Alternative and renewable energy sources Books

Book SynopsisCarbon membranes have great advantages of strong mechanical strength and high chemical stabilities, as well as high separation performance to reach the industrial attractive region. Further improvement on membrane performance can potentially offset the relatively high production cost compared to polymeric membranes. However, there are still some challenges related to fabrication of asymmetric carbon membranes, the controlling of structure and pore-size and module up-scaling for commercial application. The aim of this book is to provide the fundamentals on carbon membrane materials for the young researchers and engineers to develop frontier membrane materials for energy efficient separation process.This book describes the status and perspectives of both self-supported and supported carbon membranes from fundamentals to applications. The key steps on the development of high performance carbon membranes including precursor selection, tuning carbon membrane structure and regeneraTable of ContentsContentsPreface viiEditors xiPart 1. Fundamentals of Carbon Membranes1. Carbon Membrane Preparation....................................................................3Linfeng Lei and Xuezhong He2. Carbon Membrane Performance: State-of-the-Art..................................21Linfeng Lei and Xuezhong He3. Carbon Membrane Characterization..........................................................37Linfeng Lei4. Carbon Membrane Transport Mechanisms..............................................53Xuezhong HePart 2. Carbon Membrane Applications5. Carbon Membranes for Biogas Upgrading...............................................65Arne Lindbråthen6. Carbon Membranes for Natural Gas Sweetening...................................79Evangelos P. Favvas, Sotirios P. Kaldis and Xuezhong He7. Carbon Membranes for H2 Purification................................................... 115Miki Yoshimune8. Carbon Membranes for Microfiltration/Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration.....................................................................131Bing Zhang and Yonghong Wuvi Contents9. Carbon Membranes for Other Applications..........................................151Sergio San Martin Gomez, Izumi Kumakiri and Xuezhong He10. Future Perspectives......................................................................................159Xuezhong HeIndex......................................................................................................................163

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Book SynopsisThis is a comprehensive book on how to make complex decisions on energy systems problems involving different technologies, environmental effects, costs, benefits, risks, and safety issues. Using Industrial and Systems Engineering techniques for decision-making in Energy Systems, the book provides the background knowledge and methods to incorporate multiple criteria involved in solving energy system problems. It offers methods, examples, and case studies illustrating applications. Decision-Making in Energy Systems discusses subjective as well as objective methods, approaches, and techniques taken from the systems and industrial engineering domain and puts them to use in solving energy systems problems. It uses an integrated approach by including effects of all technical, economic, environmental, and safety considerations as well as costs and risks. The book is specially designed for practicing engineers from industrial/systems engineering who work in energy sysTable of ContentsSECTION I Core Building Blocks. Chapter 1. Energy Systems, Problems and Risks. Chapter 2. The Energy Picture. Chapter 3. Risk Assessment Methods. Chapter 4. Systems Engineering in Energy Systems Projects. Chapter 5. Safety Engineering in Energy Systems. SECTION II Measurements, Analysis and Decision Making. Chapter 6. Decision Making Approaches. Chapter 7. Costs, Revenues and Time Considerations. Chapter 8. Cost-Benefit Analysis. Chapter 9. Subjective Methods for Risk Assessment. SECTION III Customers, Governments and Future Changes. Chapter 10. Energy Users, Societal Needs and Energy Providers. Chapter 11. Government Regulations. Chapter 12. Meeting Future Automotive Fuel Economy and Emissions Requirements. SECTION IV Current Issues Facing the Energy Industries. Chapter 13. Smart Grid. Chapter 14. Electricity Storage Technologies. Chapter 15. Infrastructure Standardization for Electric Vehicles. SECTION V Applications of Methods: Examples and Illustrations. Chapter 16. Selection of Power Generation Alternatives. Chapter 17. Sensitivity and Monte Carlo Analyses. Appendix 1. Terminology, Acronyms, Abbreviation and Units. Appendix 2. Project: Cost Benefit Analysis of Residential Photovoltaic Solar Panels. Appendix 3. Project: Fault Tree and Reliability Analyses. Appendix 4. Project: Decision-Making and Analytical Hierarchical Process. Appendix 5. Project: Analysis of an Energy Problem.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a broad compendium of biodegradation research and discussions on the most up-to-date bioremediation strategies. The most relevant microbiological, biochemical and genetic concepts are presented alongside the fundamentals of bioremediation. The topics include: a wide variety of contaminant impacts evaluation, key methodologies required to measure biodegradation and propose new bioremediation protocols, as well as the handling of microbial communities related to such processes. The selected collaborating authors are renowned for their microbiology expertise and will provide an in-depth reference for students and specialists. The contents provide a valuable source of information for researchers, professionals, and policy makers alike.Table of ContentsAlkylphenols and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates – Their Impact on Living Organisms, Biodegradation and Environmental Pollution. Selective-enrichment as a Tool to Obtain Microbial Degrading Consortia for the Remediation of Pesticide Residues. Using Molecular Methods to Identify and Monitor Xenobiotic-Degrading Genes for Bioremediation. Bioprospecting of Contaminated Soil for Degradation of the Drimaren X-BN Azo Dye. Saccharomyces cerevisiae a Platform for Delivery of Drugs and Food Ingredients: Encapsulation and Analysis. Biotransformation of Toxic Thiosulfate into Merchandisable Elemental Sulfur by Indigenous SOB Consortium. Removal of Oil Spills in Temperate and Cold Climates of Russia: Experience in the Creation and Use of Biopreparations Based on Effective Microbial Consortia. Microbial Biosurfactants: Remediation of Contaminated Soils. Dual Benefit of Microalgae in Bioremediation: Pollutant Removal and Biomass Valorization, a Review. Bioremediation and Biodegradation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil. Microbial Recycling of ‘Sustainable’ Bioplastics: A Rational Approach? Hydrogels and Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Removal of Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewaters. Review on Period of Biodegradability for Natural Fibers Embedded Poly Lactic Acid Bio-Composites. New Approaches on Phytoremediation of Soil Cultivated with Sugarcane with Herbicide Residues and Fertigation. Bioactivity and Degradability Study of the Bone Scaffold Developed from Labeo Rohita Fish Scale Derived Hydroxyapatite. Physiological and Metabolic Aspects of Pesticides Bioremediation by Microorganisms. Whole Effluent Toxicity Assessment of Sewage Discharge Water. Whole Effluent Toxicity Test for Ambient Water Monitoring.

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to develop a framework for the assessment of population preferences in climate change mitigation policies by applying a Willingness to Pay (WTP) approach and presents the results from several case studies in Lithuania on renewable energy generation and renovation in different households. These analyses of climate change mitigation policies and measures, based on the assessment of their effectiveness, provide recommendations for developing innovative measures in other countries. Since public preferences are variable, climate change mitigation policies can change these preferences and allow to form new ones. Features: Analyses social benefits of climate change mitigation measures and their integration methods based on assessment of public preferences. Presents several practical case studies on energy needs where the Willingness to Pay framework was applied. Discusses climate change mitigation barriers inTable of Contents Introduction. Assessment of Climate Change Mitigation Benefits and their Integration in Climate Policies. Assessment of WTP for Climate Change Mitigation in Lithuania. Lithuania’s Climate Change Mitigation Policy Related to Energy Consumption in Households. Barriers to Climate Change Mitigation in Energy Sector. Policies to Support Renovation of Multi-Flat Buildings and Address the Energy Poverty of Aging Societies. Conclusions. References.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers sustainable approaches for industrial transformation pertaining to valorization of agro-industrial byproducts. Divided into four sections, it starts with information about the agro/food industry and its byproducts, including their characterization, followed by different green technologies (principle, process strategies and extraction of bioactive compounds) applied for the management of agro industry byproducts. It further explains biotechnological interventions involved in the value addition of these byproducts. Various regulatory and environmental concerns related to by-product management along with biorefinery concept and future strategies are provided as well.Features: Provides extensive coverage of agro-industrial by products and their environmental impact Details production of value-added products from agro-industrial waste Describes environmental legislations and future strategies Presents multidisciplinary approachesTable of Contents 1. Agro-Industrial Waste as Wealth: Principles, Biorefinery and Bioeconomy 2. Sources, Composition, and Characterization of Agro-Industrial By-Products3. Microwave-assisted Extraction for Valorization of Agro-Industrial Wastes4. Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of High Value Compounds from Agro-Industrial By-Products5. Adding Values To Agro-Industrial Byproducts for a Bioeconomy In Vietnam6. Production of Enzymes from Agro-Industrial By-Products7. Bioactive Proteins and Peptides from Agro-Industrial Waste: Extraction, and Their Industrial Potential Applications8. Production of Biopigments from Agro-Industrial Waste9. Production, Characterization, and Industrial Applications of Biosurfactants from Agro-Industrial Waste10. Carbohydrate based Agro-Industrial Waste: Production and their Value Addition11. Extraction of Fatty acid and Micronutrients from Agro-Industrial Waste, and their Application in Nutraceuticals and Cosmetics12. Production Of Organic Acids From Agro-Industrial Waste and Their Industrial Utilization13. Production of Biopolymeric Nanomaterials and Nanofibres from Agro-Industrial Waste and their Applications14. Utilization of Agro-Industrial Wastes for Biofuel Generation15. Biorefinery and Circular Bioeconomy for the Management of Agro-industrial Byproducts: Review and a bibliometric analysis16. Food Loss and Waste (FLW): Environmental Concerns, Life Cycle Assessment, Regulatory Framework and Prevention Strategies for Sustainability

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to develop a framework for the assessment of population preferences in climate change mitigation policies by applying a Willingness to Pay (WTP) approach and presents the results from several case studies in Lithuania on renewable energy generation and renovation in different households. These analyses of climate change mitigation policies and measures, based on the assessment of their effectiveness, provide recommendations for developing innovative measures in other countries. Since public preferences are variable, climate change mitigation policies can change these preferences and allow to form new ones. Features: Analyses social benefits of climate change mitigation measures and their integration methods based on assessment of public preferences. Presents several practical case studies on energy needs where the Willingness to Pay framework was applied. Discusses climate change mitigation barriers inTable of Contents Introduction. Assessment of Climate Change Mitigation Benefits and their Integration in Climate Policies. Assessment of WTP for Climate Change Mitigation in Lithuania. Lithuania’s Climate Change Mitigation Policy Related to Energy Consumption in Households. Barriers to Climate Change Mitigation in Energy Sector. Policies to Support Renovation of Multi-Flat Buildings and Address the Energy Poverty of Aging Societies. Conclusions. References.

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Book SynopsisNanomaterials for Environmental Applications offers a comprehensive review of the latest advances in nanomaterials-based technologies for the treatment of emerging contaminants in wastewater. It describes the latest developments in the synthesis protocols, including the synthesis of different kinds of nanostructure materials using various physical and chemical methods.Features Discusses the synthesis and characterization of important nanomaterials such as carbon nanostructures, metal and metal oxide nanostructures, polymer nanostructures, and smart 1D-3D nanomaterials Presents the latest techniques used in the characterization of nanomaterials Covers environmental applications including the remediation of pollutants in wastewater and water purification and disinfection Examines the sources, fate, transport, and ecotoxicology of nanomaterials in the environment. Aimed at reTable of ContentsChapter 1 Applications of Nanomaterials in Environmental RemediationMoisés Canle, M. Isabel Fernández, and J. Arturo SantaballaChapter 2 Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Environmental RemediationArchana Charanpahari, Suhas Mukherjee, Sachin Ghugal, Hariprasad, E, and Tushar BhattChapter 3 Carbon Nanotubes in Wastewater RemediationMohamed H.H. Mahmoud, Mohammed Alsawat, and Tariq AltalhiChapter 4 Polymer-Based Hybrid Adsorbents for Water RemediationChandra Shekhar Kushwaha, S K Shukla, and NB SinghChapter 5 Magnetic Nanomaterials for Wastewater RemediationDimple Sharma, Sonika Singh, Jandeep Singh, and Harminder SinghChapter 6 Alumina-Based AdsorbentsShaziya H. Siddiqui, Prerna Higgins, and Runit IsaacChapter 7 Silica Nanomaterials for Water RemediationMd. Abu Taleb, Rajeev Kumar, and Mohamed Abou El-Fetouh BarakatChapter 8 Aluminosilicate-Based Adsorbents for Removal of Water Contaminants: Advanced Statistical Physics ModelsMoaaz K. Seliem, Mohamed Mobarak, Essam A. Mohamed, and Ali Q. SelimChapter 9 Antimicrobial Nanomaterials for Water DisinfectionMuzammil Anjum, Samia Qadeer, Muhammad Waqas, Azeem Khalid, Rashid Miandad, and Mohamed Abou El-Fetouh BarakatChapter 10 Soil Remediation: Application of NanoparticlesE Lokesh Goud, Prasann Kumar, and Bhupendra KoulChapter 11 Nanomaterials for Air Purification: Advances and ChallengesDaniel Pramudita, Veinardi Suendo, Muhammad Mufti Azis, and Antonius IndartoChapter 12 Nanomaterials in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Transport and EcotoxicologyThabitha P. Dasari Shareena, Asok K Dasmahapatra, and Paul B Tchounwou

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Book SynopsisThe main objective of the book is to expose readers to the basics of sustainable material forming and joining technologies, and to discuss the relationship between conventional and sustainable processes. It also provides case studies for sustainable issues in material forming and joining processes, workouts for converting conventional processes to green processes, and highlights the importance of awareness on sustainable and green manufacturing through education. The book will include green and sustainability concepts in material forming like bulk forming and sheet forming emphasizing hot forming, materials development, lubrication, and minimizing defects.Key Features Conceptualizes green and sustainability issues towards efficient material forming and joining Addresses important aspects of sustainable manufacturing by forming operations Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Sustainable Manufacturing Processes 2. Sustainability in Material Forming 3. Sustainability in Joining 4. Friction and Lubrication in Sustainable Metal Forming 5. Development in Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing 6. Steel: A Sustainable Material of the Future 7. Strategies to Improve the Forming Quality of Sheets 8. Computations and Sustainability in Material Forming 9. Hot Stamping of Ultra-High-Strength Steel Parts 10. Tubular Hydroforming and Hydropiercing 11. Some Recent Developments in Microforming 12. Mechanical Joining Processes 13. Hybrid Joining Processes 14. Green Lubricants and Lubrication 15. LASER-Based Manufacturing as a Green Manufacturing Process 16. Models and Approaches for Sustainable Performance Measurement 17. Sustainable Manufacturing—Getting Future Ready 18. Dissemination of Sustainability and Education 19. Sustainability, Health, and Environment: A Case Study of Waste Management Sector

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Book SynopsisDrying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal: For Efficient Energy Supply and Environmental Benefits provides insight into advanced technologies and knowledge of the drying of biomass, biosolids, and coal in terms of improved efficiency, economics, and environmental impact. It comprehensively covers all the important aspects of drying for a variety of biomass, biosolids and coal resources.This book covers the drying of biomass, bio-solids and coal while also providing integration of the drying process with the energy system. Important issues in the commercial drying operations are tackled, including energy and exergy efficiencies, environmental impact, and potential safety concerns. It also assesses the performance of energy production plants in integration with biomass/coal drying to provide information for plant optimization. It offers in-depth analysis and data for process understanding and design, and analyzes the drying process's effectTable of Contents1. Overview: Smart Drying Operation for Efficient Energy Processing and Environmental Benefits. 2. Drying of Woody Biomass for an Integrated Energy Plant. 3. Advances in Sludge Dewatering. 4. Advances in Bio-Drying of Sludge. 5. Advances in Algae Dewatering Technologies. 6. Drying of Algae. 7. Advances in Coal Drying. 8. Energetic and Exergetic Analyses of Coal and Biomass Drying. 9. Coal Drying: Simulation and Economic Analysis.

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Book SynopsisState-of-the-Art Approaches to Advance the Large-Scale Green Computing MovementEdited by one of the founders and lead investigator of the Green500 list, The Green Computing Book: Tackling Energy Efficiency at Large Scale explores seminal research in large-scale green computing. It begins with low-level, hardware-based approaches and then traverses up the software stack with increasingly higher-level, software-based approaches.In the first chapter, the IBM Blue Gene team illustrates how to improve the energy efficiency of a supercomputer by an order of magnitude without any system performance loss in parallelizable applications. The next few chapters explain how to enhance the energy efficiency of a large-scale computing system via compiler-directed energy optimizations, an adaptive run-time system, and a general prediction performance framework. The book then explores the interactions betweTrade Review"... doubtless a very valuable addition to the literature on its topic ..."—Shrisha Rao, Computing Reviews, August 24, 2015Table of ContentsLow-Power, Massively Parallel, Energy-Efficient Supercomputers. Compiler-Driven Energy Efficiency. An Adaptive Run-Time System for Improving Energy Efficiency. Energy-Efficient Multithreading through Run-Time Adaptation. Exploring Trade-Offs between Energy Savings and Reliability in Storage Systems. Cross-Layer Power Management. Energy-Efficient Virtualized Systems. Demand Response for Computing Centers. Implications of Recent Trends in Performance, Costs, and Energy Use for Servers.

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Book SynopsisTo best serve current and future generations, infrastructure needs to be resilient to the changing world while using limited resources in a sustainable manner. Research on and funding towards sustainability and resilience are growing rapidly, and significant research is being carried out at a number of institutions and centers worldwide.This handbook brings together current research on sustainable and resilient infrastructure and, in particular, stresses the fundamental nexus between sustainability and resilience. It aims to coalesce work from a large and diverse group of contributors across a wide range of disciplines including engineering, technology and informatics, urban planning, public policy, economics, and finance. Not only does it present a theoretical formulation of sustainability and resilience but it also demonstrates how these ideals can be realized in practice. This work will provide a reference text to students and scholars of a number of disciplines.Trade Review"The wellbeing of modern societies critically depends on the functioning of infrastructure systems. This book collects articles by well-known experts on sustainability and resilience of infrastructure systems in the face of natural hazards, including climate change, and aging. It is a must read for anyone researching or practicing in this field." — Armen Der Kiureghian, President, American University of Armenia and Taisei Professor of Civil Engineering Emeritus, University of California, USA"This truly comprehensive compendium on theories and applications of resilience for the built environment is highly recommended for those seeking a comprehensive understanding of the issues rather than a simplified "how to" guide. Composed of more than 40 contributions from leading investigators in the field, it focuses on overall goals of resilience and sustainability, with applications to buildings and infrastructure systems. Material is often mathematically rigorous and conceptually enlightening." — Ross B. Corotis, Denver Business Challenge Professor of Engineering, University of Colorado, USA"Edited by one of the leading scholars in the field, the Routledge Handbook of Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art. Essential reading for both professionals, students, and scholars working on the nexus between sustainability and resilience." — Neelke Doorn, Professor Ethics of Water Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands"As the design of sustainable and resilient infrastructure has emerged as a research stream of profound importance to humanity, it is timely that Gardoni provides an exemplary and authoritative handbook of great topical scope and rich conceptual depth. Undoubtedly, this comprehensive contribution would serve as an essential reference for scholars and practitioners concerned with this subject matter." — Mahesh Pandey, Professor and Industrial Research Chair, University of Waterloo, Canada"A rich compendium of articles ranging from engineering to social, economic and financial issues, this handbook provides one of the first comprehensive treatments of the theory, formulations and approaches for implementation of how communities can become sustainable and resilient. Moreover, articles in the book examine the planning and public policies that can enable communities to achieve a higher level of sustainability and resilience. The book is extremely valuable and possibly the "go-to" reference for researchers, educators, practitioners, urban planners and policy makers." — Anne S. Kiremidjian, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, USA"In recent decades, we have observed rapid growth of research interest and activities in sustainable and resilient infrastructures. This handbook provides a timely portrait of state-of-the-art research in a variety of related disciplines to help researchers and practitioners create dependable roadmaps for collaborative efforts toward sustainable and resilient urban communities." — Junho Song, Professor, Seoul National University, Korea"Sustainability and resilience of infrastructure systems is an important field of research and practice in engineering. The book is a collection of the most important contributions by renowned authors in the field." — Alfredo H-S. Ang, Research Professor, University of California, USA"Resilience and sustainability of cities is one of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations Development Program. This book aims to achieving this goal systematically." — Yozo Fujino, Distinguished Professor Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, JapanTable of ContentsPart I Introduction 1. Toward Sustainable and Resilient Physical Systems: Current State and Future Directions Paolo Gardoni Part II Situating and Motivating Sustainability and Resilience 2. Aligning Community Resilience and Sustainability Therese P. McAllister and Steven Moddemeyer 3. On Sustainability and Resilience of Engineered Systems Michael Havbro Faber 4. Resilience and Sustainability Goals for Communities and Quantification Metrics Jessica Boakye, Colleen Murphy and Paolo Gardoni 5. Structural Engineering Dilemmas, Resilient EPCOT, and other Perspectives on the Road to Engineering Resilience Michel Bruneau and Andrei M. Reinhorn 6. Performance-based Engineering to Achieve Community Resilience Bruce R. Ellingwood, Naiyu Wang, James Robert Harris and Therese P. McAllister Part III Resilience of Different Systems Buildings 7. Tornado Damage Modeling: Single Buildings, Communities, and Regions John W. van de Lindt, Hassan Masoomi, Navid Attary and Christine D Standohar-Alfano 8. Realizing Hurricane Resilient Communities through Distributed Computing Ahmed U. Abdelhady, Seymour M.J. Spence and Jason McCormick 9. Resilience Assessment of Community Building Portfolios Peihui Lin and Naiyu Wang 10. A Way Forward to Resilient Infrastructures against Earthquake-tsunami Multi-hazard Raffaele De Risi, Ario Muhammad and Katsuichiro Goda Transportation Infrastructure 11. Resilience Assessment of Transportation Networks Maria Nogal and Alan O’Connor 12. A Framework for Resilience Assessment of Highway Transportation Networks Navya Vishnu, Sabarethinam Kameshwar and Jamie E. Padgett 13. Physics-based Fragility Functions: Their Mathematical Formulation and Use in the Reliability and Resilience Analysis of Transportation Infrastructure Fabrizio Nocera, Armin Tabandeh, Roberto Guidotti, Jessica Boakye and Paolo Gardoni Electric and Power Infrastructure 14. Modeling the Time-varying Performance of Electrical Infrastructure During Post Disaster Recovery Using Tensors Neetesh Sharma and Paolo Gardoni Potable Water and Wastewater Infrastructure 15. A holistic framework to evaluate water availability for post-earthquake fire firefighting Negar Elhami Khorasani, Maxwell Coar, Amir Sarreshtehdari and Maria Garlock 16. Risk and Life Cycle Cost Based Asset Management Framework for Aging Water Supply System Solomon Tesfamariam, Golam Kabir and Rehan Sadiq 17. Resilience of Potable Water and Wastewater Networks Max Didier, Simona Esposito and Bozidar Stojadinovic 18. Population Dynamics and the Resiliency of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Kasey M. Faust and Jessica A. Kaminsky Cyber Infrastructure 19. Cyber Threat on Critical Infrastructure: A Growing Concern for Decision Makers Omar Kammouh and Gian Paolo Cimellaro Part IV Sustainable Materials, Design and Construction 20. Low CO2 Cement for Sustainable Concrete Maria C.G. Juenger 21. The Need for Standardized Testing for Service Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete: Ensuring Sustainable Systems David Trejo 22. The Long-term Ageing Trends of Asphalt Binders in Highway Pavements Yuhong Wang, Kecheng Zhao and Fangjin Li Part V Merging Sustainability and Resilience 23. Bridging the Gap between Sustainability and Resilience of Civil Infrastructure using Lifetime Resilience David Y. Yang and Dan M. Frangopol 24. Tradeoffs between Sustainable and Resilient Buildings Abbie B. Liel and Sarah J. Welsh-Huggins Part VI The Role of Dependencies/Interdependencies 25. The Role of Interdependencies in Infrastructure Modeling and Community Resilience Dorothy A. Reed and Shuoqi Wang 26. Probabilistic Modeling of Interdependencies for Resilient Infrastructure Systems Iris Tien 27. Modeling of Interdependent Critical Infrastructure for Regional Risk and Resilience Analysis Roberto Guidotti and Paolo Gardoni 28. Regional Resilience Analysis: A Multi-Scale Approach to Model the Recovery of Interdependent Infrastructure Neetesh Sharma, Armin Tabandeh and Paolo Gardoni Part VII The Role and Impact of Aging and Deterioration, and Life-cycle Analysis 29. Deterioration Models for Engineered Systems Javier Riascos-Ochoa and Mauricio Sánchez-Silva 30. Stochastic Life-Cycle Analysis and Performance Optimization of Deteriorating Engineering Systems using State-Dependent Deterioration Stochastic Models Gaofeng Jia and Paolo Gardoni Part VIII The Role and Impact of Climate Change 31. Infrastructure and Climate Change Mikhail Chester, Samuel Markolf, Andrew Fraser, Daniel Burillo, Emily Bondank, Yeowon Kim and Christopher Hoehne 32. Climate Change Impact on RC Structures Subjected to Chloride Ingress and Carbonation-Induced Corrosion Emilio Bastidas-Arteaga and Mark G. Stewart 33. Hazard-based Hurricane Loss Estimation Including Climate Change Impacts: Sea Surface Temperature Change David V. Rosowsky 34. A Physics-based Transportable Probabilistic Model for Climate Change Dependent Storm Surge Alessandro Contento, Hao Xu and Paolo Gardoni Part IX Smart Cities and the Role of Information and Communication Technologies 35. Exploiting Smart Technologies to Build Smart Resilient Cities Emanuele Bellini and Paolo Nesi 36. Framework for Improved Indoor Thermal Comfort through Personalized HVAC Control Da Li, Carol C. Menassa and Vineet R. Kamat 37. Reinforcement Learning for Intelligent Environments: A Tutorial Zoltan Nagy, June Y. Park and Jose R. Vazquez-Canteli Part X Multi-objective Optimization 38. Resilience-Based Restoration Optimization, Resource Location, and Importance Measures Kash Barker and Yasser Almoghathawi 39. Lifecycle Multi Criteria Decision Analysis of Buildings using Generalized Expected Utility Umberto Alibrandi and Khalid M. Mosalam Part XI The Role of Urban Planning and Public Policies 40. Addressing the Infrastructure Decay Rate in US Cities: the Case for a Paradigm Shift in Information and Communication Mark Reiner and Jennifer E. Cross 41. Balanced Urban Design Process to Create Resilient and Sustainable Urban Environments Nuwan Dias, Dilanthi Amaratunga, Kaushal Keraminiyage and Richard Haigh Part XII Economic Considerations and the Role of Insurance and Re-insurance 42. Defining Economic Recovery: An Application of the Synthetic Control Method Ryan Levitt and Sammy Zahran 43. Modeling Business Interruption as a Function of the Reliability and Resilience of Physical Infrastructure and Social Systems Fabrizio Nocera and Paolo Gardoni 44. CAT bond pricing and coverage design against natural perils Lorenzo Hofer, Paolo Gardoni and Mariano Angelo Zanini

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Book SynopsisThis book explains how social psychological concepts can be closely integrated with sociotechnical perspectives of energy transitions. It shows the value of actor-centred analysis that acknowledges the role of individual-level processes within their wider contexts of energy supply and use. In this way, the book connects social psychological and sociological frames of analysis, preserving the value of both, to provide multi-level, analytically extended accounts of energy transitions processes.Sociotechnical thinking is about the interactions of people and technology, including the rules, regulations and institutions involved. Such perspectives help to identify the many forms of path dependency that can make change difficult. Human behaviour plays a strong role in maintaining these path dependencies, but it can also introduce change. This book advocates a deliberately interdisciplinary research agenda that recognises the value of social psychological perspectives whenTrade Review"Current discussions about transitions are often dominated by techno-economic perspectives that obsess over elements like carbon and cost. This book takes a refreshing departure from that paradigm, and it explores the cognitive, psychological and behavioural elements underlying those very same transitions. It underscores that if we truly want a more sustainable future, we need to change not only the technologies we build and the market mechanisms we design, but how we think about ourselves, society, and the sociotechnical systems embedded between them all." -- Benjamin K. Sovacool, Professor of Energy Policy at the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) at the School of Business, Management, and Economics, University of Sussex, UK "Transition studies and (environmental and social) psychology have strongly contributed to our understanding of sustainability transitions. However, and surprisingly, the streams of literature have so far developed in relatively unconnected ways. I thus consider this book a valuable addition to the literature." -- Elisabeth Dütschke, Senior Scientist at Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Germany"This timely book is a must-read for all transition scholars interested in studying agency in sustainability transitions. It is also a welcome invitation for a greater engagement of social psychologists in studying the role of individuals within larger socio-technical transition processes towards sustainability. May it inspire new interdisciplinary research leading to an enhanced understanding of how to accelerate sustainability transitions in sectors such as energy, mobility or agro-food." -- Karoline Rogge, Senior Lecturer at the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) and Co-Director of the Sussex Energy Group, University of Sussex, UK, and Senior Researcher, Fraunhofer ISI, Germany"This is an important book for social scientists and others concerned with sociotechnical transitions. The authors have identified and explored a hugely significant aspect of energy transitions and energy technology diffusion, acceptance and use: the connection between individual-level psychology with sociotechnical processes. The message is very relevant: social psychology is not only important to sociotechnical transitions in the context of energy supply and use, but that the differences in analytic levels are bridgeable." -- Christian Oltra, PhD, Senior Researcher at the Centro de Investigación Socio-Técnica, CIEMAT Barcelona. Table of ContentsList of FiguresList of TablesList of BoxesPrefaceAcknowledgementsAuthor BiographiesPart I Rationale1. Introduction2. Social science approaches to energy technology acceptance and diffusion3. How is social psychology currently used in the sociotechnical sustainability transitions literature?4. Strong structuration as an integrating framework for psychological and sociological perspectivesPart II Case study applications5. The psychology of expectations in sociotechnical systems6. The role of social representations in sociotechnical transitions7. The role of values in grassroots innovations8. Socio-technical transition governance and public engagement9. Conclusions and research directionsAppendixIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book is ground breaking in its study of business actors in climate and energy politics. While various studies have demonstrated the influence of business actors across multiple policy domains, this is the first to examine the behaviour of business actors in energy centric industries in the US that will be vital for achieving a clean energy transition, namely the oil, gas, coal, utility, and renewable industries. Drawing on almost 80 interviews with senior energy executives, lobbyists, and policymakers, it asks two central questions: (i) how and why are business actors shaping energy policy contests in the US? And (ii) what are the implications for policymakers? In answering these questions, this book provides new insights about the preferences and strategies of business in the energy sector, and, significantly, it identifies strategies for policymakers seeking to regulate energy in the face of political resistance from incumbent fossil fuel industries. This book wTrade Review"Despite mounting evidence of catastrophic climate change, some fossil fuel industries continue to resist the green energy revolution. Christian Downie’s excellent book provides a succinct analysis of the climate policy battles within the US energy sector. Anyone who wants to know how to overcome corporate resistance should read this book!" -- Robert Falkner, Associate Professor of International Relations and Research Director, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, LSE, UK"This very well written volume provides a detailed examination of the fascinating corporate struggles and strategies to shape environmental policy in America. It tells the story of a crucial but frequently overlooked part of the climate discussion and how the energy industry has shaped its regulatory framework." -- Simon Dalby, Professor, Balsillie School of International Affairs, Canada"Business sectors related to fossil fuels are the biggest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, but business also controls the financial and technological resources to help fix the problem. As Christian Downie lays out so cogently and clearly in this landmark book, business also controls powerful political resources which it uses to shape public debates and regulatory policy. His detailed exploration of six major policy battles in the United States during the Obama administration highlights the ways that businesses behave as political actors, through lobbying, mobilizing coalitions, and framing debates. Downie also points to ways that policymakers can harness a nuanced understanding of business power to pursue environmental goals, for example, by deftly manoeuvring through inter- and intra-sectoral divisions and by crafting incentives that reshape business interests." -- David Levy, Professor, Academic Co-Director, Sustainable Solutions Lab, University of Massachusetts, USATable of ContentsList of FiguresList of TablesPreface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Chapter 1 – Introduction Chapter 2 – Understanding Business Preferences, Strategies and InfluenceChapter 3 – Exporting to the World: Policy contests in the oil and gas industriesChapter 4 – The War on Coal: Policy contests in the coal and utility industriesChapter 5 – The Rise of Renewable Power: Policy contests in the wind and solar industriesChapter 6 – Re-thinking Business Behaviour in the US Energy Sector Chapter 7 – What Should Policymakers Do?BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThe Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781351127264, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Meeting the goals enshrined in the Paris Agreement and limiting global temperature increases to less than 2C above pre-industrial levels demands rapid reductions in global carbon dioxide emissions. Reducing energy demand has a central role in achieving this goal, but existing policy initiatives have been largely incremental in terms of the technological and behavioural changes they encourage. Against this background, this book develops a sociotechnical approach to the challenge of reducing energy demand and illustrates this with a number of empirical case studies from the United Kingdom. In doing so, it explores the emergence, diffusion and impact of low-energy innovations, including electric vehicles and smart meters. The book has the dual aim of impTable of ContentsList of FiguresList of Tables PrefaceList of Contributors1. Introduction: New directions in energy demand researchKirsten E. H. Jenkins, Steven Sorrell, Debbie Hopkins and Cameron RobertsPart 1: Analytical perspectives2. Of emergence, diffusion and impact: A sociotechnical perspective on researching energy demandFrank W. Geels, Benjamin K. Sovacool and Steven Sorrell3. A normative approach to transitions in energy demand: An energy justice and fuel poverty case studyKirsten E. H. Jenkins and Mari MartiskainenPart 2: The emergence and diffusion of innovations4. Electric vehicles and the future of personal mobility in the United KingdomNoam Bergman5. Experimentation with vehicle automationDebbie Hopkins and Tim Schwanen6. The United Kingdom smart meter rollout through an energy justice lensKirsten E. H. Jenkins, Benjamin K. Sovacool and Sabine Hielscher7. Overcoming the systemic challenges of retrofitting residential buildings in the United Kingdom, A herculean task?Donal Brown, Paula Kivimaa, Jan Rosenow and Mari MartiskainenPart 3: Societal impacts and co-benefits8. Exergy economics: New insights into energy consumption and economic growth Paul Brockway, Steve Sorrell, Tim Foxon and Jack Miller9. Energy saving innovations and economy wide rebound effects Gioele Figus, Karen Turner and Antonios KatrisPart 4: Policy mixes and implications 10. Political acceleration of sociotechnical transitions: Lessons from four historical case studiesCameron Roberts and Frank W. Geels11. The challenge of effective energy efficiency policy in the United KingdomJanette Webb12. Policy mixes for sustainable energy transitions: The case of energy efficiencyFlorian Kern, Paula Kivimaa, Karoline Rogge and Jan Rosenow13. Managing energy and climate transitions in theory and practice: A critical systematic review of Strategic Niche ManagementKirsten E. H. Jenkins and Benjamin K. SovacoolPart 5: Conclusion14. Conclusions: towards systematic reductions in energy demandKirsten E. H. Jenkins, Debbie Hopkins and Cameron RobertsIndex

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Book SynopsisThe Making of Low Carbon Economies looks at how more than two decades of sustained effort at climate change mitigation has resulted in a variety of new practices, rules and ways of doing things: a period of active construction of low carbon economies. From outer space observations of the carbon in tropical forests, to carbon financial reporting, and insulating solid masonry walls, these diverse things, activities and objects are integral to how climate change has been brought into being as a problem. The book takes a fresh look at societyâs response to climate change by examining a diverse array of empirical sites where climate change is being made real through its incorporation into everyday lives â a process of stitching climate concerns into the discourse and practices of already existing economies, as well as creating new economies. The Making of Low Carbon Economies adds fresh insights to economic sociology and science and technology studies scholarship on the mTable of Contents1. Introduction. Part I: Heterogeneous Networks 2. Making Carbon Offsets. 3. Implementing Residential District Heating. Part II: Framing 4. Low carbon housing in the UK. 5. The frames of carbon accounting Part III: Commensuration 6. Measuring and standardising forest carbon for REDD+ 7. The treatment of carbon in financial accounts. 8. Summary and conclusions

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Book SynopsisDevelopments in Renewable Energies Offshore contains the papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore (RENEW 2020, Lisbon, Portugal, 12 - 15 October 2020). The book covers a wide range of topics, including: resource assessment; wind energy; wave energy; tidal energy; ocean energy devices; multiuse platforms; PTO design; grid connection; economic assessment; materials and structural design; installation planning and maintenance planning.The book will be invaluable to professionals and academics involved or interested in Offshore Engineering, and Renewable and Wind Energy.Table of Contents• Resource assessment • Wind Energy • Wave Energy • Tidal Energy • Ocean Energy Devices • Multiuse Platforms • PTO design • Grid connection • Economic assessment • Materials and structural design • Installation planning • Maintenance planning

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on innovative surfaces, lubricants, and materials to reduce friction and wear for environmental conservation and sustainability. Green Tribology: Emerging Technologies and Applications creates a platform for sharing knowledge currently emerging in the field of green tribology and concentrates on advances and developments in technologies and applications.FEATURES Discusses the influence of technological developments in green tribology on the environment and sustainability Highlights key findings on the superior tribological characteristics of bioinspired surfaces, tribological performance improvements with advances in green/ecofriendly materials, environmentally friendly lubricants, minimum quantity lubrication, and reuse of disposed materials Brings together the research expertise of leaders in the international tribology community Describes ongoing trends and futTable of Contents 1. Recent Developments in Green Tribology 2. Bio-Based Lubricant in the Presence of Additives: Classification to Tribological Behaviour 3. Tribological Investigations of Sustainable Bio-Based Lubricants for Industrial Applications 4. Nano-Technology-Driven Interventions in Bio-Lubricant’s Tribology for Sustainability 5. Tribology of Polymer Composites with Green Nano-Materials 6. Working of Functional Components in Self-Healing Coatings for Anti-Corrosion Green Tribological Applications: An Overview 7. Nano-Indentation and Indentation Size Effect on Different Phases in Lamellar Structure High Entropy Alloy 8. Improving Tribological Performance of Meso Scale Air Journal Bearing Using Surface Texturing: An Approach of Green Tribology 9. Textured Tool Surfaces for Improved Lubrication and Friction in Sheet Metal Forming 10. Green Machining Techniques: A Review 11. Future Outlooks in Green Tribology

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Book SynopsisWhat does sustainable business and net zero carbon emission mean for businesses globally? How should companies globally transform into sustainable businesses with net zero carbon emissions? This book unpacks the institutional, organisational and management challenges in pursuing sustainable business and carbon neutrality for businesses.In this book, Henry K. H. Wang, an internationally recognised Climate and Business expert, provides real-life cases across different countries and business sectors. He outlines potential policy implications and strategy options for companies to consider in their transitions to sustainable business practices. He also explores important new global developments in smart cities, green transport and carbon solutions, and how the adoption of sustainable finance and green investments can accelerate businesses transformation.This book will appeal to anyone interested to learn more about the successful planning and execution of sustainable busineTrade Review"This latest book from global expert Henry Wang is another example of his absolutely detailed and inspiring knowledge of the critical issues in relation to this topic. Henry makes it clear what the challenges and opportunities are. He has expounded these in a body of work that leaves the reader so much better informed."Simon Haigh, BA (Hons Law Dunelm), MBA, GAICD, FAIM; Managing Director & International Lawyer, Leading International Executive Coach and Global Growth Strategist"Another pearl released to the world; Author Henry Wang puts forth the critical place we are in the world with climate issues. Henry is a world renowned and respected voice for the issues in this great book and his perspective is on-point and relevant."H.E. Ambassador Terry Earthwind Nichols, Chairman, Evolutionary Healer, LLC, Leading International Executive Coach and Keynote SpeakerTable of Contents1. Impacts of Climate Change on Sustainable Business 2. Sustainable Business Transformation Developments 3. International Policy Developments on Climate Change 4. Sustainable Net Zero Strategies of Key Countries 5. Corporate Strategy Developments by Sector 6. Developments in Clean Energy Transition 7. Developments in Sustainable Transport 8. Developments in Sustainable Smart Cities 9. Developments in Sustainable Finance and Green Investment 10. Carbon Reductions and Net Zero Carbon Solutions

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Book SynopsisBiogas is a renewable energy resource that can be an alternative solution for the world's insatiable energy demands while helping in managing waste and reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is also regarded as carbon neutral as the carbon in biogas comes from organic matter (feedstock) that captured this carbon from atmospheric CO2 over a relatively short timescale. This book has been written and compiled to collate latest information on biogas technology to help readers to understand the fruitful exploitation of the process.Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This title is co-published with New India Publishing Agency.Table of Contents1. Methanogenesis: Microbiology and Ecology 2. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Biomethanation 3. Methane Driven Biogeochemical Processes in Terrestrial Ecosystem 4. Bioenergetics and Evolutionary Relationship in Biomethanation with Respect to MCR 5. Application of Methanation as an Alternate Energy Technology 6. Biogas Generation from Kitchen Wastes and its Purification Technology 7. Biomethanation of Rice Straw-Feasibility Assessment 8. Biogas Production from Dairy Effluents 9. Valorization of Pineapple Wastes for Biomethane Generation 10. Optimised Process Considerations for Enhanced Kitchen Refuse Biomethanation 11. Electrofermentation in Aid of Bioenergy and its Industrial Application 12. Industrial Applications of Anaerobic Digestion 13. Biomethanation under Biphasic Conditions: Success Story of Nisargruna Biogas Plant 14. Improved Biogas Plants and Related Technologies A Status Report 15. Socioeconomic Analyses of Biogas Technology Towards the Upliftment of Rural India

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Book SynopsisData-driven analytics is enjoying unprecedented popularity among oil and gas professionals. Many reservoir engineering problems associated with geological storage of CO2 require the development of numerical reservoir simulation models. This book is the first to examine the contribution of artificial intelligence and machine learning in data-driven analytics of fluid flow in porous environments, including saline aquifers and depleted gas and oil reservoirs. Drawing from actual case studies, this book demonstrates how smart proxy models can be developed for complex numerical reservoir simulation models. Smart proxy incorporates pattern recognition capabilities of artificial intelligence and machine learning to build smart models that learn the intricacies of physical, mechanical and chemical interactions using precise numerical simulations. This ground breaking technology makes it possible and practical to use high fidelity, complex numerical reservoir simulation models in theTable of ContentsStorage of CO2 in Geological Formations. Petroleum Data Analytics. Smart Proxy Modeling. CO2 Storage in Depleted Gas Reservoirs. CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers. CO2 Storage in Shale using Smart Proxy. CO2 – EOR as a Storage Mechanism. Leak Detection in CO2 Storage Sites.

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Book SynopsisThe revised edition presents, extends, and updates a thorough analysis of the factors that cause and accelerate the aging of conductive and insulating materials of which transmission and distribution electrical apparatus is made. New sections in the second edition summarize the issues of the aging, reliability, and safety of electrical apparatus, as well as supporting equipment in the field of generating renewable energy (solar, wind, tide, and wave power). When exposed to atmospheric corrosive gases and fluids, contaminants, high and low temperatures, vibrations, and other internal and external impacts, these systems deteriorate; eventually the ability of the apparatus to function properly is destroyed. In the modern world of green energy, the equipment providing clean, electrical energy needs to be properly maintained in order to prevent premature failure. The book's purpose is to help find the proper ways to slow down the aging of electrical apparatus, improve its performance, anTable of ContentsPart I: Transmission and Distribution Electrical Equipment. Electrical Contacts: Overheating, Wear, and Erosion. Bolted, Plug-on, and Busbar Connections: Materials and Degradation. Plating of Electrical Equipment. Detrimental Processes and Aging of Plating. Electrical Equipment in Corrosive Environment. Lubrication of Distribution Electrical Equipment. Insulation, Coatings, and Adhesives in Transmission and Distribution Electrical Equipment. Electrical Equipment Life Expectancy, Aging, and Failures. Part II: Renewable Energy Equipment Challenges. Solar Energy. Renewable Energy Equipment Challenges: Tidal and Wave Power. Renewable Energy Equipment Challenges: Wind Energy Equipment. Wind Energy Equipment Corrosion. Renewable Energy Equipment Challenges: Wind Turbine Gearboxes and Bearings. Renewable Energy Equipment Challenges: Wind Turbine Lubrication. Renewable Energy Equipment Challenges: Wind Turbine Failures. Life Expectancy and Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Electrical Equipment. Part III: Testing, Monitoring, and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment. Physical Conditions of Electrical Equipment: Testing, Monitoring, and Diagnostics. Physical Conditions of Renewable Electrical Equipment: Testing and Monitoring. Electrical Equipment Maintenance and Life Extension Techniques. Life Extension Techniques, Inspection and Maintenance of Renewable Energy Equipment.

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Book SynopsisBiomass for Bioenergy and Biomaterials presents an overview of recent studies developed specifically for lignocellulose-based production of biofuels, biochemicals, and functional materials. The emphasis is on using sustainable chemistry and engineering to develop innovative materials and fuels for practical applications. Technological strategies for the physical processing or biological conversion of biomass for material production are also presented.FEATURES Offers a comprehensive view of biomass processing, biofuel production, life cycle assessment, techno-economic analysis, and biochemical and biomaterial production Presents details of innovative strategies to pretreat biomass Helps readers understand the underlying metabolic pathways and identify the best engineering strategies for their native strain Highlights different strategies to make biomaterials from biomassTable of Contents 1. Chemistry of Plant Biomass 2. Lignin to Platform Chemicals and Biomaterials: Chemical and Biological Perspectives 3. LCA and TEA for Biomass Conversion Technology 4. Biomass Pre-Treatment and Liquefaction 5. Role of Systems Biology in Enhancing Efficiency of Biocatalysts 6. Enzyme-Based Saccharification 7. Enhancement of Biomass for Deconstruction 8. Lignocellulosic Biorefineries – A Step towards a Carbon-Neutral Economy 9. Targeted Strain Engineering to Produce Bioenergy 10. Saccharide to Biodiesel 11. Second-Generation Bioethanol and Biobutanol – Methods and Prospects 12. Biological Production of Diols – Current Perspective 13. Market Analysis of Biomass for Biofuels and Biomaterials

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive reference text discusses uncertainty modeling of renewable energy resources and its steady state analysis. The text discusses challenges related to renewable energy integration to the grid, techniques to mitigate these challenges, problems associated with integration at transmission and distribution voltage level, and protection of power system with large renewable power integration. It covers important concepts including voltage issues in power networks, use of FACTS devices for reactive power management, stochastic optimization, robust optimization, and spatiotemporal dependence modeling.Key Features: Presents analysis and modeling of renewable generation uncertainty for planning and operation, beneficial for industry professionals and researchers. Discusses dependence modeling of multi-site renewable generations in detail. Covers probabilistic analysis, useful for data analysts. Table of Contents1. Renewable Energy Scenario of the World and Future Pattern. 2. Technical Challenges in Renewable Generations and their Integration to Grid. 3. Renewable Energy Integration Issues from Consumer and Utility Perceptive. 4. Voltage Issues in Power Networks with Renewable Power Generation. 5. Reactive Power Management in Power Systems Integrated with Renewable generation. 6. Optimum Scheduling and Dispatch Of Power Systems with Renewable Generations. 7. Role of Stochastic Optimization for Power System Operation and Decision Making. 8. Dependence Modeling of Multi-Site Renewable Generations. 9. Probabilistic Steady-State Analysis of Power Systems Integrated with Renewable Generations. 10. Risk Evaluation of Electricity Systems with Large Penetration of Renewable Generations.

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Book SynopsisThis reference text establishes linkages between the user industries and the providers of clean technologies and sustainable materials for a rapid transformation of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The text covers several aspects of sustainable applications including clean technologies, climate change and its effects, sustainable buildings (smart cities), sustainability in road construction, sustainable use of geosynthetic, innovative materials, and sustainable construction practices. The text will be useful for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers in the fields of civil engineering and other infrastructure-related professionals and planners.The book: Discusses clean technologies and sustainable materials in depth Covers concepts of sustainability in road construction, and water retaining structures Examines environmental policies and practices Discusses climate change and its effects in a compTable of Contents Chapter 1 Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste as Backfill Material for Geosynthetic-Reinforced Structures Fernanda Bessa Ferreira, Castorina Silva Vieira; Paulo Pereira; Maria Lurdes Lopes Chapter 2 Investigation of Economic Feasibility Between Bamboo and Conventional Construction Materials in Non-Residential Projects. Vijayalaxmi J., Aishwarya Sudheer Vadukkumchery Chapter 3 An Insight into Sustainability in Construction of Shallow Foundations Muhammad Nouman Amjad Raja, Sanjay Kumar Shukla Chapter 4 Enhancement of Bearing Capacity of Cohesive and Granular Soils Using Sustainable Kenaf Fibre Geotextile Ahmad Safuan A Rashid, Roohollah Kalatehjari, Mohammad Gharehzadeh Shirazi Chapter 5 Energy Efficient Buildings for Sustainable Development Sateesh Kumar Pisini, Swetha Priya Thammadi, Suzanne Wilkinson Chapter 6 Development and Application of FBG Sensors for Landslide Monitoring Hong-Hu Zhu, Xiao Ye, Hua-Fu Pei, Dao-uan Tan and Bin Shi Chapter 7 Small And Medium Enterprises and Sustainable Development Ayon Chakraborty Chapter 8 Application of GIS Techniques and Environmental Flow Norms for Sustainable Mitigation Measure for Hydropower Impact on Ecosystem C Prakasam, Manvi Kanwar, Saravanan R, Aravinth R, Varinder Singh Kanwar, M K Sharma, Chapter 9 Waste Lime Sludge: A Potential Additive in AsphaltAbhishek Kanoungo, Varinder Singh Kanwar, Ankush Tanta, Shristi Kanoungo, Sanjay Kumar Shukla Chapter 10 Sustainable Solid Waste Management and Factors Influencing It: An Assessment from Indian Context Pramod Kumar, Siby John Chapter 11 Carbon Neutral Construction: Assessing the Potential for Carbon Capture in an Integrated Pavement System Simon Beecham, Asif Iqbal and Md Mizanur Rahman Chapter 12 Communal rainwater systems: An alternative to individual household systemsThulo Ram Gurung, Ashok K. Sharma, Cara D. Beal, Rodney A. Stewart Chapter 13 Climate Change and Geo-infrastructures: Assessment and Challenges Susanga Costa, Dilan Robert, Jayantha Kodikara Chapter 14 Risk Based Asset Management Decision-making in Life Management of Concrete Water Reservoirs H.S. Richards, G. Chattopadhyay, H.S. Kandra and N. Islam Chapter 15 Review of clogging processes in stormwater treatment filters Harpreet Singh Kandra, David McCarthy and Ana Deletic Chapter 16 Smart Buildings and Sustainable Rating Tools Danny Byrne, Ashok Sharma, Shobha Muthukumaran, Dimuth Navarata Chapter 17 Review of water quality monitoring using Internet of ThingsT. A. Choudhury, Harpreet Kandra, Khang Dinh, Suryani Lim

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Book SynopsisThe goals of restructuring of the power sector are competition and operating efficiency in the power industry that result in reliable, economical, and quality power supply to consumers. This comprehensive reference text provides an in-depth insight into these topics.Deregulated Electricity Structures and Smart Grids discusses issues including renewable energy integration, reliability assessment, stability analysis, reactive power compensation in smart grids, and harmonic mitigation, in the context of the deregulated smart electricity market. It covers important concepts including AC and DC grid modelling, harmonics mitigation and reactive power compensation in the deregulated smart grid, and extraction of energy from renewable energy sources under the deregulated electricity market with the smart grid. The text will be useful for graduate students and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, renewabTable of Contents1. Regulated Vs Deregulated Electricity Market: A Brief Timeline. 2. Deregulated Smart Grid and Electricity Market Structures. 3. Issues under Deregulated Market Structure and Ever-Increasing Conventional Grid Inadequacy. 4. Growing Competition between Utilities and its Impact on Customers. 5. Transition and Complexity Impacts on Customers. 6. Climate Issues. 7. Smart Grid and Microgrid Technologies in Deregulated Environment. 8. Smart Grids and Microgrids with High Renewable Shares. 9. Design, Modelling, and Management of Smart Grids and Microgrids. 10. Smart Grid and Microgrid Reliability, Sustainability, Flexibility, and Resiliency. 11. Harmonics Mitigation and Reactive Power Compensation in Deregulated Smart Grid. 12. Distributed Generation, Storage, and Management. 13. Novel Disruptive Enabling Technologies. 14. Business Models for Different Electricity Market Players. 15. Demand Side Management and Demand Response. 16. The Sizing, Placement, and Operation of Energy Storage Systems and Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids. 17. Big Data for Smart Vehicular System. 18. ICT Technologies for Smart Grid. 19. Costs and Revenues Issues in Deregulated Smart Grid. 20. Futuristic Electricity Market Models. 21. Digitalization of Utilities. 22. Solution Techniques for Deregulated Smart Grid Problems. 23. Categorization of the Solution Techniques: Artificial Intelligence, Meta-Heuristics, Mathematical Techniques. 24. Policy Changes for the Deregulated Electricity Market Development. 25. Electricity Tariff Development under Smart grid and Micro Grid Structures. 26. Economical and Technical Impacts of Deregulation on Green Energy Development. 27. Practical Case Studies.

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Book SynopsisEnergy Economics outlines the fundamental issues and possible solutions to the challenges of energy production and use, presenting a framework for decisions based upon sound economic analysis. This approach considers market forces and policy goals, including economic prosperity, environmental protection, and societal well-being. The second edition has been thoroughly updated, addressing dramatic shifts in the use of fuel and electricity, accelerated plans for the use of renewable energy, and pathways towards a lower-carbon future. A new chapter on electric vehicles examines its impact on transportation, the electricity market, and carbon emissions. Global examples throughout the book reflect the universal application of energy economics. With this economic foundation, coupled with perspectives from real-world applications, and perspectives from related disciplines, this text sharpens the student's ability to understand, evaluate, and critique energy policy. A companiTrade Review"Energy Economics by Professor Peter Schwarz describes and explores the challenges of the world's energy sector. It offers a modern and novel assessment of the operations, economics and management of conventional energy markets and a vivid analysis of the role of renewable energy, nuclear energy, the electrification of the transportation sector, and various government policies and regulations. I enjoyed the book's innovative assessment and focus on the future of energy and sustainability and recommend it to undergraduate and graduate students who care about how the energy sector functions and interacts with the environment, the economy and people's life."Asher Tishler, professor and former dean of the Faculty of Management at Tel Aviv University."Peter Schwarz’s Energy Economics is an essential component of the bookshelf for energy economists and, especially, environmental economists who are not steeped in the economics of energy. The second edition includes a number of chapters you can’t find anywhere else (e.g., electric vehicles and next generation renewable alternatives). I look forward to using it as a supplement in my courses."John Whitehead, Professor, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University"Professor Schwarz’s 2nd Edition of Energy Economics is the perfect text for an undergraduate energy economics class. It is accessible and clearly applies economic principles to relevant energy topics. This focused text gives students applicable insight by incorporating very recent events in the energy sector, while also giving historical context. The accompanying instructor materials are extremely helpful for faculty who want to teach the subject, even if energy economics is not their main field."Dan Groft, PhD., Director of H.C. Drew Center for Business and Economic Analysis, Associate Professor of Economics, McNeese State UniversityTable of ContentsPart I: Fundamental of energy economics 1. Introduction 2. Energy, markets, and society 3. Static efficiency: applying supply and demand to energy markets 4. Dynamic efficiency: energy decisions over time Part II: Conventional energy sources 5. Oil: has it reached its peak? 6. Natural gas: a bridge to the future? 7. Coal: no longer king? 8. Nuclear energy: too expensive to matter? Part III: Alternative energy sources 9. Renewable energy: cheap, clean, but complicated 10. Next-generation alternatives: the road to net-zero? 11. Energy efficiency: an offer we can't refuse? Part IV: Electricity 12. Traditional electricity regulation: is monopoly still natural? 13. Electricity restructuring and deregulation: a better way? 14. Electric vehicles: charging ahead? Part V: Energy policy 15. Energy and the environment: paying the full social cost of our energy choices 16. Energy and sustainability: what do we owe the future? 17. Energy security: old and new dilemmas 18. A comprehensive energy policy: the big picture

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Book SynopsisEscalating urbanization and energy consumption have increased the demand for green engineering solutions and intelligent systems to mitigate environmental hazards and offer a more sustainable future. Green engineering technologies help to create sustainable, eco-friendly designs and solutions with the aid of updated tools, methods, designs, and innovations. These technologies play a significant role in optimizing sustainability in various areas of energy, agriculture, waste management, and bioremediation and include green computing and artificial intelligence (AI) applications. Green Engineering and Technology: Innovations, Design, and Architectural Implementation examines the most recent advancements in green technology, across multiple industries, and outlines the opportunities of emerging and future innovations, as well as practical real-world implementation. Features: Provides different models capable of fulfilling the criteriTable of Contents Cloud and Green IoT based Technology for Sustainable Smart Cities. Dynamic Models for Enhancing Sustainability in Automotive Component Manufacturing Systems. Internet of Agriculture Things (IoAT): A Novel Architecture Design Approach for Open Research Issues. E-Navigation: Indoor System for Green City Sustainable development Using UGU Engine Architecture.Biomass waste-derived electrode material and bio-based solid electrolyte for sustainable energy systems. RF Energy Harvesting for WSN'S (Overview-Design Challenges-Techniques). Sustainable and Renewable Isolated Micro Hydro Power Generation using Variable Asynchronous Generator controlled by Fuzzy PI AC-DC-AC Converter and D-STATCOM. Phytoconstituents of common weeds of Uttarakhand proposed as Bio- pesticides or Green-Pesticides with use of In-silico and In-vitro techniques.On Energy Harvesting in Green Cognitive Radio Networks. Mitigation on the Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations by Splitting the Capacity and Optimally Locating on a Reconfigured RDS. Parameter estimation of single diode PV cell using an intelligent computing technique. On the dynamics of Cellular Automata-based green modelling towards job processing with group-based Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks in Industry 4.0. Green Cloud Computing: An Emerging trend of GIT in Cloud Computing. Internet of Things for green technology. GreenHealth: Making Green Healthcare Using Reinforcement Learning in fog assisted Cloud Environment. Smart Agricultural Robot. A Survey of Lightweight Cryptography for Power Constrained IoT Devices: Security Challenges and Issues. Nanogenerator based Sensors for Human Pulse Measurement. Future Challenges and Applications in Green Technology. Implementation and use of Green Computing in Polish companies vs. implementation of features characteristic of Teal organizations. Design of Pentagon Slot Based Multi-Band Linear Antenna Array for Energy Efficient Communication: Future Challenges and Applications in Green Technologies.

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Book SynopsisSustainable Bioprocessing for a Clean and Green Environment: Concepts and Applications highlights the importance of waste to health in which waste is safely converted to value-added products via bioprocess technologies. Providing fundamental concepts and applications, this book also offers readers the methodology behind the operation of a variety of biological processes used in developing valuable products from waste. Features: Discusses synthesis and use of environmentally friendly biobased materials, such as biopolymer films and biobased plasticizers Highlights nanotechnology applications in the treatment of pollution and emphasizes the synthesis of biogenic nanomaterials for environmental remediation Describes the use of biosurfactants and emerging algal technologies, such as applications of microalgae in nutraceuticals and biofuel production Details delignification for lignocellulosic biomass Table of Contents Chapter 1 Alternative Plastics from Wastes through Biomass Valorization Approaches Amisha Pani, Saloni Tripathy, Shreya Sadukha, Sunaina Nag and Samuel Jacob Chapter 2 Bioelectrochemical System: Waste/Wastewater to Bioenergy Conversion Technology Samsudeen Naina Mohamed and K. M. Meera Sheriffa Begum Chapter 3 Bioelectrochemical Reactors: Factors Governing Power Production and Its Applications Subramaniapillai Niju, Elangovan Elakkiya and Erudayadhas Lavanya Chapter 4 Photosynthetic Microbial Fuel Cells: Advances, Challenges and Applications Subramaniapillai Niju, Karuppusamy Priyadharshini and Elangovan Elakkiya Chapter 5 Pretreatment of Paddy Straw for Sustainable Bioethanol Production Suchitra Rakesh, Karthikeyan Subburamu, Ramesh Desikan and N. Arunkumar Chapter 6 Bio-based Coagulants for the Remediation of Environmental Pollutants Mansi Kikani, Chanchpara Amit, Doddabhimappa Ramappa Gangapur, Muthulingam Seenuvasan, and Madhava Anil Kumar Chapter 7 The Role of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment A. Thirunavukkarasu and R. Nithya Chapter 8 Application of Biogenic Nanoparticles for a Clean Environment Jishma Panichikkal and Radhakrishnan Edayileveetil Krishnankutty Chapter 9 Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals in Wastewater: Strategy and Developments Velusamy Priya, Sivakumar Vivek, Muthulingam Seenuvasan, and Carlin Geor Malar Chapter 10 An Economic Perspective of Bio-waste Valorization for Extended Sustainability Suganya Subburaj and Madhava Anil Kumar Chapter 11 Recovery of Energy from Plastic Wastes by Pyrolysis Process for Sustainable Waste Management Riasha Pal, Nilanjan Paul, Deep Bhattacharya, Rajupalepu S. Monish, and Samuel Jacob Chapter 12 Biosurfactant: A Sustainable Replacement for Chemical Surfactants Tamil Elakkiya Vadivel, Theresa Veeranan, Krishnan Ravi Shankar, Renganathan Sahadevan, Tholan Gajendran Chapter 13 Nutraceutical Prospects of Green Algal Resources in Sustainable Development Prasanthkumar Santhakumaran and Joseph George Ray Chapter 14 Green Algae as a Bioenergy Resource with the Ecotechnological Potential for Sustainable Development Santhosh Kumar Kookal and Joseph George Ray Chapter 15 Compilation of Characterization and Electrochemical Behavior from Novel Biomass as Porous Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Devices Divya Palaniswamy and Rajalakshmi Reguramnan Index

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Book SynopsisSustainability Engineering: Challenges, Technologies, and Applications focuses on emerging topics within sustainability science and engineering, including the circular economy, advanced recycling technologies, decarbonization, renewable energy, and waste valorization. Readers will learn the trends driving today's sustainability research and innovation as well as the latest in sustainable process technologies.This book: Addresses emerging sustainability development challenges, progress, and disruptive technologies Discusses biological sustainability, recycling technologies, and sustainable process design and manufacture Features a comprehensive view from renowned experts who are leaders in their respective research areas This work is aimed at an interdisciplinary audience of engineers and scientists working on solutions to advance the development and application of sustainable technologies, including but not limited to chemicalTable of Contents1. Lignin-based Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Devices, 2. Hydrocracking of Palm Oil into Biofuel over Ni-Al2O3-Benonite (Aluminosilicate) Nanocatalyst, 3. Optimization-based Development of a Circular Economy Adoption Strategy, 4. "Waste"-to-energy for Decarbonization: Transforming Nut Shells into Carbon-negative Electricity, 5. Carbon Recycling: Waste Plastics to Hydrocarbon Fuels, 6. Recycling Plastic Waste to Produce Chemicals: A Techno-economic Analysis and Life-cycle Assessment, 7. Municipal Water Reuse for Non-potable and Potable Purposes, 8. An Ethical Reflection on Water Management at the Community Level as a Contribution to Peace, 9. Human Behavior Dynamics in Sustainability, 10. Regional Sustainable Technology Systems, 11. Renewable Microgrids as a Foundation of the Future Sustainable Electrical Energy System, 12. Applications of Electrochemical Separation Technologies for Sustainability: Case Studies in Integrated Processes, Material Innovations, and Risk Assessments, 13. All-electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft (eVTOL) for Sustainable Urban Travel, 14. Current Progress in Sustainability Evaluation, Pollution Prevention, and Source Reduction Using GREENSCOPE, 15. Germany’s Industrial Climate Transformation Strategy and the Role of Carbon Capture and Utilization as a Building Block: Targets, Pathways, Policies, and Societal Acceptance.

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Book SynopsisEnergy is essential to all human activities as well as critical to social and economic development. Sustainable energy planning encompassing the concept of smart cities has a high potential to significantly contribute to climate change mitigation. For improved energy efficiency, it is essential to find low carbon solutions for the urban environment. The integration and management of energy supply with predominant exploitation of local resources is examined through the fundamental concept of exergy. This book can assist in decision making, with regard to sustainable energy design both at a national and local level.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Basics of Renewable Energy Exergetics. Electricity Markets and Renewable Energy Sources – A Smart City Approach. Economic and Environmental Assessment of the Transport Sector in Smart Cities. Transportation and Urban Environment Exergetics. Exergy Analysis of Intelligent Energy Systems in the Built Environment. Spatial Planning and Exergy–Design and Optimization.

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Book SynopsisBioprocess Engineering: Downstream Processing is the first book to present the principles of bioprocess engineering, focusing on downstream bioprocessing. It aims to provide the latest bioprocess technology and explain process analysis from an engineering point of view, using worked examples related to biological systems.This book introduces the commonly used technologies for downstream processing of biobased products. The covered topics include centrifugation, filtration, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, chromatography, biosorption, liquid-liquid separation, and drying. The basic principles and mechanism of separation are covered in each of the topics, wherein the engineering concept and design are emphasized. This book is aimed at bioprocess engineers and professionals who wish to perform downstream processing for their feedstock, as well as students.Table of Contents1. Cell Disruption. 2. Centrifugation. 3. Filtration. 4. Membrane-Based Separation Processes. 5. Reverse Osmosis. 6. Chromatography. 7. Biosorption. 8. Liquid-Liquid Separation. 9. Drying.

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Book SynopsisSynthesis and design of new nanocatalysts is an important area of research that aims to introduce multiple types of useful applications in a greener market. The necessity of nanostructuring the active sites has emerged as the key point in a successful design of the catalysts. The book covers the progress in this research area done in the last ten years. It includes the classification of catalysts and structure of active sites at the nanoscale. The book covers examples to present the concept, evolution of nanocatalysts from the perspective of chemistry of materials and their applications.Table of ContentsOverview. New Feedstocks. Nanocatalysts from biomass and transforming biomass. Nanocatalysts for glycerol transformations. Producing fuels and fine chemicals from biomass using nanomagnetic materials. New materials. Nanocatalyst in the industrial processes. Nanocatalyst for relevant green industrial processes..Nanoscience in the petrochemical industry. Overview. Zeolites: the most useful nanocatalyst for petrochemicals. Nanocatalysis in the commodities production. Au, Pd y Pt nanotechnologies. Nanocatalysts in the heterocyclization reactions for the synthesis of biologically heterocyclic scalfolds. Nanocatalysts in the synthesis and degradation of plastics, polymers and textile. Metathesis reaction. Magnetically separable nanocatalysts. Industrial enzymatic nanocatalysts. New methodologies. Environmental nanocatalysts. Environmental remediation with nanocatalysts. Water treatment with nanocatalysts. Photonanocatalysis with nanocatalysts. Nanocatalysts for energy production. Nanocatalysts for biofuel production. Mechanistic understanding of toxicology from nanocatalyst.

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Book SynopsisSolar energy is free, abundant and sustainable, with many methods existing to harness it. This guide is the essential introduction to the subject, explaining how the technologies work, how best they should be employed, and the costs and benefits of using them. It provides detailed yet accessible coverage of: passive solar building solar water heating solar space heating other solar thermal applications (such as cooling and desalination) grid-connected photovoltaics stand-alone photovoltaics. It also introduces the reader to larger scale applications such as concentrating solar power. Highly illustrated in full colour, this is the perfect primer for anyone who wants to work with or simply learn more about solar technologies.Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Passive Solar Building 3. Solar Water Heating 4. Solar Space Heating 5. Other Solar Thermal Applications 6. Grid-connected Photovoltaics 7. Stand-alone Photovoltaics 8. Concentrating Solar Power 9. Conclusion 10. Resources

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Book SynopsisThe role of the energy manager has evolved significantly as the task of cutting greenhouse gas emissions from buildings has become increasingly important. Managers are now technical experts, negotiators, construction project managers, procurement specialists, efficiency advocates and often provide energy services to others. This comprehensive book covers how to:â conduct an energy auditâ plan a monitoring and verification strategyâ make any energy-saving campaign successfulâ evaluate and make the financial case for energy-saving measuresâ make use of free energy for lighting and managing heat loss and gain.It also contains special chapters on:â ventilation, heating and coolingâ demand management through automated systemsâ lightingâ most requirements of industrial facilitiesâ regulatory requirements in Britain, EuropeTrade Review'Provides a complete introduction to the subject of energy management, and will, I'm sure, be useful to both trainees and novices and industry veterans seeking an updating of their knowledge with the latest developments. David is a clear writer, who manages to make the most technical subjects accessible. He has a clear overview of all sectors and technologies.' - Nick Bent, Editor of Energy Focus MagazineTable of ContentsPreface; Introduction; Chapter 1: Measuring energy consumption; Chapter 2: Metering; Energy Professional Interview: Ashley Baxter; Chapter 3: Making change happen; Energy Professional Interview: Lisa Gingell; Chapter 4: Airtightness and insulation; Energy Professional Interview: Phil Bilyard; Chapter 5: Lighting; Energy Professional Interview: Andrew Bray; Chapter 6: Passive heating, cooling and air conditioning; Energy Professional Interview: James White; Chapter 7: Active heating, cooling and air conditioning; Chapter 8: Minimising water use; Energy Professional Interview: Robert Kelk; Chapter 9: Renewable electricity; Energy Professional Interview: Kit Oung; Chapter 10: Making the financial case; Conclusion; Appendix

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Book SynopsisOne of the best ways to get power to remote, off-grid locations, whether in developed or developing countries, is through the use of solar electric systems. This practical guide describes how to plan, design and install solar electric systems in a manner that is hands-on, graphic and technically complete. Highly illustrated chapters cover: solar energy basics components of solar electric systems (modules, batteries, regulators, inverters and appliances) installation practice on planning and servicing systems water pumping refrigeration village electrification. This is the must-have guide for electric technicians and designers, development workers, and anyone who wants to install their own off-grid system. Trade Review'Earthscan bill these volumes as expert handbooks and they do not disappoint. They will save you from making costly mistakes and are well worth the cover price.' – Permaculture Magazine 'This series is pitched at just the right level for specialists: detailed, well illustrated, full of information yet readable. You can buy similar books cheaper but you won't get the level of detail or the clarity of explanation and illustrations." – Permaculture Magazine 'A truly comprehensive and detailed user guide.' – Sun Connect 'Mark Hankins has done it again. Like his prior publications, this book is a practical, useful and easy-to-read design guide for anyone interested in off-grid solar electric systems.' – Arne Jacobson, Associate Professor, Environmental Resources Engineering Co-Director, Schatz Energy Research Center, Humboldt State University, USA 'One watt-peak in a German grid-connected system saves the equivalent of 5 litres of oil used in a thermal power station. One watt-peak in a stand-alone system in Africa saves more than 50 litres of oil from kerosene lamps. This is the right book at the right time.' – Professor Peter Adelmann, University of Applied Science, Germany, and Founder of Phocos AG 'Mark Hankins's name is synonymous with 'solar' in Africa. Mark has been a solar visionary, technical expert and project engineer since 1980, providing the continent with 30 years of unparalleled expertise in the planet's only reliable and safe energy source.' – Neville Williams, Founder, Solar Electric Light Fund and Co-Founder, SELCO-India 'If you were heading off to set up housekeeping on your own tiny island or to a remote Peace Corps assignment, this would be the book to pack along.' – Solar Today, November 2010 'Offers a lot more than the typical introduction to stand-alone solar electric systems found in other books... but at the same time it manages to still be very readable and accessible. All topics are covered accurately and in more than adequate detail which make this book a must have... The chapter on batteries is particularly good as this is a subject which is not often covered well, and the later chapters on planning and installing solar systems together with the large installation case studies are also outstanding.' – REUK.co.uk'This is the best stand-alone PV book, specifically developed from developing countries' perspectives' – Mani G. TamizhTable of Contents1. How To Use This Book: An Overview of Solar Electric Technology 2. Fundamentals of Solar Energy 3. Solar Cell Modules 4. Batteries 5. Charge Controllers, Inverters and Load Management 6. Lamps and Appliances 7. Wiring and Fittings 8. Planning an Off-Grid Solar Electric System 9. Installing Solar Electric Systems 10. Managing, Maintaining and Servicing Off-Grid PV Systems 11. Basics of Large Off-Grid Systems

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Book SynopsisWood Pellet Heating Systems is a comprehensive handbook covering all aspects of wood pellet heating technology. The use of wood pellets as an alternative heating fuel is already well established in several countries and is becoming widespread as fossil fuel prices continue to rise and awareness of climate change grows. Wood pellets are a carbon-neutral technology, convenient to use, and can easily be integrated into existing central heating systems or used in independent space heaters. This fully-illustrated and easy-to-follow guide shows how wood-pellet heating works, the different types of systems â from small living room stove systems to larger central heating systems for institutions â how they are installed, and even how wood pellets are manufactured. Featuring examples from around the world, it has been written for heating engineers and plumbers who are interested in installing systems, home owners and building managers who are considering purchasing a system, advanced DIYers, building engineers and architects, but will be of interest to anyone who requires a clear guide to wood pellet technology.Trade Review'Earthscan bill these volumes as expert handbooks and they do not disappoint. They will save you from making costly mistakes and are well worth the cover price.' Permaculture Magazine 'This series is pitched at just the right level for specialists - detailed, well illustrated, full of information yet readable. You can buy similar books cheaper but you won't get the level of detail or the clarity of explanation and illustrations.' Permaculture Magazine 'Clear, concise, comprehensive.' Green Energy Magazine 'Detailed and easy to understand.' Bioenergy International 'Starting with an overview of the physics of heat and backed by an array of real life case studies, 'Wood Pellet Heating Systems' offers well grounded advice for anyone embarking on the planning, sizing, design or installation of a wide variety of wood fuel systems. The book is well illustrated, jargon free and clearly written, offering a valuable contribution to unlocking the potential of wood fuel in a wide range of applications.' Paul Allen B.Eng (Hons), Centre for Alternative TechnologyTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. The Physics of Heat 3. The Energy Source 4. Wood Pellet Stoves and Boilers 5. Designing and Sizing Wood Pellet Heating Systems 6. Installing Wood Pellet Technology7. Wood Pellet Manufacture 8. Marketing Wood Pellet Technology 9. Case Studies Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an in-depth introduction to the fundamentals and practical aspects of LED lamp design. Covering light generation, efficiency, theoretical limits, efficiency limiting factors, and LED lamp design elements, it explains the principles of large-space and 3D object illumination for developing competitive LED lamps. It presents desiTrade Review"… [the book] educate[s] a non-lighting audience about the basics of light, while doing so from a point of view that they might understand. … BUY IT if you'd like to see how another community views the lighting world."—Lighting Design and Application Magazine, June 2014 "… one of those rare resources that address the engineering of LED lighting as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by lighting designers working in a rapidly evolving marketplace. Author Nisa Khan’s concise and unique perspective brings together key issues related to both the evolution and practice of next-generation lighting. … an excellent textbook for teaching illumination engineering, architectural engineering, and other subjects related to next-generation lighting. The monograph is extremely well organized and its tables, charts, diagrams, and photographs effectively reinforce the concepts described by the text. It can also serve as a ready reference for those involved in the design, engineering, and marketing of SSL. I recommend it to anyone interested in SSL lighting …"—Michael Siminovitch, Physics Today, July 2014"The book contains a lot of useful information on LEDs, particularly on thermal management and colour stability. … a useful addition to a technical library on luminaire design and manufacturing …"—Lighting Magazine, February/March 2014"The author provides an introduction to lighting fundamentals and technologies, and then LED science and technologies. Lamp designs, lighting theory, simulations and efficiency limiting factors are discussed as well. The author also addresses LED replacement lamps for household and commercial lighting use, as well as design for improving tubular LED replacement. … designed to teach scientists and engineers the fundamentals of lighting and LED lamp design."—Optics & Photonics News"Understanding LED Illumination provides a very broadTable of ContentsIntroduction. LED Lighting Devices. LED Module Manufacturing. Lamp Measurement and Characterization. LED Lamp Design Considerations. LED Lighting Design and Simulation. LED Replacements for Incandescent and Linear-Tubular Fluorescent Lamps. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis handbook addresses the development of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly solid-state light sources, in particular semiconductor light emitting diodes (LEDs) and other solid-state lighting devices. It reflects the vast growth of this field and impacts in diverse industries, from lighting to communications, biotechnology, imaging, and medicine. The chapters include coverage of nanoscale processing, fabrication of LEDs, light diodes, photodetectors and nanodevices, characterization techniques, application, and recent advances. Readers will obtain an understanding of the key properties of solid-state lighting and LED devices, an overview of current technologies, and appreciation for the challenges remaining. The handbook will be useful to material growers and evaluators, device design and processing engineers, newcomers, students, and professionals in the field.Table of ContentsOVERVIEW. From the dawn of GaN-based light-emitting devices to the present day. Spectrum-related quality of white-light sources. Nanofabrication of III-nitride emitters for solid-state lighting. III-nitride deep-ultraviolet materials and applications. GAN-BASED LEDS FOR LIGHTING. Efficiency droop of nitride-based light-emitting diodes. Design and fabrication of patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) for GaN-based light-emitting diodes. Surface Plasmon Coupled Light-Emitting Diodes. Deep level traps in GaN epilayer and LED. Photoluminescence Dynamics in InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well Light-Emitting Diodes. DEEP ULTRAVIOLET LEDS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES. Technological developments of UV-LEDs. Influence of carrier localization on efficiency droop and stimulated emission in AlGaN quantum wells. Solar-blind AlGaN devices. LASER DIODES. Laser diode-driven white light sources. InGaN laser diodes by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. GaN-based blue and green laser diodes. NANO AND OTHER TYPES OF LEDS. Photonic Crystal Light-Emitting Diodes by Nanosphere Lithography. ZnO-based LEDs. Natural Light-Style Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVELOPMENTS. III-Nitride Semiconductor LEDs Grown on Si and Stress Control of GaN Epitaxial. A hole accelerator for III-nitride light-emitting diodes. MOCVD growth of GaN on foundry compatible 200 mm Si. Terahertz spectroscopy study of III-V nitrides. Internal luminescence mechanisms of III-nitride LEDs. Fabrication of thin film nitride-based light-emitting diodes.

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Book SynopsisThe book will highlight major trends and developments in the field of microbial fuels, with contributions from a number of highly experienced researchers. It will serve as a comprehensive reference for industrial stakeholders, scientists, researchers and graduate students interested in microbial fuels. The aims of this work are to present the technologies and perspectives taking into account different socio-economical contexts. A specific chapter will focus on the general perspectives of microbial fuels for low-income and emerging countries.Trade Review"This is a substantial and comprehensive body of work that tackles a wide range of aspects of microbial fuels. It has a large target audience: students; scientists; researchers; industries; corporations; and government agencies, and achieves being a useful and suitable text for all these groups. The book chapters guide the reader from the basics for the novice reader through to the more complex and detailed parts suitable for experts. The case studies that are towards the end of each chapter are a particularly interesting feature and offer something different to the content of many other text books. The reader is competently guided through each topic, with text which is easy to follow and digest."— Elizabeth Heidrich, Newcastle University, United KingdomTable of Contents1. Impressive Potential of Microorganisms to Achieve the Transition from FossilFuels to BiofuelsFarshad Darvishi and Serge HiligsmannSection I Gaseous Biofuels2. Bioenergy Production from Waste SubstratesAmit Kumar, Anish Ghimire, Bo H. Svensson, and Piet N.L. Lens3. Biomethane from Industrial and Municipal WastewaterMiriam H.A. van Eekert and Grietje Zeeman4. Microbial Biomethane from Solid Wastes: Principles and Biotechnogical ProcessesAntoine P. Trzcinski and David C. Stuckey5. Microbial Biomethane Production from Municipal Solid Waste Using High SoildsAnaerobic DigestionGregory R. Hinds, Piet N.L. Lens, Qiong Zhang, and Sarina J. Ergas6. Microbial Biomethane Production from Agricultural Solid WastesRémy Bayard and Pierre Buffière7. Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production: From Concepts to a Sustainable ProductionPatrícia Madeira da Silva Moura, Joana Resende Ortigueira, Idania Valdez-Vazquez,Ganesh Dattatray Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh Saratale, and Carla AlexandraMonteiro da Silva8. Engineering Strategies for Enhancing Photofermentative Biohydrogen Productionby Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria Using Dark Fermentation EffluentsAnish Ghimire, Giovanni Esposito, Vincenzo Luongo, Francesco Pirozzi,Luigi Frunzo, and Piet N.L. Lens9. Hydrogen Photoproduction by Oxygenic Photosynthetic MicroorganismsFabrice Franck, Bart Ghysels, and Damien GodauxSection II Liquid Biofuels10. Microbial Production of Liquid Biofuels through Metabolic EngineeringWei Ning Chen and Jiahua Shi11. Designing a Plant for Bioethanol Production from Different Raw Materials:The Biowanze Ethanol Plant as a Case StudyOlivier Janssens12. Microbial Lipids as Di

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Book SynopsisThis radical book aims to inject new insight and urgency into the discourse on the retrofitting of commercial and residential buildings in the face of the climate emergency. It is about the why, how and who should take the lead in revolutionising buildings in the face of serious climate and social change.Buildings contribute very significantly to the output of carbon, particularly in developed countries where the stock is old, but it is neither feasible nor desirable to demolish them all and start again! If existing buildings cannot in be replaced in the short-term by new zero carbon stock, retrofitting and adaptation of the existing building stock is critical and urgent. This book explains why and how the improvement of buildings requires a complex, holistic approach that brings all stakeholders together with respect and understanding. Yet to do this against a limited time frame is challenging. The book analyses what must be done, explores how it could be achieved and sets oTrade Review"We have needed this book for many years but the Climate Emergency and the growing popular unrest among students and young professionals makes this comprehensive approach a must-read book for the whole industry." - Robin Nicholson CBE, RIBA, Hon FIStructE, Hon FCIBSE, Convenor of the Edge and a long-standing Partner of Cullinan Studio"Across the globe, climate emergency declarations cover more than 1bn people in 2000 jurisdictions and local governments. Many of these overlay our urban areas where the built environment is an important contributor to carbon emissions. Retrofitting the 70% of buildings that will still be here in 2050 is crucial to tackling the climate emergency, creating a resilient built environment, and bending the curve to keep temperature rise to within 1.5 degrees. This impressive, international, multi-scale and interdisciplinary-based book shows how the many and varied buildings that make up the built environment can be made more energy, waste, and water efficient and tackles vitally important questions: the ‘how’, the ‘what’, and the ‘why’ of retrofitting. The authors have written an eloquent and authoritative guide to these fundamental issues, and this is underpinned by a passionate manifesto, or call to arms, for professionals of all disciplines to tackle these issues right now and at scale. Finally, the book is an especially poignant testament to the late Sarah Sayce’s excellent and well-respected work in this field." - Professor Timothy J. Dixon, School of the Built Environment, University of Reading"We have needed this book for many years but the Climate Emergency and the growing popular unrest among students and young professionals makes this comprehensive approach a must-read book for the whole industry." - Robin Nicholson CBE, RIBA, Hon FIStructE, Hon FCIBSE, Convenor of the Edge and a long-standing Partner of Cullinan Studio"Across the globe, climate emergency declarations cover more than 1 billion people in 2000 jurisdictions and local governments. Many of these overlay our urban areas where the built environment is an important contributor to carbon emissions. Retrofitting the 70% of buildings that will still be here in 2050 is crucial to tackling the climate emergency, creating a resilient built environment, and bending the curve to keep temperature rise to within 1.5 degrees. This impressive, international, multi-scale and interdisciplinary-based book shows how the many and varied buildings that make up the built environment can be made more energy, waste, and water efficient and tackles vitally important questions: the ‘how’, the ‘what’, and the ‘why’ of retrofitting. The authors have written an eloquent and authoritative guide to these fundamental issues, and this is underpinned by a passionate manifesto, or call to arms, for professionals of all disciplines to tackle these issues right now and at scale. Finally, the book is an especially poignant testament to the late Sarah Sayce’s excellent and well-respected work in this field." - Professor Timothy J. Dixon, School of the Built Environment, University of ReadingTable of ContentsPart 1: The Why: Challenge and a need to change 1. The Climate Crisis: why it matters for the built environment 2. The philosophy and definition of retrofitting for resilience 3. An inadequate building stock 4. Understanding Vacancy in the office stock Part 2: The What: Exploring solutions 5. A governance response: from coercion to persuasion to embracing diversity? 6. Financing Retrofits 7. Low Tech vs High Technological solutions for a pandemic adaptable Society 8. Repurposing and adaptation 9. Heritage: learning from and preserving the past Part 3: Conclusions, the future, and a manifesto for Change 10. Conclusions and a Manifesto to Retrofit for the Future

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Book SynopsisThis radical book aims to inject new insight and urgency into the discourse on the retrofitting of commercial and residential buildings in the face of the climate emergency. It is about the why, how and who should take the lead in revolutionising buildings in the face of serious climate and social change.Buildings contribute very significantly to the output of carbon, particularly in developed countries where the stock is old, but it is neither feasible nor desirable to demolish them all and start again! If existing buildings cannot in be replaced in the short-term by new zero carbon stock, retrofitting and adaptation of the existing building stock is critical and urgent. This book explains why and how the improvement of buildings requires a complex, holistic approach that brings all stakeholders together with respect and understanding. Yet to do this against a limited time frame is challenging. The book analyses what must be done, explores how it could be achieved and sets oTrade Review"We have needed this book for many years but the Climate Emergency and the growing popular unrest among students and young professionals makes this comprehensive approach a must-read book for the whole industry." - Robin Nicholson CBE, RIBA, Hon FIStructE, Hon FCIBSE, Convenor of the Edge and a long-standing Partner of Cullinan Studio"Across the globe, climate emergency declarations cover more than 1bn people in 2000 jurisdictions and local governments. Many of these overlay our urban areas where the built environment is an important contributor to carbon emissions. Retrofitting the 70% of buildings that will still be here in 2050 is crucial to tackling the climate emergency, creating a resilient built environment, and bending the curve to keep temperature rise to within 1.5 degrees. This impressive, international, multi-scale and interdisciplinary-based book shows how the many and varied buildings that make up the built environment can be made more energy, waste, and water efficient and tackles vitally important questions: the ‘how’, the ‘what’, and the ‘why’ of retrofitting. The authors have written an eloquent and authoritative guide to these fundamental issues, and this is underpinned by a passionate manifesto, or call to arms, for professionals of all disciplines to tackle these issues right now and at scale. Finally, the book is an especially poignant testament to the late Sarah Sayce’s excellent and well-respected work in this field." - Professor Timothy J. Dixon, School of the Built Environment, University of Reading"We have needed this book for many years but the Climate Emergency and the growing popular unrest among students and young professionals makes this comprehensive approach a must-read book for the whole industry." - Robin Nicholson CBE, RIBA, Hon FIStructE, Hon FCIBSE, Convenor of the Edge and a long-standing Partner of Cullinan Studio"Across the globe, climate emergency declarations cover more than 1 billion people in 2000 jurisdictions and local governments. Many of these overlay our urban areas where the built environment is an important contributor to carbon emissions. Retrofitting the 70% of buildings that will still be here in 2050 is crucial to tackling the climate emergency, creating a resilient built environment, and bending the curve to keep temperature rise to within 1.5 degrees. This impressive, international, multi-scale and interdisciplinary-based book shows how the many and varied buildings that make up the built environment can be made more energy, waste, and water efficient and tackles vitally important questions: the ‘how’, the ‘what’, and the ‘why’ of retrofitting. The authors have written an eloquent and authoritative guide to these fundamental issues, and this is underpinned by a passionate manifesto, or call to arms, for professionals of all disciplines to tackle these issues right now and at scale. Finally, the book is an especially poignant testament to the late Sarah Sayce’s excellent and well-respected work in this field." - Professor Timothy J. Dixon, School of the Built Environment, University of ReadingTable of ContentsPart 1: The Why: Challenge and a need to change 1. The Climate Crisis: why it matters for the built environment 2. The philosophy and definition of retrofitting for resilience 3. An inadequate building stock 4. Understanding Vacancy in the office stock Part 2: The What: Exploring solutions 5. A governance response: from coercion to persuasion to embracing diversity? 6. Financing Retrofits 7. Low Tech vs High Technological solutions for a pandemic adaptable Society 8. Repurposing and adaptation 9. Heritage: learning from and preserving the past Part 3: Conclusions, the future, and a manifesto for Change 10. Conclusions and a Manifesto to Retrofit for the Future

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Book SynopsisGovernments, big business and communities are coming under increased pressure to develop low carbon energy supply technologies. Within the context of the climate change debate a delicate balance has to be reached between local environmental protection and our need for reliable low carbon energy.This books brings together ten years of research conducted by the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and uses a range of case studies from carbon capture and storage to on-shore wind farms to explore the complex nature of disputes between a wide variety of stakeholder groups. Topics covered include: the importance of context the relationship between risk and trust sense of place role of the media An invaluable resource for researchers and readers in local or national government, industry or community groups who wish to deepen their understanding of controversy around low carbon technology and how toTable of Contents1. Introduction: Understanding and Triangulating Approaches to Energy Supply Controversy 2. Public Responses to Climate Change and Low-carbon Energy 3. Methodologies for Understanding Low-carbon Energy Controversies 4. Exploring the Relationship Between Public Perceptions of Risk and Trust in Experts 5. What Have Facts Got to Do With it Anyway?: Competing Knowledge Claims in Low-carbon Energy Controversy Carly McLachlan and Sarah Mander 6. Energy Siting Governance: Social and Political Challenges Associated with the Development of Low-carbon Energy in the Marine Environment 7. Microgeneration in the Built Environment: Meanings and Processes of Solar Photovoltaic Technology 8. Policy and Regulatory Controversy: The Case of UK and EC Biofuel Policy 9. Biofuel Development in the UK regulatory and Engineering Visions Beyond a Changing Controversy 10. Public Engagement in Energy Planning and Its Impact on Low-carbon Energy Controversy 11. New Energy Technologies in the Media: a Case Study of Carbon Capture and Storage 12. Conclusions and a Research Agenda for the Social Science of Energy Supply

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Book SynopsisRenewable and carbon-neutral energy have been promoted as the future of energy production in the United States. Non-traditional energy sources show promise as alternatives to fossil fuels and may provide a sustainable source of energy in increasingly uncertain energy markets. However, these new sources of energy face their own set of political, administrative, and legal challenges. Green vs. Green explores how mixed land ownership and existing law and regulation present serious challenges to the development of alternative energy sources in the United States. Analytically examining and comparing five green energy sectors; wind, solar, geothermal, biofuel and hydro power, Ryan M. Yonk, Randy T. Simmons, and Brian C. Steed argue that discussing alternative energy without understanding these pitfalls creates unrealistic expectations regarding the ability to substitute green energy for traditional sources. The micro-goals of protecting individual areas, specieTrade Review"To effectively mitigate against climate change, the U.S. needs coherent policies that support the delivery of clean energy to the market. Filled with lucid and poignant examples, this book thoughtfully shows how our often-conflicted regulatory environment impedes the efforts of clean energy entrepreneurs to implement their ideas."—Eric Coleman, The Florida State UniversityTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: An Institutional Framework for Analyzing Conflicts between Green Goals and Green Regulations Chapter 3: Federal Regulations and Policies Chapter 4: Wind Energy Chapter 5: Solar Energy Chapter 6: Geothermal Energy Chapter 7: Hydroelectric Energy Chapter 8: Biofuel Energy Chapter 9: Oil Shale Chapter 10: Conclusions Appendix I: Federal Environmental Regulations Listed by Agency

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Book SynopsisChoosing appropriate practices and policies for biofuel production requires an understanding of how soils, climate, farm types, infrastructure, markets and social organisation affect the establishment and performance of these crops. The book highlights land use dynamics, cultivation practices related to conversion and wider impacts. It explores how biofuel production chain development is steered by emerging technologies and management practices and how both can be influenced by effective policies designed to encourage sustainable biofuel production.The book highlights major biofuel production chains including: cane cultivation in Brazil corn ethanol in the USA wheat and rapeseed in Europe oil palm in the Far East cane in Asia and Africa SRC and other lignocellulosic crops. In each case the development, cropping systems and impacts are discussed, system dynamics are shown and lessons drawn for the way things could or should change.Biofuel Cropping Systems is a vital resource for all those who want to understand the way biofuels are produced and how they impact other elements of society and especially how improvements can be made. It is a handbook for students, biofuel producers, researchers and policymakers in energy and agriculture. Trade Review'The book Biofuel Cropping Systems is a much welcome contribution to the growing list of publications about biofuels. What places this book apart from many other publications is the special attention to feedstock production systems, where solid on-the-ground knowledge is combined with a forward-looking view on how challenges can be met and good performing biofuel cropping systems be developed for the future. I warmly recommend this book as a vital source of information for students as well as for researchers, biofuel producers and policy makers.' - Göran Berndes, PhD, Associate Professor, Physical Resource Theory, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Table of ContentsPart 1: Biofuels, Land and Carbon: An Introduction 1. General Introduction: Biofuels and their Role in Cropping Systems 2. Land Cover and Land Use 3.Input Use and Crop Production 4. Assesing Greenhouse Gas Emissions 5. Land Rights, Legal Issues and Social Impacts of Biomass Production Part 2: Biofuels in Practice: Crop Production Systems Around the Globe 6. Biofuel Production in Brazil 7. Biofuel Production in the USA 8. Biofuel Production in the EU 9.Sugarbeet Ethanol in the EU 10. Oilpalm diesel in the Far East 11. Biofuel Production in Southern Africa 12. Biofuel Production in China 13.Lignocellulosic Crops 14. Biomass production from Waste Agricultural Biomass 15.Impact on Land and Biomass Availability 16: Outlook

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Book SynopsisThis collection examines the important and topical issue of the economic, social and environmental implications of concerted attempts to diversify energy sources away from fossil fuels. The book expertly examines this issue by focussing on the contrasting experiences of two major economies; one developed, and the other a rapidly expanding, emerging market. Energy, Bio Fuels and Development evaluates the experience of Brazil, with elements of that of the US highlighted for the purpose of comparison. A key area of concern surrounds the causes and consequences of the contrasting routes to biofuel production represented by sugar cane (in Brazil) and corn (in the US). The book also places the recent biofuels drive in perspective by discussing the broader energy policy context. The book shows the complexity and interdependence of the issues involved in moving a society reliant on non-renewable energy sources to one based on alternative sources of energy. Table of Contents1. Introduction Edmund Amann, Werner Baer and Don Coes Part 1: Energy Shocks, Policy Change and the Emergence of Biofuels 2. Oil Shocks in Brazil and in the United States Tiago Cavalcanti and João Tovar Jalles 3. Energy and Income Distribution in Brazil’s Development Process Edmund Amann and Werner Baer 4. The Earth is Finite and Other Irrelevancies about the World’s Ultimate Oil Supply Fred Gottheil 5. Energy Restrictions to Growth: The Past, Present and Future Energy Supply in Brazil Adilson de Oliveira and Eduardo Pontual Ribeiro 6. Oil Prices and Inflation in Brazil: Exchange Rate vs. Inflation Targeting Claudio A.C. Paiva 7. Energy Independence and Economic Efficiency in Brazilian Trade Donald V. Coes 8. The Role Played by the BNDES in Funding Energy Investments in Brazil Ricardo Cavalcante and Simone Uderman Part 2: Social, Local and Environmental Impacts of Changes in the Energy Market 9. Climate Change and Energy Use in the Long Run and Growth in Brazil Carlos Azzoni, Eduardo Haddad and Fabio Kanczuk 10. Energy and the Brazilian Regional System Gervasio Ferreira dos Santos, Eduardo Haddad and Geoffrey Hewings 11. Socio-economic Indicators and Determinants of the Income of Workers in Sugar Cane Plantations and in the Sugar and Ethanol Industries in the North, North-East and Centre-South Regions of Brazil Márcia Azanha Ferras Dias Moraes 12. Understanding the Impact of Food Policy on the Brazilian Poor Mary Arends-Kuenning 13. Biofuels, Food and Trade: Social Impacts Gale Summerfield and Keith Taylor 14. Oligopolistic Behavior of Brazilian Gas Stations Ignácio Tavares de Araújo Júnior, Alexandre Rands Barros, André Matos Magalhães and Luciano Menezes Bezerra Sampaio Part 3: The Impacts of Bio and Alternative Fuels 15. The Journey to Next-Generation of Bio-economy: The U.S. Perspective Hans P. Blaschek 16. Integrated Life-cycle Analysis of Sustainable Biofuels Jurgen Scheffran 17. The Capital Efficiency Challenge of Bio-energy Models: What Flex-Mills in Brazil can Teach us Peter Goldsmith, Renato Rasmussen, Guilherme Signorini, João Martines, Carolina Guimarães 18. The Impact of Agriculture-based Energy Sources on Land Use in Brazil Carlos Jose Caetano Bacha 19. Fossil-Fuels, Bio-Fuels, and Food: Ranking Priorities Guilherme Leite da Silva Dias and Joaquim Jose Martins Guilhoto 20. The Impact of Sugar Cane Expansion on the Cerrado Charles Mueller and Geraldo Bueno Martha Jr. 21. The Viability of the Biodiesel Program as an Instrument of Social Inclusion Marcos Holanda, Bruno Moreira Wichmann and Paul Araújo Pontes 22. The Expansion of Sugarcane Production in the State of São Paulo and its Impact on Municipal Tax Receipts André L.S. Chagas and Rudinei Toneto Jr. 23. Conclusions Edmund Amann and Werner Baer

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