field of protein chemistry. This greatly enhanced third edition introduces 57 critically important new chapters, as well as significantly updating the previous edition's tried-and-true methods. Although the timely new chapters are spread throughout all of the book, the vital section on post-translational modifications has been expanded most to reflect the increasing importance of these modifications in the understanding of protein function. Each readily reproducible method follows the highly praised format of the Methods in Molecular Biology™ series, offering a concise summary of its basic theory, a complete materials list, a step-by-step protocol for its successful execution, and extensive notes on avoiding pitfalls, or on modifying the method to function within your own experimental circumstances. The expert authors of each chapter have demonstrated a hands-on mastery of the methods described, fine-tuned here for optimal productivity. Comprehensive, cutting-edge, and highly practical, The Protein Protocols Handbook, Third Edition is today's indispensable benchtop manual and guide, not only for all those new to the protein chemistry laboratory, but also for those established workers seeking to broaden their armamentarium of techniques in the urgent search for rapid and robust resultsTable of ContentsPart I : QUANTITATION OF PROTEINS 1. Protein Determination by UV Absorption A. Aitken and M.P. Learmonth 2. The Lowry Method for Protein Quantitation J. H. Waterborg 3 The Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Assay for Protein Quantitation J.M. Walker 4 The Bradford Method for Protein Quantitation N.Kruger 5. Ultrafast Protein Determinations Using Microwave Enhancement R. Akins and R. S. Tuan 6. The Nitric Acid Methods for Protein Estimation in Biological Samples S.A. Boerner, Y.K. Lee, S.H. Kaufmann and K. Bible 7. Quantitation of Tryptophan in Proteins A. Aitken and M.P. Learmonth 8. Kinetic Silver Staining of Proteins D. D. Root and K. Wang 9. Quantitation of cellular proteins by flow cytometry T. D. Friedrich , F.A. Ray, R.L. Smith and J. M. Lehman 10. Quantitation of cellular proteins by laser scanning cytometry T.D. Friedrich, R.L.Smith and J.M. Lehman Part II : ELECTROPHORESIS OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES AND DETECTION IN GELS 11 Protein Solubility in 2D Electrophoresis: Basic principles and issues T.Rabilloud 12 Mouse and Human Tissues Sample Preparation for 2-D Electrophoresis C. Zabel and J. Klose 13 Plant Protein sample preparation for 2DE S. Carpentier , R.Swennen and B. Panis 14 Preparation of bacterial samples for 2-D PAGE. B. Vandahl, G. Christiansen and S. Birkelund 15 Preparation of bodily fluids for 2-D PAGE Sullivan, H.Brzeski, J. Ganesalingam, and M. Mayr 16 Immunoaffinity Depletion of high abundance plasma and serum proteins L.A. Echan and D. Speicher 17 Preparation of Yeast samples for 2D PAGE J. Norbeck 18 Membrane Protein Preparation Using Aqueous Polymer Two Phase Systems J. Schindler and H-G Nothwang 19 Subcellular fractionation of small sample amounts H.G Nothwang, I. Guillemin and J. Schindler 20. Nondenaturing Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins J.M. Walker 21 SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins J.M. Walker 22 Gradient SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins J.M. Walker 23. SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Peptides R. C. Judd 24 Blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) Elke A. Dian, J. Rassow and Christian Motz 25 Separation of proteins by gel electrophoresis in the Tris-Taurine-HCl system S.Luche, M. Chevallet C. Lelong and T. Rabilloud 26 Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Discontinuous Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins: M -Based Separation of Proteins with Retained Native Activity R.E. Akins and R. S. Tuan 27 Acetic Acid-Urea Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Basic Proteins J. H. Waterborg 28 Acid-Urea-Triton Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Histones J. H. Waterborg 29 Isoelectric Focusing of Proteins in Ultra-Thin Polyacrylamide Gels J. M. Walker 30 Serial immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing over pH 4-9 S.Poznanovic, W. Wozny, H. Zengerling, G.P. Schwall and M. A. Cahill 31. Radiolabelling of Eukaryotic Cells and Subsequent Preparation for 2-D < N. Bizios 32 Two-Dimensional PAGE Using Carrier Ampholyte pH Gradients in the First Dimension P.Gravel 33 Vertical agarose electrophoresis and electroblotting of high molecular weight proteins M. Greaser and C.M. Warren 34 2D PAGE of high molecular weight proteins M. Oh-Ishi and T.Maeda 35 Casting immobilised pH gradients E. Gianazza 36 Nonequilibrium pH Gel Electrophoresis J. Carroll 37 Microchip capillary electrophoresis B.A. Fogarty, N.A.Lacher and S.M. Lunte 38 Protein Separations in Microfluidic Chips A. Chow and B.Fathollahi 39 Difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) D. Friedman and K.S. Lilley 40 Comparing 2-D Electrophoresis Gels Across Internet Databases P. Lemkin, G.C.Thornwall, and J.A. Evans 41 Quantification of Radiolabeled Proteins in Polyacrylamide Gels 25.4.07 W.R. Springer 42 Differential ProteoTope radioactive quantification of protein abundance ratios W.Wozny, G.P.Schwall, C.S. Sastri, S.Poznanovic, W. Stegmann, Hunzinger, K. Groebe and M.A. Cahill 43 Quantitation of Proteins on Polyacrylamide Gels J. Smith 44 Using SDS-PAGE and scanning laser densitometry to measure proteins Aaron P. Miles and A. Saul 45 Rapid and Sensitive Staining of Unfixed Proteins in Polyacrylamide Gels with Nile Red J-R. Daban, S. B.A. Bermudez amd F.J. Alba 46 Zinc reverse staining technique C. Fernandez-Patron 47 Protein Staining with Calconcarboxylic Acid in Polyacrylamide Gels Wei-Tao Cong, Sun-Young Hwang, Li-Tai Jin and Jung-Kap Choi 48 Detection of Proteins in Polyacrylamide Gels by Silver Staining M. J. Dunn 49 Background-free Protein Detection on Polyacrylamide Gels and on Electroblots Using Transition Metal Chelate Stains W.F. Patton 50 Detection of Proteins in Polyacrylamide Gels by Fluorescent Staining M. J. Dunn 51 Detection of Glycoproteins in Gels and Blots Nicolle Packer, Malcolm S Ball, Peter L Devine, and Wayne F Patton 52 Staining of Glycoproteins/Proteoglycans on SDS-Gels H.J. Møller and J.H. Poulsen 53. Detection of Proteins and Sialoglycoproteins in Polyacrylamide Gels Using Eosin X stain F. Lin & G. Wise 54 Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein staining G.K. Agrawal and J.J. Thelen 55. Electroelution of Proteins from Polyacrylamide Gels P. Jenö and Martin Horst 56 Autoradiography and Fluorography of Acrylamide Gels A. Circolo and S. Gulati 57 Proteolytic Activity Detection by Two-Dimensional Zymography J.Wilkesman Part III : BLOTTING AND DETECTION METHODS 58. Protein Blotting by Electroblotting M. Page and R.Thorpe 59. Protein Blotting by the Semi-dry Method P. Gravel 60. Protein Blotting by the Capillary Method J.M. Walker 61. Western Blotting of basic proteins electrophoretically resolved on acid-urea-Triton-polyacrylamide gels G.P. Delcuve and J. R. Davie 62 Immunoblotting of 2-DE Separated Proteins Magi and L Bianchi 63 High efficiency blotting of high-molecular weight proteins M. Greaser and D.R. Swartz 64. Alkaline Phosphatase Labeling of IgG Antibody G. B.Wisdom 65. b-Galactosidase Labeling of IgG Antibody G. B. Wisdom 66. Horseradish Peroxidase Labeling of IgG Antibody G. B. Wisdom 67. Digoxigenin (DIG) Labelling of IgG Antibody G. B. Wisdom 68. Conjugation of fluorochromes to antibodies S-Y. Mao 69. Coupling of Antibodies with Biotin R.P. Haugland and Wendy W. You 70. Preparation of Avidin Conjugates R.P. Haugland and M.K. Bhalgat 71. MDPF Staining of Proteins on Western Blots F. Alba and J.R. Daban 72. Copper Iodided Staining of Proteins and its silver enhancement D. D. Root and K. Wang 73. Detection of Proteins on Blots using Direct Blue 71 Wei-Tao Cong, Sun-Young Hwang, Li-Tai Jin and Jung-Kap Choi 74 Detection of proteins on Western blots using colorimetric and radiometric vusialization of Secondary Ligands N. J. Kruger 75. Identification of Glycoproteins on Nitrocellulose Membranes Using Lectin Blotting P. Gravel 76. A Sensitive Method to Quantitatively Detect Total Protein on Membranes after Electrophoretic Transfer Using Avidin- or Streptavidin-Biotin W.J. LaRochelle 77. Detection and Quantification of Proteins on Immunoblots using Enhanced Chemiluminescence J. Young 78 Reutilization of Western Blots After Chemiluminescent Detection or Autoradiography S. Kaufmann 79 The use of quantum dot luminescent probes for Western blot analysis S. Makrides, C. Gasbarro and J.M.Bello 80 The use of infrared fluorescent dyes in quantitative immunoblotting C-H Yang, C. Kasbek, and H. A. Fisk 81 The use of infrared fluorescent dyes in immunofluorescence microscopy C. Kasbek, C-H Yang and H. A. Fisk Part IV : CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDE PRODUCTION, PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION 82 Carboxymethylation of Cysteine Using Iodoacetamide/Iodoacetic Acid A. Aitken and Michele Learmonth 83 Performic Acid Oxidation A. Aitken and Michele Learmonth 84 Succinylation of Protein A. Aitken and Michele Learmonth 85 Pyridylethylation of Cysteine Residues M. Ward 86. Side-Chain Selective Chemical Modifications of Proteins D. S. Tawfik 87 Nitration of Tyrosines D. S. Tawfik 88 Ethoxyformylation of Histidine D. S. Tawfik 89 Modification of Arginine Side Chains with p-Hydroxyphenylglyoxal D. S. Tawfik 90 Amidination of Carboxyl Groups D. S. Tawfik 91 Amidination of Lysine Side Chains D.S. Tawfik 92 Modification of tryptophan with 2-Hydroxy-5-Nitrogenzylbromide D. S. Tawfik 93. Modification of Sulhydryl Groups with DTNB D. S. Tawfik 94 Chemical Cleavage of Proteins at Methionyl-X Peptide Bonds B.J. Smith 95 Chemical Cleavage of Proteins at Tryptophanyl-X Peptide Bonds B. J. Smith 96 Chemical Cleavage of Proteins at Aspartyl-X Peptide Bonds B. J.Smith 97 Chemical Cleavage of Proteins at Cysteinyl-X Peptide Bonds B. J. Smith 98 Chemical Cleavage of Proteins at Asparaginyl-Glycyl Peptide Bonds B.J. Smith 99 Enzymatic Digestion of Proteins in Solution and in SDS Polyacrylamide Gels K.L. Stone, E.E.Gulcicek and K.R. Williams 100 On-PVDF protein digestions for N-terminal sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting Victoria Pham, William Henzel & Jennie R Lill 101 Enzymatic Digestion of Proteins on PVDF membranes J. Fernandez and S. Mische 102 Reverse Phase HPLC Separation of Enzymatic Digests of Proteins K.L. Stone and K.R. Williams 103 Peptide Mapping by Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Electrophoresis-Thin-Layer Chromatography R. C. Judd 104 Peptide Mapping by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis R. C. Judd 105 Peptide Mapping by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography P. Højrup 106 Production of Protein Hydrolysates Using Enzymes J. M. Walker and P. J. Sweeney 107 Amino Acid Analysis by Precolumn Derivatization with 1- Fluoro-2,4-Dinitrophenyl-5-L-Alanine Amide (Marfey’s Reagent) S. Kochhar and P. Christen 108 Amino acid analysis in protein hydrolysates using anion exchange chromatography and IPAD detection P. Jandik, Jun Cheng and N. Avdalovic 109 Validation of amino acid analysis A. Reason 110 Molecular Weight Estimation for Native Proteins Using High-Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography G. B. Irvine 111 Detection of Disulfide-Linked Peptides by HPLC A. Aitken and M. Learmonth 112 Detection of Disulfide-Linked Peptides by Mass Spectrometry A.Aitken and M. Learmonth 113 Diagonal Electrophoresis for Detecting Disulfide Bridges A. Aitken and M. Learmonth 114. Estimation of Disulfide Bonds Using Ellman’s Reagent A. Aitken and M. Learmonth 115 Quantitation of Cysteine Residues and Disulfide Bonds by Electrophoresis A. Aitken and M. Learmonth 116 N-Terminal sequencing of the N-terminally Modified Proteins R. Kamp and Hisashi Hirano 117 De-blocking of Proteins containing N-Terminal Pyroglutamic Acidc J. Mozdzanowski 118 Detection and characterization of protein mutations by mass spectrometry Y. Wada 119 Peptide Sequencing by Nanoelectrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry O. Nørregaard Jensen and M. Wilm 120 Protein identification by Peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOFF Mass spectrometry J. Webster and D. Oxley 121 Protein ladder sequencing Rong Wang and Brian T. Chait 122. Sequence Analysis with WinGene/WinPep L. Hennig 123 HPLC and MS of integral membrane proteins J. Whitelegge 124 Enrichment of Serum Peptides and Analysis by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry H.W. Ressom, R.S.Varghese and R. Goldman 125 Computational Methods for the Analysis of MALDI-TOF Spectra to Discover Peptide Serum Biomarkers Y. An, H.W. Ressom and R. Goldman Part V : POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS 126 Simple tools for complex N-glycan analysis A-C. Fitchette, M. Benchabane, T. Paccalet, L. Faye and V. Gomord 127 A Lectin-Binding Assay for the Rapid Characterization of the Glycosylation of Purified Gycoproteins M.T. Goodarzi, A. Fotinopoulou and G. A. Turner 128 Chemical Methods of Analysis of Glycoproteins E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 129 Monosaccharide Analysis by HPAEC E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 130 Monosaccharide Analysis by GC E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 131 Determination of monosaccharide linkage and Substitution Patterns by GC.MS Methylation Analysis E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 132 Sialic Acid Analysis by HPAEC-PAD E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 133 Chemical Release of O-Linked Oligosaccharide Chains E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 134 O-Linked Oligosaccharide Profiling by HPLC E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 135 O-Linked Oligosaccharide Profiling by HPAEC-PAD E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 136 Release of N-Linked Oligosaccharide Chains by Hydrazinolysis T.Mizuochi and E.F. Hounsell 137 Enzymatic Release of O- and N-Linked Oligosaccharide Chains E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 138 N-Linked Oligosaccharide Profiling by HPLC on Porous Graphitized Carbon (PGC) E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 139 N-linked Oligosaccharide Profiling by HPAEC-PAD E.F. Hounsell, M.J. Davies and K.D. Smith 140 HPAE-PAD analysis of monosaccharides released by exoglycosidase digestion Weitzhandler, M., J. Rohrer, J,R Thayer and N. Avdalovic 141 Microassay Analyses of Protein Glycosylation N.K.C. Wong, N. Kanu, N. Thandrayen, G,J.Rademaker, C.I. Baldwin, D.V. Renouf and E.F. Hounsell 142 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of fluorophore-labeled carbohydrates from glycoproteins B. Brandley, J. Klock and C. Starr 143 HPLC Analysis of fluorescently labelled glycans A. Merry and S. Astrautsova 144 Glycoprofiling purified glycoproteins using Surface Plasmon Resonance A. Fotinopoulou and G.A. Turner 145 Sequencing Heparan Sulphate Saccharides J. E. Turnbull 146 Analysis of glycoprotein heterogeneity by Capillary Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry A. Hooker and D.C. James 147 Affinity chromatography of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides with immobilized lectins K. Yamamoto 148 In-Gel Enzymatic Release of N-glycans D. Harvey 149 Analysis of N-Linked glycans by mass spectrometry D. Harvey 150 MS Analysis of Protein glycosylation N.Takemori, N. Komori and H. Matsumoto 151 Mapping protein N-glycosylation by COFRADIC B. Ghesquiere, J. Vandekerckhove, and K. Gevaert 152 Mass spectrometric analysis of O-linked glycans released directly from Glycoproteins in gels using ß-elimination A.M. Taylor and J. Thomas-Oates 153 Glycopeptide analysis using LC/MS and LC/MSn S.Itoh, D. Takakura, N. Kawasaki and T. Yamaguchi 154 Identification of Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins Using a Gla-specific Monoclonal Antibody K. Hansson 155 The identification of protein S-Nitrocysteine T.M Greco, S.L.Stamer, D.C. Liebler and H. Ischiropoulos 156 Detection of nitrotyrosine-containing proteins Xianquan Zhan and D. Desiderio 157 Mass spectrometric determination of protein Ubiquitination C. E. Parker, M.R.E. Warren, V. Mocanu, S.F. Greer and C.H. Borchers 158 Detection of Sumoylated Proteins Ok-Kyong Park-Sarge and K. Sarge 159 Efficient enrichment of intact phosphorylated proteins by modified immobilized metal-affinity chromatography A. Dubrovska 160 Analyzing Protein Phosphorylation J. Colyer 161 Mass spectrometric analysis of protein phosphorylation S. Gander, A. Cremonesi, J. Chicher, S. Moes and P. Jenö 162 Protein microarrays for phosphorylation studies B. Kersten and T. Feilner 163. Two Dimensional Phosphopeptide Mapping H. Nagahara, R.R. Latek, S.A. Ezhevsky and S.F. Dowdy 164 Identification of Proteins Modified by Protein (D-Aspartyl/L-Isoaspartyl) Carboxyl Methyltransferase D. Weber and P.N. McFadden 165 Analysis of Tyrosine-o- sulfation Jens R. Bundgaard, J.W. Sen, A.H. Johnsen and J.F. Rehfeld 166 Analysis of Protein Palmitoylation by metabolic radiolabeling methods K.H. Pedone, L.S. Bernstein, Maurine E. Linder and J.R. Hepler 167 Incorporation of radiolabeled prenyl alcohols and their analogs into mammalian cell proteins: a useful tool for studying protein prenylation A. Corsini, C.C. Farnsworth, P. McGeady, M.H. Gelb and J.A. Glomset 168 Labelling and analysis of isoprenylated proteins in cells D.A. Andres, D.C. Crick, H.P.Spielmann and C. J. Waechter Part VII : ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES 169 Antibody Production R. Burns 170 Production of Antibodies Using Proteins in Gel Bands S.A. Amero, T.C. James and S.C.R. Elgin 171 Raising Highly Specific Polyclonal Antibodies Using Biocompatible Support Bound Antigens M. Diano and A. Le Bivic 172 Production of antisera using peptide conjugates T. E. Adrian 173 Small-molecule protein conjugation procedures S. Thompson 174 The Chloramine T Method for Radiolabeling Protein G.S. Bailey 175 The Lactoperoxidase Method for Radiolabeling Protein G.S. Bailey 176 The Bolton and Hunter Method for Radiolabeling Protein G.S. Bailey 177 Preparation of 125I-labelled peptides and proteins with high specific activity using iodogen M. Conlon 178 Purification and Assessment of Quality of Radioiodinated Protein G.S. Bailey 179 Purification of IgG by Precipitation with Sodium Sulfate or Ammoniun Sulfate M. Page and R. Thorpe 180 Purification of IgG Using Caprylic Acid M. Page and R. Thorpe 181 Purification of IgG Using DEAE-Sepharose Chromatography M. Page and R. Thorpe 182 Purification of IgG Using Ion-Exchange HPLC M. Page and R. Thorpe 183 Purification of IgG by Precipitation with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) M. Page and R. Thorpe 184 Purification of IgG Using Protein A or Protein G M. Page and R. Thorpe 185 Purification of IgG Using Size Exclusion High Performance Liquid Chromatography (SE-HPLC) C. Dolman and R. Thorpe 186 Purification of IgG Using Affinity Chromatography on Antigen-Ligand Columns M. Page and R. Thorpe 187 Purification of IgG Using Thiophilic Chromatography M. Page and R. Thorpe 188 Analysis of IgG Fractions by Electrophoresis M. Page and R. Thorpe 189 Purification of Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) from Chicken Eggs C.R. Bird and R. Thorpe 190 Affinity Purification of Immunoglobulins Using PAM (Protein A Mimetic) G. Fassina G. Palombo, A. Verdoliva and M. Ruvo 191 Detection of Serological Cross Reactions by Western Cross Blotting P. Hemmerl, A. Hartl, J. Freund and J.Thalhamer 192 Enzymatic Digestion of Monoclonal Antibodies S. Andrew 193 How to Make Bispecific Antibodies R. French 194 Antigen Measurements Using ELISA W. Jordan 195 Enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay R. Stott 196 Immunoprecipitation and Blotting S. Thompson 197 Determination of Epitope by Mass Spectrometry C.Hager-Braun and K. B. Tomer 198 Immunogen Preparation and Immunization Procedures for Rats and Mice M. Page and R. Thorpe 199 Making Hybridomas R. Burns 200 Growing hybridomas G. Entrican, C. Jepson and D. Deane 201 Mouse Hybridomas as an Entryway to Monoclonal Antibody Design and Production E. Mechetner 202 Pitfalls E. Mechetner 203 Recombinant antibody expression and purification A. Knappik and R. Brundiers 204 Screening Hybridoma Culture Supernatants Using Solid-Phase Radiobinding Assay M. Page and R. Thorpe 205 Screening Hybridoma Culture Supernatants Using ELISA M. Page and R. Thorpe 206 Growth and Purification of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies M. Page and R. Thorpe 207 Affinity purification techniques for monoclonal antibodies A. Schwarz 208 A rapid method for generating large numbers of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies from a single mouse N.T. Man and G.E. Morris

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Book SynopsisApoptosis is the regulated form of cell death. It is a complex process defined by a set of characteristic morphological and biochemical features that involves the active participation of affected cells in a self-destruction cascade. This programmed cell death plays a critical role in physiological functions such as cell deletion during embryonic development, balancing cell number in continuously renewing tissues and immune system development. Additionally, a dysregulation of apoptosis is underlying in numerous pathological situations such as Parkinson, Alzheimer''s disease and cancer. A number of studies have pointed out an association between consumption of fruits and vegetables, and certain beverages such as tea and wine, which are rich in polyphenols, with reduced risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. Apoptosis is also the regulatory mechanism involved in the removal of unnecessary cells during development and in tissue homeostasis in a wide range of organisms from insects to mammals. The aim of this book is to provide new studies in the field of apoptosis research.

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Book SynopsisApoptosis is the regulated form of cell death. It is a complex process defined by a set of characteristic morphological and biochemical features that involves the active participation of affected cells in a self-destruction cascade. This programmed cell death plays a critical role in physiological functions such as cell deletion during embryonic development, balancing cell number in continuously renewing tissues and immune system development. Additionally, a dysregulation of apoptosis is underlying in numerous pathological situations such as Parkinson, Alzheimer''s disease and cancer. A number of studies have pointed out an association between consumption of fruits and vegetables, and certain beverages such as tea and wine, which are rich in polyphenols, with reduced risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. Apoptosis is also the regulatory mechanism involved in the removal of unnecessary cells during development and in tissue homeostasis in a wide range of organisms from insects to mammals. This book deals with cell apoptosis regulation and environmental factors.

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Book SynopsisWhen used in the context of reproduction of living cells the phrase "cell growth" is shorthand for the idea of "growth in cell populations by means of cell reproduction." During cell reproduction one cell (the "mother" cell) divides to produce two daughter cells. Cell proliferation, which depends on the intimately linked processes of growth and division, is a fundamental systems-level attribute of all life forms. The precise regulation of proliferation in response to internal and external cues is critical for development, tissue renewal and evolutionary fitness, while the disregulation of cell proliferation underlies a variety of human diseases, most notably cancer and ageing. Historically, breakthroughs in our understanding of cell growth and division have derived from cross-fertilisation of results and ideas from researchers studying a wide range of model organisms, from yeast to humans. The basis for cell proliferation entails the control of key signalling and cell cycle regulators through transcriptional, translational, post-translational, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Indeed, many conceptual breakthroughs in cell regulation have derived from analyses of basic cell cycle mechanisms. This book is dedicated to new research from around the globe in this field.

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Book SynopsisIn biological systems, the normal processes of oxidation (plus a minor contribution from ionising radiation) produce highly reactive free radicals. These can readily react with and damage other molecules. In some cases the body uses free radicals to destroy foreign or unwanted objects, such as in an infection. However, in the wrong place, the body''s own cells may become damaged. Should the damage occur to DNA, the result could be cancer. Antioxidants decrease the damage done to cells by reducing oxidants before they can damage the cell. Virtually all studies of mammals have concluded that a restricted calorie diet extends the lifespan of mammals by as much as 100%. This remarkable finding suggests that food is actually more damaging than smoking. As food produces free radicals (oxidants) when metabolised, antioxidant-rich diets are thought to stave off the effects of ageing significantly better than diets lacking in antioxidants. The reduced levels of free radicals, resulting from a reduction in their production by metabolism, is thought to be a major cause of the success of caloric restriction in increasing life span. Antioxidants consist of a group of vitamins including vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and carotenoids, (such as beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein). This book brings together the latest research in this dynamic field.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the latest research in the field of stem cells from around the globe. Two broad categories of mammalian stem cells exist: embryonic stem cells, derived from blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells are able to differentiate into all of the specialised embryonic tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialised cells. As stem cells can be readily grown and transformed into specialised tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture, their use in medical therapies has been proposed. In particular, embryonic cell lines, autologous embryonic stem cells generated therapeutic cloning, and highly plastic adult stem cells from the umbilical cord blood or bone marrow are touted as promising candidates. Among the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune diseases as well as Parkinson''s disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer''s disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources.

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Book SynopsisEven the most experienced instructor can find teaching cell biology daunting, and most cell biology texts are bogged down in detail or background information. Lost in all the details are the more fascinating material and contemporary advances that represent this rapidly moving field. With so much to cover, creating a classroom around active learning may be difficult or nearly impossible. The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Eighth Edition, endeavors to address those issues with succinct writing, incorporation of current research, a test bank that encourages critical thinking, and an active learning framework. With just enough detail for a one-semester, sophomore/junior level course, the text presents fundamental concepts and current research, including chapters on Genomics and Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics, and new in-text boxed features on Molecular Medicine and Key Experiments. Instructors will appreciate updates to the eighth edition test bank, such as raising the Bloom's level of questions overall, and giving instructors the ability to select questions based on level. Finally, for instructors who want to flip their classrooms or just get students more engaged, The Cell, Eighth Edition, is the only cell biology text that is accompanied by an Active Learning Guide. This chapter-by-chapter playbook shows instructors how to create a dynamic learning environment with in-class exercises, clicker questions, and links to relevant media, animations, testing, and self-quizzing, all aligned with the new in-text learning objectives, wherever appropriate. This text provides the right level of detail, student engagement, and instructor support for the modern cell biology classroom.Trade Review"I like the level of detail, modularity, resources and questions, and supplementary materials. I think the students like the clarity that the book provides. It is taught on a good level for undergraduates, especially those interested in medicine (teaching to the level of detail in the MCATs is always a good idea in my course)." -Nathan Jebbett, University of Vermont "I have not been able to find any other textbook that provides the key essential information related to this complex scientific area with the simplicity and depth provided in this textbook." -Germán Rosas-Acosta, The University of Texas at El Paso "This textbook is not too advanced for the medical students. Other textbooks (such as The Cell by Alberts) are more appropriate for PhD-level students with more details, but The Cell is a good, solid textbook for students in healthcare professions, with the 'right' amount of details." -Nancy Bae, Midwestern University "A formidable text on the molecular aspects of biology, biochemistry, cell function and regulation." -Floyd C. Knoop, Creighton UniversityTable of ContentsPart I: Fundamentals and FoundationsChapter 1. Introduction to Cells and Cell ResearchChapter 2. Molecules and MembranesChapter 3. Bioenergetics and MetabolismChapter 4. Fundamentals of Molecular BiologyChapter 5. Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems BiologyPart II: The Flow of Genetic InformationChapter 6. Genes and GenomesChapter 7. Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic DNAChapter 8. RNA Synthesis and ProcessingChapter 9. Transcriptional Regulation and EpigeneticsChapter 10. Protein Synthesis, Processing, and RegulationPart III: Cell Structure and FunctionChapter 11. The NucleusChapter 12. Protein Sorting and TransportChapter 13. Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and PeroxisomesChapter 14. The Cytoskeleton and Cell MovementChapter 15. The Plasma MembraneChapter 16. Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell InteractionsPart IV: Cell RegulationChapter 17. Cell SignalingChapter 18. The Cell CycleChapter 19. Cell Renewal and Cell DeathChapter 20. Cancer

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to define barriers and challenges to a rapid expansion of cellulosic-ethanol production and determine ways to speed solutions through concerted application of modern biology tools as part of a joint research agenda. Although the focus was ethanol, the science applies to additional fuels that include biodiesel and other bioproducts or coproducts having critical roles in any deployment scheme. The core barrier is cellulosic-biomass recalcitrance to processing to ethanol. Biomass is composed of nature''s most ready energy source, sugars, but they are locked in a complex polymer composite exquisitely created to resist biological and chemical degradation. Key to energising a new biofuel industry based on conversion of cellulose (and hemicelluloses) to ethanol is to understand plant cell-wall chemical and physical structures -- how they are synthesised and can be deconstructed. With this knowledge, innovative energy crops -- plants specifically designed for industrial processing to biofuel -- can be developed concurrently with new biology-based treatment and conversion methods. Recent advances in science and technological capabilities, especially those from the nascent discipline of systems biology, promise to accelerate and enhance this development. Resulting technologies will create a fundamentally new process and biorefinery paradigm that will enable an efficient and economic industry for converting plant biomass to liquid fuels. These key barriers and suggested research strategies to address them are described in this book. The core barrier is cellulosic-biomass recalcitrance to processing to ethanol. Biomass is composed of nature''s most ready energy source, sugars, but they are locked in a complex polymer composite exquisitely created to resist biological and chemical degradation. Key to energising a new biofuel industry based on conversion of cellulose (and hemicelluloses) to ethanol is to understand plant cell-wall chemical and physical structures -- how they are synthesised and can be deconstructed. With this knowledge, innovative energy crops -- plants specifically designed for industrial processing to biofuel -- can be developed concurrently with new biology-based treatment and conversion methods. Recent advances in science and technological capabilities, especially those from the nascent discipline of systems biology, promise to accelerate and enhance this development. Resulting technologies will create a fundamentally new process and biorefinery paradigm that will enable an efficient and economic industry for converting plant biomass to liquid fuels. These key barriers and suggested research strategies to address them are described in this book.

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Book SynopsisCell adhesion is the binding of a cell to another cell or to a surface or matrix. This book discusses the mitochondrial retrograde signalling, a recently discovered cellular signalling pathway, that may work in irradiated mammalian cells. The question whether radiation of visible and near IR radiation can activate this cellular signalling pathway is also reviewed. Novel experimental techniques that probe cellular forces exerted at the sites of adhesive contacts are examined, as well as how these forces can explain the roles of cell adhesion in orchestrating multi-cellular behaviour. Furthermore, the cell adhesion molecule trophinin is discussed, which is uniquely involved in the process of human embryo implantation. The roles of nano and microtopography in the substratum upon cell adhesion are addressed, as well as the effects of substratum and near-substratum mechanical properties on cell adhesion. CADM1, a new mast-cell adhesion molecule that mediates interaction with fibroblasts, nerves, and smooth muscles is discussed in this book, as well as carbon nanoparticles that are used as substrates for cell adhesion and growth. In addition, by reducing cell adhesion and inducing cell proliferation, diabetes increases the risk for oral carcinogenesis. The results of this animal model study are looked as well. Finally, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM, has been studied and subsequently discussed in this book.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a collection of highly innovative research ideas, strategies, focal points related to biological cell model systems, promoting both genomic research and bioinformatics that are starting points for instance of the system biology and future research in this field. It, for the first time, advances a synergy of common learning experiences and analyses the latest breakthrough technologies, creating a platform for discussing research experiences. It reports a network development between scientists and students from several world countries. It promotes joined and integrated approaches from basic research and new product developments for academic world and industries.

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Book SynopsisGlycolysis literally means "splitting sugars". In glycolysis, glucose (a six carbon sugar) is split into two molecules of a three-carbon sugar. Glycolysis yields two molecules of ATP (free energy containing molecule), two molecules of pyruvic acid and two "high energy" electron carrying molecules of NADH. Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. Without oxygen, glycolysis allows cells to make small amounts of ATP. This process is called fermentation. This book presents the latest research in the field.

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Book SynopsisCell proliferation is an increase in the number of cells as a result of cell growth and cell division. A series of growth disorders can occur at the cellular level, often causing cancer. This book examines and discusses recent developments in this field. In particular, the changes that occur in cell viability, cell proliferation and cytotoxicity following therapy and laser irradiation are studied. Furthermore, the effects that probiotic bacteria and gastrointestinal mucosa have on cell proliferation are looked at. Data from literature suggests a possible use for probiotics in the therapeutic management of different diseases. This book reviews the ways to estimate cell proliferation and a general view about the principal methods used to evaluate cell populations kinetics are given. Also, research has shown that reductions in cell proliferation by nutrition interventions may indicate a decrease in cancer risk. Thus, this book examines the ability of dietary restriction regiments to reduce cell proliferation rates and cancer risks in humans and animals.

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Book SynopsisFor many years the mammalian blood cell system has provided cell biologists and haematologists with one of the best experimental models in which to unravel how one stem cell -- the hematopoietic stem cell -- gives rise to many different types of progeny. Numerous models of lineage relationships have emerged, but the most influential of these, in which differentiating cells undergo a series of binary choices, has been increasingly challenged in recent years -- to the extent that the accumulation of new findings recently culminated in a Nature commentary suggesting that "the latest research will necessitate revision of textbook accounts". This book brings together contributions from many leading experts in the field of blood cell development who each discuss both the overall process of hematopoiesis and the origins and development of each of the cells of the blood and immune systems. It describes how new molecular, cellular and -- particularly -- transgenic tools are helping us understand the processes that control the lineage fates of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and how lineage-committed progeny develop along particular maturation pathways.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the latest research developments in the field of basophil granulocytes, sometimes referred to as basophils, which are the least common of the granulocytes, representing about 0.01% to 0.3% of circulating white blood cells. The name comes from the fact that these leucocytes are basophilic, i.e., they are susceptible to staining by base dyes, as shown in the picture. Basophils contain large cytoplasmic granules which obscure the cell nucleus under the microscope. However, when unstained, the nucleus is visible and it usually has 2 lobes. The mast cell, a cell in tissues, has many similar characteristics.

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Book SynopsisDespite being known and studied for years, peptides have never before attracted enough attention to necessitate the invention of the term "peptidomics" in order to specify the study of the complement of peptides from a cell, organelle, tissue or organism. In Peptidomics: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers present a comprehensive range of analytical techniques for the analysis of the peptide contents of complex biological samples with an emphasis often on higher throughput techniques, suitable for the analysis of large numbers of peptides typically present in the peptidomes. Encompassing a number of species ranging from bacteria to man, the methods presented intensively cover topics such as organism handling, tissue and organ dissection, cellular and subcellular fractionation, peptide extraction, fractionation and purification, structural characterization, molecular cloning, and sequence analysis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Peptidomics: Methods and Protocols brings this ten year old field fully up-to-date in order to inspire novices and experts alike with the easy-to-follow practical advice needed to set up and carry out analysis of the peptide contents of complex biological samples.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“Peptidomics–Methods and Protocols focuses on high-throughput techniques for the analysis of peptidomes from a wide range of biological systems … . The procedures covered in this book encompass a number of model and non-model organisms, and most chapters have been written by distinguished researchers who have made major contributions to their respective fields. Peptidomics–Methods and Protocols is an indispensable reference book for specialists, but also an introductory work for newcomers to the rapidly developing discipline of peptidomics.”­­­ (Juan J. Calvete, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 398, September, 2010)“The editor and co-authors of this volume must be congratulated on a comprehensive collection of very diverse peptidomics protocols that serve as an excellent introduction for a novice in this field. At the same time, the book provides the expert researcher with highly detailed experimental procedures and practical advice for the analysis of complex mixtures of peptides from a variety of sources. I warmly recommend this book to anyone interested in the field of peptidomics.” (Christian A. Olsen, ChemBioChem, Vol. 11, August, 2010)Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction 1. Peptidomics: Divide et Impera Mikhail Soloviev Part II: From Bacteria to Men 2. Performing Comparative Peptidomics Analyses of Salmonella from Different Growth Conditions Joshua N. Adkins, Heather Mottaz, Thomas O. Metz, Charles Ansong, Nathan P. Manes, Richard D. Smith, and Fred Heffron 3. Approaches to Identify Endogenous Peptides in the Soil Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Steven J. Husson, Elke Clynen, Kurt Boonen, Tom Janssen, Marleen Lindemans, Geert Baggerman, and Liliane Schoofs 4. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Molluscan Neuropeptides Ka Wan Li and August B. Smit 5. Monitoring Neuropeptides in vivo via Microdialysis and Mass Spectrometry Heidi L. Behrens and Lingjun Li 6. Protocols for Peptidomic Analysis of Spider Venoms Liang Songping 7. Purification and Characterization of Biologically Active Peptides from Spider Venoms Alexander A. Vassilevski, Sergey A. Kozlov, Tsezi A. Egorov, and Eugene V. Grishin 8. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Approaches to the Characterization of Insect Neuropeptides Robert J. Weaver and Neil Audsley 9. Direct MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometric Peptide Profiling of Neuroendocrine Tissue of Drosophila Christian Wegener, Susanne Neupert, and Reinhard Predel 10. Direct Peptide Profiling of Brain Tissue by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Joachim Schachtner, Christian Wegener, Susanne Neupert, and Reinhard Predel 11. Peptidomic Analysis of Single Identified Neurons Susanne Neupert and Reinhard Predel 12. Identification and Analysis of Bioactive Peptides in Amphibian Skin Secretions J. Michael Conlon and Jérôme Leprince 13. An Efficient Protocol for DNA Amplification of Multiple Amphibian Skin Antimicrobial PeptidecDNAs Shawichi Iwamuro and Tetsuya Kobayashi 14. Combined Peptidomics and Genomics Approach to the Isolation of Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptides Ren Lai 15. Identification and Relative Quantification of Neuropeptides from the Endocrine Tissues Kurt Boonen, Steven J. Husson, Bart Landuyt, Geert Baggerman, Eisuke Hayakawa, Walter H.M.L. Luyten, and Liliane Schoofs 16. Peptidome Analysis of Mouse Liver Tissue by Size Exclusion Chromatography Prefractionation Lianghai Hu, Mingliang Ye, and Hanfa Zou 17. Rat Brain Neuropeptidomics: Tissue Collection, Protease Inhibition, Neuropeptide Extraction, and Mass Spectrometric Analysis Robert M. Sturm, James A. Dowell, and Lingjun Li 18. Quantitative Neuroproteomics of the Synapse Dinah Lee Ramos-Ortolaza, Ittai Bushlin, Noura Abul-Husn, Suresh P. Annagudi, Jonathan Sweedler, and Lakshmi A. Devi 19. Peptidomics Analysis of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines Anne Fogli and Philippe Bulet 20. Peptidomics: Identification of Pathogenic and Marker Peptides Yang Xiang, Manae S. Kurokawa, Mie Kanke, Yukiko Takakuwa, and Tomohiro Kato Part III: Tools and Approaches 21. Peptidomic Approaches to the Identification and Characterization of Functional Peptides in Hydra Toshio Takahashi and Toshitaka Fujisawa 22. Immunochemical Methods for the Peptidomic Analysis of Tachykinin Peptides and their Precursors Nigel M. Page and Nicola J. Weston-Bell 23. Affinity Peptidomics: Peptide Selection and Affinity Capture on Hydrogels and Microarrays Fan Zhang, Anna Dulneva, Julian Bailes, and Mikhail Soloviev 24. In situ Biosynthesis of Peptide Arrays Mingyue He and Oda Stoevesandt 25. Bioinformatic Approaches to the Identification of Novel Neuropeptide Precursors Elke Clynen, Feng

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Book SynopsisFree radicals are molecules, ions, or atoms with unpaired electrons in their outermost shell of electrons. Although it is a relatively recent discovery, the occurrence of free radicals in biological processes is now widely accepted. Free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and also in inflammation. Free radicals are also involved in important physiological processes, such as ageing. Free radicals are constantly formed in the human body, but they can become toxic when generated in excess or in the presence of a deficiency in the naturally occurring antioxidant defences. In general, the body has adequate antioxidant defences to cope with the production of free radicals under physiological conditions. This book reviews the updated knowledge on free radicals and its possible mechanisms in neurological disorders and in some oxidative stress processes, such as in intractable epilepsy and febrile seizures. Some approaches useful to elucidate the effects of free radical exposure on the overall protein structure are also discussed. Additionally, the potential risk factors and major cellular events contributing to the generation of reactive oxygen species and retinal pigment epithelium (EPI)/photoreceptor cell damage, and their roles in the pathogenesis of AMD are examined. Furthermore, thyroid cells are a unique model to study free radical processes involving reactive oxygen and iodine species. The role of oxidative stress in impairment in the thyroid function is explored. Other chapters in this book explore free radicals and its role in the in vivo disease control of malaria, as well as the monitoring of free radical in ultrasonic field in vitro and in vivo, its role in laboratory medicine, the relationship between rabies and free radicals, the correlation between exercise and free radical production, and the role of free radicals in several homeostatic processes through methods that can be used to detect free radicals either directly or indirectly (also known as fingerprinting methods).

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