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Book SynopsisThis volume describes features of autonomy and integrates them into the recent discussion of factors in evolution. In recent years ideas about major transitions in evolution are undergoing a revolutionary change. They include questions about the origin of evolutionary innovation, their genetic and epigenetic background, the role of the phenotype and of changes in ontogenetic pathways. In the present book, it is argued that it is likewise necessary to question the properties of these innovations and what was qualitatively generated during the macroevolutionary transitions.The author states that a recurring central aspect of macroevolutionary innovations is an increase in individual organismal autonomy whereby it is emancipated from the environment with changes in its capacity for flexibility, self-regulation and self-control of behavior.The first chapters define the concept of autonomy and examine its history and its epistemological context. Later chapters demonstrate how changes in autonomy took place during the major evolutionary transitions and investigate the generation of organs and physiological systems. They synthesize material from various disciplines including zoology, comparative physiology, morphology, molecular biology, neurobiology and ethology. It is argued that the concept is also relevant for understanding the relation of the biological evolution of man to his cultural abilities.Finally the relation of autonomy to adaptation, niche construction, phenotypic plasticity and other factors and patterns in evolution is discussed. The text has a clear perspective from the context of systems biology, arguing that the generation of biological autonomy must be interpreted within an integrative systems approach.Trade Review“The core of Rosslenbroich’s book is a series of chapters examining the evolutionary trajectory of autonomy in more detail, through the lenses of history and function. The depth of the treatment of evidence is remarkable, his command of principles and facts of anatomy and physiology enviable.” (Daniel W. McShea, Biology & Philosophy, Vol. 30 (3), May, 2015)“The volume explores the nature of biological autonomy and its application to understanding major evolutionary trends. … this is an important book that deserves to play a role in the reforming of an updated evolutionary synthesis; it will appeal to evolutionary biologists, philosophers of science, and even zoologists who will accordingly reconsider morphological, anatomical, physiological, and behavioral features of animal life in a new, dynamic context.” (Mark Riegner, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 90 (1), March, 2015)“I recommend the book as a fine blend of thought-provoking holism, built around a conscientious survey of the deeper implications of dynamic systems and process thinking, essential to revise our still-too-static view of biology, and incorporate a mature understanding of autonomy.” (Martin Lockley, Acta Biotheoretica, August, 2014)Table of ContentsWhat is the outcome of evolution?.- The problem of macroevolutionary trends.- The concept of biological autonomy.- The major transitions in early evolution.- The Cambrian explosion and thereafter.- Fluid management in animals.- Reproduction.- Nervous systems and the flexibility of movements.- Endothermy.- The evolution of brains and behavior: is there a trend?.- The evolution of man.- Conclusion and implications.

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Book SynopsisThis book looks at the persistence of life and how difficult it would be to annihilate life, especially a species as successful as humanity. The idea that life in general is fragile is challenged by the hardiness of microbes, which shows that astrobiology on exoplanets and other satellites must be robust and plentiful. Microbes have adapted to virtually every niche on the planet, from the deep, hot biosphere, to the frigid heights of the upper troposphere. Life, it seems, is almost indestructible. The chapters in this work examine the various scenarios that might lead to the extermination of life, and why they will almost always fail. Life's highly adaptive nature ensures that it will cling on no matter how difficult the circumstances. Scientists are increasingly probing and questioning life's true limits in, on and above the Earth, and how these limits could be pushed elsewhere in the universe. This investigation puts life in its true astronomical context, with the reader taken on a journey to illustrate life's potential and perseverance. Trade Review“This book is part of Springer’s Astronomer’s Universe series and is an excellent read for anyone having broad interests. The author writes fluently with a light touch, making for an enjoyable read … . Each chapter ends with a conclusion and references, and the book with a Glossary and Index. The breadth and depth of the coverage, weaving together geology, chemistry, and biology, make for a strong recommendation.” (Peredur Williams, The Observatory, Vol. 138 (1267), December, 2018)“Stevenson, a scholar with a range of expertise, including molecular biology, genetics, and planetary science, combines these disciplines in a fascinating study of the perseverance of life. The book examines the intricacies of genetics, including how life could have begun from simple chemical processes and evolved to its present complexity–having expanded to fill an incredible variety of ecological niches. … Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and above.” (M. K. Cleaveland, Choice, Vol. 55 (9), May, 2018)Table of ContentsPreface.- Chapter 1 – What is Life?.- Chapter 2 – Life’s Grand Themes.- Chapter 3 – The Origin of Life on Earth.- Chapter 4 – Life as the Evolution of Information.- Chapter 5 – Life Jim, But Not as We Know It.- Chapter 6 - Extinction.- Chapter 7- Agents of Mass Destruction.- Chapter 8 - Ultimately, Can Life Survive?.- Chapter 9 - A Thesis on Life, the Universe and Almost Everything Else.- Glossary.- Index.

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Book SynopsisMedical Product Regulatory Affairs Hands-on guide through the jungle of medical regulatory affairs for every professional involved in bringing new products to market Based on a module prepared by the authors for an MSc course offered by the University of Limerick, Ireland, Medical Product Regulatory Affairs is a comprehensive and practical guide on how pharmaceutical and medical devices are regulated within the major global markets. The Second Edition builds on the success of the first with an even wider scope and full coverage of new EU regulations on the safe use of medical devices. Following a look at drug development, complete sections are devoted to national and EU regulatory issues, manufacturing license application and retention, and regulation in the USA. Other topics dealt with include CDER, CBER and marketing and manufacturing licenses, the ICH process and Good Laboratory/Clinical/ Manufacturing Practices. Medical Product Regulatory Affairs includes information on: Aims and structure of regulation, covering purpose and principles of regulation, national and EU legislative processes, and pharmacopeia Regulatory strategy, covering product development and manufacturing, market vigilance, quality assurance systems, personnel, and documentation Drug discovery and development, covering prescription status, physical properties, therapeutic use, and drug discovery, development, and delivery Non-clinical studies, covering non-clinical study objectives and timing, pharmacological and pharmacodynamic studies, and bioavailability and bioequivalence Clinical trials, covering trial protocol, monitoring of trials, trial master files, and FDA communications The wide coverage of different product types and the main global markets makes Medical Product Regulatory Affairs ideal for training courses on regulatory affairs in academia and industry. It is also a valuable reference for pharmacologists, bioengineers, pharma engineers, and students in pharmacy to familiarize themselves with the topic.Table of Contents1 The Aims and Structure of Regulations 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Purpose and Principles of Regulation 1 1.3 The Legal Framework for Regulation 3 1.3.1 National Legislative Process 3 1.3.2 EU Legislative Process 4 1.3.3 Working with Legal Texts 6 1.3.4 Guidance Documents 7 1.3.5 Pharmacopoeia 7 1.4 Basic Legislation 7 1.4.1 EU Legislation 7 1.4.2 US Legislation 12 1.5 Scope of the Legislation 15 1.6 Chapter Review 20 1.7 Further Reading 21 2 Regulatory Strategy 23 2.1 Chapter Introduction 23 2.2 Basic Regulatory Strategy 23 2.2.1 Product Development 23 2.2.2 Product Manufacture 23 2.2.3 Market Vigilance 24 2.3 Quality Assurance Systems 25 2.3.1 Personnel 25 2.3.2 Documentation 25 2.3.3 Facilities and Equipment 26 2.3.4 Corrective and Preventative Action 27 2.4 Validation 27 2.5 Regulatory Bodies 29 2.5.1 European Commission 29 2.5.2 The EMA 30 2.5.3 National Competent Authorities 32 2.5.4 Notified Bodies 34 2.5.5 The FDA 35 2.5.6 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) 39 2.5.7 Pharmacopoeia Authorities 39 2.6 International Harmonisation Bodies 40 2.7 International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use 41 2.7.1 VICH 43 2.7.2 The International Medical Device Regulators Forum (IMDRF) 43 2.8 Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme (PICS) 44 2.9 The World Health Organisation (WHO) 45 2.10 Chapter Review 45 2.11 Further Reading 46 3 Drug Discovery, Classification and Early Stage Development 47 3.1 Chapter Introduction 47 3.2 Drug Categorisation 47 3.2.1 Prescription Status 47 3.2.2 Physical Properties 48 3.2.3 Mode of Action 48 3.2.4 Therapeutic Use 49 3.3 Drug Discovery 51 3.3.1 Target Discovery and Validation 52 3.3.2 Lead Discovery, Validation and Optimisation 57 3.4 Drug Development 58 3.4.1 Manufacture and Control 59 3.5 Drug Delivery 59 3.5.1 Location 60 3.5.2 Drug Characteristics 60 3.5.3 Speed and Duration of Therapeutic Effect 62 3.5.4 Stability 63 3.6 Chapter Review 63 3.7 Further Reading 63 4 Non-clinical Studies 65 4.1 Chapter Introduction 65 4.2 Non-clinical Study Objectives and Timing 65 4.3 Pharmacological Studies 69 4.3.1 Pharmacodynamic Studies 70 4.3.2 Pharmacokinetic/Toxicokinetic Studies 72 4.4 Bioavailability and Bioequivalence 73 4.5 Toxicology Studies 74 4.5.1 Toxicity Studies 74 4.5.2 Genotoxicity Studies 75 4.5.3 Carcinogenicity Studies 76 4.5.4 Reproductive Toxicology Studies 76 4.6 Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control Development (CMC) 77 4.7 Quality by Design (QbD) 77 4.8 Quality of Biotech Products 78 4.8.1 Stability Studies 78 4.9 Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) 78 4.10 Chapter Review 80 4.11 Further Reading 83 5 Clinical Trials 85 5.1 Chapter Introduction 85 5.2 Clinical Trials 85 5.2.1 Phase I Trials 86 5.2.2 Phase II Trials 86 5.2.3 Phase III Trials 87 5.3 Clinical Trial Design 88 5.4 Good Clinical Practice 90 5.5 Clinical Trials in the EU 90 5.5.1 Sponsor 93 5.5.2 Investigator’s Brochure (IB) 93 5.5.3 Investigator 94 5.5.4 Trial Protocol 94 5.5.5 Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier (IMPD) 94 5.5.6 Informed Consent 94 5.5.7 Manufacture of Investigational Medicinal Product 95 5.5.8 Clinical Trial Authorisation 95 5.5.9 Independent Ethics Committee Opinion 96 5.5.10 Amendments to Clinical Trials 97 5.5.11 Case Report Forms (CRFs) 97 5.5.12 Adverse Event Reporting 97 5.5.13 Annual Safety Report 98 5.5.14 Monitoring of Trials 98 5.5.15 End of Trial 98 5.5.16 Trial Master File 98 5.6 Clinical Trials in the US 100 5.6.1 Investigational New Drug Application (IND) 100 5.6.2 Institutional Review Board (IRB) 103 5.6.3 Communication with the FDA 104 5.6.4 Labelling of Investigational Drugs 105 5.6.5 Registry of Clinical Trial Information 105 5.7 Chapter Review 105 5.8 Further Reading 106 6 Marketing Authorisation 109 6.1 Chapter Introduction 109 6.2 The Application Dossier 109 6.3 CTD 110 6.3.1 Module Structure 112 6.3.2 Module 3 – Quality 113 6.3.3 Drug Master Files 116 6.3.4 Module 4 – Non-clinical Study Reports 116 6.3.5 Module 5 – Clinical Study Reports 116 6.3.6 Module 2 – Summaries 118 6.3.7 Module I – Region Specific 120 6.3.8 Module 1 – EU 121 6.3.9 Module 1 – US 123 6.4 Submission and Review Process in the EU 127 6.4.1 Union Authorisation 128 6.4.2 Scientific Evaluation Process 129 6.4.3 Decision Making Process 130 6.4.4 National Authorisations 132 6.4.5 Decentralised Procedure 132 6.4.6 Mutual Recognition Procedure 134 6.4.7 Plasma Master Files and Vaccine Antigen Master Files 134 6.5 Submission and Review Process in the US 134 6.6 Chapter Review 138 6.7 Further Reading 138 7 Authorisation of Veterinary Medicines 139 7.1 Chapter Introduction 139 7.2 Overview of Development Process for Veterinary Medicines 139 7.2.1 Pre-clinical Studies 140 7.2.2 Clinical Trials 141 7.2.3 Good Clinical Practices 141 7.3 Authorisation of Clinical Trials in the EU 145 7.4 Authorisation of Clinical Trials in the US 146 7.5 Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) 147 7.6 Authorisation of Veterinary Medicines in the EU 149 7.6.1 Applications to Establish MRLs 149 7.6.2 Review of Applications and Establishment of MRLs 152 7.6.3 Marketing Authorisations 156 7.6.4 Presentation of the Dossier 156 7.7 Approval of Veterinary Medicines in the US 158 7.7.1 New Animal Drug Application (NADA) 158 7.7.2 Approval of Veterinary Biological Products 163 7.8 Chapter Review 164 7.9 Further Reading 164 8 Variations to the Drug Authorisation Process 165 8.1 Chapter Introduction 165 8.2 Provisions in Support of Special Drug Applications 165 8.2.1 Orphan Drugs 165 8.2.2 Paediatric Applications 167 8.3 Accelerated Access to New Drug Therapies 170 8.3.1 EMA Accelerated Review and Conditional Marketing Routes 170 8.3.2 EU Compassionate Use 171 8.3.3 Expedited Pathways in the US 171 8.3.4 Expanded Access and Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) 174 8.4 Approval of New Drugs When Human Efficacy Studies Are Not Ethical or Feasible 175 8.5 Animal Drugs for Minor Use and Minor Species 176 8.5.1 Conditional Approval 176 8.5.2 Indexing 176 8.5.3 Designation 176 8.6 Special Provisions to Facilitate Access to Drugs for Animal Treatment in the EU 177 8.7 Changes to an Authorised Drug 177 8.8 EU System for Processing Changes 177 8.8.1 Extension Applications 178 8.8.2 Major Variation (Type II) 178 8.8.3 Minor Variation (Type IA or IB) 179 8.9 Processing Changes in the US 179 8.9.1 Manufacturing Change Supplements 180 8.9.2 Major Changes 180 8.9.3 Moderate Changes 180 8.9.4 Minor Changes 181 8.10 Authorisation of Generic Drugs 181 8.10.1 EU Regulations 181 8.10.2 US Regulations 182 8.11 Biosimilars 183 8.11.1 EU Regulations 184 8.11.2 US Regulations 185 8.12 Reference Drug Exclusivity 189 8.13 Other Authorisation Procedures 191 8.13.1 Well-Established Medical Use Products 191 8.13.2 Combination Products 191 8.13.3 Homeopathic Medicines 192 8.13.4 Traditional Herbal Medicines 192 8.13.5 US Regulation of OTC Drugs 193 8.14 Chapter Review 193 8.15 Further Reading 194 9 Medical Devices 195 9.1 Chapter Introduction 195 9.2 Regulatory Strategy for Medical Devices in the EU 195 9.2.1 Use of Standards to Establish Conformity 200 9.2.2 Classification of Devices 201 9.3 Regulatory Strategy for Medical Devices in the US 210 9.3.1 Classification of Devices 210 9.3.1.1 Class I 211 9.3.1.2 Class II 211 9.3.1.3 Class III 211 9.3.2 Classification of New Devices 212 9.4 Development of Devices 212 9.4.1 Design Controls 213 9.4.2 Design and Development Planning 214 9.4.3 Design Input 214 9.4.4 Design Output 216 9.4.5 Design Verification and Design Validation 216 9.4.6 Design Review 217 9.4.7 Risk Analysis 218 9.4.8 Design Changes 218 9.5 Chapter Review 218 9.6 Further Reading 219 10 Authorisation of Medical Devices 221 10.1 Chapter Introduction 221 10.2 Evaluation of Medical Devices in Europe 221 10.2.1 Clinical Evaluation 221 10.2.2 Clinical Investigations 222 10.2.3 Performance Evaluation of IVDs 225 10.2.4 Performance Studies of IVDs 225 10.3 Evaluation of Medical Devices in the US 226 10.3.1 Exempted Investigations 227 10.3.2 Abbreviated Requirement Investigations 227 10.3.3 IDE Investigations 227 10.3.4 Labelling of Devices for Investigational Use 229 10.4 Placing of Devices on the Market in the EU 230 10.4.1 Designation of Notified Bodies 230 10.4.2 Conformity Assessment Procedures 232 10.4.2.1 Conformity Assessment Based on a Quality Management System and Assessment of Technical Documentation 233 10.4.2.2 EU Type-Examination 235 10.4.2.3 Production Quality Assurance 235 10.4.2.4 EU Verification 235 10.4.2.5 EU (Self) Declaration of Conformity 236 10.4.3 Technical Documentation 236 10.4.4 Labelling Requirements 236 10.4.5 Registration of Economic Operators and Devices 238 10.5 Placing of Devices on the Market in the US 238 10.5.1 510(k) Pre-market Notification 239 10.5.2 Traditional 510(k) 239 10.5.3 Abbreviated 510(k) 239 10.5.4 Special 510(k) 239 10.5.5 De Novo 510(k) 240 10.5.6 Notification and Review Procedures 240 10.5.7 Pre-market Approval (PMA) 240 10.5.8 Changes to a PMA-Approved Device 241 10.5.9 Humanitarian Use Devices (HUDs) 243 10.5.10 Labelling of Devices 243 10.6 Chapter Review 243 10.7 Further Reading 244 11 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) 245 11.1 Chapter Introduction 245 11.2 Drug GMP Regulations and Guidance 245 11.3 Essential GMP Requirements 248 11.3.1 Quality Assurance System 248 11.3.2 Personnel 248 11.3.3 Premises and Equipment 249 11.3.4 Documentation 257 11.3.5 Production 257 11.3.6 Quality Control 258 11.3.7 Work Contracted Out 259 11.3.8 Complaints, Product Recall and Emergency Un-blinding 259 11.3.9 Self-inspection 259 11.4 Validation 260 11.4.1 Facilities and Equipment Validation 261 11.4.2 Process Validation 262 11.4.3 Computer Systems Validation 262 11.4.4 Methods Validation 265 11.4.5 Cleaning Validation 266 11.4.6 Validation of Sterilisation Procedures 267 11.4.7 Water Purification System Validation 268 11.5 GMP Requirements for Devices 268 11.6 Chapter Review 273 11.7 Further Reading 273 12 Oversight and Vigilance 275 12.1 Chapter Introduction 275 12.2 Registration of Manufacturers and Other Entities 275 12.3 Manufacturing Authorisation of Medicinal Products in the EU 275 12.3.1 Wholesale Distribution of Medicinal Products 276 12.3.2 Registration of Economic Operators for Medical Devices on the EU market 278 12.4 Registration of Producers of Drugs and Devices in the US 278 12.5 Additional Licensing Requirements 279 12.6 Inspections 279 12.6.1 Inspection Techniques 280 12.6.2 Audit Findings and Consequences 286 12.7 Market Vigilance and Oversight of Drugs 289 12.7.1 Pharmacovigilance in the EU 289 12.7.2 Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) and the EudraVigilance System 290 12.7.3 Pharmacovigilance and Marketing Authorisation Holders 293 12.7.4 Pharmacovigilance Inspections and Audits 294 12.7.5 Renewal of Marketing Authorisations 295 12.7.6 Pharmacovigilance and Reporting in the US 295 12.7.7 Periodic Reports 296 12.8 Advertising and Promotion 297 12.9 Market Vigilance and Oversight of Devices 298 12.9.1 Market Vigilance in the EU 298 12.9.2 Medical Device Vigilance in the US 299 12.9.3 Medical Device Reporting 299 12.9.4 Reports of Corrections and Removals 300 12.9.5 Post-market Surveillance 302 12.10 Chapter Review 303 12.11 Further Reading 303 Index 305

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Book SynopsisA review of innovative tools for creative nucleic acid chemists that open the door to novel probes and therapeutic agents Nucleic acids continue to gain importance as novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. With contributions from noted scientists and scholars, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practical reference that includes a wide range of approaches for the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives. The book covers enzymatic (including chemo-enzymatic) methods, with a focus on the synthesis and incorporation of modified nucleosides. The authors also offer a review of innovative approaches for the non-enzymatic chemical synthesis of nucleic acids and their analogs and derivatives, highlighting especially challenging species. The book offers a concise review of the methods that prepare novel and heavily modified polynucleotides in sufficient amount and purity for most clinical and research applications. This important book: -Presents a timely and topical guide to the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives -Addresses the growing market for nucleotide-derived pharmaceuticals used as anti-infectives and chemotherapeutic agents, as well as fungicides and other agrochemicals. -Covers novel methods and the most recent trends in the field -Contains contributions from an international panel of noted scientistics Written for biochemists, medicinal chemists, natural products chemists, organic chemists, and biotechnologists, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practice-oriented guide that reviews innovative methods for the enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acid species. Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleoside Analogues by Nucleoside Phosphorylases 1Sarah Kamel, Heba Yehia, Peter Neubauer, and AnkeWagner 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Nucleosides and Nucleoside Analogues 1 1.1.2 Enzymes Involved in the Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleoside Analogues 3 1.2 Nucleoside Phosphorylases 3 1.2.1 Classification and Substrate Spectra of Nucleoside Phosphorylases 3 1.2.1.1 Nucleoside Phosphorylase-I Family 4 1.2.1.2 Nucleoside Phosphorylase-II Family 6 1.2.2 Limitations in the Current Classification 7 1.2.3 Reaction Mechanism 8 1.2.4 Domain Structure and Active Site Residues of Nucleoside Phosphorylases 9 1.2.4.1 NP-I Family Members 9 1.2.4.2 NP-II FamilyMembers 10 1.3 Enzymatic Approaches to Produce Nucleoside Analogues Using Nucleoside Phosphorylases 11 1.3.1 One-pot Two-Step Transglycosylation Reaction 11 1.3.2 Pentofuranose-1-phosphate as Universal Glycosylating Substrate for Nucleoside Phosphorylase (NP) 12 1.3.2.1 Nucleoside Synthesis from Chemically Synthesized Pentose-1P 12 1.3.2.2 Nucleosides Synthesis from d-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 13 1.3.2.3 Nucleoside Synthesis from d-Pentose 13 1.3.2.4 Nucleoside Synthesis from Enzymatically Produced Pentose-1P 13 1.4 Approaches to Produce Nucleoside Analogues 14 1.4.1 Whole Cell Catalysis 14 1.4.2 Crude Enzyme Extract 15 1.4.3 Application of Purified Enzymes 15 1.4.3.1 Immobilized Enzymes 16 1.4.3.2 Enzyme Reactors 17 1.5 Upscaling Approaches for the Production of Nucleoside Analogues 18 1.6 Production of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds by Nucleoside Phosphorylases 18 1.7 Outlook for the Application of Nucleoside Phosphorylase in the Production of Nucleoside Analogues 19 References 20 2 Enzymatic Phosphorylation of Nucleosides 29Daniela Ubiali and Giovanna Speranza 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Nonspecific Acid Phosphatases (NSAPs) 30 2.3 Deoxyribonucleoside Kinases (dNKs) 33 2.4 Conclusion 37 References 37 3 Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives UsingWhole Cells 43Elizabeth S. Lewkowicz and AdolfoM. Iribarren 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Nucleoside Synthesis Mediated by Microbial Nucleoside Phosphorylases 45 3.3 Nucleoside Analogues Synthesis by the Combined Action of Microbial Nucleoside Phosphorylases and Other Enzymes 48 3.3.1 Nucleoside Phosphorylases Coupled to Deaminases 48 3.3.2 Nucleoside Phosphorylases Coupled to Phosphopentomutase 48 3.3.3 Nucleoside Phosphorylases Coupled to Phosphopentomutase and Other Enzymes 49 3.3.4 Nucleoside Phosphorylases Coupled to Other Enzymes 51 3.4 Chemoenzymatic Preparation of Nonconventional Nucleoside Analogues Involving Whole Cell Biocatalyzed Key Steps 51 3.4.1 l-Nucleosides 52 3.4.2 Carbocyclic Nucleosides 55 3.4.3 C-Nucleosides 56 3.5 Nucleoside Prodrugs Preparation by Whole Cell Systems 57 3.5.1 Acylnucleosides 57 3.5.2 Nucleoside Phosphates 59 3.6 Other Nucleoside Derivatives 61 3.6.1 NDP 61 3.6.2 NDP-sugar 61 3.7 Perspectives 65 References 65 4 Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives by Immobilized Cells 79Jorge A. Trelles, CintiaW. Rivero, Claudia N. Britos, and María J. Lapponi 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Nucleic Acid Derivatives 81 4.3 Whole Cell Immobilization: Generalities 85 4.4 Synthesis of Nucleosides by Immobilized Cells 86 4.4.1 Natural Nucleoside Synthesis 87 4.4.2 Nucleoside Analogues Synthesis 88 4.4.3 Nucleoside Analogues Derivatives Synthesis 92 4.5 Conclusion 98 References 98 5 Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives by Immobilized Enzymes 107Jesús Fernández-Lucas andMiguel Arroyo 5.1 Introduction 107 5.2 Immobilized Glycosyltransferases 108 5.2.1 Immobilized Nucleoside Phosphorylases 108 5.2.1.1 Stabilization of Nucleoside Phosphorylases by Immobilization 108 5.2.1.2 Synthesis of Nucleosides Catalyzed by Immobilized Nucleoside Phosphorylases 109 5.2.2 Immobilized Nucleoside 2′-Deoxyribosyltransferases 111 5.2.2.1 Stabilization of Nucleoside 2′-Deoxyribosyltransferases by Immobilization 113 5.2.2.2 Synthesis of Nucleosides Catalyzed by Immobilized 2′-Deoxyribosyltransferases 114 5.2.3 Immobilized Nucleobase Phosphoribosyltransferases 116 5.3 Immobilized Nucleoside Oxidase 117 5.4 Immobilized Hydrolases 118 5.4.1 Immobilized Lipases 118 5.4.2 Immobilized Proteases 120 5.4.3 Immobilized Esterases 121 5.4.4 Immobilized Deaminases 121 5.4.5 Immobilized S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolases 122 5.5 Immobilized Phosphopentomutases 122 5.6 Immobilized Deoxyribonucleoside Kinases 123 References 124 6 Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives by Multi-Enzymatic Systems 129Qingbao Ding 6.1 Multi-Enzymatic Systems in Biosynthesis 129 6.2 General Overview of Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives 131 6.3 Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleosides and Their Derivatives 132 6.3.1 Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleosides and Their Analogues by Nucleoside Phosphorylase 132 6.3.2 Transglycosylation Coupled with Xanthine Oxidase 134 6.3.3 Transglycosylation Reactions Coupled with Deamination 135 6.3.4 ADase in Combination with Lipase 136 6.3.5 Esterification of Nucleosides 138 6.3.6 Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of Fluorine Nucleosides 140 6.3.7 Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleosides via R5P 142 6.3.8 Other Reactions 144 6.4 Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleotides and Their Derivatives 145 6.4.1 Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of NMPs and dNMPs 146 6.4.2 Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of NTPs and dNTPs 147 6.4.3 Multi-Enzymatic Synthesis of NDP-Sugars and Other NDP Derivatives 148 6.5 Conclusion 150 References 151 7 Enzymatic Synthesis Using Polymerases of Modified Nucleic Acids and Genes 159Elena Eremeeva and Piet Herdewijn 7.1 Introduction 159 7.2 Types of XNA Biomolecules 161 7.3 Enzymatic Synthesis of XNA and DNA Polymerases 161 7.4 Base-Modified XNAs (Base-XNAs) 167 7.4.1 Nucleobase Analogues 167 7.4.1.1 Non-Canonical Nucleotides 167 7.4.1.2 Amino-acid-Like Groups 174 7.4.1.3 Functional Tags 176 7.4.2 Unnatural Base Pairs 177 7.4.2.1 Hydrogen-Bonding Base Pairs 177 7.4.2.2 Hydrophobic Base Pairs 179 7.5 Sugar-Modified XNAs (Sugar-XNAs) 180 7.5.1 Pentose-XNA 180 7.5.2 2′-Ribose-XNA 182 7.6 Phosphodiester Backbone-XNA 183 7.7 A Mirror-Image l-DNA 184 7.8 Conclusions 184 References 185 8 Synthetic Approaches to the Fleximer Class of Nucleosides – A Historic Perspective 195Therese C. Ku and Katherine Seley-Radtke 8.1 Distal Fleximers 198 8.1.1 Ribose Distal Fleximers 198 8.1.2 2′-Deoxyribose Distal Fleximers 201 8.1.3 2′-Modified Distal Fleximers 209 8.2 Proximal Fleximers 209 8.2.1 Ribose Proximal Fleximers 209 8.2.2 2′-Deoxyribose Proximal Fleximers 215 8.2.3 Carbocyclic Proximal Fleximers 216 8.2.4 Proximal Fleximers from Other Groups 218 8.3 “Reverse” Fleximers 222 8.4 Acyclic Fleximers 226 8.5 Conclusion 228 References 229 9 Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Carrying Nucleic Acid Derivatives of Biomedical and Structural Interest 237Ramon Eritja, Anna Aviñó, Carme Fàbrega, Adele Alagia, Andreia F. Jorge, and Santiago Grijalvo 9.1 Introduction 237 9.2 Oligonucleotides Carrying the DNA Lesion O6-Alkylguanine 238 9.3 The Effect of Chemical Modifications in Non-Canonical DNA Structures 240 9.3.1 Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotides 241 9.3.2 G-quadruplex-Forming Oligonucleotides 243 9.3.3 Oligonucleotides Forming i-Motif Structures 245 9.4 Modified siRNAs for Gene Silencing 246 9.4.1 Modifications of the 3′-Overhangs 246 9.4.2 Modifications of the 5′-End 249 References 251 10 Synthesis of Carbohydrate–Oligonucleotide Conjugates and Their Applications 259Juan C. Morales 10.1 Introduction 259 10.2 Synthesis of COCs 260 10.2.1 On-Support Synthesis 260 10.2.1.1 Phosphoramidite Chemistry 261 10.2.1.2 Derivatization of Nucleoside Base Residues 261 10.2.1.3 Oximation Chemistry 263 10.2.1.4 Amide Chemistry 263 10.2.1.5 Urea Chemistry 264 10.2.1.6 CuAAC Chemistry 264 10.2.2 Solution-Phase Conjugation 265 10.2.2.1 Disulfide Formation 265 10.2.2.2 Nucleophilic Addition on Unsaturated Carbon 265 10.2.2.3 Carbonyl Addition–Elimination Reaction 267 10.2.2.4 CuAAC Chemistry 267 10.2.2.5 Diazocoupling Reaction 267 10.2.2.6 Amide Bond Formation 267 10.2.2.7 Enzymatic Incorporation of Saccharides or Nucleotides 268 10.3 Synthesis of Glycocluster Oligonucleotides 268 10.3.1 dsDNA Scaffolds 269 10.3.2 Non-Canonical DNA Scaffolds (G4 and three-Way Junction) 269 10.3.3 Organic Spacer Scaffolds 270 10.3.4 Biomolecules as Scaffolds 271 10.4 Applications of COCs 273 10.4.1 Improving Cellular Uptake 273 10.4.2 Molecular Interactions Probes 279 10.4.3 Lectin Binding and Glycoarrays 280 10.5 Outlook 281 References 281 11 Advances in Light-Directed Synthesis of High-Density Microarrays and Extension to RNA and 2′F-ANA Chemistries 291Jory Lietard,Masad J. Damha, andMarkM. Somoza 11.1 Introduction 291 11.2 Phosphoramidite Chemistry Applied to the Photolithographic Synthesis of Microarrays 293 11.3 Recent Improvements in the Synthesis of DNA Microarrays 295 11.4 Synthesis of RNA Microarrays 300 11.5 Enzymatic Approaches to RNA Array Synthesis 305 11.6 Synthesis of 2′F-ANA Microarrays 306 11.7 Conclusion and Outlook 309 References 310 12 SAMHD1-Mediated Negative Regulation of Cellular dNTP Levels: HIV-1, Innate Immunity, and Cancers 313TatsuyaMaehigashi, Dong-Hyun Kim, Raymond F. Schinazi, and Baek Kim 12.1 Cellular dNTP Concentrations 313 12.2 SAMHD1 and Negative Regulation of Cellular dNTPs 314 12.3 SAMHD1 Substrates, Activators, and Inhibitors 316 12.4 SAMHD1 and HIV-1 Reverse Transcription 318 12.5 SAMHD1 Mutations and Innate Immunity 318 12.6 SAMHD1 and Cancers 321 12.7 Summary 321 Acknowledgment 322 References 322 Index 327

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Book SynopsisElprincipal objetivo durante la Tesis Doctoral es la formación investigadoraintensiva y la adquisición de pensamiento crítico independiente que permitaidentificar problemas y solucionarlos. He querido plasmar en estelibro mi opinión sobre el trabajo de los jóvenes investigadores durante larealización de su Tesis. Estoy seguro de que será de ayuda a todos los quequieran disfrutar del placer de investigar y sobre todo, a los que quierencomenzar o han comenzado ya su Tesis Doctoral. Conviene recordar que el doctorando tiene unos objetivos distintos a los de sujefe, pero complementarios. Quizás el objetivo principal es doctorarse, perohay unos objetivos secundarios no mucho menos importantes. Entre ellos, publicarlos resultados de nuestra investigación, aprender el mayor número posible detécnicas y métodos y sobre todo, aprender a utilizar la concentración, la intuicióny el sentido común, un sentido común que a priori todos los seres humanos tienen–aunque en algunos sea escaso–.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisTodd A. Finkle provides striking new insights into Warren Buffett’s career through the lens of entrepreneurship. This book demonstrates that although Buffett is thought of primarily as an investor, one of the secrets to his success has been running Berkshire as an entrepreneur.Trade ReviewTying together the wonderful history of Warren Buffett and Berkshire Hathaway with the evolution of modern finance is a remarkable feat. Todd A. Finkle has done just that with this readable, up-to-the-minute book. -- Adam J. Mead, author of The Complete Financial History of Berkshire Hathaway, CEO/chief investment officer, Mead Capital ManagementTodd Finkle has shared his insights into the important life and career of Warren Buffett—a visionary entrepreneur whose view of the world was influenced by his midwestern roots and early family life. We are grateful to Finkle for exploring this marvelous connection. -- Mark Pigott, executive chairman, PACCAR IncFinkle explains how Warren Buffett did it—and does it—in words that the average person (and the financial expert) can understand. It’s a biography with a bonus: details about Buffett’s ‘secret sauce,’ which, as he says, almost guarantees that you can get rich—slowly. -- Steve Jordon, author of The Oracle & Omaha: How Warren Buffett And His Hometown Shaped Each Other and former reporter and “Warren Watch” columnist, The Omaha World-HeraldFinkle’s portrait of Warren Buffett—as entrepreneur, investor, and businessperson—is a masterpiece. His book is a must-read for everyone interested in Warren Buffett’s life and way of thinking. -- Patrick Terrion, principal, Founders Capital ManagementTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPart I. Early Life1. Warren E. Buffett’s Background2. Early Influences, College, and Partnership Years3. Charlie MungerPart II. Buffett’s Secret Sauce4. Berkshire’s Value Investment Philosophy and Advice5. Berkshire’s Investment Methodology6. Case Studies: GEICO and Apple7. How to Make Better Investment DecisionsPart III. The History of Berkshire Hathaway8. Berkshire Hathaway: 1967–20099. Berkshire Hathaway: 2010–2020A New Decade for Berkshire10. Buffett’s Investing MistakesPart IV. Warren Buffett: The Person11. Shareholder Meetings, Life Advice, and Philanthropy12. A Day with Warren Buffett13. Berkshire Hathaway Looking ForwardAppendix 1. Berkshire Hathaway and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets: 2016–2021Appendix 2. Berkshire Hathaway and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income: 2016–2021Appendix 3. Berkshire Hathaway and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: 2016–2021Appendix 4. Question-and-Answer Sessions with Warren Buffett in 2009 and 2011NotesIndex

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Book SynopsisHome to the spicy Syrah, or Shiraz, and the floral Viognier grapes, the northern Rhone Valley is one of France's oldest wine-growing regions; its appellations include Hermitage, Cote-Rotie, Condrieu, Crozes-Hermitage, St-Joseph, and Chateau-Grillet. This book contains the secrets of the geology, vineyards, wines, and the growers of the region.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments / ix Author's Note / xiii Foreword, by Kermit Lynch / xv INTRODUCTION / 1 1 * COTE-ROTIE / 35 2 * CONDRIEU / 151 3 * CHATEAU-GRILLET / 224 4 * HERMITAGE / 234 5 * CROZES-HERMITAGE / 337 6 * ST-JOSEPH / 438 7 * CORNAS / 555 8 * ST-PERAY / 625 9 * REGIONAL WINES AND VINS DE PAYS / 658 Appendixes / 671 Glossary / 683 Index / 689

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Finalist for the PROSE Award in Biological Anthropology, Ancient History, and Archaeology, Association of American Publishers""I highly recommend this book to everybody interested in New World monkeys, be it scientists, students in all stages of their scientific training or informed laymen. I am convinced that the controversial issues raised in this book will stimulate further research, bringing the 'evolutionary odyssey' closer to a safe harbour of knowledge."---Eckhard W. Heymann, Primate Biology"[A] great primer for individuals who are new to primatology, but also a thought-provoking read for seasoned researchers who will benefit fromhis 'big picture' view of the platyrrhine radiation."---Leila M. Porter, The Quarterly Review of Biology"This is an admirable book, ready to be enjoyed by primate specialists and general readers alike."---Mark Terry, American Biology Teacher"Primatologists and biological anthropologists—whether just starting out or well into their careers—will have an interest in this work."---E.J. Sargis, CHOICE"[A] comprehensive and incredibly accessible book." * Inquisitive Biologist *

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Book SynopsisKnoll explores the deep history of life from its origins on a young planet to the incredible Cambrian explosion, with the very latest discoveries in paleontology integrated with emerging insights from molecular biology and earth system science. 100 illustrations.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2003 Book Award in Science, Phi Beta Kappa "A fascinating book... The catastrophic surface narrative of this impressive and intriguing book would surely have pleased Stephen Jay Gould; but I think its deterministic subtext would have pleased Charles Darwin still more."--Matt Cartmill, Times Literary Supplement "In a book so well written that nonspecialists and specialists alike will find much to savor, [Knoll] captures both the excitement of scientific discovery and the intricacies of scientific interpretation... Readers interested in substance will certainly not be disappointed."--Publishers Weekly "Andrew Knoll is an ideal guide through this early phase of life's history on the Earth... [O]ne of the strengths of Knoll's book is that it presents science as the open-ended endeavor that it is... Life on a Young Planet . .. expresses better than most the bumptious vitality and sheer fun of open-minded research."--Stefan Bengtson, Nature "Life on a Young Planet stands apart from it predecessors in two fundamental respects. First, Knoll is perhaps the most qualified person to write such an epic: a renaissance man whose text is filled with insightful quotes from authors ranging from Darwin to Dickins to Dyson... Second ... this book describes the coevolution of life on Earth as an integrated biochemical system that has profoundly and irrevocably changed over time."--Guy M. Narbonne, Science "A balanced, excellent account of current theories and discussions of the origin and early evolution of life... Knoll is able to convey difficult scientific issues with a minimum of jargon, using a brisk and witty prose... He is a gifted storyteller with a knack for choosing the right anecdote... A browse through Knoll's book will enlighten both the cognoscenti and those unfamiliar with the complexities of reading a fossil record... Knoll manages to present a multidisciplinary field in an interdisciplinary volume."--Antonio Lazcano, American Scientist "Knoll is well placed to tell this amazing story, and he does so with verve."--Douglas Palmer, New Scientist "A detective story to match the best crime fiction. It is told with verve."--Paul Nettleton, The Guardian "The author weaves a beautifully written, fascinating story of life's origin and development based on his extensive field studies and research in the most remote corners of the globe... This volume ... is a most valuable asset that should be read by scientists active in the field, by teachers and students who are interested in the most recent thoughts on the subject, and, in fact, by anyone who is interested in how life might have originated and evolved on this planet or on other similar planets in our Universe."--Nathan Dubowsky, Science Books & Films "This is not a textbook but rather a story, giving one person's view of how the jigsaw pieces fit together. It is written in flowing prose with many asides, personal anecdotes and explanations of what evidence there is and how it is used... [F]or ecologists the book has much to offer in putting the early evolution of life into perspective."--Bulletin of the British Ecological Society "[Knoll's] words have a poetic flavor and his deep interest in the study of life on earth flows out of them, carrying readers along whole maintaining a rigorous discourse. Knoll's book will appeal to anyone interested in the evolution of life on Earth."--Choice "In this wonderful book ... Knoll's extensive field experience and eagerness to share data and ideas with colleagues enable him to reconstruct responsibly the broad evolutionary scenario yet to remain close to the evidence."--Lynn Margulis, Times Higher Education SupplementTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Preface to the New Paperback Edition xi Prologue 1 Chapter 1. In the Beginning? 6 Chapter 2. The Tree of Life 16 Chapter 3. Life's Signature in Ancient Rocks 32 Chapter 4. The Earliest Glimmers of Life 50 Chapter 5. The Emergence of Life 72 Chapter 6. The Oxygen Revolution 89 Chapter 7. The Cyanobacteria, Life's Microbial Heroes 108 Chapter 8. The Origins of Eukaryotic Cells 122 Chapter 9. Fossils of Early Eukaryotes 139 Chapter 10. Animals Take the Stage 161 Chapter 11. Cambrian Redux 179 Chapter 12. Dynamic Earth, Permissive Ecology 206 Chapter 13. Paleontology ad Astra 225 Epilogue 243 Further Reading 247 Index 269

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Book SynopsisAn essential introduction to the philosophy of biologyThis is a concise, comprehensive, and accessible introduction to the philosophy of biology written by a leading authority on the subject. Geared to philosophers, biologists, and students of both, the book provides sophisticated and innovative coverage of the central topics and many of the latest developments in the field. Emphasizing connections between biological theories and other areas of philosophy, and carefully explaining both philosophical and biological terms, Peter Godfrey-Smith discusses the relation between philosophy and science; examines the role of laws, mechanistic explanation, and idealized models in biological theories; describes evolution by natural selection; and assesses attempts to extend Darwin''s mechanism to explain changes in ideas, culture, and other phenomena. Further topics include functions and teleology, individuality and organisms, species, the tree of life, and human nature. The bookTrade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2014 "Tracing the history of the great debates and ideas that punctuated this specialty, Peter Godfrey-Smith offers a clear and accessible introduction, which extends to the review of its current key issues. This book will interest course philosophers and biologists, but also sociologists and psychologists, as the issues come from classic biology and philosophy."--Romaric Jannel, Liens Socio "Peter Godfrey-Smith's Philosophy of Biology ... [is] a great way to get up to speed on all the issues that working biologists love to debate amongst themselves... [N]on-specialists should not be put off. Godfrey-Smith's style is engaging, almost conversational."--John Farrell, Forbes.com "Here, Godfrey-Smith, a prominent and prolific scholar working in the field, delivers an elegant and stimulating analysis of key areas in the life sciences where conceptual questions arise regularly... Godfrey-Smith provides an exemplar of expositional clarity and philosophical insight for those who would imitate his approach in these domains."--Choice "[O]ne of the very best textbooks in its field."--Brian Garvey, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews "[A]lthough it is too brief to be the only text for any course, it would be a perfect addition to or foundation for the reading list for many. And no practicing biologist who reads it is likely to think her time was wasted."--W. Ford Doolittle, Current Biology "Philosophy of Biology can be recommended mainly as an excellent resource for teachers. They will find an up to date overview of important topics and can rely on the further reading sections to supplement this volume with additional material."--Christina Behme, Metapsychology "Philosophy of Biology is a valuable addition to the introductions already out there, and one that stands out in many ways."--Joeri Witteveen, History and Philosophy of Life SciencesTable of ContentsPreface ix CHAPTER ONE Philosophy and Biology 1 CHAPTER TWO Laws, Mechanisms, and Models 11 CHAPTER THREE Evolution and Natural Selection 28 CHAPTER FOUR Adaptation, Construction, Function 50 CHAPTER FIVE Individuals 66 CHAPTER SIX Genes 81 CHAPTER SEVEN Species and the Tree of Life 100 CHAPTER EIGHT Evolution and Social Behavior 120 CHAPTER NINE Information 144 References 159 Index 179

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the PROSE Award in Biological Sciences, Association of American Publishers""It is said that science is a process, not just a collection of data, and Tschinkel’s book is a highly entertaining expression of that truism as well as 'the enormous effort it takes to establish a few simple scientific facts.'"---Laurence A. Marschall, Natural History"This beautifully illustrated, very well-written, and sometimes humorous account of Tschinkel's research life and investigations is well worth a look."---J. M. Gonzalez, Choice"This is an excellent popular science book and I recommend it highly to biologists of all ages and all levels of experience. Ingenious and enjoyable!"---Andrew Wakeham-Dawson, Entomologists Monthly Magazine"I would recommend this book to all scientists, but especially to young people, even high school students, as a guide to scientific thinking. Lessons abound."---John Longino, American Entomologist"Absent Prof. Tschinkel’s castings, appreciation of the complexity and true magnificence of the structures created by ants would be very difficult indeed for even an expert. Which is why we are so fortunate that he has pioneered this technique that he shares with his reader in Ant Architecture, enabling us all to obtain a better understanding of both the structures ants create as well as the lives they live within them."---Johannes E. Riutta, The Well-Read Naturalist

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Finalist for the PROSE Award in Biomedicine, Association of American Publishers""[A] vivid tale." * New Scientist *"Humphries has woven together strands of experimental results and theoretical insights to compose a book that is engrossing, excites the imagination, beautifully encapsulates contemporary neuroscience in a light and breezy package, and points the way to future discovery."---Sean Noah, Knowing Neurons"A thorough and interesting description of what we know and don't know about neural spikes, as well as why they matter."---R. Forbes-Lorman, Choice

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"One of ESSENCE'S 55 New Books We Can't Wait to Read""A New Yorker Best Book of the Year""A Book Riot Best Biography of the Year""A book that pulls you along like an open bag of potato chips; for the first 100 or so pages, I could barely put it down."---John McWhorter, New York Times"Drawing on Dunbar’s sizable correspondence with friends, family, and benefactors, Jarrett illustrates his struggle to reconcile his professional success with a sense of himself as a failure—an errant husband, an alcoholic, and, above all, a Black artist who couldn’t liberate his community from racial stereotypes." * The New Yorker *"A raw, unadulterated portrait of the writer’s short yet full life. . . . It offers immense detail and newly discovered information."---Vesper North, Los Angeles Review of Books"A meticulously crafted biography. . . . [A] thorough and eminently readable account of Black genius."---Omari Weekes, Vulture"Fascinating and beautifully written. . . . It’s an intimate portrait of a complex and complicated literary figure who deserves more recognition."---Keisha N. Blain, Politico"A pioneering Black poet battles racism and his inner demons in this incisive biography. . . . Jarrett situates his analysis of Dunbar’s ambitious, sometimes prickly intellect innan insightful, vividly written portrait of Black political and literary culture at the turn of the 20th century, and probes his subject’s alcoholism, gambling, and violent tendencies. The result is a fascinating exploration of Black creativity wrestling with social constraints and personal failings." * Publishers Weekly *"A detailed, empathetic biography. . . . Jarrett offers astute readings of all of Dunbar’s works. . . . Impressive research." * Kirkus Reviews starred review *"This is one of those classic biographies that I think readers will just love diving into. Rich in detail and nuance, it drops readers into Dunbar’s life and times, offering a fascinating look at both the literary and personal life of this great American poet." * Book Riot *"This new biography does a thorough and compelling job in telling the story of a remarkable and partially tragic life."---David Mehegan, Arts Fuse"We are indebted to Jarrett for elevating Dunbar’s voice back to the place of prominence it should hold in literary history." * The American *"[A] definitive biography. . . .Indispensable and judicious."---Douglas A. Jones Jr, Times Literary Supplement"Magnificent. . . . [Paul Laurence Dunbar] should be praised not just for the work that it is, but for the work that it will usher in. [Jarrett] has cleared the path for Dunbar scholarship."---Jamie Fenton, American Nineteenth Century History"Jarrett has contributed significantly to African American literary studies with this meticulous account of the writer’s life. . . . Scholars will continue to learn from Jarrett’s authoritative biography of Dunbar for decades to come."---Nadia Nurhussein, American Literary History

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Book SynopsisTheodor, University of Calgary; Mark D. Uhen, Cranbrook Institute of Science; Inessa Vislobokova, Russian Academy of SciencesTrade ReviewScientifically detailed and professionally produced... Highly recommended. Choice 2008 A solid and valuable resource. -- Maureen A. O'Leary Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2008 Without a doubt, for anyone working on artiodactyls this is an essential reference. This is the most up to date collection of work on fossil artiodactyls, including those outside North America, published in decades. -- B.L. Beatty PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 2009Table of ContentsAcknoledgmentsList of Contributors1. Introduction2. Molecular Phylogeny of Terrestrial Artiodactyls: Conflicts and Resolution3. Phylogenetic Relationships of Cetacceans to Terrestrial Artiodactyls4. The Earliest Artiodactyls: Diacodexeidae, Dichobunidae, Homacodontidae, Leptochoeridae, and Raoellidae5. Endemic European Paleogene Artiodactyls: Cebochoeridae, Choeropotamidae, Mixtotheriidae, Cainotheriidae, Anoplptheriidae, Xiphontidae, and Amphimerycidae6. Family Helohyidae7. Family Anthracotheriidae8. Family Hippopotamidae9. Family Entelodontidae10. Superfamily Suoidae11. Family Agriochoeridae12. Family Agriochoeridae12. Family Merycoidodontidae13. Family Protoceratidae14. Family Camelidae15. Basal Ruminants16. Family Tragulidae17. Family Moschidae18. Family Antilocapridae19. Family Paleopmerycidae20. Family Cervidae21. Family Giraffidae22. Family Bovidae23. Artiodactyl Paleoecology and Evolutionary Trends24. SummaryReferences Index

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Book SynopsisIt is a must-have reference for biologists, psychologists, neuroscientists, and readers interested in animal behavior, ecology, and evolution.Trade ReviewDoty shakes up the field by challenging the sloppy research that some pheromone claims are based on. Australian Science 2010 A very thorough review of the literature on presumed mammalian pheromones. PsycCRITIQUES 2010 In this book, he brings together a wide-ranging and extensive literature to conclusively make his point. Along the way, he presents a fascinating tour of the diversity and complexity of chemical communication in mammals. Choice 2010 More than a survey of pheromones, this considers the entire perspective of chemical effects on behavior and is a pick for any college-level health collection. Midwest Book Review 2010 If this book were just a critique of mammalian pheromones, it would be a valuable contribution. It, however, goes further showing us how the pheromone concept has blinded us to the complex and multimodal character of olfactory phenomena and perception. American Journal of Human Biology 2010 The Great Pheromone Myth is a lovely mural of important developmental questions and phenomena.The book is also an excellent guide to a field of inquiry, a conceptual framework, and an admirable product of scholarship. It offers much to professionals and advanced students in wide range of sensory, behavioral, ecological, physiological, and even clinical fields. Developmental Psychobiology 2010 This is an important book as it challenges simplistic thinking by forensically and systematically dissecting studies that purport to adduce the evidence for mammalian pheromones... The Great Pheromone Myth will undoubtedly engender considerable debate, a debate that is long overdue. The Biologist 2010 When you read this book you are very likely to experience a shift from frustration to enlightenment. Far from thwarting your path to knowledge, Doty will remove some much neglected clutter and smooth the way to new understanding. ChemoSense 2011Table of ContentsPreface1. Introduction2. What Is a Mammalian Pheromone?3. Mammals Are Not Insects4. Scent Marking5. The Elusive SnarksCase Studies of Nonhuman Mammalian: "Releasing" Pheromones6. The Elusive SnarksCase Studies of Nonhuman Mammalian: "Priming" Pheromones7. Human Pheromones8. ImplicationsNotesReferencesName IndexSubject Index

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Book SynopsisPiecing together evidence from both molecular biology and the fossil record, Archibald shows how science is edging closer to understanding exactly what happened during the mass extinctions near the K/T boundary and the radiation that followed.Trade ReviewHighly recommended. Choice A learned essay, written clearly and attractively for students and the public. -- Michael J. Benton Cambridge Archaeological Journal What makes Archibald's book a highly recommendable example of the scientific process is that the author carefully lays out all the paleontological evidence available to him and uses that evidence to evaluate the many possible explanations of the extinction, discussing the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of each explanation in the process. Reports of the National Center for Science Education This is a learned essay, written clearly and attractively for students and the public. -- Michael J. Benton Geological Magazine An excellent compendium of the current state of paleontological knowledge about the contemporaneous histories of these two groups. -- Mark A. McPeek Quarterly Review of Biology A highly recommendable example of the scientific process is that the author carefully lays out all the paleontological evidence available to him and uses that evidence to evaluate the many possible explanations of the extinction. -- P David Polly Reports of the National Center for Science Education The book itself is a handsome quarto volume illustrated by good drawings and graphs. It will be most useful to paleontologists, evolutionary biologists and biogeographers. It will stand as a good example of what can be accomplished in academia. Priscum, Newsletter of the Paleontological Society Books like Extinction and Radiation enable interested members of the general public to share in the excitement of the arugment. -- Nicholas Gould International Zoo News This volume is logically organized, easily readable, and a noteworthy synthesis of the current state of our knowledge of the disappearance of nonavian dinosaurs and mammalian radiation. It is a useful reference from an acknowledged authority in the field and valuable for students, teachers, scientists, and all people interested in the evolution and fate of our planet and its biodiversity. Journal of MammalogyTable of ContentsPreface1. The Late Cretaceous Nonavian Dinosaur Record2. In the Shadow of Nonavian Dinosaurs3. In Search of Our Most Ancient Eutherian Ancestors4. Patterns of Extinction at the K/ T Boundary5. Causes of Extinction at the K/ T Boundary6. After the Impact: Modern Mammals, When and WhenceEpilogueNotesReferencesIndex

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