Cartography, map-making and projections Books

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Book SynopsisThe Alfonsine Tables became the main computing tool for astronomers for about 250 years, from their compilation in Toledo ca. 1272 to the edition in 1551 of new tables based on Copernicus’s astronomical models. It consisted of a set of astronomical tables which, over time, was presented in many different formats. Giovanni Bianchini (d. after 1469), an astronomer active in Ferrara, Italy, was among the few scholars of that extended period to compile a coherent and insightful set based on the Alfonsine Tables. His tables, described and analyzed here for the first time, played a remarkable role in the transmission of the Alfonsine Tables and in their transition from manuscript to print. Medieval and Early Modern Science, 10Trade Review"Les Tables sous examen sont probablement l'ensemble le plus volumineux produit en Europe dans le genre avant les temps modernes. Dans la mesure où le travail de l'astronome de Ferrare s'inscrit dans la continuité des Tables alphonsines, cet accroissement fait mieux comprendre et mieux apprécié le travail accomplit par les astronomes du roi Alphonse X de Castille dans la deuxième partie du XIIIe siècle." "L'analyse technique est à tout point de vue excellent et ne prête pas à redire." Max Lejbowicz, Aestimatio 6 (2009) 155-161 "The book [...] is an important step, shining a more focused light on Bianchini's inventive Tabulae astronomiae, providing a succinct technical guide to its contents, and describing clearly its innovations." "The history of astronomy can only benefit from an increased attention to numerical tables, and this book is an excellent contribution. It is highly recommended for readers with the appropriate background." Glen Van Brummelen, Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 41, Part 4, No. 145 (November 2010), 514-516Table of ContentsPreface Introduction 1. Giovanni Bianchini: Life and work 2. Analysis of the tables 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Tables in ed. 1495 2.3. Other tables in the manuscripts and ed. 1526, but not included in ed. 1495 2.4. Other tables in ed. 1526 or in MS Nu that are not included in ed. 1495 or in MS Na Notation References Index

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Book SynopsisThe sudden appearance of portolan charts, realistic nautical charts of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, at the end of the thirteenth century is one of the most significant occurrences in the history of cartography. Using geodetic and statistical analysis techniques these charts are shown to be mosaics of partial charts that are considerably more accurate than has been assumed. Their accuracy exceeds medieval mapping capabilities. These sub-charts show a remarkably good agreement with the Mercator map projection. It is demonstrated that this map projection can only have been an intentional feature of the charts’ construction. Through geodetic analysis the author eliminates the possibility that the charts are original products of a medieval Mediterranean nautical culture, which until now they have been widely believed to be.Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgements xiv List of Illustrations xv 1. Introduction 1 1.1 The Origin of Portolan Charts: Research Challenges 1 1.2 Objective and Scope of this Book 4 1.3 Four ‘Pillars’ 5 2. Key Characteristics of Portolan Charts 11 2.1 Preamble 11 2.2 Distinguishing Characteristics 12 2.3 Disputed, Unclear and Unsatisfactorily Explained Aspects of Portolan Charts 19 3. Existing Hypotheses on the Origin and Construction Method of Portolan Charts 44 3.1 Scholarly Views on the Origins Debate 44 3.2 Ideas on Antique Origins 46 3.3 Hypotheses on Medieval Origins 52 3.4 Hypotheses on Portolan Chart Construction 59 3.5 Plane Charts versus Plane Charting 63 3.6 The Rotation Angle 76 3.7 Methodological Considerations 82 4. Cartometric Analysis; Methodology and Existing Research 86 4.1 Introduction 86 4.2 Quantitative Analysis Methods – A Conceptual Classification 92 4.3 Existing Cartometric Studies 103 4.4 Chart Selection 116 4.5 Cartometric Analysis Approach 119 5 Cartometric Analysis of Five Charts 133 5.1 Carte Pisane 133 5.2 Anonymous Genoese Chart (Ricc 3827) 138 5.3 The Ristow-Skelton No. 3 Chart (RS-3) 143 5.4 The Dulcert 1339 Chart 147 5.5 The Roselli 1466 Chart 148 5.6 Analysis of All Results 152 5.7 How Difficult is It to Make an Accurate Map? 195 5.8 Conclusions 197 6 The Relationship between Portolans and Portolan Charts 201 6.1 Introduction 201 6.2 Existing Research 202 6.3 A New Analysis of Lo Compasso de Navegare 216 6.4 Summary of the Analysis 276 6.5 Conclusions 283 7. Constraints on Shipping and Navigation in the Medieval Mediterranean 285 7.1 Introduction 285 7.2 The Physical Conditions of the Mediterranean 286 7.3 Medieval Ships 298 7.4 An Accuracy Model for Medieval Mediterranean Navigation 311 7.5 Conclusions 322 8. The Map Projection, Artificial or Intentional? 324 8.1 Introduction 324 8.2 A Priori Geodetic Objections 327 8.3 Existing Research 331 8.4 Conceptual Workflow and Test Criteria 335 8.5 Design Principles for a ‘Medieval’ Geodetic Network 337 8.6 Introductory Information on Geodetic Network Analysis 341 8.7 Network Definition and Analysis 348 8.8 Network Adjustment #1 (Accuracy) 351 8.9 Network Adjustment #2 (Shape) 358 8.10 Summary of the Geodetic Analysis 367 8.11 Accuracy Enhancement by Averaging in the Context of the History of Science 369 8.12 Conclusions from This Chapter 376 9. Navigational Practices in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries 377 9.1 Drawing up the Interim Balance 377 9.2 Navigational Tools: Charts & Dividers, Needle & Star 379 9.3 The Toleta de Marteloio 382 9.4 The Mathematical Seaman 388 9.5 Early Time Measurement at Sea 391 9.6 Distance Measurement at Sea 392 9.7 Bearing Measurement – The Mariner’s Compass 397 9.8 Conclusions 413 10 An Arabic-Islamic Origin of Portolan Charts? 414 10.1 Introduction 414 10.2 Ibn Fadl’allah’s Map – The ‘Mamun Geography’ 415 10.3 Progress in Astro-geodetic Position Determination 417 10.4 Sezgin’s Hypothesized Construction Method of Portolan Charts 420 10.5 Further Arguments Presented by Sezgin for an Arabic-Islamic Origin of Portolan Charts 423 11. Conclusions 429 11.1 Recap of Conclusions by Chapter 429 11.2 The Four ‘Pillars’ of the Medieval Origin Hypothesis 433 11.3 Key Conclusions from this Study 437 12 Synthesis 439 12.1 Introduction 439 12.2 The Appearance of Portolan Charts in Medieval Italy 439 12.3 Remaining Issues 442 12.4 Recommendations for Further Research 450 Appendix A: The Historical Setting of the Emergence of Portolan Charts 453 A.1 The Medieval Mediterranean – Relevant Historical Aspects 453 A.2 The Awakening of Europe 454 A.3 The Italian Maritime Republics and Aragon 455 Appendix B: Calculation of the Length of a Rhumb Line 467 B.1 An Arbitrary Line on a Sphere 467 B.2 The Line in a Specified Direction on a Sphere 468 B.3 Mercator Sailing – How to Plot Sailed Distance on a Chart? 469 Appendix C: The Plane Charting Examples from Chapter 2 471 C.1 Dimensions of the Earth 471 C.2 The Routes from Livorno to Dellys 471 C.3 Four More Arbitrary Routes 479 Appendix D: Accuracy Model for Medieval Navigation 483 D.1 Introduction 483 D.2 Along-course Accuracy 484 D.3 Cross-course Accuracy 490 Appendix E: Cartometric Analysis Details 495 E.1 Coordinates of Identical Points 495 E.2 Preprocessing – Wind Rose Analysis 498 E.3 Main Cartometric Analysis 499 Appendix F: Reliability of the CALS7k.2 Archaeomagnetic Model 504 Appendix G: Is the Map Projection Accidental? A Statistical Analysis 508 G.1 Preamble 508 G.2 Statistical Basis 508 G.3 Test Results 510 G.4 Discussion 515 G.5 Conclusion 516 Appendix H: The Preface of the Liber de existencia riveriarum 517 Bibliography 520 Index 538

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Book SynopsisIn Companions in Geography Mario Cams revisits the early 18th century mapping of Qing China, without doubt one of the largest cartographic endeavours of the early modern world. Commonly seen as a Jesuit initiative, the project appears here as the result of a convergence of interests among the French Academy of Sciences, the Jesuit order, and the Kangxi emperor (r. 1661-1722). These connections inspired the gradual integration of European and East Asian scientific practices and led to a period of intense land surveying, executed by large teams of Qing officials and European missionaries. The resulting maps and atlases, all widely circulated across Eurasia, remained the most authoritative cartographic representations of continental East Asia for over a century. This book is based on Dr. Mario Cams' dissertation, which has been awarded the "2017 DHST Prize for Young Scholars" from the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Division of History of Science and Technology (IUHPST/DHST).Trade Review"This substantial and in many ways impressive work analyses map making in the Qing-dynasty empire during the reign of Kangxi emperor (1661–1722), and that of his successor Yongzheng (1722–1735). […] Cams’s book is clearly well grounded and written; it unquestionably offers valuable new insights to sinologists and researchers working on a variety of topics, opening the door for further research." Davor Antonucci, Sapienza Università di Roma (Imago Mundi 70:2 2018)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations Introduction: Towards a New Cartography of Cross-cultural Circulation  1 Situating the Study  2 Delineation and Approach  3 Cartography and the Jesuit Missions to China  4 Chapter Overview 1 Instruments for the Emperor: New Frontiers, New Practices  1.1 An Instrumental Convergence of Interests   1.1.1 The Académie and the Instrument Market in Paris   1.1.2 The King’s Mathematicians’ Interest in Cartography   1.1.3 Paris-made Instruments for the French Mission  1.2 Improving Cartographies: An Emperor’s Quest   1.2.1 The Kangxi Emperor’s Cartographic Aspirations   1.2.2 Qing Statecraft and Cartographic Practice   1.2.3 The Qing Court’s Appropriation of Paris-made Instruments  1.3 Frontier Matters: New Qing Cartographic Practice   1.3.1 Integrating the Khalka: Exploring a New Frontier   1.3.2 The 1698 Preliminary Survey   1.3.3 Re-standardizing the Qing’s Most Basic Unit of Length   Conclusion Intermission One: Missionaries or Mapmakers? The Mapping Project and its Place in the Mission   Justifying Missionary Involvement   The Unauthorized Return of Joachim Bouvet   Conclusion 2 Of Instruments and Maps: The Land Surveys in Practice  2.1 Beyond the Passes: Observations and Calculations   2.1.1 New Qing Cartographic Practice along the Great Wall   2.1.2 Revisiting the Manchu Homelands and Northern Frontiers   2.1.3 Strategic Expeditions into Korea and Tibet  2.2 The Logistics in Mapping the Chinese Provinces   2.2.1 Moving South: Sequence, Timing and Strategies   2.2.2 Directed from the Center: The Emperor and His Administration   2.2.3 Team Composition and Local Support  2.3 The Imperial Workshops Connection   2.3.1 Mapmakers from the Inner Palace   2.3.2 European Technical Experts and Assistants   2.3.3 The Logistical Centrality of the Imperial Workshops   Conclusion Intermission Two: Missionaries and Mapmakers: Missionary Activity during the Land Surveys   The Restitution of Church Buildings   The Impact of the Chinese Rites Controversy   Conclusion 3 The Afterlife of Maps: Circulation, Adaptation, and Negotiation  3.1 The Printed Life of the Overview Maps of Imperial Territories   3.1.1 The Woodblock Editions   3.1.2 The Copperplate Editions   3.1.3 Imperially Commissioned Compilations and Later Renditions  3.2 The European Incorporation of a Qing Atlas   3.2.1 Early Transmissions and Reception in Europe   3.2.2 Contracting Jean-Baptiste Bourguingon d’Anville   3.2.3 Intercultural Adaptation: d’Anville’s Regional Maps  3.3 Beijing, Paris and Saint Petersburg: Negotiating the Gaps   3.3.1 d’Anville’s General Maps and the Paris-Saint Petersburg Connection   3.3.2 The Saint Petersburg Connection to Beijing   3.3.3 d’Anville’s Maps: Reception and Further Adaptations   Conclusion   Annex: Extant Kangxi-era Sheets (Printed) Conclusion: Unlocking Dichotomies: Revisiting Cross-cultural Circulation   On Qing Imperial Cartography: Traditional vs. Scientific Practice   On the Role of the Individual: Global vs. Local Networks   On Instruments and Maps: The Circulation vs. the Production of Knowledge   On Interculturality: China vs. Europe References and Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisSince antiquity, artists have visualized the known world through the female (sometimes male) body. In the age of exploration, America was added to figures of Europe, Asia, and Africa who would come to inhabit the borders of geographical visual imagery. In the abundance of personifications in print, painting, ceramics, tapestry, and sculpture, do portrayals vary between hierarchy and global human dignity? Are we witnessing the emergence of ethnography or of racism? Yet, as this volume shows, depictions of bodies as places betray the complexity of human claims and desires. Bodies and Maps: Early Modern Personifications of the Continents opens up questions about early modern politics, travel literature, sexualities, gender, processes of making, and the mobility of forms and motifs. Contributors are: Louise Arizzoli, Elisa Daniele, Hilary Haakenson, Elizabeth Horodowich, Maryanne Cline Horowitz, Ann Rosalind Jones, Paul H. D. Kaplan, Marion Romberg, Mark Rosen, Benjamin Schmidt, Chet Van Duzer, Bronwen Wilson, and Michael Wintle.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations Notes on the Editors Notes on the Contributors 1 Introduction (1): Rival Interpretations of Continent Personifications  Maryanne Cline Horowitz 2 Introduction (2): Allegories of the Four Continents Today: Assessing Contemporary Contributions  Louise Arizzoli Part 1: Personifications of the Continents and Issues of Race and Gender 3 Gender and Race in the Personification of the Continents in the Early Modern Period: Building Eurocentrism  Michael Wintle 4 Exotic Female (and Male) Continents: Early Modern Fourfold Division of Humanity  Maryanne Cline Horowitz Part 2: Cartographical Origins of Early Continent Personification 5 The Pre-History of the Personification of Continents on Maps: Earth, Ocean, and the Sons of Noah  Chet Van Duzer 6 Magi, Winds, Continents: Dark Skin and Global Allegory in Early Modern Images  Paul H.D. Kaplan Part 3: Personifications of the World in Italian Frescoes 7 Casting the Continents: Sacred History and Spiritual Odyssey in the Camposanto of Pisa  Hilary Anne Haakenson 8 Portraits of the World – The Four Continents at Palazzo Farnese in Caprarola: The Figurative Code, Sources and Comparisons  Elisa Antonietta Daniele Part 4: Continent Personifications in Maps and Book Illustration 9 Why were there no Continental Allegories in Renaissance Venice? The Amerasian Personifications of Giuseppe Rosaccio  Elizabeth Horodowich 10 Worlds Apart: The Four Continents and the Civitates Orbis Terrarum  Mark Rosen 11 When Allegory Met History: Allegories of the Continents on Costume-Book Title Pages in the Late Sixteenth Century  Ann Rosalind Jones Part 5: Popularization of Continent Personifications in the Eighteenth Century 12 The Visible Church – The Discourse on an Ecclesia Triumphans and the Four Continents in Parish Churches of Baroque Southern Germany  Marion Romberg 13 The Rearing Horse and the Kneeling Camel: Continental Ceramics and Europe’s Race to Modernity  Benjamin Schmidt 14 Collecting the Four Continents: James Hazen Hyde (1876–1959), an American in Paris  Louise Arizzoli 15 Afterword: Ornament and the Fabrication of Early Modern Worlds  Bronwen Wilson Index Nominum

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Book SynopsisIn Describing the City, Describing the State Sandra Toffolo presents a comprehensive analysis of descriptions of the city of Venice and the Venetian Terraferma in the Renaissance, when the Venetian mainland state was being created. Working with an extensive variety of descriptions, the book demonstrates that no one narrative of Venice prevailed in the early modern European imagination, and that authors continuously adapted geographical descriptions to changing political circumstances. This in turn illustrates the importance of studying geographical representation and early modern state formation together. Moreover, it challenges the long-standing concept of the myth of Venice, by showing that Renaissance observers never saw the city of Venice and the Venetian Terraferma in a monolithic way.Trade Review“Sandra Toffolo’s work has undoubtedly identified a perspective that, until now, has been neglected by historiography. […] Toffolo’s attempt to bring together the two souls of the Venetian State – sea and mainland – is also admirable. It is something that scholars have only recently started to explore. […] Sandra Toffolo’s book succeeds in opening a window on the potential for further inquiries into Renaissance geographical descriptions, on the one hand, and for a stronger inclusion of mainland voices, long underrated in the study of Venice” Daniele Dibello, Ghent University. In: Journal of Early Modern History, Vol. 25, Nos. 1–2 (March 2021).Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures A Note on the Book Introduction  1 Geographical Descriptions, the Myth of Venice, and the Venetian Terraferma  2 Placing Texts within Literary Contexts  3 Constructing a Mainland State  4 Outline of the Book part 1: Perceptions of Venice in Its Urban Setting 1 Venice, Religious City  1 God’s Role in the Foundation of Venice  2 Divine Protection throughout History  3 Connections to Saint Mark  4 External Religious Structures  5 The Piety of the Venetians 2 Venice, Centre of Material Culture  1 A City Situated ‘in the Stormy Fury of the Sea’  2 Urban Structure  3 Wealth  4 Commerce  5 Industry  6 Art and Scholarship 3 Venice, Seat of an Ideal Government  1 The Development of a Political Narrative of Venice  2 Elements of a Political Venice  3 The Ideal of a Mixed Constitution  4 The Concept of Liberty  5 Politics and Morality 4 Venice, Morally Exemplary City  1 ‘It Presses Every Gathered Virtue to Its Bosom’  2 A Moral Venice from Its Foundation  3 Morality and Poetry part 2: Perceptions of Venice and the Terraferma as a State 5 Venetian Views on Venice and the Terraferma as a State  1 Justifications for Mainland Expansion  2 The Conquest of Friuli  3 Links between Venice and the Terraferma  4 Political Affiliation as a Factor in the Depiction of Territories 6 Viewing the Venetian Mainland State from the Mainland  1 Two Poems Dedicated to Local Families  2 Ubertino Posculo’s Oratio de laudibus Brixiae  3 Michele Savonarola’s Praise of Padua  4 Silvestro Lando’s Preface to the Statutes of Verona  5 A Paduan Pilgrim on His Way to the Holy Land  6 Four Poems by Bartolomeo Pagello  7 Jacopo Sanguinacci’s Inchoronato regno sopra i regni  8 Francesco Corna da Soncino’s Poem on Verona 7 Foreign Views of the Venetian State  1 ‘Hit Is also Vnder the Domynyon of the Venysyans’: Views of Formal Political Affiliation  2 Political and Geographical Affiliation: the Case of Greece  3 Conflicting Ideas on Venice and the Venetian State  4 Interpreting Venice and Its Dominions in One Common Framework Conclusion: Venice as City, Venice as State Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume ventures into terrain where even the most sophisticated map fails to lead--through the mapmaker's bias. Denis Wood shows how maps are not impartial reference objects, but rather instruments of communication, persuasion, and power. Like paintings, they express a point of view. By connecting us to a reality that could not exist in the absence of maps--a world of property lines and voting rights, taxation districts and enterprise zones--they embody and project the interests of their creators. Sampling the scope of maps available today, illustrations include Peter Gould's AIDS map, Tom Van Sant's map of the earth, U.S. Geological Survey maps, and a child's drawing of the world. THE POWER OF MAPS was published in conjunction with an exhibition at the Cooper Hewitt Museum, the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Design.Trade ReviewIf compelled to cite only a single book on cartography to stock a desert-island shelf or to assign to the eager novice, this is the automatic choice....Although I have been drawing and poring over maps, as well as reading about them, since childhood, I received more revelations about their essential nature and larger meanings from this one powerful, disturbing, totally convincing essay than from all the other books, articles, and lectures on the subject I have ever encountered.'' --Wilbur Zelinsky, The Pennsylvania State University Combining both topical issues relevant to lay readers and serious scholarship, Denis Wood's The Power of Maps will provoke, amuse, tweak, and inform anyone who has had occasion to use, or merely peruse, a map--which is to say, everyone. It is a relentless entertainment--relentlessly challenging to traditional assumptions about cartography, relentlessly witty as it deconstructs (read: demolishes) the pretense of neutral, `scientific' map-making, and relentlessly contrary in reminding us that maps reflect social choices and serve particular political interests.'' --Stephen S. Hall, author of Mapping the Next MillenniumPerhaps the simplest thing to say is that there is nothing quite like it! There are, of course, countless conventional accounts of cartography -- usually a combination of the history of cartography and a catalogue of its technical achievements-- but these are usually Whiggish tales which celebrate the progressive advance of cartography towards 'Truth.' Apart from a short discussion of so-called 'propaganda maps' (which is there simply to mark a departure from the norm, so to speak, an anomaly) these books rarely offer any sustained discussion of what one might call the cultural and political implications of maps and mapping. With the current explosion of interest in cultural politics and social theory, both inside and outside human geography, there is an obvious need for a discussion which resists those conventions. I can think of only Mark Monmonier's HOW TO LIE WITH MAPS -- which from all accounts has done extremely well, but is narrower in scope than Wood's text -- and the late Brian Harley's marvelous essays on deconstruction and mapping -- which may well be too abstract for many readers. In any event, I have no doubt that Denis Wood's book will be a major contribution to this emerging discussion of the power and politics of maps and mapping: it is written in a clear and accessible style but none the less deals with some of the most complex issues in contemporary debates over power, knowledge and spatiality. It is immensely engaging: the examples and illustrations are to the point and by no means obvious, and the issues that are raised extend far beyond the confines of any purely academic discipline. This is one of those rare books that will prompt its readers to re-think some of their most taken-for-granted assumptions and the ways in which those conventions bear on their everyday lives.-- Derek Gregory, The University of British Columbia -Wood's enthusiastic and scholarly contribution to the history of geography, and specifically the history of mapping, is widely acknowledged. The Power of Maps...has been widely reviewed, routinely used in teaching the history of geographical knowledge and rarely goes without citation in scholarship on the geopolitics of maps.--Jane Jacobs in Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 10/18/1992ƒƒ Denis Wood's book The Power of Maps sheds a brilliant new light on our customary experience of maps....You will never look at any map the same way again. --The Christian Science Monitor, 10/18/1992ƒƒ ....The last word on maps. --The Trenton Times, 10/18/1992ƒƒ He has some important, indeed compelling, things to say about maps...Wood not only incorporates a great store of historical detail into his essays, he sees maps as peculiar historical texts, as repositories of layers of knowledge and labor that can be revealed if we know how to read them....I highly recommend this unconventional book to historians of science of any period. --Isis, 10/18/1992

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Book SynopsisMaps have power--they can instruct, make life easier, mislead, or even lie. This engaging text provides the tools to read, analyze, and use any kind of map and assess its strengths and weaknesses. Requiring no advanced math skills, the book presents basic concepts of symbolization, scale, coordinate systems, and projections. It gives students a deeper understanding of the types of maps they encounter every day, from turn-by-turn driving directions to the TV weather report. Readers also learn how to use multiple maps and imagery to analyze an area or region. The book includes 168 figures, among them 22 color plates; most of the figures can be downloaded as PowerPoint slides from the companion website. Appendices contain a glossary, recommended resources, a table of commonly used projections, and more.Trade Review“Tyner has done it again--she has crafted an accessible book that makes reading about maps not only educational but fun! Here she convinces us that even as maps move from paper onto the Web and mobile devices, knowing how to use them and understanding how they work is as important as ever. By clearly differentiating map reading from map analysis, Tyner ably covers the concepts needed to become proficient in map interpretation and spatial thinking. This is a suitable text for introductory map and spatial analysis classes.”--Ian Muehlenhaus, PhD, Department of Integrated Science and Technology, James Madison University "This is a broad-based introduction to map use, reading, and interpretation. While it could be read cover to cover, its strength is in providing concise, stand-alone descriptions and explanations of map types and mapping conventions that are sufficiently detailed without being overwhelming. Tyner’s expertise as an instructor is evident in her conversational discussions of highly technical and specialized topics; her style will put nonexpert readers quickly at ease as she does not rely on technical terms or jargon. World of Maps could be a recommended text for students who are interested in exploring maps and map use, and students in a wide variety of disciplines that incorporate spatial thinking, display, or analysis. It will also find a home in many college and university libraries as a go-to resource."--Jenny Marie Johnson, Maps and Geography Librarian and School of Earth, Society, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign "Investigating whether maps are obsolete, Tyner makes a compelling case for the importance of maps in humankind’s past and future and the need for increased cartographic literacy. She writes in a manner that is both entertaining and informative. The extensive bibliography and appendices will help make this book a treasured resource for geographic education. The level is suitable for those engaged in formal study of spatial techniques as well as for neocartographers."--Eugenie Rovai, PhD, Department of Geography and Planning, California State University, Chico-This is a concise introduction to a rich and complex topic, useful for an elementary map reading course. Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and general readers.--Choice Reviews, 5/1/2015Table of ContentsI. Map Reading Basics 1. Introduction: The Importance of Map Reading 2. Landmarks of Mapmaking 3. Map Basics 4. The Figure of the Earth and Coordinate Systems 5. Map Projections: The Round Earth on Flat Paper 6. The Earth from Above: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation II. Map Types and Their Analysis 7. Virtual Maps and GPS 8. Topographic Maps 9. Thematic Maps 10. Maps for Navigation 11. Maps for Special Purposes III. Putting It All Together 12. Map Interpretation 13. Epilogue: The Future of Maps and Map Reading Appendix A. Glossary Appendix B. Abbreviations Appendix C. Useful Statistics Appendix D. Resources Appendix E. Commonly Used Projections Bibliography

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Book SynopsisScotland has had a uniquely important military history over the last five centuries. Conflict with England in the 16th century, Jacobite rebellions in the 18th century, 20th-century defences and the two world wars, as well as the Cold War, all resulted in significant cartographic activity. In this book two map experts explore the extraordinarily rich legacy of Scottish military mapping, including fortification plans, reconnaissance mapping, battle plans, plans of military roads and routeways, tactical maps, plans of mines, enemy maps showing targets, as well as plans showing the construction of defences. In addition to plans, elevations and views, they also discuss unrealised proposals and projected schemes. Most of the maps – some of them reproduced in book form for the first time – are visually striking and attractive, and all have been selected for the particular stories they tell about both attacking and defending the country.Trade Review'The maps make this book what it is. They are placed front and centre and the authors provide a wealth of detail as to what was included and why. The quality and range of images used mean it is a must-own for map-enthusiasts [and] those with a more casual interest in Scotland’s military past' * History Scotland *'This very well-crafted book embodies a paradox. The gruesome purpose of maps produced for the waging of war has resulted in a sumptuous-looking book' * GeoLounge.com *'Full of unexpected historical insights, gloriously illustrated. This is a book to be savoured' * Shetland Times *'A beautiful and almost compulsively readable book. It tells the story of how Britain’s defences were represented, as often with demonstrative pride as with secrecy, from the time of the Rough Wooing in 1543 to the Cold War' -- Brian Morton * Herald *'Charts the fascinating story of our nation's conflicts, a significant contribution to the work of this country's historians' * The National *

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Book SynopsisA timely, large-format collection of fine art maps from Adam Dant, looking at the fractious world of politics. Adam Dant’s Political Maps is an all-new collection of this highly regarded artist’s intricate, absorbing and beautiful maps, this time focused on the world of politics. Informed by his experiences as the official artist of the UK general election in 2015, these glorious works of art are amusing and subversive, hugely imaginative and packed with eye-catching detail. Themes range across the spectrum of British and global politics past and present, bringing in recent political upheavals (‘Stop That Brexit’) and current issues such as the controversy around certain statues (‘Iconoclastic London’), alongside more timeless subjects like a map of US presidents (‘Presidents of the United States of America’), and, of course, the pandemic (‘Viral London’). Other highlights include: ·Johnson’s London: Notorious places associated with Prime Minister Boris Johnson, including all the houses he has ever lived in ·New York Tawk: A visualisation of New York City through a century of its slang ·British Left Groups: A fascinating history of left-wing parties and pressure groups through the decades ·Quitting Europe: Brexit encapsulated in exotic European cigarette packets from the artist’s youth Witty, acerbic and intelligent, this unique collection will delight history enthusiasts, art lovers and politics buffs of all persuasions, and its large format guarantees hours of happy browsing of the densely packed detail Adam Dant brings to all his images.Trade Review‘Highly entertaining … long may Dant’s sharp eye, brain and pen flourish’ The Art Newspaper Maev Kennedy 2022 ‘A political tour de force … there is much comfort and joy to be found in art, and in particular the subversive and creative humour of Adam Dant’ The House Douglas Champan 2022 ‘An absolute must-purchase for anyone who draws a mote of joy from gazing at artistic maps... which is to say, everybody’ Londonist Matt Brown 2022 ‘Majestic and colourful’ TLS (Times Literary Supplement) 2022 ‘A very Shoreditch sort of a book, steeped in a sense of place and history. But don’t throw away your atlas … just yet, for it is primarily a guide to navigation for the mind’ The World of Interiors Stephen PatienceTable of ContentsIntroduction 8Division 10The Mother of Parliaments 12The Government Stable 14Johnson's London 20The Ministry + Passion of J.C 22British Left Groups 24Stop That Brexit 28Ruritanian Europe 30The Invasions of the British Isles 32Quitting Europe: Some Anecdotes 34Rudimentary London 38The London Rebus 40Viral London 42Iconoclastic London 44The London Calendar 46The Universal London Underground Map 48The Critic's Perpetual Drinking Calendar 50Jewish Spitalfields 52Club Row Through the Ages 54Guardians of London's Lost Rivers 62Civil War Defences 64Argonautica Londinensi 66Triumph of Debt, Royal Exchange Square 68Triumph of Debt, Canary Wharf 70Moneyscrape 72Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom 74Presidents of the United States of America 76Cockney Rhyming America 78New York Tawk 80Paris Argot 82The Oxford Meridian 84Metaphysical Cambridge 94Theatreland 96A Map of the National Gallery: London's Collection of Subliminal Images 98Tulip Fever 102Coco-opolis 104Scottish London 106A Walk Round the End of the World 108Lindon: A Map of London as it Might Have Been 110The Mind of East London 112The Gentle Author's Tour of Spitalfields 114The Paradise of Sleaze 116The Great British Beast Chase 118The Meeting of the Old & the New East End in Redchurch St 120Operation Owl Club 122An Encyclopedy of Ye Age of Enlightenment Citizens & Kings 124Stanfords World of Covent Garden 126Acknowledgements and Credits 128

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch behandelt die begrifflichen und sachlichen Grundlagen der Flugnavigation sowie die mathematisch-geometrischen Zusammenhänge mit zahlreichen Berechnungsbeispielen. Wegen des engen Bezugs zur Kartographie, welche die benötigten raum- und sachbezogenen Informationen für die thematischen Karten und Navigationsdatenbanken bereitstellt, sind die theoretischen Aspekte sowie der praktische Gebrauch und die Interpretation moderner Navigationskarten inhaltlicher Schwerpunkt. Weiterer Schwerpunkt ist die leistungsbasierte Navigation, wie diese in der heutigen Luftfahrtpraxis mithilfe integrierter bordseitiger Navigationssysteme in Verbindung mit den Ab- und Anflugverfahren realisiert wird. Hierbei werden Funk-, Trägheits- und Satellitennavigation kombiniert. Mithin widmet sich dieses Buch den Letzteren in einer angemessenen Detailtiefe sowie der Architektur der Bordsysteme am Beispiel der weltweit verbreiteten Airbus A320-Flugzeugfamilie. Des Weiteren werden relevante Aspekte der Flugsicherung einbezogen. Zielgruppe sind alljene, die ihre Ausbildung zum Piloten oder Fluglotsen mit einem Studium im Bereich der Luftfahrt kombinieren, Verfahrensplanende bei der Flugsicherung, Studierende des Verkehrsingenieurwesens oder der Geowissenschaften und alle, die sich für Navigationskarten und -systeme sowie die damit verbundenen aktuellen Technologien begeistern. Die vorliegende zweite Auflage ist gleichermaßen geeignet für Neueinsteiger und Fortgeschrittene, die Praxisbeispiele verhelfen zum „Ankommen". Zahlreiche hochwertige Abbildungen fördern die Anschaulichkeit, großer Wert wird auf Allgemeinverständlichkeit gelegt bei dennoch mathematischer Fundierung. Das Buchkonzept mit dem Schwerpunkt auf aktueller Thematik bindet die traditionellen Navigationssysteme jedoch soweit ein, dass die Leserinnen und Leser Kenntnisse erwerben, welche ihnen dazu verhelfen, oben genannte Systeme als alleinige Navigationsmittel anwenden zu können. Auch werden die vom Luftfahrtbundesamt für die Ausbildung zum Verkehrsflugzeugführer im Fach Navigation geforderten Inhalte im Wesentlichen abgedeckt.

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Book SynopsisFrom the Preface by Tetsuya Iseki:A Survey of London was originally published by John Stow (c. 1525–1605) in 1598. Stow was a chronicler and antiquary who edited literary works and archaeological texts (his first publication was Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, newly edited in 1561). In 1603 Stow published a new edition with corrections and additions, and it achieved immediate popular success. Even after his death, the work was reprinted in 1618 (Anthony Munday’s new edition), and again in 1633, but then disappeared from print until the end of the century. (The 1603 edition which was re-edited by C. L. Kingsford was issued by Oxford University Press in 1908, and later reprinted as the facsimile edition in 2000.)After the Great Fire of 1666, the state of London depicted and recorded in Stow’s Survey was greatly transformed. In 1694 Richard Blome (who published a new edition of William Camden’s Britannia) made an attempt to publish his new edition of Stow’s Survey with maps and many additions to describe the rebuilding of London after the Fire, but this was not successful. In 1702 John Strype (1643–1737), who had already achieved fame as an editor of historical and biographical documents, started editing Blome’s abortive work and created a new edition to answer the need for a current version of Stow’s Survey. Strype was said to have completed his edition (in two folio volumes) by November 1707, while a similar, rival book, A New View of London by Edward Hatton, was going to be published the following year. The booksellers gave up Strype’s Survey because Hatton’s publication was a smaller and cheaper edition. As it turned out, however, Hatton’s View of London could not satisfy the demand for a more scholarly updated edition of Stow’s Survey, and Strype’s project was revived in 1716 and finally published in December 1720.Strype’s Survey of London is basically an enlarged edition of Stow’s Survey, but the main body of the text and the maps are essentially taken from Blome’s 1694 edition. A mere reading of Strype’s Survey will reinforce the claim that the work is full of information about the late Stuart capital: the economics, politics, religion, architecture, and moral life of his day. Maps and plates of Strype’s Survey retain vivid visual details and, more than any other previous attempts, successfully remap the prosperous state of London. Pre-Fire maps were pictorial bird’s-eye views, in which buildings and landmarks are privileged over topographical accuracy, but alleys and yards are often obscured. The two-dimensional maps were published by John Ogilby and William Morgan after the fire in 1677. A large number of illustrations in Strype’s new edition show the details of the capital’s parishes and wards, including important historical buildings within and without the City both in two dimensions and bird’s-eye views.Strype’s Survey of London was priced at six guineas, and some 700 copies were published. Now the original is rarely found and the condition of the copies in the British Library or the ones in some other big libraries are not sound enough for reprint use. The present reprint is from my personal unspoiled copy of the 1720 edition. All texts and visual images derive from this copy. The work was originally published in two volumes: Volume 1 contains Books 1–3 and Volume 2 contains Books 4–6, plus appendices. This reprinted edition consists of three volumes: Volume 1 (Books 1, 2), Volume 2 (Books 3, 4), and Volume 3 (Books 5, 6). The texts are in the original fount and all illustrations and maps are inserted as foldouts.Table of ContentsA Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities … now lastly corrected, by John STOW, Improved and very much Enlarged by JOHN STRYPE, In Six Books + Appendix + Index + 70 Engraved Maps and PlatesLondon: Printed for A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock … 1720Volume 1New Preface by Tetsuya Iseki, Kwassui Women’s College, NagasakiPreface by John Strype / Stow’s Epistle Dedicatory / The Life of John Stow / A Catalogue of Authors, Records and Manuscripts / A List of Subscribers NamesThe First Book (c. 370pp.): General Description of the City of London, and Some Account of the CitizensThe Second Book (c. 290pp.): Particular Inspection into the Thirteen Wards on the East Side of WalbrookeVolume 2The Third Book (c. 290pp.): Inspection into the Twelve Wards on the West Side of WalbrookeThe Fourth Book (c. 120pp.): Inspection into the Ward of the Borough of Southwark, as also into the Suburbs of the City, and the Liberty of the Dutchy of LancasterVolume 3The Fifth Book (c. 460pp.): Account of the Government of the CityThe Sixth Book (c. 95pp.): Account of WestminsterAppendix (c. 170 pp.)Index (c. 25pp.)

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Book SynopsisPresents an examination of the use of maps for wayfinding. This book considers maps whose makers employed the smallest of scales to envision the broadest of human stages. It looks at maps that are at the opposite end of the scale from cosmological and world maps. It shows ways in which certain maps can be linked to particular events in history.Trade Review"Maps shows us that the content of a given map is as much determined by culture, historical circumstances, and the interests of mapmakers and map users as it is by the geography that it attempts to depict. From the earliest maps on clay tablets to today's in-car navigation systems, maps tell us not just where we are but who we are. They are artifacts of - and witnesses to - history. And they continue to inspire us to wonder about our place in the world, and mark it for others to see." - John W. McCarter Jr., from the Foreword"

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Book SynopsisThe book is a treasure trove of tidbits describing how the world around us came about. . . . Things Maps Don't Tell Us actually communicates a great deal about the things maps can tell us if we care to look carefully underneath the printed symbols.--James E. Young, Cartographic Perspectives

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Book SynopsisWriters know only too well how long it can takeand how awkward it can beto describe spatial relationships with words alone. And while a map might not always be worth a thousand words, a good one can help writers communicate an argument or explanation clearly, succinctly, and effectively. In his acclaimed How to Lie with Maps, Mark Monmonier showed how maps can distort facts. In Mapping it Out: Expository Cartography for the Humanities and Social Sciences, he shows authors and scholars how they can use expository cartographythe visual, two-dimensional organization of informationto heighten the impact of their books and articles. This concise, practical book is an introduction to the fundamental principles of graphic logic and design, from the basics of scale to the complex mapping of movement or change. Monmonier helps writers and researchers decide when maps are most useful and what formats work best in a wide range of subject areas, from literary criticism to sociology. He demonstrates, for example, various techniques for representing changes and patterns; different typefaces and how they can either clarify or confuse information; and the effectiveness of less traditional map forms, such as visibility base maps, frame-rectangle symbols, and complementary scatterplot designs for conveying complex spatial relationships. There is also a wealth of practical information on map compilation, cartobibliographies, copyright and permissions, facsimile reproduction, and the evaluation of source materials. Appendixes discuss the benefits and limitations of electronic graphics and pen-and-ink drafting, and how to work with a cartographic illustrator. Clearly written, and filled with real-world examples, Mapping it Out demystifies mapmaking for anyone writing in the humanities and social sciences. A useful guide to a subject most people probably take too much for granted. It shows how map makers translate abstract data into eye-catching cartograms, as they are called. It combats cartographic illiteracy. It fights cartophobia. It may even teach you to find your way.Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, The New York Times

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Book SynopsisMonmonier shows authors and scholars how they can use expository cartography--the visual, two-dimensional organization of information--to heighten the impact of their books and articles. A concise, practical book that introduces the fundamental principles of graphic logic and design. 112 maps. 1 halftone.

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Book SynopsisWhen sanctions prohibited local use of racially, ethnically, and scatalogically offensive toponyms, names like Jap Valley, California, were erased from the national and cultural map forever. This title considers the efforts to computerize mapmaking, standardize geographic names, and respond to public concern over ethnically offensive appellations.Trade Review"Engaging....A trove of giggle-inducing lore." - Publishers Weekly "[An] excellent book....[Mark Monmonier] is an able populariser of academic geography, and an expert guide to the bureaucratic, legal and political hierarchies that determine how places acquire, change and lose their names." - Economist "Fascinating....The book will interest anyone who has ever wondered how place names have come to be established by locals, and then come to endure on maps - at least until the advance of political correctness." - Susan Gole, Times Higher Education Supplement "An entertaining and enlightening excursion." - Michael Kenney, Boston Globe "Naming places has always been a political as well as a personal act, but Mark Monmonier's boyishly infectious history of...toponyms maps out the sexism, racism, and imperialism through which we have come to know our landscapes....Monmonier's book shows that maps are no more neutral than any other record of human construction." - Simon Reid-Henry, Times Literary Supplement"

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