Biology, life sciences Books

Book SynopsisIn this next edition of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," chapters include research on the obesity prevention programs for elementary school-age children; foreign body ingestion in children; the use of fluorescent tracer retrograde labeling to identify somatosensory dorsal root ganglia neurons; the contribution of PGE2 induced nociceptor sensitisation and potentiation to chronic pain conditions; ultrasounds for trigeminal neuralgia; postoperative monitoring after free tissue transfers; the mobilisation, collection and transfusion of granulocytes; the defects of granulocytes and granulopoiesis; near infrared spectroscopy in neonatal clinical monitoring and in the food and pharmaceutical industries; and Sarco(endo)Plasmic Reticulum Calcium-ATPases (SERCAs) and MicroRNAs.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest research in medical research. Included are chapters that examine the vascular supply to the skin - the largest organ in the body and thus a major barrier to microorganisms to prevent infection; an analysis of the Pregnancy Prevention Programme according to healthcare professional surveys; new approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and clinical challenges of onychomycosis - the most common nail disease which affects approximately 5% of the population worldwide; platelet-associated regulatory system (PARS); an examination of the production of certain isoprostanes, which notably increases in different cardiovascular pathological conditions or endocrine-metabolic disorders related to endothelial dysfunction; the measles epidemic, its prevalence in Europe and Japan and the importance and impact of providing vaccinations; phospholipase D, a major player in pathophysiological diseases; and finally, an analysis of the the Brazilian Human Milk Banks Network that was established to promote the health of women and children.

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Book SynopsisIn this next edition of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," chapters include research on differential diagnosis, along with potential treatments for insomnia in children and adults; the effectiveness of biobehavioral interventions to relieve joint and muscle dysfunction that occurs in Temporomandibular Joint and Muscle Disorders (TMJMD), when they are implemented in community-based clinics; the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of scorpion venom and their toxins; the relief of chemical-induced acute colitis through the use of non-anticoagulant oligosaccharides of enoxaparin; the expression and function of macrophage CXCR7''s link to atherosclerosis; the participation of microtubules in intracellular cholesterol transport through cytosolic lipid-protein particles in rat astrocytes; and teeth and amelogenin in xenopus.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," present the latest research in medical research. The book begins with a review of the role of remifentanil in obstetric analgesia. The following chapter examines oculomotor palsy after obstetric anesthesia. Chapter three discusses contemporary diagnostic procedures and the differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian cysts. Chapter four provides a comprehensive overview of available information on dog ovarian cysts. Chapter five examines papain-based carious tissue removal. Chapters six and seven summarise the current understanding of the pathophysiology of pruritis associated with jaundice and the currently available treatment options for the condition, and discuss the rare causes of obstructive jaundice. Chapter eight highlights all aspects that have been studied by various workers affecting the stability of sulfacetamide, particularly, in pharmaceutical systems. Chapter nine examines post-traumatic inflammation of the white matter. Chapter ten reviews the role of dexamethasone before, during and after the surgery, using in vivo and clinical studies. Chapter 11 discusses the 0.7-mg dexamethasone intravitreal implant for the treatment of posterior noninfectious uveitis. The last chapter provides research on the advances and challenges in the structural analysis of milk biomolecules using modern mass spectrometry techniques. 

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," present the latest research in medical research. The first chapter provides a review on the isolation of mitotic chromosomes from HeLa and other cells. Chapter Two discusses many new hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive approaches for men. Chapter Three studies the risk factors associated with smoking during pregnancy. Chapter Four presents implications of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in cell cultures and bioproducts for human and animal health. Chapter Five reviews the different mechanisms associated with BVDV infection, by which BVDV triggers an impairment of the immune response, with special emphasis on its implication in the development of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD). Chapters Six and Seven examine the the diagnosis, prognosis, management and emerging treatments for Polycythemia vera (PV). The last chapter reviews evidence from experimental and clinical studies to show the potential effect of tea polyphenols on the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," present the latest research in medical research. The first chapter provides recent findings from animal studies and human intervention studies are reviewed and evaluated with respect to the preventive/protective effects of cranberries against metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Chapter Two discusses the use of the North American cranberry to decrease matrix metalloproteinase activity in aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro, which occurs via modulation of key cellular signaling activities. Chapter Three examines how dietary whole cranberry modulates plasma cholesterol profiles and prevents liver toxicity in response to cholesterol-feeding in the JCR. Chapter Four discusses the known characteristics and functions of macrovascular pericytes and describes the role of these cells in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Chapter Five reviews the putative role of pericytes in thyroid gland and rare/orphan thyroid tumors. Chapter Six discusses the synthesis, regulation and physiological effects of the luteinising and follicle-stimulation hormones in women. Chapter Seven presents the epidemiology of legionellosis as well as clinical features and control strategies of the microorganism. Chapter Eight provides insights on neuronal vulnerability and astrocytic abnormalities during stroke. Chapter Nine provides an overall perspective of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and the potential role of the Scientist in the Community. Chapter Ten describes the active regulatory process that maintains corneal avascularity, describes the pathogenesis of the neovascular process, provides an overview of the most common aetiologies of corneal neovascularisation (CoNV), as well as current and future treatments available. Chapter Eleven describes the clinical, histological, and molecular changes occurring in the skin after ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, and reviews the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms contributing to the clinical phenotype of photoaged skin. The last chapter studies medication error reduction at transitions of care through a better multiciplinary intervention.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," present the latest research in medical research. Chapter One provides an overview of molecular biology approaches for Dengue diagnosis and research in Brazil. Chapter Two identifies host factor predictors and clinical determinants associated with Dengue Fever versus Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in an adult population. Chapter Three summarizes the symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and treatment of gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children, from a pulmonary perspective. Chapter Four provides a brief overview on the role of some potential dietary natural products in the prevention of GERD and treatment with particular reference to the findings of the latest preclinical investigations or clinical trials. Chapter Five investigates the mechanism of onset of syringomyelia, a disease that produces fluid-containing cavities in the parenchyma of the spinal cord, using an adhesive spinal arachnoiditis model created by injection of kaolin into the subarachnoid space. Chapter Six outlines the approach to syringomyelia that starts with a functionally oriented classification based on the underlying cause of the syrinx and its accompanying specific cavitary pattern, and it also elucidates the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved and suggested in the formation and propagation of the cavitation. Chapter Seven summarizes the prevalence and virulence characteristics of L. pneumophila in aquatic environments including natural and artificially-controlled water environments such as hot springs in Japan. Chapter Eight discusses the basic biomechanical characteristics and forces acting on the ankle under static conditions and their influences on artificial total ankle replacement designs. The authors of Chapter Nine suggest that the adverse tissue reaction to aseptic loosening of arthroplasty can serve as a reliable clinical model, which has a considerable prevalence and adequately represents the toxicity of nanomaterials in the human body. They also discuss how to better make use of previous and ongoing models for nanotoxicology study. Chapter Ten describes the nasal deformities associated with congenital clefting and outlines the timing and techniques used to correct these deformities. Chapter 11 presents the technique and results of augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone implant in Asians. Chapter 12 discusses surgical treatment of resectable, borderline resectable and locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancers. Chapter 13 presents a practically orientated overview of principal problems of diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls in pulmonary embolism (PE) affecting elderly patients from the point of view of a geriatrician. The final chapter examines the negative side effects of Zolpidem, a medication often used for insomnia.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a complete review of biological energetics and responds systematically that there is no possible activity without bio-energy in the living bodies. In this case, we elucidate and describe concretely the generations of bio-energy and its properties, regulation of bio-energy metabolism, bio-energy transport and its theoretical description, the stability of bio-energy transport, the experimental evidences of correctness of bio-energy theory and its wide applications, as well as the use of bio-energy in living systems involving animals, plants and human beings. Additionally, the biological phenomena, processes and effects related to bio-energy are also delineated, explained and shed light on theoretical calculations and analyses, numerical simulations and experimental measurements using biology, molecular biology and biophysics. This book contains seven chapters, in which 380 pages and a great number of illustrations and figures reveal the theoretical and experimental results. It is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students and upper-level undergraduate students.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," present the latest research in medical research. Chapter One provides a brief review of a rhino-orbital Rhizopus arrhizus infection. Chapter Two reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of mucormycetes as causative pathogens of osteomyelitis. Chapter Three discusses the bilateral estimation between muscle activation and joint movement with muscle synergy extraction via non-negative matrix factorization. Chapter Four examines lupus anticoagulant and lupus nephritis. Chapter Five discusses multi-systemic effects of the thyroid hormone. Chapter Six provides a review of microfluorimetry of single yeast cells by fluorescence microscopy combined with digital photography and computer image analysis. Chapter Seven describes the possible mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic action of herbal preparations is considered and the effect of some herbal preparations on carotid IMT progression in clinical trials. Chapter Eight discusses the ultrasound findings of the ''tulip sign'' in a fetus with Chiari II malformation. Chapter Nine examines pterygium surgery. Chapter Ten discusses cAMP-Me2+-DNA complex on gene induction and signaling for coupling the environment stimulus to produce variety and its impact on evolution. The final chapter, Chapter 11, addresses the importance of hand-washing and the requirements that should be adopted in relation to this procedure in the field of food handling to prevent foodborne diseases.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One highlights the potential and limitations of the zebrafish model for studying lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and endotoxin tolerance (ET). Chapter Two evaluates the health benefits and risks of shellfish consumption. Chapter Three provides an overview of Chiari malformations (CMI), discusses the diagnosis and surgical treatment options, and shares the authors'' institutional experience with the treatments of CMI. Chapter Four provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art on the effects of PolyChlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) exposure during embryonic development and the potential long term effects on resulting offspring. Chapter Five examines the tissue reaction to acellular implants in acute spinal cord injury. Chapter Six reviews plantar fibromatosis. The last chapter discusses the optimal breathing technique for relaxation.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One reviews the medicinal uses of Astragalus, clinical trials, its effects on human health, and the potential side-effects resulting from its use as complementary and alternative medicine. In Chapter Two, links between pharmacological activities and structural traits (including aglycone type, substitution types, positions and levels) are statistically highlighted by means of comparison between active and non-evaluated saponins. Chapter Three explores the underlying pleura anatomy and physiology, pathogenesis and etiology of pleurisy, including identification, assessment and management of the condition. Chapter Four discusses grading and classification of dysplasia and dermatoscopic findings. Chapter Five studies a unifying biological concept for atypical melanocytic lesions. Chapter Six reviews general ethical aspects of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including cultural and contextual factors of importance for CPR performance. Chapter Seven examines histhopathological complications in new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation. The final chapter discusses the point of care critical ultrasound in emergency care medicine.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses the structure, function and the significance of C-reactive proteins in Malaria and schistosomiasis. Chapter Two examines C-reactive protein as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for actue cholecystitis and safety conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Chapter Three studies the relevance of C-reactive protein levels in morbidly obese patients and after bariatric surgery. Chapter Four presents information from a pilot study assessing family resilience and also reviews child and parent strategies for coping when a child is facing a chronic illness. Chapter Five gives a timely update on the application of clinical, electrophysiological and nerve ultrasound parameters in distinguishing subacute chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy from Guillain-Barrè syndrome. Chapter Six reviews treatment for Guillain-Barrè syndrome. Chapter Seven focuses on hot steel dissection tonsillectomy. Chapter Eight discusses polymyositis as a manifestation of chronic graft versus host disease. Chapter Nine examines probiotic preparation for commercial pisciculture. Chapter Ten discusses the use of polytetrafluoroethylene patches for shoulder surgery. Chapter Eleven reviews the use of palm oil and its byproducts in animal feeds and the influence of this dietary supplementation on the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in ruminants, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Chapter Twelve examines the centrosome as a geometric, noise-resistant device for driving the location of targeted molecules inside the cell.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One reviews epigallocatechin-3-gallate in autoimmunity. Chapter Two discusses the detection of hepatic and breast cancer stem cells through concurrent monitoring of multiple markers using an acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) and quantum dots. Chapter Three examines differential roles of the α4β2- and α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptors in nicotine addiction. Chapter Four focuses on thermodynamic and chemometric descriptions of molecular interactions over hydrogen bonds in micelles of bile acid anions. Chapter Five studies interactions between organic molecules on silicon surface by means of the rate theory and an in situ measurement using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Chapter Six discusses sleep in Lewy body diseases. Chapter Seven addresses the issue of artificial skins in wound healing and reconstruction of damaged organs. Chapter Eight reviews the current immunosuppression and immunosuppressive monitoring for better understanding and guiding physicians in clinical practice of kidney transplantation.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One summarizes the recent knowledge on the effects of carnitine on hyperammonemia in patients with liver cirrhosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Chapter Two discusses the role of Acyl/free carnitine ratio on uremic cardiomyopathy in chronic hemodialysis patients. Chapter Three investigates the possible application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during milk fermentation in relation to ACE-I inhibitory peptides. Chapter Four focuses on black tea and the effect of the addition of milk on the antioxidant activity of black tea. Chapter Five clarifies the current status of aortic valve stenosis therapy and defines its main advantages and problems related to the current option of treatment to better understand how to deal with patients at intermediate risk for conventional surgery. Chapter Six reviews clinical signs, diagnosis and topical therapy of dermatophyte infections. Chapter Seven focuses on species, subtypes, differences in pathogeny and clinical manifestations, and mathematical methods for DNA sequence analysis of human cryptosporidiosis. Chapter Eight reviews global health security for the control of emerging infectious disease outbreaks.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One provides an overview of the evolution, development and production of aquaculture vaccines. Chapter Two discusses chronic fungal rhinosinusitis. Chapter Three focuses on congenital disorders that cause opthalmoplegia. Chapter Four discusses the roles of the inflammation amplifier and gateway reflexes in chronic inflammation. Chapter Five examines the clinical features, occurrence and treatment options of pyogenic granulomas. Chapter Six focuses on the biological aspects that is the effects of sex steroids and sex steroid-related changes, on biological responses to social stress. Chapter Seven reviews male and female diet compositions of elasmobranch species. Chapter Eight provides a review of the prevention and treatment of morbid obesity. Chapter Nine explores the mechanistic underpinnings of recently-identified centrosome functions and the consequences of their disruption in human disorders such as microcephaly, cancer, ciliopathies, inflammation, diabetes and obesity. Chapter Ten investigates the migration behavior of functional melanocytes (MCs) in extracellular matrix proteins after Nd:YAG laser irradiation, and demonstrates the relevant mechanisms involved in repigmentation.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One reviews creatinine in obstetrics. Chapter Two studies urinary creatinine analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chapter Three discusses hormonal and metabolic disorders as links between obesity and cancer risk in men and women. Chapter Four presents and discusses a review of intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations in diverse animal models and humans in the context of aqueous humor dynamics and glaucoma. Chapter Five discusses phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Scabiosa L. genus. Chapter Six discusses new candidate biomarkers, their role in pathogenesis and describes future directions in developing algorithms that will improve the ability to predict the development of clinically relevant graft versus host disease (GVHD). Chapter Seven presents a short review of the current situation of ecological-genetic research with the use of environmental DNA. Chapter Eight reviews the literature that informs our understanding on how trypanosomes monitor and respond to nutrients in their environment, with a focus on a key metabolite, glucose. The goal of this chapter is to address mechanisms that enable the parasites to respond to differences in availability of this critical nutrient in the suite of niches they occupy. Finally, Chapter Nine discusses bovine trypanosomosis prevalence and its vectors density in the major cattle rearing regions of Cameroon.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One provides an overview of various important sweat gland tumors. Chapter Two discusses different benign and malignant lesions of the sweat glands, their diagnosis and management along with the pertinent review of literature to guide the readers about this rare group of disorders. Chapter Three reviews strength exercise and cardiometabolic health. Chapter Four discusses the importance of muscle function and the role of exercise training in muscle performance. Chapter Five reviews results reported in different clinical studies and animal models to provide a comprehensive picture of the role of physical exercise in Parkinson''s disease. Chapter Six provides updates on anticancer activity of triterpenoids, their activities in health benefit, as well as the current situation of the triterpenoids synthesis. Chapter Seven focuses on the improvement of defective cellular glucose uptake by the upregulation of estrogen signaling. Chapter Eight evaluates the effect of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) lesion excision to non-surgically treated women under 25 years old diagnosed with CIN-2. Chapter Nine discusses current and future directions for the risk factors of pregnancy-associated severe sepsis. Chapter Ten examines species-specific detection of adulterant in milk which will ultimately help in value addition to milk as well as milk products.

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Book SynopsisFrom a New York Times bestselling nature writer comes a celebration of what goes on outside in the dark, from blooming moon gardens to nocturnal salamanders, from glowing foxfire and synchronous fireflies that blink in unison like an orchestra of light. In this glorious celebration of the night, New York Times bestselling nature writer Leigh Ann Henion invites us to leave our well-lit homes, step outside, and embrace the dark as a profoundly beautiful part of the world we inhabit. Because no matter where we live, we are surrounded by animals that rise with the moon, and blooms that reveal themselves as light fades. Henion explores her home region of Appalachia, where she attends a synchronous firefly event in Tennessee, a bat outing in Alabama, and a moth festival in Ohio. In North Carolina, she finds forests alight with bioluminescent mushrooms, neighborhood trees full of screech owls, and valleys teeming with migratory salamanders. Along the way, Henion encounters naturalists, biologists, primitive-skills experts, and others who?ve dedicated their lives to cultivating relationships with darkness. Every page of this lyrical book feels like an opportunity to ask: How did I not know about this before? For example, we learn that it can take hours, not minutes, for human eyes to reach full night vision capacity. And that there are thousands of firefly species on earth, many with flash patterns as unique as fingerprints. In an age of increasing artificial light, Night Magic focuses on the amazing biodiversity that still surrounds us after sunset. We do not need to stargaze into the distant cosmos or dive into the depths of oceans to find awe in the dark. There are dazzling wonders in our own backyards. And readers of World of Wonders, Entangled Life, and The Hidden Life of Trees will discover joy in Night Magic.

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