Alternative and renewable energy sources Books

Book SynopsisThis academic, multi-author reference work serves as a general and non-technical resource for students and teachers to understand the importance of energy; to appreciate the influence of energy on societies around the world; to learn the history of energy; and to initiate educational discussion brought forth by the specific social and topical articles presented in the work. SCOPE AND COVERAGE From Alaska to China to Brazil and around the world, energy is the fuel of modern civilization. The United States alone, which constitutes 5 percent of the world's population, consumes 24 percent of the world's energy. Tracing the routes and roots of energy through history, especially since the Industrial Revolution, and explaining the current levels of energy use and production across the globe, this four-volume encyclopaedia will be the definitive reference to essential energy and power information. From ""clean coal"" to oil to windpower, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, the Encyclopedia of Energy is a world round-up of energy-related curricular disciplines, including: history, sociology, environmentalism, public policy, science, engineering, and business. Especially targeted toward high-school students, this outstanding reference work is edited to tie into the high-school curriculum, making the content readily accessible as well to patrons of public, academic, and university libraries. Pedagogical elements include a Topic Finder, Chronology, Resource Guide, Glossary, Appendix, and thorough index. Presented in four volumes in an A-to-Z format, the Encyclopedia of Energy is richly illustrated with photos, charts, and tables, all comprising a unique resource.

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Book SynopsisWith this third edition, international expert Rolf Kehlhofer leads a team of eminent engineers for the long-awaited update of the 'bible' for combined-cycle plants. Recognized as the foremost technical and economic reference for these complex facilities, Combined-Cycle for Gas & Steam Turbine Power Plants, third edition, still offers the backbone of basics in system layout, details on controls and automation, and operating instructions. New information includes a chapter devoted to the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), in-depth technical information on heat recovery steam generator, and a diverse group of real-world combined-cycle plant case studies.Table of Contents Introduction The electricity market Economics Thermodynamic principles of the combined-cycle plant Combined-cycle concepts Applications of combined cycles Components Control and automation Operating and part load behavior Environmental consideration Developmental trends The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) Carbon dioxide capture and storage Some typical combined-cycle plants Conclusion Appendix A Conversions table Appendix B Calculation of the operating performance of combined-cycle installations Appendix C Symbols used

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Book SynopsisThe latest book by Penni McLean-Conner is an outline for utilities, government agencies and power generators for educating consumers on conservation, better resource management, and a smaller carbon footprint. These techniques are not only of interest to the modern consumer, but also can maximize opportunities for demand-side management. Demand-side management programs are effective methods for reducing peak demand of electricity, helping to curb escalating electricity prices for consumers, allowing power generators greater control of the electrical loads and promoting overall conservation of stretched resources. This book offers proven strategies for creating, delivering and maximizing demand-side management, truly a smart approach for your organization!Table of ContentsForeword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Part One: Create an energy efficiency culture; Build the business case for energy efficiency; Understand the energy efficiency life cycle; Influence policy to support energy efficiency investment; Part Two: Deliver energy efficiency to consumers; Market barriers and assessment; Residential energy efficiency; Commercial and industrial energy efficiency; Demand response; Distributed generation; Part Three: Optimize energy efficiency performance; Participate in organizations that advance energy efficiency; Evaluate programs; Position for the future.

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Book SynopsisFuel cell technology has attracted great interest in recent decades. However, progress in lignocellulosic biomass-energized fuel cells has been slow. This is because that lignocellulosic biomass generally cannot be directly used for electricity generation in a fuel cell with high efficiency. As a renewable resource is available in large quantities in many regions of the world, lignocellulosic biomass can be a promising feedstock for sustainable electricity production using fuel cell technologies. In this monograph, we focus on the electricity generation in fuel cells that are operated at high temperatures with high efficiency using lignocellulosic biomass-derived fuels. More specifically, we discussed biomass conversion coupled solid oxide fuel cell and direct carbon fuel cell. The state of the art in technology development, as well as challenges, is outlined and perspectives on future development are provided.

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Book SynopsisDespite major international investment in biofuels, the invasive risks associated with these crops are still unknown. A cohesive state-of-the-art review of the invasive potential of bioenergy crops, this book covers the identified risks of invasion, distributions of key crops and policy and management issues. Including a section on developing predictive models, this book also assesses the potential societal impact of bioenergy crops and how to mitigate invasive risks.Table of Contents1: The Bioenergy Landscape: Sustainable Resources or the Next Great Invasion? 2: What Would Invasive Feedstock Populations Look Like? Perspectives from Existing Invasions 3: Potential Risks of Algae Bioenergy Feedstocks 4: Gene Flow and Invasiveness in Bioenergy Systems 5: Using Weed Risk Assessments to Separate the Crops from the Weeds 6: Bioenergy and Novel Plants: The Regulatory Structure 7: “Seeded-yet-Sterile” Perennial Grasses: Towards Sustainable and Non-invasive Biofuel Feedstocks 8: Eradication and Control of Bioenergy Feedstocks: What Do We Really Know? 9: Good Intentions vs Good Ideas: Evaluating Bioenergy Projects that Utilize Invasive Plant Feedstocks

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a magisterial account of the history, conceptualization, and institutionalization of the concept of sustainable development in international law and policy-making. It provides helpful and insightful illumination of these issues, both at a general level and specifically through an extended case study of the evolution of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture - a particularly appropriate choice of case study given that agriculture implicates a wide range of divergent values, including the economic benefits of free trade; promoting access to affordable food; protecting small subsistence farmers, especially in developing countries; and minimizing environmental degradation through over-exploitation of natural resources such as fisheries, soil depletion or contamination. An overarching and constructive theme of the book is the need for greater legal coherence in international law making across these various domains which are often fragmented in institutional silos that lack effective integrating mechanisms.'- Michael Trebilcock, University of Toronto, Canada'Sustainable development, now made fully operational thanks to the contribution of Elisabeth Bürgi Bonanomi, can support policy reforms that will improve global governance, thus ensuring that the trade regime is shaped to support the policy objectives that it is meant to serve. The area of food and agriculture is in many ways a case study of a lack of consistency across policy areas. It is now high time to overcome this failure. I have no doubt that this volume represents a major contribution towards this end.'- Olivier De Schutter, Member of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural RightsThe concept of sustainable development has become a fundamental discourse in international decision making. To enable pragmatic sustainable development governance, legally coherent, mutually supportive multilateral treaties are both necessary and important. This timely book provides an accessible insight into how the concept of sustainable development can be made operational for coherent law making through its translation into legal terms.The book is split into two informative points of inquiry. The first part of the book explores the origins of the sustainable development debate and sheds light on how the international community has inadequately operationalized the concept to utilize its full potential. In this view, Elisabeth Bürgi Bonanomi illustrates how sustainable development can facilitate coherent international law making when it is understood as a multidimensional legal principle and methodical norm. The second part of the book adopts this notion as an analytical lens on the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, placing the focus specifically on food security and food sustainability. The overarching discussion contributes to one of the most intricate debates of international food governance and investigates the unresolved question of what a sustainable and coherent agricultural trade agreement could look like.Providing a comprehensive overview of sustainable development law, its origins, and its current theories, scholars and students with a background in international public law, trade, and investment law, development and human rights law, international relations, and environmental policy will find this book a valuable reference tool. Practitioners and policy-makers will benefit from the insight into the search for politically coherent and sustainable legal agreements.Trade Review‘This book provides a magisterial account of the history, conceptualization, and institutionalization of the concept of sustainable development in international law and policy making. It provides helpful and insightful illumination of these issues, both at a general level and specifically through an extended case study of the evolution of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture – a particularly appropriate choice of case study given that agriculture implicates a wide range of divergent values, including the economic benefits of free trade; promoting access to affordable food; protecting small subsistence farmers, especially in developing countries; and minimizing environmental degradation through over-exploitation of natural resources such as fisheries, soil depletion or contamination. An overarching and constructive theme of the book is the need for greater legal coherence in international law making across these various domains which are often fragmented in institutional silos that lack effective integrating mechanisms.’ -- Michael Trebilcock, University of Toronto, Canada‘Sustainable development, now made fully operational thanks to the contribution of Elisabeth Bürgi Bonanomi, can support policy reforms that will improve global governance, thus ensuring that the trade regime is shaped to support the policy objectives that it is meant to serve. The area of food and agriculture is in many ways a case study of a lack of consistency across policy areas. It is now high time to overcome this failure. I have no doubt that this volume represents a major contribution towards this end.’ -- Olivier De Schutter, Member of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights‘Understanding the problems of global food governance through the lens of sustainable development provides an important way of reinvigorating the increasingly fractious debate about how, if at all, the WTO Agreement on Agriculture should be changed to accommodate the contemporary challenges of global food security. Elisabeth Bürgi Bonanomi’s book is an interesting and very welcome addition to the literature.’ -- Fiona Smith, Warwick University, UK* Following quote should not be used without the express permission of the author‘Elisabeth Bürgi Bonanomi’s book is a refreshing new look at an established concept. Many believe ‘sustainable development’ need not be explained to them. Think again. By reviewing the concept’s origins and tracking its application in treaty and case-law alike, this book offers a much needed revisit of an issue core to international environmental law.’ -- Geert van Calster, University of Leuven, BelgiumTable of ContentsContents: PART I THE FOUNDATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1. History of the Concept of Sustainable Development 2. Conceptual and Institutional Approaches Towards Sustainable Development PART II SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 3. International Sustainable Development Law: A New Branch of Law 4. Notion of Legal Coherence in the Context of Sustainable Development 5. Status of the Principle of Sustainable Development in International Law PART III TRADE IN AGRICULTURE ASSESSED FOR COHERENCE 6. The Legal Foundations of the Assessment 7. Legal Principle of Sustainable Development Applied to the Agreement on Agriculture Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisApplied Reliability for Industry 2 illustrates the multidisciplinary state-of-the-art science of experimental reliability. Many experts are now convinced that reliability is not limited to statistical sciences. In fact, many different disciplines interact in order to bring a product to its highest possible level of reliability, made available through today's technologies, developments and production methods. These three books, of which this is the second, propose new methods for analyzing the lifecycle of a system, enabling us to record the development phases according to development time and levels of complexity for its integration. Experimental reliability, as advanced in Applied Reliability for Industry 2, examines all the tools and testing methods used to demonstrate the reliability of the final mechatronic system.Table of ContentsForeword ix Philippe EUDELINE Preface xi Abdelkhalak EL HAMI, David DELAUX and Henri GRZESKOWIAK Chapter 1 Aggravated Testing 1 Henri GRZESKOWIAK, David DELAUX and Abdelkhalak EL HAMI 1.1 Introduction to aggravated (or highly accelerated) testing 1 1.2 Background 1 1.3 General approach 3 1.3.1 Robustness and reliability 5 1.4 Types of products affected by aggravated tests 8 1.5 Aeronautical sector example: effect of aging on the SOA (safe operating area) 13 1.6 Typology of precipitated defects in HALT tests 14 1.7 Carrying out tests with HALT machine’s pneumatic hammers: inherent particularities and precautions 16 1.8 Comparing vibration fatigue of HALT versus ALT testing 23 1.8.1 Presentation of the adopted approach 23 1.8.2 The fatigue damage spectrum 24 1.8.3 Automotive case study: inverter/converter failure 28 1.8.4 Comparison of accelerated and aggravated tests 38 1.8.5 The standards 40 1.9 References 41 Chapter 2 Fatigue Damage Analysis and Reliability Optimization of Structures Subjected to Random Vibrations 47 Ahmed YAICH and Abdelkhalak EL HAMI 2.1 Introduction 47 2.2 Fatigue damage analysis 48 2.2.1 Formulations and developments 48 2.2.2 Fatigue damage analysis strategy 51 2.3 Reliability optimization of structures subjected to random vibrations 52 2.3.1 Deterministic design optimization 52 2.3.2 Reliability-based design optimization 53 2.3.3 Reliability optimization of structures subjected to random vibrations 62 2.4 Applications 64 2.4.1 Description of the problem 64 2.4.2 Results and discussion 67 2.5 Conclusion 71 2.6 References 72 Chapter 3 Accelerated Testing 77 Henri GRZESKOWIAK, David DELAUX and Abdelkhalak EL HAMI 3.1 The different types of tests 77 3.1.1 The calculations 78 3.1.2 The simulations 78 3.1.3 The tests 79 3.1.4 Links between the three types of demonstrations 80 3.2 General information on accelerated testing 80 3.2.1 The experimental models 83 3.2.2 Statistical models 83 3.2.3 The physical models 83 3.3 The principle, methodology and implementation of accelerated testing 83 3.3.1 Definition and key concepts 84 3.3.2 Evaluating the predictive reliability of a system by performing tests 86 3.3.3 Accelerated tests (based on the physical model): example of temperature acceleration 88 3.3.4 Evaluating the predicted reliability of a system in relation to an imposed lifetime and environmental constraints 88 3.3.5 Humid heat 90 3.3.6 Temperature 91 3.3.7 Multi-stress laws 92 3.3.8 Accelerated testing in practice 92 3.3.9 Reliability assessment for wear-and-tear related failure mechanisms 93 3.3.10 Conclusion of section 94 3.4 The different phases of building a reliability validation plan 95 3.5 Development of a corrosion environment test for automotive heat exchangers 97 3.6 Accelerated testing standards 107 3.7 Conclusion 109 3.8 References 109 Chapter 4 Collection of Standards NF 50-144-1 to 6: The Consideration of Environment in the Product Lifecycle 113 Henri GRZESKOWIAK, David DELAUX and Abdelkhalak EL HAMI 4.1 Introduction 113 4.2 Presentation of AFNOR NF 50-144-1 to 6 114 4.3 Focus on NF X50-144-3 119 4.3.1 The four steps of the methodology 120 4.3.2 Focus on step 3: the DBM 126 4.3.3 Focus on step 3: illustrations of the disjointed blocks method 134 4.3.4 Example of test customization for the A400 M aircraft 140 4.5 References 143 Chapter 5 Development of Vibration Specifications for Powertrain Components 145 Marco BONATO 5.1 Introduction 145 5.1.1 Combustion engine vibration 146 5.2 Types of vibration signals for validation testing 148 5.2.1 Conventional signals used in the automotive industry 148 5.2.2 Validation tests for engine mounted heat exchangers 148 5.2.3 Recent developments: customizing vibration specifications 149 5.2.4. The FFT method: test signal in PSD form and sinusoidal sweep 150 5.2.5 The customized test method 151 5.3 Case study: vibratory specification for a water-cooled WCAC 153 5.3.1 Vibration signals: PSD and sinusoidal sweep 154 5.4 Development of a signal more representative of the real-world environment 156 5.4.1 Multi-sine sweeps over noise 157 5.4.2 Comparison with existing methods 159 5.4.3 Subsequent work 160 5.5 References 160 Chapter 6 Improving Accelerated Reliability Testing by Using Optimized Signals 163 Jonathan MARTINO 6.1 Introduction 164 6.2 General considerations 165 6.2.1 Multi-sine signals 166 6.3 Kurtosis and CF 170 6.3.1 Kurtosis 170 6.3.2 Crest factor 171 6.4 Optimization of multi-sine pseudo-random signals 172 6.4.1 Controlling the CF by optimizing the phase shifts 172 6.4.2 Preliminary treatment 173 6.4.3 Analytical determination 174 6.4.4 Numerical methods 174 6.4.5 Stochastic distribution of signals with low CF 175 6.4.6 Use of optimized low-peak signals for environmental testing 176 6.4.7 Kurtosis control through non-linear manipulation 178 6.4.8 Duality between kurtosis and CF 179 6.5 Damage assessment 182 6.5.1 Fatigue damage spectrum 182 6.5.2 Reducing the test duration 186 6.5.3 Influence of signal optimization in damage assessment 186 6.6 Conclusion 192 6.7 References 193 List of Authors 197 Index 199 Summaries of other volumes 203

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Book SynopsisApplied Reliability for Industry 3 illustrates the multidisciplinary state-of-the-art science of operational reliability. Many experts are now convinced that reliability is not limited to statistical sciences. In fact, many different disciplines interact in order to bring a product to its highest possible level of reliability, made available through today’s technologies, developments and production methods. These three books, of which this is the third, propose new methods for analyzing the lifecycle of a system, enabling us to record the development phases according to development time and levels of complexity for its integration. Operational reliability, as presented in Applied Reliability for Industry 3, verifies the reliability performance of the mechatronic system in real life through an analysis of field data.Table of ContentsForeword xi Phillipe EUDELINE Preface xiii Abdelkhalak EL HAMI, David DELAUX, Henri GRZESKOWIAK Chapter 1 Durability Approach: Applied to a Vehicle Lighting Control System 1 Medoune NDIAYE and Caroline RAMUS-SERMENT 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Example of a vehicle lighting control system 2 1.2.1 Risks and reliability requirements 3 1.2.2 From failure modes to failure mechanisms 3 1.2.3 From failure mechanisms to physical damage factors 5 1.2.4 From physical damage factors to mission profiles or customer usage 6 1.2.5 From failure mechanisms to component part strength distribution 7 1.2.6 Resistance distribution chart 11 1.2.7 Proposal and study of a validation plan using the stress–strength method: various real-world examples 14 1.3 Conclusion 19 1.4 References 19 Chapter 2 Structural Diagrams to Validate the Reliability of Mechanical Components 21 Paul SCHIMMERLING 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Choice of methods 22 2.2.1 Criteria selection 22 2.2.2 Four basic methods 23 2.2.3 An applied example: the validation of disc brake pads 24 2.3 Feasibility study on the four methods 25 2.3.1 Animation principle 25 2.3.2 Comparison of Weibull laws under testing and in service 25 2.3.3 Comparing degradation under testing and in service 28 2.3.4 Stress–strength method 30 2.4 Conclusion 34 2.5 References 35 Chapter 3 How to Put an Efficient Methodology to Design Innovative Products in Place 39 Claire SCHAYES, Ludovic NGAVOUKA and Eric MANOUVRIER 3.1 Introduction 39 3.1.1 Reliability 39 3.1.2 Variability 40 3.1.3 “Lean Six Sigma” 40 3.1.4 Quality according to the “Lean Six Sigma” approach “is conforming to requirements” 41 3.2 Dfss 42 3.3 Dmaic 46 3.3.1 Introduction to DMAIC 46 3.3.2 Why launch DMAIC projects? 46 3.4 Feedback 50 3.4.1 Feedback on the define phase 50 3.4.2 Feedback on the measure phase 50 3.4.3 Feedback on the analyze phase 51 3.4.4 Feedback on the innovation phase 52 3.4.5 Feedback on the control phase 53 3.4.6 Can DMAIC be customized? 54 3.5 How to design a reliable welding process with control over the design of experience? 57 3.6 Definition of the objectives 58 3.6.1 Determining the study space 59 3.6.2 Building the DOE 65 3.6.3 Conducting the tests 66 3.6.4 Analyzing the results 67 3.6.5 Process optimization 68 3.6.6 Validation 69 3.7 Big Data and process? 69 3.8 Conclusion 74 3.9 Appendix 1: example of an ANOVA study 74 3.10 Appendix 2: studying the variability of cycle times 79 3.11. Appendix 3: example for the use of traditional statistics in Big Data 87 3.12 References 90 Chapter 4 Reliability Study of the High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) 91 Abdelhamid AMAR, Bouchaïb RADI and Abdelkhalak EL HAMI 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 HEMT technology 92 4.3 HEMT thermal modeling 94 4.4 Reliability methods 96 4.4.1 Reliability study 96 4.4.2 Calculating the probability of failure 97 4.5 Thermo-reliability coupling 101 4.6 Calculating HEMT reliability 102 4.7 Conclusion 103 4.8 References 103 Chapter 5 Warranty Cost 107 David DELAUX 5.1 Introduction 107 5.1.1 The evolution of the warranty 107 5.1.2 The warranty cost 108 5.2 Warranty and reliability 111 5.2.1 Qualitative analysis 111 5.2.2 Quantitative analysis 112 5.3 Reliability estimation models 113 5.3.1 Parametric, non-parametric and other models 113 5.3.2 Mixed models 114 5.3.3 Advantages and disadvantages 116 5.4 New models for estimating reliability from warranty costs 117 5.4.1 Assumptions 117 5.4.2 Definition of the transition between “random” and “wear-and-tear” phases 120 5.4.3 New operational reliability model for the “random” phase 125 5.4.4 New operational reliability model for the “wear-and-tear” phase 125 5.5 Applied automotive case studies 126 5.6 Conclusion 128 5.7 References 128 Chapter 6 Reliability Evaluation of a Luxury Watch Product: Application of the Stress–Strength Method to a Mechanical Component 135 Matthieu SALLIN and Anthony PONCET 6.1 Introduction 135 6.2 Presentation of the watch and its case study 136 6.2.1 The mechanical watch 136 6.2.2 Case study of the barrel spring 137 6.2.3 Identification of failure modes and damaging factors 137 6.3 Evaluation of the customer usage profile 138 6.3.1 Classifying usage typologies 138 6.3.2 Statistical quantification of usage 139 6.4 Characterizing experimental reliability 140 6.4.1 Performance of failure tests 140 6.4.2 Evaluation of the accelerated lifetime law 141 6.4.3 Constructing the law of resistance 142 6.5 Reliability evaluation of customers 143 6.5.1 Reliability calculation using the stress–strength method 143 6.5.2 Transformation of the stress profile 144 6.5.3 Numerical application to the barrel case study 146 6.6 Conclusion 147 6.7 References 148 Chapter 7 RBDO of the High Electron Mobility Transistor 149 Abdelhamid AMAR, Bouchaïb RADI and Abdelkhalak EL HAMI 7.1 Introduction 149 7.2 Description of the HEMT technology 151 7.3 Electrothermomechanical modeling of HEMT 152 7.3.1 Electrothermal modeling of HEMT 152 7.3.2 Thermomechanical modeling of HEMT 154 7.4 Reliability methods 156 7.5 Reliability analysis of HEMT 156 7.6 Reliability optimization of systems 158 7.6.1 The classic RBDO approach 158 7.6.2 The hybrid RBDO approach 159 7.7 HEMT reliability optimization using the hybrid RBDO approach 160 7.7.1 Description of the optimization problem 160 7.7.2 Results and discussion 160 7.8 Conclusion 161 7.9 References 162 List of Authors 167 Index 169 Summaries of other volumes 171

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Book SynopsisThis timely research review discusses a selection of key articles on the economics of renewable energy. From a modest role as a backstop technology in the 1970s to a central role in low carbon transitions today, the review reveals the emergence and growing importance of this sub-field of economics. Topics covered include the costs of renewable power (taking account of issues related to technological development, intermittency and interconnection), policies that promote renewable energy development, its public and private demand, and its impact on the environment and the economy. This comprehensive and indispensible review serves as an essential source of reference for students and researchers.Trade Review‘Roger Fouquet has assembled an All-Star Team of energy economists whose impressive body of work extends from the beginning of the theory of optimal extraction of exhaustible natural resources, all the way through the emergence of exciting new technologies for renewable generation. Along with the honor of appearing here, however, the authors should know that I’ll use this terrific collection every time I go looking for the best possible reviewers of new research in renewable energy.’ -- Don Fullerton, Editor, Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource EconomistsTable of ContentsContents Introduction Roger Fouquet PART I RENEWABLE ENERGY AS A ‘BACKSTOP TECHNOLOGY’ 1. Robert M. Solow (1974), ‘The Economics of Resources or the Resources of Economics’, American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 64 (2), May, 1–14 2. Partha Dasgupta and Geoffrey Heal (1974), ’The Optimal Depletion of Exhaustible Resources’, Review of Economic Studies: Symposium on the Economics of Exhaustible Resources, 41 (5), December, 3–28 3. Ujjayant Chakravorty, James Roumasset and Kinping Tse (1997), ‘Endogenous Substitution among Energy Resources and Global Warming’, Journal of Political Economy, 105 (6), December, 1201–34 4. Olli Tahvonen and Seppo Salo (2001), ‘Economic Growth and Transitions between Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Resources’, European Economic Review, 45 (8), August, 1379–98 5. Yacov Tsur and Amos Zemel (2003), ‘Optimal Transition to Backstop Substitutes for Nonrenewable Resources’, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 27 (4), February, 551–72 6. Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion, Leonardo Bursztyn and David Hemous (2012), ‘The Environment and Directed Technical Change’, American Economic Review, 102 (1), February, 131–66 PART II THE ECONOMICS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 7. Severin Borenstein (2012), ‘The Private and Public Economics of Renewable Electricity Generation’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26 (1), Winter, 67–92 8. Geoffrey Heal (2010), ‘Reflections – The Economics of Renewable Energy in the United States’, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 4 (1), Winter, 139–54 9. Paul L. Joskow (2011), ‘Comparing the Costs of Intermittent and Dispatchable Electricity Generating Technologies’, American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 101 (3), May, 238–41 10. Gautam Gowrisankaran, Stanley S. Reynolds and Mario Samano (2016), ‘Intermittency and the Value of Renewable Energy’, Journal of Political Economy, 124 (4), August, 1187–234 11. Richard Green, Danny Pudjianto, Iain Staffell and Goran Strbac (2016), ‘Market Design for Long-Distance Trade in Renewable Electricity’, Energy Journal: Bollino-Madlener Special Issue, 37 (SI2), 5–22 12. Erin Baker, Meredith Fowlie, Derek Lemoine and Stanley S. Reynolds (2013), ‘The Economics of Solar Electricity’, Annual Review of Resource Economics, 5, 387–426 PART III POLICIES TO PROMOTE RENEWABLE ENERGY: CONCEPTS, THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 13. Ryan Wiser, Steven Pickle and Charles Goldman (1998), ‘Renewable Energy Policy and Electricity Restructuring: A California Case Study’, Energy Policy, 26 (6), May, 465–75 14. Eirik S. Amundsen and Jørgen Birk Mortensen (2001), ‘The Danish Green Certificate System: Some Simple Analytical Results’, Energy Economics, 23 (5), September, 489–509 15. Stefan Boeters and Joris Koornneef (2011), ‘Supply of Renewable Energy Sources and the Cost of EU Climate Policy’, Energy Economics, 33 (5), September, 1024–34 16. Harrison Fell and Joshua Linn (2013), ‘Renewable Electricity Policies, Heterogeneity, and Cost Effectiveness’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 66 (3), November, 688–707 PART IV POLICIES TO PROMOTE RENEWABLE ENERGY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 17. Catherine Mitchell (1995), ‘The Renewables NFFO: A Review’, Energy Policy, 23 (12), December, 1077–91 18. Richard Schmalensee (2012), ‘Evaluating Policies to Increase Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy’, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 6 (1), Winter, 45–64 19. Steffen Jenner, Gabriel Chan, Rolf Frankenberger and Mathias Gabel (2012), ‘What Drives States to Support Renewable Energy?’, Energy Journal, 33 (2), 1–12 20. Thilo Grau (2014), ‘Responsive Feed-In Tariff Adjustment to Dynamic Technology Development’, Energy Economics, 44, July, 36–46 21. Jonathan E. Hughes and Molly Podolefsky (2015), ‘Getting Green with Solar Subsidies: Evidence from the California Solar Initiative’, Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 2 (2), June, 235–75 PART V INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 22. Michael J. Grubb (1988), ‘The Potential for Wind Energy in Britain’, Energy Policy, 16 (6), December, 594–607 23. Gregory F. Nemet (2006), ‘Beyond the Learning Curve: Factors Influencing Cost Reductions in Photovoltaics’, Energy Policy, 34 (17), November, 3218–32 24. David Popp, Ivan Hascic and Neelakshi Medhi (2011), ‘Technology and the Diffusion of Renewable Energy’, Energy Economics: Special Issue on The Economics of Technologies to Combat Global Warming, 33 (4), July, 648–62 25. Kenneth Gillingham, Hao Deng, Ryan Wiser, Naïm Richard Darghouth, Gregory Nemet, Galen Barbose, Varun Rai and Changgui Dong (2016), ‘Deconstructing Solar Photovoltaic Pricing: The Role of Market Structure, Technology, and Policy’, Energy Journal, 37 (3), 231–50 26. Birte Pfeiffer and Peter Mulder (2013), ‘Explaining the Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technology in Developing Countries’, Energy Economics, 40, November, 285–96 PART VI THE DEMAND FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY 27. Roger Fouquet (1998), ‘The United Kingdom Demand for Renewable Electricity in a Liberalised Market’, Energy Policy, 26 (4), March, 281–93 28. Ryan H. Wiser (2007), ‘Using Contingent Valuation to Explore Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energy: A Comparison of Collective and Voluntary Payment Vehicles’, Ecological Economics, 62 (3–4), May, 419–32 29. Marcello Graziano and Kenneth Gillingham (2015), ‘Spatial Patterns of Solar Photovoltaic System Adoption: The Influence of Neighbors and the Built Environment’, Journal of Economic Geography, 15 (4), July, 815–39 30. Naïm R. Darghouth, Galen Barbose and Ryan Wiser (2011), ‘The Impact of Rate Design and Net Metering on the Bill Savings from Distributed PV for Residential Customers in California’, Energy Policy, 39 (9), September, 5243–53 PART VII THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 31. Brian C. Murray, Maureen L. Cropper, Francisco C. de la Chesnaye and John M. Reilly (2014), ‘How Effective are US Renewable Energy Subsidies in Cutting Greenhouse Gases?’, American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 104 (5), May, 569–74 32. Joseph Cullen (2013), ‘Measuring the Environmental Benefits of Wind-Generated Electricity’, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 5 (4), November, 107–33 33. Kevin Novan (2015), ‘Valuing the Wind: Renewable Energy Policies and Air Pollution Avoided’, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 7 (3), August, 291–326 34. Kenneth Lee, Edward Miguel and Catherine Wolfram (2016), ‘Appliance Ownership and Aspirations among Electric Grid and Home Solar Households in Rural Kenya’, American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 106 (5), May, 89–94 PART VIII THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 35. Esther Duflo and Rohini Pande (2007), ‘Dams’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122 (2), May, 601–46 36. Carl Kitchens (2014), ‘The Role of Publicly Provided Electricity in Economic Development: The Experience of the Tennessee Valley Authority, 1929–1955’, Journal of Economic History, 74 (2), June, 389–419 37. Molly Lipscomb, A. Mushfiq Mobarak and Tania Barham (2013), ‘Development Effects of Electrification: Evidence from the Topographic Placement of Hydropower Plants in Brazil’, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5 (2), April, 200–31 38. Hunt Allcott, Allan Collard-Wexler and Stephen D. O’Connell (2016), ‘How Do Electricity Shortages Affect Industry? Evidence from India’, American Economic Review, 106 (3), March, 587–624 39. Samuel R. Dastrup, Joshua Graff Zivin, Dora L. Costa and Matthew E. Kahn (2012), ‘Understanding the Solar Home Price Premium: Electricity Generation and “Green” Social Status’, European Economic Review: Green Building, the Economy, and Public Policy, 56 (5), July, 961–73 40. Christopher R. Knittel and Aaron Smith (2015), ‘Ethanol Production and Gasoline Prices: A Spurious Correlation’, Energy Journal, 36 (1), 73–113 PART IX THE TRANSITION TO A RENEWABLE ENERGY ECONOMY 41. Penny Street and Ian Miles (1996), ‘Transition to Alternative Energy Supply Technologies: The Case of Windpower’, Energy Policy, 24 (5), May, 413–25 42. Karsten Neuhoff (2005), ‘Large-Scale Deployment of Renewables for Electricity Generation’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 21 (1), Spring, 88–110 43. Richard Green and Nicholas Vasilakos (2010), ‘Market Behaviour with Large Amounts of Intermittent Generation’, Energy Policy, Special Section: Large-Scale Wind Power in Electricity Markets, 38 (7), July, 3211–20 44. Roger Fouquet (2011), ‘The Sustainability of “Sustainable” Energy Use: Historical Evidence on the Relationship between Economic Growth and Renewable Energy’, in Ibon Galarraga, Mikel González-Eguino and Anil Markandya (eds), Handbook of Sustainable Energy, Part I, Chapter 1, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 1–12 Index

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Book SynopsisThe solar photovoltaic sector is moving forward very fast, both in terms of its own technological advancement and its standing among global renewable energy technologies. Rapid increases in solar cell efficiencies, fast technical change in solar batteries and solar glass, and economies of scale in production fuel its rapid adoption and it is becoming clear that existing forecasts about its adoption need to be updated extensively. This timely and distinctive examination of the economic side of the field takes into account solar PV's recent and growing lead among renewable energies competing to replace fossil fuels.The Revolution in Energy Technology examines the birth of this technology in the United States, where the main innovators are still located, the emergence of China as a main production hub, and new and growing contributions to the innovation cascades from other countries including Germany, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The participation of universities as investors and the role of venture capital are discussed, and particular emphasis is given to the domination of the sector by large firms.The book is interesting for both academics and graduate students as well as policy makers, technicians, engineers and companies involved in the field.Table of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Some Key Points of the Solar Photovoltaic Sector 3. Sector Evolution Under Innovation Cascade 4. The Catch-Up of the Chinese Solar PV Sector 5. Anchored Clusters: The Rise and Fall of Solar PV 6. Star Scientists in PV Technology and the Limits of Academic Entrepreneurship 7. The Limited Innovation of Small Businesses in the Solar Photovoltaic Sector in the US: Is the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program a Boon for Small Businesses in the US? 8. A Sector with Innovations Driven by Demand 9. Grand Challenges and Innovation Cascades in the Solar Sector 10. Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Chen Gang examines the real-world effectiveness of China's approach to the promotion of green technologies and practices, and discusses the political landscape in which it is situated.Politics of Renewable Energy in China questions the wisdom of hailing China as a model for authoritarian environmental governance with an up-to-date examination of the subject. It provides readers with a thorough and timely account of recent developments in China's low-carbon energy industries. Disclosing how energy interest groups are lobbying members of central government, and shedding light on disputes between pro-development and pro-environmental groups, this book explores the ideological and bureaucratic inconsistency and confusion which surrounds China's environmental policies. Emphasizing China's renewable energy policies, related enforcement issues and local political concerns over wind and solar generation, this book examines the extent to which China's centralised, top down approach has been effective in ensuring local actors reach policy targets.This up-to-date account of recent developments in Chinese low-carbon industries will be useful for readers with an interest in China's model of renewable energy industries, in particular students of Chinese and international politics. It will also be a valuable tool for researchers and professors of public and environmental policy, Chinese and climate studies.Trade Review'This book presents a solid reflection on a range of core topics which not only relate to the processes of, and interactions with, politics in energy markets, but more fundamentally that it outlines key players and institutions as well as many major evolutions of recent Chinese energy policy. The book usefully draws together a core summary of key evolutions in Chinese energy policy, and reflects on issues pertaining to the political economy of energy markets - a subject area one might argue is due a renewal in the academic literature.' -- David C Broadstock, Economics of Energy & Environmental PolicyTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. China’s Mercantile Strategy to Boost Renewable Sectors 3. Central Authorities’ Top-down Approach of Promoting Renewable Energy 4. Challenges from the Local: Geographic and Industrial Barriers 5. Interest Groups and the Bureaucracy 6. Disputes over How to Go Low-Carbon 7. Five-Year Plans and Energy Policy Priorities 8. Discussion: Energy Policy Priorities in a Fragmented Authoritarian State 9. Conclusion: Policy Priorities Reshaped by Central–Local Relationship and Interest Groups Index

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book explores the adoption of energy-saving technologies and their impact on energy efficiency improvements. It contains a mix of theoretical and empirical contributions, and combines and compares economic and physical indicators to monitor and analyze trends in energy efficiency. The authors pay considerable attention to empirical research on the determinants of energy-saving investment including uncertainty, energy-price volatility and subsidies. They also discuss the role of energy modeling in policy design and the potential effect of energy policies on technology diffusion in energy-extensive sectors. Written from a multi-disciplinary perspective, this book will appeal to academics and graduates in the areas of energy-saving technologies, energy economics and natural resource economics as well as policy makers - particularly those in energy policy. Contributors: K. Blok, H.L.F. de Groot, R.J.G.M. Florax, M. Harmelink, G.W. Hunter, S. Joosen, M.J. Koetse, P. Mulder, M.K. Patel, A. Ramirez, W.J.H. van Groenendaal, D.P. van Soest, H.R.J. VolleberghTrade Review’Increasing energy-efficiency is important because it offers the prospect of partly solving our climate change and energy security problems without pain. This book sheds further light on the issue, focusing on energy-extensive economic activities which, by sheer volume, collectively use a substantial amount of energy. That simple fact alone makes this book worthwhile, but there are many other gems.’- Richard Tol, the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Ireland ’This book rightly focuses on energy efficiency for the less energy-intensive sectors of our economy. In many industrialized countries the share of these sectors is growing, yet little attention is paid to energy, either by companies themselves, or by policy-makers or scientists. While focusing mainly on experiences in the Netherlands, this book makes an excellent contribution to the study of these sectors and, most importantly, initiates more comprehensive multi-disciplinary analyses.’-Ernst Worrell, Utrecht University, The NetherlandsTable of ContentsContents: Preface INTRODUCTION 1. Energy Efficiency and Technological Change Raymond J.G.M. Florax, Henri L.F. de Groot and Peter Mulder PART I: TRENDS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY 2. A Spatial Perspective on Global Energy Productivity Trends Peter Mulder, Raymond J.G.M. Florax and Henri L.F. de Groot 3. Energy-Productivity Performance Across 14 OECD Countries: The Role of Energy-Extensive Sectors Peter Mulder and Henri L.F. de Groot 4. Using Physical Indicators to Monitor Energy Efficiency in Energy-Extensive Sectors Andrea Ramírez, Martin K. Patel and Kornelis Blok 5. Monitoring Energy Use and Energy Efficiency in the Dutch Service Sector Andrea Ramírez, Martin K. Patel and Kornelis Blok PART II: TECHNOLOGY AND INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR 6. Adoption Criteria, Diffusion and Firm Size: The Role of Learning in Reconciling Theories of Endogenous Technical Change with Empirical Evidence Greg W. Hunter 7. A Meta-Regression Analysis of the Investment–Uncertainty Relationship Mark J. Koetse, Henri L.F. de Groot and Raymond J.G.M. Florax 8. The Effects of Uncertainty on Investments: Analysing the Environmental Impact of Energy Market Liberalization Daan P. van Soest and Henri L.F. de Groot PART III: ENERGY POLICY DESIGN 9. Energy Investment Behaviour: Firm Heterogeneity and Subsidy Design Daan P. van Soest and Herman R.J. Vollebergh 10. Effectiveness of Energy Policies in the Service Sector Kornelis Blok, Suzanne Joosen and Mirjam Harmelink 11. Energy Model and Policy Advice: The Effect of Model Choice Willem J.H. van Groenendaal EPILOGUE 12. Conclusions and Future Research Raymond J.G.M. Florax, Henri L.F. de Groot and Peter Mulder Index

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Book SynopsisProviding the world's growing population with its increasing demands for energy is a major challenge for science, business and society alike. Energy can be generated from many sources, but not all sources are suitable for every application. Much of today's technology has been built on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels derived from fossil sources. However, the supply of these is finite and their combustion produces carbon dioxide, one of the gases responsible for global warming. Therefore, alternative sources of energy are required which are renewable, sustainable and carbon neutral. This textbook explores the production of biofuels as alternatives to fossil fuels, focusing on the technological issues that need to be addressed for any new fuel source. Each type of biofuel currently in production is considered in detail, covering the benefits and problems with production and use and the potential for biological material to provide sufficient energy for the world's population - the principles on which future fuel development are based.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Energy and fossil fuel use Chapter 2: Consequences of burning fossil fuels Chapter 3: Mitigation of global warming Chapter 4: Biological solid fuels Chapter 5: Gaseous biofuels Chapter 6: Liquid biofuels to replace petrol Chapter 7: Liquid biofuels to replace diesel Chapter 8: Benefits and deficiencies of biofuels

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Book SynopsisEvery day there are news reports that highlight spiralling energy costs, accelerating energy consumption, serious concerns over fuel security and fears that oil production may soon decline. All such reports are set against a background of the most serious threat to the world today - global warming and the devastating impact of climate change.Trade Review'This user-friendly title written by an expert in power engineering provides a clearly illustrated guide to renewable energy, its benefits and applications' * The Environmentalist *

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to present a systemic perspective to energetic transition to a discarbonated society implying an increase of energetic efficiency of current production process, new way of energy production - integration of renewable energies, re-use of wastes. Main societal functions are analyzed in order to highlight the ongoing process of technological and non-technological innovations: transport and mobility, food, building. The purpose of this book is to analyze from a global perspective the energetic innovative system on building and to understand the limits of its development and potential new actions.Table of ContentsPreface vii Introduction ix Chapter 1. A Necessary Transition? 1 1.1. Socio-technical systems facing their limits 2 1.1.1. Meeting global demographic pressures 3 1.1.2. Limiting the depletion of natural resources 4 1.1.3. Restrain environmental degradation 5 1.2. An analytical framework under construction: the Transition Studies 7 1.2.1. The emergence of “Transition Studies” 7 1.2.2. The transition as a process of socio-technical systems transformation 8 1.2.3. A transition supported by a systemic vision of innovation 11 1.3. Eco-innovations: facilitators of the transition? 19 1.3.1. Innovation for the environment 19 1.3.2. New management and innovation practices 22 Chapter 2. Energy Transitions 27 2.1. A socially structuring energy model 29 2.2. Fundamentals and characterization of the current energy system 31 2.2.1. Energy and the energy system 31 2.2.2. From primary energy to final energy 32 2.3. The limits of the current energy system 34 2.3.1. An evolution of the world’s energy consumption… 35 2.3.2. …which shrinks fossil energy reserves… 36 2.3.3. …and generates local and global environmental damage 38 2.4. Innovation in the energy transition 40 2.4.1. Improving the current system of energy production and adapting existing technologies to new constraints 41 2.4.2. Producing energy differently from non-carbon resources 43 2.4.3. Using energy differently: electromobility 47 2.4.4. Transition to a radically new energy system: the hydrogen economy 50 2.5. Barriers of the energy transition 55 2.5.1. Market failures 55 2.5.2. Systemic failures 56 Chapter 3. Agro-ecological Transitions 59 3.1. The notion of agro-ecology 60 3.1.1. Towards an ecologically intensive agriculture… 60 3.1.2. … and a sustainable food regime 61 3.2. The implementation of the agro-ecological transition 61 3.2.1. Changing agricultural production systems 62 3.2.2. Eco-innovations in agribusiness companies: a recent and moderate development 63 3.2.3. Consumers committed to the environment 65 3.3. Obstacles and levers for the agro-ecological transition 69 3.3.1. Process of locking and unlocking 69 3.3.2. Obstacles to the development of new agricultural practices 71 3.3.3. Blockages on the side of the agri-food sector 77 3.4. The levers for agro-ecological transition: the role of public policies 79 Conclusion 87 Bibliography 91 Index 115

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Book SynopsisTranslating wind energy research into useable technology Wind Energy Conversion 1997: From Theory to Practice offers a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field. A compilation of papers from the British Wind Energy Association's 19th Annual Conference, this book details the recent advances and projects from industry, academic institutions, government institutions, and private investors from around the world. This year's conference emphasized the translational aspect of wind energy research, focusing on advances that contribute directly to marketable technology.Table of ContentsPart 1 Keynote session: conference welcoming address, R. Hunter; conference opening address, J. Battle; wind energy industry and environmental bodies - friends not foes!, M. Mathers. Part 2 Overviews and perspectives: windfarms of the UK - a 1997 update, P. Hannah; UK DTI wind programme area - review and current priorities, J.W. Craig; winning the communications war, A. Hyde. Part 3 Windfarm design and construction: logistical problems with constructing windfarms in remote Scottish locations, R.P. Blunden and A. Schimidt; road construction at Novar windfarm, P.C. McLellan et al; WINDOPS - a new PC-based approach for windfarm design and optimization, N.G. Douglas et al. Part 4 Windfarm power quality: experience of windfarm electrical issues in Europe and further afield, P. Gardner; the use of advanced static VAR compensators to improve the power quality of windfarms, Z. Saad-Saoud and N. Jenkins. Part 5 Wind turbine philosophies: light can be tough, P.H. Geraets et al; common fallacies in wind turbine design, P. Jamieson; a 20kW grid-connected wind turbine for rural electicity users, G. Jenkins et al; aerodynamic damping for flexible structures, K. Kaiser. Part 6 Autonomous systems: an improved model for estimating the yearly performance of photo-voltaic, wind and hybrid energy systems, A.N. Celik and R. Marshall; control of an integrated wind turbine generator and photo-voltaic system for battery charging, S. Arul Daniel et al; computer modelling of a large-scale stand-alone wind-powered desalination plant, Z. Rahal and D.G. Infield. Part 7 Standards, design methods and technical tools: identification of low-cycle effects on wind turbine component lifetime estimation, F. Mouzakis and E. Morfiadakis; inspection of a lightning-damaged wind turbine blade, G.M. Smith and B.R. Clayton; the mast on the house, L. Landberg; examining the relationship between wind turbine blade performance and tip vortex behaviour in the wake, J. Whale. Part 8 Components: development of blade test facility to accommodate flexible blade assembly for the new MS4 wind turbine, K. McLernon et al; high-current and high-voltage testing of wind turbine blades and bearings, I. Cotton et al; mass savings in wind turbine towers, M. Johnston and J. Twidell. Part 9 Planning: "developing planning for renewables" for Scotland, C. Revie; life-cycle assessment of wind energy - a case study based on Baix Ebre windfarm, Spain, T.M. Waters et al. Part 10 Visual and aesthetic considerations: computer-generated video fly-through - an aid to visual impact assessment for windfarms, G. Neilson et al; assessing the impact of windfarms - the learning curve in Cornwall, A. Hull; winds of change, C. Palmer and L. Short. (Part contents)

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Book SynopsisIt has been frequently stated that energy storage is an essential requirement if significant generation by renewables is to be achieved, but are the present systems likely to be adequate? This text reviews the present status and future potential of the different systems of energy storage, their role in power generation by renewables specifically, and the electricty market generally.Table of ContentsIncreasing the value of renewable sources with energy storage; the Regenesys energy storage system; the costs and benefits of electrical energy storage; the use of flywheel energy storage in electrical energy management; superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES); hydrogen storage - technically viable and economically sensible?

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Book SynopsisHydropower development, design, and implementation cases Hydropower Developments is a collection of papers curated from the November, 2000 conference hosted by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Showcasing the latest advances from international companies, these papers highlight specific cases that illustrate current challenges and solutions in the field. Details on the refurbishment of Rannoch Power Station in Scotland and the new hydroelectric unit at Kenya's Gitaru Underground Power Station provide up-to-date guidance on design considerations and technological improvements, shedding new light on ongoing work and suggesting directions for future research.Table of ContentsContract and research models: detailed pressure survey of a lattice valve seal under high-flow conditions. Component development: fit for pressure - an investigation into the behaviour of "Piano Note" elastoneric seals; high-pressure components review at Ffestiniog pump storage power station; generator motor air cooler improvements within hydroelectric power generation. New projects: design and supply of mechanical equipment for the Muela Power Station, Lesotho; Gitaru Unit No 1 - 80MW in three years; Beeston Hydroelectric Power Station development. Rehabilitation in Scotland: a strategy for the refurbishment of a 1080MW generaiton portfolio; the refurbishment of Rannoch Power Station including replacement of the spiral casing.

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Book SynopsisDesign and Manufacture for Sustainable Development brings together a collection of papers from a conference held at the University of Liverpool in June 2002 that inspire the interchange of ideas on the theory, technology, tools, and methodology for the entire product life cycle within the framework of sustainable development. It also embraces key subjects including strategy, design, materials, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, disposal, recycling, and auditing. TOPICS COVERED INCLUDE: Philosophy of, and strategy for, sustainable technologies Design principles for sustainable development Sustainable manufacturing technologies Use of recycling/bio-degradable materials Re-use and recycling design and technologies Tools for sustainable product design Measurement and auditing Best practices and case studies Impact of emerging legislation International trends and future development. Sustainable development will have a fundamental impact on the engineering community since, through design and manufacture, we are responsible for the use of energy, materials, and processes for the complete product life cycle. This is an essential volume for the bookshelves of those wanting to be well informed about this evolving technology.Table of ContentsPart 1 Keynote papers: concept, context and co-operation for sustainable technology, J.C. van Weenen; methods and elements towards sustainable products - BMW's strategy in design for recycling and the environment, W. Fried et al; sustainability in fast-moving consumer goods, M. Shaw; sustainable development -professional practice and systems thinking, A. Hall and S. Martin. Part 2 Overviews: evaluation of effective improvement strategies and successful measures for sustainable product design, R. Zust and W. Wimmer; sustainable product development - a view from the front line, G. Kane et al; implications of the integrated product policy (IPP) in new products design and development, M. Sorli et al; CIAM and North-eastern industry - the road to sustainability, T.D. Short et al; standardizing sustainability, R. Valentine. Part 3 New approaches and ideas: taking public perceptions of risk into account in engineering design for sustainable development - a multi-attribute decision making framework, J. Harvey et al; incorporating life-cycle cost into early product development, J.-H. Park and K.-K. Seo; a methodology to support the implementation of product recovery, A. Rahimifard et al; method and tools for the development of environmentally sound products, S. Leibrecht and R. Anderl; a web-based tool for design for sustainability of made-to-order products, P. Norman. Part 4 Manufacturing focus: object-oriented modelling of deep drawn tailored blanks, J. Ullrich and P. Groche; applications for eco-sufficient surface machining with dry ice blasting, E. Uhlmann et al; innovative machining technologies and tools for the disassembly of consumer goods, E. Uhlmann et al; dry machining of cast aluminium automotive wheels -innovative cutting tool design for improved machining performance and environmentally conscious manufacturing, I.S. Jawahir et al. Part 5 Advances in the electronics sector: development of a generic model for life-cycle inventory (LCI) of upstream processes in life-cycle assessment (LCA) of electronic products, A.S.G. Androe and J. Liu; the recycling of telecommunication products - a case study in a Brazilian company, A.C.C. Marques et al; telephone re-manufacture - sustainable development in action, K. Snowdon et al. Part 6 Educational issues: a case study approach to the teaching of design for sustainability - the Royal Academy of Engineering scheme for visiting professors, P. Norman et al; educational challenges of web-based case studies in sustainable development, M. Hutchings et al.

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Book SynopsisUnderground coal gasification (UCG) is an important technique for future coal utilization. It has the potential to be a clean technology and to tap un-mineable, deep coal deposits across the world. Commercialization of UCG has been riddled with a variety of issues, including public perception and a lack of clear comprehension about underlying physicochemical phenomena. This book will bridge the gap in knowledge and highlight the modern findings related to the complex interactions in UCG. With a focus on the chemical reactions in UCG and treating the underground coal cavity as ""nature's own chemical reactor"", various mathematical modeling studies that serve to unravel some of the mysteries of this decades-old technique will be revealed.

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental pollution has been one of the main challenges for sustainable development. Piezoelectric materials can be used as a means of transforming ambient vibrations into electrical energy to power devices. The focus is on an alternative approach to scavenge energy from the environment This book presents harvesting methodologies to evaluate the potential effectiveness of different techniques and provides an overview of the methods and challenges of harvesting energy using piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric energy harvesters have many applications, including sensor nodes, wireless communication, microelectromechanical systems, handheld devices, and mobile devices. It also presents a new approach within piezoelectric energy harvesting using the impact of raindrops. The energy-harvesting model presented is further analyzed for single-unit harvester and an array of multiple harvesters to maximize the efficiency of the device.

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Book SynopsisWind energy is often framed as a factor in rural economic development, an element of the emerging “green economy” destined to upset the dominant greenhouse- gas-emitting energy industry and deliver conscious capitalism to host communities. The bulk of wind energy firms, however, are subsidiaries of the same fossil fuel companies that wrought havoc in shale-gas and coal-mining towns from rural Appalachia to the Great Plains. On its own, wind energy development does not automatically translate into community development.In Governing the Wind Energy Commons, Keith Taylor asks whether revenue generated by wind power can be put to community well-being rather than corporate profit. He looks to the promising example of rural electric cooperatives, owned and governed by the 42 million Americans they serve, which generate $40 billion in annual revenue. Through case studies of a North Dakota wind energy cooperative and an investor-owned wind farm in Illinois, Taylor examines how regulatory and social forces are shaping this emerging energy sector. He draws on interviews with local residents to assess strategies for tipping the balance of power away from absentee-owned utilities.Trade ReviewThis is a groundbreaking work that addresses the potential and limitations of alternative economic models for delivery of a key service: electricity."" - Cornelia Flora, Iowa State UniversityTable of Contents Introduction Community Development & Institutional Fit Case Study - The Investor-Owned Wind Farm Case Study - The Co-operative-Owned Wind Farm Comparing the Investor & Co-operative Owned Firms Why Not Policy From Below?

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Book SynopsisOn Petrocultures brings together key essays by Imre Szeman, a leading scholar in the field of energy humanities and a critical voice in debates about globalization and neoliberalism. Szeman’s most important and influential essays, in dialog with exciting new pieces written for the book, investigate ever-evolving circuits of power in the contemporary world, as manifested in struggles over space and belonging, redefinitions of work and individual autonomy, and the deep links between energy use and climate change.These essays explore life lived in the twenty-first century by examining critically the vocabulary through which capitalism makes sense of itself, focusing on concepts like the nation, globalization, neoliberalism, creativity, and entrepreneurship. At the heart of the volume is the concept of “petrocultures,” which demands that we understand a fundamental fact of modern life: we are shaped by and through fossil fuels. Szeman argues that we cannot take steps to address global warming without fundamentally changing social, cultural, and political norms and expectations developed in conjunction with the energy riches of the past century. On Petrocultures maps the significant challenge of our dependence on fossil fuels and probes ways that we might begin to leave petrocultures behind.

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Book SynopsisPhotovoltaic power systems are becoming a significant source of energy in our energy resource mix today. It is essential these systems are reliable, safe and secure. Precise engineering design is required to insure these new power systems meet these requirements. In particular, interconnected systems with existing utility power systems must operate in synchronism and improve overall quality of the electrical power grid. This book is intended to identify and explain engineering procedures for the design and operation of photovoltaic systems. It includes a review of conventional electrical power systems as implemented in the United States and common to all electrical systems throughout the world and introduces other types of renewable energy systems. The heart of the book is focused on the design of interconnected and stand-alone PV systems–battery storage is becoming an integral part of PV systems, and a significant portion of the text is dedicated to energy storage for stand-alone and back-up power systems. The author also highlights how economics and structural considerations are an essential part of the engineering design process.

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Book SynopsisClimate change has shifted from future menace to current event. As eco-conscious electricity consumers, we want to do our part in weening from fossil fuels, but what are we actually a part of? Committed environmentalists in one of North America’s most progressive regions desperately wanted energy policies that address the climate crisis. For many of them, wind turbines on Northern New England’s iconic ridgelines symbolize the energy transition that they have long hoped to see. For others, however, ridgeline wind takes on a very different meaning. When weighing its costs and benefits locally and globally, some wind opponents now see the graceful structures as symbols of corrupted energy politics. This book derives from several years of research to make sense of how wind turbines have so starkly split a community of environmentalists, as well as several communities. In doing so, it casts a critical light on the roadmap for energy transition that Northern New England’s ridgeline wind projects demarcate. It outlines how ridgeline wind conforms to antiquated social structures propping up corporate energy interests, to the detriment of the swift de-carbonizing and equitable transformation that climate predictions warrant. It suggests, therefore, that the energy transition of which most of us are a part, is probably not the transition we would have designed ourselves, if we had been asked. Trade Review"Well-written, incredibly informative, and sharply argued, Electric Mountains will be an important contribution to critical environmental scholarship on energy transitions." -- Jesse Goldstein * author of Planetary Improvement: Cleantech Entrepreneurship and the Contradictions of Green Capitali *"Electric Mountains is a timely and well researched book. Grounding an array of sociological thought about the environment and environmental behavior in rich ethnographic narrative, the book is both insightful and artfully written. Electric Mountains is a must read by anyone seeking to understand the social complexities surrounding wind energy." -- Brent Z. Kaup * College of William & Mary *"The Real Problem With Michael Moore’s New Film: Planet of the Humans," by Shaun Golding https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/05/05/real-problem-michael-moores-new-film-planet-humans * Common Dreams *"The world’s quickening energy transition is heralded by iconic changes to our landscapes and exciting new modes of transit, heating, and cooling. And yet society’s shift away from climate-harming energy is far from the urgent transformation warranted by climate change predictions. Electric Mountains explores the dissonance between electricity transition and energy transformation through the story of a region’s renewable energy policies and the popular backlash against them. Contextualizing narratives commonly dismissed as NIMBYism, Electric Mountains engages with the themes of rurality, risk, justice, and Ecological Modernization in predominantly white and ecologically progressive Northern New England. It encourages students and practitioners of Environmental Sociology to discern nuance across different regional political economies of energy and to recognize the imprints of energy hegemons, as well as our own biases and privileges, in our energy realities and energy transition roadmaps." * ASA Environmental Newsletter *Table of Contents List of Illustrations Preface 1. Introduction 2. Windy Ridgelines, Social Fault Lines 3. For the Love of Mountains: The Green Politics of Place 4. But What If…? Wind and the Discourse of Risk 5. Following Power Lines: A Regional Political Economy of Renewables Part I. The Money Part II. The People 6. Scripted in Chaos 7. Why We Follow the Slow Transition Road Map 8. Ecological Modernizations or Capitalists Treadmills? 9. Energy and “Justice” in the Mountains 10. Reimagining Energy Epilogue Acknowledgments Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of plasma catalysis, regarded as a promising alternative to thermal processes for energy and environmental applications. It bridges the gap between the plasma and catalysis research communities, covering both the fundamentals of plasma catalysis and its application in environmental and energy research. The first section of the book offers a broad introduction to plasma catalysis, covering plasma-catalyst systems, interactions, and modeling. The core of the book then focuses on different applications, describing a wide range of plasma-catalytic processes in catalyst synthesis, environmental clean-up, greenhouse gas conversion and synthesis of materials for energy applications. Chapters cover topics ranging from removal of NOx and VOCs to conversion of methane, carbon dioxide and the reforming of ethanol and methanol.Written by a group of world-leading researchers active in the field, the book forms a valuable resource for scientists, engineers and students with different research backgrounds including plasma physics, plasma chemistry, catalysis, energy, environmental engineering, electrical engineering and material engineering.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis exhaustive Handbook covers the synthesis and applications of nanomaterials that can be used in energy and environmental science applications. Given the pressing need for more efficient energy sources at lower costs, this book will help to provide a more cohesive understanding of nanocomposites and nanomaterials. Each chapter in this handbook is written by an expert in his or her field, and topics ranging from energy efficiency to material performance are presented. Catalysis, ceramic science, metallurgy, coatings, and green, sustainable materials are included. This Handbook provides a comprehensive guide to the field of applied nanomaterials. It will drive interest and research in the use of nanocomposites and nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications.Table of ContentsAdvanced Oxidation Processes leading to nanomaterials.- Environmental Photocatalysis.- Photocatalytic Decontamination.- Water Splitting.- Hydrogen Generation.- Hydrogen Production.- P Photocatalysts.- Water Treatment using nanomaterials.- Photolysis and Photoelectrochemistry.- Heterogeneous Catalysis.- Photochemical Processes.- Nanomaterials Synthesis.- Wastewater Treatment and Purification Technologies.- Thin Films and Nanotechnology.- Porous Materials.- Artificial photosynthesis.- Hydrogen storage.- Materials with noise-reduction properties.- Construction materials reinforced with natural products.- Nano-Catalysis.- Degradation of pollutants.- Mesoporous Materials.- Oil Pollutants Degradation.- Titanium Dioxide Films.- Photochemical Oxidants.- Biomass.- Glass ceramics from wastes.- Recycled plastics.- Silica fertilizer.- Wood ceramics.- Non-Metallic Building Materials.- Marine block.- Soil ceramics.- Stabilization of heavy metals from industrial wastes into ceramic matrices.- Biobased & biodegradable plastics.- Wear resistant metals and composites.- Pre-paint steel and alloys.- Hydrogen absorbing alloys and materials.- Gas separation membranes.- Ion-exchange resin for wastes treatment.- Microbial enzymes.- Absorbents for oil and grease removal.- Catalysts for fuel cells.- Coating materials for construction.- Functionally graded materials.- Lead-free solders.- Halogen flame retardant-free plastics.- Chromium-free steel.- Heavy metal free polyesters.- Vibration dumping steels.- Antibacterial coating materials.- Bone-cream for orthopedic and brain surgery.- Ultra-light steels.- Light-weight alloys.- Heat resistant alloys.- Heat mirror films.- Chromophobic fibers.- Endothermic steels.- High magnetic induction steels.- Silicon for solar cells.- Thermoelectric conversion materials.- Special glasses.- Sealing sheets for solar cells.- Materials for CO2, SOx, NOx emission reduction.- Materials for fixation and removal of radioactive wastes.- Sensors for nanoparticle detection.- Sensors for hazardous gases detection.- “Greener” aspects of materials synthesis.- “Greener” fabrication of nanomaterials.- Energy Harvesting.- Solar Fuel Production from CO2 and Water.- Lithium-Ion Batteries.- Electrochemical Capacitor Applications.- Catalysts in Biofuel Production.

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Book SynopsisDue to the huge quantity and diverse nature of their metabolic pathways, fungi have great potential to be used for the production of different biofuels such as bioethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel. This book presents recent advances, as well as challenges and promises, of fungal applications in biofuel production, subsequently discussing plant pathogenic fungi for bioethanol and biodiesel production, including their mechanisms of action. Additionally, this book reviews biofuel production using plant endophytic fungi, wood-rotting fungi, fungal biocontrol agents, and gut fungi, and it investigates highly efficient fungi for biofuel production and process design in fungal-based biofuel production systems. Finally, life cycle assessment of fungal-based biofuel production systems are discussed in this volume.Table of ContentsPreface1. Biofuels: challenges and the promises of fungi in biofuel productionMeisam Tabatabaei and Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani 2. Plant pathogenic fungi for bioethanol production: mechanisms of actionsPaul Christakopoulos, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden3. Plant pathogenic fungi for biodiesel productionAkihiko Kondo, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan4. Plant pathogenic fungi for VOCs productionJoan W. Bennett, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA5. Plant probiotic fungi as a new source for Bioethanol ProductionRibo Huang, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China6. Endophytic fungi for biofuel productionRanjan Kumar Bhagobaty, Oil India Limited, Noida, India7. Brown and white rot fungi for biofuel productionJonathan S. Schilling, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA8. Gut fungi for biofuel productionMichelle A. O’Malley, University of California Santa Barbara, California, USA9. Consolidated bioprocessing: highly efficient fungi for biofuel production Gholamreza Salehi JouzaniMohammad J. Taherzadeh, University of Borås, Borås, SwedenMeisam Tabatabaei10. Process design in fungal-based biofuel production systemsKeikhosro Karimi, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran11. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of fungal-based biofuel production systemsMohammad Ali Rajaeifar, University of Tabriz, Tabrīz, IranReinout Heijungs, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands12. Thermodynamics aspects of fungal-based biofuel production systemsMortaza Aghbashlo Arun S. Mujumdar, McGill University, Quebec, Canada13. Modeling and optimization to enhance fungal-based biofuel productionSulyman Hosseinpour, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMortaza AghbashloS Venkata Mohan, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, IndiaIndex

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Book SynopsisThis textbook provides broad coverage of energy supply and use. It discusses how energy is produced, transformed, delivered to end users, and consumed. The author discusses all of this at an undergraduate level, accessible to students of varying backgrounds. High-level and human-scale perspectives are included. As a high-level example, the book discusses the shares of global primary energy that are provided by oil, gas, coal, hydroelectricity, and renewables, as well as trends in energy consumption and supply over time. Human-scale examples will resonate with readers’ every day experiences. The link between economic development and energy consumption is presented, which facilitates understanding of how global energy consumption growth is inevitable as economic development occurs. Coverage includes separate chapters on the oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity sectors. Each of these provides high-level descriptions of the technology involved in the production of that type of energy as well as the processing and transportation that occurs to bring the energy to end users. The book discusses the technological implications of energy transitions such as increased use of renewables or changes in the use of nuclear energy using Germany and Japan as examples. It closes with a discussion of future energy use.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Fundamentals of Energy.- Energy Use.- Oil.- Natural Gas.- Coal.- Electricity.- Petrochemicals.- Energy Industries.- Technological Change.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses challenges and opportunities in the Energy-Water-Environment (EWE) nexus, with a particular focus on research and technology development requirements in harsh desert climates. Its chapters include selected contributions presented during the 1st international conference on sustainable Energy-Water-Environment nexus in desert climates (ICSEWEN-19) held at the Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI) in Doha, Qatar in December 2019. This volume is comprised of three main chapters, each describing important case studies and progress on water, energy and environmental questions. A fourth chapter on policies and community outreach on these three areas is also included. This compilation aims to bridge the gap between research and industry to address the socioeconomic impacts of the nexus imbalance as perceived by scientists, industrial partners, and policymakers. The content of this book is of particular importance to graduate students, researchers and decision makers interested in understanding water, energy and environmental challenges in arid areas. Re searchers in environmental and civil engineering, chemistry, hydrology and environmental science can also find unique in-situ observations of the current nexus imbalance in deserts climate to validate their investigations. It is also an invaluable guide for industry professionals working in water, energy, environment and food sectors to understand the rapidly evolving landscape of the EWE nexus in arid areas. The analyses, observations and lessons-learned summarized herein are applicable to other arid areas outside North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula as well, such as central Australia, the southwest of the United States and deserts in central Asia.Table of ContentsModelling the effect of the pumping variations’ on the groundwater quality in the semi-arid Aquifers.- Assessment of Groundwater Aquifer Impact from Artificial Lagoons and the Re-use of Wastewater in Qatar.- Temporal groundwater level prediction using multivariate geostatistics: a case study from Sfax superficial aquifer (Tunisia).- Integration of electromagnetic method and resistivity depth sounding in the evaluation of groundwater potentials of Araromi phases 1 and 2, Akungba-Akoko, southwestern Nigeria.- Contribution to the Study of Fluoride Ion Concentrations in Groundwater and its Impact on the Desert Areas of South-eastern Algeria.- Groundwater stability assessment with geospatial modeling using GIS: a case study of ILLIZI town, Algeria.- Efficiency assessment of AHP and fuzzy AHP in suitability mapping for artificial recharging (Case study: south of Kashan basin, Isfahan, Iran).- Statistical methods for the evaluation of water quality.- Research on innovative materials and technologies for water treatment and water desalination: A conceptual analysis from 1969 to 2019.- The Microbial and Physicochemical Analysis and Treatment of Groundwater of South Punjab, Pakistan.- Removal of cyanotoxins in drinking water using advanced oxidation processes.- Microplastic detection and analysis in water samples.- Column Adsorption Studies of phenolic compounds on nanoparticles synthesized from Moroccan phosphate rock.- Summary of Field Trial Results of the Treatment of Contaminated Water using Non-fouling Super Hydrophilic Functionalized Ceramic Membranes.- Preliminary study for phosphate recovery from starch factory wastewater using porous aluminum.- Removal of organic compounds from olive mill wastewater by flotation-anaerobic-aerobic processes and lime treatment.- Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Technologies for Appropriate Agricultural use in Jordan.

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Book SynopsisAs the application of smart technologies for monitoring environmental activities becomes more widespread, there is a growing demand for solutions that can help analyze the risk factors and impacts on the environment by focusing on energy consumption, storage, and management. This book is designed to serve as a knowledge-sharing platform, focusing on the emerging models, architectures, and algorithms being developed for smart computational technologies that can lead to efficient energy conservation and environmental sustainability.Table of ContentsOrganic Semiconductors: Technology and Environment.- Defining, and Visualizing Smart Technologies for Energy and Environment.- Smartification of Energy Systems: Artificial Intelligence Approach.- Sensing, Communication With Efficient and Sustainable Energy: An IoT Framework for Smart Cities.- Existing Green Computing Techniques.- Renewable Energy: The Way Ahead.- Smart Home for Efficient Energy Management.- Solar Energy Radiation Forecasting Method: A Review.- Electric Vehicles for Environmental Sustainability.- Smart Grid: A Survey.- Green Buildings: the Future Ahead.- Reliable and Cost-Effective Smart Water Governing System for Industries and Households.- Adaptation of Smart Technologies and E-Waste: Risks and Environmental Impact.- Smart Technologies for Energy Conservation and Environment.- IoT in Agriculture.- The Environmental Implications of Economic Growth and Increasing Energy Consumption.- Assessment of IoT Based Smart Technologies for Sustainable Development.- Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on the Environment and Tool Life.- Evaluation of Energy Management System by Implication of Cleaner Technology in Cement Industry at Tamil Nadu.- Role of Governance.

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Book SynopsisThis volume addresses renewable energy communities, and in particular renewable energy cooperatives (REScoops), in the context of the revised EU Renewables Directive. It provides a comprehensive account of the history and development of the renewable energy community movement in over six different countries of continental Europe. It addresses their visions, strategy, organisation, agency, and more particularly the challenges they encounter. This is of particular importance to gain more understanding into how renewable energy communities fare in domestic energy markets where they are confronted with regime institutions, structures and incumbents’ agency that tend to favour maintaining of the status quo while blocking attempts to empower and institutionalise renewable energy communities as market entrants having a disruptive, radical green and localist agenda. This volume will be an invaluable reference for academics and practitioners with an interest in social innovation in sustainable transitions, the role of community energy in energy markets, their agency, as well as an outlook to the impact that the EU Renewables Directive may have to change national legislation and policy frameworks to create a level playing field that is essentially more fair and beneficial to renewable energy communities. Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction.Chapter 2: “What are Energy Communities Under the EU’s Clean Energy Package?”.Chapter 3: Community energy on the east side of the Baltic Sea Region: from standstill to first steps.Chapter 4: Clean energy transition in Southeast Europe: The paradigm of Greece from a fossil fuel mediator to a community energy hub.Chapter 5: The community energy sector in Italy; historical perspective and recent evolution.Chapter 6: Community Energy in Germany: From Technology Pioneers to Professionalisation under Uncertainty.Chapter 7: Support structures for renewable energy communities.Chapter 8: Energy Communities promoting Home Energy Savings: Interventions, Theory and Results.Chapter 9: Creating an enabling policy framework for inclusive energy communities: a gender perspective.Chapter 10: Housing communities as low-carbon energy pioneers Experiences from the Netherlands. Chapter 11: Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses sustainable waste management technologies for managing end-of-life (EoL) post-consumer and packaging plastic solid waste (PSW) from domestic and commercial waste streams. It does so particularly in the context of providing a way forward for developing economies.Treating recycling and composting of, and energy recovery from, plastics, the book is directed at individuals who are responsible for or have a significant role in solid waste management. Academics and students in solid waste management pursuing research or study in solid waste management with particular interest in plastics will find this book useful. Sustainable options for managing PSW are presented with reference to the scientific, engineering, and management standpoints to enable decision makers and relevant stakeholders in industry arrive at the best decision for achieving sustainable resource management. The book further integrates waste management and technologies so that PSW recycling can be viewed from environmental, economic, and social perspectives. Greener technologies for PSW management are addressed so as to provide drivers that will influence key stakeholders and policy-makers achieve sustainability in this field.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Post-Consumer Plastic Solid Wastes.- Technologies for Managing Plastic Solid Wastes.- Sustainability in Post-Consumer PSW Management Technologies.- Drivers to Sustainable Post-Consumer PSW Management in Developing Economics.- Policy-Makers' Responsibilities.- Contributions.

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the combustion and exhaust emissions of gas engines fueled with green biogas. Biogas is a mixture of gases, primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, food waste, etc. Biogas is considered to be a renewable source of energy. Therefore, it can contribute to the prevention of global warming.The biogas engine is used to co-generate electricity by operating engine and heat from hot exhaust gases. The energy source used very efficiently. Unlike other green energy sources such as wind and solar, biogas is readily available when needed.This book first describes the basics of biogas and its application to internal combustion engines. Next, it describes the engine system and the combustion phenomena in the engine cylinder. Engine technology continues to advance in spark ignition and dual-fuel engines to achieve higher thermal efficiency and lower harmful emissions. Several advanced combustion technologies are introduced to achieve higher thermal efficiency while avoiding knocking.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Fundamentals of combustion behavior of gas engine.- Combustion and exhaust emissions of biogas spark-ignition engines.- Combustion and exhaust emissions of biogas dual-fuel engine.- Technologies for higher thermal efficiency.- Summary.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an in-depth introduction to all major control and stability issues related to microgrids. It is the first book to offer a comprehensive look into the methodologies and philosophies behind system modeling, coordinated control, and protection for developing reliable, robust, and efficient operation of modular uninterruptible power supply systems. For each topic, a theoretical introduction and overview are backed by concrete programming examples that enable the reader to thoroughly understand the topic and develop and conduct simulation models.Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction.- Part II: Front-end Rectifier Control of the Modular UPS System.- A Reduced-order Generalized Proportional Integral Observer-based Resonant Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control.- An Enhanced State Observer for DC-link Voltage Control of Three-phase AC/DC Converters.- Part III: Distributed Control and Protection of the Modular UPS System.- Regeneration Protection in Uninterruptible Power Supply.- DC-link Protection and Control in Modular Uninterruptible Power Supply.- Distributed Adaptive Virtual Impedance Control for Parallel-connected Voltage Source Inverters in Modular UPS System.- Distributed Average Integral Secondary Control for Modular UPS Systems-based Microgrids.- Overload and Short-circuit Protection Strategy for Voltage Source Inverter-based UPS.- Part IIII: Renewable Energy Integrated Control and Operation of the Modular UPS System.- Multimode Operation for Online Uninterruptible Power Supply System.- Distributed Hierarchical Control of AC Microgrid Operating in Grid-connected, Islanded and Their Transition Modes.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents an overview of geothermal heating systems using ground source heat pumps in different countries. It evaluates the emissions and energy costs generated by the operation of low enthalpy geothermal systems, with heat pumps fed by different energy sources, and assesses, from an international point of view, those policies whose aim is a sustainable, low-carbon economy.The use of low-impact energy sources is gradually growing with the aim of reducing greenhouse gases emission and air pollution. The alternatives offered by geothermal systems are one of the key solutions for a future renewable development, enabling the electrification of heating systems and the use of biofuels.The book will be of interest to energy professionals and researchers.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Geothermal heating systems and heat pumps.- Energy sources to supply a geothermal heat pump.- Economics of heat pumps.- Polygeneration systems.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes recent breakthroughs that promise major cost reductions in solar energy production in a clear and highly accessible manner. The authors address the three key areas that have commonly resulted in criticism of solar energy in the past: cost, availability, and variability. Coverage includes cutting-edge information on recently developed 40 efficient solar cells, which can produce double the power of currently available commercial cells. The discussion also highlights the potentially transformative emergence of opportunities for integration of solar energy storage and natural gas combined heat and power systems. Solar energy production in the evening hours is also given fresh consideration via the convergence of low cost access to space and the growing number of large terrestrial solar electric power fields around the world.Dr. Fraas has been active in the development of Solar Cells and Solar Electric Power Systems for space and terrestrial applications since 1975. His research team at Boeing demonstrated the first GaAs/GaSb tandem concentrator solar cell in 1989 with a world record energy conversion efficiency of 35, garnering awards from Boeing and NASA. He has over 30 years of experience at Hughes Research Labs, Chevron Research Co, and the Boeing High Technology Center working with advanced semiconductor devices. In a pioneering paper, he proposed the InGaP/GaInAs/Ge triple junction solar cell predicting a cell terrestrial conversion efficiency of 40 at 300 suns concentration. Having become today’s predominant cell for space satellites, that cell is now entering high volume production for terrestrial Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) systems. Since joining JX Crystals, Dr. Fraas has pioneered the development of various thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems based on the new GaSb infrared sensitive PV cell. Dr. Fraas holds degrees from Caltech (B.Sc. Physics), Harvard (M. A. Applied Physics), and USC (Ph.D. EE).Table of ContentsHistory of Solar Cell Development.- The Solar PV Market Today & The Need for Non-Polluting Solar Energy.- Types of Photovoltaic Cells.- Fundamentals of PV & the Importance of Single Crystals.- Terrestrial Silicon Solar Cells Today.- The Dream of Thin film PV.- Introduction to Concentrated Sunlight Solar Cell Systems.- The Story of the 40% Efficient Multijunction Solar Cell.- Solar PV in a Larger Electric Power Context.- InfraRed PhotoVoltaics (IR PV) for Combined Solar Lighting and Electricity for Buildings.- Thermophotovoltaics using Infrared Sensitive Cells.- Sunbeams from Space Mirrors for Terrestrial PV.

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Book SynopsisThis is an open access book. This book contains research papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Futures (ICESF), which took place at Coventry University, UK, in 2022. The ICESF is an annual conference organised by the UK-based Doctorial Training Alliance (DTA) programme. It is a multidisciplinary conference focused on addressing the future challenges and opportunities for meeting global energy targets and sustainable development goals. The conference brought together academic researchers, industry experts and research students to showcase the latest innovations and research on a wide range of topics in the areas of energy and sustainability, including • renewable energy; • ICT and control; • computational fluid dynamics; • optimization; • conventional energy sources; • energy governance; • materials in energy research; • energy storage and • energy access.Table of ContentsInvestigating Energy Cost Impact on Private Residential Buildings in the West Midlands Region of the UK.- Towards an Effective Artificial Intelligence Systems for Condition Monitoring of Off-Shore Wind Turbines: The Application of Sensor Fusion.- CFD Based Aerodynamics conjugate Heat Transfer and Airgap Fluid Flow Thermal Analysis to a Wheel Hub Motor for Electric Scooters.- Learning from the past fora sustainable future: Environmental monitoring and 3D modeling to assess the thermal performance of heritage buildings.- Oil and gas supply chain: Analysing stakeholder sustainability risk perception.- using machine learning to predict synthetic fuel spray penetration from limited experimental data without computational flluid dynamics.

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Book SynopsisSustainable Engineering: Concepts and Practices provides insights into current perspectives on sustainable engineering research. It highlights the drivers, motivations, and challenges affecting the development and adoption of sustainable engineering in various sectors of the economy and how they impact sustainable development. Contributions from researchers representing multiple branches of engineering in academia, government laboratories, and industry present alternative approaches to traditional engineering practices. These approaches effect change, making the design, construction, production, and management of products, processes, and systems more environmentally friendly, socially beneficial, and economically profitable. The book will be a trusted reference for graduate students, practicing engineers, and other professionals interested in developing or using sustainable products and systems.Table of ContentsBiotechnology and Sustainable Engineering.- Sustainable Engineering in the Construction Industry.- Design, Manufacturing and Sustainable Engineering.- Sustainability in Process, Materials, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering.- Food-Water-Energy Nexus and Sustainable Engineering.- Nanotechnology and Sustainable Engineering.- Facilities and Infrastructural Aspects of Sustainable Engineering.- Socio-economic Aspects of Sustainable Engineering.- Political and Institutional Aspects of Sustainable Engineering.- Educational Aspects of Sustainable Engineering.- Fourth Industrial Revolution and Other Aspects of Sustainable Engineering.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Photovoltaic pumping for domestic water access in off-grid communities: potential and challenges.- Planning and preparation of non-technical components - before installation.- Technology installation.- Operation and maintenance - after installation.- Discussion.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisPart 1 Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation and Solar Energy Applications.- Chapter 1 Installations of Solar PV to Prevent CO2 Emissions for Schools in the Hampshire.- Chapter 2 Energy Evaluation of Photovoltaic Integration in Student Building with Different PV Technologies.- Chapter 3 Technical-economic Modeling of a microgrid incorporating renewable photovoltaic energy.- Chapter 4 Indoor Solar Thermal Cook Stove Design.- Chapter 5 Solar energy performance prediction with regression algorithm in machine learning based on weather conditions: A case study.- Part 2 Renewable Energy Technology and Energy Efficiency Optimization.- Chapter 6 Technical-economic evaluation of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system with different dispatch strategies.- Chapter 7 Recent Tools and their Roles towards High-share Renewable Energy in the Climate-Changing World.- Chapter 8 Assessment of wind and wave climate dynamics in the Mediterranean and Black Seas for renewable energy potential analysis.- Chapter 9 Evaluation of the Performance of an Activated Carbon's family for Biogas Upgrading using the Adsorption Performance Indicator.- Chapter 10 Estimation of Power Consumption in Screw Gas Compressor installed on Natural Gas Power Plant.- Chapter 11 An Approach for Voltage Drop Improvement in Distribution Line using High Voltage Capacitor Bank.- Chapter 12 Numerical Analysis of the Flow Phenomena inside the Vortex Tube with Different Turbulence Models.- Chapter 13 Technical-economic implementation of a control and supervision system in air conditioning systems through BACnet for energy efficiency in buildings.- Chapter 14 State of Decision Making in the Baltic States: Nuclear Energy Past and for the Future.- Chapter 15 The Transition to 100% Renewable Energy Versus the Global Temperature Scenarios: A Perspective Analysis.- Part 3 Energy Materials and Energy Storage Technology.- Chapter 16 Research on the Performance of Positive Electrode Modified with Fluorinated Carbon Based on Silver Coating.- Chapter 17 Research on the Positive Electrode Performance of Lithium Battery Based on the Mixture of Carbon Fluoride and the Manganese Dioxide.- Chapter 18 Effects of C-rate on the thermal behavior of commercial lithium-ion pouch cells with different aging histories for a successful second-life transition.- Chapter 19 Research on preparation process of graphene oxide of negative electrode materials.- Chapter 20 Energy storage capacity of microencapsulated phase change materials.- Chapter 21 Energy Storage in the Smart Grid: a Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach.- Part 4 Carbon Capture and Sustainable Development.- Chapter 22 Exploration on the Key Factors to the Successful Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects Based on a CCS Project Inventory.- Chapter 23 Energy-Food Commodity Prices Movement and Equation in Kyoto (2006) Perspective: Factor Analysis and Non-Linear Framework.- Chapter 24 Sustainable Construction Materials from Industrial By-products.- Chapter 25 Towards Sustainable CO2 Reduction and Brine Utilization: Investigating Alkaline-Enhanced Solvay Processes.

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Book SynopsisEvaluation of energy efficiency measures and use of the photovoltaic thermal system with insulation for a historical four story residential building in Italy.- The Design of Seismic and Energy Upgrading Strategies for a Residential Building in Switzerland using Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Insulation Materials.- Technoeconomic Analysis of a Rooftop Photovoltaic Solar System in a Household Application (Case Study in Zurich, Switzerland) .- Geothermal Heat Pump for Zurich Project.- Evaluation of energy efficiency measures and use of a photovoltaic thermal system with insulation for a historical single story residential building located in Gontenschwil Switzerland.- Techno Economic Feasibility and Environmental studies of Combined Heat and Power production energy System through photovoltaic thermal Panel (PV T) in a Zurich building.

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Book SynopsisPart I. LANDSCAPE AND CITIES IN TRANSITION.- Chapter 1. What needs to be demonstrated: The potential benefits of an NBS (Nature-Based Solutions) project in a post-disaster reconstruction context, the case of the reconstruction of the Al Haouz region in Morocco.- Chapter 2. Energy transition and environmental sustainability in large commercial systems. A research project example.- Chapter 3. A Solarpunk Vision of the City and its Infrastructure.- Chapter 4. Innovative approaches for Cultural Heritage renovation in the Mediterranean area.- Chapter 5. Exploring the intersection of History and Morphology: A comparative study of the spatial formation in the early development of the Medina of Fez.- Chapter 6. A physics-based urban digital twin for designing and renovating sustainable cities.- Chapter 7. Analysing the Resilience of Microgrids as they Transition from Standalone to Grid-connected systems.- Chapter 8. Integrating transitions in climate-adaptive design. A Nature-based approach towards next resilient amphibious urban environments along Med coasts.- Chapter 9. Towards Sustainable and Regenerative Cities: Vertical Farming as a Solution for Achieving Zero-Carbon Cities and Climate Neutrality A Case Study of a Mediterranean City.- Chapter 10. ECOLOGICAL AND BIOREGIONAL TRANSITION FOR MANHATTAN .- Chapter 11. Living labs to design the transition towards Carbon neutrality of Mediterranean Islands.- Chapter 12. Designing Nature Based Solutions for Climate Neutrality of school communities.- Chapter 13. Tailored solutions for the sustainable transition of the built environment: the specific context as information source.- Chapter 14. Seaweed House 2.0 Methods and Techniques to Harmonize and Improve the Living and Urban of Future Cities, Imitating Nature.- Chapter 15. SuDS-Sustainable Drainage Systems in city center. Open problems and technological solutions.- Chapter 16. Mapping urban local metabolism to support Building Integrated Agriculture.- Chapter 17. PV Cool: a hybrid solution for power and cooling generation.- Chapter 18.  Recovering street life through urban climate control strategies: a design and assessment tool.- Chapter 19. Ventilation results and CFD model formulation for street canyons applied to climate control strategies.- Chapter 20. Integrated Methodology for Thermal Comfort Assessment in Urban Environments: Validation in the City of Seville, Spain.- Chapter 21. Microclimate analysis of urban comfort outdoors by studying anthropogenic heat in urban canyons.- Chapter 22. Wind farms and Diachronic Landscapes: The identity of sustainability.- Chapter 23. Energy and Environmental refurbishment of the residential complex of Torrevecchia in Rome: Retrofitting and Demand Response Activities.- Chapter 24. Shifting to a new sustainable paradigm: nature-based solutions and circular design for the urban regeneration.- Chapter 25. An Advanced Framework for Regenerative Design in Digital and Physical Prototyping. Crafting a Comprehensive Atlas for Predictive Modeling and Adaptive Technologies in Climate Change Scenario Analysis.- Chapter 26. Adaptive technologies in flooding scenarios through NBS/SUDS. The experimentation of an innovative protocol for the resilience and biodiversity protection on the coast of Reggio Calabria.- Chapter 27. New forms of interaction  between infrastructure and the city The experience of the intensive forest in the Garbatella park in Rome.- Chapter 28. A Novel Collaborative Stakeholder Development Tool Using Energy System Optimisation and Visual Interface for Workshop Facilitation.- Chapter 29. Cities and decarbonisation: an assessment model for the technological reconfiguration of proximity open spaces .- Chapter 30.  Smart Biophilic cities: green and innovative digital solutions for sustainable urban development.- Chapter 31. Getting to zero' the university buildings stock. Boosting the renovation strategy and the action plan of the University of Florence.- Chapter 32. The Technological Design of Renewable Energy Communities: architectural implication of an holistic approach.- Chapter 33. Climate Neutrality and Global Perspective for Net Zero Policies and Buildings.- Chapter 34. CONSTRUCTING AND CULTIVATING THE URBAN NATURE.- Chapter 35. Comparative Analysis of the energetic performance of Buildings Integrated Semi-Transparent PV glazing systems in the climate of Hungary and Syria Title.- Part II. ARCHITECTURES FOR TOMORROW.- Chapter 36. Mediterranean Under Pressure: Architectures resistance to the Climate Emergency.- Chapter 37. Madonie Green Walls Revolution sustainable revitalization and enhancement of Sicilian inner rural areas.- Chapter 38. Explaining Positive Building definition: A Review and Revision.- Chapter 39. Energy retrofit of non-monumental, historic buildings: Limitations and opportunities of technological advances.- Chapter 40. A multi-criteria evaluation tool for the adaptive regeneration of the residential heritage.- Chapter 41. Technological and environmental strategies for the redevelopment of Outdoor Learning spaces and the establishment of Energy Hubs in school buildings.- Chapter 42. Bioclimatic Urban Renewal approach on an Historical Disused Military Area in Naples.- Chapter 43. CIS Roma Scuole Verdi: a Programme to Improve Energy Efficiency and Decarbonization  by Retrofitting School Buildings .- Chapter 44. Adaptive Approaches to Attain Net Zero through Carbon Sequestration in Heritage Sites of Coastal Mediterranean Cities.- Chapter 45. Investigating the Effect of Geometry to Approach Positive Buildings.- Chapter 46. Architectural treatments for the integration of solar energy systems on the roofs of residential buildings as an alternative solution to the energy crisis in Syria.- Chapter 47. Comfort at work: Analysis, evaluation and design proposal for an industrial building in northern Italy.- Chapter 48. Architectural regeneration between innovative technologies and cultural heritage: adaptive reuse of school buildings.- Chapter 49. Assessing climate change adaptation of buildings: a review of performance indicators in Green Building Rating Systems.- Chapter 50. Open-source tools to support local circular co-design.- Chapter 51. Nature positive buildings: systemic approaches and technological design experimentation.- Chapter 52. Holistic redevelopment of a coastal heritage area in Palermo (IT).- Chapter 53. Mediterranean synergies for the energy renovation of university buildings: three pilot projects in Palestine, Tunisia, and Italy.- Chapter 54. The Digitalization of Participatory Approaches.- Chapter 55. GREEN ARCHITECTURE, NZEB AND CLIMATE NEUTRALITY.  AN INTERVENTION DESIGN MODEL FOR DEEP RENOVATION OF PUBLIC HOUSING.- Chapter 56. Environment, Technology, Architecture. Application of green technologies for the rehabilitation and energy renovation of the modern built heritage.- Chapter 57. Adopting circular economy strategies in building regeneration through a holistic approach.- Part III.  ECO-TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS.- Chapter 58. European Drive to use Photovoltaic Application in New Buildings in 2025.- Chapter 59. Material synergies and industrial symbiosis to valorise granite scraps from quarries in Sardinia.- Chapter 60. Biobased materials for the improvement of human quality life a Km 0.- Chapter 61. Bio-based materials to foster efficient retrofitting of the existing building stock Cork and hemp to support environmental transition preserving socio-cultural values.- Chapter 62. Reusing olive pomace waste for energy saving applications in construction: development of a panel prototype.- Chapter 63. Mapping local resources in the South-East of France bio-region : climate as project material.- Chapter 63. Mapping local resources in the South-East of France bio-region : climate as project material.- Chapter 64. Experimental development and proof of concept for natural-based cool pavements.- Chapter 65. Green Responsive System (GRS): A Paradigm Shift in Urban Decarbonization in the Mediterranean Context.- Chapter 66. A zero-waste strategy toward carbon neutrality. Circular technology experimentations for life extension of non-recyclable plastic packaging.- Chapter 67. Eco-Design for Transition Architecture: Comparative Analysis for an a-scalar methodology using PNACC-defined green actions and pre-design according to Life Cycle Thinking.- Chapter 68. An Integrated Approach towards Smart Building Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change and attain the SDGs in Architectural Education and Knowledge to Reach Net Zero .- Chapter 69. When architectural design unveils the ethical and aesthetic value of BIPV: the Santa Verdiana demo case.- Chapter 70. Circular building production in the South Mediterranean area: the experience of CUB TI Project.- Chapter 71. From waste to resource using recycled stone in 3D Printed building elements.- Chapter 72. Low carbon bio-based building materials from organic waste: a closed-loop production model  within circular neighborhoods.- Part IV. PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES.- Chapter 73. Empowering Circular Economy Transition in the Building Sector: A Stakeholder-Centric Approach in the Design Phase for Climate Change Mitigation.- Chapter 74. ESG Measurement Tool: An approach to measure the sustainability introduced in real estate requalification projects.- Chapter 75. A systemic design-led participatory process to address meaningful impact pathways for NetZero cities.- Chapter 76. Building BIM Competence:  Learning in the DIGITAL DECATHLON.- Chapter 77. Environmental Comfort and Well-being: Unlocking Complexities of Human Behaviour towards Climate Change Mitigation Assessment of an Apartment in a Selected Hot Urban Area in the Mediterranean Region.- Chapter 78. Housing adaptability for aging in place. Sustainable approaches to improve environmental comfort.- Chapter 79. The Moroccan Medina: Between Preservation and Sustainability in Light of the HUL recommendation.- C

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Book SynopsisPreface.- Thermodynamics of combustion.- Chemical kinetics.- Conservation equations.- Premixed flames.- Flame dynamics.- Compressible flow.- Detonations.- Flammability and detonability limits.- Rotating detonation engines.- Appendix.

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Book SynopsisPart 1 Bottom-Founded Offshore Wind Turbines : - Introduction; - Materials And Welding.-  Environmental Conditions.- Loads.-  Structure And Foundation Design.- Equipment And Systems; - Surveys.- Appendices. Part 2 Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: General, - - Materials And Welding;   General Design Requirements.- Environmental Conditions.- Loads.- Global Performance Analysis.- Design Of Floating Substructures.- Design Of Station Keeping Systems.- Stability And Watertight/ Weathertight Integrity.- Machinery, Equipment And Systems, - Surveys.- Appendices. Part 3 Global Performance and Integrated Load Analysis for Offshore Wind Turbines: -Introduction.- Integrated Load Analysis for Bottom-Founded Offshore Wind Turbines.- Integrated Load Analysis for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines.- Global Performance And Mooring Analysis For Floating Offshore Wind Turbines.- Suggestions For Numerical Simulations.

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