Biochemistry Books

Book SynopsisCellulose is the principal constituent of all plant life; it is the most abundant, important and fascinating biopolymer on earth. Cellulose, as an almost inexhaustible, environmentally benign and renewable material, has stimulated basic and applied research as well as inspired significant progress in Polymer Science. In recent years, cellulose has gained renewed importance as a raw material. Although ground breaking research is carried out on cellulose, it still possesses high potential for future applications; it can be easily modified to more natural and sustainable alternatives compared to synthetic products by certain techniques. The present book reviews some vital issues and topics on the latest science and technological advances in cellulose and its derivatives. This catalog acts as an essential source of information to readers in the exploration for possible applications of cellulose and its derivatives. The authors hope this collection will spark a generation of new ideas for product development. The present book contains 25 invited contributions written by leading experts in the field of cellulose and cellulose derivatives. It is divided into three parts: Part I, Cellulose Synthesis and Modification; Part II, Cellulose Derivatives; and Part III, Applications of Cellulose Derivatives. Highlights of this book include the mechanism of cellulose formation in biosynthetical processes; surface modification and functionalisation of cellulose fibers; advances in the homogenous and heterogeneous phase modification of cellulose to create unusual and functional derivatives; analysis and characterisation of modified derivatives; derivatives for antimicrobial, medical and pharmaceutical applications, and wastewater treatment; dendronised and hyperbranched cellulose derivatives; and rheology of nanocellulosic systems.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the current advances on the functional role of molecular chaperones in protozoan''s mechanisms of response to stressful conditions, as well as an overview of studies focusing on molecular chaperones as potential targets for designing novel anti-parasitic drugs, are examined. In the second chapter, the current progress regarding the structure-function relationship as well as its association with the chaperone-like activity of the mammalian PDIA1/P4HB protein are discussed. The final chapter focuses on the cytoplasmic and nuclear functions of URI/Bud27 in different organisms.

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Book SynopsisCellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer. Recently, modified cellulose has been used as a reinforcement for various composites. Cellulose composite and modified cellulose are attractive because of their excellent mechanical and thermal performance. Furthermore, these are fully biodegradable in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Researchers all over the world are working on reinforcing cellulosic materials, with a goal to increase the number of uses of cellulose composites and modified cellulose. This book reviews some vital issues and topics on the latest scientific and technological advances in cellulose composites and modified cellulose. There are few books available on these topics. This book contains 20 invited contributions, written by renowned experts from many countries. Each chapter focuses on issues related to the use of cellulose composites and modified celluloses. This book thus demonstrates the real potential of these materials to be useful in different products and industries. Highlights of the book include the cellulose modification for smart material and medical applications, functional finishing of textiles, new cellulose-derivative plastic films, cellulose-based composites (such as thermoplastic composites, smart cellulose composites, composites for building and household materials), smart applications of cellulose-based materials in tissue engineering, digital dyeing and wrapping materials. There are also special sections on Bayesian statistics in interpreting wood pyrolysis and techniques in developing value-added products from cellulosic biomass. Thus, this book, covering the vital issues and topics of cellulose, its modifications and uses, should be attractive and supportive to scientists, product designers, polymer engineers and other academic processionals.

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Book SynopsisAlpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has many applications across various disciplines. This oncofetal protein is routinely used by clinicians for antenatal testing as well for the screening and treatment monitoring of certain malignances. Innovative research using AFP has also been very promising. Recent developments include the use of AFP or its recombinant fragments for drug delivery to cancer cells, as well as for the engineering of cancer vaccines and T cell immunotherapies. The anti-estrogenic potential of AFP has also been utilised to develop drugs directed against estrogen receptor positive malignancies. This book is divided into five sections. In Section One, the history of AFP is recollected, and the role of AFP in normal and pathological conditions is explored. Section Two and Three focus on the utility of AFP during pregnancy. In Section Two, the use of routine maternal serum AFP screening for detection of chromosomal aneuploidies and neural tube defects in normal pregnancies and pregnancies with pre-existing disease is discussed; the potential use of AFP for the detection of preeclampsia is also reviewed. Section Three explores the pathogenesis and data linking unexplained elevations of AFP to adverse obstetrical outcomes. Section Four presents chapters that discuss AFP ligand binding, receptor targeting, and drug delivery strategies. Finally, Section Five serves to explain the regulatory roles of AFP, its use in immunotherapy, and in the development of cancer vaccines. The aim of this book is to bring together some of the great research and clinical insights that currently surround AFP. The target audiences for this book are basic science researchers as well as clinicians.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides research summaries from a number of different focuses in the field of biochemistry research.

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Book SynopsisLignocellulosic biomass conversion to fuel is the only sustainable way to meet the current and future energy demands, at least in displacing a substantial amount of liquid transportation fuel, and curb detrimental effects of greenhouse gas emissions. Various routes and processes to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fuels, chemicals, and bio-based materials have been developed in the last couple of decades. This book contains eleven chapters that intend to provide readers with updates on these various processes and routes to produce fuels and chemicals using lignocellulosic biomass. In addition, it covers the past and current developments on biomass logistics, analytical tools applied to characterise lignocellulosic biomass, environmental aspects and engine performance of various fuels, as well as techno-economical aspects of lignocellulosic biomass refinery. The following list summarises the topics covered in this book: The past and current developments on biomass valorisation in biochemical platforms; Developments in thermochemical conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals including gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal treatment; Heterogeneous catalysts application in low to high temperature conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals; Pathways of lignin valorisation to fuels and chemicals; Production methods and the physicochemical properties of nanocelluloses; The environmental impacts and engine performances of various bio-fuels; Biomass logistics and their impact on bioenergy applications; Anaerobic conversion of biomass to biogas and impacts of co-digestion on biogas yields and quality.

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Book SynopsisThe Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine was established in 2010 on the basis of the well-known Ivane Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, the most prominent research centre of Georgia, where basic and applied research in different fields of neurophysiology has been conducted since its foundation. Professor Ivane Beritashvili was a famous Georgian scientist who gained international recognition during his lifetime. He was one of the founders and members of the Georgian Academy of Sciences and a member of three academies of sciences of the former Soviet Union. He was an honorary member of the New York Academy of Sciences, the American Society of Electroencephalography, the Royal Society of England, the American Society of Biological Psychiatry, and an honorary member of the International Brain Research Organization. He was an honoured scientist of Georgia, a laureate of the State Prize, and a recipient of many orders and medals. Ivane Beritashvili is remembered in history as a person who founded the Department of Physiology at the newly opened Tbilisi State University. He developed physiological terminology in Georgian, wrote a textbook of physiology in Georgian for the students of the university, raised successful scientists from the first generation of his students, and founded the Georgian School of Physiology. In 1935, he founded the Institute of Physiology in Tbilisi, which soon gained recognition and became well-respected by a wide range of foreign scientists who often visited Georgia. In 2010, three scientific institutions were merged with the Ivane Beritashvili Institute of Physiology -- the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, the Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Ecology and the Center of Experimental Neurology, the first two of which, for many years, were the departments of the Institute of Physiology. This edited book is the third such compilation containing chapters that represent the research priorities of the Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, which covers the experimental study of fundamental issues in the functioning of physiological (mainly neurophysiological) mechanisms during normal and pathological conditions. The first and second books: "Systemic, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Physiological Functions and Their Disorders" -- published by Nova Science Publishers Inc. in 2015 and 2018, were also devoted to the same general problems. In the present edited book, particular attention is drawn to the study of extremely important processes underlying the basic mechanisms and disorders of various phenomenon of integrative activity of the brain: general behaviIt has to be noted that each chapter, within the collection of works, represents the results of separate, independent studies implemented by different scientific departments of the centre. or, learning and memory, the sleep-wakefulness cycle, regulation of adequate blood supply, hormesis, epilepsy, depression, sleep disorders, pain and analgesia. All of the mentioned processes are studied on the molecular, cellular and systemic levels of their organization. Therefore, the chapters are not directly related to each other and have been arranged alphabetically based on the surname of the authors. The authors would like to take this opportunity to present to the reader the scientific and institutional infrastructure of the centre, which consists of departments and laboratories. Nowadays the center consists of seven departments: Neurophysiology, Membranology, Biochemistry, Blood Circulation and Metabolism, Neurotoxicology, Membranology, Biophysics and Radiobiology and nine laboratories: Neurobiology of Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle, Vision Physiology, Behavior and Cognitive Functions, Brain Ultra- and Nano-Architectonics, Experimental Neurology, Pain and Analgesia, Structure and Functions of Genomes, Bioinformatics, and the Problems of Radiation Safety. In addition to the bilateral scientific cooperation with famous European and U.S. scientific institutions, the centre is a member of the International Science Consortium "From Molecule to Cellular Events in Human Pathologies", the annual meeting of which was held in Tbilisi in 2015. The authors are confident that the readers are fully aware of the theoretical and practical importance of the research related to the problems of systemic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of physiological functions and their disorders. The presented collection of works contains the results of relevant research conducted over the last three years (2019-2021). The authors will be grateful for feedback, recommendations and suggestions regarding their research, in the implementation of which they have invested a lot of effort, knowledge and experience.Table of ContentsPreface; Electromagnetic Stimulation Affects Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal Axis to Restore Blood Content in Depressed Rats; Radiobiological Aspects of Secondary Metabolism Research; The Problem of Lead 210Pb in the Manifestation of the Effects of Radon Exposure on Living Organisms: A Conceptual Analysis; Endogenous Opioid and Cannabinoid System Contribute to NSAIDs-Induced Antinociception: I. Anterior Cingulate Cortex; Dual-Task Coordination in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); Neurophysiological Features of Perception and Processing of Visual Information in Right and Left-Handed People (Age Aspect); Biomimetics Made of α-Amino Acids for Biomedical Use; Description of Similar and Non-similar Rheological Properties during So-Called COVID Toes and Raynauds Phenomenon and Explanation with Mathematical Estimation of Comparison; The Main Mechanisms of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation; Sleep Research Achievements in Georgia Rethinking and Overview of Some Early Significant Facts; About the Neurophysiological Mechanisms for Anti-Anxiety and Sleepiness-Producing Effects of Some Benzodiazepine Drugs; Neocortical Modulation of Experimental Pain; Behavior and Neurochemical Parameters of the Brain Structures in Aggressive and Non-Aggressive Rats as the Predictors of Animal Hierarchical Rank; Space-Time Clustering of Childhood Leukemia in Tbilisi City; TRPA1 Channel is Involved in Non-Histaminergic Itch-Related Thermal and Mechanical Hyperalgesia; Endogenous Opioid and Cannabinoid Systems Contribute to NSAIDs-Induced Antinociception: II. Agranular Insular Cortex; Endogenous Opioid and Cannabinoid Systems Contribute to NSAIDs-Induced Antinociception: III. Central Nucleus of Amygdala; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, two of the primary sources of flavonoids, ie: plants and fruits (oranges to be specific) are comprehensively reviewed, along with their flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (including action against COVID-19) and toxicity. Besides, a general overview of the analytical techniques for flavonoids determination in their natural sources is provided. Finally, a detailed description of flow techniques and their evolution, together with their role in the automation of the sample pre-treatment and its combination with separation techniques, is also included.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a multi-disciplinary group of educators, researchers and medical doctors, gathers a timely review on the effects of mineral waters upon several aspects of human biology and pathophysiology, as it gives an overview of how mineral waters may provide a positive impact on different settings, namely health promotion and disease prevention as well as rehabilitation and therapy. A major advantage of this book is the gathering of up-to-date information on the benefits, and associated mechanisms, of mineral waters through different routes of internal and external exposure. Concepts and classifications of mineral waters are disclosed. The relevance of spa therapies in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, otorhinolaryngology, rheumatic diseases and dermatology is addressed. The mitigation of diet-induced acid load by mineral waters consumption and its relevance for bone health is discussed. The importance of mineral waters consumption against metabolic dysfunction through gut microbiota modulation is argued. Modulation of membrane transporters by mineral water is reviewed. Mineral Water: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications aims to target health professionals (medical doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, nutritionists and dietitians), educators and students (in the aforementioned subject areas) as well as health science researchers (biochemists, biologists and pharmacists), beverage companies and policymakers.Table of ContentsForeword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Natural Mineral Waters: Concept and Classifications; Clinical and Immunological Effects of Inhaled Thermal Waters in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Thermal Waters in Otorhinolaryngology; SPA Therapies and Rheumatic Diseases; Mineral Water Consumption and Diet-Induced Acid Load: Putative Relevance for Bone Health; Mineral Waters in Dermatology; Water A New Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic Agent Against Metabolic Dysfunction Through Gut Microbiota Modulation?; Influence of Mineral Waters Upon Membrane Transporters; About the Editor; List of Contributors; Index.

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Book SynopsisCircadian rhythm is the mechanism for measuring time by organisms in units of around 24 hours. Almost every organism has the ability to predict daily events such as sunrise and sunset, which is essential for their optimal survival strategies. Circadian rhythms persist even in the absence of time cues and ensure that behavioral, physiological and metabolic processes align with changing environmental conditions. Most organisms, irrespective of whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have evolved certain mechanisms to sense their external environment in order to prepare a biological response. Often, these biological responses result in changes in physiology and biochemistry of organisms for the optimization of their survival. There is no unified mechanism among organisms by which sensory environment can be applied to control their lifespan. In humans, disruptions of the circadian rhythm may have an increased risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as cancer, diabetes, etc. This book encompasses the most recent knowledge and modern trends in the field of circadian rhythms research. It is also expected to provide a must-read guide for beginners as well as advanced researchers in this field of study. Undergraduate, post-graduate and research scholars of several disciplines such as chemistry, botany, microbiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, bioinformatics, life sciences and bionanotechnology will benefit from this book.Table of ContentsPreface; Circadian Rhythms: An Introduction; Molecular Mechanisms and Importance of Circadian Rhythms in Microorganisms; Cyanobacterial Endogenous Clock: Molecular Mechanisms and Ecological Adaptations; Plant Circadian Rhythm: A Biological Clock as Developmental and Metabolic Regulator; Circadian Clock: Photic Regulation and Its Disruption on Health; Circadian Phase Shifting of Wheel Running and Modulation of Spike Activity in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus by Neuropeptide Y; The Role of Circadian Rhythms Disturbances in the Pathophysiology and Clinical Expression of Affective Disorders; Insights Into Circadian Modulation of Innate Immunity: The Role of Melatonin and Proenkephalin-derived Opioid Peptides; Features of Circadian Rhythms of Heart Rate Variability, Arterial Stiffness and Outpatient Monitoring of Blood Pressure in Diabetes Mellitus: Data, Mechanisms and Consequences; About the Editor; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis scientific book is about the toxic effects of carbamates, which have a functional carbonyl group, and how these effects can be eliminated. It is aimed to provide knowledge to all scientists related to this field. Although carbamates are generally considered to be pesticides, significant amounts of carbamates are used as medicine. This book contains eight chapters that examine carbamates from a variety of perspectives, including the latest research in this field. Chapter One comprehensively studies the chemical structure of carbamates used as drugs and the poisoning of carbamates. Chapter Two discusses how to develop cheap and efficient modes of remediation from the environment. Chapter Three highlights the important role of microorganisms in the degradation of carbamates. Chapter Four focuses on especially biodeterioration of carbamates by fungi. Chapter Five examines the probiotic microorganisms as detoxification tools in the degradation and transformation of carbamates. Chapter Six reviews the genetic risk that may occur as a result of exposure to carbamate pesticides in living things. Chapter Seven explains the genetic biomarkers that help determine the management of chronic pesticide toxicity by determining different gene polymorphisms in agricultural workers as a result of long-term contact with carbamates. Chapter Eight thoroughly studies the clinical information about intoxication that may arise as a result of carbamate group exposure.

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Book SynopsisLipidomics is one of the emerging ‘omics’ techniques with growing importance in bioscience. Discussing interesting standard and non-standard techniques relevant to the measurement and analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry, this book will provide a guide to the possibilities of the techniques. It will introduce the reader to exciting new methods that allow isomer differentiation, improve sensitivity, allow spatial location and go beyond annotation of simply matching a mass to a database entry. The book is written and edited by the some of the world leaders in the field of lipid mass spectrometry and will have international appeal in industry and academia for analytical chemists, biochemists and biotechnologists. Furthermore, it will provide a useful resource for anyone interested in lipid structure characterization particularly for graduates and postgraduates who require a starting point for their projects.Trade ReviewIt does present a crisp overview of the main analytical techniques and emerging fields such as ion-mobility and imaging mass spectrometry of lipids, written by experts in the field. The book mainly focuses on emerging technologies and the presented chapters are of high quality. -- Matin Giera * Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry *Table of ContentsLipidomics Basics; Multivariate Statistics in Lipidomics; Low-Flow Rate Separations of Lipids; Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for Lipid Analysis; Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Lipids; Derivatisation for Direct Infusion - and Liquid Chromatrography - Mass Spectrometry; Unsaturated Lipid Analysis via Coupling the Paternò–Büchi Reaction with ESI-MS/MS; Conventional and Current Methods for the Analysis of Hydroxy Fatty Acids; Mass Spectrometry of Lipid Vitamins; New Scans and Resources in Lipidomics

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Book SynopsisPractising evidence-based medicine necessarily depends on the clinician having access to the best evidence available, but in a fast-moving field, keeping up to date with the latest developments is a challenging prospect. In this new volume, leading experts focus on the most important clinical issues associated with the management of Lipid Disorders, evaluating and interpreting the evidence available to provide the reader with a reliable summary of our current knowledge. Topics covered include therapeutic strategies for managing hereditary lipid disorders, including familial hypercholesterolaemia, both in adults and children, and familial combined hypercholesterolaemia. The authors also evaluate the evidence for a link between inflammatory disease and cardiovascular risk; the metabolic syndrome and the interconnections between dyslipidaemias and diabetes. They also look at therapeutic challenges such as the management of patients who are statin resistant, and the control of lipid levels in those suffering renal insufficiency. Tables highlight important data, evidence from trial results and expert reports, and each section concludes with a series of Key Points that present a summary of evidence-based recommendations for best practice, graded according to the quality of that evidence. The book provides the busy clinician with a unique analysis of the data supporting current therapies and will help the reader formulate effective strategies for treating their own patients.Table of ContentsLipoprotein metabolism: what do we know now?; The epidemiological aspects of lipid and lipoprotein levels in relation to cardiovascular diseases; Are lifestyle modifications a successful means for controlling lipid levels in the long run?; What are the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for hereditary hypo-and hypercholesterolaemia?; Does raising HDL protect against atherosclerosis?; How do we diagnose hypertriglyceridaemia in clinical practice and what are the consequences for treatment?; What is the optimal treatment of familial combined hypercholesterolaemia?; How should we manage lipid and lipoprotein disorders in children?; What is the role of dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus?; What are the consequences of renal insufficiency or the nephrotic syndrome for lipid levels?; Is there a link between chronic inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular risk?; What is the evidence for a physiological and pathogenic role of lipoprotein (a)?; How do we identify and treat sitosterolaemia?; How can we deal with inborn errors in cholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis?; Differential diagnosis of patients with tendon xanthomas; When should we fear for statin interactions?; What are the considerations in patients who are statin resistant?

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive treatise by international authorities will provide a major reference for all those interested in different aspects of magnesium. The last magnesium congress held in Romania gave the opportunity for extensive discussions and interchange of information between researchers from all over the world.

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Book SynopsisPresented in an easy to follow manner, this title proves useful to layman and professionals alike.

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Book SynopsisThis work addresses the question of why minerals form in a large variety of organisms, from bacteria to man. The authors discuss the basic principles of mineral formation by organisms, and compare the various mineralization processes.Trade Review`The authors are to be congratulated on the hard work which has gone into a text which is highly informative, and does not get bogged down in details or dead-ends.' Mineralogical Society'... excellent book ... There is a wealth of new and newly synthesized information, including dozens of previously unpublished scanning electron micrographs ... This lucid and remarkably wide-ranging volume will provide a fine basis for the work to come.' Journal of Geology'The book provides an excellent introduction to the many aspects of the field, with extensive references to the literature. The text is generally very readable, with a smooth flow of words, and not excessively formal. Throughout the work the enthusiasm of the authors and their fascination with the topic shine through. Line drawings and photographs are well reproduced. The book is well bound and should survive frequent use.' C. Sancetta, Marine Geology, 110 (1993)Table of ContentsMinerals and macromolecules; Biomineralization processes; Protoctista; Cnidaria; Mollusca; Arthropoda; Echinodermata; Chordata; Some non-skeletal functions in biomineralization; Environmental influences on biomineralization; Evolution of biomineralization.

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Book SynopsisThis book is one of the first to apply engineering science and technology to biological cells and tissues that are electrically conducting and excitable. It describes the theory and a wide range of applications in both electric and magnetic fields. The similarities and differences between bioelectricity and biomagnetism are described in detail from the viewpoint of lead field theory. This book will enable readers to understand the properties of existing bioelectric and biomagnetic measurements and stimulation methods, and to design new systems. It includes carefully drawn illustrations and 500 references, and can be used as a textbook and as a reference.Trade Review"The book...is comprehensive and well-organized, and nicely edited and produced."--Engineering in Medicine and BiologyTable of ContentsPART I: ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BIOELECTROMAGNETISM; PART II: BIOELECTRIC SOURCES AND CONDUCTORS AND THEIR MODELLING; PART III: THEORETICAL METHODS IN BIOELECTROMAGNETISM; PART IV: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT OF THE ELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF NEURAL TISSUE; PART V: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT OF THE ELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF THE HEART; PART VI: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF NEURAL TISSUE; PART VII: ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF THE HEART; PART VIII: MEASUREMENT OF THE INTRINSIC ELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; PART IX: OTHER BIOELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA

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Book SynopsisThis second and final volume of the biography of Hans Krebs covers his early years in England, 1933-1937, when he laid the foundations of our modern understanding of intermediary metabolism.Trade Review'This is not only a study of Krebs's research, it is also a comprehensive biography of Krebs's personal as well as scientific life ... These two volumes represent an extraordinary achievement, as a biography of a man, living in a time of turmoil and upheaval, who emerged as a great scientists. The story of both the man and the science is full and rewarding. Among studies of biochemists, I know of nothing in the least comparable with Holmes's achievement here, in its depth and breadth.' John T. Edsall, Harvard University, Nature, Vol. 366, December 1993'This is the second and concluding volume of Holmes' biography of Hans Krebs ... a remarkable ad detailed account of a significant period in the development of biochemistry, reflected in the work of a major "architect."' Nathaniel I. Berlin, University of Miami, JAMA, Vol. 271, No. 14, 1994'Tis is a substantial scientific biography covering four years of the life of Krebs ... There is an enormous amount of detail and the book will be of interest mainly to scientific historians.' Aslib Book Guide, Vol. 59, No. 6, June 1994Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. A new home for a career ; 2. Laboratory life in Cambridge ; 3. Progress under pressure ; 4. New moves ; 5. Arrivals and partings ; 6. The "Great Work" ; 7. Relocations and dismutations ; 8. Main routes and carriers ; 9. Full circle ; 10. Reflections ; Guide to structural formulas ; Notes

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Book SynopsisIn what will certainly be one of the key works in the emerging science of complexity, Kauffman here presents a brilliant new paradigm for evolutionary biology. It extends the basic concepts of Darwinian evolution to accommodate recent findings and perspectives from the fields of biology, physics, chemistry, and mathematics. The book drives to the heart of the exciting debate on the origins of life and maintenance of order in complex biological systems. It focuses on the concept of self-organization - the first time this concept has been incorporated into evolutionary theory. The book shows how complex systems, contrary to expectations, can spontaneously exhibit stunning degrees of order, and how this order in turn is essential for the emergence and development of life on Earth. Origins of Order will advance our understanding of evolution and provoke considerable discussion among evolutionary, molecular, and developmental biologists.Trade Review. . . an integrative book that will become a landmark and a classic as we grope towards a more comprehensive and satisfying theory of evolution. * Stephen Jay Gould *Stuart Kauffman's book . . . is a global representation of a new field, that will greatly enhance our physical understanding of Nature . . . A superb reading, not limited to physicists and biologists, having most important implications in natural philosophy. * Manfred Eigen *Here is a big book with a big purpose. . . . The Origins of Order is the first book to be written by any of the complexity theorists themselves, and it presents Kauffman's view of the biological realm. . . . The Origins of Order will be seen as a major work in the progression of biological theory. At the very least, Kauffman has made a persuasive case to have his bold hypothesis heard. * Roger Lewin *Table of ContentsPART I: ADAPTATION ON THE EDGE OF CHAOS; PART II: THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF LIFE; PART III: ORDER AND ONTOGENY

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Book SynopsisThis is a pioneering cognitive psychological study of Ayahuasca, a plant-based Amazonian psychotropic brew. Benny Shanon presents a comprehensive charting of the various facets of the special state of mind induced by Ayahuasca, and analyzes them from a cognitive psychological perspective. He also presents some philosophical reflections. Empirically, the research presented in this book is based on the systematic recording of the author''s extensive experiences with the brew and on the interviewing of a large number of informants: indigenous people, shamans, members of different religious sects using Ayahuasca, and travellers. In addition to its being the most thorough study of the Ayahuasca experience to date, the book lays the theoretical foundations for the psychological study of non-ordinary states of consciousness in general.Trade Review... a great book ... it makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of consciousness ... The strength of the book lies in the rich descriptions and analyses of the ayahuasca experience ... deserves to be widely read by those who are seriously interested in understanding the nature of consciousness and reality. * Journal of Scientific Exploration *The experiences described in this book are quite literally mind-blowing and the cosmic vision it describes will be of great interest to TC readers. Highly recommended. * The Cauldron *It deserves to be read by anyone interested in religion, mysticism, and conciousness - and who is not? it should be required reading for psychologists, psychiatrists, and neuroscientists, because it shows how absurdly simplistic are the biochemical, darwinianm and genetic models now dominating mind-science. * John Horgan, Maps Vol XIII 2003 *Shanon's authorial persona is earnest, serious, straightforward, absolutely trustworthy. Antipodes is suffused with a sense of genuine adventure. * John Horgan, author of Rational Mysticism *Shanon's pioneering work * Thomas B Roberts, Northern Illinois University *Table of ContentsPROLOGUE ; GENERAL BACKGROUND; THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS; METHODOLOGY AND GENERAL STRUCTURE ; ATMOSPHERE AND GENERAL EFFECTS; OPEN EYE VISUALIZATIONS; A STRUCTURAL TYPOLOGY OF AYAHUASCA VISUALIZATIONS; INTERACTION AND NARRATION; THE CONTENTS OF VISIONS; THE THEMES OF VISIONS; IDEAS, INSIGHTS, AND REFLECTIONS; NON-VISUAL PERCEPTIONS; CONSCIOUSNESS I; TRANSFORMATIONS; TIME; MEANING AND SEMANTICS; CONSCIOUSNESS II; LIGHT ; STAGES AND ORDER; CONTEXTUAL CONSIDERATIONS; COGNITIVE PARAMETERS; DYNAMICS; A GENERAL THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE; CONCLUDING PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS ; EPILOGUE ; APPENDIX (QUANTITATIVE DATA) ; BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Book SynopsisCrucible of Science is the story of a unique laboratory at Washington University in St. Louis, and of Carl and Gerty Cori, the biochemists who established it. Carl and Gerty met and married at medical school in Prague in the 1920s. After graduation, they immigrated to the U.S. to escape deteriorating conditions in Europe. Carl soon received an offer from Washington University to become Pharmacology Chair, and the couple settled in St. Louis. Not only did both Coris go on to win the Nobel Prize, the laboratory they established at the University has since produced some of the most outstanding scientists the U.S. has ever seen. Six laboratory scientists also won Nobel Prizes; few, if any, laboratories can claim such an impressive record. The Coris themselves were instrumental in establishing the then new science of Biochemistry in the U.S. They applied chemical approaches to elucidating the transformations of compounds such as glucose in animal tissues and defined the enzyme BIOL15GENRthaTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION ; CHAPTER 1 - CARL AND GERTY CORI ; CHAPTER 2 - SIDNEY COLOWICK - THEIR FIRST GRADUATE STUDENT ; CHAPTER 3 - HERMAN KALCKAR - THE GREAT DANE ; CHAPTER 4 - SEVERO OCHOA - SPANISH GENIUS ; CHAPTER 5 - MOVE TO ENZYMOLOGY AND WORK OF ARDA GREEN ; CHAPTER 6 - LUIS LELOIR - ONE OF ARGENTINA'S GREATEST SCIENTISTS ; CHAPTER 7 - EARL SUTHERLAND - MASTER OF INTUITION ; CHAPTER 8 - CORI'S MOVE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY - AWARD OF NOBEL PRIZES AND CAREER OF TOM CORI ; CHAPTER 9 - SIDNEY VELICK - MODEST ENZYMOLOGIST ; CHAPTER 10 - VICTOR NAJJAR - PEDIATRICIAN AND IMMUNOCHEMIST ; CHAPTER 11 - EDWIN KREBS - ACCIDENTAL BIOCHEMIST ; CHAPTER 12 - MILDRED COHN - AGAINST ALL ODDS ; CHAPTER 13 - CHRISTIAN de DUVE - BELGIAN WITH SAVOIR FAIRE ; CHAPTER 14 - ARTHUR KORNBERG - A GIANT OF BIOCHEMISTRY ; CHAPTER 15 - HORMONE EFFECTS ON MUSCLE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM ; CHAPTER 16 - CHARLES PARK - ARISTOCRATIC PHYSIOLOGIST ; CHAPTER 17 - JANE HARTING PARK - ENTHUSIAST FOR SCIENCE ; CHAPTER 18 - GERTY CORI'S WORK ON GLYCOGEN STRUCTURE AND GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES ; CHAPTER 19 - JOSEPH LARNER - FOCUS ON GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE ; CHAPTER 20 - CONTRIBUTIONS OF BARBARA AND DAVID BROWN ; CHAPTER 21 - WILLIAM DAUGHADAY - ALL ABOUT GROWTH ; CHAPTER 22 - ROBERT CRANE - A DECADE WITH CARL CORI ; CHAPTER 23 - ALBERTO SOLS - SPANISH ENZYMOLOGIST ; CHAPTER 24 - LUIS GLASER - THE COMPLEXITY OF CARBOHYDRATES ; CHAPTER 25 - ERNST HELMREICH - JOVIAL BAVARIAN ; CHAPTER 26 - CARL FRIEDEN - ENZYME KINETICIST ; CHAPTER 27 - DAVID KIPNIS - DIABETOLOGIST ; CHAPTER 28 - WILLIAM DANFORTH - ACADEMIC LEADER ; CHAPTER 29 - THE INFLUENCE OF THE CORIS ON WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY AND CARL CORI'S RESEARCH AT BOSTON ; CHAPTER 30 - THE HERITAGE OF THE CORIS

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Book SynopsisWe''re all familiar with the idea that plant-derived chemicals can have an impact on the functioning of the human brain. Most of us reach for a cup of coffee or tea in the morning, many of us occasionally eat some chocolate, some smoke a cigarette or take an herbal supplement, and some people use illicit drugs. We know a great deal about the mechanisms by which the psychoactive components of these various products have their effects on human brain function, but the question of why they have these effects has been almost totally ignored. This book sets out to describe not only how, in terms of pharmacology or psychopharmacology, but more importantly why plant- and fungus-derived chemicals have their effects on the human brain. The answer to this last question resides, in part, with the terrestrial world''s two dominant life forms, the plants and the insects, and the many ecological roles the ''secondary metabolite'' plant chemicals are trying to play; for instance, defending the plant against insect herbivores whilst attracting insect pollinators. The answer also resides in the intersecting genetic heritage of mammals, plants, and insects and the surprising biological similarities between the three taxa. In particular it revolves around the close correspondence between the brains of insects and humans, and the intercellular signaling pathways shared by plants and humans. Plants and the Human Brain describes and discusses both how and why phytochemicals affect brain function with respect to the three main groups of secondary metabolites: the alkaloids, which provide us with caffeine, a host of poisons, a handful of hallucinogens, and most drugs of abuse (e.g. morphine, cocaine, DMT, LSD, and nicotine); the phenolics, including polyphenols, which constitute a significant and beneficial part of our natural diet; and the terpenes, a group of multifunctional compounds which provide us with the active components of cannabis and a multitude of herbal extracts such as ginseng, ginkgo and valerian.Trade ReviewThis is an impressive book. ... I recommend reading it -- the writing is clear, lucid, and engaging. If you don't believe me, just read the first two paragraphs -- you will be hooked! * Dale Walters, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh *This book is a scholarly masterpiece of David O. Kennedy. If you want to understand the pharmacological mode of action of the psychoactive natural products and their role in human history, Plants and the Human Brain, is fascinating read. * Michael Wink, Heidelberg University, Germany *For plant biology collections, this book is a jewel. Highly recommended. * Sam Blu, Choice *I enjoyed reading this book and learnt much from it. It deserves to be read widely as there must be few people who have the breadth of knowledge themselves which is found in it and for such it will enhance their application of this fascinating topic. * Peter Houghton, Journal of Ethnopharmacology *The book is extremely well referenced; therefore, not only is the text a treasure of amazing scientific discourses, but it is also an excellent factual resource that enables the reader to go beyond the book's scope. The exciting debate about the link between plants and humans continutes, and Kennedy has provided a fascinating new synthesis and exciting new insights based on a critical assesment of biochemical, pharmacological, and phytochemical evidence. * BioScience *[A] landmark contribution to psychopharmacology and human health ... Students, teachers, and researchers of herbal medicine, biochemistry and phytochemistry, nutrition, psychopharmacology, ecology, and entomology should all avail themselves of the opportunity and pleasure to read this beautifully written book. * HerbalGram: The Journal of the American Botanical Council *Table of ContentsChapter 1: From shamans to starbucks ; Chapter 2: Secondary metabolites and the life of plants ; Chapter 3: More alike than we are unalike - Why do plant chemicals affect the human brain? ; Chapter 4: Alkaloids and the lives of plants and humans ; Chapter 5: The Rewarding Or Addictive Drugs ; Chapter 6: The Hallucinogens ; Chapter 7: The Deliriants - The nightshade (Solanaceae) family ; Chapter 8: Phenolics and the Lives of Plants and Animals ; Chapter 9: Phenolics and the human brain ; Chapter 10: Terpenes and the Lives of Plants and Animals ; Chapter 11: The Lamiaceae sub-tribe Salviinae - the Salvia, Rosmarinus and Melissa genera ; Chapter 12: Cannabis and the cannabinoids ; Chapter 13: Some Miscellaneous Terpenes ; Chapter 14: In conclusion, comparing and contrasting the alkaloids, phenolics and terpenes

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