Cellular biology (cytology) Books

Book SynopsisForty years ago, three medical researchers—Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty—made the discovery that DNA is the genetic material. With this finding was born the modern era of molecular biology and genetics.

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Book SynopsisMetabolic Regulation in Mammals presents the basic principles of metabolic control, based on investigations conducted during the past twenty years. It explains the impact of recent advances in cell biology, molecular biology and genetics on the field. Beginning with the basic concepts, this text covers all angles of metabolic regulation, including blood caloric homeostasis, cardiac and skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver metabolism. Review questions, summary sections and worked examples help break down the complexity of the subject and allow the reader to review the principles and concepts presented. Details of metabolic pathways are provided for each body system, with accompanying charts to provide the reader with an overall perspective. This text is ideal for undergraduates across a range of biological and health science disciplines, particularly those taking one or two semester courses in metabolic regulation.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Metabolism. Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions. Overview of Signal Transduction. Glycolysis. Citric Acid Cycle. Fatty Acid Oxidation. Amino Acid Metabolism. Glycogen. Gluconcogenesis. Synthesis of Triglycerides. Cholesterol. Metabolic Interrelationships of Tissue.

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Book SynopsisThe Nuclear Envelope brings together the major current topics in nuclear envelope structure, transport, transcriptional regulation and cell signaling. The volume is divided into four sections:1. Proteins of the nuclear envelope, including nuclear envelope proteomics, structure and function.2. Nuclear pores and transport at the nuclear envelope, including pore complex structure, assembly and function and import and export pathways.3. Nuclear envelope dynamics, including dynamics of lamina assembly and disassembly.4. Nuclear signaling and transcription regulation, including signaling to the nucleus and spectrin repeat proteins and their implications or communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm.Table of Contents1. The Nuclear Envelope: A Comparative Overview. 2. The Nuclear Envelope Proteome. 3. Nuclear Envelope Proteins and Human Disease. 4. Protein Interactions, Right or Wrong, in Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy. 5. Plant Nuclear Envelope Proteins. 6. Structure, Function and Assembly of the Nuclear Pore Complex. 7. Import and Export at the Nuclear Envelope. 8. Regulating Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells: How Nuclear Architecture Influences mRNA Synthesis and Export to the Cytoplasm. 9. Nuclear Shuffling in Plant Cells. 10. Dynamics of Nuclear Lamina Assembly and Disassembly. 11. Spatial and Temporal Control of Nuclear Envelop Assembly. 12. Nuclear Envelope Dynamics During Mitosis. 13. Nuclear Dynamics in Higher Plants. 14. The Nuclear Envelope in the Plant Cycle. 15. Signalling to the Nucleus via A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins. 16. Spectraplakins and Nespins, Giant Spectrin Repeat Proteins Participating in the Organization of the Cytoskeleton and the Nuclear Envelope. 17. Arabidopsis U1 snRNP 70K Protein and its Interacting Proteins: Nuclear Localization and in Vivo Dynamics of a Novel Plant-Specific Serine/Argone-rich Protein. 18. Calcium/Calmodulin-binding transcription activators in Plants and Animals. 19. CAAX-dependent Modifications of the Lamin Proteins in the Organization of the Nuclear Periphery. 20. All in the Family: Evidence for Four New LEM-domain Proteins Lem2 (NET-25), Lem3, Lem4 and Lem5 in the Human Genome.

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Book SynopsisEmerging protozoan pathogens, once thought to be an obscure menace of society, have become a major threat to human health. The last two decades have seen major advances in the understanding of these increasingly important pathogens. Emerging Protozoan Pathogens provides a comprehensive account of up-to-date information on the present status of research in this discipline. Written by experts in their respective subject areas, this book provides a valuable resource for microbiologists and molecular and cell biologists at advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as health professionals and researchers who are interested in these pathogens. The material covered, including biology, genomics, epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatments, makes it an ideal platform on which to base further research projects. Trade Review"…any fresh angle that helps reinvigorate our interest in, and understanding of, protozoan infections is to be welcome and Khan’s book certainly fills a niche." ParasitologyTable of ContentsA. Amoebae A1. Acanthamoeba spp. A2. Balamuthia mandrillaris A3. Naegleria fowleri A4. Blastocystis hominis B. Apicomplexans B1. Cryptosporidium spp. B2. Toxoplasma gondii B3. Isospora belli B4. Babesia microti C. Ciliates C1. Balantidium coli D. Flagellates D1. Diplomonadida - Giardia spp. D2. Stramenopila - Trichomonas vaginalis E. Protozoan Pathogens of Major Medical Importance F. Protozoan Biology G. Host Response

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Book SynopsisGenome Duplication provides a comprehensive and readable overview of the underlying principles that govern genome duplication in all forms of life, from the simplest cell to the most complex multicellular organism. Using examples from the three domains of life - bacteria, archaea, and eukarya - Genome Duplication shows how all living organisms store their genome as DNA and how they all use the same evolutionary-conserved mechanism to duplicate it: semi-conservative DNA replication by the replication fork. The text shows how the replication fork determines where organisms begin genome duplication, how they produce a complete copy of their genome each time a cell divides, and how they link genome duplication to cell division. Genome Duplication explains how mistakes in genome duplication are associated with genetic disorders and cancer, and how understanding genome duplication, its regulation, and how the mechanisms differ between different fTrade Review"...an accessible work that undergraduate students in their first molecular genetics class can easily read and understand. At the same time, this book has much to offer graduate students and researchers in the field. Many excellent tables summarize the information in each chapter. The volume also includes a glossary, clear illustrations, and chapter references." - Klevickis, C.A., CHOICE, April 2011 "This book will be very informative for a wide audience—population biologists, molecular epidemiologists, and ecology/evolution instructors, as well as graduate students."- The Quarterly Review of Biology"...an accessible work that undergraduate students in their first molecular genetics class can easily read and understand. At the same time, this book has much to offer graduate students and researchers in the field. Many excellent tables summarize the information in each chapter. The volume also includes a glossary, clear illustrations, and chapter references." - Klevickis, C.A., CHOICE, April 2011 "This book will be very informative for a wide audience—population biologists, molecular epidemiologists, and ecology/evolution instructors, as well as graduate students."- The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of Contents1. Genomes 2. Three Domains of Life 3. Replication Forks 4. Replication Proteins: Leading-Strand Synthesis 5. Replication Proteins: Lagging-Strand Synthesis 6. Termination 7. Chromatin Assembly, Cohesion, and Modification 8. Replicons 9. Replication Origins 10. Origin Paradigms 11. Initiation 12. Cell Cycles 13. Checkpoints 14. Human Disease 15. Evolution of Cellular Replication Machines

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Book SynopsisFeaturing contributions from many of the leading laboratories of mitochondrial biology worldwide, Novartis Foundation Symposium 287, Mitochondrial Biology: New Perspectives provides a timely summary of the current state-of-the-art in mitochondrial research.Table of ContentsSymposium on New perspectives on mitochondrial biolog y, held at the Novartis Foundation, London, 28–30 November 2006. Editors: Derek J. Chadwick (Organizer) and Jamie Goode. This symposium is based on a proposal by Michael Duchen. David G. Nicholls Chair's introduction. Albert Neutzner, Richard J. Youle and Mariusz Karbowski, Outer mitochondrial membrane protein degradation by the proteasome. Discussion. Sarah E. Haigh, Gilad Twig, Anthony A. J. Molina, Jakob D. Wikstrom, Motti Deutsch and Orian S. Shirihai PA-GFP: a window into the subcellular adventures of the individual mitochondrion. Discussion. Luca Scorrano, Multiple functions of mitochondria-shaping proteins. Discussion. Bruce M. Spiegelman, Transcriptional control of mitochondrial energy metabolism through the PGC1 coactivators. Discussion. Charles Affourtit, Paul G. Crichton, Nadeene Parker and Martin D. Brand, Novel uncoupling proteins. Discussion. Cecilia Giulivi, Mitochondria as generators and targets of nitric oxide. Discussion. György Hajnóczky, Masao Saotome, György Csordás, David Weaver and Muqing Yi, Calcium signalling and mitochondrial motility. Discussion. Anna Romagnoli, Paola Aguiari, Diego De Stefani, Sara Leo, Saverio Marchi, Alessandro Rimessi, Erika Zecchini, Paolo Pinton and Rosario Rizzuto, Endoplasmic reticulum/mitochondria calcium cross-talk. Discussion. Brian O’Rourke, Sonia Cortassa, Fadi Akar and Miguel Aon, Mitochondrial ion channels in cardiac function and dysfunction. Discussion. Paolo Bernardi and Michael Forte, The mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Discussion. Dominic James, Philippe A. Parone, Olivier Terradillos, Safa Lucken-Ardjomande, Sylvie Montessuit and Jean-Claude Martinou, Mechanisms of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Discussion. M. Flint Beal, Mitochondria and neurodegeneration. Discussion. Mügen Terzioglu and Nils-Göran Larsson, Mitochondrial dysfunction in mammalian ageing. Discussion. Eric A. Schon and Salvatore DiMauro. Mitochondrial mutations: genotype to phenotype. Discussion. Contributor Index. Subject index.

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Book SynopsisBiointerfaces are central to biology and medicine and crucial in research relating to implants, biosensors, drug delivery, proteomics, and many other fields.Trade Review"Ohshima (pharmaceutical science, Tokyo U. of Science) sets out a set of tools for discussing various phenomena at biological interfaces - such as cell surfaces - in terms of biophysical chemistry." (SciTech Book News, December 2010) Table of ContentsPreface xiii List of Symbols xv Part I Potential and Charge at Interfaces 1 1 Potential and Charge of a Hard Particle 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 The Poisson-Boltzmann Equation 3 1.3 Plate 6 1.3.1 Low Potential 8 1.3.2 Arbitrary Potential: Symmetrical Electrolyte 8 1.3.3 Arbitrary Potential: Asymmetrical Electrolyte 13 1.3.4 Arbitrary Potential: General Electrolyte 14 1.4 Sphere 16 1.4.1 Low Potential 17 1.4.2 Surface Charge Density-Surface Potential Relationship: Symmetrical Electrolyte 18 1.4.3 Surface Charge Density-Surface Potential Relationship: Asymmetrical Electrolyte 21 1.4.4 Surface Charge Density-Surface Potential Relationship: General Electrolyte 22 1.4.5 Potential Distribution Around a Sphere with Arbitrary Potential 25 1.5 Cylinder 31 1.5.1 Low Potential 32 1.5.2 Arbitrary Potential: Symmetrical Electrolyte 33 1.5.3 Arbitrary Potential: General Electrolytes 34 1.6 Asymptotic Behavior of Potential and Effective Surface Potential 37 1.6.1 Plate 38 1.6.2 Sphere 41 1.6.3 Cylinder 42 1.7 Nearly Spherical Particle 43 References 45 2 Potential Distribution Around a Nonuniformly Charged Surface and Discrete Charge Effects 47 2.1 Introduction 47 2.2 The Poisson-Boltzmann Equation for a Surface with an Arbitrary Fixed Surface Charge Distribution 47 2.3 Discrete Charge Effect 56 References 62 3 Modified Poisson-Boltzmann Equation 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Electrolyte Solution Containing Rod-like Divalent Cations 63 3.3 Electrolyte Solution Containing Rod-like Zwitterions 70 3.4 Self-atmosphere Potential of Ions 77 References 82 4 Potential and Charge of a Soft Particle 83 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Planar Soft Surface 83 4.2.1 Poisson–Boltzmann Equation 83 4.2.2 Potential Distribution Across a Surface Charge Layer 87 4.2.3 Thick Surface Charge Layer and Donnan Potential 90 4.2.4 Transition Between Donnan Potential and Surface Potential 91 4.2.5 Donnan Potential in a General Electrolyte 92 4.3 Spherical Soft Particle 93 4.3.1 Low Charge Density Case 93 4.3.2 Surface Potential–Donnan Potential Relationship 95 4.4 Cylindrical Soft Particle 100 4.4.1 Low Charge Density Case 100 4.4.2 Surface Potential–Donnan Potential Relationship 101 4.5 Asymptotic Behavior of Potential and Effective Surface Potential of a Soft Particle 102 4.5.1 Plate 102 4.5.2 Sphere 103 4.5.3 Cylinder 104 4.6 Nonuniformly Charged Surface Layer: Isoelectric Point 104 References 110 5 Free Energy of a Charged Surface 111 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Helmholtz Free Energy and Tension of a Hard Surface 111 5.2.1 Charged Surface with Ion Adsorption 111 5.2.2 Charged Surface with Dissociable Groups 116 5.3 Calculation of the Free Energy of the Electrical Double Layer 118 5.3.1 Plate 119 5.3.2 Sphere 120 5.3.3 Cylinder 121 5.4 Alternative Expression for Fel 122 5.5 Free Energy of a Soft Surface 123 5.5.1 General Expression 123 5.5.2 Expressions for the Double-Layer Free Energy for a Planar Soft Surface 127 5.5.3 Soft Surface with Dissociable Groups 128 References 130 6 Potential Distribution Around a Charged Particle in a Salt-Free Medium 132 6.1 Introduction 132 6.2 Spherical Particle 133 6.3 Cylindrical Particle 143 6.4 Effects of a Small Amount of Added Salts 146 6.5 Spherical Soft Particle 152 References 162 Part II Interaction Between Surfaces 163 7 Electrostatic Interaction of Point Charges in an Inhomogeneous Medium 165 7.1 Introduction 165 7.2 Planar Geometry 166 7.3 Cylindrical Geometry 180 References 185 8 Force and Potential Energy of the Double-Layer Interaction Between Two Charged Colloidal Particles 186 8.1 Introduction 186 8.2 Osmotic Pressure and Maxwell Stress 186 8.3 Direct Calculation of Interaction Force 188 8.4 Free Energy of Double-Layer Interaction 198 8.4.1 Interaction at Constant Surface Charge Density 199 8.4.2 Interaction at Constants Surface Potential 200 8.5 Alternative Expression for the Electric Part of the Free Energy of Double-Layer Interaction 201 8.6 Charge Regulation Model 201 References 202 9 Double-Layer Interaction Between Two Parallel Similar Plates 203 9.1 Introduction 203 9.2 Interaction Between Two Parallel Similar Plates 203 9.3 Low Potential Case 207 9.3.1 Interaction at Constant Surface Charge Density 208 9.3.2 Interaction at Constant Surface Potential 211 9.4 Arbitrary Potential Case 214 9.4.1 Interaction at Constant Surface Charge Density 214 9.4.2 Interaction at Constant Surface Potential 224 9.5 Comparison Between the Theory of Derjaguin and Landau and the Theory of Verwey and Overbeek 226 9.6 Approximate Analytic Expressions for Moderate Potentials 227 9.7 Alternative Method of Linearization of the Poisson–Boltzmann Equation 231 9.7.1 Interaction at Constant Surface Potential 231 9.7.2 Interaction at Constant Surface Charge Density 234 References 240 10 Electrostatic Interaction Between Two Parallel Dissimilar Plates 241 10.1 Introduction 241 10.2 Interaction Between Two Parallel Dissimilar Plates 241 10.3 Low Potential Case 244 10.3.1 Interaction at Constant Surface Charge Density 244 10.3.2 Interaction at Constant Surface Potential 251 10.3.3 Mixed Case 252 10.4 Arbitrary Potential: Interaction at Constant Surface Charge Density 252 10.4.1 Isodynamic Curves 252 10.4.2 Interaction Energy 258 10.5 Approximate Analytic Expressions for Moderate Potentials 262 References 263 11 Linear Superposition Approximation for the Double-Layer Interaction of Particles at Large Separations 265 11.1 Introduction 265 11.2 Two Parallel Plates 265 11.2.1 Similar Plates 265 11.2.2 Dissimilar Plates 270 11.2.3 Hypothetical Charge 276 11.3 Two Spheres 278 11.4 Two Cylinders 279 References 281 12 Derjaguin’s Approximation at Small Separations 283 12.1 Introduction 283 12.2 Two Spheres 283 12.2.1 Low Potentials 285 12.2.2 Moderate Potentials 286 12.2.3 Arbitrary Potentials: Derjaguin’s Approximation Combined with the Linear Superposition Approximation 288 12.2.4 Curvature Correction to Derjaguin’ Approximation 290 12.3 Two Parallel Cylinders 292 12.4 Two Crossed Cylinders 294 References 297 13 Donnan Potential-Regulated Interaction Between Porous Particles 298 13.1 Introduction 298 13.2 Two Parallel Semi-infinite Ion-penetrable Membranes (Porous Plates) 298 13.3 Two Porous Spheres 306 13.4 Two Parallel Porous Cylinders 310 13.5 Two Parallel Membranes with Arbitrary Potentials 311 13.5.1 Interaction Force and Isodynamic Curves 311 13.5.2 Interaction Energy 317 13.6 pH Dependence of Electrostatic Interaction Between Ion-penetrable Membranes 320 References 322 14 Series Expansion Representations for the Double-Layer Interaction Between Two Particles 323 14.1 Introduction 323 14.2 Schwartz’s Method 323 14.3 Two Spheres 327 14.4 Plate and Sphere 342 14.5 Two Parallel Cylinders 348 14.6 Plate and Cylinder 353 References 356 15 Electrostatic Interaction Between Soft Particles 357 15.1 Introduction 357 15.2 Interaction Between Two Parallel Dissimilar Soft Plates 357 15.3 Interaction Between Two Dissimilar Soft Spheres 363 15.4 Interaction Between Two Dissimilar Soft Cylinders 369 References 374 16 Electrostatic Interaction Between Nonuniformly Charged Membranes 375 16.1 Introduction 375 16.2 Basic Equations 375 16.3 Interaction Force 376 16.4 Isoelectric Points with Respect To Electrolyte Concentration 378 Reference 380 17 Electrostatic Repulsion Between Two Parallel Soft Plates After Their Contact 381 17.1 Introduction 381 17.2 Repulsion Between Intact Brushes 381 17.3 Repulsion Between Compressed Brushes 382 References 387 18 Electrostatic Interaction Between Ion-Penetrable Membranes In a Salt-free Medium 388 18.1 Introduction 388 18.2 Two Parallel Hard Plates 388 18.3 Two Parallel Ion-Penetrable Membranes 391 References 398 19 van der Waals Interaction Between Two Particles 399 19.1 Introduction 399 19.2 Two Molecules 399 19.3 A Molecule and a Plate 401 19.4 Two Parallel Plates 402 19.5 A Molecule and a Sphere 404 19.6 Two Spheres 405 19.7 A Molecule and a Rod 407 19.8 Two Parallel Rods 408 19.9 A Molecule and a Cylinder 408 19.10 Two Parallel Cylinders 410 19.11 Two Crossed Cylinders 412 19.12 Two Parallel Rings 412 19.13 Two Parallel Torus-Shaped Particles 413 19.14 Two Particles Immersed In a Medium 417 19.15 Two Parallel Plates Covered with Surface Layers 418 References 419 20 DLVO Theory of Colloid Stability 420 20.1 Introduction 420 20.2 Interaction Between Lipid Bilayers 420 20.3 Interaction Between Soft Spheres 425 References 429 Part III Electrokinetic Phenomena at Interfaces 431 21 Electrophoretic Mobility of Soft Particles 433 21.1 Introduction 433 21.2 Brief Summary of Electrophoresis of Hard Particles 433 21.3 General Theory of Electrophoretic Mobility of Soft Particles 435 21.4 Analytic Approximations for the Electrophoretic Mobility of Spherical Soft Particles 440 21.4.1 Large Spherical Soft Particles 440 21.4.2 Weakly Charged Spherical Soft Particles 444 21.4.3 Cylindrical Soft Particles 447 21.5 Electrokinetic Flow Between Two Parallel Soft Plates 449 21.6 Soft Particle Analysis of the Electrophoretic Mobility of Biological Cells and Their Model Particles 454 21.6.1 RAW117 Lymphosarcoma Cells and Their Variant Cells 454 21.6.2 Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel-Coated Latex 455 21.7 Electrophoresis of Nonuniformly Charged Soft Particles 457 21.8 Other Topics of Electrophoresis of Soft Particles 463 References 464 22 Electrophoretic Mobility of Concentrated Soft Particles 468 22.1 Introduction 468 22.2 Electrophoretic Mobility of Concentrated Soft Particles 468 22.3 Electroosmotic Velocity in an Array of Soft Cylinders 475 References 479 23 Electrical Conductivity of a Suspension of Soft Particles 480 23.1 Introduction 480 23.2 Basic Equations 480 23.3 Electrical Conductivity 481 References 484 24 Sedimentation Potential and Velocity in a Suspension of Soft Particles 485 24.1 Introduction 485 24.2 Basic Equations 485 24.3 Sedimentation Velocity of a Soft Particle 490 24.4 Average Electric Current and Potential 490 24.5 Sedimentation Potential 491 24.6 Onsager’s Reciprocal Relation 494 24.7 Diffusion Coefficient of a Soft Particle 495 References 495 25 Dynamic Electrophoretic Mobility of a Soft Particle 497 25.1 Introduction 497 25.2 Basic Equations 497 25.3 Linearized Equations 499 25.4 Equation of Motion of a Soft Particle 501 25.5 General Mobility Expression 501 25.6 Approximate Mobility Formula 503 References 506 26 Colloid Vibration Potential in a Suspension of Soft Particles 508 26.1 Introduction 508 26.2 Colloid Vibration Potential and Ion Vibration Potential 508 References 513 27 Effective Viscosity of a Suspension of Soft Particles 515 27.1 Introduction 515 27.2 Basic Equations 516 27.3 Linearized Equations 518 27.4 Electroviscous Coefficient 520 27.5 Approximation for Low Fixed-Charge Densities 523 27.6 Effective Viscosity of a Concentrated Suspension of Uncharged Porous Spheres 527 Appendix 27a 530 References 531 Part IV other Topics 533 28 Membrane Potential and Donnan Potential 535 28.1 Introduction 535 28.2 Membrane Potential and Donnan Potential 535 References 541 Index 543

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Book SynopsisThis book describes basic cell engineering methods, emphasizing stem cell applications, and use of the genetically modified stem cells in cell therapy and drug discovery. Together, the chapters introduce and offer insights on new techniques for engineering of stem cells and the delivery of transgenes into stem cells via various viral and non-viral systems. The book offers a guide to the types of manipulations currently available to create genetically engineered stem cells that suit any investigator''s purpose, whether it''s basic science investigation, creation of disease models and screens, or cells for therapeutic applications.Trade Review“This is an excellent resource on the new techniques for the engineering of stem cells and the delivery of transgenes into stem cells via various viral and nonviral systems. It provides comprehensive information on the concepts of cell engineering principles and their application in primary and stem cells. Researchers, established stem cell scientists, and graduate students interested in this field will find this book very handy.” (Doody’s, 17 August 2012) Table of ContentsForeword Michele Calos vii Preface ix Contributors xi Part I: Cloning and Gene Delivery 1 1. DNA Assembly Technologies Based on Homologous Recombination 3 Billyana Tsvetanova, Lansha Peng, Xiquan Liang, Ke Li, Jian-Ping Yang, Tony Ho, Josh Shirley, Liewei Xu, Jason Potter, Wieslaw Kudlicki, Todd Peterson, and Federico Katzen 2. Multigene Assembly for Construction of Synthetic Operons: Creation and Delivery of an Optimized All-IN-One Expression Construct for Generating Mouse iPS Cells 19 Takefumi Sone, Yoko Takata, Hiroe Kishine, Taichi Andoh, Fumio Imamoto, and Jonathan D. Chesnut 3. Strategies for the Delivery of Naked DNA 37 Jennifer C. Moore and Ronald P. Hart Part II: Nonintegrating Technologies 49 4. Episomal Vectors 51 Junying Yu 5. Nonintegrating DNA Virus 85 Chris Kemp and David Kuninger 6. Nonintegrating RNA Viruses 103 Noemi Fusaki 7. Protein Delivery 119 Xiao-Jian Han and Kazuhito Tomizawa Part III: Integrating Technologies 135 8. Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Mediated Stable Gene Delivery 137 Andrew Wilber, Xianzheng Zhou, Xin Huang, Dan S. Kaufman, and R. Scott McIvor 9. Integrating Viral Vectors for Gene Modifications 163 Gemma L. Mendel, Brian Paszkiet, and Rafal P. Witek 10. Bacteriophage Integrases for Site-Specific Integration 199 Bhaskar Thyagarajan 11. Improving Gene Targeting Efficiency in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells 211 Sangyoon Han, Anna McCann, Louise C. Laurent, Jeanne F. Loring, and Ying Liu Part IV: Applications 227 12. Modified Stem Cells as Disease Models and in Toxicology Screening 229 Catharina Ellerstr€om, Peter Sartipy, Raimund Strehl, and Johan Hyllner 13. Screening and Drug Discovery 251 Elizabeth A. Davenport and Robert S. Ames Index 273

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Book SynopsisAn integrative view of the evolution of genetics and the natural world Even in this advanced age of genomics, the evolutionary process of unicellular and multicellular organisms is continually in debate. Evolutionary Biology, CellCell Communication, and Complex Disease challenges current wisdom by using physiology to present an integrative view of the nature, origins, and evolution of fundamental biological systems. Providing a deeper understanding of the way genes relate to the traits of living organisms, this book offers useful information applying evolutionary biology, functional genomics, and cell communication studies to complex disease. Examining the 4.5 billion-year evolution process from environment adaptations to cell-cell communication to communication of genetic information for reproduction, Evolutionary Biology hones in on the why and how of evolution by uniquely focusing on the cell as the smallest unit of biologic structure and function. Based on empiricTrade Review"…the book offers the biology-savvy reader with interesting insights into the contribution of cell-cell interactions to the development and evolution of phenotypes. Given the technical nature of the subject, this book will have particular appeal among researchers and students of cellular and molecular biology and among evolutionary biologists interested in the pathways linking genes to phenotypes. In keeping with the complexity of the topic, there is much to digest here, and readers knowledgeable in these fields will find interesting food for thought.” (Quarterly Reviews in Biology, 1 July 2013) Table of ContentsPreface xi About the Authors xiii 1 THE CELLULAR ORIGIN OF VERTEBRATES 1 The Origins of Unicellular Life on Earth 1 Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes 4 Coevolution of traits 5 Cholesterol Facilitates Lipid Rafts for Cell–Cell Communication 7 The Endomembrane System 9 The Cellular Mechanism of Evolution 10 Why Evolve? 11 Cell–Cell Communication and Aging 12 2 REDUCING LUNG PHYSIOLOGY TO ITS MOLECULAR PHENOTYPES 17 Hormonal Acceleration of Lung Development 17 Neutral Lipid Traffi cking and Lung Evolution 19 Other Examples of Cellular Cooperativity 23 Summary 24 3 A CELL–MOLECULAR STRATEGY FOR SOLVING THE EVOLUTIONARY PUZZLE 25 Rationale for Cell–Molecular Evolution 25 Mechanism of Mammalian Lung Development 28 Avian Lung Structure–Function Relationship: The Exception that Proves the Rule 32 Does Ontogeny Recapitulate Phylogeny? The Role of PTHrP in Lung Development 32 Interrelationship between PTHrP, Development, Physiology, and Repair: Is Repair a Recapitulation of Ontogeny and Phylogeny? 33 4 THE EVOLUTION OF CELL–CELL COMMUNICATION 35 Cell–Cell Communication as the Mechanistic Basis for Evolutionary Biology 36 The Darwinian Biologic Spacetime Continuum and Einstein’s Vision of the Universe 37 Reverse Engineering of Physiologic Traits as a Portal for Viewing Evolution 38 Cell–Cell Communication as the Basis for the Evolution of Metazoans 41 Understanding Lung Evolution from the Middle Out 42 The Cell–Cell Communication Model of Lung Evolution Traces Contemporary Phenotypes Back to Ancestral Phenotypes 43 Predictive Value of the Lung Cell–Cell Communication Model for Understanding the Evolution of Physiologic Systems 44 Sexual Dimorphism of Lung Development: A Case Study in Cell–Cell Communication and Evolutionary Plasticity 46 Androgen Affects the Expression of Growth Factors Involved in Lung Development 48 Evidence for an Association between Steroid-Resistant/Responsive Phenotypes and Human Lymphocyte Antigen (HLA) Haplotypes 49 5 HOW TO INTEGRATE CELL-MOLECULAR DEVELOPMENT, HOMEOSTASIS, ECOLOGY, AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY: THE MISSING LINKS 53 Neutral Theory versus Intelligent Design 54 Internal Selection Theory 54 The Counterintuitive Nature of Physiology and Solution to the Dead Sea Scrolls Puzzle 57 The Continuum from Microevolution to Macroevolution 58 cis Regulation and Adaptive Evolution 69 Evolution of cis Regulatory Mechanisms 70 6 FROM CELL–CELL COMMUNICATION TO THE EVOLUTION OF INTEGRATED PHYSIOLOGY 75 Cell–cell Signaling and Alveolar Development: A Reductionist Approach to the Evolution of Physiologic Traits 77 An Integrated, Empiric, Middle–Out Approach to Physiology 79 A Molecular Evolutionary Link between the Lung and the Kidney? 82 The Berner Hypothesis and Emergence of the Adipocyte: The Evolutionary Origins of the Lipofi broblast 83 Lung Biology as a Cipher for Evolution 85 Do Stretch Effects on PTHrP Expression Reflect Its Role in Adapting to Gravity? 85 Wolff’s Law Works for Both Bone and Lung 88 Functional Relationship between the External and Internal Environments 89 An Evolutionary Vertical Integration of the Phylogeny and Ontogeny of the Thyroid 91 7 EXPLOITING CELL–CELL COMMUNICATION ACROSS SPACETIME TO DECONSTRUCT EVOLUTION 95 Somewhere between the Gene and the Phenotype Lies the Process of Evolution 98 A Functional Genomic Approach to Evolution as an Example of Terminal Addition 100 Seeking Deep Homologies in Lung Evolution 102 Systems Biology Based on Cell–Cell Communication 105 Vertical Integration of Leptin Signaling, Human Evolution, and the Trojan Horse Effect 108 Leptin and Human Evolution: Food for Thought 109 8 THE PERIODIC TABLE OF BIOLOGY 115 The Prospect of a Periodic Table of Biology 115 Cellular Cooperation Is Key 116 Elemental Biology 118 PTHrP as an Archetype 118 Evolution as the Solution 119 Ramping Up a Mathematical Model of Evolution 121 The Anthropic Principle Results from the Evolution of Cell–Cell Interactions 124 9 VALUE ADDED BY THINKING IN TERMS OF THE CELL–CELL COMMUNICATION MODEL FOR EVOLUTION 125 This is Not a Just-So Story 126 Beyond Genomics 128 From Fat Cells to Integrated Physiology 128 Molecular Homologies Distinguish between the Evolutionary Forest and Trees 129 The Oxygen–Cholesterol–Surfactant–Membrane Connection 130 Cholesterol Metabolism as the Data Operating System for Vertebrate Biology? 131 Translation of Genomics into the Periodic Table for Biology 132 Deep Homologies 134 Selection Pressure for Cell–Cell Communication: The Key to Understanding Evolution 135 10 CELL–CELL COMMUNICATION AS THE BASIS FOR PRACTICING CLINICAL MEDICINE 139 Cell–Cell Communication Maintenance and Breakdown Represent Heath and Disease, Respectively 140 Cell–Cell Communications as a Framework for Human Evolution 140 Canalization, Decanalization, and the Holistic Approach to the Practice of Medicine 141 Exploiting Lung Evolution to Prevent and Treat Chronic Lung Disease 141 Lung Evolution Explains the Magic of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 142 The Paradox of Infecting the Lung in Order to Treat Lung Disease Caused by Infection 143 Exploiting Lung Evolution to Prevent and Treat Smoking-Related Lung Damage 144 The Trojan Horse Effect of Canalization 145 Impetus for Evolutionary Science as an Integral Part of the Clinical Curriculum 146 Application of Evolutionary Science to Bioethics 147 Evolutionary Science, a Biologic Periodic Table, and a Unifi ed Theory of Biology 148 Summary 149 Name Index 151 Subject Index 153

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Book SynopsisThe ability to culture cells is fundamental for mass propagationand as a baseline for the genetic manipulation of plant nuclei andorganelles.Trade Review"In summary, this book is important for plant scientists as it thoroughly covers elementary technologies, providing the tools for comprehensive plant research." (The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1 September 2011) "For anyone working in the area of plant tissue culture, micro-propagation or transformation this book is essential reading." (The Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1 October 2011)Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. 1 Plant Micropropagation (Ivan Iliev, Alena Gajdosova, Gabriela Libiakova, Shri Mohan Jain). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Methods and approaches. 1.2.1 Explants and their surface disinfection. 1.2.2 Culture media and their preparation. 1.2.3 Stages of micropropagation. 1.2.4 Techniques of micropropagation. 1.3 Troubleshooting. References. 2 Thin Cell Layers: The Technique (Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva and Michio Tanaka). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Methods and approaches. 2.2.1 TCL. 2.2.2 Choice of material: Cymbidium hybrid. 2.3 Troubleshooting. 2.3.1 General comments. References. 3 Plant Regeneration – Somatic Embryogenesis (Kim E. Nolan, Ray J. Rose). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Methods and approaches. 3.2.1 Selection of the cultivar and type of explant. 3.2.2 Culture media. 3.2.3 Preparation of culture media. 3.2.4 Sterilization of tissues and sterile technique. 3.2.5 Culture and growth of tissue. 3.2.6 Culture and induction of somatic embryos. 3.2.7 Embryo development. 3.2.8 Transfer to soil – the final stage of regeneration. 3.3 Troubleshooting. References. 4 Haploid Plants (Sant S. Bhojwani and Prem K. Dantu). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Methods and approaches. 4.2.1 Androgenesis. 4.2.2 Diploidization. 4.3 Troubleshooting. References. 5 Embryo Rescue (Traud Winkelmann, Antje Doil, Sandra Reinhardt and Aloma Ewald). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Methods and approaches. 5.2.1 Identification of the time and type of barrier in hybridization. 5.2.2 Isolation of plant material after fertilization. 5.2.3 Culture conditions and media. 5.2.4 Confirmation of hybridity and ploidy. 5.2.5 Conditions for regeneration of embryos to plants. 5.3 Troubleshooting. References. 6 In vitro Flowering and Seed Set: Acceleration of Generation Cycles (Sergio J. Ochatt and Rajbir S. Sangwan). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Methods and approaches. 6.2.1 Protein legumes [7]. 6.2.2 Arabidopsis thaliana [13]. 6.3 Troubleshooting. References. 7 Induced Mutagenesis in Plants Using Physical and Chemical Agents (Chikelu Mba, Rownak Afza, Souleymane Bado and Shri Mohan Jain). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Methods and approaches. 7.2.1 Determination of the optimal doses of mutagens for inducing mutations. 7.3 Troubleshooting. 7.3.1 Factors influencing the outcome of mutagenesis using chemical mutagens. 7.3.2 Factors influencing the outcome of mutagenesis using physical mutagens. 7.3.3 Facts about induced mutations. References. 8 Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm (E.R. Joachim Keller and Angelika Senula). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Methods and approaches. 8.2.1 Main principles. 8.2.2 Slow (two-step) freezing. 8.2.3 Vitrification. 8.2.4 Encapsulation–dehydration. 8.2.5 DMSO droplet freezing. 8.2.6 Combined methods. 8.2.7 Freezing of cold-hardened buds. 8.2.8 Freezing of orthodox seeds. 8.2.9 Freezing of pollen and spores. 8.3 Troubleshooting. References. 9 Plant Protoplasts: Isolation, Culture and Plant Regeneration (Michael R. Davey, Paul Anthony, Deval Patel and J. Brian Power). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Methods and approaches. 9.2.1 Protoplast isolation. 9.2.2 Protoplast culture. 9.3 Troubleshooting. References. 10 Protoplast Fusion Technology – Somatic Hybridization and Cybridization (Jude W. Grosser, Milica Calovic and Eliezer S. Louzada). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 General applications of somatic hybridization. 10.3 Methods and approaches. 10.4 Troubleshooting. References. 11 Genetic Transformation – Agrobacterium (Ian S. Curtis). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Methods and approaches. 11.2.1 Agrobacterium as a natural genetic engineer. 11.2.2 Vector systems for transformation. 11.2.3 Inoculation procedures. 11.3 Troubleshooting. References. 12 Genetic Transformation – Biolistics (Fredy Altpeter and Sukhpreet Sandhu). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Methods and approaches. 12.2.1 Biolistic technology. 12.2.2 Optimization of gene delivery parameters. 12.2.3 Target tissues. 12.2.4 Reporter gene assays. 12.2.5 Selection and plant regeneration. 12.3 Troubleshooting. References. 13 Plastid Transformation (Bridget V. Hogg, Cilia L.C. Lelivelt, Aisling Dunne, Kim-Hong Nguyen and Jacqueline M. Nugent). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Methods and approaches. 13.2.1 Principles of plastid transformation. 13.2.2 Biolistic-mediated plastid transformation. 13.2.3 PEG-mediated plastid transformation. 13.2.4 Identification and characterization of transplastomic plants. 13.3 Troubleshooting. 13.3.1 Biolistic-mediated transformation. 13.3.2 PEG-mediated transformation. References. 14 Molecular Characterization of Genetically Manipulated Plants (Cristiano Lacorte, Giovanni Vianna, Francisco J.L. Aragao and El´ıbio L. Rech). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Methods and approaches. 14.2.1 Plant DNA extraction. 14.2.2 Polymerase chain reaction. 14.2.3 Southern blot technique. 14.2.4 Analysis of the integration site: inverse PCR (iPCR) and thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (Tail-PCR). 14.3 Troubleshooting. References. 15 Bioreactors (Spiridon Kintzios). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Methods and approaches. 15.2.1 Medium scale disposable or semidisposable airlift reactors. 15.2.2 The RITA temporary immersion reactor. 15.2.3 The LifeReactor. 15.2.4 Immobilized cell bioreactors. 15.2.5 Mini-bioreactors. 15.3 Troubleshooting. References. 16 Secondary Products (Kexuan Tang, Lei Zhang, Junfeng Chen, Ying Xiao, Wansheng Chen and Xiaofen Sun). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Methods and approaches. 16.2.1 Plant cell cultures. 16.2.2 Scale-up and regulation of secondary metabolite production. 16.2.3 Detection of secondary products. 16.3 Troubleshooting. References. 17 Plant Cell Culture – Present and Future (Jim M. Dunwell). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Micropropagation. 17.3 Embryogenesis. 17.3.1 Background. 17.3.2 Commercial exploitation of somatic embryos. 17.3.3 Molecular aspects of somatic embryogenesis. 17.3.4 Microspore derived embryos. 17.4 Haploid methodology. 17.4.1 Haploids and their exploitation. 17.4.2 Induction of haploid plants. 17.4.3 Molecular aspects of haploid induction from microspores. 17.4.4 Ab initio zygotic-like embryogenesis from microspores. 17.5 Somaclonal variation. 17.6 Transgenic methods. 17.6.1 Background. 17.6.2 Regeneration and transformation techniques. 17.6.3 Chloroplast transformation. 17.6.4 Biopharming. 17.7 Protoplasts and somatic hybridization. 17.8 Bioreactors. 17.8.1 Production of plant products. 17.8.2 Production of pharmaceuticals. 17.8.3 Production of food ingredients. 17.8.4 Production of cosmetics. 17.8.5 Analytical methodology. 17.9 Cryopreservation. 17.10 Intellectual property and commercialization. 17.10.1 Background. 17.10.2 Sources of patent and other relevant information. 17.11 Conclusion. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisPhloem: Molecular Cell Biology, Systemic Communication, Biotic Interactionsis a timely collection of research on the cellular and molecular biology of this plant vascular tissue. Recent advances in phloem research have revealed the centrality of this plant tissue to whole plant development and physiology. Building on advances made through developments of new analytical technologies, this book will provide readers with a current and comprehensive reference on the role of phloem in plant growth and development. Collecting the work of a global team of leading researchers,Phloem will provide the reader with a valuable synthesis of the latest research in a single volume.Table of ContentsContributors vii Section A Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Phloem, the Integrative Avenue 3 Aart J.E. van Bel and Gary A. Thompson Chapter 2 Cell Biology of Sieve Element–Companion Cell Complexes 8 Rosemary G. White Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Phloem Transport Physiology 30 John W. Patrick Section B Functional Aspects of Structural SE Components 61 Chapter 4 Roles of Plasma Membrane Transporters in Phloem Functions 63 Mechthild Tegeder, Yong-Ling Ruan, and John W. Patrick Chapter 5 Regulation of Sucrose Carrier Activities 102 Christina K¨uhn Chapter 6 Cellular Basis of Electrical Potential Waves along the Phloem and Impact of Coincident Ca2+ Fluxes 122 Jens B. Hafke and Aart J.E. van Bel Chapter 7 Sieve Element Occlusion 141 Michael Knoblauch and Daniel Mullendore Section C Long-Distance Signaling 155 Chapter 8 Sieve Elements: Puzzling Activities Deciphered through Proteomics Studies 157 Sylvie Dinant and William J. Lucas Chapter 9 Endogenous RNA Constituents of the Phloem and Their Possible Roles in Long-Distance Signaling 186 Julia Kehr and Anja Buhtz Chapter 10 The Effect of Long-Distance Signaling on Development 209 David J. Hannapel Chapter 11 Plant Defense and Long-Distance Signaling in the Phloem 227 Frank Gaupels and A. Corina Vlot Section D Biotic Interactions with the Phloem 249 Chapter 12 Role of Phloem Metabolites in Plant Defense 251 Jillian M. Hagel, Akpevwe Onoyovwi, Edward C. Yeung, and Peter J. Facchini Chapter 13 Viroids and Phloem-Limited Viruses: Unique Molecular Probes of Phloem Biology 271 Lucy R. Stewart, Biao Ding, and Bryce W. Falk Chapter 14 Phytoplasmas and Spiroplasmas: The Phytopathogenic Mollicutes of the Phloem 293 Allyson M. MacLean and Saskia A. Hogenhout Chapter 15 Breaching the Sieve Element—The Role of Saliva as the Molecular Interface between Aphids and the Phloem 310 Torsten Will, James C. Carolan, and Thomas L. Wilkinson Chapter 16 Behavioral and Molecular-Genetic Basis of Resistance against Phloem-Feeding Insects 328 Linda L. Walling and Gary A. Thompson Index 353 A color page section appears between pages 40 and 41

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Book SynopsisPlant Cells and Their Organelles provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and function of plant organelles. The text focuses on subcellular organelles while also providing relevant background on plant cells, tissues and organs.Table of ContentsContributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xii 1 An introduction to cells and their organelles 1 William V. Dashek Cells 1 Cell organelles – an introduction 6 Ion channels 10 Proton pumps 14 Water channels 14 Carriers 15 Cell death 17 References 18 Further reading 24 2 Isolation and characterization of subcellular organelles from plant cells 25 Milee Agarwal, P. Desai, and Harish Padh Isolation of subcellular organelles 26 Identification and characterization of isolated organelles 33 Summary 39 References 39 Further reading 41 3 Endoplasmic reticulum 42 William V. Dashek Structure 42 Chemical composition 42 Biogenesis 45 Functions 45 Posttranslational events 49 Inhibitors 53 In vitro protein synthesis 54 Other functions 54 References 54 Further reading 60 4 The Golgi apparatus 61 D. Davis, T.E. Wilkop, and Georgia Drakakaki The Golgi apparatus 61 Plant Golgi introduction 66 Structure and organization 69 Golgi‐mediated vesicular trafficking 71 Plant Golgi‐dependent cellular processes 74 Imaging and visualization 76 Isolation and analysis 78 Golgi genetics and genomics 81 Significance 84 Acknowledgment 85 References 85 Further reading 87 5 Microbodies 88 Robert Donaldson Introducing peroxisomes 88 Leaf peroxisomes 89 Peroxisomes in oil seeds and pollen 91 References 107 Further reading 109 6 Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments 110 William V. Dashek Microtubules 110 Intermediate filaments 113 Actin filaments (microfilaments) 116 References 119 Further reading 124 7 The mitochondrion 125 Ray J. Rose, Terence W.‐Y. Tiew, and William V. Dashek Structure and dynamics 125 The mitochondrial genome 128 Comparison of the mitochondrial genome with chloroplast and nuclear genomes 131 The mitochondrial proteome and protein import 132 Respiratory metabolite transporters 133 The electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation 133 The alternative electron transfer chain in plant mitochondria 139 Plant mitochondria, stress responses and programmed cell death 139 Other functions of plant mitochondria 140 References 144 Further reading 145 8 Nucleus 146 Yogesh Vikal and Dasmeet Kaur Structural organization of the NE 147 Nuclear pores 152 The nucleolus 157 Chromatin and chromosomes 165 DNA structure 170 DNA replication 173 RNA structure, function, and synthesis 176 Nucleocytoplasmic transport, nuclear import, and nuclear export 183 The dynamics of NE biogenesis during mitosis 188 The dynamics of nuclear pore complex biogenesis 196 Cell cycle control 200 Summary 205 References 206 Further reading 207 9 Plant cell walls 209 James E. Bidlack and William V. Dashek Introduction 209 Structure 209 Biosynthesis 216 Chemical composition 217 Biogenesis 222 Function 225 References 231 Further reading 238 10 Plastid structure and genomics 239 Gurbachan S. Miglani Plastid structure 239 Different forms of plastids 240 Plastid stromules 248 Chlorophyll biosynthesis 248 Plastid genomics 250 Sequenced plastomes 253 Promiscuous DNA 258 Plastid genome organization 260 Plastid gene organization, expression, and regulation 265 Systems biology approach in understanding chloroplast development 269 Chloroplast genetic engineering 284 Recent trends in chloroplast research 289 Summary 293 References 294 Further reading 299 11 Photosynthesis 300 J. Kenneth Hoober Introduction 300 Evolution of photosynthesis 301 Development of the chloroplast 310 Absorption of light energy 317 Generation of end products 324 Distribution of the photosystems in thylakoid membranes 329 Photoinhibition: damage and repair of the PS II reaction center 332 Protection of PS II by carotenoids 332 Incorporation of carbon as CO2 into carbohydrate 334 End products of carbon assimilation 346 Conclusions for the reactions of photosynthesis 348 References 348 Further reading 350 12 Vacuoles and protein bodies 351 William V. Dashek and Amy M. Clore Vacuoles 351 PBs and other protein storage compartments 359 References 365 Further reading 370 13 Systems biology in plant cells and their organelles 371 Rajdeep Kaur Grewal, Saptarshi Sinha, and Soumen Roy Systems biology—“omics” 371 Genomics 373 Lipidomics 378 Metabolomics 380 Proteomics 382 Transcriptomics 384 Synthetic biology 386 Acknowledgments 388 References 389 Further reading 391 Appendix A 392 Appendix B 400 Appendix C 403 Index 407

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Book SynopsisThis guide provides a comprehensive synthesis of proven methods for the culture and experimental manipulation of haemopoietic cells. Covering a range of human and mouse cell types, and featuring step-by-step laboratory procedures, it gives detailed instructions for reagent preparation.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: PRIMITIVE PROGENITOR ASSAYS. Cobblestone Area Forming Cell (CAFC) Assay (R. Ploemacher). Assay for Murine Blast Cell Colonies (N. Katayama & M.Ogawa). Serum-Deprived Cultures of Primary Hematopoietic Cells (G.Migliaccio & A. Migliaccio). COLONY-FORMING ASSAYS FOR MALIGNANT CELLS. Colony-Forming Assays for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (S. Rogers, etal.). LONG-TERM ASSAYS AND IMMORTALIZATION. Long-Term Culture of Human Myeloid Cells (H. Sutherland & C.Eaves). Immortalization of Hematopoietic Cells (C. MacDonald). PURIFICATION OF PROGENITOR CELLS. Purification of Murine Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells(CFU-GM) Using Counterflow Centrifugal Elutriation (S. Cooper &H. Broxmeyer). OTHER SYSTEMS AND ASSAYS. Culture of Human and Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (S. Perkins& R. Fleischman). List of Suppliers. Index.

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Book SynopsisBiofilms are formed by microorganisms growing on surfaces and comprise a series of microcolonies interspersed with spaces through which fluids and other microorganisms move. This book focuses on medical biofilms, covering information on the problems of biofilms, how to detect them and how to control their presence.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Glossary. 1. Microbial Biofilms in Medicine (J, Jass, S. Surman and J. Walker). 2. Biofilms Associated with Medical Devices and Implants. Problems of Biofilms Associated with Medical Devices and Implants (R. Donlan). Pathogenesis and Detection of Biofilm Formation, on Medical Impants (C. Von Eiff and G. Peters). Control of Biofilms Associated With Implanted Medical Devices (P. Gilbert, et al.). 3. Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Tissue Surfaces. Biofilm-Related Infections on Tissue Surfaces (S. Wai, Y. Mizunoe and J. Jass). Interaction of Biofilms with Tissues (M. Olson, H. Ceri and D. Morck). Control of Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Tissue Surfaces (G. Reid, et al. ). 4. Dental Plaque and Bacterial Colonization of Dental Materials. Dental Plaque and Bacterial Colonization (D. Spratt). Detection of Microorganisms in Dental Plaque (D. Dymock). Control of Dental Plaque (R. Sammons). 5. Biofilms Past, Present and Future-New Methods and Control Strategies in Medicine (J. Walker, S. Surman and J. Jass). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the environment and behaviour patterns of the Weddell seal. Based on his numerous expeditions to the Antarctic, Dr Kooyman has analysed the seal's diving physiology and acoustical biology.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. McMurdo sound; 2. The Weddell seal; 3. Breeding, birth and growth; 4. Cold; 5. Diving behaviour: Poseidon's pride; 6. Physiology of diving; 7. Food habits and energetics; 8. Under-ice orientation (summer day - winter night); 9. Distribution, abundance and mortality; 10. Future prospects; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe function of insect blood cells has long puzzled scientists. This much-needed volume, first published in 1979, attempts to explain the forms and functions of insect hemocytes, creating a solid basis from which work in the field may proceed. Insect Hemocytes had its origins in a symposium held at the XV International Congress of Entomology (1976). It is a coherent presentation whose contributors were some of the most eminent specialists in the field.Table of ContentsPreface; Part I. Development and Differentiation: 1. Embryonic hemocytes: origin and development H. Mori; 2. Postembryonic development and differentiation: hemopoietic tissues and their functions in some insects J. A. Hoffman, D. Zachary, D. Hoffman, M. Brehélin and A. Porte; 3. Multiplication of hemocytes D. Feir; Part II. Forms and Structure: 4. Hemocyte types: their structures, synonymies, interrelationships and taxonomic significance A. P. Gupta; 5. Surface and internal ultrastructure of hemocytes of some insects H. Akai and S. Sato; 6. Fine structure of hemocyte membranes and intercellular junctions formed during hemocyte encapsulation R. J. Baerwald; 7. Controversies about the coagulocyte Ch. Grégoire and G. Goffinet; 8. Controversies about hemocyte types in insects J. W. Arnold; 9. Hemocyte cultures and insect hemocytology S. S. Sohi; 10. Pathways and pitfalls in the classification and study of insect hemocytes J. C. Jones; Part III. Functions: 11. Hemocytes and growth in insects V. B. Wigglesworth; 12. Hemocytes and connective tissue: a critical assessment Doreen E. Ashhurst; 13. Role of hemocytes in defense against biological agents N. A. Ratcliffe and A. F. Rowley; 14. Cellular and humoral responses to toxic substances D. Feir; 15. Biochemical and ultrastructural aspects of synthesis, storage, and secretion in hemocytes A. C. Crossley; 16. Changes in hemocytes populations M. Shapiro; Part IV. Techniques: 17. Identification key for hemocytes types in hanging-drop preparations A. P. Gupta; 18. Insect hemocytes under light microscopy: techniques J. W. Arnold and C. F. Hinks; 19. Techniques for total and differential hemocytes counts and blood volume, and mitotic index determinations M. Shapiro; 20. Hemocytes techniques: advantaged and disadvantages M. Shapiro; 21. Light transmission and scanning electron microscopic techniques for insect hemocytes R. J. Baerwald; 22. Histochemical methods for hemocytes Doreen E. Ashhurst.

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Book SynopsisHow did life on earth originate? Did replication or metabolism come first in the history of life? In this updated and expanded second edition of Origins of Life, Freeman Dyson examines these questions and discusses the two main theories that try to explain how naturally occurring chemicals could organize themselves into living creatures.Trade Review'This is first class update of the first editon.' Peter Mata, SpaceflightTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Illustrious predecessors; 2. Experiments and theories; 3. A toy model; 4. Open questions; Bibliography; Author index.

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Book Synopsis* Provides up-to-date summaries of the latest molecular approaches in this rapidly expanding field. * Gives guidance on the appropriate choice of methods for particular problems in ecology, and their strengths and limitations.Table of Contents1. Molecular Ecology (A J Baker). 2. General Molecular Biology (R E Carter). 3. Polymerase Chain Reaction (T P Birt & A J Baker). 4. Protein Electrophoresis (A J Baker). 5. Solution DNA-DNA Hybridisation (A H Bledsoe & F H Sheldon). 6. DNA Fingerprinting using minisatellite probes (R E Carter). 7. Mitochondrial DNA (E Randi). 8. Characterization and Evolution of Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) Geners in Non-Model Organisms, with Examples from Birds (S V Edwards, J Nusser & J Gasper). 9. DNA-fragment markers in plants (C Ritland & K Ritland). 10. Microsatellites: Evolutionary and Methodological Background and Empirical Applications at individual, population and phylogenetic levels (K T Scribner & J M Pearce). 11. Introns (V Friesen). 12. Sex Identification using DNA markers (R Griffiths)

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Book SynopsisGene-based techniques have revolutionized our understanding of biology and had a direct impact on many aspects of our lives, from clinical medicine to agriculture. This book allows the reader to choose from pathways in discovering the concepts of molecular biology, the principles of a recombinant DNA technology and its key methods.Table of ContentsPreface. About the Route Maps format. The Concept Of Genes Is Developed. Genes Are Located To Chromosomes. Genes Are Composed Of DNA. The Chemical Building Blocks Of Nucelic Acids. Formation Of The DNA Double Helix. Packaging Of DNA Within Cells. Chromatin Structure And The Functional Activity Of Genes. Types And Functions Of DNA-Protein Interactions. Organization Of Genomes Into Multiple Chromosomes. Distribution Of Nucleic Acids Within Eukaryotic Cells. Types Of RNA Molecules. The Anatomy Of Eukaryotic Chromosomes. The Organisation Of Genes Within Chromosomes. The Molecular Anatomy Of Eukaryotic Genes. Chromosome Aberrations And Human Disease. Types Of Mutations And Their Effects. Forms Of Chemically Altered DNA; DNA Repair Mechanisms. Linkage Analysis. Pedigree Analysis And Modes Of Inheritance. Genes Dictate The Nature Of Proteins. The Nature Of The Genetic Code. Transcription: Forming Genetic Messages. Post-Transcriptional Processing Of Messenger RNA. Transfer And Ribosomal RNA Processing/Modification. Mechanisms Regulating Gene Expression. Transcriptional Regulatory Sequences. Operons And Prokaryotic Control Of Gene Expression. Transcription Factors And Gene Expression. In Vivo Translation: Decoding Genetic Messages. Sequences Involved In Cellular Protein Targeting. Eukaryotic Cell Division: Mitosis And Meiosis. Molecular Mechanisms Of Cell Cycle Control. Genetic Recombination Mechanisms. Gene Transfer During Bacterial Reproduction. Transposable Genetic Elements: Transposons. In Vivo DNA Replication. Genetic Control Of Development. The Natural Biology Of Bacteriophages. Bacteriophage Genetics. Recombinant DNA Technology. Enzymes Commonly Used In Molecular Biology Methods. Restriction Endonucleases. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms. Isolation Of Nucleic Acids From Cells And Tissues. Visualising Mucleic Acids. Electrophoresis Of Nucleic Acids. In Vitro Hybridisation. Types Of Hybridisation Assay Formats. Southern Blotting; In Situ Hybridisation. Measuring Transcriptional Activity Via Messenger RNA. Converting Messenger RNA Into Complementary DNA (Cdna). Methods For Determining DNA Nucleotide Sequences. The Polymerase Chain Reaction. Alternatives To PCR-Based In Vitro DNA/RNA Amplification. In Vitro Translation Methods. Types And Methods Of Gene Probe Generation. Chemical Synthesis Of Oligonucleotides. Types And Applications Of Nucleotide Analogues. Methods For Labelling Gene Probes. Fundamental Principles Of Cloning. The Nature Of Cloning Vectors. Inserting Foreign DNA Into Vectors. The Development Of Bacteriophage Vectors. Plasmids: Development As Clonign Vectors. Yeast-Derived Plasmid Vectors. Phagemids: Hybrid Phage And Plasmid Vectors. Vectors For Use In Plant And Animal Cells. Delivering DNA Into Cells; Principal Genomic And Cdna Cloning Strategies. Strategies For Identifying Desirable Recombinant Clones. Gene Mapping Techniques. Detecting DNA-Protein Interaction Sites. Detecting Promoter And Enhancer Sequences. Methods For Identifying Protein Encoding Sequences. Genetic Fingerprinting. Analysing Ancient Dnas. In Vitro Mutagenesis Methods. Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms. Genetically Engineered Plants. Genetically Engineered Animals. Molecular Techniques In Prenatal Diagnosis. The Genetics Of Cystic Fibrosis. The Dystrophin Gene And Muscular Dystrophies. Identifying The Gene For Huntingdon's Disease. Lipoprotein Genes And Heart Disease. The Detection Of Microbial Infections. Molecular Biology Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus And AIDS. Engineering Microbial Bioluminescence. Recombinant DNA Techniques In Vaccine Development. Receptors And Cellular Signalling Mechanisms. Oncogenes And The Molecular Basis Of Cancer. Molecular Diagnosis And Therapy Of Cancers. Drug Development Using Recombinant DNA Approaches. Protein Engineering. Immunoglobulin Genetics. Genetic Engineering Of Recombinant Antibodies. Current Approaches To Gene Therapy. The Human Genome Mapping Project. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisA new therapeutic strategy could break the stalemate in the war on cancer by targeting not all cancerous cells but the small fraction that lie at the root of cancers. Lucie Laplane offers a comprehensive analysis of cancer stem cell theory, based on an original interdisciplinary approach that combines biology, biomedical history, and philosophy.Trade ReviewLaplane places us right in the center of an urgently important discussion of cancer stem cells and the therapies that should accompany different theories. Her fresh philosophical perspective introduces us to a science in process, where the outcome is unknown and even the terms of debate remain contested. -- Jane Maienschein, author of Embryos under the MicroscopeIf you had doubts about the utility of philosophy for science, read this book. Its lucid exploration of stem cells will convince you that even cancer therapy can benefit from the lights of philosophy. -- Michel Morange, author of A History of Molecular BiologyBuilds a much broader framework for understanding the biology of stem cells of all types…Laplane’s rigorous analyses unveil deep semantic and conceptual problems in the field…Laplane’s stemness framework should be of great value…A philosopher may indeed have straightened out the stem-cell field. -- Hans Clever * Nature *

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Book SynopsisWhether classified as regulators of inflammation, metabolism, or other functions, a distinctive set of molecules enables the body to convey information from one cell to another. Giamila Fantuzzi offers a primer on molecular mediators that coordinate complex bodily processes, and explores the consequences of their discovery for modern medicine.Trade ReviewFrom the way our brain thinks to how our body fights germs, the wonders of human life are fundamentally about how our cells and tissues interact. This book is a tour de force about how this communication happens. Examined with passion and insight, a wondrous and important story unfolds about how the human body really works above and beyond the level of individual genes and cells. -- Daniel M. Davis, author of The Compatibility GeneThe scholarship in the book is truly impressive. The interviews are revealing portraits of accomplished scientists. The writing style is lucid and purged of jargon so as to be intelligible to non-scientists. All in all this is a valuable and eminently readable record of the birth and development of a field that has had a dramatic impact on human health. -- Scott Durum, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteReading this work will keep the reader current on a substantial number of recent, important studies on cell-to-cell information transfer. The reader will enjoy the personal essays and then want to read more about the scientific contributions. It is fascinating to find a work that is genuinely informative and also a joy to read. No matter the nature of the reader’s background, he or she will learn an immense amount of information from this book. -- F. W. Yow * Choice *

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Book SynopsisJames DeGregori proposes a way of thinking about cancer as a disease of evolutionone in which mutated cells outcompete healthy cells in the ecosystem of the body's tissues. By tying cancer's progression to natural selection and evolved strategies for reproductive success, his theory goes far in explaining who gets cancer, when it appears, and why.Trade ReviewWith engaging prose and an authoritative review of new research, Adaptive Oncogenesis: A New Understanding of How Cancer Evolves inside Us corrects the fundamental attribution error that has focused cancer research on malignant cells and their genes. Adaptive oncogenesis, or ‘EcoOncogenesis,’ shows that the ecosystems surrounding cells are equally important, responsible for creating selection forces that speed or slow the evolution of cancer. With huge implications for prevention and treatment, this book is required reading for cancer researchers and clinicians, and a pleasure read for anyone who appreciates fascinating new science. -- Randolph Nesse, Center for Evolution and Medicine at Arizona State UniversityDeGregori’s vision of cancer as an adaptive ecosystem is insightful and cogent. Adaptive Oncogenesis: A New Understanding of How Cancer Evolves inside Us, an evolutionary explanation for the risk of cancer as we age, is a provocative and refreshing revision of the prevailing gene-centric paradigm. -- Mel Greaves, The Institute of Cancer ResearchTo understand how and why tumors progress, James DeGregori argues that we must apply evolutionary principles to cancer. This book is a seamless discussion of natural evolutionary processes, ranging from longevity in rodents to bacterial antibiotic resistance, and drawing parallels to tumorigenesis. It is a must-read for everyone who wants to understand tumor evolution. -- Kornelia Polyak, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteTo paraphrase Dobzhansky, cancer only makes sense in the light of evolution. In Adaptive Oncogenesis: A New Understanding of How Cancer Evolves inside Us, DeGregori challenges the commonly held view that it takes time for a normal cell to mutate into a cancer cell. He makes the compelling case that the ability to select against cancer becomes weaker as an individual gets older and the odds of reproduction decline. -- Angelika Amon, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MITAt every point in our lives, the body holds the mutations necessary to cause cancer; why then does cancer develop primarily at certain times or after specific exposures? With crisp thinking and engaging prose, James DeGregori’s surprisingly readable book argues that cancer is a disease caused by damaged tissues rather than gene mutations. The implications of this revolutionary work have the potential to change the focus of cancer research, and especially research on cancer prevention, with emphasis on using the body’s own calculus of natural selection to keep cancers in check. -- Garth Sundem, author of Brain Trust: 93 Top Scientists Reveal Lab-Tested Secrets to Surfing, Dating, Dieting, Gambling, Growing Man-Eating Plants, and More!Adaptive Oncogenesis: A New Understanding of How Cancer Evolves inside Us is a highly readable and entertaining book, offering a fascinating new look at cancer through an evolutionary and ecological lens. With novel insights and thoughtful observations, James DeGregori guides his audience through the promise of new ideas, examining novel applications of Darwin’s principles as well as modern technological advancements connected to cancer biology and treatment. -- Robert A. Gatenby, Moffitt Cancer CenterA fresh view on how cancer originates and evolves, challenging the mutation-centric dogma of cancer genesis…An important book, accessible to general readers, teachers, and nonexpert biologists, and a must read for medical doctors and drug developers aiming to design effective cancer therapies, as it introduces the fundamental concept of evolution and tissue homeostasis into therapy design. -- Miguel Costa Coelho * Quarterly Review of Biology *

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Book SynopsisThis third, fully revised edition, brings the reader up to date with recent advances made in the study of disease at the molecular and cellular level, and examines the new possibilities for treatment. Subjects covered include methods used in molecular medicine and the polymerase chain reaction.Table of ContentsMolecular and cell biology in clinical medicine; methods in molecular medicine; the polymerase chain reaction - a tool for molecular medicine; an introduction to cells; stem cells in normal growth and disease; cell reproduction; apoptosis (programmed cell death); cell to cell and cell to matrix adhesion; how do receptors at the cell surface transmit signals to the cell interior?; membrane traffic, from cell to clinic; cytoskeleton and disease; the cell nucleus' gene regulation and transcription factors; genes and cancer; human congenital malformations - insights from molecular genetics; molecular genetics of common diseases; impact of molecular biology on clinical genetics; monoclonal antibodies in medicine; production and use of therapeutic agents; gene therapy.

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Book SynopsisTropisms, the defined vectorial stimuli, such as gravity, light, touch, humidity gradients, ions, oxygen, and temperature, which provide guidance for plant organ growth, is a rapidly growing and changing field. The last few years have witnessed a true renaissance in the analysis of tropisms.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. 1. Mechanisms of Gravity Perception in Higher Plants: Aline H. Valster and Elison B. Blancaflor. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Identification and characterization of gravity perception sites in plant organs. 1.2.1 Roots. 1.2.2 Hypocotyls and inflorescence stems (dicotyledons). 1.2.3 Cereal pulvini (monocotyledons). 1.3 The Starch-statolith hypothesis. 1.3.1 A variety of plant organs utilize sedimenting amyloplasts to sense gravity. 1.3.2 Amyloplast sedimentation is influenced by the environment and developmental stage of the plant. 1.4 The gravitational pressure model for gravity sensing. 1.5 The cytoskeleton in gravity perception. 1.6 Concluding remarks and future prospects. 1.7 Acknowledgment. 1.8 Literature Cited. 2. Signal Transduction in Gravitropism: Benjamin R. Harrison, Miyo T. Morita, Patrick H. Masson and Masao Tasaka. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Gravity signal transduction in roots and above-ground organs. 2.2.1 Do mechano-sensitive ion channels function as gravity receptors?. 2.2.2 Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate seems to function in gravity signal transduction. 2.2.3 Do pH changes contribute to gravity signal transduction?. 2.2.4 Proteins implicated in gravity signal transduction. 2.2.5 Global ‘-omic’ approaches to the study of root gravitropism. 2.2.6 Re-localization of auxin transport facilitators or activity regulation?. 2.2.7 Could cytokinin also contribute to the gravitropic signal?. 2.3 Gravity signal transduction in organs that do not grow vertically. 2.4 Acknowledgments. 2.5 Cited Literature. 3. Auxin Transport and the Integration of Gravitropic Growth: Gloria K. Muday and Abidur Rahman. 3.1 Introduction to auxins. 3.2 Auxin transport and its role in plant gravity response. 3.3 Approaches to Identify Proteins that Mediate IAA Efflux. 3.4 Proteins that Mediate IAA Efflux. 3.5 IAA influx carriers and their role in gravitropism. 3.6 Regulation of IAA efflux protein location and activity during gravity response. 3.6.1 Mechanisms that may control localization of IAA efflux carriers. 3.6.2 Regulation of IAA efflux by synthesis and degradation of efflux carriers. 3.6.3 Regulation of auxin transport by reversible protein phosphorylation. 3.6.4 Regulation of auxin transport by flavonoids. 3.6.5 Regulation of auxin transport by other signaling pathways. 3.6.6 Regulation of gravity response by ethylene. 3.7 Overview of the mechanisms of auxin induced growth. 3.8 Conclusions. 3.9 Acknowledgements. 3.10 Cited Literature. 4. Phototropism and its Relationship to Gravitropism: Jack L. Mullen and John Z. Kiss. 4.1 Phototropism: General Description and Distribution. 4.2 Light Perception. 4.3 Signal Transduction and Growth Response. 4.4 Interactions with Gravitropism. 4.5 Importance to Plant Form and Function. 4.6 Conclusions and outlook. 4.7 References. 5. Touch Sensing and Thigmotropism: Gabriele B. Monshausen, Sarah J. Swanson and Simon Gilroy. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Plant mechanoresponses. 5.2.1 Specialized touch responses. 5.2.2 Thigmomorphogenesis and thigmotropism. 5.3 General principles of touch perception. 5.3.1 Gating through membrane tension: the mechanoreceptor for hypoosmotic stress in bacteria, MscL. 5.3.2 Gating through tethers: the mechanoreceptor for gentle touch in Caenorhabditis elegans. 5.3.3 Evidence for mechanically gated ion channels in plants. 5.4 Signal transduction in Touch & Gravity Perception. 5.4.1 Ionic signaling. 5.4.2 Ca2+ signaling in the touch and gravity response. 5.5 Insights from transcriptional profiling. 5.6 Interaction of touch and gravity signaling/response. 5.7 Conclusion and Perspectives. 5.8 Acknowledgements. 5.9 Cited Literature. 6. Other Tropisms and their Relationship to Gravitropism: Gladys I. Cassab. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Hydrotropism. 6.2.1 Early studies of hydrotoprism. 6.2.2 Genetic analysis of hydrotropism. 6.2.3 Perception of moisture gradients and gravity stimuli by the root cap and the curvature response. 6.2.4 ABA and the hydrotropic response. 6.2.5 Future experiments. 6.3 Electrotropism. 6.4 Chemotropism. 6.5 Thermotropism and oxytropism. 6.6 Traumatropism. 6.7 Overview. 6.8 Acknowledgments. 6.9 Literature cited. 7. Single-Cell Gravitropism and Gravitaxis: Markus Braun and Ruth Hemmersbach. Introduction. 7.1 Definitions of responses to environmental stimuli that optimize the ecological fitness of single-cell organisms. 7.2 Occurrence and significance of gravitaxis in single-cell systems. 7.3 Significance of gravitropism in single-cell systems. 7.4 What makes a cell a biological gravity sensor?. 7.5 Gravity susception - the initial physical step of gravity sensing. 7.6 Susception in the statolith-based systems of Chara. 7.7 Susception in the statolith-based system Loxodes. 7.8 Susception in the protoplast-based systems of Euglena and Paramecium. 7.9 Graviperception in the statolith-based systems of Chara. 7.10 Graviperception in the statolith-based system Loxodes. 7.11 Graviperception in the protoplast-based systems Paramecium and Euglena. 7.12 Signal transduction pathways and graviresponse mechanisms in the statolith-based systems of Chara. 7.13 Signal transduction pathways and graviresponse mechanisms in Euglena and Paramecium. 7.14 Conclusions. 7.15 Acknowledgements. 7.18 Cited Literature. 8. Space-Based Research on Plant Tropisms: Melanie J. Correll and John Z. Kiss. 8.1 Introduction - the variety of plant movements. 8.2 The microgravity environment. 8.3 Ground-based studies: mitigating the effects of gravity. 8.4 Gravitropism. 8.4.1 Gravitropism: gravity perception. 8.4.2 Gravitropism: signal transduction. 8.4.3 Gravitropism: the curving response. 8.5 Phototropism. 8.6 Hydrotropism, autotropism and oxytropism. 8.7 Studies of other plant movements in microgravity. 8.8 Spaceflight hardware used to study tropisms. 8.9 Future outlook and prospects. 8.10 Cited Literature. . 9. Plan(t)s for Space Exploration: Christopher S. Brown, Heike Winter Sederoff, Eric Davies, Robert J. Ferl, and Bratislav Stankovic. Introduction. 9.1 Human missions to space. 9.2 Life support. 9.3 Genomics and space exploration. 9.4 Nanotechnology. 9.5 Sensors, biosensors and intelligent machines. 9.6 Plan(t)s for space exploration. 9.7 Imagine…. 9.8 Literature cited

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of Structure in Protein Chemistry showcases the latest developments and innovations in the field of protein structure analysis and prediction. The book begins by explaining how proteins are purified and describes methods for elucidating their sequences of amino acids and defining their posttranslational modifications. Comprehensive explanations of crystallography and of noncovalent forces-ionic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and the hydrophobic effect-act as a prelude to an exhaustive description of the atomic details of the structures of proteins. The resulting understanding of protein molecular structure forms the basis for discussions of the evolution of proteins, the symmetry of the oligomeric associations that produce them, and the chemical, mathematical, and physical basis of the techniques used to study their structures. The latter include image reconstruction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, proton exchange, optical spectroscopy, electroTable of Contents1. Purification 2. Electronic Structure 3. Sequences of Polymers 4. Crystallographic Molecular Models 5. Noncovalent Forces 6. Atomic Details 7. Evolution 8. Counting Polypeptides 9. Symmetry 10. Chemical Probes of Structure 11. Immunochemical Probes of Structure 12. Physical Measurements of Structure 13. Folding and Assembly 14. Membranes

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Book SynopsisNuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy is a dynamic way for scientists of all kinds to investigate the physical, chemical, and biological properties of matter. Its many applications make it a versatile tool previously subject to monolithic treatment in reference-style texts. Based on a course taught for over ten years at Brandeis University, this is the first textbook on NMR spectroscopy for a one-semester course or self-instruction. In keeping with the authors' efforts to make it a useful textbook, they have included problems at the end of each chapter.The book not only covers the latest developments in the field, such as GOESY (Gradient Enhanced Overhauser Spectroscopy) and multidimensional NMR, but includes practical examples using real spectra and associated problem sets. Assuming the reader has a background of chemistry, physics and calculus, this textbook will be ideal for graduate students in chemistry and biochemistry, as well as biology, physics, and biophysiTable of Contents1. What Is Spectroscopy? 2. Elementary Aspects of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 3. Elementary Aspects of NMR II: Fourier Transform NMR 4. Nuclear Spin Relaxation and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect 5. Classical and Quantum Descriptions of NMR Experiments in Liquids 6. Density Operator and Product Operator Descriptions of NMR Experiments in Liquids 7. Homonuclear Two-Dimensional NMR Experiments and Coherence Selection 8. Heteronuclear Correlations in NMR 9. Building Blocks for Multidimensional NMR and Special Considerations for Biological Applications of NMR 10. NMR under Anisotropic Conditions: NMR in the Solid State and Ordered Fluids 11. Relaxation Revisited: Dynamic Processes and Paramagnetism 12. Diffusion, Imaging, and Flow

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Book SynopsisDevelopmental Neurobiology tells the extraordinary process of neural development by showing how the scientific discoveries were made and how the hypotheses evolved over time. Each chapter explores the specific mechanisms of development while highlighting the key experiments and methods used to make those discoveriesincluding descriptions of, and experiments utilizing, both invertebrate and vertebrate animal models. This distinctive approach provides the essential facts while strengthening the reader's appreciation of the scientific method. Discussions of neurodevelopmental disorders and therapeutic approaches to them will captivate those interested in the more clinical aspects of the field. With its clear illustrations and easy-to-follow writing style, Developmental Neurobiology presents an accessible approach to neural development for undergraduate students.Trade ReviewDevelopmental Neurobiology … is stimulating me to consider reviving my upper-level developmental neurobiology course, … [it] is a refreshingly powerful new textbook … because it is so obviously designed with advanced undergraduate readers in mind … Thus, a substantial part of my delight in this textbook arises from its frequent and colorful figures. Developmental Neurobiology … skillfully shares the wonder and mysteries of how the nervous system arises for an undergraduate audience. It is a thoughtful textbook that provides a strong resource to our community and our students …"--The Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education, Fall 2018, 17 (1)Developmental Neurobiology … is stimulating me to consider reviving my upper-level developmental neurobiology course, … [it] is a refreshingly powerful new textbook … because it is so obviously designed with advanced undergraduate readers in mind … Thus, a substantial part of my delight in this textbook arises from its frequent and colorful figures. Developmental Neurobiology … skillfully shares the wonder and mysteries of how the nervous system arises for an undergraduate audience. It is a thoughtful textbook that provides a strong resource to our community and our students …"--The Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education, Fall 2018, 17 (1)Table of Contents1. An Introduction to Developmental Neurobiology 2. Neural Induction 3. Segmentation of the Anterior–Posterior Axis 4. Patterning Along the Dorsal–Ventral Axis 5. Proliferation and Migration of Neurons 6. Cell Determination and Early Differentiation 7. Neurite Outgrowth, Axonal Pathfinding, and Initial Target Selection 8. Neuronal Survival and Programmed Cell Death 9. Synaptic Formation and Reorganization: The Neuromuscular Junction 10. Synaptic Formation and Reorganization: The Central Nervous System

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Book SynopsisPrinciples of Evolution covers all aspects of the subject. Following an introductory section that provides necessary background, it has chapters on the evidence for evolution that cover the fossil record, DNA-sequence homologies, and protein homologies (evo-devo). It also includes a full history of life from the first universal common ancestor, through the rise of the eukaryote and on to the major groups of phyla. This section is followed by one on the mechanism of evolution with chapters on variation, selection and speciation. The main part of the book ends with a chapter on human evolution and this is followed by appendices that expand on the making of fossils, the history of the subject and creationism.What marks this book as different from others on evolution is its systems-biology perspective. This new area focuses on the role of protein networks and on multi-level complexity, and is used in three contexts. First, most biological activity is driven by such netwoTable of ContentsSECTION 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO EVOLUTION1. Approaching Evolution2. A Potted History of Evolutionary Science3. Life Today: Species, Diversity, and ClassificationSECTION 2: THE EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION4. The Fossil Record5. Darwinian Descent With Modification: Evolutionary Taxonomy and Cladistics6. The Anatomical Evidence for Vertebrate Evolution: From Fish to Birds7. The Anatomical Evidence for Vertebrate Evolution: Mammals8. The Genomic Evidence for Evolution9. The First Three Billion Years of Life: From the First Universal Common Ancestor to the Last Eukaryote Common Ancestor and Beyond10. Evo-devo 1: Embryos11. Evo-devo 2: The Evidence From Functional HomologiesSECTION 3: THE MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION12. Variation 1: Populations and Genes13. Variation 2: Clades and Networks14. Adaptation, Fitness, and Selection15. Speciation16. Human Evolution17. ConclusionsAPPENDICESAppendix 1. Systems BiologyAppendix 2. A History of Evolutionary ThoughtAppendix 3. Rocks, Dates, and FossilsAppendix 4. Evolution Versus Creationism

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Book SynopsisA First Course in Systems Biology is an introduction for advanced undergraduate and graduate students to the growing field of systems biology. Its main focus is the development of computational models and their applications to diverse biological systems. The book begins with the fundamentals of modeling, then reviews features of the molecular inventories that bring biological systems to life and discusses case studies that represent some of the frontiers in systems biology and synthetic biology. In this way, it provides the reader with a comprehensive background and access to methods for executing standard systems biology tasks, understanding the modern literature, and launching into specialized courses or projects that address biological questions using theoretical and computational means.New topics in this edition include: default modules for model design, limit cycles and chaos, parameter estimation in Excel, model representations of gene regulation through transcription factors, derivation of the Michaelis-Menten rate law from the original conceptual model, different types of inhibition, hysteresis, a model of differentiation, system adaptation to persistent signals, nonlinear nullclines, PBPK models, and elementary modes. The format is a combination of instructional text and references to primary literature, complemented by sets of small-scale exercises that enable hands-on experience, and large-scale, often open-ended questions for further reflection.Table of Contents1. Biological Systems2. Introduction to Mathematical Modeling3. Static Network Models4. The Mathematics of Biological Systems5. Parameter Estimation6. Gene Systems7. Protein Systems8. Metabolic Systems9. Signaling Systems10. Population Systems11. Integrative Analysis of Genome, Protein, and Metabolite Data: A Case Study in Yeast12. Physiological Modeling: The Heart as an Example13. Systems Biology in Medicine and Drug Development14. Design of Biological Systems15. Emerging Topics in Systems Biology

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Book SynopsisBiology is central to our understanding of health and disease and to the development of effective treatments, and thus it is critical that health professionals have a solid grounding and knowledge comfort in the pathogenesis and mechanisms of disease processes. This innovative new textbook draws these topics together, providing an accessible introduction across four central disciplines - basic biology, biotechnology, non-infectious disease and infectious disease.Key Features: Provides students of biology and those going into health care professions with a strong foundation to understand the pathogenesis of disease at the molecular and cellular level Focuses on the etiology and pathophysiology of the major human diseases by body system, including diabetes and nutritional disorders, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, aligned to medicine and health science course structure Covers mechanisms of infectious disease tranTable of Contents1. Chemical Basis of Life2. Cell Structure and Function3. Protein Structure and Function4. Molecular Biology5. Genetics and Evolution6. Genomics and the Omics Revolution7. Genetic Engineering8. Cell Differentiation and Stem Cells9. The Immune System10. Disease Overview and Molecular Biomarkers11. Genetic Diseases12. Nutritional Disorders13. Diabetes14. Cardiovascular Disease15. Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiorenal Syndrome16. Cancer17. Immunological Disorders18. Drug Misuse Associated Disorders19. Infectious Diseases20. Respiratory tract Infections21. Diarrheal Diseases22. HIV/AIDS and other Sexually Transmitted Diseases23. Malaria and other Vector Transmitted Diseases24. Parasitic Helminths

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Book SynopsisThis balanced volume provides a broad and coherent overview of recent progress in membrane fusion researchhighlighting an interdisciplinary treatment of the subject from the fields of biophysics, biochemistry, cell biology, virology, and biotechnologyin a single volume., Featuring easy-access sections on the general properties of membranes and applications of membrane fusion techniques, this valuable sourcebook outlines membrane structure, lipid polymorphism, and intermembrane forces ... covers membrane fusion in model systems ... presents the fusogenic properties of enveloped viruses ... discusses the fusion and flow of intracellular membranes and cell-cell fusion occurring during fertilization and myogenesis ... offers applications of membrane fusion techniques in cell-biological research and biotechnology ... and more., Supplying a comprehensive view of this exciting topic, Membrane Fusion is a working resource for molecular, cell, and membrane biologists; biophysicists; biochemiTable of ContentsPreface, Contributors, Introduction, I. GENERAL ASPECTS OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, 1. Lipid and Protein Structure of Biological Membranes, 2. Lipid Polymorphism, 3. Forces Governing Lipid Interaction and Rearrangement, II. MEMBRANE FUSION IN MODEL SYSTEMS, 4. Membrane Fusion in Lipid Vesicle Systems: An Overview, 5. Modeling of Aggregation and Fusion of Phospholipid Vesicles, 6. Role of Nonbilayer Lipids in Membrane Fusion, 7. Fusion of Zwitterionic Phospholipid Vesicles, 8. Fusion of Phospholipid Vesicles with Planar Phospholipid Membranes, 9. Fusion of Liposomes Induced and Modulated by Proteins and Polypeptides, 10. Effects of an Integral Membrane Glycoprotein on Phospholipid Vesicle Fusion, 11. Membrane Fusion Induced by Polyethylene Glycol, 12. Modulation of Membrane Fusion by Glycolipids and Lectin-Mediated Intermembrane Contact, III. FUSOGENIC PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES, 13. Membrane Fusion and the Infectious Entry of Viruses into Cells: An Overview, 14. Fusion of Enveloped Viruses: From Microscopic Observation to Kinetic Simulation, 15. Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and Membrane Fusion, 16. Fusion of Viruses with Phospholipid Vesicles at Neutral pH, 17. The Role of Envelope Glycoproteins in the Fusion of Sendai Virus with Liposomes, 18. Functional Reconstitution of Viral Envelopes, IV. INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANE TRAFFIC, 19. Membrane Cycling Through the Endocytotic and Exocytotic Pathways: An Overview, 20. Cell-Free Systems for Studying the Pathway of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis, 21. Specific Conditions for Fusion of Membranes of Nuclear Envelopes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi Apparatus from Vertebrate Cells, 22. Reconstitution of Transport Between Early Compartments of the Secretory Pathway Using Cell-Free Systems, 23. Cytoplasmic Determinants of Exocytotic Membrane Fusion, 24. Permeabilized Cells: An Approach to the Study of Exocytosis, 25. Ultrastructural Aspects of Exocytosis, V. CELL-CELL FUSION, 26. Fusion of Myoblasts, 27. Fusion of Sperm and Egg Plasma Membranes During Fertilization, VI. APPLICATIONS OF MEMBRANE FUSION TECHNIQUES, 28. Experimental and Technological Applications of Cell-Cell Fusion: An Overview, 29. Electrofusion and Electropermeabilization in Genetic Engineering, 30. The Production of Monoclonal Antibodies, 31. pH-Sensitive Liposomes: Introduction of Foreign Substances into Cells, 32. Sendai Virus Envelopes as a Biological Carrier: Reconstitution, Targeting, and Application, 33. Enveloped Viruses as a Tool in the Study of Lipid Organization in the Plasma Membrane of Epithelial Cells, 34. Structure and Function of Bacterial Membranes: Insertion of Exogenous Lipids and Proteins by Fusion with Lipid Vesicles, 35. Modulation and Analysis of Structure and Function of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Through the Application of Phospholipid Enrichment and Membrane Fusion Techniques, 36. Liposomal Drug Delivery: Current Status and Future Prospects, Index

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Book SynopsisInvestigating a range of biological techniques to clarify the structure and function of this transmembrane protein, this text includes step-by-step protocols for each method, thus providing a framework for the study of other membrane proteins.Table of ContentsIn the search for an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease, APP is a unique model protein that illustrates the wide array of basic and sophisticated characterization techniques available. Amyloid Precursor Protein: A Practical Approach presents a variety of biological techniques utilized in genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, and biochemistry to elucidate the structure and function of this transmembrane protein. Each technique is presented with detailed, step-by-step protocols to achieve reproducible results and provide a framework for studying other membrane proteins. These protocols also form the core of the authors' approach to elucidating the function of APP.

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Book SynopsisA cross between a dictionary and an encyclopedia, Desk Reference for Hematology, Second Edition presents a concise yet thorough examination of hematology and its relationship with other systems and disorders. The 1500 alphabetically listed articles provide quick and easy access to expert information, the 150 tables put precise data at your fingertips, and the 100 figures are a visual tool that clarify the text. The book also includes 500 references on state-of-the-art guidelines and recent developments.See whatâs new in the Second Edition: Revised articles emphasizing genetics, physiology, pathological mechanisms Updated coverage of treatments for leukemia, lymphoma, coagulation, and thrombotic disorders Hundreds of completely new articles, new illustrations, and new explanatory diagrams as well as revised tables Completely revised, this edition covers hematopoiesis, red blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, platelets and hemostasis where the respective physiology is described anemias, leukemias, lymphomas, auto-immune disorders, hemorrhagic disorders, and thrombosis where etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment is described. The book includes coverage of blood groups and the practice of blood component therapy. The editor pays particular attention to recent developments in hematological molecular genetics and leukemogenesis. The information is cross-referenced with words highlighted in bold face within an article to indicate that further information on the subject is available under the emboldened heading. A separate table provides common abbreviations used widely throughout the text. Carefully designed for ease of use, the book provides speedy access to authoritative information on the scientific basis of blood disorders and their treatment.Table of ContentsContents are listed alphabetically by subject.

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Book SynopsisThe current technology and its applications in flow cytometry are presented in this comprehensive reference work. Described in explicit detail are the instrumentation and its components, and applications of the technology in cell biology, immunology, pharmacology, genetics, hematology and clinical medicine. Methods for data analysis, including both hardware and software, and explicit experimental techniques for making specific measurements are presented.Material is divided by topic into two volumes: Volume I covers instrumentation, genetics, and cell structure; Volume II contains material on cell function studies by flow cytometry.This reference is essential for both the novice and the experienced investigator using flow cytometry in research, and for students of cell biology, biomedical engineering, and medical technology.Table of ContentsVOLUME I: INSTRUMENTATION. Dual Laser Excitation Flow Cytometry: The State-of-the-Art. Differential Light Scattering Detection in an Arc Lamp-Based Flow Cytometer. GENETICS. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Gene Amplification Analysis of Gene Amplification in Cultured Mammalian Cells. Flow Karyotypes of Human Solid Tumors: Studies of Ewing's Sarcoma, Peripheral Neuroepithelioma, and Meningioma. Chromosome Breakpoint Mapping by Flow Sorting and Spot Blot Hybridization. Chromosome Classification by Slit-Scan Flow Cytometry. Animal Flow Cytogenetics. Isolation, Classification and Flow Cytometric Sorting of Plant Chromosomes. CELL STRUCTURE. The Analysis of Red Cells by Flow Cytometry: Applications in Immunohematology. Monoclonal Antibodies to Myeloid Cells. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lesions of the Colon. Flow Cytometry Evaluation of Male Germ Cells. Flow Cytometry in the Production of Human T Cell and Other Lymphocyte Hybridomas. Flow Cytometry Analysis of Energy Transducing Organelles: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. Cell Cycle Expression of Nuclear Proteins. Chromatin of PWM Activated Lymphocytes Undergoes Mitogen Dose-Dependent Changes - Flow Cytometric Nuclear DNA and Protein Measurements. Index.Catalog no. 4834...Approx. U.S. $149.95/Outside U.S. $176.00

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Book SynopsisBiology and Physiology of the Osteoclast is a comprehensive volume thoroughly covering the field of osteoclast biology. The book features some of the latest work (much of which has never before been published) from internationally respected scientists in the field. It will be a significant reference volume for researchers interested in the broad field of bone metabolism, especially those in cell and molecular biology, dental science, endocrinology, hematology, orthopedics, and rheumatology.Table of ContentsExperimental Systems for Studying Osteoclast Biology (P. Osdoby, M. Krukowski, and P. Collin-Osdoby). Antigenic Markers of Osteoclasts (M.A. Horton and M.H. Helfrich). Acid Phosphatases (G. Andersson, B. Ek-Rylander, and C. Minkin). Ontogeny of the Osteoclast (P.J. Nijweide and R. de Grooth). Regulation of Osteoclast Development and Function (T.J. Chambers). Osteoclast Ultrastructure and Enzyme Histochemistry: Functional Implications (C.V. Gay). Systematic Factors Regulating Osteoclast Function (J.N.M. Heersche). Local Factors Regulating Osteoclast Function (G.R. Mundy). The Influence of Matrix Components on Osteoclasts (J. Glowacki). Signal Transduction Mechanisms in Osteoclasts (H.J. Donahue). Electrophysiology of Osteoclasts (S.M. SIms, M.E.M. Kelly, S.A. Arkett, and S.J. Dixon). Osteoclast Cytoskeleton and Attachment Proteins (A. Teti and A. Zambonin-Zallone). The Mechanism of Osteoclast Acidification (H.C. Blair and P.H. Schlesinger). Mechanism of Mineral Solubilization and Matrix Degradation in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption (J.-M. Delaissé and G. Vaes). Reactive Oxygen Species as Potential Mediators of Osteoclast Action (R.A. Greenwald and B.R. Rifkin). Osteoblast/Osteoclast Coupling (J.E. Puzas and M. Ishibe). Effects of Pharmacological Agents on Osteoclasts (P.H. Stern and P. Lakatos). Bisphosphonates (P.H. Schlesinger and H.C. Blair). . Mechanical Effects on Osteoclast Function (E.H. Burger). Osteopetrosis (L.K. Osier and S.C. MArks, Jr.). The Osteoclast in Paget's Disease of Bone (G. David Roodman). Index.

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Book SynopsisCell Interactions in Atherosclerosis covers the scientific foundations of the most important disease inflicting the developed world today. It presents a collection of topical aspects on the general theme of cell interactions in atherosclerosis, providing authoritative, up-to-the-minute accounts of how new developments in cell biology have advanced our understanding of these cellular interactions. The book is amply illustrated with electron micrographs and light micrographs incorporating modern cytochemical procedures. Cell Interactions in Atherosclerosis will interest all medical and scientific professionals dealing with atherosclerosis and heart disease.Table of ContentsConstituents of the Arterial Wall and Atherosclerotic Plaque: An Introduction to Atherosclerosis (Nicholas J. Severs and Horst Robenek). Three-Dimensional Organization of the Intima of Rabbit Aorta in Early Atherosclerotic Lesion Development as Viewed by Quick-Freeze, Deep-Etch Electron Microscopy (Joy S. Frank and Patricia F.E.M. Nievelstein). Renal Transplant Arteriopathy; Similarities to Atherosclerosis (Ekkehard Vollmer and Albert Roessner). Collagens and Collagen Synthesis in the Atherosclerotic Vessel Wall (Jürgen Rauterberg and Elisabeth Jaeger). Regulation of Biosynthetic Activity in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells by Extracellular Matrix Components (Michael Thie). Vascular Cell Responses to Injury: Modulation by Extracellular Matrix and Soluble Factors (Joseph A. Madri and Leonard Bell). Cytochemical Characterization and Mapping of Glycoconjugates in Arterial Tissues and Vascular Cell Cultures by Light and Electron Microscopy (Wolfgang Völker). Role of Modified Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis (Wulf Palinksi). Characterization of Lipoprotein Metabolism in Cells Isolated from Atherosclerotic Arteries (Olli Jaakkola). Endocytosis of Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Homeostasis (Horst Robenek and Nicholas J. Severs). c. 250 pp., 6-1/8 x 9-1/4, due September 1992, ISBN 0-8493-5505-2.FEATURES:

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book is a compilation of Professor Lubomir S. Hnilica''s twenty years of research experimentally addressing the chemistry and the biological functions of chromosomal proteins. The histones and other nuclear proteins found associated with DNA in a number of tissues and cell types are featured. Lubomir Hnilica played a major role in establishing the extent to which these basic chromosomal polypeptides are conserved and the manner in which they interact with DNA to modify chromatin structure. In addition, non-histone chromosomal protein research is explained, and his technique of applying several biochemical and immunological approaches to the characterization of this complex and heterogeneous class of chromosomal polypeptides is discussed. Highlighted is the use of chemical crosslinking for studying protein/DNA interactions in intact cells. The proteins as well as the structure, organization, and regulation of the genes are also presented.Trade Review"...a readable and highly commendable volume...to all cell biologists interested in chromatic structure and function."-Cell Biochemistry and FunctionTable of ContentsTHE PROTEINS. Human Histone Variants. Histone Occurrence, Isolation, Characterization, and Biosynthesis. Specificity and Distribution of Sperm Basic Proteins. Histone and Basic Nuclear Protein Transitions in Mammalian Spermatogenesis. A Basic Nonhistone Nuclear Protein in Human Myeloid Cells. Posttranslational Modifications of Histones. STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION, AND REGULATION OF THE GENES. Organization of Histone Genes and Their Variants. Cell Cycle Dependent Human Histone Genes: Their Organization and Regulation. Histone Gene Expression Not Coupled to DNA Synthesis. Structures of Testis-Specific Histones, Spermatid Transition Proteins, and Their Genes in Mammals. Mammalian Protamines and Their Expression. HMG Genes and Their Expression

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Book SynopsisEpidermal Langerhans Cells focuses on epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and the important role they play in the induction of contact hypersensitivity and graft rejection. This in-depth work discusses how these antigen-presenting cells are modulated by various physicochemical agents (such as UV light) and how they can be infected by the AIDS virus. It also reveals that cytokines mediate their development into potent T cell-stimulatory dendritic cells. This comprehensive review covers important experimental details and methods, and fascinating information on LCs. It also provides an overview of the immune system as it relates to the skin in health and disease. This up-to-date publication is an indispensable resource for all investigative and clinical dermatologists, as well as immunologists interested in antigen-presenting cells.Table of ContentsThe Fascinating Story That Began in 1868. Origin, Cell Lineage, Ontogeny, Tissue Distribution, and Kinetics of Langerhans Cells. Identification and Phenotype of Epidermal Langerhans Cells. Structural Organization and Biological Properties of Langerhans Cells. Enrichment of Epidermal Langerhans Cells. Langerhans Cells as Antigen-Presenting Cells. Langerhans Cells as Immature Dendritic Cells. Epidermal Cell Derived Secretory Regulins. The Influence of Ultraviolet Radiation and Other Physical and Chemical Agents on Epidermal Langerhans Cells. Tolerizing Versus Sensitizing Signals Derived from the Epidermis. Role of Langerhans Cells in Disease. Index.

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Book SynopsisImmune System Accessory Cells provides a comprehensive survey of all types of antigen-presenting and accessory cells. Macrophages are emphasized through descriptions of different types of endocytosis, other major properties, and all basic and new information concerning macrophages as antigen-presenting cells. Other topics covered include the impact of the immunodeficient state on accessory functions, the evolutionary emergence of accessory functions, and the role of various cell types in defense reactions in major assemblages of Metazoa. The book also presents a chapter describing the phylogenetic aspects of accessory functions, which traces the first accessory cells during the evolution of living matter.Immune System Accessory Cells is an excellent reference for immunologists, cell biologists, and others interested in developing an understanding of the roles of accessory cells in all facets of immune reactions.Table of ContentsEvolution of Immune Accessory Functions (P. Síma and V. Vetvicka). Ontogeny of the Stroma of Lymphoid Tissues (M. Holub). Endocytosis (V. Vetvicka). Antigen Processing (O. Werdelin and S. Mouritsen). Macrophages (V. Vetvicka and L. Fornusek). Antigen Presentation by Macrophages and Dendritic Cells (V. Vetvicka and L. Fornusek). Dendritic Cells as Accessory Cells (J. G. Tew, G.F. Burton, A. Masuda, Z.F. Kapasi, and A.K. Szakal). Langerhans' Cell Surface Molecules Involved in Accessory Functions (G.C. Mudde, T.T. Hansel, and C.A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen). The Dual Role of B Cells in Antigen Presentation: Induction and Regulation of Immune Responses (L. Leserman and J.-C. Grivel). Cell-Cell Interactions: In Situ Studies of Splenic Humoral Immune Responses (J.D. Laman, A.J.M. Van den Eertwegh, E. Claassen, and N. Van Rooijen). The Role of Accessory Cells in Positive and Negative Selection in the Thymus (P. Naquet and H. Lepesant). Function of Neutrophils in Host Defense and Immunity (G.D. Ross). Molecular Biology of Antigen Presentation (D. Gerlier, V. Calin-Laurens, P. Bertolino, and C. Rabourdin-Combe). Mediators Involved in Accessory Functions (U. Yamashita). Antigen Processing in B Lymphocytes: A Role for Stress Proteins (D.C. DeNagel and S.K. Pierce). Accessory Cells in Murine Immunodeficiencies (V. Vetvicka and L. Fornusek). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph will put the topic of Cryopreservation of Plant Cells and Organs in perspective. Originally published in 1985.Table of ContentsPlant Cell Culture, Basic Principles of Freezing Injury to Plant Cells, Cryobiology of Isolated protoplasts, Biophysical and Ultrastructural Studies of Membrane Alterations in Plant Cells During Extracelluar Freezing, Cryoprotective Compounds in the Viable Freezing of Plant Tissues, Meristem Culture and Germplasm Preservation, Cryopreservation of Potato meristems, Low Temperature and Freeze Vacuum Drying Preservation of Pollen, Cryopreservation of Seed Germplasm for Genetic Conservation, Cryopreservation of Embryos, Cryopreservation of Cultured Plant Cells and Protoplasts.

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Book SynopsisCell Surface Carbohydrates and Cell Development summarizes knowledge on the structure and function of cell surface carbohydrates in development and differentiation. The chapters include reviews on the expression of cell type-specific carbohydrates and their roles in cell-cell interaction. In particular, the role of cell surface carbohydrates in immune cell response, malignant transformation, fertilization, and neural cell development are addressed. This includes the exciting discovery about the role of adhesive molecules in leukocyte-endothellium interaction.Cell Surface Carbohydrates and Cell Development also summarizes the latest knowledge on structure and biosynthesis of carbohydrates, the role of specific carbohydrate modification, and animal lectins. The book will be useful to researchers and students interested in the biology of glycoproteins and biotechnology.Table of ContentsStructure and Biosynthesis of Cell Surface Carbohydrates (Drs. Akira Kobata and Seiichi Takasaki). Role of Oligosaccharides in the Intracellular and Intracellular Trafficking of Mammalian Glycoproteins (Dr. Ajit Varki). LEC-CAMs (Selectins): Lectin-Like Receptors Involved in Leukocyte Recruitment (Dr. Lloyd Stoolman). Animal Lectin: Possible Role in Development (Dr. Richard D. Cummings). Cell Surface Carbohydrates in Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation and Malignancy (Dr. Minoru Fukuda). Changes in Glycosylation Associated with Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression (Dr. James W. Dennis). Glycoconjugates in the Development of the Nervous System (Drs. Miyuki Yamamoto and Gerald A. Schwarting). Cell Surface Carbohydrates and Mammalian Fertilization (Dr. Paul Wassarman). Early Embryogenesis (Dr. Takashi Muramatsu). Proteoglycans in Development (Dr. Daniel D. Carson). Developmental Glycobiology of Dictyostelium discoideum (Dr. Hudson H. Freeze).FEATURES:

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Book SynopsisThe Cytoskeleton of the Algae provides a comprehensive examination of the structural features of the cytoskeleton in phylogenetic branches of algae. The book also analyzes the possible functions of cytoskeletal components using structural, physiological, genetic, and molecular approaches. Many taxa are described in detail, mirroring the dramatic progress that has been made in recent years in this new research field. Many unique structural elements and motility phenomena are described for the first time, and other features common to all plant cells, such as cell polarity, cytoplasmic streaming, mitosis, cell wall deposition, and contractile events are analyzed using algae as experimental model systems. The Cytoskeleton of the Algae reflects the enormous impact that research on the algal cytoskeleton has on both phycology and plant cell biology, and it will serve as an excellent reference volume for researchers in this area.Table of ContentsThe Microarchitecture of the Chrysophycean Cytoskeleton (Richard Wetherbee, Anthony Koutoulis, and Robert A. Andersen). The Dinoflagellate Cytoskeleton (Keith R. Roberts, Julia Roberts, and Stephania A. Cormier). The Cytoskeleton in the Diatoms: The Mitotic Spindle and Cell Cycle Dependent Organization (Linda Wordeman). The Cytoskeleton in Euglenoids: Cell Form, Surface Motility, and Cell Replication are Based on a Membrane Skeleton of Repeating Strips (R.R. Dubreuil, J.A. Marrs, and G.B. Bouck). Role of the Cytoskeleton in Cellular Morphogenesis of Zygotes of Fucoid Algae (Darryl L. Kropf). Cytoskeleton and Mitotic Spindle in Red Algae (Sharon T. Broadwater, Joseph L. Scott, and David J. Garbary). The Cytoskeleton in the Desmidiaceae-Cell Morphogenesis (Taizo Hogetsu). Cytoskeleton-Based Nuclear Translocation in Desmids (Ursula Meindl). Microtubules Controlling Cellulose Deposition? A Comparison Between the Chlorococcales and the Giant Green Coenocytes (Shun Mizuta). The Cytoskeleton of the Zygnemataceae (Franz Grolig). The Cytoskeleton in the Life Cycle of Acetabularia and Other Related Species of Dasyclad Green Algae (D. Menzel, H. Jonitz, C. Elsner-Menzel). A Mathematical Model of Cytoskeletal Dynamics and Morphogenesis in Acetabularia (B.C. Goodwin and C. Briére). Contractile Movements in the Algae: The Siphonocladales as Model Systems (John W. LaClaire, II). The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Organelle Translocation in Vaucheria Longicaulis (Donald W. Ott). The Characean Cytoskeleton: Spatial Control in the Cortical Cytoplasm (Geoffrey O. Wasteneys). The Characean Cytoskeleton: Dissecting the Streaming Mechanism (T. Shimmen). Flagellar Apparatus Architecture and the Phylogeny of Green Algae: Chlorophytes, Euglenoids, Glaucophytes (Charles J. O'Kelly). Genetic Approaches to the Study of Cytoskeletal Structure and Function in Chlamydomonas (Jeffrey A. Holmes and Susan K. Dutcher). Tubulins in the Volvocales: From Genes to Organized Microtubule Assemblages (Rüdiger

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Book SynopsisThis book provides valuable information for investigators interested in the signaling and regulatory functions of adenosine and the adenine nucleotides. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include the historical development of research on adenosine and adenosine triphosphate; various aspects of the formation, metabolism, release, transport, and receptors for endogenous adenosine and the adenosine triphosphate; functions of purines at the cellular level; the role of adenosine in the regulation of flow in different vascular beds; and angiogenesis. The book also addresses the purinergic regulation of the cardiac, renal, gastro-intestinal, and central nervous system, as well as potential therapeutic avenues for purine use. The book will be valuable to physiologists, pharmacologists, and other basic and clinical scientists interested in updating their knowledge of the expanding biological roles of these substances.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION. Historical Perspectives-Adenosine (D.J. Cushing and S.J. Mustafa). Historical Perspectives-ATP (D. Satchell). PURINE RECEPTORS, METABOLISM, RELEASE, AND TRANSPORT. Adenosine Receptors: Ligand-Binding Studies (U. Schwabe). Adenosine Receptors, Adenylate Cyclase; Relationships to Pharmacological Actions of Adenosine (R.D. Green). Formation and Metabolism of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides in Cardiac Tissue (J. Schrader). Adenosine Deaminase Regulation of Purine Actions (J.D. Geiger, R.A. Padua, and J.I. Nagy). Nucleoside Transport in Cells: Kinetics and Inhibitor Effects (L. Hertz). Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides in Tissues and Perfusates (T.D. White and K. Hoehn). FUNCTIONS OF PURINES AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL. Adenosine, Adenine Nucleotides and Platelet Function (N.J. Cusack and S.M.O. Hourani). Purines and Inflammation: Neutrophils Possess P1 and P2 Purine Receptors (B.N. Cronstein). Adenosine and Immune System Function (T.S. Priebe and J.A. Nelson). Purinergic Regulation of Transmitter Release (J.A. Ribeiro). ADENOSINE AND BLOOD FLOW IN VASCULAR BEDS. Effect of Adenosine on the Coronary Circulation (M.G. Collis). Purinergic Control of Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow (M.W. Gorman, S.S. Kelley, L. Kaiser, and H.V. Sparks). Adenosine and the Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow (D.G.L. Van Wylen, V.M. Sciotti, and H.R. Winn). Adenosine and Blood Flow Through the Gastrointestinal Tract (K.G. Proctor and B. Langkamp-Henken). Adenosine-Mediated Regulation of Hepatic Blood Flow (W.E. Lautt). Effects of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides on the Pulmonary Circulation (A. Hyman, B. Cai, C. Feng, Q. Hao, and H. Lippton). The Role of Adenosine in Angiogenesis (C.J. Meininger and H.J. Granger). ACTIONS OF ADENOSINE ON BODY SYSTEMS. Influence of Adenosine on Cardiac Activity (M.G. Collis). Adenosine Receptor Activation and Renal Function (W.G. Spielman). Purinergic Regulation of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion (M.A. Cook). Effects of Adenosine Infusion on the Cons

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Book SynopsisPresents an overview of the various approaches that have been used to visualize cells and molecules by MR imaging and illustrates their application and translation into clinical settings. This book examines the various contrast agents used, covers molecular imaging of genes and a range of disease states, and discusses cellular imaging.Table of ContentsContrast Agents for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Molecular MR Imaging, Cellular MR Imaging, Future Perspectives for Molecular and Cellular Imaging

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Book SynopsisIn the 40 years since the classic review of osmotic and ionic regulation written by Potts and Parry, there has been astonishing growth in scientific productivity, a marked shift in the direction and taxonomic distribution of research, and amazing changes in the technology of scientific researchIt is indicative of the growth of the subject that as time passes the number of authors needed to review the subject grows exponentially. The time is ripe for a new survey of the subject and Dr. Evans is to be congratulated on the expert crew that he has recruited.From the foreword by W.T.W. PottsOsmotic and Ionic Regulation: Cells and Animals not only fills a gap in the literature, but delineates the new approaches, outlooks, and findings that define how the field has changed. Providing the first comprehensive summary of the fundamentally important mechanisms of ionic and osmotic regulation in 40 yeaTable of ContentsSolutes, Solutions, and Membrane Transporters. Cell Volume Regulation. Protozoa. Mollusca. Annelids. Crustacea. Fishes. Amphibia. Reptiles. Birds. Mammals. Insects. Retrospectiv: What We Have Learned; What We Need to Know.

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Book Synopsis

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