Description
Book SynopsisPollutants, Human Health and the Environment is a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of environmental pollutants that are of current concern to human health. Clearly structured throughout, the main body of the book is divided by pollutant type with a chapter devoted to each group of pollutants.
Trade Review“Overall, the book offers a well-rounded overview of the complex and rapidly changing field of environmental toxicology. It will be of interest to anyone studying or working in the broad fields of health, safety and environmental science and of immense value to scientists or professionals involved in influencing environmental and public health policy.” (Occupational Medicine, 8 December 2013)
“Overall, this book is valuable to the field of cancer disparity research and will be a good addition to any library, particularly those that cater to the disadvantaged members of the US population.” (Perspectives in Public Health, 6 July 2013)
“This book provides a balanced view of the risks and benefits of several groups of substances such as essential, toxic, trace and radioactive elements; synthetic organic agricultural and industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals; and particulates and nano-materials . . . The chapters may be useful as guidelines for the management of risk. The book will be quite useful for a wide spectrum of readership across the world.” (Environment & Ecology, 1 October 2012)
“The book is clearly written, includes extensive references, and is well-illustrated.” (Book News, 1 April 2012)
Table of ContentsForewords xi
Tribute xiii
The Editors xv
Contributors xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Introduction 1
Jane A. Plant, Nikolaos Voulvoulis and K. Vala Ragnarsdottir
1 The scientific appraisal of hazardous substances in the environment 5
Olwenn V. Martin and Jane A. Plant
1.1 Introduction 5
1.2 Fundamental concepts of toxicology 5
1.3 Some notions of environmental epidemiology 13
1.4 Scientific evidence and the precautionary principle 19
1.5 Uncertainty and controversy: the endocrine disruption example 20
1.6 Concluding remarks 23
References 23
2 Regulatory systems and guidelines for the management of risk 27
Dieudonne-Guy Ohandja, Sally Donovan, Pamela Castle, Nikolaos Voulvoulis and Jane A. Plant
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Current regulation on chemicals 28
2.3 Guideline values 34
2.4 Conclusions and recommendations 47
References 47
3 Essential and beneficial trace elements 53
Xiyu Phoon, E. Louise Ander and Jane A. Plant
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Hazardous properties 56
3.3 Sources 59
3.4 Environmental pathways 63
3.5 Effects on human receptors 68
3.6 Risk reduction 77
References 79
4 Toxic trace elements 87
Jilang Pan, Ho-Sik Chon, Mark R. Cave, Christopher J. Oates and Jane A. Plant
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Hazardous properties 89
4.3 Sources 90
4.4 Environmental pathways 94
4.5 Effects on human receptors 101
4.6 Risk reduction 107
References 108
5 Radioactivity and radioelements 115
Jane A. Plant, Barry Smith, Xiyu Phoon and K. Vala Ragnarsdottir
5.1 Introduction 115
5.2 Hazardous properties 122
5.3 Sources 125
5.4 Environmental pathways 132
5.5 Bioaccessibility and bioavailability 136
5.6 Risk reduction 139
References 141
6 Industrial chemicals 147
Danelle Dhaniram, Alexandra Collins, Khareen Singh and Nikolaos Voulvoulis
6.1 Introduction 147
6.2 Hazardous properties 148
6.3 Sources 156
6.4 Environmental pathways 161
6.5 Human health 164
6.6 Risk reduction and future trends 170
References 172
7 Agricultural pesticides and chemical fertilisers 181
Rebecca McKinlay, Jason Dassyne, Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz, Jane A. Plant and Nikolaos Voulvoulis
7.1 Introduction 181
7.2 Pesticides 183
7.3 Fertilisers 195
7.4 Risk reduction for pesticides and chemical fertilisers 197
References 199
8 Pharmaceuticals and personal-care products 207
James Treadgold, Qin-Tao Liu, Jane A. Plant and Nikolaos Voulvoulis
8.1 Introduction 207
8.2 Hazardous properties 208
8.3 Anthropogenic sources 210
8.4 Pathways and environmental fate 215
8.5 Physiological effects 218
8.6 Risk assessment, communication and reduction 219
8.7 Future trends 220
References 221
9 Naturally occurring oestrogens 229
Olwenn V. Martin and Richard M. Evans
9.1 Introduction 229
9.2 Hazardous properties 231
9.3 Sources 240
9.4 Environmental pathways 241
9.5 Effects on humans 243
9.6 Risk reduction 248
References 249
10 Airborne particles 255
Edward Derbyshire, Claire J. Horwell, Timothy P. Jones and Teresa D. Tetley
10.1 Introduction 255
10.2 Hazardous properties 257
10.3 Sources 261
10.4 Global pathways 266
10.5 Health effects of inhaled particulate material 270
10.6 Risk reduction and future trends 277
References 281
11 Engineered nanomaterials 287
Superb K. Misra, Teresa D. Tetley, Andrew Thorley, Aldo R. Boccaccini and Eugenia Valsami-Jones
11.1 Introduction 287
11.2 Useful and hazardous properties 289
11.3 Sources of NPs 299
11.4 Environmental pathways 300
11.5 Regulation and effects on human receptors 301
11.6 Future trends and risk reduction 312
References 313
Conclusions: pollutants, risk and society 319
Richard Owen, Jane A. Plant, K. Vala Ragnarsdottir and Nikolaos Voulvoulis
Index 327
