Biology, life sciences Books

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Book SynopsisThis is a collection of fundamental and specific applied procedures in cell and tissue culture which form the basis of the new medical techniques of tissue engineering and gene therapy.Trade Review"it will be of great value to researchers who require practical guidance for application of cell culture, tissue engineering, and gene therapy." (European Jnl of Orthodontics, Vol 23/1, 2001) "...The book represents good value for the price and presents many insights..." (Cell Biology International, August 2002)Table of ContentsBasic Laboratory Set-Up and Procedures. Specialized Techniques. Cell Characterization and Analysis. Cell Line Derivation Methods. Modern Clinical Applications of Cultured Cells. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisPearly mussels (Unionoidea) live in lakes, rivers, and streams around the world. These bivalves play important roles in freshwater ecosystems and were once culturally and economically valuable as sources of food, pearls, and mother-of-pearl. This book offers a synthesis of the factors that control the distribution and abundance of pearly mussels.Trade Review"Highly recommended." -- S. R. Fegley Choice "Illuminating and thought provoking... This timely book will entice still more ecologists to study and help save these fascinating animals." -- Wendell R. Haag Conservation Biology "A must-read for anyone working or studying the ecology of this diverse and endangered assemblage of mollusks." -- Daniel L. Graf Journal Of Molluscan Stds/ Malacologist "Excellent... This book is engagingly written throughout, and provides ... a reflection on the dilemma of modern ecology." Qtly Review Of Biology "This thorough, authoritative and highly enjoyable read is a must for all freshwater biologists." Freshwater Biology "Thoughtful, and thought-provoking... A valuable read for most ecologists, especially those concerned with the conservation of this threatened species." Biofeedback "The approach outlined in the book could be used for any group of organisms." Journal Of North American Benthological SocietyTable of ContentsPreface PART ONE: The Laboratory 1. The Model as Monster 2. The Case of Pearly Mussels PART TWO: The Monster's Parts 3. Dispersal 4. Habitat 5. Hosts 6. Food 7. Enemies 8. Implications for Conservation PART THREE: Making the Monster Walk 9. Three Models for Mussel Ecology 10. Is a Comprehensive Model Possible? Literature Cited Index

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Book SynopsisMollusca, the second largest animal phylum that boasts a fossil record of over 540 million years, includes the bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. This study treats each taxon and supplies information as well as overviews of its evolution and phylogeny using data from morphological, ultrastructural, molecular, developmental, and fossil records.Trade Review"Provides an updated collation badly needed... Makes exciting reading, all the more so because in providing overviews of work in progress it reflects divergent opinions." Science (AAAS) "[Will] serve as standard reference for evolutionary ecologists over the next decade." Marine Ecology "This book is a must-have for researchers studying molluscan (or even invertebrate) evolution. It includes an incredible amount of useful information, all of which is well-referenced." Bulletin Of Marine Science "The book has been carefully edited and is rich in high-quality figures... A standard reference for evolutionary ecologists over the next decade." -- Martin Zuschin Marine Ecology

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Book SynopsisScientists act within a social context and from a philosophical perspective that is inherently political. Whether they realize it or not, scientists always choose sides. This book explores the political nature of scientific inquiry, advancing its argument within the framework of Marxist dialectic.Trade ReviewThe book successfully achieves the authors’ goal of demonstrating by example the power and nature of the dialectical method. Its usefulness, however, extends well beyond this. The articles are intellectually challenging in content as well as method. And by collecting in one place articles on evolution, scientific analysis and the social dimensions of science—the book’s three major divisions—the authors have provided a valuable tool for exploring the complexity and richness of biology… The Dialectical Biologist is certain to be controversial… This book is a rich source of understanding, and it will undoubtedly stimulate important discussion. * New York Times Book Review *This important and controversial book will be hotly discussed by biologists. * Library Journal *An extremely readable and very provocative book. * New Scientist *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. On Evolution Evolution as Theory and Ideology Adaptation The Organism as the Subject and Object of Evolution 2. On Analysis The Analysis of Variance and the Analysis of Causes Isidore Nabi on the Tendencies of Motion Dialectics and Reductionism in Ecology 3. Science as a Social Product and the Social Product of Science The Problem of Lysenkoism The Commoditizatjon of Science The Political Economy of Agricultural Research Applied Biology in the Third World The Pesticide System Research Needs for Latin Community Health What Is Human Nature? Conclusion: Dialectics Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisQuantitative models are crucial to almost every area of ecosystem science. This book provides an overview of the status and role of modeling in ecosystem science, including perspectives on the debate over the appropriate level of complexity in models. It contains eight chapters that address the critical issue of evaluating ecosystem models.Trade Review"In the book, a group of excellent ecologists share with you their experience of working with ecological models, their insights into various modeling issues, and their visions of future directions... Experienced modelers or experimentalists with strong interests in modeling can learn a great deal from this book."--Yiqi Luo, Ecology

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Book SynopsisOffers a comprehensive survey of the many roles that hormones play in the biology of insects. This work discusses topics such as the control of molting, metamorphosis, reproduction, caste determination in social insects, diapause, migration, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, diuresis, and behavior. It is useful for students and nonspecialists.Trade Review"Frederik Nijhout's book is the first comprehensive and concise review of insect endocrinology for more than twenty years. Much has changed and much has been added in those years, and Insect Hormones therefore fills more a yawning void than a gap. It is an incisive and well-written overview."--Gaden S. Robinson, The Times Literary Supplement "This is an excellent and timely book which makes a major contribution to this branch of science. It brings together information about the workings of hormones that control almost every aspect of insect physiology. It is well written, and it will be essential reading for all with more than a passing interest in insect endocrinology, and is thoroughly recommended to students and researchers alike."--John Edwards, New ScientistTable of ContentsPrefaceCh. 1Anatomy of the Insect Endocrine System3Ch. 2Mechanisms of Hormone Action and Experimental Methods16Ch. 3Metabolism and Homeostasis33Ch. 4The Developmental Physiology of Growth, Molting, and Metamorphosis50Ch. 5The Endocrine Control of Molting and Metamorphosis89Ch. 6Reproduction142Ch. 7Diapause160Ch. 8Polyphenisms176Ch. 9Hormones and Behavior197Epilogue212Literature Cited215Author Index253Subject Index260

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Book Synopsis“Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny” was Haeckel’s answer to 19th-century biology’s most vexing question: what is the relationship between individual development and the evolution of species and lineages? Gould documents the history of the idea of recapitulation from its first appearance among the pre-Socratics to its fall in the early 20th century.Trade ReviewIn Gould’s…new book…Ontogeny and Phylogeny, a scholarly study of the theory of recapitulation, he not only explains scientific theory but comments on science itself, with clarity and wit, simultaneously entertaining and teaching… [This] is a rich book. -- James Gorman * New York Times Book Review *Steven Jay Gould has given us a superb analysis of the use of ontogenetic analogy, the controversies over ontogeny and phylogeny, and the classification of the different processes observable in comparing different ontogenies. His massive book (in each chapter of which there is as much material as in whole books by other writers) is both a historical exposition of the whole subject of ontogeny and phylogeny, and…a fascinating attempt at a functional interpretation of those phylogenetic alterations that involve changes of timing developmental processes in related organisms. -- A. J. Cain * Nature *This [is a] fat, handsome book crammed with provocative ideas… Ontogeny and Phylogeny is an important and thoughtful book which will be a valuable source of ideas and controversies for anyone interested in evolutionary or developmental biology. -- Matt Cartmill * Science *It is rare indeed to read a new book and recognize it for a classic… Gould has given biologists a new way to see the organisms they study. The result is a major achievement. -- S. Rachootin * American Scientist *Gould’s book—pervaded, I should say, with an erudition and felicity of style that make it a delight to read—is a radical work in every sense… It returns one’s attention to the roots of our science—the questions about the great pageant of evolution, the marvelous diversity of form that our theory is meant to explain. -- D. Futuyma * Quarterly Review of Biology *A distinguished and pioneering work. -- Ernst MayrTable of Contents* *1. Prospectus * Part I: Recapitulation *2. The Analogistic Tradition from Anaximander to Bonnet * The Seeds of Recapitulation in Greek Science? * Ontogeny and Phylogeny in the Conflict of "Evolution" and Epigenesis: The Idyll of Charles Bonnet * Appendix: The Revolution in "Evolution" *3. Transcendental Origins, 1793--1860 * Naturphilosophie: An Expression of Developmentalism * Two Leading Recapitulationists among the Naturphilosophen: Oken and Meckel * Oken's Classification of Animals Linear Additions of Organs * J. F. Meckel's Sober Statement of the Same Principles * Serres and the French Transcendentalists * Recapitulation and the Theory of Developmental Arrests * Von Baer's Critique of Recapitulation * The Direction of Development and Classification of Animals * Von Baer and Naturphilosophie: What Is the Universal Direction of Development? * Louis Agassiz and the Threefold Parallelism *4. Evolutionary Triumph, 1859--1900 * Evolutionary Theory and Zoological Practice * Darwin and the Evolution of Von Baer' Laws * Evolution and the Mechanics of Recapitulation * Ernst Haeckel: Phylogeny as the Mechanical Cause of Ontogeny * The Mechanism of Recapitulation * The American Neo-Lamarckians: The Law of Acceleration as Evolution's Motor * Progressive Evolution by Acceleration * The Extent of Parallelism * Why Does Recapitulation Dominate the History of Life? * Alpheus Hyatt and Universal Acceleration * Lamarckism and the Memory Analogy * Recapitulation and Darwinism * Appendix: The Evolutionary Translation of von Baer's Laws *5. Pervasive Influence * Criminal Anthropology * Racism * Child Development * Primary Education * Freudian Psychoanalysis * Epilogue *6. Decline, Fall, and Generalization * A Clever Argument * An Empirical Critique * Organs or Ancestors: The Transformation of Haeckel's Heterochrony * Interpolations into Juvenile Stages * Introduction of Juvenile Features into the Adults of Descendants * What Had Become of von Baer's Critique? * Benign Neglect: Recapitulation and the Rise of Experimental Embryology * The Prior Assumptions of Recapitulation * Wilhelm His and His Physiological Embryology: A Preliminary Skirmish * Roux's Entwicklungsmechanik and the Biogenetic Low * Recapitulation and Substantive Issues in Experimental Embryology: The New Preformationism * Mendel's Resurrection, Haeckel's Fall, and the Generalization of Recapitulation * Part II: Heterocrony and Paedomorphosis *7. Heterochrony and the Parallel of Ontogeny and Phylogeny * Acceleration and Retardation * Confusion in and after Haeckel's Wake * Guidelines for a Resolution * The Reduction of de Beer's Categories of Heterochrony to Acceleration and Retardation * A Historical Paradox: The Supposed Dominance of Recapitulation * Dissociability and Heterochrony * Correlation and Disociability * Dissociation of the Three Processes * A Metric for Dissociation * Temporal Shift as a Mechanism of Dissociation * A Clock Model of Heterochrony * Appendix: A Note on the Multivariate Representation of Dissociation *8. The Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Heterochrony * The Argument from Frequency * The Importance of Recapitulation * The Importance of Heterochronic Change: Selected Cases * Frequency of Paedomorphosis in the Origin of Higher Taxa * A Critique of the Classical Significance of Heterochrony * The Classical Arguments * Retrospective and Immediate Significance * Heterochrony, Ecology, and Life-History Strategies * The Potential Ease and Rapidity of Heterochronic Change * The Control of Metamorphosis in Insects * Amphibian Paedomorphosis and the Thyroid Gland *9. Progenesis and Neoteny Insect Progenesis * Prothetely and Metathetely * Paedogenesis (Parthenogenetic Progenesis) in Gall Midges and Beetles * Progenesis in Wingless, Parthenogenetic Aphids * Additional Cases of Progenesis with a Similar Ecological Basis * Neotenic Solitary Locusts: Are They an Exception to the Rule? * Amphibian Neoteny * The Ecological Determinants of Progenesis * Unstable Environments * Colonization * Parasites * Male Dispersal * Progenesis as an Adaptive Response to Pressures for Small Size * The Role of Heterochrony in Macroevolution: Contrasting Flexibilities for Progenesis and Neoteny * Progenesis * Neoteny * The Social Correlates of Neoteny in Higher Vertebrates *10. Retardation and Neoteny in Human Evolution * The Seeds of Neoteny * The Fetalization Theory of Louis Bolk * Bolk's Data * Bolk's Interpretation * Bolk's Evolutionary Theory * A Tradition of Argument * Retardation in Human Evolution * Morphology in the Matrix of Retardation * Of Enumeration * Of Prototypes * Of Correlation * The Adaptive Significance of Retarded Development *11. Epilogue * Notes * Bibliography * Glossary * Index

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Book SynopsisHow can we make better sense of animal behavior by using what we know about the brain? This book attempts to answer this question by applying neural network theory. It shows how scientists can employ ANNs to analyze animal behavior, explores the general principles of the nervous systems, and tests potential generalizations among species.Trade Review"Neural Networks and Animal Behavior will interest students of animal behavior, cognitive scientists, engineers, and anyone working with neural networks. In a real way, this book is a bridge across the disciplines, constructing connections between animal behavior theories to other modes of understanding."--Biology Digest "This is a timely contribution to the field that should mark a turning point in the use of neural networks in animal behavior research."--Richard Peters, Animal BehaviourTable of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1. Understanding Animal Behavior 1 1.1 The causes of behavior 2 1.2 A framework for models of behavior 4 1.3 The structure of behavior models 7 1.4 Neural network models 18 Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Neural Network Models 31 2.1 Network nodes 31 2.2 Network architectures 39 2.3 Achieving specific input-output mappings 45 2.4 Organizing networks without specific guidance 57 2.5 Working with your own models 58 Chapter 3. Mechanisms of Behavior 67 3.1 Analysis of behavior systems 67 3.2 Building neural network models 70 3.3 Reactions to stimuli 75 3.4 Sensory processing 89 3.5 Temporal patterns 96 3.6 Many sources of information and messy information 99 3.7 Central mechanisms of decision making 100 3.8 Motor control 115 3.9 Consequences of damage to nervous systems 123 Chapter 4. Learning and Ontogeny 129 4.1 What are learning and ontogeny? 129 4.2 General aspects of learning 130 4.3 Network models of general learning phenomena 141 4.4 Behaviorally silent learning 151 4.5 Comparison with animal learning theory 155 4.6 Training animals versus training networks 159 4.7 Ontogeny 160 4.8 Conclusions 170 Chapter 5. Evolution 173 5.1 The evolution of behavior systems 173 5.2 Requirements for evolving behavior mechanisms 175 5.3 The material basis of behavioral evolution 178 5.4 Exploring evolution with neural network models 186 5.5 Conclusions 202 Chapter 6. Conclusions 205 6.1 Are neural networks good models of behavior? 205 6.2 Do we use too simple network models? 208 6.3 Comparisons with other models 208 6.4 Neural networks and animal cognition 210 6.5 Final words 218 Bibliography 219 Index 249

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book-length treatment of mathematical models of muscle functions. Although physiologists, biophysicists, and bioengineers often mention these models, particularly the important Huxley models, Thomas A. McMahon is the first completely to explain them.Trade Review"This book is highly recommended to all those interested in muscle and animal movement. It is likely to be equally useful to students and to established research workers in biophysics, bioengineering, biology, and medicine."--Science

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Book SynopsisExplains what is known about hydrothermal systems in terms of their deep-sea environment and their geological and chemical makeup. This book explores the possibility that life originated at hydrothermal vents, a hypothesis that has had impact on our ideas about the potential for life on other planets or planetary bodies in our solar system.Trade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2000 "[Van Dover] writes well and is not above conducting heroic experiments in what I assume is her own kitchen."--Dennis Drabelle, Washington Post Book World "[An] impressive, eminently readable book."--Ellis L. Yochelson, American Scientist "Foremost in understanding the ecology of hydrothermal vents has been Cindy Van Dover. "--Paul A. Tyler, Trends in Ecology and Evolution "The strength of Van Dover's book is that it is academically definitive... Coverage is comprehensive, and detailed geophysical, chemical and biological issues are taken in their stride with the same sureness of touch."--Richard Shelton, Times Literary Supplement "A remarkably thorough and balanced, dynamic account of evolving and expanding knowledge of these ocean systems ... This unique, most up-to-date book on a vast multidisciplinary subject, written enthusiastically and authoritatively, will be an invaluable resource..."--Choice "The book is remarkably thorough and comprehensive and keeps the reader captivated right up to the end... [A] unique source of information on knowledge of an ecosystem that few of us will ever get a chance to see first-hand."--D. Chandramohan, Current Science "I heartily recommend it to anyone with an interest in learning about what is undoubtedly one of the most important discoveries in earth and life sciences of the past century."--John Woodside, The Leading EdgeTable of ContentsPREFACE xvii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix 1. The Non-Vent Deep Sea 3 1.1 The Physical Environment in the Deep Sea 4 1.2 The Deep-Sea Fauna 5 1.3 Deep-Sea Diversity 8 1.4 Biogeography and Population Genetics 11 1.5 Biochemical and Physiological Adaptations to the Deep-Sea Environment 13 1.6 Benthopelagic Coupling between Surface Productivity and the Deep Sea 15 1.7 Rates of Biological Processes in the Deep Sea 18 1.8 The Vent Contrast 19 References 20 2. Geological Setting ot Hydrothermal Vents 25 2.1 What Are Mid-Ocean Ridges? 25 2.1.1 How Spreading Rates for Ridge Axes Are Determined 28 2.1.2 Spreading Rates 29 2.1.3 Segmentation 31 2.1.4 Magma Supply and Spreading Rate 34 2.2 Back-Arc and Fore-Are Spreading Centers 36 2.3 Seamounts 37 2.4 Volcanic and Tectonic Seafloor Features 39 2.4.1 Crustal Structure 39 2.4.2 Volcanic and Tectonic Fissures 39 2.4.3 Lava Lakes, Drainback. Features, and Lava Pillars 41 2.4.4 Axial Boundary Faults 41 2.4.5 Lava Flow Morphologies 43 2.4.6 Emplacement of Lavas and the Time-Course of a Diking Event 43 2.4.7 Lava Dating 45 2.5 Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fields 47 2.5.1 Missing Heat and Hydrothermal Cooling at Ridge Crests 47 2.5.2 Sulfide Deposits 48 Morphological Variations 48 Columnar Chimneys and Black Smokers 49 White Smokers 50 Beehives and Flanges 50 Complex Sulfide Mounds 53 Weathering of Seafloor Sulfides 56 Dimensions and Ages of Active Hydrothermal Fields 56 2.5.3 Low-Temperature Diffuse Flows 58 2.5.4 Sediment-Hosted Hydrothermal Systems 60 2.5.5 Ophiolites 61 Appendix 63 References 70 3. Chemical and Physical Properties of Vent Fluids 76 3.1 Submarine Hydrothermal Circulation Cells: High-Temperature Reaction Zones 76 3.2 Phase Separation 78 3.3 Flow Rates, Transit Times, and Temperature of Formation 80 3.4 End-Member Fluids 80 3.4.1 Composition 80 Basic Controls on Chemistry 81 3.4.2 Magmatic Inputs 82 3.4.3 Evolution of Vent-Fluid Chemistry 83 3.4.4 Back-Arc Fluid Chemistries 83 3.5 Thermal Radiation 84 3.6 Axial Low-Temperature, Diffuse-Flow Chemistry 85 3.6.1 Flow Rates, Temperature, and Temperature Variability 86 3.6.2 Silicate 87 3.6.3 Sulfide 87 3.6.4 Oxygen 89 3.6.5 Profiles of Oxygen, Sulfide, Silicate, and Temperature 89 3.6.6 Methane, Manganese, and Iron 91 3.6.7 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds 92 3.7 Flank Low-Temperature Fluids 92 3.8 Global Fluxes and the Hydrothermal Influence on Ocean Chemistry and Currents 92 References 94 4. Hydrothermal Plumes 99 4.1 Anatomy of a Black-Smoker Plume 99 4.1.1 Orifice 99 4.1.2 Buoyant Plume 100 4.1.3 Effluent Layer 101 4.2 Megaplumes 104 4.3 Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Plumes 106 4.3.1 Relationship between Plume Distributions and Geophysical Parameters 106 4.4 Plume-DTiven Mesoscale Circulation 110 4.4.1 Plume Vortices 110 4.4.2 Advection and Downwelling 110 4.4.3 Basin-Scale Circulation 111 4.5 Diffuse-Flow Plumes 112 References 112 5. Microbial Ecology 115 5.1 Autotrophic Organisms at Vents 117 5.1.1 Nomenclature 117 5.1.2 Aerobic and Anaerobic Chemoautotrophy at Vents 117 Methanotrophy 119 5.1.3 Carbon Dioxide Fixation 120 5.1.4 Mixotrophy 120 5.1.5 Net Chemoautotrophic Production in Free-Living Hydrothermal-Vent Microorganisms 120 Alternatives to Chemoautotrophy 120 Organic Thennogenesis Hypothesis 121 Detrital Thennal Alteration Hypothesis 121 5.2 Ecology of Free-Living Microorganisms122 5.2.1 Microbial Habitats 122 5.2.2 Hyperthen-nophiles and Superthermophiles 122 Flange Microbial Ecology and the Archaea 125 Microorganisms in Black-Smoker Fluids 125 The "Endeavour Model" 125 The Subsurface Biosphere 127 5.2.3 Plume Microbiology 127 5.2.4 Suspended Microbial Populations 128 5.2.5 Microbial Community Composition 129 Dominance of a Single Bacterial Phylotype at a Mid-Atlantic Ridge Vent 130 Diversity and Community Structure in Microbial Mats, Loihi Seamount 130 Sulfur-Oxidizing Heterotrophs at Vents 132 5.2.6 Bacterial Blooms 132 5.2.7 Microbial Mats 134 5.2.8 The Link between Chemoautotrophic and Photosynthetic Processes 135 5.3 A Search for In Situ Bacterial Photosynthesis 137 5.4 Microbial Genesis of Hydrothermal. Mineral Deposits 137 5.5 Microbial Exploitation of Particulate Sulfides 138 5.6 Biotechnology 139 References 140 6. Symbiosis 145 6. 1. Discovery 145 6.1.1 Sustenance of Gutless Tubeworms 146 6.1.2 Endosymbiotic Bacteria in Vent Mollusks 150 6.1.3 Episymbionts 150 6.2 Methanotrophic Symbioses 153 6.2.1 Dual Symbioses 153 6.2.2 Methanotrophs in Sponges 156 6.3 Adaptive Characteristics of Symbiosis157 6.4 Host Nutrition 158 6.4.1 Digestive Enzymes 160 6.5 Symbiont Phylogeny 162 6.5.1 Endosymbiont Phylogeny and Host Fidelity 162 6.5.2 Episymbiont Phylogeny 165 6.6 Symbiont Acquisition 166 References 167 7. Physiological Ecology 173 7.1 Novel Metabolic Demands 173 7.2 Riftia pachyptila 174 7.2.1 Anatomy of a Tubeworm 174 7.2.2 The Tubeworm Environment 177 7.2.3 Adaptations for Carbon Uptake and Transport in Riftia pachyptila 177 Host Respiratory Inorganic Carbon 177 Environmental Sources of Inorganic Carbon and the Role of Carbonic Anhydrase 179 pH Regulation 180 Carbon Transport 182 Inorganic Carbon Capacity 182 Carbon Fixation Rates 182 7.2.4 Sulfide 183 Sulfide Toxicity 183 Sulfide Uptake and Transport 183 Coupling of Sulfide Detoxification and Energy Exploitation 186 7.2.5 Oxygen 187 7.2.6 Nitrogen 187 Nitrate Respiration 188 7.3 Seep Vestimentiferans and Methanotrophic Pogonophorans 188 7.4 Vent and Seep Bivalve-Mollusk Symbioses 189 7.4.1 Calyptogena magnifica 189 7.4.2 Bathymodiolid Mussels 192 Bathymodiolus thennophilus 192 Methanotrophic Mussels 193 7.4.3 Other Mollusk Symbioses 194 7.5 Physiological Ecology of Episymbiont-Invertebrate Associations 196 7.5.1 Alvinella pompejana 196 7.6 Sulfide Detoxification 197 7.7 Growth Rates 201 7.8 Thermal Adaptations 202 7.8.1 Indices of Thermal Tolerance and Adaptation 203 Thermal Tolerance in Alvinellid Species 204 7.9 Heavy Metals and Petroleum Hydrocarbons 208 7.10 Sensory Adaptations 209 7.10.1 Novel Photoreceptors in Vent Shrimp 210 7.10.2 Chemoreception 214 References 216 8. Trophic Ecology 227 8.1 The Food Web 227 8.1.1 The Rose Garden Food Web 228 8.2 Biological Sleuthing: Biomarker Assays 231 8.2.1 Stable Isotope Techniques 231 Notation 231 Stable Isotope Evidence for the Role of Free-Living Microorganisms in Vent Food Webs 233 8.2.2 Fatty Acids, Sterols, and Carotenoids 236 Fatty-Acid Nomenclature 236 Fatty-Acid Biomarkers 237 Comparison of Lipid Characteristics of Tubeworms (Riftia pachyptila), Mussels (Bathymodiolus thermophilus), and Amphipods (Halice hesmonectes) on the East Pacific Rise 237 "Essential" Fatty Acids 240 Lipid-Condition Indices 240 Sterols 240 Carotenoids 241 8.3 Integrated Approaches to Trophic Ecology 241 8.3.1 Trophic Ecology of Vent Mussels, Bathymodiolus thermophilus 242 8.3.2 Trophic Ecology of Vent Shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, and an Anecdote about Who Eats Them 244 8.4 Export of Chemosynthetic Production from Vents 246 References 253 9. Reproductive Ecology 259 9.1 Gametogenesis 259 9.1.1 Evidence for Synchronous Gametogenesis 260 Environmental Cues 261 Recruited Synchrony 264 9.1.2 Evidence for Asynchronous Gametogenesis 264 Release of Gametes and Larvae 264 Riftia pachyptila 265 Bythograea sp. 266 Calyptogena soyae 266 9.2 Larval Development 267 9.2.1 Vestimentifera 268 9.2.2 Bathymodiolid Mussels 269 9.2.3 Bythograeid Crabs 271 9.2.4 Alvinocarid. Shrimp 271 9.3 Larval Dispersal and Retention 273 9.3.1 Alvinellid Dispersal Model 273 9.3.2 Plume Dispersal 276 9.3.3 Megaplume Dispersal 277 9.3.4 Mesoscale Flows 277 9.3.5 Dispersal by Non-Larval Stages 278 9.4 Settlement Cues 279 9.5 Recruitment 279 Appendix 281 References 285 10. Community Dynamics 290 10. 1 The Early Work 290 10.2 Dynamic Succession at Northeast Pacific Vents 293 10.2.1 High-Resolution Time-Series Studies on the Juan de Fuca Ridge 298 10.3 Community Dynamics on the Mid-Adantic Ridge 299 10.4 Eruptions 301 10.4.1 The 9'N Event 301 10.4.2 The CoAxial Event 303 10.4.3 Sweepstakes versus Predictable Sequences 308 References 309 11. Evolution and Biogeography 313 11.1 Origins of Vent Fauna 313 11.1.1 Immigrants from the Surrounding Deep Sea 313 11.1.2 Immigrants with Close Shallow-Water Relatives 314 11.1.3 Vent Taxa Shared with Other Chemosynthetic Ecosystems 314 Taxonomic Position and Origin of the Vestimentifera 316 11.1.4 Vent Taxa Shared with Both Other Chemosynthetic Ecosystems and Nonchemosynthetic Habitats 319 11.1.5 Specialized Taxa Found Only at Hydrothermal Vents 320 11.1.6 The "Ancient" Taxa 320 Ancient Barnacles 320 Ancient Mollusks 322 11.1.7 The Newman and McLean Hypothesis of Relict Vent Faunas 323 Hickman's Counternypothesis 323 11.2 Fossil Vent Communities 324 11.3 Vent Ecosystems as Refuges from Major Planetary Extinction Events 325 11.4 Species Diversity 325 11.5 Taxonomic Cautionary Tales 328 11.5.1 Cryptic Species 328 11.5.2 Phenotypic Plasticity 329 11.5.3 Ontogenetic Stages 329 11.6 Biogeography 330 11.6.1 Pacific Biogeographic Patterns 330 Missing Mussels (Bathymodiolus thermophilus) 331 Centers of Diversity along Linear Arrays of Habitat 332 North America as a Biogeographical Barrier 332 Mariana Hydrothermal-Vent Fauna 333 11.6.2 Paleotectonic Controls on the Atlantic Vent Fauna 335 11.6.3 Similarities among Global Vent Biogeographic Provinces 337 11.6.4 Biogeography of Fast- versus Slow-Spreading Centers 340 11.6.5 Physical Oceanography and Bathymetry 342 The Romanche Fracture Zone 342 11.6.6 Shallow-Water Vents 343 11.7 Gene Flow and Genetic Diversity 343 References 347 12. Cognate Communities 355 12.1 Atlantic Sites 360 12.1.1 Rofida Escaipment (Gulf of Mexico) 360 12.1.2 Louisiana Slope Hydrocarbon and Brine Seeps (Gulf of Mexico) 363 12.1.3 The Laurentian Fan 367 12.1.4 Barbados Subduction Zone 369 12.1.5 North Sea Pockmarks 372 12.1.6 Skagerrak Methane Seep 374 12.1.7 The Francois Vielieux 374 12.1.8 Coral Reefs 375 12.2 Pacific Sites 375 12.2.1 Cascadia Subduction Zone 375 12.2.2 Western Pacific Subduction Zones 376 Kaiko Project 376 Sagami Bay 379 12.2.3 Peruvian Subduction Zone 379 12.2.4 Monterey Canyon 381 12.2.5 Northern California Methane Hydrate Field 383 12.2.6 Guaymas Basin Transform Margin Seeps 383 12.2.7 Shallow-Water Hydrocarbon Seeps384 12.2.8 British Columbia Fjords 384 12.2.9 Aleutian Subduction Zone 384 12.3 Whale Skeletons 385 12.4 Fossil Seeps 389 References 39 13. Hydrothermal Systems and the Origin of Life 397 13.1 Earth's Early Environment 397 13.2 Evolution of Hydrothermal Systems 398 13.3 Heterotrophic versus Chemosynthetic Hypotheses for the Origin of Life 399 13.4 Evidence for Thermophilic, Autotrophic Ancestors 402 13.4.1 Wdchterhiiuser's Outline for the Origin and Evolution of Life 404 13.4.2 Synthesis of Organic Compounds in Hydrothermal Systems 406 13.5 Extraterrestrial Hydrothermal Systems and the Search for Life in Outer Space 407 References 409 INDEX 413

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Book SynopsisInvestigates adaptive diversification using the mathematical framework of adaptive dynamics. Showing that frequency-dependent interactions are an important driver of biological diversity, this book provides a comprehensive theoretical treatment of adaptive diversification.Trade Review"[T]his is a timely, useful study that should inspire and equip young theoreticians to indentify and explore the important unanswered questions in adaptive diversification."--Graeme Ruxton, Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsAcknowledgments xi Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Evolutionary Branching in a Classical Model for Sympatric Speciation 9 Chapter 3. Adaptive Diversification Due to Resource Competition in Asexual Models 38 3.1 Adaptive dynamics with symmetric competition kernels 50 3.2 Adaptive dynamics with asymmetric competition kernels 64 Chapter 4. Adaptive Diversification Due to Resource Competition in Sexual Models 74 4.1 Evolutionary branching in sexual populations when assortative mating is based on the ecological trait (one-allele models) 82 4.2 Evolution of assortative mating 90 4.3 Evolutionary branching in sexual populations when assortative mating is not based on the ecological trait (two-allele models) 100 4.4 A footnote on adaptive speciation due to sexual selection 110 Chapter 5. Adaptive Diversification Due to Predator-Prey Interactions 113 5.1 Adaptive diversification in classical predator-prey models 114 5.2 An example of evolutionary branching in host-pathogen models 132 Chapter 6. Adaptive Diversification Due to Cooperative Interactions 139 6.1 Diversification in models for intraspecific cooperation 139 6.2 Diversification in coevolutionary models of cooperation 148 Chapter 7. More Examples: Adaptive Diversification in Dispersal Rates, the Evolution of Anisogamy, and the Evolution of Trophic Preference 163 7.1 Diversification in dispersal rates 163 7.2 Diversification in gamete size: evolution of anisogamy 180 7.3 Diversification in trophic preference: evolution of complexity in ecosystems 189 Chapter 8. Cultural Evolution: Adaptive Diversification in Language and Religion 195 8.1 Diversification of languages 197 8.2 Diversification of religions 200 Chapter 9. Adaptive Diversification and Speciation as Pattern Formation in Partial Differential Equation Models 217 9.1 Partial differential equation models for adaptive diversification due to resource competition 218 9.2 Partial differential equation models for predator-prey interactions 236 9.3 Partial differential equation models for adaptive diversification in spatially structured populations 242 9.4 A general theory of diversification in partial differential equation models 258 Chapter 10. Experimental Evolution of Adaptive Diversification in Microbes 262 Appendix: Basic Concepts in Adaptive Dynamics 279 Bibliography 306 Index 323

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Book SynopsisA guide to the connections between animal social behavior and steroid and peptide hormones. It emphasizes concepts and principles, hypothesis testing, and critical thinking. It also features studies of a variety of wild and domestic vertebrates along with some of the important invertebrate discoveries.Trade Review"Elizabeth Adkins-Regan takes the reader sledding from brain behavior and from hormones to gene expression, up and down through levels of analysis that often change within a single sentence."--Ellen D. Ketterson, Science "Hormones and Animal Social Behavior masterfully achieves Adkins-Regan's goal of integrating behavioral endocrinology with ecological and evolutionary studies... I predict that this outstanding book will soon become a classic in behavioral biology."--Randy J. Nelson, BioScience "Adkins-Regan's book is a timely and very welcome contribution that will be hoped to set the standards for the study of the neuroendocrinological basis of behavior in the wild."--Aldo Poiani, Austral EcologyTable of ContentsList of Illustrations and Tables ix Preface xiii Chapter 1: Hormonal Mechanisms 1 Why Does Social Behavior Need Hormonal Regulation? 3 Steroids 4 Steroid Synthesis and Metabolism 7 Steroid Measurement and Dynamics 9 Neuropeptides and Prolactin 11 Where and How Do Steroids Act to Alter Behavior? 13 Steroid Manipulation 18 Mechanisms of Peptide Action 19 Multiple Messengers,Multiple Behaviors 20 Hormones,Plasticity,and Development 21 How the Necessary Control of Steroids by the Environment Is Achieved: The HPG and HPA Axes 23 Diversity in Mechanisms 29 How "Costly" Are These Hormonal Mechanisms? 30 Chapter 2: Mating, Fighting, Parenting, and Signaling 34 Courtship and Mating 34 Individual and Species Variation in Hormone Dependence of Mating Behavior 42 Female Mating Behavior and Sex Differences in Hormone Dependence 44 Aggressive Behavior 49 Parental Behavior 52 How Hormones Alter Behavior: Circuits, Networks, and Processes 58 Daily and Seasonal Rhythms of Social Behavior 65 Hormones and Signaling 71 Hormonal Responses to Signals and Cues 82 Chapter 3: Social Relationships and Social Organization 92 Sociality 93 Dominance 94 Territoriality 98 Mating Systems 102 Mate Choice 108 Pairbonding 112 Parent -Offspring and Sibling Relationships 117 Cooperative Breeding and Alloparenting 122 Conclusions 130 Chapter 4: Development of Sexes and Types 131 Sex Determination and Morphological Sexual Differentiation 131 Sex Differences in Behavior and Brains 135 Sex Differences Due to Activational Hormone Effects 138 The Organization of Behavioral Sex Differences in Mammals 139 The Direct Genetic Differentiation Hypothesis 146 The Development of Sex Differences in Birds: Progress and Puzzles 148 Sexual Differentiation of Behavior in Other Vertebrates 155 Do Invertebrates Have Hormonally Organized Sex Differences in Behavior? 158 Sex-Changing Fish 160 Within-Sex Types (Within-Sex Dimorphism) 165 Comparative Overview 172 Chapter 5: Evolutionary Change and Species Differences 179 Heritable Phenotypic Variation: Individual Differences and Their Basis 179 Reproductive Success and Differential Fitness 187 Responses to Selection 193 Correlated Traits, Hormones,Costs, and Evolutionary Change 200 Hormones,Sexes,and Sexual Selection 202 Putting Hormonal Mechanisms in the Foreground 205 Genetic Architecture and Hormonally Based Sexual Dimorphism 213 The Perspective from Evolutionary Developmental Biology 214 Species Comparisons in Hormones and Behavior 218 Conclusions 222 Chapter 6: Life Stages and Life Histories 224 Life Histories,Fitness,and Hormones 224 Life Stages Prior to Reproductive Maturity 226 Onset of Reproductive Maturity: Puberty 233 Aging and Senescence 239 Hormones,Social Behavior, and Life History Trade-Offs 247 Conclusions 255 Chapter 7: Phylogeny:Conservation and Innovation 256 Oxytocin Family Peptides and Their Receptors 256 GnRH and Its Receptors 260 Steroid Receptors 263 Steroids and Steroidogenic Enzymes 266 Behavioral Phylogeny, Brains, and the Conservation Paradox 269 Steroid-Modulated Vocalization 272 Mating Behavior 276 Parental Behavior 277 Sex Determination and Sexual Differentiation 279 Conclusions 283 Afterword 285 References 287 Index 365

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Book SynopsisUsing numerous biological examples to lay the groundwork for a unifying theory applicable to predator-prey, parasitoid-host, and other consumer-resource interactions, this book focuses on how the properties of real organisms affect population dynamics. It synthesizes and extends the authors' own models involving insect parasitoids and their hosts.Trade Review"The authors ... have succeeded in presenting some complex mathematics within a matrix of verbal clarity, which is rare among such books."--Bulletin of the British Ecological Society "Consumer Resource Dynamics needs to be on any ecological theorist's bookshelf... A careful, detailed analysis, and a well-written book."--Patrick Foley, EcologyTable of ContentsPreface xi 1. Introduction 1 Why Consumer-Resource Interactions? 1 On Theory and Models 2 Themes 4 2. Population Dynamics: Observations and Basic Concepts 6 Types of Population Dynamics: Phenomena to Be Explained 6 Some Essential Concepts 15 Appendix 26 3. Simple Models in Continuous Time 30 The Lotka-Volterra Model 31 Local Stability Analysis 36 Effects of Stabilizing and Destabilizing Processes: A Survey 42 Combining Stabilizing and Destabilizing Processes: From Neutral Stability to Limit Cycles 53 Simple Models of Stage and Spatial Structure: The Creation of Indirect Density Dependence 60 Basic and Potential General Properties of Predator-Prey Systems 69 Appendix 72 4. Simple Models in Discrete Time 83 Single-Species Models in Discrete Time 84 Discrete-Generation Parasitoid-Host Models 93 Hybrid Discrete-Time/Continuous-Time Models 106 Appendix 111 5. An Introduction to Models with Stage Structure 119 Preamble: Single-Species Populations with Stage Structure 121 The Basic Stage-Structured Host-Parasitoid Model 134 Ecological Processes Inducing Instability 147 Ecological Processes Inducing Stability 149 Single-Generation Cycles in Parasitoid-Host Models 160 Appendix 170 6. Dynamical Effects of Parasitoid Lifestyles 179 Parasitoid Lifestyles 180 Four Mechanisms Inducing Greater Gain from Older Hosts 186 A Unifying Framework and Extensions 199 A More General Model: The Generic Gain Model 205 The Nature and Origins of Delayed-Feedback Cycles and Single-Generation Cycles: Insights from a Simplified Model 207 Concluding Remarks 216 7. State-Dependent Decisions 219 Effects of Egg Load on Parasitoid Decisions 220 Effects of Limits to Egg Production 236 A General Dynamical Theory of Parasitoid Behavior 242 8. Competition between Consumer Species 245 Lotka-Volterra Competition Model: Competition for an Implicit Resource 247 Exploitative Competition for an Explicit Resource 255 Competition in Discrete Time 274 Effects of Age Structure on Competition 281 Non-Equilibrial Mechanisms of Coexistence 301 Effects of Spatial Structure on Competition 310 Concluding Remarks 317 9. Implications for Biological Control 318 A Comparative Approach to Evaluating Natural Enemies 321 Spatial Processes and Control 336 Need for Experimental Tests 340 10. Dynamical Effects of Spatial Processes 341 Spatial Processes among Subpopulations 341 Spatial Processes within Populations: Aggregated Attacks and Other Sources of Variation in Risk among Individuals 366 Connection between Processes within Populations and among Subpopulations 392 11. Synthesis and Integration across Systems 394 Shared Theory for Different Kinds of Consumer-Resource Interactions 394 Connection between Consumer-Resource Dynamics and Single-Species Dynamics in Theory and Nature 399 Cycles in Real Systems: Single-Species Models for Many-Species Systems 410 General Conclusions/Considerations 414 12. Concluding Remarks 416 Literature Cited 425 Index 451

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Book SynopsisGiven the reality of limited money for conservation efforts, there is a compelling need for scientists to help conservation practitioners set priorities and identify species most in need of urgent attention. This book provides the scientific approaches and analyses available for asking what we can expect from losing (or gaining) species.Trade Review"I recommend this book both as practical advice for conservation practitioners, and as a summary of recent theory and experiments for any ecologist interested in the interface between species and their communities and ecosystems."--Gareth J. Russell, EcologyTable of ContentsContributors ix Preface xiii Foreword xv Part I: USING EXPERIMENTAL REMOVALS OF SPECIES TO REVEAL THE CONSEQUENCES OF BIODIVERSITY DEPLETION P. Kareiva and S. A. Levin 1 1. Native Thistles: Expendable or Integral to Ecosystem Resistance to Invasion? S. M. Louda and T. A. Rand 5 2. The Overriding Importance of Environmental Context in Determining the Outcome of Species-Deletion Experiments B. A. Menge 16 3. Species Importance and Context: Spatial and Temporal Variation in Species Interactions C.D.G. Harley 44 4. Effects of Removing a Vertebrate versus an Invertebrate Predator on a Food Web, and What Is Their Relative Importance? T. W. Schoener and D. A. Spiller 69 5. Understanding the Effects of Reduced Biodiversity: A Comparison of Two Approaches J. T. Wootton and A. L. Downing 85 Part II: THE ANTHROPOGENIC PERSPECTIVE P. Kareiva and S. A. Levin 105 6. Models of Ecosystem Reliability and Their Implications for the Question of Expendability S. Naeem 109 7. Predicting the Effects of Species Loss on Community Stability D. Doak and M. Marvier 140 8. One Fish, Two Fish, Old Fish, New Fish: Which Invasions Matter? J. L. Ruesink 161 9. Ecological Gambling: Expendable Extinctions Versus Acceptable Invasions M. J. Wonham 179 10. Rarity and Functional Importance in a Phytoplankton Community D. E. Schindler, G. C. Chang, S. Lubetkin, S.E.B. Abella, and W. T. Edmondson 206 11. Community and Ecosystem Impacts of Single-Species Extinctions D. Simberloff 221 Part III: LINKAGES AND EXTERNALITIES P. Kareiva and S. A. Levin 235 12. Social Conflict, Biological Ignorance, and Trying to Agree Which Species Are Expendable E. G. Leigh Jr. 239 13. Which Mutualists Are Most Essential? Buffering of Plant Reproduction against the Extinction of Pollinators W. F. Morris 260 14. The Expendability of Species: A Test Case Based on the Caterpillars on Goldenrods R. B. Root 281 15. An Evolutionary Perspective on the Importance of Species: Why Ecologists Care about Evolution S. R. Palumbi 292 16. Recovering Species of Conservation Concern-Are Populations Expendable? M. Ruckelshaus, P. McElhany, and M. J. Ford 305 17. Virus Specificity in Disease Systems: Are Species Redundant? A. G. Power and A. S. Flecker 330 Conclusion P. Kareiva and S. A. Levin 347 References 353 Index 415

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Book SynopsisIn 1951, the geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza was teaching in Parma when a student told him about rich church records of demography and marriages between relatives. After convincing the Church to open its records, Cavalli-Sforza, Moroni, and Gianna Zei embarked on a landmark study. This book assembles and analyzes the team's research.Trade Review"[An] extraordinary book, packed with detailed information... A careful reading of this remarkable book will yield much more information."--Walter Bodmer, NatureTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix 1. History of This Investigation and Structure of This Book 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 History of This Research 4 1.3 Consanguinity 9 1.4 Inbreeding Measurement 11 1.5 Inbreeding Effects 13 1.6 Random Genetic Drift 18 1.7 Research on Drift in the Parma Valley 20 1.8 Genetic Uses of Surnames 21 1.9 A Summary of Published Studies on Consanguinity and Inbreeding, with Special Reference to Italy 24 1.10 Structure of This Book 26 2. Customs and Legislation Affecting Consanguineous Marriages, with Special Attention to the Catholic Church 29 2.1 Early and Medieval Christian Tradition 29 2.2 Traditional Methods of Consanguinity Evaluation: The Roman and the German Methods 34 2.3 Justifications of the Dispensation Request 35 3. Demographic Factors Affecting the Frequencies of Consanguineous Marriage-A Study in Northern Emilia 39 3.1 Nature and Interest of the Problem 39 3.2 Relations to Population Structure 40 3.3 Number of Sibs, Distribution of Family Sizes, and Observed Abundance of Relatives 43 3.4 Consanguinity Degrees and Observed Numbers of Consanguinity Dispensations in Northern Emilia 47 3.5 Pedigree Types, Pedigree Codes, and Proofs of the Influence of Age at Marriage and of the Sex of Intermediate Ancestors 52 4. Probability of Consanguineous Marriages 69 4.1 Theory of Age Effects on the Frequency of Consanguineous Marriages 69 4.2 Migration as a Factor Affecting the Frequency of Consanguineous Marriages 76 4.3 The Role of Women in Maintaining Family Ties among Relatives 78 4.4 Observed and Expected Frequencies of Major Consanguinity Degrees 83 5. Consanguinity, Inbreeding, and Observed Genetic Drift in the Parma Valley 90 5.1 The Parma Valley and the Origin of This Investigation 90 5.2 Geography of the Parma Valley 91 5.3 Consanguinity and Inbreeding in the Parma Valley 95 5.4 Blood Groups and Genetic Drift 101 5.5 Surnames and Genetic Drift 115 5.6 Correlations of Inbreeding and Drift 118 6. A Computer Simulation of the Upper Parma Valley Population 122 6.1 The Need for a Population Simulation 122 6.2 Structure of the Simulation 123 6.3 The Migration Matrix 129 6.4 Is Drift the Only Cause of Genetic Variation in the Parma Valley? 134 6.5 Expected and Observed Consanguinity 142 7. Islands 149 7.1 Italian Islands 149 7.2 Sardinia 149 7.3 Sicily 175 7.4 Aeolian Islands 183 8. Effects of Inbreeding on Normal and Pathological Phenotypes 192 8.1 Introduction 192 8.2 Normal Quantitative Phenotypes: Stature and Chest Girth 193 8.3 Mortality, Fertility, and Sterility 196 8.4 Incidence of Disease Groups from Surveys of Hospital Populations 199 8.5 Study of Specific Recessive Diseases 204 9. Consanguineous Marriages in Italy: Data from the Vatican Archives 211 9.1 Introduction 211 9.2 Variations of Consanguinity over Time 212 9.3 Geographical Variations: Provinces and Regions 214 9.4 Space-Time Analysis: Four Models of Declining Consanguinity in Italian Regions 215 9.5 Factors Responsible for Space and Time Differences in Consanguinity: Choice of Variables and Their Meaning 222 9.6 Demographic Variables: Birthrate, Death Rate, and Demographic Transition 223 9.7 Effect on Consanguinity of Environmental Variables of Socioeconomic and Ecological Meaning 229 9.8 An Attempt at a General Synthesis 237 10. Geography of Demes in Italy 242 10.1 Population Sampling 242 10.2 Random Mating, Mendelian Populations, and Demes 246 10.3 Comparing Genetic and Demographic Approaches to the Study of Demes 252 10.4 Are comuni (Communes) Demes? 260 10.5 The Negative Correlation Between N and m 263 10.6 Using Surnames for Evaluating Drift 267 10.7 A Drift Map of Italy by Communes 274 10.8 Statistical Observations on the Italian Drift Map 280 11. Conclusions 284 11.1 Human Consanguinity 284 11.2 Inbreeding 291 11.3 Genetic Drift 293 11.4 Demes, Isolates, and Migration 298 Bibliography 303 Index 313

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"A compelling and important book about how evolution matters to humans today."--Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society, and EnvironmentTable of ContentsPreface vii Contributors ix Chapter 1 How Evolution Shapes Our Lives 1 Richard E. Lenski PART I BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS Chapter 2 What Is Evolution? 15 Jonathan B. Losos Chapter 3 Human Evolution 31 John Hawks Chapter 4 Human Cooperation and Conflict 46 Joan E. Strassmann and David C. Queller Chapter 5 Human Behavioral Ecology 61 Virpi Lummaa Chapter 6 Evolutionary Psychology 77 Robert C. Richardson PART II EVOLUTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE Chapter 7 Evolutionary Medicine 93 Paul E. Turner Chapter 8 Aging and Menopause 114 Jacob A. Moorad and Daniel E. L. Promislow Chapter 9 Evolution of Parasite Virulence 134 Dieter Ebert Chapter 10 Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance 147 Dan I. Andersson Chapter 11 Evolution and Microbial Forensics 163 Paul Keim and Talima Pearson PART III RESHAPING OUR WORLD Chapter 12 Domestication and the Evolution of Agriculture 179 Amy Cavanaugh and Cameron R. Currie Chapter 13 Directed Evolution 191 Erik M. Quandt and Andrew D. Ellington Chapter 14 Evolution and Computing 206 Robert T. Pennock Chapter 15 Evolution and Conservation 220 H. Bradley Shaffer Chapter 16 Adaptation to a Changing World: Evolutionary Resilience and Climate Change 238 Martha M. Munoz and Craig Moritz PART I V EVOLUTION IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE Chapter 17 Evolution and Religion: Conflict and Dialogue 255 Francisco J. Ayala Chapter 18 Creationism and Intelligent Design 284 Eugenie C. Scott Chapter 19 Evolution and the Media 300 Carl Zimmer PART V NATURE AND NURTURE Chapter 20 Linguistics and the Evolution of Human Language 313 Mark Pagel Chapter 21 Cultural Evolution 331 Elizabeth Hannon and Tim Lewens Chapter 22 Evolution and Notions of Human Race 346 Alan R. Templeton Chapter 23 The Future of Human Evolution 362 Alan R. Templeton Index 381

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Book SynopsisWhile most introductions to statistical mechanics are either too mathematical or too physical, Colin Thompson''s book combines mathematical rigor with familiar physical materials. Following introductory chapters on kinetic theory, thermodynamics, the Gibbs ensembles, and the thermodynamic limit, later chapters discuss the classical theories of phase transitions, the Ising model, algebraic methods and combinatorial methods for solving the two-dimensional model in zero field, and some applications of the Ising model to biology.Originally published in 1979.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarlTable of Contents*Frontmatter, pg. i*Preface, pg. v*Contents, pg. vii*Note to the Reader, pg. x*1. Kinetic Theory, pg. 1*2. Thermodynamics, pg. 32*3. The Gibbs Ensembles and the Thermodynamic Limit, pg. 54*4. Phase Transitions and Critical Points, pg. 78*5. The Ising Model: Algebraic Approach, pg. 116*6. The Ising Model: Combinatorial Approach, pg. 145*7. Some Applications of the Ising Model to Biology, pg. 177*Appendixes, pg. 209*Bibliography, pg. 263*Index, pg. 275

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Book SynopsisPresents the ideas of seventeen international specialists, providing the reader not only with an overview, but also with discussions of the salient questions pertaining to the field and prescriptions for avenues of research. This book is divided into three main sections: population dynamics, population diversity, and population applications.Trade Review"An excellent edited volume that provides a useful synthesis of knowledge in the field and clear guidance for future research goals. The book is not an exhaustive review of the field, but it is more readable because it is focused on a limited number of specific problems... [It] is concise and coherent enough so that readers will want to read the entire volume."--Timothy P. Craig, Ecology "A useful and interesting book."--Donald H. Feener, Jr.,The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPreface xi List of Contributors xiii One: Introduction by Michael E. Hochberg and Anthony R. Ives 3 PART ONE: POPULATION DYNAMICS 15 Two: Host Location and Selection in the Field by Jgr6me Casas 17 Three: Effects of Parasitoid Clutch Size on Host-Parasitoid Population Dynamic by George E. Heimpel 27 Four: Host-Parasitoid Models: The Story of a Successful Failure by Carlos Bernstein 41 Five: A Field Guide to Studying Spatial Pattern Formation in Host-Parasitoid Systems by Susan Harrison 58 Parasitoid Spread: Lessons for and from Invasion Biology by Alan Hastings 70 Seven: Landscape Ecology of Parasitism by Jens Roland 83 PART TWO: POPULATION DIVERSITY 101 Eight: The Evolution of Parasitoid Egg Load by Minus van Baalen 103 Nine: Host Resistance, Parasitoid Virulence, and Population Dynamics by H. C. J. Godfray 121 Ten: Developmental Traits and Life-History Evolution in Parasitoids by Michael R. Strand 139 Eleven: Host Specificity and Trophic Relationships of Hyperparasitoids by Jacques Brodeur 163 Twelve: Comparing Parasitoid-Dominated Food Webs with Other Food Webs: Problems and Future Promises by Marcel Holyoak 184 Thirteen: Species Coexistence in Parasitoid Communities: Does Competition Matter? by Bradford A. Hawkins 198 PART THREE: POPULATION APPLICATIONS 215 Fourteen: Biological Control: The Need for Realistic Models and Experimental Approaches to Parasitoid Introductions by Nick Mills 217 Fifteen: Parasitoid Populations in the Agricultural Landscape by Teja Tscharntke 235 Sixteen: Threats, Flies, and Protocol Gaps: Can Evolutionary Ecology Save Biological Control? by Bernard D. Roitberg 254 Seventeen: "What, Conserve Parasitoids?" by Michael E. Hochberg 266 Eighteen: Conclusions: Debating Parasitoid Population Biology over the Next Twenty Years by Anthony R. Ives and Michael E. Hochberg 278 References 305 Index 359

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Book SynopsisTheodor, University of Calgary; Mark D. Uhen, Cranbrook Institute of Science; Inessa Vislobokova, Russian Academy of SciencesTrade ReviewScientifically detailed and professionally produced... Highly recommended. Choice 2008 A solid and valuable resource. -- Maureen A. O'Leary Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2008 Without a doubt, for anyone working on artiodactyls this is an essential reference. This is the most up to date collection of work on fossil artiodactyls, including those outside North America, published in decades. -- B.L. Beatty PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 2009Table of ContentsAcknoledgmentsList of Contributors1. Introduction2. Molecular Phylogeny of Terrestrial Artiodactyls: Conflicts and Resolution3. Phylogenetic Relationships of Cetacceans to Terrestrial Artiodactyls4. The Earliest Artiodactyls: Diacodexeidae, Dichobunidae, Homacodontidae, Leptochoeridae, and Raoellidae5. Endemic European Paleogene Artiodactyls: Cebochoeridae, Choeropotamidae, Mixtotheriidae, Cainotheriidae, Anoplptheriidae, Xiphontidae, and Amphimerycidae6. Family Helohyidae7. Family Anthracotheriidae8. Family Hippopotamidae9. Family Entelodontidae10. Superfamily Suoidae11. Family Agriochoeridae12. Family Agriochoeridae12. Family Merycoidodontidae13. Family Protoceratidae14. Family Camelidae15. Basal Ruminants16. Family Tragulidae17. Family Moschidae18. Family Antilocapridae19. Family Paleopmerycidae20. Family Cervidae21. Family Giraffidae22. Family Bovidae23. Artiodactyl Paleoecology and Evolutionary Trends24. SummaryReferences Index

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Book SynopsisBlackwell s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Small Animal Endocrinology and Reproduction is a highly practical, clinically oriented guide to endocrine and reproductive disorders in small animals, ideally formatted for fast access in the veterinary practice.Trade Review"The authors have skillfully achieved their goal of producing a quick reference that is intermediate in level of detail between Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline and in-depth endocrinology/theriogenology books, expanding on important points without losing the brevity and accessibility of information that makes this book very useful for the busy practitioner. The treatment of small animal reproductive medicine is particularly valuable." (Doody Enterprises July 2017)Table of ContentsContributor List ix Foreword xi Preface xiii About the Companion Website xv chapter 1 Anthelmentics in Pregnant and Breeding Dogs 1 chapter 2 Antimicrobial Stewardship in Small Animal Reproduction 11 chapter 3 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome 17 chapter 4 Breeding Management of the Bitch and Ovulation Timing for Optimal Reproductive Efficiency 23 chapter 5 Breeding Management of the Queen: Pre-Breeding Examination and Breeding Husbandry 33 chapter 6 Carcinoid and Carcinoid Syndrome 41 chapter 7 Cesarean Section, Elective and Emergency 45 chapter 8 Pyometra, Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (Hydrometra, Mucometra, Hematometra) 53 chapter 9 Cryptorchidism 63 chapter 10 Diabetes Insipidus 73 chapter 11 Canine Diabetes Mellitus 79 chapter 12 Feline Diabetes Mellitus 89 chapter 13 Diabetes Mellitus with Ketoacidosis 99 chapter 14 Disorders of Sexual Differentiation (DSD) 109 chapter 15 Dystocia 117 chapter 16 Eclampsia 127 chapter 17 Episioplasty/Vulvoplasty in the Bitch and Queen 131 chapter 18 Estrous Cycle Abnormalities (Prolonged Proestrus/Estrus, Prolonged Anestrus, Short Interestrous Interval) 139 chapter 19 Genetic Disease Counseling in the Pre-Breeding Examination 147 chapter 20 Glucagonoma 153 chapter 21 Canine Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s syndrome) 159 chapter 22 Feline Hyperadrenocorticism 179 chapter 23 Hyperglycemia 185 chapter 24 Hyperkalemia 191 chapter 25 Hyperlipidemia 197 chapter 26 Hypernatremia 205 chapter 27 Diabetes Mellitus with Hyperosmolar Coma 211 chapter 28 Hyperparathyroidism 219 chapter 29 Hyperphosphatemia 225 chapter 30 Hypersomatotropism and Acromegaly in the Dog 231 chapter 31 Hypersomatotropism and Acromegaly in the Cat 235 chapter 32 Hyperthyroidism 245 chapter 33 Canine Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s Disease) 263 chapter 34 Feline Hypoadrenocorticism 273 chapter 35 Hypoglycemia 277 chapter 36 Hypokalemia 281 chapter 37 Hyponatremia 289 chapter 38 Hypoparathyroidism 295 chapter 39 Hypophosphatemia 303 chapter 40 Canine Hypothyroidism 309 chapter 41 Insulinoma 317 chapter 42 Mammary Gland Disorders: Agalactia, Galactostasis, and Mastitis 325 chapter 43 Feline Mammary Hyperplasia 337 chapter 44 Medical Manipulation of the Estrous Cycle 345 chapter 45 Medical Abortion, Canine and Feline 357 chapter 46 Neonatal Resuscitation and Early Neonatal Care 377 chapter 47 Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation in the Bitch and Queen 389 chapter 48 Ovarian Remnant Syndrome/Hyperestrogenism 395 chapter 49 Pheochromocytoma 409 chapter 50 Post-Partum Metritis/Subinvolution of Placental Sites (SIPS) 417 chapter 51 Pregnancy Diabetes 423 chapter 52 Pregnancy Edema in the Bitch 427 chapter 53 Pregnancy Ketosis 433 chapter 54 Infectious Causes of Pregnancy Loss, Canine: Toxoplasmosis/Neosporosis, Cryptosporidium, Herpes Virus, Brucellosis, Minute Virus 437 chapter 55 Infectious Causes of Pregnancy Loss – Feline 459 chapter 56 Priapism and Paraphimosis 467 chapter 57 Primary Hyperaldosteronism in Cats 477 chapter 58 Canine Prostate Disease: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Cystic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Prostatitis 483 chapter 59 Reproductive Malignancies 491 chapter 60 Canine Semen Abnormalities – Orchitis/Epididymitis 509 chapter 61 Semen Peritonitis 513 chapter 62 Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion 517 chapter 63 Uterine Inerti 521 chapter 64 Evaluation of Ovulation with Ultrasound 529 chapter 65 Ultrasonographic Gestational Aging in the Bitch and Queen 537 chapter 66 Unusual Thyroid Disorders (Feline Hypothyroidism, Canine Hyperthyroidism) 543 chapter 67 Vulvovaginal Malformations 549 Index 559

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Book SynopsisAs its title suggests, this innovative book has been written for life scientists needing to analyse their data sets, and programmers, wanting a better understanding of the types of experimental images life scientists investigate on a regular basis. Each chapter presents one self-contained biomedical experiment to be analysed. Part I of the book presents its two basic ingredients: essential concepts of image analysis and Matlab. In Part II, algorithms and techniques are shown as series of recipes or solved examples that show how specific techniques are applied to a biomedical experiments like Western Blots, Histology, Scratch Wound Assays and Fluoresence. Each recipe begins with simple techniques that gradually advance in complexity. Part III presents some advanced techniques for the generation of publication quality figures. The book does not assume any computational or mathematical expertise. A practical, clearly-written introduction to biomedical image analysis that provides the tools for life scientists and engineers to use when solving problems in their own laboratories. Presents the basic concepts of MATLAB software and uses it throughout to show how it can execute flexible and powerful image analysis programs tailored to the specific needs of the problem. Within the context of four biomedical cases, it shows algorithms and techniques as series of recipes, or solved examples that show how a particular technique is applied in a specific experiment. Companion website containing example datasets, MATLAB files and figures from the book. Table of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgements ix About the Companion Website xi 1 The Basic Ingredients 1 1.1 The Matlab Environment 1 1.2 Introduction to Matlab 3 1.3 Operations with Matrices 7 1.4 Combining Matrices 10 1.5 Addressing a Matrix 13 1.6 Mathematical Functions and Graphical Display 17 1.7 Random Numbers 23 1.8 Statistics in Matlab 26 1.9 Displaying Two-Dimensional Matrices 29 1.10 Scripts Functions and Shortcuts 37 1.11 Using Help 43 2 Introduction to Images 45 2.1 An Image as a Matrix 45 2.2 Reading Images 46 2.3 Displaying Images 49 2.4 Colormap 54 2.5 Thresholding and Manipulating Values of Images 59 2.6 Converting Images into Doubles 68 2.7 Save Your Code and Data 69 3 Introduction to Colour 71 3.1 Mixing and Displaying Colours 71 4 Western Blots 79 4.1 Recipe 1: Many Ways to Display a Western Blot 80 4.2 Recipe 2: Investigating the Numbers That Make a Western Blot 93 4.3 Recipe 3: Image Histograms 97 4.4 Recipe 4: Transforming an Image of a Western Blot 104 4.5 Recipe 5: Quantification of the Data 111 4.6 Recipe 6: Investigating Position of Bands 121 5 Scratch Wound Assays 135 5.1 Analysis of Scratch Wound Assays 135 5.2 Recipe 1: Low Pass Filtering ScratchWound Assays in the Spatial Domain 139 5.3 Recipe 2: High Pass Filtering ScratchWound Assays in the Spatial Domain 143 5.4 Recipe 3: Combining Filters and Morphological Operations 154 5.5 Recipe 4: Sensitivy to Thresholds and Hysteresis Thresholding 161 5.6 Recipe 5: Morphological Operators 167 5.7 Recipe 6: Measuring Distances Between Cellular Boundaries 178 5.8 Recipe 7: Introduction to Fourier Analysis 187 5.9 Recipe 8: Filtering Scratch Wound Assays in the Fourier Domain 201 References 213 6 Bright Field Microscopy 215 6.1 Recipe 1: Changing the Brightness and Contrast of an Image 215 6.2 Recipe 2: Shading Correction: Estimation of Shading Component as a Plane 224 6.3 Recipe 3: Estimation of Shading Component with Filters Morphological Operators and Envelopes 235 6.4 Recipe 4: Mosaicking and Stitching 247 6.5 Recipe 5: Pixel Intensity and Histograms in Immunohistochemistry 261 6.6 Recipe 6: Hue-Saturation-Value 271 6.7 Recipe 7: Multidimensional Histograms 278 Reference 289 7 Fluorescence Microscopy 291 7.1 Recipe 1: Separating and Combining Colour Channels 294 7.2 Recipe 2: Investigating the Scaling of Values 298 7.3 Recipe 3: Automatic Threshold Selection 301 7.4 Recipe 4: Measuring Absolute and Relative Areas 304 7.5 Recipe 5: Counting Nuclei 305 7.6 Recipe 6: Quantification of Region Properties Beyond the Area 308 7.7 Recipe 7: Dividing an Image into Regions 310 7.8 Recipe 8: Batch Processing and Montages 316 7.9 Recipe 9: A Myriad of Measurements 327 References 341 8 Creating Publication-Quality Figures from Matlab 343 8.1 Recipe 1: Modifying the Characteristics of the Figures 344 8.2 Recipe 2: Numerous Plots in One Figure 352 8.3 Recipe 3: Three-Dimensional Ribbons with Different Annotations 362 8.4 Recipe 4: Three-Dimensional Graphics 378 8.5 Recipe 5: Projections 388 8.6 Recipe 6: Four-Dimensional Data Set Explored 391 Index 401

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Book SynopsisRecent years have seen an explosion in the volume and variety of data collected in scientific disciplines from astronomy to genetics and industrial settings ranging from Amazon to Uber. This graduate text equips readers in statistics, machine learning, and related fields to understand, apply, and adapt modern methods suited to large-scale data.Trade Review'Non-asymptotic, high-dimensional theory is critical for modern statistics and machine learning. This book is unique in providing a crystal clear, complete and unified treatment of the area. With topics ranging from concentration of measure to graphical models, the author weaves together probability theory and its applications to statistics. Ideal for graduate students and researchers. This will surely be the standard reference on the topic for many years.' Larry Wasserman, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania'Martin J. Wainwright brings his large box of analytical power tools to bear on the problems of the day - the analysis of models for wide data. A broad knowledge of this new area combines with his powerful analytical skills to deliver this impressive and intimidating work - bound to be an essential reference for all the brave souls that try their hand.' Trevor Hastie, Stanford University, California'This book provides an excellent treatment of perhaps the fastest growing area within high-dimensional theoretical statistics - non-asymptotic theory that seeks to provide probabilistic bounds on estimators as a function of sample size and dimension. It offers the most thorough, clear, and engaging coverage of this area to date, and is thus poised to become the definitive reference and textbook on this topic.' Genevera Allen, William Marsh Rice University, Texas'Statistical theory and practice have undergone a renaissance in the past two decades, with intensive study of high-dimensional data analysis. No researcher has deepened our understanding of high-dimensional statistics more than Martin Wainwright. This book brings the signature clarity and incisiveness of his published research into book form. It will be a fantastic resource for both beginning students and seasoned researchers, as the field continues to make exciting breakthroughs.' John Lafferty, Yale University, Connecticut'This is an outstanding book on high-dimensional statistics, written by a creative and celebrated researcher in the field. It gives comprehensive treatments on many important topics in statistical machine learning and, furthermore, is self-contained, from introductory materials to most updated results on various research frontiers. This book is a must-read for those who wish to learn and to develop modern statistical machine theory, methods and algorithms.' Jianqing Fan, Princeton University, New Jersey'This book provides an in-depth mathematical treatment and methodological intuition of high-dimensional statistics. The main technical tools from probability theory are carefully developed and the construction and analysis of statistical methods and algorithms for high-dimensional problems is presented in an outstandingly clear way. Martin J. Wainwright has written a truly exceptional, inspiring and beautiful masterpiece!' Peter Bühlmann, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich'This new book by Martin J. Wainwright covers modern topics in high-dimensional statistical inference, and focuses primarily on explicit non-asymptotic results related to sparsity and non-parametric estimation. This is a must-read for all graduate students in mathematical statistics and theoretical machine learning, both for the breadth of recent advances it covers and the depth of results which are presented. The exposition is outstandingly clear, starting from the first introductory chapters on the necessary probabilistic tools. Then, the book covers state-of-the-art advances in high-dimensional statistics, with always a clever choice of results which have the perfect mix of significance and mathematical depth.' Francis Bach, INRIA Paris'Wainwright's book on those parts of probability theory and mathematical statistics critical to understanding of the new phenomena encountered in high dimensions is marked by the clarity of its presentation and the depth to which it travels. In every chapter he starts with intuitive examples and simulations which are systematically developed either into powerful mathematical tools or complete answers to fundamental questions of inference. It is not easy, but elegant and rewarding whether read systematically or dipped into as a reference.' Peter Bickel, University of California, Berkeley'… this is a very valuable book, covering a variety of important topics, self-contained and nicely written.' Fabio Mainardi, MAA Reviews'This is an excellent book. It provides a lucid, accessible and in-depth treatment of nonasymptotic high-dimensional statistical theory, which is critical as the underpinning of modern statistics and machine learning. It succeeds brilliantly in providing a self-contained overview of high-dimensional statistics, suitable for use in formal courses or for self-study by graduate-level students or researchers. The treatment is outstandingly clear and engaging, and the production is first-rate. It will quickly become essential reading and the key reference text in the field.' G. Alastair Young, International Statistical Review'Martin Wainwright takes great care to polish every sentence of each part of the book. He introduces state-of-the-art theory in every chapter, as should probably be expected from an acknowledged specialist of the field. But it is certainly an enormous amount of work to organize all these results in a complete, coherent, rigorous yet easy-to-follow theory. I am simply amazed by the quality of the writing. The explanations on the motivations (Chapter 1) and on the core of the theory are extremely pedagogical. The proofs of the main results are rigorous and complete, but most of them are also built in a way that makes them seem easier to the reader than they actually are. This is the kind of magic only a few authors are capable of.' Pierre Alquier, MatSciNet'... provides a masterful exposition of various mathematical tools that are becoming increasingly common in the analysis of contemporary statistical problems. In addition to providing a rigorous and comprehensive overview of these tools, the author delves into the details of many illustrative examples to provide a convincing case for the general usefulness of the methods that are introduced.' Po-Ling Lo, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'An excellent statistical masterpiece is in the hands of the reader, which is a must read book for all graduate students in both mathematical statistics and mathematical machine learning.' Rózsa Horváth-Bokor, ZB Math ReviewsTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Basic tail and concentration bounds; 3. Concentration of measure; 4. Uniform laws of large numbers; 5. Metric entropy and its uses; 6. Random matrices and covariance estimation; 7. Sparse linear models in high dimensions; 8. Principal component analysis in high dimensions; 9. Decomposability and restricted strong convexity; 10. Matrix estimation with rank constraints; 11. Graphical models for high-dimensional data; 12. Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces; 13. Nonparametric least squares; 14. Localization and uniform laws; 15. Minimax lower bounds; References; Author index; Subject index.

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Book SynopsisComprehensive resource on probiotics as applied to ice cream and frozen desserts, covering fundamentals, development, technology, and quality control Probiotic Ice Cream is the first book to look at probiotics as applied to ice cream and frozen desserts, covering the whole product development process, from essential fundamentals to formulation and characterization of the final product. Written by a highly qualified specialist with significant research experience in this unique field, Probiotic Ice Cream includes information on: Science of probiotic ice cream, covering principles of probiotics and how to select appropriate probiotic strains for use in ice cream Physical protection of probiotics in ice cream conditions, as well as nutritional value of functional ice cream for humans Technology of probiotic ice cream, covering the definition, formulation, and characterization of prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic and postbiotic ice cre

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge biotechnological approaches for enhancing plant secondary metabolites to address abiotic stress, offering valuable insights into the future of utilizing plants for medicinal and industrial purposes. Various books on plant secondary metabolites are available, however, no book has an overview of the recent trends and future prospects of all the methods available to enhance the contents of the plant secondary metabolites. Plant Secondary Metabolites and Abiotic Stress aims to give an overview of all the available strategies to ameliorate abiotic stress in plants by modulating secondary metabolites using biotechnological approaches including plant tissue cultures, synthetic metabolic pathway engineering, targeted gene silencing, and editing using RNAi and CRISPR CAS9 technologies.

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Book SynopsisExplore and advance bioinformatics and systems biology tools for crop breeding programs in this practical resource for researchers Plant biology and crop breeding have produced an immense amount of data in recent years, from genomics to interactome and beyond. Bioinformatics tools, which aim at analyzing the vast quantities of data produced by biological research and processes, have developed at a rapid pace to meet the challenges of this vast data trove. The resulting field of bioinformatics and systems biology is producing increasingly rich and transformative research. Bioinformatics for Plant Research and Crop Breeding offers an overview of this field, its recent advances, and its wider applications. Drawing on a range of analytical and data-science tools, its foundation on an in-silico platform acquired multi-omics makes it indispensable for scientists and researchers alike. It promises to become ever more relevant as new techniques for generating and organiz

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Book SynopsisHarvest basic botany knowledge from this abundant book Botany For Dummies gives you a thorough overview of the fundamentals of botany, but in simple terms that anyone can understand. Great for supplementing your botany coursework or brushing up before an exam, this book covers plant evolution, the structure and function of plant cells, and plant identification. Plus, you''ll learn about how plants of different types are changing and adapting in response to changing climates. This new edition goes into more detail on funginot technically plants, but no one is holding that against them. Regardless of what brought you to the wonderful world of botany, this book will show you around. Get an easy-to-understand introduction to the key concepts in botany Read about recent discoveries and theories in the world of plant science Understand different families of plants and where they grow Improve your grade and pass your exam in your introdu

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Book SynopsisConsiders models that are described by systems of partial differential equations, focusing on modelling rather than on numerical methods and simulations. The models studied are concerned with population dynamics, cancer, risk of plaque growth associated with high cholesterol, and wound healing.Table of Contents Introductory biology Introduction to modeling Models of population dynamics Cancer and the immune system Parameters estimation Mathematical analysis inspired by cancer models Mathematical model of artherosclerosis: Risk of high cholesterol Mathematical analysis inspired by the atherosclerosis model Mathematical models of chronic wounds Mathematical analysis inspired by the chronic wound model Introduction to PDEs Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisDama gazelles, the largest of the gazelles, were once a common sight in Northern Africa, with a habitat ranging from the Atlantic Ocean east almost to the Nile River. Today, these animals are critically endangered as their populations have dropped precipitously due to the effects of expanding agrarian practices, overhunting, violent human conflict, and climate change on their native habitats.Though they are perilously close to extinction in the wild, Texas ranches maintain over a thousand dama gazelles—more than the number currently in zoos and in the wild combined. The habitat on some of these ranches resembles their natural range along the Sahara Desert of Northern Africa, making them suitable living spaces for damas.In The Dama Gazelles, Elizabeth Cary Mungall brings together experts from around the world and offers a comprehensive reference book on these animals, including information on natural history and taxonomy; physical and behavioral traits; dama gazelles held in zoos and collections, parks and preserves, and on Texas ranches; and efforts to reintroduce populations into the wild. There is also a rare, firsthand account from Frans M. van den Brink, an animal dealer from the Netherlands, who in the 1960s successfully captured 35 dama gazelles in Northern Africa and transported them to zoos in the United States and Europe, losing only two animals in the harrowing process. Those 33 dama gazelles were the “founders” of all the dama gazelles in captivity today.Detailed appendixes and a glossary round out the volume with additional information to help researchers, zookeepers, and landowners better understand and conserve dama gazelles.

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Book SynopsisHere is the essential guide to biology, an authoritative reference book and timeline that examines how we have uncovered the secrets of life-the most complex process in the Universe. From the workings of molecules to the way entire oceans or continents of lifeforms interact, biology seeks to understand how it is that something can be alive, how it fends off death and how it leaves more life in its wake. We follow the journey through the history of life science to find out why the dolphin got its name (it is the 'womb fish'), how a seven-foot strand of DNA is able to build your body, and what gives a lobster its blue blood. The great names, such as Darwin and Linnaeus, are joined by lesser known discoverers, such as Karl von Frisch who discovered that bees dance, and Jan Baptist van Helmont who found a plant uses air and water to grow. Biology today is still very much a live science, finding a purpose in robot design and helping us to understand non-living complex systems like the Internet. Biology has changed the way we understand ourselves. What will it tell us next? - Contains 100 chronological articles that tell the story of biology from the dawn of history to the present day - Authoritative text, exciting imagery and helpful diagrams accompany each of the steps along the way - Biographies of great life scientists and a chart of the tree of life - A simple guide to biology draws together current understanding to set out the basics of the science - The Imponderables looks at what questions biology still needs to answer. Also contains a 24-page removable foldout concertina neatly housed at the back of the book. This fold-out concertina includes a 12-page Timeline History of Biology and 12 full pages of amazing electron micrographs called Our Hidden World.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of the book Introduction to Sociobiology is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the fascinating field of sociobiology. This thought-provoking book delves into the intricate relationship between biology and social behavior, exploring how genetics and evolution shape the social dynamics of various species, including humans. Through a combination of scientific research and captivating examples, this book aims to unravel the mysteries of why organisms behave the way they do, illuminating the underlying biological mechanisms that influence social interactions, cooperation, and conflict. By the end, readers will gain a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of biology and society, paving the way for a more holistic understanding of human behavior.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Overview of Sociobiology Chapter 2 Social Evolution: Introduction Chapter 3 Population Biology Principles Chapter 4 Social Mechanisms Chapter 5 Development and Modification of Social Behavior Chapter 6 Sociobiology–Behavioral Ecology Chapter 7 Biological Species As a Form of Existence, the Higher Form Chapter 8 Ethical Implications of Sociobiology

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Book SynopsisThe domestication of plants, animals and microorganisms has enabled the development of agriculture, animal husbandry, the processing of their products and, ultimately, civilizations. The species concerned by domestication, the regions of the world where it could take place, the clues that enable us to identify wild ancestors, the particularly morphological or physiological properties that characterize it, the modified genes, the genetic exchanges that domesticated organisms maintained with their wild ancestors, and the consequences of the structuring of the species that resulted in animal breeds or plant varieties, are all questions that develop studies in the fields of archaeology, sociology, ecology and genetics. Genetics of Domestications deals with the contribution of modern methods of genetic analysis and genomics to historical knowledge of domestications, their nature and diversity, based on examples of twelve species or groups of species.

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Book SynopsisSeit dem Erscheinen der ersten Auflage 1994 ist das Lehrbuch „Hämatologie” nicht mehr aus dem Ausbildungsangebot für Medizinisch-Technische Assistenten wegzudenken. Die dritte Auflage integriert nicht nur den neuesten Stand der MTA-Ausbildung, sondern präsentiert sich mit mehr didaktischen Merkmalen und einem übersichtlicheren Layout. Darüber hinaus wurden die folgenden Themen erweitert bzw. eingeführt: • Hämatologische Cytogenetik • Hämatologische Molekulargenetik • Antikörper-Diff erenzierung • Nachweis von Kälte-Agglutininen • Säure-Elution • Interne und externe Qualitätskontrolle in der Blutgruppenserologie.Table of ContentsGeleitwort XV Geleitwort XVII Abkürzungen XIX I Theoretischer Teil 1 1 Hämatologie 3 2 Das Blut als Organ 5 2.1 Blutmenge 5 2.2 Blut und Blutzusammensetzung 7 2.3 Aufgaben der Blutzellen 12 3 Blutbildung 15 3.1 Morphologie der Zellen 15 3.2 Zellteilungen 17 3.3 Ursprung und Entwicklung der Blutzellen (Ontogenese) 20 3.4 Blutentwicklung 22 3.5 Entwicklung der Blutzellen 23 4 Erythrozytenformen 47 4.1 Unterschiedliche Gestalt der Erythrozyten 47 4.2 Unterschiedliche Anfärbbarkeit der Erythrozyten 51 4.3 Anordnung der Erythrozyten 52 4.4 Veränderungen im roten Blutbild 53 5 Anämien55 5.1 Definition 55 5.2 Einteilung der Anämie 56 5.3 Hämolytische Anämien 58 5.4 Hämoglobinbildungsstörung 75 5.5 Anämie durch Einengung des Knochenmarks 81 5.6 Aplastische Anämie (AA) 82 6 Polyzythämien 83 6.1 Polyzythämia vera (PV) 83 6.2 Polyglobulie 85 6.3 Veränderung der Thrombozyten 86 7 Leukozyten89 7.1 Leukozytose 89 7.2 Toxische Veränderungen der neutrophilen Granulozyten 93 7.3 Leukozytenanomalien 93 7.4 Leukopenie 94 7.5 Agranulozytose 95 8 Lymphatische Reaktionen 97 8.1 Infektiöse Mononukleose (Pfeiffer’sches Drüsenfieber) 97 9 Erkrankungen des blutbildenden Systems 101 9.1 Myeloproliferative Syndrome 102 9.2 Akute Leukämien 113 9.3 Myelodysplastisches Syndrom (MDS) 126 10 Maligne Lymphome 137 10.1 Morbus Hodgkin (Hodgkin-Lymphom) 137 10.2 Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome 142 10.3 T-Zell-Lymphome 168 10.4 Kryoglobulinämie 168 II Praktischer Teil 171 11 Einleitung 173 12 Blutentnahme aus dem Kapillarnetz 175 13 Blutentnahme aus der Vene 177 14 Blutkörperchen-Senkungsgeschwindigkeit 181 15 Hämatokrit 183 16 Hämoglobin 187 17 Bestimmung der „Anzahl der Blutzellen“ 191 17.1 Zählkammer-Methode: Erythrozyten, Leukozyten, Thrombozyten 191 17.2 Automatisierte Zellzählung 194 17.3 Automatische Leukozytendifferenzierung 195 17.4 Pipetten 196 18 Erythrozytenzählung 201 19 Leukozytenzählung 205 20 Thrombozytenzählung 207 21 Zählungen mit der Fuchs-Rosenthal-Zählkammer 211 21.1 Prinzip der Eosinophilenzählung 211 21.2 Prinzip der Liquorzellzählung 212 22 Erythrozytometrische Werte 215 23 Differenzialblutbild 219 23.1 Ausstrichtechnik 219 23.2 Färbung nach Pappenheim 221 23.3 Differenzierung der Blutzellen 225 24 Isolierung der Lymphozyten 231 24.1 Immunfluoreszenzuntersuchungen 232 24.2 HLA-Typisierung 233 25 Mononukleose-Test 235 25.1 Objektträger-Agglutinationsteste im Serum 235 25.2 Schnelltest mit Blut zum Nachweis des Pfeiffer’schen Drüsenfiebers 237 26 Spezialfärbungen 239 26.1 Retikulozytenzählung 239 26.2 Färbung der Heinz’schen Innenkörper 241 26.3 Eisennachweis 244 26.4 Fetales Hämoglobin 245 26.5 Haptoglobin-Bestimmung 246 26.6 Sichelzellen-Nachweis 247 26.7 Säure-Serum-Test nach HAM 248 26.8 Kugelzellen-Nachweis 249 27 Price-Jones-Kurve 251 28 Osmotische Resistenz der Erythrozyten 253 29 Zytochemische Färbungen 257 29.1 Alkalische Leukozytenphosphatase (ALPA) 257 29.2 Peroxidase-Reaktion (POX) 260 29.3 Alpha-Naphthylacetat-Esterase-Reaktion (Est) 262 29.4 Periodic-Acid-Schiff-Reaktion (PAS) 264 29.5 Saure-Phosphatase-Reaktion (SP) 266 30 Immunchemische Methoden 271 30.1 Radiale Immundiffusion 271 30.2 Immunelektrophorese 271 30.3 Immunfixationselektrophorese 272 31 Knochenmarksuntersuchung 275 31.1 Indikationen für die Durchführung einer Knochenmarksuntersuchung 275 31.2 Knochenmarkpunktion 276 31.3 Modifizierte Pappenheim-Färbung des Knochenmarks 278 31.4 Zytologische Knochenmarksuntersuchung 279 31.5 Zellverteilung im Knochenmark 279 31.6 Menge des Knochenmarks 280 31.7 Zellen des Knochenmarks 281 31.8 Myelogramm 288 32 Flow-Zytometrie 293 32.1 Prinzip 293 32.2 Fluoreszenzmessungen 294 32.3 Signalverarbeitung und Messung 295 32.4 Anwendung in der klinischen Diagnostik 296 33 Hämatologische Histologie 299 34 Zytogenetik 303 34.1 Chromosomenanalyse 303 34.2 Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH) 304 35 Molekulargenetik 307 35.1 Southern Blot 307 35.2 Polymerasekettenreaktion 308 36 Referenzwerte in der Hämatologie 309 37 Blutgruppenserologische Untersuchungen 315 37.1 Untersuchungsziele und Präanalytik 315 37.2 Bestimmung der AB0-Merkmale in der Gelzentrifugationstechnik 316 37.3 Durchführung des Antikörpersuchtestes (AKS) in der Gelzentrifugationstechnik 325 37.4 Durchführung des direkten Coombs-Testes (DCT) 329 37.5 Durchführung der Verträglichkeitsprobe (Kreuzprobe) in der Gelzentrifugationstechnik 333 38 Gerinnungsphysiologische Untersuchungen 341 38.1 Physiologie der Hämostase 341 38.2 Die plasmatische Gerinnung des extrinsischen und intrinsischen Systems 343 38.3 Das Fibrinolysesystem 348 38.4 Kongentiale und erworbene hämorrhagische Diathesen (Blutungsbereitschaft) 350 38.5 Methoden der Diagnostik 352 38.6 Erste Methoden zur Gewinnung des Fibrinfadens: Recalzifizierungszeit 358 38.7 Spezielle Global- und Suchtests 359 38.8 Einzelfaktorenbestimmungen mit Mangelplasmen 368 38.9 Faktor-V-Leiden – Nachweis mit der APC-Resistenz 371 38.10 Inhibitoren (Hemmstoffe) 372 38.11 Immunchemische Verfahren 378 39 Qualitätssicherung am Arbeitsplatz 381 Anhang A Diagnostik im hämatologischen Routinelabor 385 A.1 Technologie im Wandel der Zeit 385 A.2 Zusätzliche Hämatologieparameter 387 A.3 Anforderungen an ein modernes Hämatologiesystem 392 A.4 Von der Analytik zur technischen Validation 393 A.5 Eine Komplettlösung für die Hämatologie 396 A.6 Digitale Morphologie 397 A.7 Messtechnologie der Sysmex XN-Serie 398 Literatur 404 Weiterführende Literatur 405 Glossar 411 Stichwortverzeichnis 417

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Book SynopsisEndlich in zweiter Auflage: das erste deutschsprachige Lehrbuch, das sich umfassend mit der modernen Molekulardiagnostik im medizinischen Labor beschäftigt. Speziell für medizinisch-technische Assistenten entwickelt, gibt das Buch nicht nur eine praxisnahe Einführung in die Diagnostik, sondern vermittelt auch einen hervorragenden Einstieg in die Molekularbiologie und Genetik. Damit nimmt das Buch einen zentralen Platz in der MTA-Ausbildung ein. Beibehalten wurde der Überblick über die derzeit gängigen Methoden, deren theoretische Grundlagen sowie ihre Anwendungsgebiete in der täglichen Praxis. Besonderer Wert wird auf die Vor- und Nachteile der jeweiligen Untersuchungsmethoden bei Praktikabilität, Sensitivität und Spezifität gelegt. Abgerundet wird der praxisnah geschriebene Leitfaden durch ein Glossar sowie eine Übersicht der gesetzlichen Regelungen zur molekularen Labordiagnostik im deutschsprachigen Raum.Trade Review"Die Inhalte werden in verständlicher Sprache und gut strukturiert im Fließtext vermittelt." fsmed-muenster.de (27.07.2015)Table of ContentsVorwort zur 1. Auflage XIII Vorwort zur 2. Auflage XV Autorenliste XVII Glossar XXI Einführung 1 Teil I Allgemeine Grundlagen und Präanalytik 3 1 Grundlagen der molekularen Diagnostik 5 Frank Thiemann 1.1 Die DNA 5 1.2 Die RNA 9 1.3 DNA-Replikation 12 1.4 Das Gen 13 1.5 Genomorganisation bei Prokaryonten 14 1.6 Genomorganisation bei Eukaryonten 14 1.7 Die Proteinbiosynthese 16 1.7.1 Die Transkription 16 1.7.2 Die Translation 21 1.8 Grundbegriffe in der molekularen Diagnostik 30 1.8.1 Inzidenz 30 1.8.2 Prävalenz 30 1.8.3 Mortalität 31 1.8.4 Letalität 31 1.8.5 Goldstandard 31 1.8.6 Richtigkeit und Präzision 31 1.8.7 Sensitivität und Spezifität 32 1.8.8 Prädiktiver Wert 34 2 Präanalytik in der molekularen Diagnostik 37 Frank Thiemann 2.1 Administrative Maßnahmen 37 2.2 Probengewinnung 38 2.2.1 Zeitpunkt der Probengewinnung 39 2.2.2 Proben- und Transportröhrchen 41 2.3 Hinweise zu Transport und Verpackung 45 2.3.1 Kategorie A UN 2814 45 2.3.2 Kategorie B UN 3373 46 2.3.3 Freigestellte medizinische Proben 46 2.4 Präanalytische Schritte im Labor 46 2.4.1 Räumliche Voraussetzungen 47 2.4.2 Vollautomatische Analysesysteme 49 Teil II Methoden 51 3 Isolierung von Nukleinsäuren 53 Edgar Setzke und Hans Nitschko 3.1 Einleitung 53 3.2 Die Probenvorbereitung 53 3.3 Der Zellaufschluss in Abhängigkeit des Probenmaterials und der zu isolierenden Nukleinsäure 55 3.4 Isolierung von DNA 56 3.4.1 Phenol/Chloroform-Extraktion 56 3.4.2 Silikamembranen oder mit Silika beschichtete Oberflächen (magnetische Partikel) 57 3.4.3 Anionenaustauscher-Säulen 61 3.5 Isolierung von RNA 63 3.5.1 Isolierung von Virus-RNA 63 3.5.2 Isolierung von zellulärer RNA 64 3.6 Manuelle und automatisierte Systeme zur Nukleinsäureisolierung in der molekularen Diagnostik 65 3.6.1 Manuelle Extraktionssysteme 66 3.6.2 Automatisierte Extraktionssysteme 68 3.7 Überprüfung der Menge, Reinheit und Qualität von RNA und DNA 72 3.7.1 Photometrische Bestimmung der Nukleinsäure [Menge/(Reinheit)] 73 3.7.2 Abschätzung der DNA-Menge durch Gelelektrophorese und Anfärbung mit Ethidiumbromid oder anderen Farbstoffen [Menge/(Qualität)] 73 3.7.3 Bioanalyzer [Menge/Qualität] 74 3.7.4 Spotmethode [Menge] 75 3.7.5 DNA/Zellzahlbestimmung durch PCR genomischer Sequenzen [Menge] 76 3.8 Lagerung der isolierten RNA/DNA 77 3.8.1 Lagerung von Standards 78 4 Amplifikation und Detektion von Nukleinsäuren 79 Stefan Lorkowski, Ofert Landt, Carsten Tiemann, Michael Weizenegger, Ulrich Eigner, Charlotte Sager, Frank Thiemann und Paul M. Cullen 4.1 Die Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) 79 4.1.1 Geschichtlicher Hintergrund 79 4.1.2 Das Prinzip der PCR 80 4.1.3 Die Komponenten der PCR 85 4.1.4 Anforderungen an das Ausgangsmaterial 89 4.1.5 PCR-Zusätze 91 4.1.6 Weitere PCR-Methoden 92 4.2 Entwicklung (Design) von Real time-PCR Assays: Primerauswahl und Sonden 99 4.2.1 Grundsätze 100 4.2.2 Primer 100 4.2.3 Sonden 102 4.2.4 Farbstoffe und Multiplex-PCR 103 4.2.5 Kriterien der Leistungsbewertung 103 4.3 Detektion von PCR-Produkten 106 4.3.1 Agarosegelelektrophorese 106 4.3.2 Chip-Elektrophorese (Lab-on-a-Chip) 109 4.3.3 PCR-ELISA und partikelbasierte Detektion 110 4.3.4 Reverse Hybridisierung 114 4.3.5 HyBeacon-Technologie 118 4.4 Real time-PCR 121 4.4.1 Interkalierende Farbstoffe (SYBR) 121 4.4.2 TaqMan-Sonden 122 4.4.3 Dark Quencher (BHQ, black hole quencher) 123 4.4.4 MGB-Sonden (minor grove binder) 123 4.4.5 Molecular Beacons 124 4.4.6 Modifizierte Oligonukleotidbausteine 124 4.4.7 Hybridisierungsproben 125 4.4.8 Scorpion-Primer 126 4.4.9 Schmelzpunktanalytik 127 4.4.10 High Resolution Melt (HRM) 128 4.4.11 Miniaturisierte Technik 129 4.4.12 Quantitative PCR 129 4.4.13 Absolute Quantifizierung 130 4.4.14 Relative Quantifizierung 132 4.4.15 Dual Target 133 4.4.16 Digitale PCR (dPCR) 134 4.5 Multiplex-PCR 135 4.5.1 Mit „Dual Priming“-Oligonukleotiden der Multiplex-PCR auf die Sprünge helfen 137 4.5.2 MLPA als Werkzeug für die Multiplex-PCR 140 4.5.3 Wenn es etwas mehr sein soll: Multiplex-PCR mit Luminex 144 4.5.4 Multiplex-PCR: Die Qual der Wahl 149 4.6 Weitere Nukleinsäure-Amplifikationsverfahren 149 4.6.1 DNA-Sonden-Assays (Gensonden) 150 4.6.2 Transcription-Mediated Amplifikation (TMA) 150 4.6.3 Hybridization Protection Assay (HPA) 153 4.6.4 Nucleic Acid Sequence based Amplifikation (NASBA) 154 4.6.5 Strand-Displacement Amplification (SDA) 156 4.6.6 Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) 158 4.6.7 Massenspektrometrie als neue Option 158 4.6.8 Das Prinzip 162 4.6.9 Massenspektrometrie im PCR-Labor 164 4.6.10 Die Target-Regionen und ihre Analyse 167 4.6.10.1 Der Einsatz im Routinelabor 169 4.7 DNA-Mikroarrays 170 5 DNA-Sequenzierung 173 Andre Frontzek 5.1 DNA-Sequenzierung nach Sanger 173 5.2 Pyrosequenzierung 180 5.3 Minisequenzierung 183 5.4 Sequenzierung mit Mikroarrays 185 5.5 Sequenzierung – die nächste Generation 186 5.6 Die Zukunft der Sequenzierung 191 Teil III Indikationen 193 6 Indikationen für die molekulare Diagnostik 195 Holger F. Rabenau, Udo Reischl, Uwe Lang, Matthias Aymanns, Tim Hagedorn, Kim Koop, Jana Schröder und Andreas Uekötter 6.1 Erkrankungen durch Viren 198 6.2 Erkrankungen durch Bakterien, Pilze und Parasiten 221 6.3 Molekulare Methoden in der Krankenhaushygiene 227 6.3.1 Bedeutung der Krankenhaushygiene in Deutschland 227 6.3.2 Gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen 228 6.3.3 Molekularbiologische Erregersuchtests 229 6.3.4 Molekulare Typisierungsmethoden in der Krankenhaushygiene 231 7 Humangenetik 235 Hanns-Georg Klein, Imma Rost, Christoph Marschall, Karin Mayer, Sebastian Eck, Ina Vogl, Christina Sofeso, Camilla Ladinig, Wolfgang Rupprecht, Paul M. Cullen, Brigitte Welling, Uwe Heinrich, Annett Wagner, Tanja Hinrichsen, Thomas Harasim und Birgit Busse 7.1 Klinische Genetik 236 7.1.1 Gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen 236 7.1.2 Genetische Beratung 237 7.1.3 Erbgänge 239 7.2 Molekulargenetik 241 7.2.1 Monogene Erkrankungen 241 7.2.2 Next Generation Sequencing in der Diagnostik 247 7.3 Prädispositionsdiagnostik 250 7.3.1 Prädispositionsdiagnostik für polygene Erkrankungen 251 7.4 Klassische und molekulare Zytogenetik 261 7.4.1 Postnataldiagnostik 261 7.4.2 Pränataldiagnostik 267 7.4.3 Tumorzytogenetik 268 7.4.4 Molekulare Zytogenetik 271 7.5 Nicht invasiver Pränataltest (NIPT) 276 7.6 Reproduktionsgenetik 278 7.6.1 Polkörperdiagnostik – Präimplantationsdiagnostik 278 7.7 Pharmakogenetik 282 7.7.1 Verstoffwechselung von Arzneimitteln 283 7.7.2 Transportproteine 285 7.7.3 Pharmakogenetik in der Routinediagnostik 285 7.8 Abstammungsanalysen 286 7.8.1 Gesetzliche Grundlagen 288 7.8.2 Weitere Anwendungen von Mikrosatellitenanalysen 288 8 Immungenetik und Transfusionsmedizin 291 Hannah Rabenstein, Kristin Kipper, Barbara Bangol und Kaimo Hirv 8.1 MHC-Komplex und HLA-System 291 8.1.1 Klinische Bedeutung der HLA-Typisierung 292 8.1.2 Methodische Aspekte der HLA-Typisierung 295 8.2 Primäre Immundefekterkrankungen 298 8.3 Hereditäre periodische Fiebersyndrome 299 9 Molekulare Onkologie und Pathologie 301 Tanja Hinrichsen, Stefanie Kühner, Oliver Wachter und Barbara Dockhorn-Dworniczak 9.1 Leukämien 302 9.1.1 Ablauf einer genetischen Diagnostik am Beispiel der chronischen myeloischen Leukämie (CML) 303 9.2 Solide Tumore 307 9.2.1 Kolorektales Karzinom (KRK) 308 Teil IV Qualität 313 10 Qualitätssicherung in der molekularen Diagnostik 315 Holger F. Rabenau und Udo Reischl 10.1 Präanalytik 317 10.1.1 Labortechnische und -organistorische Voraussetzungen 317 10.1.2 Kontrollen 317 10.2 Validierungen von molekularbiologischen Verfahren 318 10.3 NAT-spezifische Aspekte der Qualitätssicherung – RiLiBÄK 2013 321 Gesetze und Normen zur Regelung der molekularen Labordiagnostik im deutschsprachigen Raum 323 Paul M. Cullen und Michael Neumaier EU-Richtlinie 98/79/EG über In vitro-Diagnostik 323 Besondere Bedeutung der EU-Richtlinie für die Molekulardiagnostik 325 Regelung von Nukleinsäureamplifikationstechniken (NAT) bei der Diagnose von Infektionskrankheiten 325 Das deutsche Gendiagnostikgesetz 325 Aufbau und Inhalt des Gendiagnostikgesetzes 326 Was vom Gendiagnostikgesetz nicht geregelt wird 326 Was vom Gendiagnostikgesetz geregelt wird 326 Anwendung des Gendiagnostikgesetzes – was in der täglichen Praxis beachtet werden muss 327 Gendiagnostikgesetz: Kritik, Interpretation und Modifikationen 333 Weiterführende Literatur 337 Index 341

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Book SynopsisCase Studies in Infectious Disease presents 40 case studies featuring the most important human infectious diseases worldwide. Fully revised and updated in this second edition, the book describes the natural history of infection from point of entry of the pathogen through to clinical management of the resulting disease or condition. A further 8 case studies have been provided online as supplementary material, and these can be downloaded by students. Five core sets of questions are posed in each case, with the answers covering the nature of the infectious agent, route(s) of spread and of infection, pathogenesis of disease, host response to infection, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This standardized approach provides the reader with a logical basis for understanding these diverse and medically important organisms and diseases, fully integrating microbiology and immunology throughout.KEY FEATURES High-resolution photos accompany each case, from the causative agents of disease to the clinical manifestations of the infection. Exquisite artwork helps to illustrate important concepts throughout the book. Eight new cases added to this new edition, extending coverage of important infectious diseases of worldwide significance. A standardized set of core questions allows students to compare directly differences between microbes such as their structure, clinical manifestations, host response, pathogenesis and availability of vaccines. Questions and answers available online, test the readerâs understanding of each case study. The book provides essential case-based learning for undergraduate and graduate microbiology students, while medical students and trainee physicians will also find the up-to-date information on 48 globally important infectious diseases outlined in a clear, digestible form, invaluable during undergraduate studies and in future clinical practice. Trade Review"a handsome, excellent book on most common pathogens, with a clear orientation to immunology, physiopathology, and microbiology … It reads well and is an excellent textbook for medical students and a good source of illustrations, tables, and question ideas for teachers." Gary P. Wormser and Guillaume Béraud for Clinical Infectious Diseases."a valuable compilation of information on the most common diseases that cause illness and death worldwide. The presentation format with distinct sections makes it readable and well suited for either students just learning about the pathogens causing infectious disease or clinicians who need an update. The level of detail is well thought out and gives the reader a useful summary of each pathogen and disease state. The condensed presentations make it a good reference source for those with insufficient time to read through more detailed textbooks." Philip S. Brachman for Emerging Infectious Disease.Table of ContentsAspergillus fumigatus Borrelia burgdorferi and related species Campylobacter jejuni Candida albicansChlamydia trachomatis Clostridiodies difficile Cytomegalovirus Echinococcus spp. EnterovirusesEpstein-Barr virus Escherichia coli Giardia lamblia Helicobacter pylori Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virusHerpes simplex virus Histoplasma capsulatum Human immunodeficiency virus Influenza virus Leishmania spp. Leptospira spp. Listeria monocytogenes Mycobacterium leprae Mycobacterium tuberculosis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Norovirus Plasmodium spp. Respiratory syncytial virus Rickettsia spp. Salmonella typhi Schistosoma spp. Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Toxoplasma gondii Trypanosoma spp.Trichophyton spp. and dermatophytesVaricella-zoster virus Wuchereria bancrofti Plus online cases:Bartonella bacilliformis BrucellaCoxiella burnetti Dengue virusEnterococcus faecalis and E. faeciumMycobacterium abscessusSARS-CoV-2 Streptococcus mitis

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Book SynopsisComputational Prediction of Protein Functional Annotations.- Machine Learning for Protein Function Prediction.- Graph Neural Network-Based Approaches for Protein Function Prediction.- Multi-Task Learning-Based Approaches for Protein Function Prediction.- A Survey of Deep Learning Methods and Tools for Protein Binding Site Prediction.- A Survey of Current Status in AI-Based Topology Prediction of Transmembrane Proteins.- NetGO 3.0: A Recent Protein Function Prediction Tool Based on Protein Language Model.- Predicting Protein Functions with Function-Aware Domain Embeddings Using Domain-PFP.- Integrating Gene Ontology Relationships for Protein Function Prediction Using PFresGO.- Annotating Genomes with DeepGO Protein Function Prediction Tools.- An Online Server for Geometry-Aware Protein Function Annotations through Predicted Structure.- Exploring Binding Sites on Proteins for Function Prediction Using the PoSSuM Databases.- Comprehensive Prediction of Protein Localization and Signal Peptides Using MULocDeep.- A Benchmarking Platform for Assessing Protein Language Models on Function-Related Prediction Tasks.- Prediction of Intrinsic Disorder Functions with DEPICTER2.- Prediction of Disordered Linear Interacting Peptides with CLIP.- Prediction of Intrinsically Disordered Lipid Binding Residues with DisoLipPred.- NaviGO: An Interactive Tool for Gene Ontology Functional Analysis with Free Text GO Summaries.- Using the MoonProt Database for Understanding Protein Functions.- Illustrative Features and Utilities of MPAD: Thermodynamic Database for Membrane Protein-Protein Complexes.

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Book SynopsisA leading biologist looks at how humans have meddled with evolution throughout history – and what we will do nextTrade Review‘An accessible, enlightening writer… Big history meets big science – and it’s great entertainment.’ -- The Times, Best Books of 2021‘[Life as We Made It] provides a detailed exploration of some of the most influential technologies of our time. It also offers a tantalising glimpse of what might be in store in the future, when humanity starts to mix things up all over again.’ -- New Scientist‘[A] fun-filled survey… Shapiro’s anecdotes are full of energy… Perfect for fans of Mary Roach, this is science writing with much to savour.’ * Publishers Weekly *‘A brilliant combination of science, natural history, and first-person experience, Life as We Made It shows how our species has been manipulating nature for nearly as long as we’ve been around. Anyone who wants to better understand the future of life – human and otherwise – should read this book.’ -- Jennifer Doudna, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry‘For the past two decades, Beth Shapiro has pioneered using ancient DNA to understand the diversity of life. In Life as We Made It, her twin passions for cutting-edge science and natural history leap from every page. This book will entertain and challenge you to think in new ways about our role in the future of life on Earth.’ -- Neil Shubin, evolutionary biologist and author of Your Inner Fish‘Very few people write about the insane complexities and power of biology with greater clarity, insight and levity than Beth Shapiro.’ -- Adam Rutherford, author of A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived‘In this brilliant new book, biologist Beth Shapiro tells the incredible story of how we’re remaking much of nature and lays out a thoughtful path for how we can survive and thrive by learning to more wisely apply our god-like powers.’ -- Jamie Metzl, author of Hacking Darwin‘Shapiro chronicles the many ways humans have influenced the evolutionary trajectories of other species, from prehistory through the present day. Tools like CRISPR are just the latest way we have shaped the life on this planet. She effectively makes the case that our use of evolution as a tool is ethically acceptable, if done carefully and with informed consent.’ -- Emma Marris, author of Wild Souls‘[Shapiro’s] expansive survey of the hopes and fears – and the hypes and fails – of genetic manipulation is an enjoyable tour of “impossible” species created to solve pressing human problems… She builds a convincing case… there is no doubt that synthetic biology has the potential to help solve some of our biggest global problems. With this clear-eyed account of its humanitarian potential, Shapiro has done the field a great service.’ * Nature *‘Life as We Made It presents a compelling vision that encourages us to be more open-minded.’ -- Philippa Nuttall * New Statesman *‘Thoughtful and entertaining’ -- Adrian Woolfson * Wall Street Journal *‘In an age when “technology” has become synonymous with the information kind, it is worth being reminded that other sorts are available. And with one of them people can, if they so choose, remake themselves.’ -- Economist‘Throughout our existence, humans have been unconscious genetic engineers. In this excellent summary of the most exciting parts of 21st-century biology, Beth Shapiro shows how we have inadvertently shaped the natural world, producing extinctions and slowly altering domestic animals. Above all, she optimistically describes how we might be able to use our new conscious ability to engineer genomes to save species and deliberately change the world for the better.’ -- Professor Matthew Cobb, University of Manchester‘An engaging account of how our ancestors’ actions, over tens of thousands of years, ended up modifying our genomes and those of countless other species, a thanksgiving for the beauty and bounty wrought by these changes, and a thoughtful, refreshingly optimistic anticipation of what is to come as we, one way or another, exert ever greater control over evolution.’ -- Austin Burt, professor of evolutionary genetics, Imperial College London‘Deeply thought-provoking… Around two to three decades ago the protests against genetically modified food types seemed warranted and necessary due to far too many unknowns. Now, with more precise genetic editing, examples such as Golden Rice discussed by Shapiro demonstrate that we are now in more nuanced times, and this is a topic that does need to be examined and more closely debated. Shapiro’s book is timely and well worth reading.’ -- Simon Cocking, Irish Tech News‘The scientific study of ancient DNA preserved in extinct species and the possibility of de extinction make for truly fascinating reading. Employing just the right amount of paleontology, history, genomics, and archaeology, Shapiro warns that we stand on the precipice of fashioning a new, unnatural nature. The risk of messing up the future of other species and even the planet itself looms large.’ * Booklist *‘Shapiro takes readers on a succinct and compelling journey through historical events, inventions, and decisions that have forever changed the course of life on Earth… In what is perhaps the greatest accomplishment of Life as We Made It, Shapiro clearly articulates key questions whose answers will define how we think about and use the power we now yield… Shapiro offers readers a history lesson from which to pull both caution and inspiration. In doing so, she sets the table for a needed conversation about our lasting imprint on the tree of life. It is up to us to take a seat.’ -- Science‘Shapiro is a fantastic science communicator who addresses the many nuances of each topic she touches, and she can be disarmingly funny. I heartily recommend you read this book.’ -- The Inquisitive Biologist‘Beth Shapiro’s unmissable book… My advice is not to waste time on COP26, and read this book instead… She is a thoughtful academic… This book brings readers up to date, assessing the impact on research of the Covid-19 event and the appetite for adopting riskier technologies more quickly… Life as We Made It turns a potentially chilling threat into a promise – so long as those charged with the process are as far-seeing and practical as its author. That’s the challenge upon which readers will be left reflecting.’ -- Reaction‘Beth Shapiro takes readers on a journey of scientific discovery, explaining how symbiotic relationships between humans and the environment around us have changed – but not always for the better…’ * Engadget *

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