Atomic and molecular physics Books

Book SynopsisIsotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry of Light Gas-Forming Elements explores different methods of isotope analysis, including spark, secondary ion, laser, glow discharge, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. It explains how to evaluate the isotopic composition of light elements (H, C, N, O) in solid, liquid, and gaseous samples of organic and inorganic substances, as well as: Presents a universal, economical, simple, and rapid technique for sample preparation of organic substances to measure the isotopic composition of carbon Describes how to determine microbial mineralization of organic matter in soil and the effect of exogenous substrates on environmental sustainability Examines use of the isotopic composition of n-alkanes from continental vegetation to study the paleoclimate and plant physiology Proposes a systematic approach to identifying tobacco areas of origin and tobacco products based on data from the isotopic compositionTable of ContentsIsotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry: Devices, Methods, and Applications. Universal Method for Preparation of Liquid, Solid, and Gaseous Samples for Determining the Isotopic Composition of Carbon. Using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Assessing the Metabolic Potential of Soil Microbiota. Study of the Isotopic Composition of Normal Alkanes of Continental Plants. Using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectroscopy for Analysis of Tobacco. Using Isotope Mass Ratio Spectrometry of Carbon in Doping Control. Isolation Methods in Isotope Geochemistry of Noble Gases. Using Laser Spectroscopy for Measuring the Ratios of Stable Isotopes.

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Book SynopsisThe Mossbauer effect is not only one of the simplest and most beautiful discoveries of nuclear phYSics, it is one of those discoveries which, to the highest degre'e, tend to produce and develop new ties between nu­ clear physics and the other branches of physics as well as the other natural sciences and engineering.Table of ContentsI. Resonance Fluorescence.- Energy and Width of Resonance Transitions.- Role Played by Doppler Broadening and Recoil.- II. The Mössbauer Effect.- Mössbauer’s Discovery.- Elements of the Theory of Recoilless Resonance Gamma Fluorescence.- Fundamentals of the Experimental Method of Observing the Mössbauer Effect.- Illustrations of the General Importance of the Mössbauer Effect.- III. Shift and Splitting of Mössbauer Spectrum Lines.- IV. General Reasons It Is Possible to Apply the Mössbauer Effect in Chemistry.- Frequency of Occurrence of Mössbauer Transitions.- Role Played by a Light-Atom Environment.- Delimitation of the Role Played by the Nearest Chemical Bonds and by the Macrostructure.- Possible Complications from a Preceding Conversion of the Emitting Nucleus.- Asymmetric Doublet Splitting in Mössbauer Spectra.- V. Principal Results of the First Studies of the Mössbauer Effect in Iron Compounds.- VI. Principal Results of the First Studies of the Mössbauer Effect in Tin Compounds.- VII. Some Prospects for Using the Mössbauer Effect in Chemistry.- Problems in the Nature of Chemical Bonds.- Problems in Chemical Kinetics, Radiation Chemistry, and the Physical Chemistry of Polymers ….- Literature Cited.- Supplement. New Results of Using the Mössbauer Effect in Chemistry.- Use of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance in Chemical Crystallography (Reprinted from Journal of Structural Chemistry, Volume 1, Numbers 1 and 2).

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Table of Contents1 The Fundamental Constants and Metrology.- The Measurement of Fundamental Constants (Metrology) and Its Effect on Scientific and Technical Progress.- Constantes Physiques et Métrologie.- 2 Gamma rays.- Gamma-Ray Energies for Calibration of Ge(Li) spectrometers.- Primary Standards for Gamma Energy Determinations.- Precision Measurements of Relative ?-Ray Energies with a Curved Crystal Diffractometer.- Visible to Gamma-Ray Wavelength Ratio.- Determination of Proton Binding Energies for 89Y, 90Zr, 91Nb and 93Tc from (p, ?) Reaction Q-values.- A New Method for Measurement of Proton Beam Energies.- 3 Alpha and Beta Decays.- Superallowed ?-decay : From Nuclear Masses to the Z Vector Boson.- Masses of TZ = +5/2 Nuclei in the s-d Shell from ?-Decay Measurements.- Mass Differences of Proton-Rich Atoms near A=116 and A=190 Unisor Consortium.- Total ?-Decay Energies of Nuclei Far from Stability: Evidence for the Wigner Symmetry Energy in Rb and Kr Masses.- Total Beta Decay Energies of Neutron-Rich Fission Products.- Far Beta-Unstable Alpha-Particle Emitting Nuclei.- 4 Nuclear Reactions.- Precision Measurement of Q-values by Means of the Munich Time-of-flight System and the Q3D-Spectrograph.- Measurements of Nuclear Masses Far from Stability.- Some (p,n) and (?,n) Reaction Energies Relevant to Superallowed Beta Decay.- Accurate Q-value Measurements and Masses in the Iron Region.- Precision Energy Measurements with the MSU cyclotron.- New Tests of the Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation.- Isobaric Mass Quartets.- 5 Mass Spectrometry.- This part is dedicated to the memory of L.G. Smith, 1912–1972. The Mass Spectroscopic Work of L.G. Smith.- L.G. Smith’s Precision RF Mass Spectrometer Transferred from Princeton to Delft.- Present Status of the Program of Atomic Mass Determinations at the University of Manitoba.- Recent Doublet Results and Measurement Technique Development at the University of Minnesota.- Double Focussing Mass Spectrometers of Second Order.- On a Two-Stage Double-Focussing Mass Spectroscope under Construction at Osaka University.- Atomic Mass Measurement Using Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy.- Mass Spectrometry of Unstable Nuclei.- The Activities of the II Physical Institute of the University of Giesen in the Investigation of Short-Lived Heavy Nuclei.- Attempts to Obtain Highly Resolved Mass Spectra of Short-Lived Fission Products with the Lohengrin Separator.- 6 Theory of Nuclear Binding Energies.- The Mass Determination in Relation to Nuclear Structure and to the Theory of Nuclear Matter.- Self-Consistent Calculations of Nuclear Total Binding Energies.- Shell and Pairing Effects in Spherical Nuclei Close to the Nucleon Drip Lines.- Hartree-Fock Calculation of Nuclear Binding Energy of Sodium Isotopes.- Nuclear Mass Systematics and Exotic Nuclei.- The Validity of the Strutinsky Method for the Determination of Nuclear Masses.- Nucleon Correlation Effects in Mass Systematics.- 7 Atomic Mass Formulae.- Interpolation Mass Formulae.- Nuclidic Mass Relationships and Mass Equations.- The Liquid Drop Mass Formula as a Shell Model Average.- Magic Neutron-Rich Nuclei and a New Semi-Empirical Shell-Correction Term.- Structure of Nuclear Energy Surface and the Atomic Mass Formula.- Atomic Mass Extrapolations.- 8 Time and Frequency Measurements and the Speed of Light.- Time and Frequency.- Applications of Frequency Standards.- Stabilized Lasers and the Speed of Light.- The Realization of the Second.- Stability and Reproducibility of He-Ne Lasers Stabilized by Saturated Absorption in Iodine.- Performance and Limitations of Iodine Stabilized Lasers.- Reproducibility of Methane- and Iodine-Stabilized Optical Frequency Standards.- Some Experimental Factors Affecting the Reproducibility and Stability of Methane-Stabilized Helium-Neon Lasers.- Molecular Beam Stabilized Argon Laser.- Frequency Stabilization of an Ar+ Laser with Molecular Iodine.- Saturated-Absorption-Stabilized N2O Laser for New Frequency Standards.- Optically Pumped Far-Infrared Laser for Infrared Frequency Measurements.- Two-Photon Lasers.- Light-Shifts Precision Measurements of the O-O Transition in a 133Cs Gas Cell.- 9 Wavelength Comparison.- Comparaison de Longueurs d’Onde à l’Aide d’un Interféromètre de Michelson.- Wavelength Intercomparison of Laser Radiations Using Servo-Lock Interferometry.- A Field Compensated Interferometer for Wavelength Comparison.- Determination of New Wavelength Standards in the Infrared by Vacuum Fourier Spectroscopy.- Preliminary Wavelength Measurements of a 127I2 Stabilized Laser at IMGC.- Wavelength Measurements in the UV and Vacuum UV.- 10 The Josephson Effects and 2e/h.- Applications of the Josephson Effect.- A Brief Review of the A C Josephson Effect Determination of 2e/h.- Determination of 2e/h at the BIPM.- 2e/h Determination by Josephson Effect in ETL.- Etape d’une Détermination absolue du coefficient 2e/h au LCIE.- Cryogenic Voltage Standard at PTB.- 11 Magnetic Moments.- Review of the Measurement of ?p/?n.- Magnetic Moment of the Proton in H2O in Units of the Bohr Magneton.- A Progress Report on the (g-2) Resonance Experiments.- New Electron and Positron (g-2) Experiments at the University of Michigan.- New Measurement of (g-2) of the Muon.- Status of Anomalous Magnetic Moment Calculations for Electron and Muon.- A New Mass-Spectrometric Method for the Measurement of ?p’.- Experiment with Magnetically Isolated Calculable Solenoid for ?p’ Determination.- Determination of the Gyromagnetic Ratio of the Proton ?p’.- A Measurement of the Gyromagnetic Ratio of the Proton by the Strong Field Method.- 12 Miscellaneous Constants.- Recent Estimates of the Avogadro Constant.- Re-evaluation of the Rydberg Constant.- Rydberg Constant Measurement Using CW Dye Laser and H* Atomic Beam.- Fast Beam Measurement of Hydrogen Fine Structure.- A New Determination of the Faraday by Means of the Silver Coulometer.- A Value for the Faraday Based on a High-Precision Coulometric Titration of 4-Aminopyridine.- Initial Results from a New Measurement of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant.- Constants of Electric and Magnetic Polarizibilities of Proton.- A New Determination of the Gas Constant by an Acoustic Technique.- A Determination of the Density and Dilatation of Pure Water of Known Isotopic Composition.- 13 Relativity, Time Variation of the Constants, and Philosophical Considerations.- Recent Solar Oblateness Observations : Data, Interpretation and Significance for Experimental Relativity.- A Laboratory Experiment to Measure the Time Variation of Newton’s Gravitational Constant.- An Experimental Limit on the Time Variation of the Fine Structure Constant.- Bound on the Secular Variation of the Gravitational Interaction.- Understanding the Fundamental Constants.- 14 Evaluation.- Present Status of Atomic Masses.- Present Status of the Fundamental Constants.- 15 Conference Summary.- Summary of the Conference.

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Book SynopsisAs you read this, billions of neutrinos from the sun are passing through your body, antimatter is sprouting from your dinner and the core of your being is a chaotic mess of particles known only as quarks and gluons.If the recent discovery of the Higgs boson piqued your interest, then Why The Universe Exists will take you deeper into the world of particle physics, with leading physicists and New Scientist exploring how the universe functions at the smallest scales. Find out about hunt for dark matter and why there is something rather than nothing. Discover how accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland are rewinding time to the first moments after the big bang, and how ghostly neutrino particles may hold the answers to the greatest mysteries of the universe. ABOUT THE SERIESNew Scientist Instant Expert books are definitive and accessible entry points to the most important subjects in science; subject

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Book SynopsisScientific achievement cannot be subjected to the very refined measurement techniques of science itself, but there is a continuous mutual evaluation among scientists which manifests itself through refereeing, literature citation and dedicatory volumes like the present one.Table of ContentsPer-Olov Löwdin — Conqueror of Scientific, Educational and Rocky Mountains.- Publications of Per-Olov Löwdin 1939–1976.- Per-Olov Löwdin in the Scientific Literature 1965–1974.- Acta Vålådalensia Revisited: Per-Olov Löwdin in Scientific Discussion.- The Non-Orthogonality Problem and Orthogonalization Procedures.- Biorthonormal Bases in Hilbert Space.- Energy Weighted Maximum Overlap (EWMO).- The Calculation of the Exchange Parameter J = ½ (Esinglet-Etriplet) for Two Equivalent Electrons using Canonical Molecular orbitals.- Importance of Overlap in the Analysis of Weak Exchange Interactions by Perturbation Methods.- Inelastic Scattering of Photons from Ionic Crystals and Effects of Overlap.- Some Comments on the Quantum-Mechanical Treatment of Defects in Ionic Crystals.- Properties of Compressed Atoms from a Spherical Cellular Model.- Static and Dynamic Correlations in Many-Electron Systems.- Power Series Method for Cellular Calculations on Atoms, Molecules and Solids.- Test of Conventional Quantum Chemistry Methods on the Hydrogen Atom.- Numerical Aspects of Weyl’s Theory.- Quantization and a Green’s Function for Systems of Linear Ordinary Differential Equations.- On Resonant Potential Scattering.- Laguerre Polynomials, Reminiscences from Uppsala.- Partitioning Technique for Determinantal Equations.- Lower Bounds to Energy Eigenvalues.- Bounds to the Sum-rule Function from Inner-Projections.- Investigations into the Properties of Projected Spin Functions.- Many-Body Theory of Molecular Collisions.- On the Löwdin Bracketing Function.- Numerical Infinite-Order Perturbation Theory.- Calculation of the Bromine Nuclear Pseudoquadrupole Coupling Constant in the LiBr Molecule Using a Density-of-States Function Deduced from Overlap Integrals.- On Inversion Symmetry in Momentum Space.- Bonding Character of Inner-Shell Orbitals in Diatomic Molecules.- A New Formulation of the Correlation Problem.- The Chemical Bond as a Many-Electron Problem.- Orbital Methods and Correlation Errors in Expectation Values.- Long-range Interaction in some Two-Electron Systems.- The Generator Coordinate Method Illustrated on the Hydrogen Molecule.- Projected Hartree-Fock Calculations on the Ground and First Excited 1?g+ States of the Hydrogen Molecule.- Deformed Atoms and the Projected Hartree-Fock Method.- MCSCF Studies of Chemical Reactions: Natural Reaction Orbitals and Localized Reaction Orbitals.- The Phosphate Group in Quantum Biochemistry.- Towards the Theoretical Determination of the Conformation of Biological Macromolecules.- Energetics and Mechanism of 2-Aminopurine Induced Mutations.- External Electrical Field and Proton Transfer.- Proton Tunnelling in DNA Base Pairs and Mutagenesis.- On Proton Mobilities in Individual Hydrogen Bonds.

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Book SynopsisBrings Readers from the Threshold to the Frontier of Modern Research Many-Body Methods for Atoms and Molecules addresses two major classes of theories of electron correlation: the many-body perturbation theory and coupled cluster methods. It discusses the issues related to the formal development and consequent numerical implementation of the methods from the standpoint of a practicing theoretician. The book will enable readers to understand the future development of state-of-the-art multi-reference coupled cluster methods as well as their perturbative counterparts.The book begins with an introduction to the issues relevant to the development of correlated methods in general. It next gives a formally rigorous treatment of aspects that pave the foundation toward the theoretical development of methods capable of tackling problems of electronic correlation. The authors go on to cover perturbation theory first in a fundamental way and then iTable of ContentsIntroduction. Occupation Number Representation. Perturbation Theory. Multi-Reference Perturbation Theory. State-Specific Perturbation Theory. Coupled Cluster Method. Fock Space Multi-Reference Coupled Cluster Method. Hilbert Space Coupled Cluster Theory.

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Book SynopsisI Diffraction and Imaging of Elastically Scattered Electrons.- 1. Basic Kinematic Electron Diffraction.- 2. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory.- 3. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering II: Multislice Theory.- 4. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering III: Other Approaches.- 5. Diffraction and Imaging of Reflected High-Energy Electrons from Bulk Crystal Surfaces.- II Diffraction and Imaging of Inelastically Scattered Electrons.- 6. Inelastic Excitations and Absorption Effect in Electron Diffraction.- 7. Semiclassical Theory of Thermal Diffuse Scattering.- 8. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory.- 9. Reciprocity in Electron Diffraction and Imaging.- 10. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering II: Green's Function Theory.- 11. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering III: Multislice Theory.- 12. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering IV: Modified Multislice Theory.- 13. Inelastic Scattering in High-Resolution Transmission Electron Imaging.- 14. Multiple ITrade Review`This is an excellent and comprehensive book describing the theory of the elastic and inelastic scattering of the electrons by crystals....This book fills a gap in the existing books on electron microscopy because it discusses in considerable depth inelastic scattering in electron diffraction and microscopy...very useful both as a textbook and as a reference book....comprehensive and right up to date...suitable for scientists ranging from research students to real experts in the field.' Journal of Microscopy `Without question this book, particularly the treatment of inelastic scattering, is a noteworthy achievement and a valuable contribution to the literature.' American Scientist Table of ContentsIntroduction. Symbols and Definitions. Diffraction and Imaging of Elastically Scattered Electrons: Basic Kinematical Electron Diffraction. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering II: Multislice Theory. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering III: Other Approaches. Diffraction and Imaging of Reflected Highenergy Electrons from Bulk Crystal Surfaces. Diffraction and Imaging of Inelastically Scattered Electrons: Inelastic Excitations and 'Absorption' Effect in Electron Diffraction. Semiclassical Theory of Thermal Diffuse Scattering. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory. Reciprocity in Electron Diffraction and Imaging. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering II: Green's Function Theory. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering III: Multislice Theory. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering IV: Modified Multislice Theory. Inelastic Scattering in Highresolution Transmission Electron Imaging. Multiple Inelastic Electron Scattering. Inelastic Excitation of Crystals in Thermal Equilibrium with Environment. Appendixes. Index.

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Book SynopsisVectors.- Function Spaces.- Matrices.- Similarity Transforms and Projections.- Vibrations and Normal Modes.- Kinetics.- Statistical Mechanics.- Quantum Mechanics.- Driven Systems and Fluctuations.- Other Techniques: Perturbation Theory and Direct Products.- to Group Theory.Table of ContentsVectors.- Function Spaces.- Matrices.- Similarity Transforms and Projections.- Vibrations and Normal Modes.- Kinetics.- Statistical Mechanics.- Quantum Mechanics.- Driven Systems and Fluctuations.- Other Techniques: Perturbation Theory and Direct Products.- to Group Theory.

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Book SynopsisStarting from a comprehensive quantum mechanical description, this book introduces the optical (IR, Raman, UV/Vis, CD, fluorescence and laser spectroscopy) and magnetic resonance (1D and 2D-NMR, ESR) techniques.Table of Contentsand Future of Site-Directed Spin Labeling of Membrane Proteins.- Instrumentation and Experimental Setup.- Advanced ESR Spectroscopy in Membrane Biophysics.- Practical Pulsed Dipolar ESR (DEER).- Membrane Protein Structure and Dynamics Studied by Site-Directed Spin-Labeling ESR.- High-Field ESR Spectroscopy in Membrane and Protein Biophysics.

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Book SynopsisMedium heavy nuclei with mass number A=60-90 exhibit a variety of complex collective properties, provide a laboratory for double beta decay studies, and are a region of all heavy N=Z nuclei. This book discusses these three aspects of nuclear structure using Deformed Shell Model and the Spin-Isospin Invariant Interacting Boson Model naturally generated by fermionic SO(8) symmetry. Using these two models, the book describes properties of medium heavy nuclei with mass number A=60-90. It provides a good reference for future nuclear structure experiments using radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities. Various results obtained by the authors and other research groups are also explained in this book.Table of ContentsIntroduction.Deformed shell model (DSM). Deformed shell model results for spectroscopy of A=60-90 nuclei. Applications of deformed shell model. Deformed shell model for Double beta decay in A=60-90 nuclei. Heavy N=Z nuclei: SU(4) structure, Wigner energy and isovector and isosclar pairing. SO(8) fermion pairing model to spin-isospin interacting boson model (IBM-ST).Spin-isospin interacting boson model (IBM-ST). IBM-ST results for deuteron transfer and GT strengths. Interacting boson model with isospin T = 1 bosons. Deformed shell model results for spectroscopy of heavy N=Z nuclei. Future outlook.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a detailed description of the modern variational methods available for solving the nuclear motion Schrödinger equation to enable accurate theoretical spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules. These methods are currently used to provide important molecular data for spectroscopic studies of atmospheres of astronomical objects including solar and extrasolar planets as well as cool stars. This book has collected descriptions of quantum mechanical methods into one cohesive text, making the information more accessible to the scientific community, especially for young researchers, who would like to devote their scientific career to the field of computational molecular physics. The book addresses key aspects of the high-accuracy computational spectroscopy of the medium size polyatomic molecules. It aims to describe numerical algorithms for the construction and solution of the nuclear motion Schrödinger equations with the central idea of the modern computational Table of Contents1. Introduction. 2. Coordinates Choice. 3. KEO: Coordinate Transformation. 4. KEO: Triatomic Molecules. 5. Basis Sets. 6. Symmetry-adapted Basis Sets. 7. Applications. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of The Standard Model and Beyond presents an advanced introduction to the physics and formalism of the standard model and other non-abelian gauge theories. It provides a solid background for understanding supersymmetry, string theory, extra dimensions, dynamical symmetry breaking, and cosmology. In addition to updating all of the experimental and phenomenological results from the first edition, it contains a new chapter on collider physics; expanded discussions of Higgs, neutrino, and dark matter physics; and many new problems.The book first reviews calculational techniques in field theory and the status of quantum electrodynamics. It then focuses on global and local symmetries and the construction of non-abelian gauge theories. The structure and tests of quantum chromodynamics, collider physics, the electroweak interactions and theory, and the physics of neutrino mass and mixing are thoroughly explored. The final chapter discusses the motivaTrade Review"The 2009 first edition of The Standard Model and Beyond provided a long-needed and thorough introductory textbook that focused on the advances in phenomenology that led to the highly successful Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics. Its author, Paul Langacker, is well known not only for his research, but also his communication skills both as a lecturer and writer. However, much has happened over the last seven years, as the Higgs scalar was discovered, thus completing the minimal spectrum of the Standard Model, whilst the field of neutrino physics continued to mature. At the same time, a number of leading speculations regarding ‘new physics’, beyond the Standard Model, failed to be observed, causing a re-examination of some beliefs. This newly updated second edition explores such constraints on ‘new physics’ ideas, in addition to exploring recent discoveries and advances in the field. The text remains lucid, thorough, and well-worth having, and so I strongly recommend it as a resource for students and researchers who wish to understand, and help continue, the legacy of scientific exploration and discovery."—William J. Marciano, Senior Physicist, Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory"This second edition of Professor Paul Langacker’s book on The Standard Model and Beyond includes a brand new chapter on Collider Physics that describes the basic theory for calculations of high-energy particle collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. All graduate students in particle physics should read this book. I found it to be inspirational!"—Vernon Barger, Vilas and J.H. Van Vleck Professor of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison"Paul Langacker, a renowned expert on particle physics, here presents the successful theoretical framework describing the interactions among the fundamental constituents of matter and the pending problems that still need to be solved. Starting from the most basic concepts, the book introduces the different elements of the Standard Model and discusses its most important experimental tests, from the empirical facts which suggested the Lagrangian structure to the most recent LHC data on the Higgs boson. A few representative directions to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model are also reviewed. The book includes a lot of complementary material, with useful appendices, suggested problems, and many references. It is a very comprehensive and valuable summary, which will be of great interest to a broad audience of readers interested in learning about our current understanding of the fundamental laws of nature."—Antonio Pich, IFIC, University of Valencia - CSIC"The Standard Model and Beyond is a fantastic comprehensive compendium of all that young particle physicists must learn, and senior ones must not forget. It can serve both as an introduction to the most advanced topics, and as a prompt look-up reference for explicit results or bibliography. The first part contains a concise refresher on the basics of particle physics, from quantum fields to symmetries and group theory. Both formal and phenomenological topics are covered, and, together with thorough appendices, a large number of useful exercises and common-use results are offered. The Standard Model is covered from a modern perspective, but without neglecting its roots in Fermi theory. This second edition updates the state of the art in precision studies of the electroweak sector, reviewing the implications of the latest measurements of the Higgs boson, the top quark, and heavy flavours. The final part introduces the theoretical and experimental motivations of theories beyond the Standard Model. The formalism, applications, and open challenges in neutrino physics, supersymmetry, and grand unification are covered in detail in the light of the latest experimental results. These sections will enable young researchers to follow the most advanced research directions in particle physics phenomenology, and help them select their own projects. A large set of complementary resources are also available online, including codes for amplitude calculations, solutions to selected exercises, and links to tools and bibliography. This is the physics book to take with you for a sabbatical on a desert island!"—Michelangelo Mangano, CERN, TH Department"This fine book, updating the 2009 edition, has maintained its excellent treatment of a broad spectrum of topics in high energy physics. It will serve both as a definitive reference and as a primary text in a full-year course at the graduate level for students who have already been exposed to quantum field theory. The exercises are plentiful and well-chosen, providing valuable hands-on experience for both beginners and seasoned researchers. Many subjects benefit from the author's first-hand research experience, making the book an especially authoritative source. Results both in and beyond the standard model of particle physics are presented in an engaging and conversational style, with copious text and article references, but the author also provides plentiful explicit calculations. The reader who works through them will be truly empowered by this tour de force of presentation.The ground for discussion of physics beyond the standard model is carefully prepared by presenting the necessary formalism in a manner as independent as possible of specific schemes. Precision physics within the standard modelis highlighted, allowing one to spot key discrepancies. The major development since the First Edition, the discovery of the Higgs boson with properties completely consistent with standard model predictions, has been treatedin detail, with a thorough study of its implications. The choice of subjects beyond the standard model includes an extensive discussion of supersymmetry, a treatment of gauge theories beyond SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1), and schemes of grand unification."—Jonathan L. Rosner, Professor Emeritus of Physics, University of Chicago "The Standard Model and Beyond is an authoritative, comprehensive account of the standard model of particle physics, the quantum field theory that underlies it, and the detailed phenomenology needed to confront it with experiment. It is a stand-alone text and reference that covers all aspects of the field of high energy physics. Its usefulness is enhanced by multiple tables covering topics such as Fierz identities, gamma matrix transformation properties, and many more, that practitioners frequently have to dig in their research notebooks to recall. The second edition has updated all experimental results and their associated phenomenology, and has added a new chapter on collider physics and expanded treatments of currently active topics, including the Higgs boson and dark matter physics. The book references are usefully grouped by topic, and there is an extensive bibliography of articles and an excellent index. Each chapter contains problems, so the book is suitable as a graduate level text in particle physics, as well as an indispensable reference for practicing theoretical and experimental high energy physicists." —Stephen L. Adler, Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton "Langacker’s book is probably the best one available to provide a simultaneously broad and deep survey of the status of the Standard Model of particle physics and efforts to extend it. It covers a remarkable range of topics, and does so technically and reliably. He starts at the beginning, with a solid introduction to field theory and needed formalisms, and includes a thorough treatment of neutrino masses, followed by a good introduction to supersymmetry. He consistently includes relevant experimental information, at a good level of detail. He provides sixty-five pages of references, making this an unusually valuable guide to most topics of interest. The book will be a superb reference guide to workers in the field, as well as a fine way to learn particle physics."—Gordon Kane, Victor Weisskopf Distinguished University Professor of Physics, University of MichiganPraise for the first edition"… Paul Langacker is a pioneer in the field of high-precision tests of the Standard Model. … Langacker’s book is likely to play a pivotal role at this juncture when the plethora of ‘new physics’ and alternative models have emerged while experimental data has become too intricate to be comprehensible even to the experts. … Masterly treatment on the Standard Model by Langacker in Chapter 7, in my opinion, is the heart of the book. … Decades of past experience of the author in the area of precision tests make the writing lucid and transparent. … A thorough study of the book would enable the reader to unravel the intricacies involved in the claims of ‘new physics.’ … Langacker comprehensively demonstrates the spectacular successes of the Standard Model … This book would be of great utility to learn and do high quality particle physics in the age of LHC for both theorists and experimentalists. What about ‘new physics’? As and when this happens, the contents of the book would be helpful to focus on the matter-of-fact physics and interpret the new data. …"—Contemporary Physics, Volume 52, Issue 3, 2011"… This substantial book — at more than 600 pages — gives a detailed and lucid summary of the theoretical foundations of the Standard Model, and possible extensions beyond it. …I heartily recommend it to particle physicists as a great single-volume reference, especially useful to experimentalists. It also provides a firm, graduate-level foundation for theoretical physicists who plan to pursue concepts beyond the Standard Model to a greater depth."—Philip Burrows, John Adams Institute, Oxford University, UK, CERN Courier, June 2010"The textbook by Paul Langacker gives a comprehensive…overview about the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics and beyond…. the full Standard Model including mathematical foundations and current experimental references is fully reviewed. After each chapter, the reader finds quite an extensive set of problems which allows [them] to deepen the previously learned knowledge…The book is clearly not intended to serve theorists in their daily life but rather an experimental physicist to understand the theory behind and perform some simple calculations. However, as a kind of compendium and standard reference it is a worthy tool for everybody in the field."—Wolfgang G. Hollik (Hamburg) in Zentralblatt MATH 1376."The 2009 first edition of The Standard Model and Beyond provided a long-needed and thorough introductory textbook that focused on the advances in phenomenology that led to the highly successful Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics. Its author, Paul Langacker, is well known not only for his research, but also his communication skills both as a lecturer and writer. However, much has happened over the last seven years, as the Higgs scalar was discovered, thus completing the minimal spectrum of the Standard Model, whilst the field of neutrino physics continued to mature. At the same time, a number of leading speculations regarding ‘new physics’, beyond the Standard Model, failed to be observed, causing a re-examination of some beliefs. This newly updated second edition explores such constraints on ‘new physics’ ideas, in addition to exploring recent discoveries and advances in the field. The text remains lucid, thorough, and well-worth having, and so I strongly recommend it as a resource for students and researchers who wish to understand, and help continue, the legacy of scientific exploration and discovery."—William J. Marciano, Senior Physicist, Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory"This second edition of Professor Paul Langacker’s book on The Standard Model and Beyond includes a brand new chapter on Collider Physics that describes the basic theory for calculations of high-energy particle collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. All graduate students in particle physics should read this book. I found it to be inspirational!"—Vernon Barger, Vilas and J.H. Van Vleck Professor of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison"Paul Langacker, a renowned expert on particle physics, here presents the successful theoretical framework describing the interactions among the fundamental constituents of matter and the pending problems that still need to be solved. Starting from the most basic concepts, the book introduces the different elements of the Standard Model and discusses its most important experimental tests, from the empirical facts which suggested the Lagrangian structure to the most recent LHC data on the Higgs boson. A few representative directions to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model are also reviewed. The book includes a lot of complementary material, with useful appendices, suggested problems, and many references. It is a very comprehensive and valuable summary, which will be of great interest to a broad audience of readers interested in learning about our current understanding of the fundamental laws of nature."—Antonio Pich, IFIC, University of Valencia - CSIC"The Standard Model and Beyond is a fantastic comprehensive compendium of all that young particle physicists must learn, and senior ones must not forget. It can serve both as an introduction to the most advanced topics, and as a prompt look-up reference for explicit results or bibliography. The first part contains a concise refresher on the basics of particle physics, from quantum fields to symmetries and group theory. Both formal and phenomenological topics are covered, and, together with thorough appendices, a large number of useful exercises and common-use results are offered. The Standard Model is covered from a modern perspective, but without neglecting its roots in Fermi theory. This second edition updates the state of the art in precision studies of the electroweak sector, reviewing the implications of the latest measurements of the Higgs boson, the top quark, and heavy flavours. The final part introduces the theoretical and experimental motivations of theories beyond the Standard Model. The formalism, applications, and open challenges in neutrino physics, supersymmetry, and grand unification are covered in detail in the light of the latest experimental results. These sections will enable young researchers to follow the most advanced research directions in particle physics phenomenology, and help them select their own projects. A large set of complementary resources are also available online, including codes for amplitude calculations, solutions to selected exercises, and links to tools and bibliography. This is the physics book to take with you for a sabbatical on a desert island!"—Michelangelo Mangano, CERN, TH Department"This fine book, updating the 2009 edition, has maintained its excellent treatment of a broad spectrum of topics in high energy physics. It will serve both as a definitive reference and as a primary text in a full-year course at the graduate level for students who have already been exposed to quantum field theory. The exercises are plentiful and well-chosen, providing valuable hands-on experience for both beginners and seasoned researchers. Many subjects benefit from the author's first-hand research experience, making the book an especially authoritative source. Results both in and beyond the standard model of particle physics are presented in an engaging and conversational style, with copious text and article references, but the author also provides plentiful explicit calculations. The reader who works through them will be truly empowered by this tour de force of presentation.The ground for discussion of physics beyond the standard model is carefully prepared by presenting the necessary formalism in a manner as independent as possible of specific schemes. Precision physics within the standard modelis highlighted, allowing one to spot key discrepancies. The major development since the First Edition, the discovery of the Higgs boson with properties completely consistent with standard model predictions, has been treatedin detail, with a thorough study of its implications. The choice of subjects beyond the standard model includes an extensive discussion of supersymmetry, a treatment of gauge theories beyond SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1), and schemes of grand unification."—Jonathan L. Rosner, Professor Emeritus of Physics, University of Chicago "The Standard Model and Beyond is an authoritative, comprehensive account of the standard model of particle physics, the quantum field theory that underlies it, and the detailed phenomenology needed to confront it with experiment. It is a stand-alone text and reference that covers all aspects of the field of high energy physics. Its usefulness is enhanced by multiple tables covering topics such as Fierz identities, gamma matrix transformation properties, and many more, that practitioners frequently have to dig in their research notebooks to recall. The second edition has updated all experimental results and their associated phenomenology, and has added a new chapter on collider physics and expanded treatments of currently active topics, including the Higgs boson and dark matter physics. The book references are usefully grouped by topic, and there is an extensive bibliography of articles and an excellent index. Each chapter contains problems, so the book is suitable as a graduate level text in particle physics, as well as an indispensable reference for practicing theoretical and experimental high energy physicists." —Stephen L. Adler, Professor Emeritus, School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton "Langacker’s book is probably the best one available to provide a simultaneously broad and deep survey of the status of the Standard Model of particle physics and efforts to extend it. It covers a remarkable range of topics, and does so technically and reliably. He starts at the beginning, with a solid introduction to field theory and needed formalisms, and includes a thorough treatment of neutrino masses, followed by a good introduction to supersymmetry. He consistently includes relevant experimental information, at a good level of detail. He provides sixty-five pages of references, making this an unusually valuable guide to most topics of interest. The book will be a superb reference guide to workers in the field, as well as a fine way to learn particle physics."—Gordon Kane, Victor Weisskopf Distinguished University Professor of Physics, University of MichiganPraise for the first edition"… Paul Langacker is a pioneer in the field of high-precision tests of the Standard Model. … Langacker’s book is likely to play a pivotal role at this juncture when the plethora of ‘new physics’ and alternative models have emerged while experimental data has become too intricate to be comprehensible even to the experts. … Masterly treatment on the Standard Model by Langacker in Chapter 7, in my opinion, is the heart of the book. … Decades of past experience of the author in the area of precision tests make the writing lucid and transparent. … A thorough study of the book would enable the reader to unravel the intricacies involved in the claims of ‘new physics.’ … Langacker comprehensively demonstrates the spectacular successes of the Standard Model … This book would be of great utility to learn and do high quality particle physics in the age of LHC for both theorists and experimentalists. What about ‘new physics’? As and when this happens, the contents of the book would be helpful to focus on the matter-of-fact physics and interpret the new data. …"—Contemporary Physics, Volume 52, Issue 3, 2011"… This substantial book — at more than 600 pages — gives a detailed and lucid summary of the theoretical foundations of the Standard Model, and possible extensions beyond it. …I heartily recommend it to particle physicists as a great single-volume reference, especially useful to experimentalists. It also provides a firm, graduate-level foundation for theoretical physicists who plan to pursue concepts beyond the Standard Model to a greater depth."—Philip Burrows, John Adams Institute, Oxford University, UK, CERN Courier, June 2010Table of ContentsNotation and ConventionsReview of Perturbative Field TheoryLie Groups, Lie Algebras, and SymmetriesGauge TheoriesThe Strong Interactions and QCDCollider PhysicsThe Weak InteractionsThe Standard Electroweak TheoryNeutrino Mass and MixingBeyond the Standard ModelAppendix A: Canonical Commutation RulesAppendix B: Derivation of a Simple Feynman DiagramAppendix C: Unitarity, the Partial Wave Expansion, and the Optical TheoremAppendix D: Two, Three, and nBody Phase SpaceAppendix E: Calculation of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the ElectronAppendix F: BreitWigner ResonancesAppendix G: Implications of P, C, T, and Gparity for Nucleon Matrix ElementsAppendix H: Quantum Mechanical Analogs of Symmetry Breaking

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Book SynopsisAs you read this, billions of neutrinos from the sun are passing through your body, antimatter is sprouting from your dinner and the core of your being is a chaotic mess of particles known only as quarks and gluons.If the recent discovery of the Higgs boson piqued your interest, then Why The Universe Exists will take you deeper into the world of particle physics, with leading physicists and New Scientist exploring how the universe functions at the smallest scales. Find out about hunt for dark matter and why there is something rather than nothing. Discover how accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland are rewinding time to the first moments after the big bang, and how ghostly neutrino particles may hold the answers to the greatest mysteries of the universe. ABOUT THE SERIESNew Scientist Instant Expert books are definitive and accessible entry points to the most important subjects in science; subjects that challenge, attract debate, invite controversy and engage the most enquiring minds. Designed for curious readers who want to know how things work and why, the Instant Expert series explores the topics that really matter and their impact on individuals, society, and the planet, translating the scientific complexities around us into language that's open to everyone, and putting new ideas and discoveries into perspective and context.

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Book Synopsis'Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet'How did it all begin?Is there a God?Throughout his extraordinary career, Stephen Hawking expanded our understanding of the universe and unravelled some of its greatest mysteries. In How Did It All Begin? the world famous cosmologist and bestselling author of A Brief History of Time explores the fundamental questions of our existence.'A brilliant mind' Daily TelegraphBrief Answers, Big Questions: this stunning paperback series offers electrifying essays from one of the greatest minds of our age, taken from the original text of the No. 1 bestselling Brief Answers to the Big Questions.

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Book SynopsisIn the opening chapter the method of statistical geometry, based on the construction of a Voronoi polyhedral, is applied to the pattern recognition of atomic environments and to the investigation of the local order in molecular dynamics-simulated materials. Next, the authors discuss the methodology of bimolecular simulations and their advancements, as well as their applications in the field of nanoparticle-biomolecular interactions. The theory of molecular dynamics simulation and some of the recent molecular dynamics methods such as steered molecular dynamics, umbrella sampling, and coarse-grained simulation are also discussed. The use of auxiliary programs in the cases of modified cyclodextrins is discussed. Additionally, results from molecular dynamics studies on cases of inclusion compounds of molecules of different sizes and shapes encapsulated in the same host cyclodextrin have been examined and compared. In closing, the authors discuss the methodology of molecular dynamics simulation with a non-constant force field. In the context of molecular simulations, the term "force field" refers to a set of equations and parameters for the calculation of forces acting on the particles of the system and its potential energy.

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Book SynopsisMuon plays an increasingly important role in particle, nuclear, and atomic physics, and in applied research. The muon with the muon neutrino and strange and charm quarks create second generation of the Standard Model particles. Unique properties of muons, including its electric charge, mass, and lack of interaction via strong force made this particle a unique tool for discoveries of new elementary particles, including the Higgs boson, over last half a century. The prompt (by cascade transitions) and delayed (by weak muon capture) fission of heavy nuclei in muonic atoms became an important aspect of research. Use of muons as a probe particle to study various solid state samples recently developed in a separate branch of science. Muons can be used in the cold fusion for efficient energy production in the future. The studies of the processes beyond the Standard Model, the proton radius puzzle, the rare decays of the muon and its conversion into an electron and muonium into antimuonium, and hints of a difference in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon from predicted by the Standard Model, have become hot research topics. Muons are proposed to be used in accelerators providing ultra high intensity neutrino beams which will be used for studies of neutrinos, including their oscillations, which could shed a light on matter-antimatter universe asymmetry as well as for "Higgs factories" where a large number of Higgs bosons can be produced for in depth understanding of this recently discovered particle. This book describes various aspects of modern physics involving muons.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/modern-muon-physics-selected-issues/

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Book SynopsisDynamic light scattering (DLS) is an important concept that has found applications in the characterization of the biophysical properties of materials for a wide range of applications. DLS studies are extensively employed in material science and engineering to evaluate particle size distribution and surface charge for applications in nanomaterial synthesis, biomolecular analysis, pharmaceutical development and environmental applications. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of research advances relating to the principle and applications of DLS in various fields. The book is divided into two parts - Part 1 discusses the uses of DLS in material science and engineering applications and Part 2 focuses on applications of DLS in biological sciences. Chapter 1-DLS Studies: Recent Trends in Characterization-aims to provide an overview of the working principle, mathematical models and different types of DLS analysis methods. In addition, recent trends in DLS studies and applications in various fields are also discussed. Chapter 2-Application of DLS Technique in Nanomaterial Characterization-discusses the uses of DLS for nanomaterial characterization in terms of the size, size distribution and zeta potential of particles. Chapter 3-Potentialities of DLS with SAXS Studies to Analyze Heterogenous Nanocatalyst- compares two techniques (DLS and SAXS) and provides evidence that nanocatalyst can be characterized more effectively by modifying DLS with SAXS. In Chapter 4-DLS Studies on Self-Assembling Copolymer Nanostructures-the authors demonstrate the application of DLS in characterizing self-assembling and stimuli-responsive di-block copolymers in aqueous media and their association with low molecular weight drugs. Chapter 5- Slow and Ultraslow Relaxations in Molecular and Ionic Liquids-based Unary and Binary Systems-discusses slow and ultraslow dynamics, probed by DLS measurements, in common organic molecular liquids, ionic liquids (ILs), aqueous solutions of salts and molecular solids and liquid-liquid binary mixtures. In part 2, Chapter 6-Applications of DLS Studies in Phytochemical Analysis- discusses the application of dynamic light scattering for particle size determination using natural phytochemicals derived from plants. Chapter 7-Applications of DLS in Pharmaceutical Industry- is a comprehensive review of DLS analysis in pharmaceutical research, development and production. Chapter 8-DLS Studies of the Protein-Surfactant System-discusses the relationship between viscosity and DLS measurement using the growth behavior of SDS micelle. The authors of'Chapter 9-Applications of DLS Studies in Microbial Surface Charge Analysis-provides an overview of the wider applications of DLS studies in evaluating the surface charge of microbes via zeta potential analysis. Additionally, the mechanisms of microbial surface charge in elevating their growth rate is also discussed. The final chapter-Overview and Future Perspective of DLS Studies-is a brief summary of the application of DLS analysis in various fields and the relevant considerations for DLS analysis in particle characterization. In addition, hybrid instrumentation and DLS coupling with other techniques are discussed. We hope that this book will help to enlighten undergraduates and graduates research students as well as early and seasoned researchers on advances in DLS techniques and emerging applications.Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgementsDynamic Light Scattering Studies: Recent Trends in CharacterizationApplications of Dynamic Light Scattering Technique in Nanomaterial CharacterizationsPotentialities of Dynamic Light Scattering with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies to Analyze Heterogeneous NanocatalystsDynamic Light Scattering Studies on Self-Assembling Copolymer NanostructuresSlow and Ultraslow Relaxations in Molecular and Ionic Liquids-Based Unary and Binary SystemsApplications of Dynamic Light Scattering Studies in Phytochemical AnalysisApplications of Dynamic Light Scattering in Pharmaceutical IndustryDynamic Light Scattering Studies of the Protein-Surfactant SystemApplications of Dynamic Light Scattering Studies in Microbial Surface Charge AnalysisOverview and Future Perspective of Dynamic Light Scattering StudiesAbout the EditorsIndex.

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Book SynopsisThe book describes our up-to-date knowledge of the Universe and suggests a new theory, the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", which explains the creation and the functioning of the material part of our Universe and the whole Cosmos. The first five chapters described herein cover the evolution of human knowledge about the Universe, the Universe as it is known today, the elementary particles and the fundamental forces, the theory of the big bang and the other existing cosmological theories about the creation. After the above, the author presents the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", a revolutionary theory that explains in an original and innovative way the creation and the evolution of our Cosmos. Next the reader will find the answers, according to the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", to some questions that still remain unanswered today about the creation such as where have the huge amounts of energy that exist in the universe been found? Does antimatter exist and, if so, where is it? Etc. The last chapter is a brief summary of the theory of the unification of the fundamental forces and physical theories. This chapter, in any case, is an introduction to the subject of the unifications and was written for readers who want to know more about this issue.Table of ContentsPreface; Some Words about the Theory of the Chain Reaction; Acknowledgment; Introduction; General Facts; The Evolution of the Human Knowledge about the Universe; The Universe as it is Known Today; Matter, Elementary Particles and Fundamental Forces; The Cosmological Theories and the Theory of the Big Bang; The Theory of the Chain Reaction; The Creation of our Universe, the other Universes, the Antiuniverses and the Cosmos; A Brief, Imaginary, Theoretical Journey to an Antiuniverse; The Fundamental Unanswered Questions about the Creation: The Answers of the Theory of the Chain Reaction; The Theory of the Chain Reaction, the Trilogy of the Creation and the Unification of the Fundamental Forces and Physical Theories; Epilogue; Glossary and a Brief Explanation of Several Basic Terms Used in This Book; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisSpectral Line Shapes Proceedings Of The 11th International Conference, Carry Le Rouet, France, 8-12 June 1992

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Book SynopsisQuantum Mass Theory Compatible With Quantum Field Theory

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Book SynopsisThis is an introductory approach to the electron-atom scattering theoretical formulation. It focuses on the mathematical tools and on the physics underlying the modern description of electrons, atoms, and electron-atom scattering. It is organised into four parts each divided into two chapters. Chapter headings: The Fundamental Equations; The General Formalism; Atoms; Elastic and Inelastic Scattering; Relativistic Equations; Quantum-Relativistic Scattering; Electrons Impinging on Solids; The Monte Carlo Simulations.

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Book SynopsisElectron Scattering on Complex Atoms (Ions)

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Book SynopsisElectromagnetic Response Functions of Nuclei

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors discuss current research in the study of bosons. Topics include boson fields in solid state physics; heavy gravitations on-shell decay of Higgs Boson at a high scale of energy; gauge theory extension to include number scaling by boson fields; quantum hydrodynamic descriptions of quantum gases with different interactions; and quantum theory of the Seebeck coefficient in YBCO.

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Book SynopsisQuantum physics has turned our commonsense notion of reality on its head. This accessible book describes in layperson's terms the strange phenomena that exist at the quantum level--a world of tiny dimensions where nothing is absolutely predictable, where we rethink causality, and information seemingly travels faster than light. The author, a veteran physicist, uses illuminating analogies and jargon-free language to illustrate the basic principles of the subatomic world and show how they explain everything from the chemistry around us to the formation of galaxies. He also explains how scientists and engineers interact with this nebulous reality and, despite its mysteries, achieve results of great precision.Up front is a brief history of the early 20th-century "quantum revolution," focusing on some of the brilliant individuals whose contributions changed our view of the world--Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schroedinger, and others. The work concludes with a discussion of the many amazing inventions that have resulted from quantum theory, including lasers, semiconductors, and the myriad of electronic devices that use them.Lucidly written, this book conveys the excitement of discovery while expanding the reader's appreciation for a science that explores the basis of everything we know.Trade Review""Well-written and easy to read. Quantum Fuzz is an excellent introduction for anyone reading about physics for the first time, and also a good review for physics students. Very comprehensive and enjoyable. Highly recommended.”—Barry Parker, author of The Physics of War “Quantum Fuzz is an engaging book that ventures way beyond what the title implies. As promised, Walker explains quantum mechanics to a general audience by way of analogies, a difficult task that he accomplishes smoothly. But he doesn't stop there. Astronomy, computers, physics, and some aspects of modern technology from his professional engineering experience are addressed with clear, precise explanations. As a bonus, chemistry and the periodic table have the most cogent exposition I have ever seen, especially since it is viewed from a physics standpoint. This is a welcome addition to any thoughtful person's library.”—Arthur W. Wiggins, Physics Professor Emeritus at Oakland Community College and coauthor of The Human Side of Science “Walker brings to life one of the most strange, fascinating, and beautiful descriptions of our physical world. . . . Human beings and things here on Earth are all made of atoms. Yet most people know nothing of their diffuse, fascinating symmetries, and how these forms determine much of the properties of our universe. This book is an opportunity to 'come on board and sail to new lands of understanding.'" —David Toback, author of Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math“A good introduction for the general reader to the theory and applications of quantum mechanics. It includes one of the best descriptions of the history of the discovery of quantum mechanics that I have seen.”—Fred Kuttner, PhD, coauthor of Quantum Enigma: Physics Encounters Consciousness “Guided by Walker's careful, clear, and comfortable writing, you will discover a new way of understanding matter, energy, and the universe as a whole.”—Alfred "Fred” B. Bortz, PhD, author, and winner of the American Institute of Physics Science Writing Award

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding the nature of the world requires improving our knowledge of the microworld. In this regard, the book gives a fairly comprehensive understanding of the basics of the atom, its structure, and spectral characteristics. The book consistently describes historical experiments with appropriate visual illustrations that help to better understand the development of ideas about the atom. The book contains information about the most basic models of the structure of atoms, ranging from the planetary model of the structure of the atom according to Rutherford, and ending with the basics of quantum theory, which is still relevant today. It is known that atoms can interact with each other, forming more complex structures - molecules, and knowledge about the type of chemical bond between atoms in a molecule is an important aspect in studying the structure of matter and predicting their chemical and physical properties, that can be gained through a logically structured information in the book. Importantly, the book discusses advanced methods for studying matter at the atomic level, including various types of scanning microscopy, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The book will be useful both for those who wish to deepen their knowledge about the atom, the regularities in changing the properties of an atom in the periodic table, modern research methods, and those who are interested in the nature of the world, especially on a nanometer scale.

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Book SynopsisThe reader will find in this collection a clear exposition of the method of the Screen Constant by Nuclear Charge Unit which can be applied in a simple and immediate way to many fields of Physics in relation to atomic spectroscopy.Table of ContentsForeword xi Preface xv Introduction xix Part 1 1 Chapter 1. Different Photoionization Processes, Rydberg Series 3 1.1. Photoionization processes 3 1.2. Rydberg Series 10 Chapter 2. Experimental and Theoretical Methods of Photoionization 21 2.1. Experimental methods 21 2.2. Theoretical methods 22 2.3. Absolute photoionization cross-section 24 2.4. Analysis of resonance energies and quantum defect 28 Chapter 3. General Formalism of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge Method Applied to Photoionization 33 3.1. Genesis of the screening constant by unit nuclear charge method 33 3.2. Expression of the total energy of three-electron atomic systems 43 3.3. General expressions of the resonance energies and widths of Rydberg series of multi-electron atomic systems 48 Part 2. Applications in the Calculations of Energies and Natural Widths of the Resonance States ofMulti-Electron Atomic Systems 55 Introduction to Part 2 57 Chapter 4. Application to the Calculation of Energies of Two-electron Atomic Systems (Helium-like Systems) 59 4.1. Energy of the ground state of helium-like systems 59 4.2. Energy of the excited states, 1sns 1,3Se, of helium-like systems 61 4.3. Energy of the doubly excited symmetric states, ns2 and np2, of helium-like systems 65 4.4. Calculation of the resonance energies and natural widths of the Rydberg series, 2 (1,0)n1Se, of the helium atom 67 4.5. Effect of the nucleus on the accuracy of semi-empirical calculations 71 4.6. Resonance energy of the Rydberg series, 2 (1,0)n1,3P°and 2 (1,0)n−P°, of the Li+ helium-like ion 72 4.7. Resonance energies of the Rydberg series,1,3Se, of the Li+ helium-like ion converging toward the excitation threshold, n = 2 78 4.8. Calculation of the energies of the Rydberg states,3 (1,1)n 1P0, of helium-like systems 80 4.9. Physical interpretation of the angular-correlation quantum number, K 82 Chapter 5. Calculating the energies of Three-electron Atomic Systems (Lithium-like Systems) 117 5.1. Energy of the ground state of lithium-like systems 117 5.2. Energy of the doubly excited states, ls2snl 2L, of lithium-like systems 119 5.3. Energy of the doubly excited states, ls2sns 2S, of lithium-like systems 123 5.4. Energy of the single excitation states, 1s2nl 2L„Ãn(1 ≤ƒnl ≤ƒn3), of lithium-like systems 132 Chapter 6. Application in the Resonant Photoionization of Atomic Systems of Atomic Numbers Z = 4–12 149 6.1. Resonance energies of the Rydberg series, (2pns 1P°) and (2pnd 1P°), of beryllium 149 6.2. Resonance energies of the excited states, 1s2p4 2,4L, of five-electron atomic systems (boron-like systems) 153 6.3. Energies and widths of the Rydberg series, 2pns 1,3P°and 2pnd 1.3P°, of the beryllium-like B+ ion 164 6.4. Energies and widths of the Rydberg series, 2pnl 1,3P°, of beryllium-like ions C2+, N3+. ….. and Ar14+ 181 6.5. Resonance energies of the Rydberg series, 2s22p4 (1D2)ns, nd, 2s22p4 (1S0)ns, nd and 2s2p5 (3P2)np, of the Ne+ ion 206 6.6. Energies of the Rydberg series, 2s22p2 (1D)nd (2L), 2s22p2 (1S)nd (2L), 2s2p3(5S0)np (4P) and 2s22p3 (3D)np, of the F2+ ion 222 6.7. Energies and widths of the Rydberg series, 3pns 1.3P, 3pnd 1.3P and 3pnd 3D, of magnesium (Mg) 230 6.8. Energies and widths of several resonance states resulting from the photoexcitation 1s →2p of the N3+ and N4+ ions 245 Chapter 7. Resonant Photoionization of Sulfur (S) and Ar+, Se+, Se2+ and Kr+ Ions 255 7.1. Photoionization of sulfur 255 7.2. Photoionization of the krypton ion (Kr+) 264 7.3. Photoionization of the Argon ion (Ar+) 270 7.4. Resonant photoionization of the selenium ions, Se+, Se2+ and Se3+ 283 Conclusion 319 Appendices 325 Appendix 1. Detailed Calculation of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge Relative to the Ground State of Two-electron Atomic Systems 327 Appendix 2. Formalism of Slater’s Atomic Orbital Theory 335 Appendix 3. Modified Formalism of the Atomic Orbital Theory 341 Bibliography 353 Index 371

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Book SynopsisThis book details recent advances in all aspects related to scale transition in crystal plasticity and damage, with a particular focus on the challenges associated with the characterization and modeling of this class of complex interactions. The following topics are included: Innovative characterization techniques (multi-scale characterization, SEMTEM coupling, TEM-micro-diffraction coupling, in-situ mechanical tests, localization, image correlation, displacement field measurements, tomography, etc.). Computational crystal plasticity and damage (dislocation dynamics and ab initio calculations, microstructure evolution of polycrystals, comparison between FE, fast Fourier transform and self-consistent approaches, intragranular slip, heterogeneities, discrete approaches, etc.). The book gathers together selected papers from the invited lectures presented at the 3rd and 4th US-France Symposia organized by the editors under the auspices of the International Center for Applied Computational Mechanics (ICACM).

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Book SynopsisComprehensive single source for the theory on and status of current research into laser light pressure on atoms and atomic particles. Part I presents the fundamentals of the theory of resonance light pressure, analyzes the basic relations of the radiatio9n force acting on atomic particles, discusses the properties of light pressure for fields of spatial and time structure. Part II describes investigations into the control of atoms and atomic ions by laser pressure, the cooling of atomic beams, and localized atomic ions. It also describes applications of cooled atoms and ions in atomic physics and spectroscopy.

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Book SynopsisThis book is based on Valery Zagrebaev's original papers and lecture materials on nuclear physics with heavy ions, which he prepared and extended through many years for the students of nuclear physics specialties.Thе book outlines the main experimental facts on nuclear reactions involving heavy ions at low energies. It focuses on discussions of nuclear physics processes that are a subject of active, modern research and it gives illustrative explanations of these phenomena in the framework of up-to-date theoretical concepts.This textbook is intended for students in physics who have completed a standard course of quantum mechanics and have basic ideas of nuclear physics processes.It is designed as a kind of lifeboat that, at the end of the course, will allow students to navigate the modern scientific literature and to understand the goals and objectives of current, on-going research.Table of Contents1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62. Nuclear interactions and classes of nuclear reaction . . . . . . . . . 122.1. Nucleon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleus interactions, nuclear mean field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2. Nucleus-nucleus interaction: folding and phenomenological potentials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.2.1. Folding potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2.2. Woods-Saxon potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.2.3. Proximity potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2.4. Bass potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2.5. Comparison of diabatic potentials for the nucleus-nucleusinteraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2.6. Dependence of potential energy on nuclear orientation . 232.2.7. Dependence of potential energy on dynamical deformations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.3. Classification of nuclear reactions, experimental procedures, cross sections and kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273. Elastic scattering of nucleons and heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.1. Scattering in a Coulomb field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.2. Elastic scattering of protons and neutrons. Optical model . . . 373.3. Elastic scattering of light ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.4. Applicability of classical mechanics and trajectory analyses . . 453.5. Nuclear rainbow and diffraction scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.6. Elastic scattering of heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564. Quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions and few-nucleon transfer reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.1. Direct process of light-particle transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.2. Distorted-wave description of direct reactions . . . . . . . . . . 614.3. Single-particle states and cluster states, spectroscopic factors . 624.4. Inelastic excitation of vibrational and rotational states . . . . . 654.5. Quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.6. Reactions of few-nucleon transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745. Deep-inelastic scattering of nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.1. Experimental systematics of deep-inelastic scattering and quasifission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.2. Potential energy of heavy nuclear systems, diabatic and adiabatic driving potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.2.1. Nucleon transfer and driving potentials . . . . . . . . . 855.2.2. Macro-microscopic model and the adiabatic potential energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865.3. Transport equations for deep-inelastic nuclear collisions: Frictional forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.4. Calculation of deep-inelastic cross sections . . . . . . . . . . . 965.5. Analysis of deep-inelastic scattering and quasi-fission . . . . . . 995.6. Multi-nucleon transfer reactions. Synthesis of heavy neutronrich nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046. Fusion of atomic nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136.1. Detecting fission fragments and evaporation residues from the compound nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146.2. Statistical model for the decay of an excited nucleus . . . . . . 1166.3. Fusion at above-barrier energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1256.4. Sub-barrier fusion. Hill–Wheeler formula . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276.5. Coupled channels. Empirical and quantum description of fusion 1296.6. Barrier distribution function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1346.7. Neutron transfer in the process of sub-barrier fusion . . . . . . 1356.8. Synthesis of superheavy elements in fusion reactions . . . . . . 1426.9. Radiative capture of light nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

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Book SynopsisHave you ever wondered how a nuclear power station works? This lively book will answer that question. It’ll take you on a journey from the science behind nuclear reactors, through their start-up, operation and shutdown. Along the way it covers a bit of the engineering, reactor history, different kinds of reactors and what can go wrong with them. Much of this is seen from the viewpoint of a trainee operator on a Pressurised Water Reactor - the most common type of nuclear reactor in the world. Colin Tucker has spent the last thirty years keeping reactors safe. Join him on a tour that is the next best thing to driving a nuclear reactor yourself!Trade Review“The book is great with the perfect mid-point of useful technical detail and easily understandable explanations. An excellent read for anyone interested in something a bit more in-depth than most popular science books, just so long as you go in with your brain switched on.” (Popular Science, popsciencebooks.blogspot.com, September 7, 2020)“It should be of interest to both general readers wanting to know how a nuclear reactor works, those new to the industry, and specialists wanting a broader overview. … The book is well produced, well written and the author’s enthusiasm and sense of humour come over.” (Nigel Buttery, Nuclear Future, May-June, 2020)Table of ContentsOne Man and His Dog.- Physics is Phun.- Being Friendly to Neutrons.- Criticality is Not as Bad as it Sounds.- What Makes Nuclear Special?.- The Thing you put your Reactor in.....- Pull the Rods Out and Stand Back.- Watt Power?.- Your Reactor is Stable (Part One).- You've got to do Something with all that Steam....- The Big Red Button.- Your Reactor is Stable (Part Two).- Putting a Spin on it.- Going Up!.- Power, and How to Change it.- Steady Power with Nothin to do?.- It's All About Safety.- What Can Go Wrong (and what you can do about it...).- Smaller isn't Always Easier.- What Else Can Go Wrong?.- When you run out of Oomph.- Other Reactor Designs are Available.- How to Build your own Reactor.- And there's more....- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis third open access volume of the handbook series deals with accelerator physics, design, technology and operations, as well as with beam optics, dynamics and diagnostics. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open accessTable of ContentsAccelerators, Colliders and Their Application.- Beam Dynamics.- Non-linear Dynamics in Accelerators.- Impedance and Collective Effects.- Interactions of Beams With Surroundings.- Design Principles for Synchrotrons and Circular Colliders.- Design Principles for Linear Accelerators and Linear Colliders.- Accelerator Engineering and Technology.- Accelerator Operations.- The Largest Accelerators and Colliders of Their Time.- Applications of Accelerators and Storage Rings.- Outlook for the Future.- Cosmic Particle Accelerators.

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Book SynopsisThis second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. The Interaction of Radiation with Matter.- Chapter 3. Scintillation Detectors for Charged Particles and Photons.- Chapter 4. Gaseous Detectors.- Chapter 5. Solid State Detectors.- Chapter 6. Calorimetry.- Chapter 7. Particle Identification: Time-of-Flight, Cherenkov and Transition Radiation Detectors.- Chapter 8. Neutrino Detectors.- Chapter 9. Nuclear Emulsions.- Chapter 10. Signal Processing for Particle Detectors.- Chapter 11. Detector Simulation.- Chapter 12. Triggering and High-Level Data Selection.- Chapter 13. Pattern Recognition and Reconstruction.- Chapter 14. Distributed Computing.- Chapter 15. Statistical Issues in Particle Physics.- Chapter 16. Integration of Detectors Into a Large Experiment: Examples From ATLAS andCMS.- Chapter 17. Neutrino Detectors under Water and Ice.- Chapter 18. Space Borne Experiments.- Chapter 19. Cryogenic Detectors.- Chapter 20. Detectors in Medicine and Biology.- Chapter 21. Solid State Detectors for High Radiation Environments.- Chapter 22. Future Developments of Detectors.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the first graduate-level, self-contained introduction to recent developments that lead to the formulation of the configuration-interaction approach for open quantum systems, the Gamow shell model, which provides a unitary description of quantum many-body system in different regimes of binding, and enables the unification in the description of nuclear structure and reactions. The Gamow shell model extends and generalizes the phenomenologically successful nuclear shell model to the domain of weakly-bound near-threshold states and resonances, offering a systematic tool to understand and categorize data on nuclear spectra, moments, collective excitations, particle and electromagnetic decays, clustering, elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections, and radiative capture cross sections of interest to astrophysics. The approach is of interest beyond nuclear physics and based on general properties of quasi-stationary solutions of the Schrödinger equation – so-called Gamow states. For the benefit of graduate students and newcomers to the field, the quantum-mechanical fundamentals are introduced in some detail. The text also provides a historical overview of how the field has evolved from the early days of the nuclear shell model to recent experimental developments, in both nuclear physics and related fields, supporting the unified description. The text contains many worked examples and several numerical codes are introduced to allow the reader to test different aspects of the continuum shell model discussed in the book.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Discrete Spectrum and the Continuum.- One- and Two-Particle Systems.- Shell Model in Berggren Basis.- No-Core Gamow Shell Model.- Unification of Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Reactions.- Collective Phenomena.- Conclusions and Open Problems.

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