Armed conflict Books

Book SynopsisThrough a combination of detailed case studies of humanitarian emergencies and thematic chapters which cover key concepts, actors and activities, this book explores the work of the largest international humanitarian agencies.Trade ReviewThis would be an excellent textbook in an upper-division undergraduate or graduate course on current approaches to humanitarian responses. Researchers and practitioners can draw a great deal from the array of recent literature included in this book. Well organized and written, this book deserves a wide audience. * Choice *Table of Contents1: Introduction: Humanitarian Emergencies Part one: Case studies Introduction to part one: A Brief History of Modern Humanitarian Action 2: The Nigerian Civil War, 1967-70 3: Drought and Famine in Ethiopia, 1983-85 4: The Bosnian War, 1992-95 5: Genocide in Rwanda and its Aftermath, 1994-96 6: Afghanistan, 2001-14 7: The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 8: Sri Lanka, 2008-09 9: Haiti Earthquake, 2010 10: Famine in Somalia, 2011-12 11: Ebola in West Africa, 2014-15 12: The 2015-16 European

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Book SynopsisAn insider's account of Iran's people, its politics, and the threat of invasionTrade Review'This is a stunning, eye-opening book, a powerful resource and inspiring read' -- Peace NewsTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements I 1. May Day in Children’s Park 2. Springs interrupted 3. The sword that chopped off America’s hand 4. Millionaire mullah bonanza 5. The Islamic Republic of Dust 6. Outcry 7. Intifada of the provinces 8. Obituary of a reformism 9. A meek president and his assertive subjects II. 10. Behind those high walls: Overtures of war 11. Terror at the theatre 12. The matter with the bomb 13. A waterfall out of reach 14. A fighter dog emasculated 15. Real men on their way to Tehran 16. A people caught in crossfire 17. Theses on a country of contradictions Glossary Timetable System of the IRI Index

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Book SynopsisNewly reprinted, Against the Wall includes large-scale works primarily based on media imagery and newspaper clippings documenting the conflict between Israel and Palestine, exploring the tension between the photographic documentation of reality and the constructed, imaginary space of painting. Originally published in 2010 on the occasion of Against the Wall, Dumas’s first solo presentation at David Zwirner in New York, this much sought-after exhibition catalogue—which sold out shortly after publication—has been reprinted to coincide with the artist’s 2014–2015 European retrospective exhibition The Image as Burden, organized by Tate Modern, London in collaboration with the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam and the Fondation Beyeler, Basel. Described by Deborah Solomon in a New York Times profile as “one of contemporary art’s most compelling painters,” Marlene Dumas has continuously explored the complex range of human emotions, often probing questions of gender, race, sexuality, and economic inequality through her dramatic and at times haunting figural compositions. Throughout her career, the internationally renowned artist has continually created lyrically charged compositions that eulogize the frailties of the human body, probing issues of love and melancholy. At times her subjects are more topical, merging socio-political themes with personal experience and art-historical antecedents to reflect unique perspectives on the most salient and controversial issues facing contemporary society. The large-scale works included in Against the Wall are primarily based on media imagery and newspaper clippings documenting the conflict between Israel and Palestine, exploring the tension between the photographic documentation of reality and the constructed, imaginary space of painting. The Wall, the painting that began the series, at first appears to present a scene at the Western Wall (also known as the Wailing Wall), an important site of religious pilgrimage located in Jerusalem. However, this work is based upon a photograph from a newspaper that portrayed a group of Orthodox Jews on their way to pray at Rachel’s Tomb in Bethlehem. Through her delicate treatment of every scene, Dumas destabilizes preconceived notions about what, in fact, is being pictured—engaging the often ambiguous nature of ideas like truth or justice. “In a sense they are my first landscape paintings,” Dumas further notes in the catalogue, “or should I say ‘territory paintings.’ That is why they are so big.” The somber color plates reproduced in the publication are given context by Dumas’s own musings, a text framed as a letter to David Zwirner in which she tries to tell him “about the ‘why’ ” of this powerful series.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a former military lawyer, the book will be of interest to military commanders, their staff and legal advisers but also to officials in Foreign and Defence Ministries and non governmental agencies working in conflict situations, as well as staff of international courts and tribunals dealing with war crimes. -- .Table of Contents1 General principles Armed conflict Military necessity Humanity Rule of distinction Civilians and combatants Taking a direct part in hostilities Civilian property and military targets Civilians and civilian objects protected Rule of proportionality Indiscriminate attacks Customary law Treaty law Definition of attack2 Enemy armed forces I Good faith Who is a member of the enemy armed forces? Child fighters Perfidy and ruses of war Perfidy Ruses of war Difference between perfidy and ruses of war Tactics: ambush, sniping, sabotage Uniform Use of enemy uniform Misuse of emblems Intelligence gathering Assassination Outlawry Psychological warfare II Humanity Attacking food and water used by members of enemy armed forces Surrender Safeguard of persons hors de combat Occupants of aircraft and vehicles Quarter Unusual conditions of combat Wounded, sick and dead Prisoners of war Humane treatment Maintenance and medical treatment Searching Security Interrogation Evacuation3 Wounded, sick and shipwrecked The Geneva emblem Objects of protection The wounded, sick, shipwrecked, dead and missing Medical units Medical personnel Protection Identification Retained personnel Use of arms Duties Medical installations and equipment Medical transports General protection Medical aircraft Medical ships and craft Neutrality law and the wounded and sick Religious personnel Hospital and safety zones4 Military objectives Current Law The Gulf war 1991 Kosovo 1999 A reappraisal of the definition of military objectives? Afghanistan 2001 Iraq 2003 Television stations as targets Conclusions Examples of military objectives Objects protected from attack5 Precautions in attack The Hague Regulations Destruction or damage Non-combatants Warnings Assault Bombardment Necessary steps Precautions Air Warfare Rules Greco-German Mixed Arbitral Tribunal Second World War Practice Air warfare Monte Cassino Events From 1945 to1977 Current Law Precautions in attack ‘Attack’ and ‘feasible’ Precautions ‘Concrete and direct’ Warning ‘Unless circumstances do not permit’ Sieges The Gulf war 1991 Allied bombing campaign Kosovo 1999 Air-war targeting Afghanistan 2001 Iraq 2003 Legal responsibilities in practice General principles Levels of responsibility Conclusions Guidelines: offensive operations checklist Practicalities6 Precautions against the effects of attacks Current Law Precautions against the effects of attacks Remove civilians and civilian objects Avoid densely populated areas Protect civilians Feasible Own territory Using civilians to shield military objects or operations Failure of defenders; position of attackers Civil defence Zones Other protected objects Open or undefended towns7 Cultural property Protected property The Hague Regulations Air Warfare Rules Roerich Pact Draft convention of 1939 Second World War practice Cultural Property Cultural Property Convention Scope of application Definition Basic protection Special protection Enhanced protection Waiver of protection Precautions in attack Precautions in defence Occupation Transports Personnel Protective emblem Supervision Enforcement Measures for compliance Sending and receiving states Discussion Cultural property and places of worship Protocol I Discussion ICC Statute Dubrovnik Iraq The definition of cultural property Conclusions8 Environmental Protection Current Law Property protection Environmental protection ENMOD Convention Protocol I Relationship between the ENMOD Convention and Protocol I Other provisions of Protocol I Particular weapons Conventional weapons Mines and other remnants of war Nuclear weapons Incendiary weapons Chemical and biological weapons Fuel-air explosive Depleted uranium Effect on neutral states Iraq Oil pollution Nuclear facilities Diverting rivers Depleted uranium Evaluation Conclusions The future9 Belligerent occupation I Authority over occupied territory Transition for war fighting to occupation Commencement of occupation Temporary nature of occupation Legal position of parties Human rights law Duties and rights of the occupying power Duties and rights of the population Termination of occupation Postscript on Iraq II Security issues Withdrawal of right of communication Powers relating to property Use or requisitioning of private property? Destruction of property Compulsory labour Rationing Blockade Evacuation Deportations and transfers Settlements Reprisals Hostage taking Policing, riot control; resistance Short-term detention and interrogation Trial and punishment Assigned residence and internment Conditions of internment Security barriers10 The conduct of hostilities in internal armed conflicts Law applicable Existence of an armed conflict Types of internal armed conflict The conduct of hostilities in internal armed conflicts Enemy armed forces Civilian immunity Forced movement of civilians Military objectives and civilian objects Precautions in attack Precautions against the effects of attacks ` Cultural property Environmental protection Criminal responsibility Belligerent reprisals Internal armed conflicts, a summary of the rules11 Command Responsibility The war crimes trials Exception for detail Assumption of legality of orders not obviously unlawful Duty to prevent crimes Duty to take steps Knowledge Ignorance of reports Cases where commander put on notice Proof of knowledge, summary Offences by persons not under command Duty/liability Evidence Staff officers Protocol IThe commander’s responsibility for war crimes committed by his subordinates (Protocol I, Art. 86, para. 2) Duty of commanders to deal with breaches (Protocol I, Art. 87, para. 3) Recent developments ICTY Statute ICC Statute Conclusions Military discipline and superior orders12 Implementation and enforcement of the law of war I Implementation Practice Command influence Reciprocity Hostage taking prohibited Nuremberg principles Legal mechanisms Belligerent reprisals Training and dissemination International assistance International co-operation Fact-finding and inquiries International Committee of the Red Cross Compensation II Enforcement War crimes and grave breaches War crimes Grave breaches War crimes and internal armed conflict Criminal responsibility Individual criminal responsibility Responsibility of commanders Responsibility of states Mental element of war crimes Defences to war crimes charges Accident Duress Ignorance of law Mistake of fact Superior orders International Criminal Court III The contribution of the military lawyer Negotiator Manual Writer Instructor Legal adviser Some legal aspects of peace support operations Prosecutor Final remarks Bibliography

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Book SynopsisLloyd Sachikonye traces the roots of Zimbabwe's contemporary violence to the actions of the Rhodesian armed forces, and the inter-party conflicts that occurred during the liberation war.

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Book SynopsisCivil war and conflict within countries is the most prevalent threat to peace and security in the opening decades of the twenty-first century. A pivotal factor in the escalation of tensions to open conflict is the role of elites in exacerbating tensions along identity lines by giving the ideological justification, moral reasoning, and call to violence. "Between Terror and Tolerance" examines the varied roles of religious leaders in societies deeply divided by ethnic, racial, or religious conflict. The chapters in this book explore cases when religious leaders have justified or catalyzed violence along identity lines, and other instances when religious elites have played a critical role in easing tensions or even laying the foundation for peace and reconciliation. This volume features thematic chapters on the linkages between religion, nationalism, and intolerance, transnational intra-faith conflict in the Shi'a-Sunni divide, and country case studies of societal divisions or conflicts in Egypt, Israel and Palestine, Kashmir, Lebanon, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Sri Lanka, Sudan, and Tajikistan. The concluding chapter explores the findings and their implications for policies and programs of international non-governmental organizations that seek to encourage and enhance the capacity of religious leaders to play a constructive role in conflict resolution.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Religious Leaders, Conflict, and PeacemakingTimothy D. Sisk1. Religion, Nationalism, and IntoleranceDavid Little 2. Religious Leaders, Sectarianism, and the Sunni-Shia Divide in IslamNader Hashemi3. Between Intolerance and Coexistence: The Vatican, Maronites, and the War in LebanonGeorge Emile Irani4. Globalization, Religion, and Nationalism in Israel and PalestineMicheline Ishay5. Egypt and the Legacy of SectarianismScott W. Hibbard 6. Religion, War, and Peacemaking in Sudan: Shari'a, Identity Politics, and Human RightsCarolyn Fluehr-Lobban 7. Nigeria's Religious Leaders in an Age of Radicalism and NeoliberalismRosalind I. J. Hackett 8. Just Enough to Hate-Not Enough to Love: Religious Leaders in Northern Ireland Mari Fitzduff9. Religion, War, and Peace in TajikistanKarina Korostelina 10. The Spoiler and the Reconciler: Buddhism and the Peace Process in Sri LankaSusan Hayward11. Piety and Politics: Religious Leadership and the Conflict in KashmirSumit Ganguly and Praveen SwamiConclusion: From Terror to Tolerance to Coexistence in Deeply Divided SocietiesTimothy D. SiskList of ContributorsIndex

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Book SynopsisThis is a fascinating and absorbing account of the Chechen war, told less from perspective of the media and their political analysis than from the personal viewpoint of one whose work took him into the thick of it. The author worked as a Red Cross employee during the conflict and so was on hand to see some of the worst of the suffering. The author''s account vividly expresses the effects of the conflict as it hit home at the individual down at ground level. This he does through careful and, one assumes, accurate detail, while the story of the author''s work itself provides the basic narrative.

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Book SynopsisUnder the Constitution of the United States, the President is responsible for prosecuting war and directing the armed military conflicts, including attacks upon the nation. Congress is constitutionally empowered to declare war, may otherwise authorise the involvement of American armed forces in military conflict, appropriate funds for government activities and operations, including military actions, and engages in oversight to assess the extent to which government operations have been efficiently, economically and effectively conducted using appropriated funds. Congress also has a role in prescribing intelligence and foreign policy. In order to meet these responsibilities, Congress needs to be kept aware by the executive branch leaders of all the latest developments and actions that are taking place. Consequently, when on 5 October 2001, George W Bush sent a memorandum to top diplomatic, intelligence and law enforcement officials that emphasised the restriction of information disclosures to Congress, this instalment drew fire from various quarters of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Despite the speedy removal of the restrictive policy by the President, questions surfaced pertaining to the executive branches role in times of war and military conflict in informing Congress regarding American involvement in such events. This book, which is intended to provide background information, also sheds light with a brief review explaining the executive-congressional relations in this regard for 1941-2001.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides information and analysis with respect to the 2003 war with Iraq, reviews a number of war-related issues, and provides links to additional sources of information.

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Book SynopsisSince its early beginnings peace and conflict research has focused on causes of phenomena such as civil war, terrorism, and state failure. The author merges this approach with a peace causes perspective and asks why civil war happened in Peru (1980-1995) though not in Bolivia, which is striking given the structural similarities with Peru as well as a number of escalation episodes leading the country to the brink of civil war (2000-2008). He explores the political measures such as reforms and political dialogue, which prevented the country from rather hazardous consequences.Table of Contents1. Introduction1.1 Peace and Conflict Studies1.2 Escalation Reconceptualized2. Internal Violent Conflict Escalation 2.1 Republic of Peru 2.1.1 Historical Background 2.1.2 Conflict Episodes 2.1.3 Why Civil War in Peru?2.2 Plurinational State of Bolivia 2.2.1 Historical Background 2.2.2 Conflict Episodes 2.2.3 Why No Civil War in Bolivia?3. Conclusion 3.1 Variances and Parallels 3.2 Alternative Explanations 3.3 Limits of Generalization 3.4 Research Implications Bibliography

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Book Synopsis"This monograph offers vivid explanatory captions, but there is little additional text to distract from the powerful images that put a human face on conflict." — Communication Arts “Tomasevic’s images sear themselves into your consciousness. I have never seen such powerful imagery that not only captures the horror of war itself but also its heartrending impact on innocent civilians, on our sense of our own humanity. But they do much more than that. They have an iconic quality as if created with a painter’s eye for detail, composition and contrast.” - John Green, Morning Star “This powerful, terrible book conveys a Dantesque vision of our humanity. Admiration for Goran Tomašević, a wonderful Caravaggio of photography!” - Francis Kochert, Académie nationale de Metz Goran Tomašević is a living legend. Not only has he survived for 30 years in crisis zones, but he has mastered the supreme art of photography, interpreting the world in a humanistic way, following in the footsteps of Robert Capa and James Nachtwey. This powerful, terrifying book conveys a Dantesque vision of our humanity. Current circumstances lead us to believe that this madness will go on and on. Goran is just 13 years old when his father gives him his first camera - an ancient FED 5V. And with it, his life begins to become a constant adventure, described in the 444 pages of this book. The quality of his reportage and the power of his images enabled him to join the Reuters agency in 1996 and, over the next 20 years, to become one of the most awarded photographers in the world. His œuvre can be called a photographic synthesis of the arts, an eminent contribution to the great path of photo reportage and an indispensable history of the last 30 years. Goran Tomašević's credo: "If you want to present the facts authentically, you have to be where they are. That's the challenge."  Text in English, German, and French.Trade Review"This monograph offers vivid explanatory captions, but there is little additional text to distract from the powerful images that put a human face on conflict." - Communication Arts

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Book SynopsisExamines how violent conflicts reinforce patriarchy and the impact of militarization on gender, highlighting women's varied responses. Advocates for reformed democracy in S Asia that includes minority rights and multiculturalism, emphasizes women's roles, and calls for human security, justice, equality, and dismantling masculine power in warfare.

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Book SynopsisAt the beginning of the war, not a single European army was prepared in any sense, to deal with the large numbers of victims in a humanitarian way. The firepower of the armies was increased, the defense reinforced, but victim care continued to lag seriously behind. Philanthropy, private initiative and the courageous efforts of many individuals had to make up for the failing medical care during the war. As the war progressed, medical care also developed and organization and relief improved. The greatest breakthrough was, however, the recognition - albeit reluctantly - of mental trauma caused by the war. During World War I, many soldiers fell victim to bizarre, anxious and disturbed behavior, which was sometimes referred to as "shell shock". The army commanders seemed reluctant to recognize a formal diagnosis, questioning whether men were really traumatized or simply cowards who were trying to stay away from the horrific and terrifying reality of the Front. Whereas in the early 20th century, the focus was mainly on the shock itself and the outward physical symptoms, today there is a far more in-depth exploration of the complex nature of the human reaction to extreme stress as a result of traumatic events, like war. There is a recognition of a deep, life-affecting condition termed as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. This book is an emotive study of the suffering of war, which can be overwhelming. Offering both analysis and reflection, this intensely moving book looks at the way in which psychiatrists, reporters, artists and war photographers currently perceive and treat the psychological suffering, the often invisible legacy of those involved in war and human conflict.

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Book SynopsisAfter the first few months of World War I, the Western Front consisted of a relatively static line of trench systems which stretched from the coast of the North Sea southwards to the Swiss border. To try to break through the opposing lines of trenches and barbed wire entanglements, both sides employed huge artillery bombardments followed by attacks by tens of thousands of soldiers. Battles could last for months and led to casualties measured in hundreds of thousands for attacker and defender alike. After most of these attacks, only a short section of the front would have moved and only by a kilometer or two. After Gallipoli, Australians were moved to fight in France on the western Front, in battles including the Battle of the Somme. On the first day of the 1916 Battle of the Somme, 60,000 Allies were casualties, including 20,000 deaths. The principal adversaries on the Western Front, who fielded armies of millions of men, were Germany to the East against a western alliance to the West consisting of France and the United Kingdom with sizable contingents from the British Empire, especially the Dominions. The United States entered the war in 1917 and by the summer of 1918 had an army of around half a million men which rose to a million by the time the Armistice was signed on November 11, 1918. For most of World War I, Allied Forces, predominantly those of France and the British Empire, were stalled at trenches on the Western Front. With the last few men who served in World War I now dying out, and the 90th anniversary of the Armistice coming in November 2008, there is no better time to reevaluate this controversial war and shed fresh light on the conflict. With the aid of numerous black and white and color photographs, many previously unpublished, the World War I series recreates the battles and campaigns that raged across the surface of the globe, on land, at sea and in the air. The text is complemented by full-color maps that guide the reader through specific actions and campaigns.Table of ContentsIntroduction –The Entente Cordiale The Schlieffen Plan The Race to the Sea Digging in The Frustrations of 1915 Verdun The Somme The Debut of the Tank Further Reading Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewTaw's tightly argued analysis should be of interest to all readers...highly recommended. Choice Well-researched and well-written... A job well done. Marine Corps HistoryTable of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Abbreviations Introduction. Mission Creep Writ Large: The U.S. Military's Embrace of Stability Operations 1. Stability Operations in Context 2. Doctrine and Stability Operations 3. Practical Adjustments to Achieve Doctrinal Requirements 4. Explaining the Military's Mission Revolution 5. Implications of Mission Revolution 6. A New World Order? Notes Bibliography Index

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